1
|
Webb CH, Wang Y. Cardiac regeneration in goldfish (Carassius auratus) associated with increased expression of key extracellular matrix molecules. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2025; 308:1378-1390. [PMID: 39092661 DOI: 10.1002/ar.25549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Cardiac regeneration is a natural phenomenon that occurs in many species outside of humans. The goldfish (Carassius auratus) is an understudied model of cardiac wound response, despite its ubiquity as pets as well as its relationship to the better-studied zebrafish. In this study, we examined the response of the goldfish heart to a resection injury. We found that by 70 days post-injury, goldfish scarlessly heal cardiac wounds under a certain size, with local cardiomyocyte proliferation driving the restoration of the myocardial layer. We also found the upregulation of extracellular matrix components related to cardiac regeneration in the injury site. This upregulation correlated with the level of cardiomyocyte proliferation occurring in the injury site, indicating an association between the two that warrants further exploration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charles H Webb
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Yadong Wang
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gupta S, Bajwa GK, El-Sammak H, Mattonet K, Günther S, Looso M, Stainier DYR, Marín-Juez R. The transmembrane glycoprotein Gpnmb is required for the immune and fibrotic responses during zebrafish heart regeneration. Dev Biol 2025; 521:153-162. [PMID: 39983908 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2025.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2024] [Revised: 01/21/2025] [Accepted: 02/13/2025] [Indexed: 02/23/2025]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction occurs when the coronary supply of oxygen and nutrients to part of the heart is interrupted. In contrast to adult mammals, adult zebrafish have a remarkable ability to regenerate their heart after cardiac injury. Several processes are involved in this regenerative response including inflammation, coronary endothelial cell proliferation and revascularization, endocardial expansion, cardiomyocyte repopulation, and transient scar formation. To identify additional regulators of zebrafish cardiac regeneration, we profiled the transcriptome of regenerating coronary endothelial cells at 7 days post cryoinjury (dpci) and observed the significant upregulation of dozens of genes including gpnmb. Gpnmb (glycoprotein non-metastatic melanoma protein B) is a transmembrane glycoprotein implicated in inflammation resolution and tissue regeneration. Transcriptomic profiling data of cryoinjured zebrafish hearts reveal that gpnmb is mostly expressed by macrophages. To investigate gpnmb function during zebrafish cardiac regeneration, we generated a full locus deletion allele. We find that after cardiac cryoinjury, animals lacking gpnmb exhibit neutrophil retention and decreased macrophage recruitment as well as reduced myofibroblast numbers. Moreover, loss of gpnmb impairs coronary endothelial cell regeneration and cardiomyocyte dedifferentiation. Transcriptomic analyses of cryoinjured gpnmb-/- hearts identified enhanced collagen gene expression and the activation of extracellular matrix (ECM) related pathways. Furthermore, gpnmb-/- hearts exhibit larger fibrotic scars revealing additional defects in cardiac regeneration. Altogether, these data indicate that gpnmb, which is mostly expressed by macrophages, modulates inflammation and ECM deposition after cardiac cryoinjury in zebrafish and further highlight the importance of these immune cells during regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Savita Gupta
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Ludwigstrasse 43, 61231, Bad Nauheim, Germany; DZHK German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Rhine-Main, Bad Nauheim, Germany; Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Gursimran Kaur Bajwa
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, QC, Canada; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine Research Center, 3175 Chemin de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, H3T 1C5, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Hadil El-Sammak
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Ludwigstrasse 43, 61231, Bad Nauheim, Germany; DZHK German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Rhine-Main, Bad Nauheim, Germany; Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Bad Nauheim, Germany; Division of Molecular Neurobiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kenny Mattonet
- Imaging Platform, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Stefan Günther
- DZHK German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Rhine-Main, Bad Nauheim, Germany; Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Bad Nauheim, Germany; Bioinformatics and Deep Sequencing Platform, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Mario Looso
- DZHK German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Rhine-Main, Bad Nauheim, Germany; Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Bad Nauheim, Germany; Bioinformatics Core Unit (BCU), Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Didier Y R Stainier
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Ludwigstrasse 43, 61231, Bad Nauheim, Germany; DZHK German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Rhine-Main, Bad Nauheim, Germany; Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Bad Nauheim, Germany.
| | - Rubén Marín-Juez
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, QC, Canada; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine Research Center, 3175 Chemin de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, H3T 1C5, Montréal, QC, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Xu Q, Chen X, Zhao C, Liu Y, Wang J, Ao X, Ding W. Cell cycle arrest of cardiomyocytes in the context of cardiac regeneration. Front Cardiovasc Med 2025; 12:1538546. [PMID: 40357436 PMCID: PMC12066773 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2025.1538546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2025] [Indexed: 05/15/2025] Open
Abstract
The limited capacity of adult mammalian cardiomyocytes to undergo cell division and proliferation is one of the key factors contributing to heart failure. In newborn mice, cardiac proliferation occurs during a brief window, but this proliferative capacity diminishes by 7 days after birth. Current studies on cardiac regeneration focused on elucidating changes in regulatory factors within the heart before and after this proliferative window, aiming to determine whether potential association between these factors and cell cycle arrest in cardiomyocytes. Facilitating the re-entry of cardiomyocytes into the cell cycle or reversing their exit from it represents a critical strategy for cardiac regeneration. This paper provides an overview of the role of cell cycle arrest in cardiac regeneration, briefly describes cardiomyocyte proliferation and cardiac regeneration, and systematically summarizes the regulation of the cell cycle arrest in cardiomyocytes, and the potential metabolic mechanisms underlying cardiomyocyte cycle arrest. Additionally, we highlight the development of cardiovascular disease drugs targeting cardiomyocyte cell cycle regulation and their status in clinical treatment. Our goal is to outline strategies for promoting cardiac regeneration and repair following cardiac injury, while also pointing toward future research directions that may offer new technologies and prospects for treating cardiovascular diseases, such as myocardial infarction, arrhythmia and heart failure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingling Xu
- Department of Comprehensive Internal Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Xinhui Chen
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Chunyige Zhao
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Jianxun Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Xiang Ao
- Department of Comprehensive Internal Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Wei Ding
- Department of Comprehensive Internal Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Constanty F, Wu B, Wei KH, Lin IT, Dallmann J, Guenther S, Lautenschlaeger T, Priya R, Lai SL, Stainier DYR, Beisaw A. Border-zone cardiomyocytes and macrophages regulate extracellular matrix remodeling to promote cardiomyocyte protrusion during cardiac regeneration. Nat Commun 2025; 16:3823. [PMID: 40268967 PMCID: PMC12019606 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-59169-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2025] [Indexed: 04/25/2025] Open
Abstract
Despite numerous advances in our understanding of zebrafish cardiac regeneration, an aspect that remains less studied is how regenerating cardiomyocytes invade and replace the collagen-containing injured tissue. Here, we provide an in-depth analysis of the process of cardiomyocyte invasion. We observe close interactions between protruding border-zone cardiomyocytes and macrophages, and show that macrophages are essential for extracellular matrix remodeling at the wound border zone and cardiomyocyte protrusion into the injured area. Single-cell RNA-sequencing reveals the expression of mmp14b, encoding a membrane-anchored matrix metalloproteinase, in several cell types at the border zone. Genetic mmp14b mutation leads to decreased macrophage recruitment, collagen degradation, and subsequent cardiomyocyte protrusion into injured tissue. Furthermore, cardiomyocyte-specific overexpression of mmp14b is sufficient to enhance cardiomyocyte invasion into the injured tissue and along the apical surface of the wound. Altogether, our data provide important insights into the mechanisms underlying cardiomyocyte invasion of the collagen-containing injured tissue during cardiac regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Constanty
- Mechanisms of Cardiac Regeneration and Repair Lab, Institute of Experimental Cardiology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institute for Translational AngioCardioScience (HI-TAC) of the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC) at Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bailin Wu
- Mechanisms of Cardiac Regeneration and Repair Lab, Institute of Experimental Cardiology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ke-Hsuan Wei
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - I-Ting Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Julia Dallmann
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Stefan Guenther
- Deep Sequencing Platform, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner site Rhein/Main, Rhein/Main, Germany
| | - Till Lautenschlaeger
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Rashmi Priya
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, Bad Nauheim, Germany
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Shih-Lei Lai
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Didier Y R Stainier
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner site Rhein/Main, Rhein/Main, Germany
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Arica Beisaw
- Mechanisms of Cardiac Regeneration and Repair Lab, Institute of Experimental Cardiology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Helmholtz-Institute for Translational AngioCardioScience (HI-TAC) of the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC) at Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Long RRB, Bullingham OMN, Baylis B, Shaftoe JB, Dutcher JR, Gillis TE. The influence of triiodothyronine on the immune response and extracellular matrix remodeling during zebrafish heart regeneration. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2025; 299:111769. [PMID: 39490638 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2024.111769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2024] [Revised: 09/30/2024] [Accepted: 10/01/2024] [Indexed: 11/05/2024]
Abstract
Damage to the human heart is an irreparable process that results in a permanent impairment in cardiac function. There are, however, a number of vertebrate species including zebrafish (Danio rerio) that can regenerate their hearts following significant injury. In contrast to these regenerative species, mammals are known to have high levels of thyroid hormones, which has been proposed to play a role in this difference in regenerative capacity. However, the mechanisms through which thyroid hormones effect heart regeneration are not fully understood. Here, zebrafish were exposed to exogenous triiodothyronine (T3) for two weeks and then their hearts were damaged through cryoinjury to investigate the effect of thyroid hormones on ECM remodeling and the components of the immune response during heart regeneration. Additionally, cardiac fibroblasts derived from trout, another species of fish known to display cardiac regenerative capacity, were exposed to T3in vitro to analyze any direct effects of T3 on collagen deposition. It was found that cryoinjury induction results in an increase in myocardial stiffness, but this response was muted in T3 exposed zebrafish. The measurement of relevant marker gene transcripts suggests that T3 exposure reduces the recruitment of macrophages to the damaged zebrafish heart immediately following injury but had no effect on the regulation of collagen deposition by cultured trout fibroblasts. These results suggest that T3 effects both the immune response and ECM remodeling in zebrafish following cardiac injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reece R B Long
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | - Jared B Shaftoe
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Todd E Gillis
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Cortada E, Yao J, Xia Y, Dündar F, Zumbo P, Yang B, Rubio-Navarro A, Perder B, Qiu M, Pettinato AM, Homan EA, Stoll L, Betel D, Cao J, Lo JC. Cross-species single-cell RNA-seq analysis reveals disparate and conserved cardiac and extracardiac inflammatory responses upon heart injury. Commun Biol 2024; 7:1611. [PMID: 39627536 PMCID: PMC11615278 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-07315-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2024] [Accepted: 11/22/2024] [Indexed: 12/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The immune system coordinates the response to cardiac injury and controls regenerative and fibrotic scar outcomes in the heart and subsequent chronic low-grade inflammation associated with heart failure. Adult mice and humans lack the ability to fully recover while adult zebrafish spontaneously regenerate after heart injury. Here we profile the inflammatory response to heart cryoinjury in zebrafish and coronary artery ligation in mouse using single cell transcriptomics. We interrogate the extracardiac reaction to cardiomyocyte necrosis to assess the specific peripheral tissue and immune cell reaction to chronic stress. Cardiac macrophages play a critical role in determining tissue homeostasis by healing versus scarring. We identify distinct transcriptional clusters of monocytes/macrophages (mono/Mϕ) in each species and find analogous pairs in zebrafish and mice. However, the reaction to myocardial injury is largely disparate between mice and zebrafish. The dichotomous response to heart damage between the murine and zebrafish mono/Mϕ and/or the presence of distinct zebrafish mono/Mϕ subtypes may underlie the impaired regenerative process in adult mammals and humans. Our study furnishes a direct cross-species comparison of immune responses between regenerative and profibrotic myocardial injury models, providing a useful resource to the fields of regenerative biology and cardiovascular research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric Cortada
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Weill Center for Metabolic Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jun Yao
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yu Xia
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Friederike Dündar
- Applied Bioinformatics Core, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Paul Zumbo
- Applied Bioinformatics Core, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Boris Yang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Weill Center for Metabolic Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alfonso Rubio-Navarro
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Weill Center for Metabolic Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Björn Perder
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Miaoyan Qiu
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anthony M Pettinato
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Weill Center for Metabolic Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Edwin A Homan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Weill Center for Metabolic Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lisa Stoll
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Weill Center for Metabolic Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Doron Betel
- Applied Bioinformatics Core, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
- Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Division of Hematology and Medical, Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Jingli Cao
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| | - James C Lo
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Weill Center for Metabolic Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wang ZY, Mehra A, Wang QC, Gupta S, Ribeiro da Silva A, Juan T, Günther S, Looso M, Detleffsen J, Stainier DYR, Marín-Juez R. flt1 inactivation promotes zebrafish cardiac regeneration by enhancing endothelial activity and limiting the fibrotic response. Development 2024; 151:dev203028. [PMID: 39612288 PMCID: PMC11634031 DOI: 10.1242/dev.203028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 10/22/2024] [Indexed: 12/01/2024]
Abstract
VEGFA administration has been explored as a pro-angiogenic therapy for cardiovascular diseases including heart failure for several years, but with little success. Here, we investigate a different approach to augment VEGFA bioavailability: by deleting the VEGFA decoy receptor VEGFR1 (also known as FLT1), one can achieve more physiological VEGFA concentrations. We find that after cryoinjury, zebrafish flt1 mutant hearts display enhanced coronary revascularization and endocardial expansion, increased cardiomyocyte dedifferentiation and proliferation, and decreased scarring. Suppressing Vegfa signaling in flt1 mutants abrogates these beneficial effects of flt1 deletion. Transcriptomic analyses of cryoinjured flt1 mutant hearts reveal enhanced endothelial MAPK/ERK signaling and downregulation of the transcription factor gene egr3. Using newly generated genetic tools, we observe egr3 upregulation in the regenerating endocardium, and find that Egr3 promotes myofibroblast differentiation. These data indicate that with enhanced Vegfa bioavailability, the endocardium limits myofibroblast differentiation via egr3 downregulation, thereby providing a more permissive microenvironment for cardiomyocyte replenishment after injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Yu Wang
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Ludwigstrasse 43, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Rhine-Main, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Armaan Mehra
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Ludwigstrasse 43, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Rhine-Main, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Qian-Chen Wang
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Ludwigstrasse 43, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Rhine-Main, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Savita Gupta
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Ludwigstrasse 43, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Rhine-Main, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Agatha Ribeiro da Silva
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Ludwigstrasse 43, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Rhine-Main, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Thomas Juan
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Ludwigstrasse 43, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Rhine-Main, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Stefan Günther
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Rhine-Main, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Bioinformatics and Deep Sequencing Platform, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Mario Looso
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Rhine-Main, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Bioinformatics Core Unit (BCU), Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Jan Detleffsen
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Rhine-Main, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Bioinformatics Core Unit (BCU), Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Didier Y. R. Stainier
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Ludwigstrasse 43, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Rhine-Main, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Rubén Marín-Juez
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine Research Center, 3175 Chemin de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, H3T 1C5 Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, H3T 1J4 Montréal, QC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Goumenaki P, Günther S, Kikhi K, Looso M, Marín-Juez R, Stainier DYR. The innate immune regulator MyD88 dampens fibrosis during zebrafish heart regeneration. NATURE CARDIOVASCULAR RESEARCH 2024; 3:1158-1176. [PMID: 39271818 PMCID: PMC11399109 DOI: 10.1038/s44161-024-00538-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024]
Abstract
The innate immune response is triggered rapidly after injury and its spatiotemporal dynamics are critical for regeneration; however, many questions remain about its exact role. Here we show that MyD88, a key component of the innate immune response, controls not only the inflammatory but also the fibrotic response during zebrafish cardiac regeneration. We find in cryoinjured myd88-/- ventricles a significant reduction in neutrophil and macrophage numbers and the expansion of a collagen-rich endocardial population. Further analyses reveal compromised PI3K/AKT pathway activation in the myd88-/- endocardium and increased myofibroblasts and scarring. Notably, endothelial-specific overexpression of myd88 reverses these neutrophil, fibrotic and scarring phenotypes. Mechanistically, we identify the endocardial-derived chemokine gene cxcl18b as a target of the MyD88 signaling pathway, and using loss-of-function and gain-of-function tools, we show that it controls neutrophil recruitment. Altogether, these findings shed light on the pivotal role of MyD88 in modulating inflammation and fibrosis during tissue regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pinelopi Goumenaki
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
- DZHK German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Rhine-Main, Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Stefan Günther
- DZHK German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Rhine-Main, Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Bioinformatics and Deep Sequencing Platform, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Khrievono Kikhi
- Flow Cytometry Service Group, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Mario Looso
- DZHK German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Rhine-Main, Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Bioinformatics Core Unit (BCU), Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Rubén Marín-Juez
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine Research Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Didier Y R Stainier
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany.
- DZHK German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Rhine-Main, Bad Nauheim, Germany.
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Bad Nauheim, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Lai ZY, Yang CC, Chen PH, Chen WC, Lai TY, Lu GY, Yang CY, Wang KY, Liu WC, Chen YC, Liu LYM, Chuang YJ. Syndecan-4 is required for early-stage repair responses during zebrafish heart regeneration. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:604. [PMID: 38700644 PMCID: PMC11068835 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09531-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The healing process after a myocardial infarction (MI) in humans involves complex events that replace damaged tissue with a fibrotic scar. The affected cardiac tissue may lose its function permanently. In contrast, zebrafish display a remarkable capacity for scar-free heart regeneration. Previous studies have revealed that syndecan-4 (SDC4) regulates inflammatory response and fibroblast activity following cardiac injury in higher vertebrates. However, whether and how Sdc4 regulates heart regeneration in highly regenerative zebrafish remains unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS This study showed that sdc4 expression was differentially regulated during zebrafish heart regeneration by transcriptional analysis. Specifically, sdc4 expression increased rapidly and transiently in the early regeneration phase upon ventricular cryoinjury. Moreover, the knockdown of sdc4 led to a significant reduction in extracellular matrix protein deposition, immune cell accumulation, and cell proliferation at the lesion site. The expression of tgfb1a and col1a1a, as well as the protein expression of Fibronectin, were all down-regulated under sdc4 knockdown. In addition, we verified that sdc4 expression was required for cardiac repair in zebrafish via in vivo electrocardiogram analysis. Loss of sdc4 expression caused an apparent pathological Q wave and ST elevation, which are signs of human MI patients. CONCLUSIONS Our findings support that Sdc4 is required to mediate pleiotropic repair responses in the early stage of zebrafish heart regeneration.
Collapse
Grants
- MOST 110-2311-B-007-005-MY3 Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan
- MOST 110-2311-B-007-005-MY3 Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan
- MOST 110-2311-B-007-005-MY3 Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan
- MOST 110-2311-B-007-005-MY3 Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan
- MOST 110-2311-B-007-005-MY3 Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan
- MOST 110-2311-B-007-005-MY3 Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan
- MOST 110-2311-B-007-005-MY3 Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan
- MOST 110-2311-B-007-005-MY3 Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan
- MOST 110-2311-B-007-005-MY3 Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan
- MOST 110-2311-B-007-005-MY3 Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan
- MOST 110-2311-B-007-005-MY3 Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan
- MOST 110-2311-B-007-005-MY3 Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zih-Yin Lai
- School of Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300044, Taiwan, ROC
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300044, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chung-Chi Yang
- School of Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300044, Taiwan, ROC
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300044, Taiwan, ROC
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Taoyuan Armed Forces General Hospital, Taoyuan City, 325208, Taiwan, ROC
- Cardiovascular Division, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City, 114201, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Po-Hsun Chen
- School of Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300044, Taiwan, ROC
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300044, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Wei-Chen Chen
- School of Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300044, Taiwan, ROC
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300044, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ting-Yu Lai
- School of Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300044, Taiwan, ROC
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300044, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Guan-Yun Lu
- School of Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300044, Taiwan, ROC
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300044, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chiao-Yu Yang
- School of Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300044, Taiwan, ROC
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300044, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ko-Ying Wang
- School of Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300044, Taiwan, ROC
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300044, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Wei-Cen Liu
- School of Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300044, Taiwan, ROC
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300044, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yu-Chieh Chen
- School of Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300044, Taiwan, ROC
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300044, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Lawrence Yu-Min Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Hsinchu MacKay Memorial Hospital, Hsinchu, 300044, Taiwan, ROC.
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, 252005, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Yung-Jen Chuang
- School of Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300044, Taiwan, ROC.
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Structural Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300044, Taiwan, ROC.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Harrington A, Moore-Morris T. Cardiac fibroblasts in heart failure and regeneration. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1388378. [PMID: 38699159 PMCID: PMC11063332 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1388378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
In heart disease patients, myocyte loss or malfunction invariably leads to fibrosis, involving the activation and accumulation of cardiac fibroblasts that deposit large amounts of extracellular matrix. Apart from the vital replacement fibrosis that follows myocardial infarction, ensuring structural integrity of the heart, cardiac fibrosis is largely considered to be maladaptive. Much work has focused on signaling pathways driving the fibrotic response, including TGF-β signaling and biomechanical strain. However, currently there are very limited options for reducing cardiac fibrosis, with most patients suffering from chronic fibrosis. The adult heart has very limited regenerative capacity. However, cardiac regeneration has been reported in humans perinatally, and reproduced experimentally in neonatal mice. Furthermore, model organisms such as the zebrafish are able to fully regenerate their hearts following massive cardiac damage into adulthood. Increasing evidence points to a transient immuno-fibrotic response as being key for cardiac regeneration to occur. The mechanisms at play in this context are changing our views on fibrosis, and could be leveraged to promote beneficial remodeling in heart failure patients. This review summarizes our current knowledge of fibroblast properties associated with the healthy, failing or regenerating heart. Furthermore, we explore how cardiac fibroblast activity could be targeted to assist future therapeutic approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas Moore-Morris
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Constanty F, Wu B, Wei KH, Lin IT, Dallmann J, Guenther S, Lautenschlaeger T, Priya R, Lai SL, Stainier DYR, Beisaw A. Border-zone cardiomyocytes and macrophages contribute to remodeling of the extracellular matrix to promote cardiomyocyte invasion during zebrafish cardiac regeneration. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.12.584570. [PMID: 38559277 PMCID: PMC10980021 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.12.584570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Despite numerous advances in our understanding of zebrafish cardiac regeneration, an aspect that remains less studied is how regenerating cardiomyocytes invade, and eventually replace, the collagen-containing fibrotic tissue following injury. Here, we provide an in-depth analysis of the process of cardiomyocyte invasion using live-imaging and histological approaches. We observed close interactions between protruding cardiomyocytes and macrophages at the wound border zone, and macrophage-deficient irf8 mutant zebrafish exhibited defects in extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling and cardiomyocyte protrusion into the injured area. Using a resident macrophage ablation model, we show that defects in ECM remodeling at the border zone and subsequent cardiomyocyte protrusion can be partly attributed to a population of resident macrophages. Single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis of cells at the wound border revealed a population of cardiomyocytes and macrophages with fibroblast-like gene expression signatures, including the expression of genes encoding ECM structural proteins and ECM-remodeling proteins. The expression of mmp14b , which encodes a membrane-anchored matrix metalloproteinase, was restricted to cells in the border zone, including cardiomyocytes, macrophages, fibroblasts, and endocardial/endothelial cells. Genetic deletion of mmp14b led to a decrease in 1) macrophage recruitment to the border zone, 2) collagen degradation at the border zone, and 3) subsequent cardiomyocyte invasion. Furthermore, cardiomyocyte-specific overexpression of mmp14b was sufficient to enhance cardiomyocyte invasion into the injured tissue and along the apical surface of the wound. Altogether, our data shed important insights into the process of cardiomyocyte invasion of the collagen-containing injured tissue during cardiac regeneration. They further suggest that cardiomyocytes and resident macrophages contribute to ECM remodeling at the border zone to promote cardiomyocyte replenishment of the fibrotic injured tissue.
Collapse
|
12
|
Tan FH, Bronner ME. Regenerative loss in the animal kingdom as viewed from the mouse digit tip and heart. Dev Biol 2024; 507:44-63. [PMID: 38145727 PMCID: PMC10922877 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2023.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
The myriad regenerative abilities across the animal kingdom have fascinated us for centuries. Recent advances in developmental, molecular, and cellular biology have allowed us to unearth a surprising diversity of mechanisms through which these processes occur. Developing an all-encompassing theory of animal regeneration has thus proved a complex endeavor. In this chapter, we frame the evolution and loss of animal regeneration within the broad developmental constraints that may physiologically inhibit regenerative ability across animal phylogeny. We then examine the mouse as a model of regeneration loss, specifically the experimental systems of the digit tip and heart. We discuss the digit tip and heart as a positionally-limited system of regeneration and a temporally-limited system of regeneration, respectively. We delve into the physiological processes involved in both forms of regeneration, and how each phase of the healing and regenerative process may be affected by various molecular signals, systemic changes, or microenvironmental cues. Lastly, we also discuss the various approaches and interventions used to induce or improve the regenerative response in both contexts, and the implications they have for our understanding regenerative ability more broadly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fayth Hui Tan
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Marianne E Bronner
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Hao DJ, Qin Y, Zhou SJ, Dong BH, Yang JS, Zou P, Wang LP, Zhao YT. Hapln1 promotes dedifferentiation and proliferation of iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes by promoting versican-based GDF11 trapping. J Pharm Anal 2024; 14:335-347. [PMID: 38618242 PMCID: PMC11010450 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2023.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Hyaluronan and proteoglycan link protein 1 (Hapln1) supports active cardiomyogenesis in zebrafish hearts, but its regulation in mammal cardiomyocytes is unclear. This study aimed to explore the potential regulation of Hapln1 in the dedifferentiation and proliferation of cardiomyocytes and its therapeutic value in myocardial infarction with human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived cardiomyocytes (CMs) and an adult mouse model of myocardial infarction. HiPSC-CMs and adult mice with myocardial infarction were used as in vitro and in vivo models, respectively. Previous single-cell RNA sequencing data were retrieved for bioinformatic exploration. The results showed that recombinant human Hapln1 (rhHapln1) promotes the proliferation of hiPSC-CMs in a dose-dependent manner. As a physical binding protein of Hapln1, versican interacted with Nodal growth differentiation factor (NODAL) and growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11). GDF11, but not NODAL, was expressed by hiPSC-CMs. GDF11 expression was unaffected by rhHapln1 treatment. However, this molecule was required for rhHapln1-mediated activation of the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β/Drosophila mothers against decapentaplegic protein (SMAD)2/3 signaling in hiPSC-CMs, which stimulates cell dedifferentiation and proliferation. Recombinant mouse Hapln1 (rmHapln1) could induce cardiac regeneration in the adult mouse model of myocardial infarction. In addition, rmHapln1 induced hiPSC-CM proliferation. In conclusion, Hapln1 can stimulate the dedifferentiation and proliferation of iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes by promoting versican-based GDF11 trapping and subsequent activation of the TGF-β/SMAD2/3 signaling pathway. Hapln1 might be an effective hiPSC-CM dedifferentiation and proliferation agent and a potential reagent for repairing damaged hearts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ding-Jun Hao
- Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Yue Qin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Shi-Jie Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Bu-Huai Dong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Jun-Song Yang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Peng Zou
- Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Li-Ping Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Yuan-Ting Zhao
- Department of Spine Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Oudhoff H, Hisler V, Baumgartner F, Rees L, Grepper D, Jaźwińska A. Skeletal muscle regeneration after extensive cryoinjury of caudal myomeres in adult zebrafish. NPJ Regen Med 2024; 9:8. [PMID: 38378693 PMCID: PMC10879182 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-024-00351-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscles can regenerate after minor injuries, but severe structural damage often leads to fibrosis in mammals. Whether adult zebrafish possess the capacity to reproduce profoundly destroyed musculature remains unknown. Here, a new cryoinjury model revealed that several myomeres efficiently regenerated within one month after wounding the zebrafish caudal peduncle. Wound clearance involved accumulation of the selective autophagy receptor p62, an immune response and Collagen XII deposition. New muscle formation was associated with proliferation of Pax7 expressing muscle stem cells, which gave rise to MyoD1 positive myogenic precursors, followed by myofiber differentiation. Monitoring of slow and fast muscles revealed their coordinated replacement in the superficial and profound compartments of the myomere. However, the final boundary between the muscular components was imperfectly recapitulated, allowing myofibers of different identities to intermingle. The replacement of connective with sarcomeric tissues required TOR signaling, as rapamycin treatment impaired new muscle formation, leading to persistent fibrosis. The model of zebrafish myomere restoration may provide new medical perspectives for treatment of traumatic injuries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik Oudhoff
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 10, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Vincent Hisler
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 10, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Florian Baumgartner
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 10, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Lana Rees
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 10, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Dogan Grepper
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 10, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Anna Jaźwińska
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 10, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Nakamura M, Kyoda T, Yoshida H, Takebayashi-Suzuki K, Koike R, Takahashi E, Moriyama Y, Wlizla M, Horb ME, Suzuki A. Injury-induced cooperation of InhibinβA and JunB is essential for cell proliferation in Xenopus tadpole tail regeneration. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3679. [PMID: 38355764 PMCID: PMC10867027 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54280-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
In animal species that have the capability of regenerating tissues and limbs, cell proliferation is enhanced after wound healing and is essential for the reconstruction of injured tissue. Although the ability to induce cell proliferation is a common feature of such species, the molecular mechanisms that regulate the transition from wound healing to regenerative cell proliferation remain unclear. Here, we show that upon injury, InhibinβA and JunB cooperatively function for this transition during Xenopus tadpole tail regeneration. We found that the expression of inhibin subunit beta A (inhba) and junB proto-oncogene (junb) is induced by injury-activated TGF-β/Smad and MEK/ERK signaling in regenerating tails. Similarly to junb knockout (KO) tadpoles, inhba KO tadpoles show a delay in tail regeneration, and inhba/junb double KO (DKO) tadpoles exhibit severe impairment of tail regeneration compared with either inhba KO or junb KO tadpoles. Importantly, this impairment is associated with a significant reduction of cell proliferation in regenerating tissue. Moreover, JunB regulates tail regeneration via FGF signaling, while InhibinβA likely acts through different mechanisms. These results demonstrate that the cooperation of injury-induced InhibinβA and JunB is critical for regenerative cell proliferation, which is necessary for re-outgrowth of regenerating Xenopus tadpole tails.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Nakamura
- Amphibian Research Center, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, 555 Mission Bay Boulevard South, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Tatsuya Kyoda
- Amphibian Research Center, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Yoshida
- National Xenopus Resource and Eugene Bell Center for Regenerative Biology and Tissue Engineering, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA, 02543, USA
| | - Kimiko Takebayashi-Suzuki
- Amphibian Research Center, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
| | - Ryota Koike
- Amphibian Research Center, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
| | - Eri Takahashi
- Amphibian Research Center, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
| | - Yuka Moriyama
- Amphibian Research Center, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
| | - Marcin Wlizla
- National Xenopus Resource and Eugene Bell Center for Regenerative Biology and Tissue Engineering, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA, 02543, USA
- Embryology, Charles River Laboratories, Wilmington, MA, 01887, USA
| | - Marko E Horb
- National Xenopus Resource and Eugene Bell Center for Regenerative Biology and Tissue Engineering, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA, 02543, USA
| | - Atsushi Suzuki
- Amphibian Research Center, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Weinberger M, Simões FC, Gungoosingh T, Sauka-Spengler T, Riley PR. Distinct epicardial gene regulatory programs drive development and regeneration of the zebrafish heart. Dev Cell 2024; 59:351-367.e6. [PMID: 38237592 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2023.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Unlike the adult mammalian heart, which has limited regenerative capacity, the zebrafish heart fully regenerates following injury. Reactivation of cardiac developmental programs is considered key to successfully regenerating the heart, yet the regulation underlying the response to injury remains elusive. Here, we compared the transcriptome and epigenome of the developing and regenerating zebrafish epicardia. We identified epicardial enhancer elements with specific activity during development or during adult heart regeneration. By generating gene regulatory networks associated with epicardial development and regeneration, we inferred genetic programs driving each of these processes, which were largely distinct. Loss of Hif1ab, Nrf1, Tbx2b, and Zbtb7a, central regulators of the regenerating epicardial network, in injured hearts resulted in elevated epicardial cell numbers infiltrating the wound and excess fibrosis after cryoinjury. Our work identifies differences between the regulatory blueprint deployed during epicardial development and regeneration, underlining that heart regeneration goes beyond the reactivation of developmental programs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Weinberger
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Institute of Developmental & Regenerative Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7TY, Oxfordshire, UK; Radcliffe Department of Medicine, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Filipa C Simões
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Institute of Developmental & Regenerative Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7TY, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Trishalee Gungoosingh
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Institute of Developmental & Regenerative Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7TY, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Tatjana Sauka-Spengler
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, Oxfordshire, UK; Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, USA.
| | - Paul R Riley
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Institute of Developmental & Regenerative Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7TY, Oxfordshire, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Hsu WL, Lin YC, Lin MJ, Wang YW, Lee SJ. Macrophages enhance regeneration of lateral line neuromast derived from interneuromast cells through TGF-β in zebrafish. Dev Growth Differ 2024; 66:133-144. [PMID: 38281811 DOI: 10.1111/dgd.12911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Macrophages play a pivotal role in the response to injury, contributing significantly to the repair and regrowth of damaged tissues. The external lateral line system in aquatic organisms offers a practical model for studying regeneration, featuring interneuromast cells connecting sensory neuromasts. Under normal conditions, these cells remain dormant, but their transformation into neuromasts occurs when overcoming inhibitory signals from Schwann cells and posterior lateral line nerves. The mechanism enabling interneuromast cells to evade inhibition by Schwann cells remains unclear. Previous observations suggest that macrophages physically interact with neuromasts, nerves, and Schwann cells during regeneration. This interaction leads to the regeneration of neuromasts in a subset of zebrafish with ablated neuromasts. To explore whether macrophages achieve this effect through secreted cytokines, we conducted experiments involving tail amputation in zebrafish larvae and tested the impact of cytokine inhibitors on neuromast regeneration. Most injured larvae remarkably regenerated a neuromast within 4 days post-amputation. Intriguingly, removal of macrophages and inhibition of the anti-inflammatory cytokine transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) significantly delayed neuromast regeneration. Conversely, inhibition of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) had minor effects on the regeneration process. This study provides insights into how macrophages activate interneuromast cells, elucidating the pathways underlying neuromast regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Lin Hsu
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chi Lin
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Ju Lin
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Wen Wang
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shyh-Jye Lee
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Research Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Center for Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Yu C, Li X, Ma J, Liang S, Zhao Y, Li Q, Zhang R. Spatiotemporal modulation of nitric oxide and Notch signaling by hemodynamic-responsive Trpv4 is essential for ventricle regeneration. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:60. [PMID: 38279064 PMCID: PMC10817848 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-05092-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Zebrafish have a remarkable ability to regenerate injured hearts. Altered hemodynamic forces after larval ventricle ablation activate the endocardial Klf2a-Notch signaling cascade to direct zebrafish cardiac regeneration. However, how the heart perceives blood flow changes and initiates signaling pathways promoting regeneration is not fully understood. The present study demonstrated that the mechanosensitive channel Trpv4 sensed the altered hemodynamic forces in injured hearts and its expression was regulated by blood flow. In addition to mediating the endocardial Klf2a-Notch signal cascade around the atrioventricular canal (AVC), we discovered that Trpv4 regulated nitric oxide (NO) signaling in the bulbus arteriosus (BA). Further experiments indicated that Notch signaling primarily acted at the early stage of regeneration, and the major role of NO signaling was at the late stage and through TGF-β pathway. Overall, our findings revealed that mechanosensitive channels perceived the changes in hemodynamics after ventricle injury, and provide novel insights into the temporal and spatial coordination of multiple signaling pathways regulating heart regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunxiao Yu
- TaiKang Medical School, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Xueyu Li
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Jinmin Ma
- Medical Frontier Innovation Research Center, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Shuzhang Liang
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- TaiKang Medical School, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Qi Li
- TaiKang Medical School, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Ruilin Zhang
- TaiKang Medical School, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
- Institute of Myocardial Injury and Repair, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan, 430071, China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Frangogiannis NG. TGF-β as a therapeutic target in the infarcted and failing heart: cellular mechanisms, challenges, and opportunities. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2024; 28:45-56. [PMID: 38329809 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2024.2316735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Myocardial fibrosis accompanies most cardiac conditions and can be reparative or maladaptive. Transforming Growth Factor (TGF)-β is a potent fibrogenic mediator, involved in repair, remodeling, and fibrosis of the injured heart. AREAS COVERED This review manuscript discusses the role of TGF-β in heart failure focusing on cellular mechanisms and therapeutic implications. TGF-β is activated in infarcted, remodeling and failing hearts. In addition to its fibrogenic actions, TGF-β has a broad range of effects on cardiomyocytes, immune, and vascular cells that may have both protective and detrimental consequences. TGF-β-mediated effects on macrophages promote anti-inflammatory transition, whereas actions on fibroblasts mediate reparative scar formation and effects on pericytes are involved in maturation of infarct neovessels. On the other hand, TGF-β actions on cardiomyocytes promote adverse remodeling, and prolonged activation of TGF-β signaling in fibroblasts stimulates progression of fibrosis and heart failure. EXPERT OPINION Understanding of the cell-specific actions of TGF-β is necessary to design therapeutic strategies in patients with myocardial disease. Moreover, to implement therapeutic interventions in the heterogeneous population of heart failure patients, mechanism-driven classification of both HFrEF and HFpEF patients is needed. Heart failure patients with prolonged or overactive fibrogenic TGF-β responses may benefit from cautious TGF-β inhibition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos G Frangogiannis
- The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Yang X, Li L, Zeng C, Wang WE. The characteristics of proliferative cardiomyocytes in mammals. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2023; 185:50-64. [PMID: 37918322 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2023.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Better understanding of the mechanisms regulating the proliferation of pre-existing cardiomyocyte (CM) should lead to better options for regenerating injured myocardium. The absence of a perfect research model to definitively identify newly formed mammalian CMs is lacking. However, methodologies are being developed to identify and enrich proliferative CMs. These methods take advantages of the different proliferative states of CMs during postnatal development, before and after injury in the neonatal heart. New approaches use CMs labeled in lineage tracing animals or single cell technique-based CM clusters. This review aims to provide a timely update on the characteristics of the proliferative CMs, including their structural, functional, genetic, epigenetic and metabolic characteristics versus non-proliferative CMs. A better understanding of the characteristics of proliferative CMs should lead to the mechanisms for inducing endogenous CMs to self-renew, which is a promising therapeutic strategy to treat cardiac diseases that cause CM death in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Yang
- Department of Geriatrics, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Liangpeng Li
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Chunyu Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China.
| | - Wei Eric Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Lee J, Lee BK, Gross JM. Brd activity regulates Müller glia-dependent retinal regeneration in zebrafish. Glia 2023; 71:2866-2883. [PMID: 37584502 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
The zebrafish retina possesses tremendous regenerative potential. Müller glia underlie retinal regeneration through their ability to reprogram and generate multipotent neuronal progenitors that re-differentiate into lost neurons. Many factors required for Müller glia reprogramming and proliferation have been identified; however, we know little about the epigenetic and transcriptional regulation of these genes during regeneration. Here, we determined whether transcriptional regulation by members of the Bromodomain (Brd) family is required for Müller glia-dependent retinal regeneration. Our data demonstrate that three brd genes were expressed in Müller glia upon injury. brd2a and brd2b were expressed in all Müller glia and brd4 was expressed only in reprogramming Müller glia. Utilizing (+)-JQ1, a pharmacological inhibitor of Brd function, we demonstrate that transcriptional regulation by Brds plays a critical role in Müller glia reprogramming and regeneration. (+)-JQ1 treatment prevented cell cycle re-entry of Müller glia and the generation of neurogenic progenitors. Modulating the (+)-JQ1 exposure window, we identified the first 48 h post-injury as the time-period during which Müller glia reprogramming occurs. (+)-JQ1 treatments after 48 h post-injury had no effect on the re-differentiation of UV cones, indicating that Brd function is required only for Müller glia reprogramming and not subsequent specification/differentiation events. Brd inhibition also prevented the expression of reprogramming genes like ascl1a and lepb in Müller glia, but not effector genes like mmp9, nor did it affect microglial recruitment after injury. These results demonstrate that transcriptional regulation by Brds plays a critical role during Müller glia-dependent retinal regeneration in zebrafish.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiwoon Lee
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Developmental Biology, Louis J. Fox Center for Vision Restoration, The University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Bum-Kyu Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cancer Research Center, University at Albany, State University of New York, Rensselaer, New York, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Gross
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Developmental Biology, Louis J. Fox Center for Vision Restoration, The University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Zuppo DA, Missinato MA, Santana-Santos L, Li G, Benos PV, Tsang M. Foxm1 regulates cardiomyocyte proliferation in adult zebrafish after cardiac injury. Development 2023; 150:dev201163. [PMID: 36846912 PMCID: PMC10108034 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
The regenerative capacity of the mammalian heart is poor, with one potential reason being that adult cardiomyocytes cannot proliferate at sufficient levels to replace lost tissue. During development and neonatal stages, cardiomyocytes can successfully divide under injury conditions; however, as these cells mature their ability to proliferate is lost. Therefore, understanding the regulatory programs that can induce post-mitotic cardiomyocytes into a proliferative state is essential to enhance cardiac regeneration. Here, we report that the forkhead transcription factor Foxm1 is required for cardiomyocyte proliferation after injury through transcriptional regulation of cell cycle genes. Transcriptomic analysis of injured zebrafish hearts revealed that foxm1 expression is increased in border zone cardiomyocytes. Decreased cardiomyocyte proliferation and expression of cell cycle genes in foxm1 mutant hearts was observed, suggesting it is required for cell cycle checkpoints. Subsequent analysis of a candidate Foxm1 target gene, cenpf, revealed that this microtubule and kinetochore binding protein is also required for cardiac regeneration. Moreover, cenpf mutants show increased cardiomyocyte binucleation. Thus, foxm1 and cenpf are required for cardiomyocytes to complete mitosis during zebrafish cardiac regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A. Zuppo
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Maria A. Missinato
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Avidity Biosciences, 10578 Science Center Dr. Suite 125, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Lucas Santana-Santos
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Guang Li
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Panayiotis V. Benos
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Michael Tsang
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Humeres C, Venugopal H, Frangogiannis NG. The Role of Mechanosensitive Signaling Cascades in Repair and Fibrotic Remodeling of the Infarcted Heart. CARDIAC AND VASCULAR BIOLOGY 2023:61-100. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-23965-6_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2025]
|
24
|
Sorbini M, Arab S, Soni T, Frisiras A, Mehta S. How can the adult zebrafish and neonatal mice teach us about stimulating cardiac regeneration in the human heart? Regen Med 2023; 18:85-99. [PMID: 36416596 DOI: 10.2217/rme-2022-0161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The proliferative capacity of mammalian cardiomyocytes diminishes shortly after birth. In contrast, adult zebrafish and neonatal mice can regenerate cardiac tissues, highlighting new potential therapeutic avenues. Different factors have been found to promote cardiomyocyte proliferation in zebrafish and neonatal mice; these include maintenance of mononuclear and diploid cardiomyocytes and upregulation of the proto-oncogene c-Myc. The growth factor NRG-1 controls cell proliferation and interacts with the Hippo-Yap pathway to modulate regeneration. Key components of the extracellular matrix such as Agrin are also crucial for cardiac regeneration. Novel therapies explored in this review, include intramyocardial injection of Agrin or zebrafish-ECM and NRG-1 administration. These therapies may induce regeneration in patients and should be further explored.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michela Sorbini
- Barts and the London School of Medicien and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, E1 2AD, London, UK.,Imperial College School of Medicine, SW7 2AZ, London, UK
| | - Sammy Arab
- Imperial College School of Medicine, SW7 2AZ, London, UK
| | - Tara Soni
- Imperial College School of Medicine, SW7 2AZ, London, UK
| | | | - Samay Mehta
- Imperial College School of Medicine, SW7 2AZ, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Xia Y, Duca S, Perder B, Dündar F, Zumbo P, Qiu M, Yao J, Cao Y, Harrison MRM, Zangi L, Betel D, Cao J. Activation of a transient progenitor state in the epicardium is required for zebrafish heart regeneration. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7704. [PMID: 36513650 PMCID: PMC9747719 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35433-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The epicardium, a mesothelial cell tissue that encompasses vertebrate hearts, supports heart regeneration after injury through paracrine effects and as a source of multipotent progenitors. However, the progenitor state in the adult epicardium has yet to be defined. Through single-cell RNA-sequencing of isolated epicardial cells from uninjured and regenerating adult zebrafish hearts, we define the epithelial and mesenchymal subsets of the epicardium. We further identify a transiently activated epicardial progenitor cell (aEPC) subpopulation marked by ptx3a and col12a1b expression. Upon cardiac injury, aEPCs emerge from the epithelial epicardium, migrate to enclose the wound, undergo epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and differentiate into mural cells and pdgfra+hapln1a+ mesenchymal epicardial cells. These EMT and differentiation processes are regulated by the Tgfβ pathway. Conditional ablation of aEPCs blocks heart regeneration through reduced nrg1 expression and mesenchymal cell number. Our findings identify a transient progenitor population of the adult epicardium that is indispensable for heart regeneration and highlight it as a potential target for enhancing cardiac repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Xia
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Sierra Duca
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Björn Perder
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Friederike Dündar
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Applied Bioinformatics Core, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Paul Zumbo
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Applied Bioinformatics Core, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Miaoyan Qiu
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Jun Yao
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Yingxi Cao
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Michael R M Harrison
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Lior Zangi
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Doron Betel
- Applied Bioinformatics Core, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Jingli Cao
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
P66Shc (Shc1) Zebrafish Mutant Line as a Platform for Testing Decreased Reactive Oxygen Species in Pathology. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2022; 9:jcdd9110385. [DOI: 10.3390/jcdd9110385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) dysregulation exacerbates many pathologies but must remain within normal ranges to maintain cell function. Since ROS-mediated pathology and routine cell function are coupled, in vivo models evaluating low-ROS background effects on pathology are limited. Some models alter enzymatic antioxidant expression/activity, while others involve small molecule antioxidant administration. These models cause non-specific ROS neutralization, decreasing both beneficial and detrimental ROS. This is detrimental in cardiovascular pathology, despite the negative effects excessive ROS has on these pathologies. Thus, current trends in ROS-mediated pathology have shifted toward selective inhibition of ROS producers that are dysregulated during pathological insults, such as p66Shc. In this study, we evaluated a zebrafish heterozygote p66Shc hypomorphic mutant line as a low-ROS myocardial infarction (MI) pathology model that mimics mammalian MI. Our findings suggest this zebrafish line does not have an associated negative phenotype, but has decreased body mass and tissue ROS levels that confer protection against ROS-mediated pathology. Therefore, this line may provide a low-ROS background leading to new insights into disease.
Collapse
|
27
|
Widjaja AA, Viswanathan S, Wei Ting JG, Tan J, Shekeran SG, Carling D, Lim WW, Cook SA. IL11 stimulates ERK/P90RSK to inhibit LKB1/AMPK and activate mTOR initiating a mesenchymal program in stromal, epithelial, and cancer cells. iScience 2022; 25:104806. [PMID: 35992082 PMCID: PMC9386112 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
IL11 initiates fibroblast activation but also causes epithelial cell dysfunction. The mechanisms underlying these processes are not known. We report that IL11-stimulated ERK/P90RSK activity causes the phosphorylation of LKB1 at S325 and S428, leading to its inactivation. This inhibits AMPK and activates mTOR across cell types. In stromal cells, IL11-stimulated ERK activity inhibits LKB1/AMPK which is associated with mTOR activation, ⍺SMA expression, and myofibroblast transformation. In hepatocytes and epithelial cells, IL11/ERK activity inhibits LKB1/AMPK leading to mTOR activation, SNAI1 expression, and cell dysfunction. Across cells, IL11-induced phenotypes were inhibited by metformin stimulated AMPK activation. In mice, genetic or pharmacologic manipulation of IL11 activity revealed a critical role of IL11/ERK signaling for LKB1/AMPK inhibition and mTOR activation in fatty liver disease. These data identify the IL11/mTOR axis as a signaling commonality in stromal, epithelial, and cancer cells and reveal a shared IL11-driven mesenchymal program across cell types.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anissa A Widjaja
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Sivakumar Viswanathan
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Joyce Goh Wei Ting
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Jessie Tan
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore 169609, Singapore
| | - Shamini G Shekeran
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - David Carling
- MRC-London Institute of Medical Sciences, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Wei-Wen Lim
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857, Singapore.,National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore 169609, Singapore
| | - Stuart A Cook
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857, Singapore.,National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore 169609, Singapore.,MRC-London Institute of Medical Sciences, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London W12 0NN, UK
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Zuo Z, Wang S, Wang Q, Wang D, Wu Q, Xie S, Zou J. Effects of partial replacement of dietary flour meal with seaweed polysaccharides on the resistance to ammonia stress in the intestine of hybrid snakehead (Channa maculatus ♀ × Channa argus ♂). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 127:271-279. [PMID: 35753557 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of partial replacement of dietary flour meal with seaweed polysaccharides on survival rate, histology, intestinal oxidative stress levels, and expression of immune-related genes in hybrid snakeheads under acute ammonia stress. Four experimental diets were set: (C) basal diet with 0% of seaweed polysaccharides as the control group, (MR) basal diet with 10% of seaweed polysaccharides, (HR) basal diet with 15% of seaweed polysaccharides, (HF) basal diet with 10% of fish oil. After 60 days of feeding, fish fed with the diet of C group were sampled as the control group, and other fish were exposed to ammonia nitrogen for 48 h. Two concentrations of total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) were used in this study: 120 mg/L TAN (low concentration exposure group), and 1200 mg/L TAN (high concentration exposure group). After exposure to ammonia nitrogen for 48 h, fish were sampled. The results indicated that adding seaweed polysaccharides to the diet could improve the survival rate of hybrid snakeheads under high concentration of ammonia stress. Histopathological analysis demonstrated multiple abnormalities in gills and intestines after exposure to two concentrations of TAN. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were all increased in the MR group under two concentrations of TAN stress. The mRNA abundance of immune-related genes in fish intestinal tissues was significantly induced or inhibited. These results suggested that partial replacement of dietary flour meal with seaweed polysaccharides improved the ability of hybrid snakeheads to resist ammonia stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiheng Zuo
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Shaodan Wang
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Qiujie Wang
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Dongjie Wang
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Qiuping Wu
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Shaolin Xie
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Jixing Zou
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Sun J, Peterson EA, Jiao C, Chen X, Zhao Y, Wang J. Zebrafish heart regeneration after coronary dysfunction-induced cardiac damage. Dev Biol 2022; 487:57-66. [PMID: 35490764 PMCID: PMC11017783 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2022.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Over the past 20 years, various zebrafish injury models demonstrated efficient heart regeneration after cardiac tissue loss. However, no established coronary vessel injury methods exist in the zebrafish model, despite coronary endothelial dysfunction occurring in most patients with acute coronary syndrome. This is due to difficulties performing surgery on small coronary vessels and a lack of genetic tools to precisely manipulate coronary cells in zebrafish. We determined that the Notch ligand gene deltaC regulatory sequences drive gene expression in zebrafish coronary endothelial cells, enabling us to overcome these obstacles. We created a deltaC fluorescent reporter line and visualized robust coronary growth during heart development and regeneration. Importantly, this reporter facilitated the visualization of coronary growth without an endocardial background. Moreover, we visualized robust coronary growth on the surface of juvenile hearts and regrowth in the wounded area of adult hearts ex vivo. With this approach, we observed growth inhibition by reported vascular growth antagonists of the VEGF, EGF and Notch signaling pathways. Furthermore, we established a coronary genetic ablation system and observed that severe coronary endothelial cell loss resulted in fish death, whereas fish survived mild coronary cell loss. Coronary cell depletion triggered regenerative responses, which resulted in the restoration of damaged cardiac tissues within several weeks. Overall, our work demonstrated the efficacy of using deltaC regulatory elements for high-resolution visualization of the coronary endothelium; screening small molecules for coronary growth effects; and revealed complete recovery in adult zebrafish after coronary-induced heart damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jisheng Sun
- Division of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Peterson
- Division of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Cheng Jiao
- Division of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Xin Chen
- Division of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Yun Zhao
- Division of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Jinhu Wang
- Division of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Ross Stewart KM, Walker SL, Baker AH, Riley PR, Brittan M. Hooked on heart regeneration: the zebrafish guide to recovery. Cardiovasc Res 2022; 118:1667-1679. [PMID: 34164652 PMCID: PMC9215194 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
While humans lack sufficient capacity to undergo cardiac regeneration following injury, zebrafish can fully recover from a range of cardiac insults. Over the past two decades, our understanding of the complexities of both the independent and co-ordinated injury responses by multiple cardiac tissues during zebrafish heart regeneration has increased exponentially. Although cardiomyocyte regeneration forms the cornerstone of the reparative process in the injured zebrafish heart, recent studies have shown that this is dependent on prior neovascularization and lymphangiogenesis, which in turn require epicardial, endocardial, and inflammatory cell signalling within an extracellular milieu that is optimized for regeneration. Indeed, it is the amalgamation of multiple regenerative systems and gene regulatory patterns that drives the much-heralded success of the adult zebrafish response to cardiac injury. Increasing evidence supports the emerging paradigm that developmental transcriptional programmes are re-activated during adult tissue regeneration, including in the heart, and the zebrafish represents an optimal model organism to explore this concept. In this review, we summarize recent advances from the zebrafish cardiovascular research community with novel insight into the mechanisms associated with endogenous cardiovascular repair and regeneration, which may be of benefit to inform future strategies for patients with cardiovascular disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine M Ross Stewart
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Sophie L Walker
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Andrew H Baker
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Paul R Riley
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Genetics, University of Oxford, Sherrington Building, Sherrington Rd, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Mairi Brittan
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Cucu I, Nicolescu MI, Busnatu ȘS, Manole CG. Dynamic Involvement of Telocytes in Modulating Multiple Signaling Pathways in Cardiac Cytoarchitecture. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:5769. [PMID: 35628576 PMCID: PMC9143034 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac interstitium is a complex and dynamic environment, vital for normal cardiac structure and function. Telocytes are active cellular players in regulating main events that feature myocardial homeostasis and orchestrating its involvement in heart pathology. Despite the great amount of data suggesting (microscopically, proteomically, genetically, etc.) the implications of telocytes in the different physiological and reparatory/regenerative processes of the heart, understanding their involvement in realizing the heart's mature cytoarchitecture is still at its dawn. Our scrutiny of the recent literature gave clearer insights into the implications of telocytes in the WNT signaling pathway, but also TGFB and PI3K/AKT pathways that, inter alia, conduct cardiomyocytes differentiation, maturation and final integration into heart adult architecture. These data also strengthen evidence for telocytes as promising candidates for cellular therapies in various heart pathologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ioana Cucu
- Faculty of Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Mihnea Ioan Nicolescu
- Division of Histology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Laboratory of Radiobiology, “Victor Babeș” National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ștefan-Sebastian Busnatu
- Department of Cardiology-“Bagdasar Arseni” Emergency Clinical Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 041915 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cătălin Gabriel Manole
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania;
- Laboratory of Ultrastructural Pathology, “Victor Babeș” National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Reconstruction of regulatory network predicts transcription factors driving the dynamics of zebrafish heart regeneration. Gene X 2022; 819:146242. [PMID: 35114280 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The limited regenerative capacity in mammals has serious implications for cardiac tissue damage. Meanwhile, zebrafish has a high regenerative capacity, but the regulation of the heart healing process has yet to be elucidated. The dynamic nature of cardiac regeneration requires consideration of the inherent temporal dimension of this process. Here, we conducted a systematic review to find genes that define the regenerative cell state of the zebrafish heart. We then performed an in silico temporal gene regulatory network analysis using transcriptomic data from the zebrafish heart regenerative process obtained from databases. In this analysis, the genes found in the systematic review were used to represent the final cell state of the transition process from a non-regenerative cell state to a regenerative state. We found 135 transcription factors driving the cellular state transition process during zebrafish cardiac regeneration, including Hand2, Nkx2.5, Tbx20, Fosl1, Fosb, Junb, Vdr, Wt1, and Tcf21 previously reported for playing a key role in tissue regeneration. Furthermore, we demonstrate that most regulators are activated in the first days post-injury, indicating that the transition from a non-regenerative to a regenerative state occurs promptly.
Collapse
|
33
|
Incomplete Recovery of Zebrafish Retina Following Cryoinjury. Cells 2022; 11:cells11081373. [PMID: 35456052 PMCID: PMC9030934 DOI: 10.3390/cells11081373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Zebrafish show an extraordinary potential for regeneration in several organs from fins to central nervous system. Most impressively, the outcome of an injury results in a near perfect regeneration and a full functional recovery. Indeed, among the various injury paradigms previously tested in the field of zebrafish retina regeneration, a perfect layered structure is observed after one month of recovery in most of the reported cases. In this study, we applied cryoinjury to the zebrafish eye. We show that retina exposed to this treatment for one second undergoes an acute damage affecting all retinal cell types, followed by a phase of limited tissue remodeling and regrowth. Surprisingly, zebrafish developed a persistent retinal dysplasia observable through 300 days post-injury. There is no indication of fibrosis during the regeneration period, contrary to the regeneration process after cryoinjury to the zebrafish cardiac ventricle. RNA sequencing analysis of injured retinas at different time points has uncovered enriched processes and a number of potential candidate genes. By means of this simple, time and cost-effective technique, we propose a zebrafish injury model that displays a unique inability to completely recover following focal retinal damage; an outcome that is unreported to our knowledge. Furthermore, RNA sequencing proved to be useful in identifying pathways, which may play a crucial role not only in the regeneration of the retina, but in the first initial step of regeneration, degeneration. We propose that this model may prove useful in comparative and translational studies to examine critical pathways for successful regeneration.
Collapse
|
34
|
Single-cell transcriptome analysis reveals three sequential phases of gene expression during zebrafish sensory hair cell regeneration. Dev Cell 2022; 57:799-819.e6. [PMID: 35316618 PMCID: PMC9188816 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2022.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Loss of sensory hair cells (HCs) in the mammalian inner ear leads to permanent hearing and vestibular defects, whereas loss of HCs in zebrafish results in their regeneration. We used single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to characterize the transcriptional dynamics of HC regeneration in zebrafish at unprecedented spatiotemporal resolution. We uncovered three sequentially activated modules: first, an injury/inflammatory response and downregulation of progenitor cell maintenance genes within minutes after HC loss; second, the transient activation of regeneration-specific genes; and third, a robust re-activation of developmental gene programs, including HC specification, cell-cycle activation, ribosome biogenesis, and a metabolic switch to oxidative phosphorylation. The results are relevant not only for our understanding of HC regeneration and how we might be able to trigger it in mammals but also for regenerative processes in general. The data are searchable and publicly accessible via a web-based interface.
Collapse
|
35
|
Peterson EA, Sun J, Wang J. Leukocyte-Mediated Cardiac Repair after Myocardial Infarction in Non-Regenerative vs. Regenerative Systems. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2022; 9:63. [PMID: 35200716 PMCID: PMC8877434 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd9020063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Innate and adaptive leukocytes rapidly mobilize to ischemic tissues after myocardial infarction in response to damage signals released from necrotic cells. Leukocytes play important roles in cardiac repair and regeneration such as inflammation initiation and resolution; the removal of dead cells and debris; the deposition of the extracellular matrix and granulation tissue; supporting angiogenesis and cardiomyocyte proliferation; and fibrotic scar generation and resolution. By organizing and comparing the present knowledge of leukocyte recruitment and function after cardiac injury in non-regenerative to regenerative systems, we propose that the leukocyte response to cardiac injury differs in non-regenerative adult mammals such as humans and mice in comparison to cardiac regenerative models such as neonatal mice and adult zebrafish. Specifically, extensive neutrophil, macrophage, and T-cell persistence contributes to a lengthy inflammatory period in non-regenerative systems for adverse cardiac remodeling and heart failure development, whereas their quick removal supports inflammation resolution in regenerative systems for new contractile tissue formation and coronary revascularization. Surprisingly, other leukocytes have not been examined in regenerative model systems. With this review, we aim to encourage the development of improved immune cell markers and tools in cardiac regenerative models for the identification of new immune targets in non-regenerative systems to develop new therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jinhu Wang
- Division of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (E.A.P.); (J.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Cao Y, Xia Y, Balowski JJ, Ou J, Song L, Safi A, Curtis T, Crawford GE, Poss KD, Cao J. Identification of enhancer regulatory elements that direct epicardial gene expression during zebrafish heart regeneration. Development 2022; 149:dev200133. [PMID: 35179181 PMCID: PMC8918790 DOI: 10.1242/dev.200133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The epicardium is a mesothelial tissue layer that envelops the heart. Cardiac injury activates dynamic gene expression programs in epicardial tissue, which in zebrafish enables subsequent regeneration through paracrine and vascularizing effects. To identify tissue regeneration enhancer elements (TREEs) that control injury-induced epicardial gene expression during heart regeneration, we profiled transcriptomes and chromatin accessibility in epicardial cells purified from regenerating zebrafish hearts. We identified hundreds of candidate TREEs, which are defined by increased chromatin accessibility of non-coding elements near genes with increased expression during regeneration. Several of these candidate TREEs were incorporated into stable transgenic lines, with five out of six elements directing injury-induced epicardial expression but not ontogenetic epicardial expression in larval hearts. Whereas two independent TREEs linked to the gene gnai3 showed similar functional features of gene regulation in transgenic lines, two independent ncam1a-linked TREEs directed distinct spatiotemporal domains of epicardial gene expression. Thus, multiple TREEs linked to a regeneration gene can possess either matching or complementary regulatory controls. Our study provides a new resource and principles for understanding the regulation of epicardial genetic programs during heart regeneration. This article has an associated 'The people behind the papers' interview.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingxi Cao
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Yu Xia
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Joseph J. Balowski
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Duke Regeneration Center, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Jianhong Ou
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Duke Regeneration Center, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Lingyun Song
- Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Alexias Safi
- Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Timothy Curtis
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Duke Regeneration Center, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Gregory E. Crawford
- Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Kenneth D. Poss
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Duke Regeneration Center, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Jingli Cao
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021, USA
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Regulation of collagen deposition in the trout heart during thermal acclimation. Curr Res Physiol 2022; 5:99-108. [PMID: 35243359 PMCID: PMC8857596 DOI: 10.1016/j.crphys.2022.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The passive mechanical properties of the vertebrate heart are controlled in part by the composition of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Changes in the ECM, caused by increased blood pressure, injury or disease can affect the capacity of the heart to fill with blood during diastole. In mammalian species, cardiac fibrosis caused by an increase in collagen in the ECM, leads to a loss of heart function and these changes in composition are considered to be permanent. Recent work has demonstrated that the cardiac ventricle of some fish species have the capacity to both increase and decrease collagen content in response to thermal acclimation. It is thought that these changes in collagen content help maintain ventricle function over seasonal changes in environmental temperatures. This current work reviews the cellular mechanisms responsible for regulating collagen deposition in the mammalian heart and proposes a cellular pathway by which a change in temperature can affect the collagen content of the fish ventricle through mechanotransduction. This work specifically focuses on the role of transforming growth factor β1, MAPK signaling pathways, and biomechanical stretch in regulating collagen content in the fish ventricle. It is hoped that this work increases the appreciation of the use of comparative models to gain insight into phenomenon with biomedical relevance.
Collapse
|
38
|
Chowdhury K, Lin S, Lai SL. Comparative Study in Zebrafish and Medaka Unravels the Mechanisms of Tissue Regeneration. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.783818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue regeneration has been in the spotlight of research for its fascinating nature and potential applications in human diseases. The trait of regenerative capacity occurs diversely across species and tissue contexts, while it seems to decline over evolution. Organisms with variable regenerative capacity are usually distinct in phylogeny, anatomy, and physiology. This phenomenon hinders the feasibility of studying tissue regeneration by directly comparing regenerative with non-regenerative animals, such as zebrafish (Danio rerio) and mice (Mus musculus). Medaka (Oryzias latipes) is a fish model with a complete reference genome and shares a common ancestor with zebrafish approximately 110–200 million years ago (compared to 650 million years with mice). Medaka shares similar features with zebrafish, including size, diet, organ system, gross anatomy, and living environment. However, while zebrafish regenerate almost every organ upon experimental injury, medaka shows uneven regenerative capacity. Their common and distinct biological features make them a unique platform for reciprocal analyses to understand the mechanisms of tissue regeneration. Here we summarize current knowledge about tissue regeneration in these fish models in terms of injured tissues, repairing mechanisms, available materials, and established technologies. We further highlight the concept of inter-species and inter-organ comparisons, which may reveal mechanistic insights and hint at therapeutic strategies for human diseases.
Collapse
|
39
|
Riley SE, Feng Y, Hansen CG. Hippo-Yap/Taz signalling in zebrafish regeneration. NPJ Regen Med 2022; 7:9. [PMID: 35087046 PMCID: PMC8795407 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-022-00209-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The extent of tissue regeneration varies widely between species. Mammals have a limited regenerative capacity whilst lower vertebrates such as the zebrafish (Danio rerio), a freshwater teleost, can robustly regenerate a range of tissues, including the spinal cord, heart, and fin. The molecular and cellular basis of this altered response is one of intense investigation. In this review, we summarise the current understanding of the association between zebrafish regeneration and Hippo pathway function, a phosphorylation cascade that regulates cell proliferation, mechanotransduction, stem cell fate, and tumorigenesis, amongst others. We also compare this function to Hippo pathway activity in the regenerative response of other species. We find that the Hippo pathway effectors Yap/Taz facilitate zebrafish regeneration and that this appears to be latent in mammals, suggesting that therapeutically promoting precise and temporal YAP/TAZ signalling in humans may enhance regeneration and hence reduce morbidity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susanna E Riley
- University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh bioQuarter, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Yi Feng
- University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh bioQuarter, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Carsten Gram Hansen
- University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh bioQuarter, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Wu YC, Franzenburg S, Ribes M, Pita L. Wounding response in Porifera (sponges) activates ancestral signaling cascades involved in animal healing, regeneration, and cancer. Sci Rep 2022; 12:1307. [PMID: 35079031 PMCID: PMC8789774 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05230-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Upon injury, the homeostatic balance that ensures tissue function is disrupted. Wound-induced signaling triggers the recovery of tissue integrity and offers a context to understand the molecular mechanisms for restoring tissue homeostasis upon disturbances. Marine sessile animals are particularly vulnerable to chronic wounds caused by grazers that can compromise prey's health. Yet, in comparison to other stressors like warming or acidification, we know little on how marine animals respond to grazing. Marine sponges (Phylum Porifera) are among the earliest-diverging animals and play key roles in the ecosystem; but they remain largely understudied. Here, we investigated the transcriptomic responses to injury caused by a specialist spongivorous opisthobranch (i.e., grazing treatment) or by clipping with a scalpel (i.e., mechanical damage treatment), in comparison to control sponges. We collected samples 3 h, 1 d, and 6 d post-treatment for differential gene expression analysis on RNA-seq data. Both grazing and mechanical damage activated a similar transcriptomic response, including a clotting-like cascade (e.g., with genes annotated as transglutaminases, metalloproteases, and integrins), calcium signaling, and Wnt and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways. Wound-induced gene expression signature in sponges resembles the initial steps of whole-body regeneration in other animals. Also, the set of genes responding to wounding in sponges included putative orthologs of cancer-related human genes. Further insights can be gained from taking sponge wound healing as an experimental system to understand how ancient genes and regulatory networks determine healthy animal tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chen Wu
- Research Unit Marine Microbiology, Department Marine Ecology, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research, Kiel, Germany
- Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Soeren Franzenburg
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (IKMB), Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Marta Ribes
- Department Marine Biology and Oceanography, Institute of Marine Sciences (ICM-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lucía Pita
- Research Unit Marine Microbiology, Department Marine Ecology, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research, Kiel, Germany.
- Department Marine Biology and Oceanography, Institute of Marine Sciences (ICM-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Miklas JW, Levy S, Hofsteen P, Mex DI, Clark E, Muster J, Robitaille AM, Sivaram G, Abell L, Goodson JM, Pranoto I, Madan A, Chin MT, Tian R, Murry CE, Moon RT, Wang Y, Ruohola-Baker H. Amino acid primed mTOR activity is essential for heart regeneration. iScience 2022; 25:103574. [PMID: 34988408 PMCID: PMC8704488 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart disease is the leading cause of death with no method to repair damaged myocardium due to the limited proliferative capacity of adult cardiomyocytes. Curiously, mouse neonates and zebrafish can regenerate their hearts via cardiomyocyte de-differentiation and proliferation. However, a molecular mechanism of why these cardiomyocytes can re-enter cell cycle is poorly understood. Here, we identify a unique metabolic state that primes adult zebrafish and neonatal mouse ventricular cardiomyocytes to proliferate. Zebrafish and neonatal mouse hearts display elevated glutamine levels, predisposing them to amino-acid-driven activation of TOR, and that TOR activation is required for zebrafish cardiomyocyte regeneration in vivo. Through a multi-omics approach with cellular validation we identify metabolic and mitochondrial changes during the first week of regeneration. These data suggest that regeneration of zebrafish myocardium is driven by metabolic remodeling and reveals a unique metabolic regulator, TOR-primed state, in which zebrafish and mammalian cardiomyocytes are regeneration competent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jason W. Miklas
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Shiri Levy
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Peter Hofsteen
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Diego Ic Mex
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Elisa Clark
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Jeanot Muster
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Aaron M. Robitaille
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Gargi Sivaram
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Lauren Abell
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Mitochondria and Metabolism Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Jamie M. Goodson
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Inez Pranoto
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Anup Madan
- Covance Genomics Laboratory, Redmond, WA 98052, USA
| | - Michael T. Chin
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Department of Medicine/Cardiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Rong Tian
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Mitochondria and Metabolism Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Charles E. Murry
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Department of Medicine/Cardiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Randall T. Moon
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Yuliang Wang
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Paul G. Allen School of Computer Science & Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Hannele Ruohola-Baker
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) isoforms are upregulated and activated in myocardial diseases and have an important role in cardiac repair and remodelling, regulating the phenotype and function of cardiomyocytes, fibroblasts, immune cells and vascular cells. Cardiac injury triggers the generation of bioactive TGFβ from latent stores, through mechanisms involving proteases, integrins and specialized extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. Activated TGFβ signals through the SMAD intracellular effectors or through non-SMAD cascades. In the infarcted heart, the anti-inflammatory and fibroblast-activating actions of TGFβ have an important role in repair; however, excessive or prolonged TGFβ signalling accentuates adverse remodelling, contributing to cardiac dysfunction. Cardiac pressure overload also activates TGFβ cascades, which initially can have a protective role, promoting an ECM-preserving phenotype in fibroblasts and preventing the generation of injurious, pro-inflammatory ECM fragments. However, prolonged and overactive TGFβ signalling in pressure-overloaded cardiomyocytes and fibroblasts can promote cardiac fibrosis and dysfunction. In the atria, TGFβ-mediated fibrosis can contribute to the pathogenic substrate for atrial fibrillation. Overactive or dysregulated TGFβ responses have also been implicated in cardiac ageing and in the pathogenesis of diabetic, genetic and inflammatory cardiomyopathies. This Review summarizes the current evidence on the role of TGFβ signalling in myocardial diseases, focusing on cellular targets and molecular mechanisms, and discussing challenges and opportunities for therapeutic translation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos G Frangogiannis
- The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Peng H, Shindo K, Donahue RR, Gao E, Ahern BM, Levitan BM, Tripathi H, Powell D, Noor A, Elmore GA, Satin J, Seifert AW, Abdel-Latif A. Adult spiny mice (Acomys) exhibit endogenous cardiac recovery in response to myocardial infarction. NPJ Regen Med 2021; 6:74. [PMID: 34789749 PMCID: PMC8599698 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-021-00186-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Complex tissue regeneration is extremely rare among adult mammals. An exception, however, is the superior tissue healing of multiple organs in spiny mice (Acomys). While Acomys species exhibit the remarkable ability to heal complex tissue with minimal scarring, little is known about their cardiac structure and response to cardiac injury. In this study, we first examined baseline Acomys cardiac anatomy and function in comparison with commonly used inbred and outbred laboratory Mus strains (C57BL6 and CFW). While our results demonstrated comparable cardiac anatomy and function between Acomys and Mus, Acomys exhibited a higher percentage of cardiomyocytes displaying distinct characteristics. In response to myocardial infarction, all animals experienced a comparable level of initial cardiac damage. However, Acomys demonstrated superior ischemic tolerance and cytoprotection in response to injury as evidenced by cardiac functional stabilization, higher survival rate, and smaller scar size 50 days after injury compared to the inbred and outbred mouse strains. This phenomenon correlated with enhanced endothelial cell proliferation, increased angiogenesis, and medium vessel maturation in the peri-infarct and infarct regions. Overall, these findings demonstrate augmented myocardial preservation in spiny mice post-MI and establish Acomys as a new adult mammalian model for cardiac research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hsuan Peng
- grid.266539.d0000 0004 1936 8438Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY USA
| | - Kazuhiro Shindo
- grid.266539.d0000 0004 1936 8438Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY USA
| | - Renée R. Donahue
- grid.266539.d0000 0004 1936 8438Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY USA
| | - Erhe Gao
- grid.264727.20000 0001 2248 3398The Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Brooke M. Ahern
- grid.266539.d0000 0004 1936 8438Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY USA
| | - Bryana M. Levitan
- grid.266539.d0000 0004 1936 8438Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY USA ,grid.266539.d0000 0004 1936 8438Gill Heart and Vascular Institute and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY USA
| | - Himi Tripathi
- grid.266539.d0000 0004 1936 8438Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY USA
| | - David Powell
- grid.266539.d0000 0004 1936 8438Gill Heart and Vascular Institute and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY USA
| | - Ahmed Noor
- grid.266539.d0000 0004 1936 8438Gill Heart and Vascular Institute and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY USA
| | - Garrett A. Elmore
- grid.266539.d0000 0004 1936 8438Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY USA
| | - Jonathan Satin
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
| | - Ashley W. Seifert
- grid.266539.d0000 0004 1936 8438Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY USA
| | - Ahmed Abdel-Latif
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA. .,Gill Heart and Vascular Institute and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA. .,The Lexington VA Medical Center, Lexington, KY, USA. .,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Xie F, Xu S, Lu Y, Wong KF, Sun L, Hasan KMM, Ma ACH, Tse G, Manno SHC, Tian L, Yue J, Cheng SH. Metformin accelerates zebrafish heart regeneration by inducing autophagy. NPJ Regen Med 2021; 6:62. [PMID: 34625572 PMCID: PMC8501080 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-021-00172-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Metformin is one of the most widely used drugs for type 2 diabetes and it also exhibits cardiovascular protective activity. However, the underlying mechanism of its action is not well understood. Here, we used an adult zebrafish model of heart cryoinjury, which mimics myocardial infarction in humans, and demonstrated that autophagy was significantly induced in the injured area. Through a systematic evaluation of the multiple cell types related to cardiac regeneration, we found that metformin enhanced the autophagic flux and improved epicardial, endocardial and vascular endothelial regeneration, accelerated transient collagen deposition and resolution, and induced cardiomyocyte proliferation. Whereas, when the autophagic flux was blocked, then all these processes were delayed. We also showed that metformin transiently enhanced the systolic function of the heart. Taken together, our results indicate that autophagy is positively involved in the metformin-induced acceleration of heart regeneration in zebrafish and suggest that this well-known diabetic drug has clinical value for the prevention and amelioration of myocardial infarction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fangjing Xie
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shisan Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
- Guangxi Universities Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Biopharmaceutical Technology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
| | - Yingying Lu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Kin Fung Wong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lei Sun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kazi Md Mahmudul Hasan
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Alvin C H Ma
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Gary Tse
- Kent and Medway Medical School, Canterbury, UK
| | - Sinai H C Manno
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Li Tian
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jianbo Yue
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Shuk Han Cheng
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
de Bakker DEM, Bouwman M, Dronkers E, Simões FC, Riley PR, Goumans MJ, Smits AM, Bakkers J. Prrx1b restricts fibrosis and promotes Nrg1-dependent cardiomyocyte proliferation during zebrafish heart regeneration. Development 2021; 148:272033. [PMID: 34486669 PMCID: PMC8513610 DOI: 10.1242/dev.198937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Fibroblasts are activated to repair the heart following injury. Fibroblast activation in the mammalian heart leads to a permanent fibrotic scar that impairs cardiac function. In other organisms, such as zebrafish, cardiac injury is followed by transient fibrosis and scar-free regeneration. The mechanisms that drive scarring versus scar-free regeneration are not well understood. Here, we show that the homeobox-containing transcription factor Prrx1b is required for scar-free regeneration of the zebrafish heart as the loss of Prrx1b results in excessive fibrosis and impaired cardiomyocyte proliferation. Through lineage tracing and single-cell RNA sequencing, we find that Prrx1b is activated in epicardial-derived cells where it restricts TGFβ ligand expression and collagen production. Furthermore, through combined in vitro experiments in human fetal epicardial-derived cells and in vivo rescue experiments in zebrafish, we conclude that Prrx1 stimulates Nrg1 expression and promotes cardiomyocyte proliferation. Collectively, these results indicate that Prrx1 is a key transcription factor that balances fibrosis and regeneration in the injured zebrafish heart. This article has an associated 'The people behind the papers' interview.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dennis E M de Bakker
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW and University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mara Bouwman
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW and University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Esther Dronkers
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Centre, 2333ZC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Filipa C Simões
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Paul R Riley
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Marie-José Goumans
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Centre, 2333ZC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Anke M Smits
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Centre, 2333ZC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Bakkers
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW and University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584CT Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Pediatric Cardiology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, 3584CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Park J, Kim C, Jeon HJ, Kim K, Kim MJ, Moon JK, Lee SE. Developmental toxicity of 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA) and endosulfan sulfate derived from insecticidal active ingredients: Abnormal heart formation by 3-PBA in zebrafish embryos. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 224:112689. [PMID: 34455181 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Pyrethroid and organochlorine insecticides are enormously used to control agricultural and indoor insect pests. The metabolites of pyrethroid and endosulfan were used to evaluate environmental toxicities using a representative animal model, zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos in this study. The LC50 values in 3-phenoxy benzoic acid (3-PBA) and endosulfan sulfate (ES) were 1461 μg/L and 1459 μg/L, respectively. At the concentration of 2000 μg/L, spine curvature was observed in the ES-treated embryos. ES showed seizure-like events with an EC50 value of 354 μg/L. At the concentration of 1000 μg/L, the pericardial edema was observed in 3-PBA-treated embryos. The inhibition of heart development and the reduction of beating rates were observed in Tg(cmlc2:EGFP) embryos after the exposure to 3-PBA. Down-regulation of the vmhc gene coding ventricular myosin during heart development was significantly found in 3-PBA-treated embryos at 48 hpf, but recovered afterward. It indicates that ventricular malformation occurred at the initial stage of 3-PBA exposure. Considered together, both 3-PBA and ES need public concerns with periodic monitoring of these metabolites in households and agricultural areas to prevent humans and environmental organisms from their unexpected attacks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jungeun Park
- Department of Integrative Biology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Chaeeun Kim
- Department of Integrative Biology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwang-Ju Jeon
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeongnam Kim
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung-Jin Kim
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon-Kwan Moon
- Department of Plant Life and Environmental Sciences, Hankyong National University, Ansung 17579, Republic of Korea; Hansalim Agro-Food Analysis Center, Hankyong National University Industry Academic Cooperation Foundation, Suwon 16500, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Eun Lee
- Department of Integrative Biology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Kim KW, Kim SW, Lim S, Yoo KJ, Hwang KC, Lee S. Neutralization of hexokinase 2-targeting miRNA attenuates the oxidative stress-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2021; 78:57-68. [PMID: 33523042 DOI: 10.3233/ch-200924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hexokinase 2 (HK2) is a metabolic sensor that couples glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation of mitochondria by binding to the outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM), and it also has been implicated in induction of apoptotic process by regulating the integrity of OMM. When HK2 detaches from the mitochondria, it triggers permeability increase of the OMM and subsequently facilitates the cytosolic release of cytochrome c, a major apoptosis-inducing factor. According to previous studies, a harsh microenvironment created by ischemic heart disease such as low tissue oxygen and nutrients, and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) can cause cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Under these conditions, the expression of HK2 in heart significantly decrease and such down-regulation of HK2 was correlated to the increased apoptosis of cardiomyocytes. Therefore, prevention of HK2 down-regulation may salvage cardiomyocytes from apoptosis. MicroRNAs are short, non-coding RNAs that either inhibit transcription of target mRNAs or degrade the targeted mRNAs via complementary binding to the 3'UTR (untranslated region) of the targeted mRNAs. Since miRNAs are known to be involved in virtually every biological processes, it is reasonable to assume that the expression of HK2 is also regulated by miRNAs. Currently, to my best knowledge, there is no previous study examined the miRNA-mediated regulation of HK2 in cardiomyocytes. Thus, in the present study, miRNA-mediated modulation of HK2 during ROS (H2O2)-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis was investigated. First, the expression of HK2 in cardiomyocytes exposed to H2O2 was evaluated. H2O2 (500 μM) induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis and it also decreased the mitochondrial expression of HK2. Based on miRNA-target prediction databases and empirical data, miR-181a was identified as a HK2-targeting miRNA. To further examine the effect of negative regulation of the selected HK2-targeting miRNA on cardiomyocyte apoptosis, anti-miR-181a, which neutralizes endogenous miR-181a, was utilized. Delivery of anti-miR-181a significantly abrogated the H2O2-induced suppression of HK2 expression and subsequent disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential, improving the survival of cardiomyocytes exposed to H2O2. These findings suggest that miR-181a-mediated down-regulation of HK2 contributes to the apoptosis of cardiomyocytes exposed to ROS. Neutralizing miR-181a can be a viable and effective means to prevent cardiomyocyte from apoptosis in ischemic heart disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kwan Wook Kim
- Department of Medicine, The Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Pangyo, South Korea
| | - Sang Woo Kim
- Institute for Bio-Medical Convergence, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung, South Korea
| | - Soyeon Lim
- Institute for Bio-Medical Convergence, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Jong Yoo
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ki-Chul Hwang
- Institute for Bio-Medical Convergence, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung, South Korea
| | - Seahyoung Lee
- Institute for Bio-Medical Convergence, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Wang X, Copmans D, de Witte PAM. Using Zebrafish as a Disease Model to Study Fibrotic Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126404. [PMID: 34203824 PMCID: PMC8232822 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In drug discovery, often animal models are used that mimic human diseases as closely as possible. These animal models can be used to address various scientific questions, such as testing and evaluation of new drugs, as well as understanding the pathogenesis of diseases. Currently, the most commonly used animal models in the field of fibrosis are rodents. Unfortunately, rodent models of fibrotic disease are costly and time-consuming to generate. In addition, present models are not very suitable for screening large compounds libraries. To overcome these limitations, there is a need for new in vivo models. Zebrafish has become an attractive animal model for preclinical studies. An expanding number of zebrafish models of human disease have been documented, for both acute and chronic diseases. A deeper understanding of the occurrence of fibrosis in zebrafish will contribute to the development of new and potentially improved animal models for drug discovery. These zebrafish models of fibrotic disease include, among others, cardiovascular disease models, liver disease models (categorized into Alcoholic Liver Diseases (ALD) and Non-Alcoholic Liver Disease (NALD)), and chronic pancreatitis models. In this review, we give a comprehensive overview of the usage of zebrafish models in fibrotic disease studies, highlighting their potential for high-throughput drug discovery and current technical challenges.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xixin Wang
- Laboratory for Molecular Biodiscovery, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KULeuven-University of Leuven, O&N II Herestraat 49-Box 824, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (X.W.); (D.C.)
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), 28789 East Jingshi Road, Jinan 250103, China
| | - Daniëlle Copmans
- Laboratory for Molecular Biodiscovery, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KULeuven-University of Leuven, O&N II Herestraat 49-Box 824, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (X.W.); (D.C.)
| | - Peter A. M. de Witte
- Laboratory for Molecular Biodiscovery, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KULeuven-University of Leuven, O&N II Herestraat 49-Box 824, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (X.W.); (D.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +32-16-323432
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Sader F, Roy S. Tgf-β superfamily and limb regeneration: Tgf-β to start and Bmp to end. Dev Dyn 2021; 251:973-987. [PMID: 34096672 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Axolotls represent a popular model to study how nature solved the problem of regenerating lost appendages in tetrapods. Our work over many years focused on trying to understand how these animals can achieve such a feat and not end up with a scarred up stump. The Tgf-β superfamily represents an interesting family to target since they are involved in wound healing in adults and pattern formation during development. This family is large and comprises Tgf-β, Bmps, activins and GDFs. In this review, we present work from us and others on Tgf-β & Bmps and highlight interesting observations between these two sub-families. Tgf-β is important for the preparation phase of regeneration and Bmps for the redevelopment phase and they do not overlap with one another. We present novel data showing that the Tgf-β non-canonical pathway is also not active during redevelopment. Finally, we propose a molecular model to explain how Tgf-β and Bmps maintain distinct windows of expression during regeneration in axolotls.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fadi Sader
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Stéphane Roy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Dentistry, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Nakamura M, Yoshida H, Moriyama Y, Kawakita I, Wlizla M, Takebayashi-Suzuki K, Horb ME, Suzuki A. TGF-β1 signaling is essential for tissue regeneration in the Xenopus tadpole tail. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 565:91-96. [PMID: 34102475 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.05.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Amphibians such as Xenopus tropicalis exhibit a remarkable capacity for tissue regeneration after traumatic injury. Although transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) receptor signaling is known to be essential for tissue regeneration in fish and amphibians, the role of TGF-β ligands in this process is not well understood. Here, we show that inhibition of TGF-β1 function prevents tail regeneration in Xenopus tropicalis tadpoles. We found that expression of tgfb1 is present before tail amputation and is sustained throughout the regeneration process. CRISPR-mediated knock-out (KO) of tgfb1 retards tail regeneration; the phenotype of tgfb1 KO tadpoles can be rescued by injection of tgfb1 mRNA. Cell proliferation, a critical event for the success of tissue regeneration, is downregulated in tgfb1 KO tadpoles. In addition, tgfb1 KO reduces the expression of phosphorylated Smad2/3 (pSmad2/3) which is important for TGF-β signal-mediated cell proliferation. Collectively, our results show that TGF-β1 regulates cell proliferation through the activation of Smad2/3. We therefore propose that TGF-β1 plays a critical role in TGF-β receptor-dependent tadpole tail regeneration in Xenopus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Nakamura
- Amphibian Research Center, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Yoshida
- National Xenopus Resource and Eugene Bell Center for Regenerative Biology and Tissue Engineering, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
| | - Yuka Moriyama
- Amphibian Research Center, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
| | - Itsuki Kawakita
- Amphibian Research Center, School of Science, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
| | - Marcin Wlizla
- National Xenopus Resource and Eugene Bell Center for Regenerative Biology and Tissue Engineering, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
| | - Kimiko Takebayashi-Suzuki
- Amphibian Research Center, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
| | - Marko E Horb
- National Xenopus Resource and Eugene Bell Center for Regenerative Biology and Tissue Engineering, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
| | - Atsushi Suzuki
- Amphibian Research Center, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|