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Fang Z, Atukorallaya D. Exploration of Dentition Development and Replacement in Two Forms of Mexican Tetra (Astyanax mexicanus). Anat Histol Embryol 2025; 54:e70038. [PMID: 40251900 PMCID: PMC12008734 DOI: 10.1111/ahe.70038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2025] [Revised: 03/24/2025] [Accepted: 04/06/2025] [Indexed: 04/21/2025]
Abstract
There are two main subforms of the teleost fish Mexican tetra (Astyanax mexicanus): the river-dwelling surface fish and the cave-dwelling blind cavefish. Recently, this species has become a popular animal model in developmental biology research. It was reported that cavefish bore more teeth than surface fish; however, a detailed description of oral dentition development and replacement in the Mexican tetra remains unavailable. In this study, we investigated the differences in tooth count between surface fish and cavefish by characterising the features of mandibular dentition in adult Mexican tetras and explored the process of first-generation dentition development in larval fish. Regarding early dentition development, larval surface fish and Pachón cavefish at 12-, 18-, 21-, 24-, and 30-days post-fertilisation were euthanised. Haematoxylin and eosin staining was performed for histological analysis, and immunohistochemistry was employed to detect the expression of the odontogenic marker Sox2. The results show that Mexican tetras replaced functional teeth via the successional dental lamina marked by Sox2 expression. Adult Pachón cavefish possessed more intraosseous replacement teeth. Mandibular tooth development in larval fish was also marked by Sox2 expression, and no evidence supported tooth development in a continual dental lamina. Our findings describe the appearance of a successional dental lamina in tooth replacement in the Mexican tetra but provide no evidence regarding a continual dental lamina. In the Mexican tetra, teeth of the first-generation dentition may develop independently. The results of this project will offer valuable histological information for future research into tooth development in the Mexican tetra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Fang
- Department of Oral Biology, Rady Faculty of Health SciencesDr Gerald Niznick College of Dentistry, University of ManitobaWinnipegManitobaCanada
| | - Devi Atukorallaya
- Department of Oral Biology, Rady Faculty of Health SciencesDr Gerald Niznick College of Dentistry, University of ManitobaWinnipegManitobaCanada
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2
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Soares JB, Ribeiro ECDO, Do Nascimento JJC, Da Silva Neto EJ. There are no deciduous molars: A comment on human molariform dental terminology. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2025; 308:1529-1535. [PMID: 39323083 DOI: 10.1002/ar.25581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 09/03/2024] [Accepted: 09/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/27/2024]
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3
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Fecchio RS, Dutra GP, Barbosa BEP, Lucena MDF, Teixeira RHF. Dental Treatment for Overgrown Teeth in a Black-Spotted Pufferfish ( Arothron nigropunctatus). J Vet Dent 2025:8987564251323063. [PMID: 40033756 DOI: 10.1177/08987564251323063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2025]
Abstract
Pufferfish, known for their unique dental structures and body features, can face complications such as overgrown teeth, leading to difficulties in feeding and potential health issues. This study aims to report the diagnosis, treatment plan, and outcomes of a dental intervention addressing a case of overgrown teeth in a black-spotted pufferfish (Arothron nigropunctatus) housed in an aquarium in the southeastern region of Brazil. The article discusses the challenges encountered during the treatment process and provides insights into the importance of proactive dental care in aquatic species. The successful resolution of the case highlights the significance of tailored dental interventions in ensuring the well-being of aquatic species, like the pufferfish. Furthermore, this study documents the first dental treatment performed on a pufferfish specimen in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gustavo P Dutra
- Setor de Medicina Veterinária, Santos Aquarium, Santos, Brazil
| | | | | | - Rodrigo Hidalgo Friciello Teixeira
- Quinzinho de Barros Municipal Zoological Park (PZMQB), Sorocaba, Brazil
- University of Sorocaba (UNISO), Sorocaba, Brazil
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (FMVZ), Postgraduate Program in Wild Animals, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
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4
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Henriquez JI, Richman JM. Resilience of the replacing dentition in adult reptiles. Dev Biol 2024; 516:71-81. [PMID: 39059678 PMCID: PMC11458058 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2024.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 06/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
The dentition is critical to animal survival and teeth are present in modern vertebrates including teleost fish, sharks, amphibians, mammals and reptiles. The developmental processes that give rise to teeth are not just preserved through evolution but also share high level of similarity with the embryogenesis of other ectodermal organs. In this review we go beyond the embryonic phase of tooth development to life-long tooth replacement. We will address the origins of successional teeth, the location of putative tissue-resident stem cells, how de novo tooth formation continues throughout life and how teeth are shed in a spatially and temporally controlled manner. We review the evidence that the dental epithelium, which is the earliest recognizable dental structure in the reptilian dentition, serves as a putative niche for tissue-resident epithelial stem cells and recent molecular findings from transcriptomics carried out in reptilian dentitions. We discuss how odontoclasts resorb the primary tooth allowing eruption of the successional tooth. The reptiles, particularly lizards, are emerging as some of the most accessible animals to study tooth replacement which has relevance to evolution of the dentition and human dental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquin I Henriquez
- Life Sciences Institute and Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Canada
| | - Joy M Richman
- Life Sciences Institute and Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Canada.
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Razmadze D, Salomies L, Di-Poï N. Squamates as a model to understand key dental features of vertebrates. Dev Biol 2024; 516:1-19. [PMID: 39069116 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2024.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Thanks to their exceptional diversity, teeth are among the most distinctive features of vertebrates. Parameters such as tooth size, shape, number, identity, and implantation can have substantial implications for the ecology and certain social behaviors of toothed species. Despite decades of research primarily focused on mammalian dentition, particularly using the laboratory mouse model, squamate reptiles ("lizards" and snakes) offer a wide array of tooth types and dentition variations. This diversity, which includes differences in size, shape, function, and replacement capacity, provides invaluable opportunities for investigating these fundamental properties. The central bearded dragon (Pogona vitticeps), a popular pet species with well-established husbandry practices, is of particular interest. It features a broad spectrum of morphs and spontaneous mutants and exhibits a wide range of heterodont phenotypes, including variation in the size, shape, number, implantation, and renewal of teeth at both posterior and anterior positions. These characteristics position the species as a crucial model organism for developmental studies in tooth research and for gaining deeper insights into evolutionary patterns of vertebrate dentitions. In this article, we provide an overview of the current understanding of squamate dentition, its diversity, development, and replacement. Furthermore, we discuss the significant advantages offered by squamate species as model organisms for investigating the evolutionary and developmental aspects of vertebrate dentition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Razmadze
- Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lotta Salomies
- Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nicolas Di-Poï
- Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.
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6
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Muscioni M, Chiarenza AA, Fernandez DBH, Dreossi D, Bacchia F, Fanti F. Cranial anatomy of Acynodon adriaticus and extreme durophagous adaptations in Eusuchia (Reptilia: Crocodylomorpha). Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2024; 307:3653-3684. [PMID: 39267238 DOI: 10.1002/ar.25574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2024] [Revised: 08/14/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/17/2024]
Abstract
Acynodon adriaticus, a small eusuchian from the Late Cretaceous of Italy, is known for its well-preserved cranial and postcranial material. Despite its excellent preservation, many details remain hidden due to the physical overlap between the elements and matrix obliteration. We used Micro-CT scans to reveal previously overlooked anatomical features and describe in detail the cranial and dental anatomy of this taxon, shedding new light on its palaeoecology. The holotypic specimen, SC 57248, represents a mature individual exhibiting signs of hyperossification, developed ornamentation, and various pathologies, including jaw arthritis and a possible dental anomaly. Acynodon adriaticus exhibits significant durophagous adaptations, including a robust, brevirostrine skull optimized for powerful biting and stress-load capacity. Its specialized dentition, lacking caniniform teeth, features anterior chisel-like teeth and hypertrophic posterior molariforms with thick enamel, indicative of a diet specializing in hard-shelled prey. The dentition pattern, accelerated molariform replacement rate, and reduced orbit size suggest adaptations for durophagous foraging in turbid, densely vegetated aquatic environments. The paleoecological context during the Late Cretaceous, characterized by increased freshwater habitats and high invertebrate diversity, likely facilitated the evolution of such specialized traits in A. adriaticus. This small crocodylomorph likely foraged slowly in shallow, benthic environments, using its powerful bite to process mollusks and large arthropods. The study of A. adriaticus, along with comparisons with other crocodylomorphs and ecomorphologically similar taxa like Iharkutosuchus makadii and Gnatusuchus pebasensis, provides a valuable morphofunctional model for understanding the evolutionary pathways of extinct crocodylians to durophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Muscioni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche e Ambientali, Alma Mater Studiorum, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Museo Geologico Giovanni Capellini, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Federico Fanti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche e Ambientali, Alma Mater Studiorum, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Museo Geologico Giovanni Capellini, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Zhu S, Huo S, Wang Z, Huang C, Li C, Song H, Yang X, He R, Ding C, Qiu M, Zhu XJ. Follistatin controls the number of murine teeth by limiting TGF-β signaling. iScience 2024; 27:110785. [PMID: 39286503 PMCID: PMC11403059 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Supernumerary teeth are common developmental anomalies of dentition. However, the factors and mechanisms driving their formation remain largely unknown. Here, we report that conditional knockout of Fst, encoding an antagonist for the transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) signaling pathway, in both oral epithelium and mesenchyme of mice (Fst CKO ) led to supernumerary upper incisor teeth, arising from the lingual dental epithelium of the native teeth and preceded by an enlarged and split lingual cervical loop. Fst-deficiency greatly activated TGF-β signaling in developing maxillary incisor teeth, associated with increased epithelium cell proliferation. Moreover, Fst CKO teeth exhibited increased expression of Tbx1, Sp6, and Sox2, which were identified as direct targets of TGF-β/SMAD2 signaling. Finally, we show that upregulation of Tbx1 in response to Fst-deficiency was largely responsible for the formation of extra teeth in Fst CKO mice. Taken together, our investigation indicates a novel role for Fst in controlling murine tooth number by restricting TGF-β signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shicheng Zhu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Suman Huo
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Zhongzheng Wang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Caiyan Huang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Chuanxu Li
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Hanjing Song
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Xueqin Yang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Rui He
- The Affiliated Hospital, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310015, China
| | - Cheng Ding
- The Affiliated Hospital, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310015, China
| | - Mengsheng Qiu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Zhu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
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Leinonen S, Vuola P, Rice DP, Heliövaara A. Vascular Anomalies and Congenital Infiltrating Lipomatosis May Affect Dental Maturation and Development - a Case Control Study. Cleft Palate Craniofac J 2024:10556656241284761. [PMID: 39267377 DOI: 10.1177/10556656241284761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/17/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Vascular anomalies are often associated with hypertrophy and asymmetry of soft tissues and bony structures. The aim of this retrospective cross-sectional radiographic study was to evaluate dental maturation and development in patients with facial vascular anomalies and congenital infiltrating lipomatosis. DESIGN A sample of 342 patients with different vascular anomalies or congenital infiltrating lipomatosis involving the head and neck area was narrowed down to 31 patients with dental panoramic radiographs taken in the mixed dentition. A control group of 172 age-matched healthy subjects was used. Individual permanent teeth were given a maturation score from 1 to 12 and alveolar eruption stage according to Haavikko et al. 1970. The laterality of the anomaly was noted if applicable. Differences in dental development between affected and unaffected sides were recorded. RESULTS The study data included both syndromic and non-syndromic vascular anomalies as well as congenital infiltrating lipomatosis and segmental odontomaxillary dysplasia. Teeth on the side of the anomaly were more developed and the eruption of teeth was accelerated with canines, premolars and second molars being most affected. Interestingly all the patients with Sturge-Weber syndrome (n = 4) and infiltrating lipomatosis (n = 2) showed accelerated dental maturation of multiple permanent teeth on the side of the anomaly. Hypodontia, dental root resorption and macrodontia were also found. CONCLUSIONS Accelerated development and eruption of permanent teeth unilaterally in patients with vascular anomalies and congenital infiltrating lipomatosis may have a significant impact on the developing occlusion and should be thus followed by an orthodontist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sami Leinonen
- Cleft Palate and Craniofacial Centre, Department of Plastic Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pia Vuola
- Cleft Palate and Craniofacial Centre, Department of Plastic Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Vascular Anomaly Team, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Reference Center, European Reference Network ERN-VASCERN, Helsinki, Finland
| | - David P Rice
- Orthodontics, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Arja Heliövaara
- Cleft Palate and Craniofacial Centre, Department of Plastic Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Shao F, Phan AV, Yu W, Guo Y, Thompson J, Coppinger C, Venugopalan SR, Amendt BA, Van Otterloo E, Cao H. Transcriptional programs of Pitx2 and Tfap2a/Tfap2b controlling lineage specification of mandibular epithelium during tooth initiation. PLoS Genet 2024; 20:e1011364. [PMID: 39052671 PMCID: PMC11302917 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1011364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
How the dorsal-ventral axis of the vertebrate jaw, particularly the position of tooth initiation site, is established remains a critical and unresolved question. Tooth development starts with the formation of the dental lamina, a localized thickened strip within the maxillary and mandibular epithelium. To identify transcriptional regulatory networks (TRN) controlling the specification of dental lamina from the naïve mandibular epithelium, we utilized Laser Microdissection coupled low-input RNA-seq (LMD-RNA-seq) to profile gene expression of different domains of the mandibular epithelium along the dorsal-ventral axis. We comprehensively identified transcription factors (TFs) and signaling pathways that are differentially expressed along mandibular epithelial domains (including the dental lamina). Specifically, we found that the TFs Sox2 and Tfap2 (Tfap2a/Tfap2b) formed complimentary expression domains along the dorsal-ventral axis of the mandibular epithelium. Interestingly, both classic and novel dental lamina specific TFs-such as Pitx2, Ascl5 and Zfp536-were found to localize near the Sox2:Tfap2a/Tfap2b interface. To explore the functional significance of these domain specific TFs, we next examined loss-of-function mouse models of these domain specific TFs, including the dental lamina specific TF, Pitx2, and the ventral surface ectoderm specific TFs Tfap2a and Tfap2b. We found that disruption of domain specific TFs leads to an upregulation and expansion of the alternative domain's TRN. The importance of this cross-repression is evident by the ectopic expansion of Pitx2 and Sox2 positive dental lamina structure in Tfap2a/Tfap2b ectodermal double knockouts and the emergence of an ectopic tooth in the ventral surface ectoderm. Finally, we uncovered an unappreciated interface of mesenchymal SHH and WNT signaling pathways, at the site of tooth initiation, that were established by the epithelial domain specific TFs including Pitx2 and Tfap2a/Tfap2b. These results uncover a previously unknown molecular mechanism involving cross-repression of domain specific TFs including Pitx2 and Tfap2a/Tfap2b in patterning the dorsal-ventral axis of the mouse mandible, specifically the regulation of tooth initiation site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Shao
- Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research, University of Iowa College of Dentistry and Dental Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - An-Vi Phan
- Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research, University of Iowa College of Dentistry and Dental Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Wenjie Yu
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Yuwei Guo
- Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research, University of Iowa College of Dentistry and Dental Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Jamie Thompson
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Carter Coppinger
- Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research, University of Iowa College of Dentistry and Dental Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Shankar R. Venugopalan
- Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research, University of Iowa College of Dentistry and Dental Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Iowa College of Dentistry and Dental Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Brad A. Amendt
- Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research, University of Iowa College of Dentistry and Dental Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Iowa College of Dentistry and Dental Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Eric Van Otterloo
- Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research, University of Iowa College of Dentistry and Dental Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
- Department of Periodontics, University of Iowa College of Dentistry and Dental Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Huojun Cao
- Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research, University of Iowa College of Dentistry and Dental Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
- Division of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Iowa College of Dentistry and Dental Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
- Department of Endodontics, University of Iowa College of Dentistry and Dental Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
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Huysseune A, Witten PE. Continuous tooth replacement: what can teleost fish teach us? Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2024; 99:797-819. [PMID: 38151229 DOI: 10.1111/brv.13045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Most tooth-bearing non-mammalian vertebrates have the capacity to replace their teeth throughout life. This capacity was lost in mammals, which replace their teeth only once at most. Not surprisingly, continuous tooth replacement has attracted much attention. Classical morphological studies (e.g. to analyse patterns of replacement) are now being complemented by molecular studies that investigate the expression of genes involved in tooth formation. This review focuses on ray-finned fish (actinopterygians), which have teeth often distributed throughout the mouth and pharynx, and more specifically on teleost fish, the largest group of extant vertebrates. First we highlight the diversity in tooth distribution and in tooth replacement patterns. Replacement tooth formation can start from a distinct (usually discontinuous and transient) dental lamina, but also in the absence of a successional lamina, e.g. from the surface epithelium of the oropharynx or from the outer dental epithelium of a predecessor tooth. The relationship of a replacement tooth to its predecessor is closely related to whether replacement is the result of a prepattern or occurs on demand. As replacement teeth do not necessarily have the same molecular signature as first-generation teeth, the question of the actual trigger for tooth replacement is discussed. Much emphasis has been laid in the past on the potential role of epithelial stem cells in initiating tooth replacement. The outcome of such studies has been equivocal, possibly related to the taxa investigated, and the permanent or transient nature of the dental lamina. Alternatively, replacement may result from local proliferation of undifferentiated progenitors, stimulated by hitherto unknown, perhaps mesenchymal, factors. So far, the role of the neurovascular link in continuous tooth replacement has been poorly investigated, despite the presence of a rich vascularisation surrounding actinopterygian (as well as chondrichthyan) teeth and despite a complete arrest of tooth replacement after nerve resection. Lastly, tooth replacement is possibly co-opted as a process to expand the number of teeth in a dentition ontogenetically whilst conserving features of the primary dentition. That neither a dental lamina, nor stem cells appear to be required for tooth replacement places teleosts in an advantageous position as models for tooth regeneration in humans, where the dental lamina regresses and epithelial stem cells are considered lost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Huysseune
- Research Group Evolutionary Developmental Biology, Biology Department, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, Ghent, B-9000, Belgium
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Vinicna 7, Prague, 128 44, Czech Republic
| | - P Eckhard Witten
- Research Group Evolutionary Developmental Biology, Biology Department, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, Ghent, B-9000, Belgium
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11
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Li X, Gong X, Yu M, Gao X. Clinical features of non-syndromic late developing supernumerary teeth: a sign of the third dentition? BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:397. [PMID: 38549071 PMCID: PMC10976776 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04155-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to summarize the clinical features of non-syndromic late developing supernumerary teeth (LDST) and comparisons with common supernumerary teeth (ST) and explore the association between LDST and the third dentition. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study retrospected cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and medical history of 41,903 consecutive patients from January to December 2021. Comparisons between ST and LDST were evaluated by Chi-square test or Fisher exact test. Correlation between chronological age and dental stage age was evaluated by Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to explore the features of LDST originating from the third dentition. RESULTS Sixty patients with 126 non-syndromic LDST and 1602 patients with 1988 non-syndromic ST were identified. The prevalence of ST and LDST was 3.82% and 0.14%, respectively, with a male-female ratio of 1.78:1 and 1.31:1. LDST patients mainly had LDST in multiple (58.33%) and bilaterally (41.67%), with an average of 2.1/patient. Most LDST were normal-shaped (84.13%), vertically oriented (71.43%), located in the mandible (80.16%), and distributed in the premolar region (82.54%). The study also indicated that the development of LDST was correlated with permanent teeth, with LDST developing 6.48 to 10.45 years later. In this study, 72.22% of LDST met the clinical criteria for the third dentition. CONCLUSIONS LDST manifested different clinical features from common ST. LDST might be closely related to the third dentition. CLINICAL RELEVANCE This work would help to comprehend LDST from a clinical perspective, and may be complementary to the criteria of the third dentition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Li
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, No. 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, P.R. China
| | - Xu Gong
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, No. 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, P.R. China
| | - Min Yu
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, No. 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, P.R. China.
| | - Xuemei Gao
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, No. 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, P.R. China.
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12
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Xiong G, Xie N, Nie M, Ling R, Yun B, Xie J, Ren L, Huang Y, Wang W, Yi C, Zhang M, Xu X, Zhang C, Zou B, Zhang L, Liu X, Huang H, Chen D, Cao W, Wang C. Single-cell transcriptomics reveals cell atlas and identifies cycling tumor cells responsible for recurrence in ameloblastoma. Int J Oral Sci 2024; 16:21. [PMID: 38424060 PMCID: PMC10904398 DOI: 10.1038/s41368-024-00281-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Ameloblastoma is a benign tumor characterized by locally invasive phenotypes, leading to facial bone destruction and a high recurrence rate. However, the mechanisms governing tumor initiation and recurrence are poorly understood. Here, we uncovered cellular landscapes and mechanisms that underlie tumor recurrence in ameloblastoma at single-cell resolution. Our results revealed that ameloblastoma exhibits five tumor subpopulations varying with respect to immune response (IR), bone remodeling (BR), tooth development (TD), epithelial development (ED), and cell cycle (CC) signatures. Of note, we found that CC ameloblastoma cells were endowed with stemness and contributed to tumor recurrence, which was dominated by the EZH2-mediated program. Targeting EZH2 effectively eliminated CC ameloblastoma cells and inhibited tumor growth in ameloblastoma patient-derived organoids. These data described the tumor subpopulation and clarified the identity, function, and regulatory mechanism of CC ameloblastoma cells, providing a potential therapeutic target for ameloblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gan Xiong
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nan Xie
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Nie
- Department of Periodontics, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Research of Oral Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rongsong Ling
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bokai Yun
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaxiang Xie
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linlin Ren
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaqi Huang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenjin Wang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chen Yi
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiuyun Xu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Caihua Zhang
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bin Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Leitao Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiqiang Liu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongzhang Huang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Demeng Chen
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Cao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial & Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China.
| | - Cheng Wang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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13
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He B, Kram V, Furusawa T, Duverger O, Chu E, Nanduri R, Ishikawa M, Zhang P, Amendt B, Lee J, Bustin M. Epigenetic Regulation of Ameloblast Differentiation by HMGN Proteins. J Dent Res 2024; 103:51-61. [PMID: 37950483 PMCID: PMC10850876 DOI: 10.1177/00220345231202468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental enamel formation is coordinated by ameloblast differentiation, production of enamel matrix proteins, and crystal growth. The factors regulating ameloblast differentiation are not fully understood. Here we show that the high mobility group N (HMGN) nucleosomal binding proteins modulate the rate of ameloblast differentiation and enamel formation. We found that HMGN1 and HMGN2 proteins are downregulated during mouse ameloblast differentiation. Genetically altered mice lacking HMGN1 and HMGN2 proteins show faster ameloblast differentiation and a higher rate of enamel deposition in mice molars and incisors. In vitro differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells to dental epithelium cells showed that HMGN proteins modulate the expression and chromatin accessibility of ameloblast-specific genes and affect the binding of transcription factors epiprofin and PITX2 to ameloblast-specific genes. Our results suggest that HMGN proteins regulate ameloblast differentiation and enamel mineralization by modulating lineage-specific chromatin accessibility and transcription factor binding to ameloblast regulatory sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. He
- Protein Section, Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Craniofacial Anomalies and Regeneration Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - V. Kram
- Molecular Biology of Bones & Teeth Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - T. Furusawa
- Protein Section, Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - O. Duverger
- Craniofacial Anomalies and Regeneration Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - E.Y. Chu
- Department of General Dentistry, Operative Division, University of Maryland, School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - R. Nanduri
- Protein Section, Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - M. Ishikawa
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - P. Zhang
- Molecular Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - B.A. Amendt
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, and the Craniofacial Anomalies Research Center, Carver College of Medicine, the University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - J.S. Lee
- Craniofacial Anomalies and Regeneration Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - M. Bustin
- Protein Section, Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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14
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Shao F, Van Otterloo E, Cao H. Computational identification of key transcription factors for embryonic and postnatal Sox2+ dental epithelial stem cell. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.22.573158. [PMID: 38187542 PMCID: PMC10769342 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.22.573158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
While many reptiles can replace their tooth throughout life, human loss the tooth replacement capability after formation of the permanent teeth. It was thought that the difference in tooth regeneration capability depends on the persistence of a specialized dental epithelial structure, the dental lamina that contains dental epithelial stem cells (DESC). Currently, we know very little about DESC such as what genes are expressed or its chromatin accessibility profile. Multiple markers of DESC have been proposed such as Sox2 and Lgr5 . Few single cell RNA-seq experiments have been performed previously, but no obvious DESC cluster was identified in these scRNA-seq datasets, possible due to that the expression level of DESC markers such as Sox2 and Lgr5 is too low or the percentage of DESC is too low in whole tooth. We utilize a mouse line Sox2-GFP to enrich Sox2+ DESC and use Smart-Seq2 protocol and ATAC-seq protocol to generate transcriptome profile and chromatin accessibility profile of P2 Sox2+ DESC. Additionally, we generate transcriptome profile and chromatin accessibility profile of E11.5 Sox2+ dental lamina cells. With transcriptome profile and chromatin accessibility profile, we systematically identify potential key transcription factors for E11.5 Sox2+ cells and P2 Sox2+ cells. We identified transcription factors including Pitx2, Id3, Pitx1, Tbx1, Trp63, Nkx2-3, Grhl3, Dlx2, Runx1, Nfix, Zfp536 , etc potentially formed the core transcriptional regulatory networks of Sox2+ DESC in both embryonic and postnatal stages.
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15
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Li G, Li Q, Shen Z, Lin X, Li X, Wang J, Zhao B, Feng Y, Feng L, Guo W, Hu L, Wang J, Zhang C, Fan Z, Wang S, Wu X. Fibulin-1 Regulates Initiation of Successional Dental Lamina. J Dent Res 2023; 102:1220-1230. [PMID: 37448354 DOI: 10.1177/00220345231182052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In humans, teeth are replaced only once, and the successional dental lamina (SDL) of the permanent tooth is maintained in a quiescent state until adolescence. Recently, we showed that biomechanical stress generated by the rapid growth of the deciduous tooth inhibits SDL development via integrin β1-RUNX2 signaling at embryonic day 60 (E60) in miniature pigs. However, the mechanism by which RUNX2 regulates SDL initiation within the SDL stem cell niche remains unclear. In the current study, we transcriptionally profiled single cells from SDL and surrounding mesenchyme at E60 and identified the landscape of cellular heterogeneity. We then identified a specific fibroblast subtype in the dental follicle mesenchyme between the deciduous tooth and the SDL of the permanent tooth (DFDP), which constitutes the inner part of the niche (deciduous tooth side). Compared with traditional dental follicle cells, the specific expression profile of DFDP was identified and found to be related to biomechanical stress. Subsequently, we found that RUNX2 could bind to the enhancer regions of Fbln1 (gene of fibulin-1), one of the marker genes for DFDP. Through gain- and loss-of-function experiments, we proved that the biomechanical stress-mediated RUNX2-fibulin-1 axis inhibits the initiation of SDL by maintaining SDL niche homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Li
- Beijing Laboratory of Oral Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Molecular Laboratory of Gene Therapy and Tooth Regeneration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China
- Department of Dental Implantology, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Q Li
- Beijing Laboratory of Oral Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Molecular Laboratory of Gene Therapy and Tooth Regeneration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Z Shen
- Beijing Laboratory of Oral Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Molecular Laboratory of Gene Therapy and Tooth Regeneration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - X Lin
- Beijing Laboratory of Oral Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Molecular Laboratory of Gene Therapy and Tooth Regeneration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - X Li
- Academician Workstation for Oral-Maxillofacial Regenerative Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - J Wang
- Beijing Laboratory of Oral Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Molecular Laboratory of Gene Therapy and Tooth Regeneration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - B Zhao
- Beijing Laboratory of Oral Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Molecular Laboratory of Gene Therapy and Tooth Regeneration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Y Feng
- Beijing Laboratory of Oral Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Molecular Laboratory of Gene Therapy and Tooth Regeneration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - L Feng
- Beijing Laboratory of Oral Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Molecular Laboratory of Gene Therapy and Tooth Regeneration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - W Guo
- Beijing Laboratory of Oral Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Molecular Laboratory of Gene Therapy and Tooth Regeneration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - L Hu
- Beijing Laboratory of Oral Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Molecular Laboratory of Gene Therapy and Tooth Regeneration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - J Wang
- Beijing Laboratory of Oral Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Molecular Laboratory of Gene Therapy and Tooth Regeneration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - C Zhang
- Beijing Laboratory of Oral Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Molecular Laboratory of Gene Therapy and Tooth Regeneration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Z Fan
- Beijing Laboratory of Oral Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Molecular Laboratory of Gene Therapy and Tooth Regeneration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - S Wang
- Beijing Laboratory of Oral Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Molecular Laboratory of Gene Therapy and Tooth Regeneration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, China
- Academician Workstation for Oral-Maxillofacial Regenerative Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Capital Medical University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - X Wu
- Beijing Laboratory of Oral Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Academician Workstation for Oral-Maxillofacial Regenerative Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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16
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Thaler R, Yoshizaki K, Nguyen T, Fukumoto S, Den Besten P, Bikle DD, Oda Y. Mediator 1 ablation induces enamel-to-hair lineage conversion in mice through enhancer dynamics. Commun Biol 2023; 6:766. [PMID: 37479880 PMCID: PMC10362024 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05105-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Postnatal cell fate is postulated to be primarily determined by the local tissue microenvironment. Here, we find that Mediator 1 (Med1) dependent epigenetic mechanisms dictate tissue-specific lineage commitment and progression of dental epithelia. Deletion of Med1, a key component of the Mediator complex linking enhancer activities to gene transcription, provokes a tissue extrinsic lineage shift, causing hair generation in incisors. Med1 deficiency gives rise to unusual hair growth via primitive cellular aggregates. Mechanistically, we find that MED1 establishes super-enhancers that control enamel lineage transcription factors in dental stem cells and their progenies. However, Med1 deficiency reshapes the enhancer landscape and causes a switch from the dental transcriptional program towards hair and epidermis on incisors in vivo, and in dental epithelial stem cells in vitro. Med1 loss also provokes an increase in the number and size of enhancers. Interestingly, control dental epithelia already exhibit enhancers for hair and epidermal key transcription factors; these transform into super-enhancers upon Med1 loss suggesting that these epigenetic mechanisms cause the shift towards epidermal and hair lineages. Thus, we propose a role for Med1 in safeguarding lineage specific enhancers, highlight the central role of enhancer accessibility in lineage reprogramming and provide insights into ectodermal regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Thaler
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Keigo Yoshizaki
- Section of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Kyushu University Faculty of Dental Science, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Thai Nguyen
- Departments of Medicine and Endocrinology, University of California San Francisco and San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Satoshi Fukumoto
- Section of Pediatric Dentistry, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Kyushu University Faculty of Dental Science, Fukuoka, Japan
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Oral Health and Development Sciences, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Pamela Den Besten
- Department of Dentistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Daniel D Bikle
- Departments of Medicine and Endocrinology, University of California San Francisco and San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yuko Oda
- Departments of Medicine and Endocrinology, University of California San Francisco and San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Center, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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17
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Kyomen S, Murillo-Rincón AP, Kaucká M. Evolutionary mechanisms modulating the mammalian skull development. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2023; 378:20220080. [PMID: 37183900 PMCID: PMC10184257 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2022.0080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammals possess impressive craniofacial variation that mirrors their adaptation to diverse ecological niches, feeding behaviour, physiology and overall lifestyle. The spectrum of craniofacial geometries is established mainly during embryonic development. The formation of the head represents a sequence of events regulated on genomic, molecular, cellular and tissue level, with each step taking place under tight spatio-temporal control. Even minor variations in timing, position or concentration of the molecular drivers and the resulting events can affect the final shape, size and position of the skeletal elements and the geometry of the head. Our knowledge of craniofacial development increased substantially in the last decades, mainly due to research using conventional vertebrate model organisms. However, how developmental differences in head formation arise specifically within mammals remains largely unexplored. This review highlights three evolutionary mechanisms acknowledged to modify ontogenesis: heterochrony, heterotopy and heterometry. We present recent research that links changes in developmental timing, spatial organization or gene expression levels to the acquisition of species-specific skull morphologies. We highlight how these evolutionary modifications occur on the level of the genes, molecules and cellular processes, and alter conserved developmental programmes to generate a broad spectrum of skull shapes characteristic of the class Mammalia. This article is part of the theme issue 'The mammalian skull: development, structure and function'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella Kyomen
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, August-Thienemann-Strasse 2, Plön 24306, Germany
| | - Andrea P Murillo-Rincón
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, August-Thienemann-Strasse 2, Plön 24306, Germany
| | - Markéta Kaucká
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, August-Thienemann-Strasse 2, Plön 24306, Germany
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18
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Popowics T, Mulimani P. Mammalian dental diversity: an evolutionary template for regenerative dentistry. FRONTIERS IN DENTAL MEDICINE 2023; 4:1158482. [PMID: 39916902 PMCID: PMC11797774 DOI: 10.3389/fdmed.2023.1158482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2025] Open
Abstract
The discovery of odontogenic mechanisms essential for regenerating dental tissues and eventually developing a biomimetic artificial whole tooth for replacement is an ongoing aspiration for dental clinicians and researchers. Studying the diversity, development and evolutionary changes of mammalian dentitions can provide key insights into the mechanisms of odontogenesis that can be harnessed for regenerative dental medicine. A myriad of influences is expected to have shaped the dentitions of mammals and our objective is to highlight the contributions of phylogeny, functional adaptation, and development to tooth shape. Innovations in tooth shape analysis will be discussed, such as in imaging methodologies and quantitative comparisons, molecular biology approaches to phylogeny and the ontogenetic basis of tooth form. Study of the inter- and intra-species differences in tooth form as well as dental anomalies has provided clues toward the mechanisms of evolutionary change in dental form. Thus, phenotypic variation in tooth shape will also be discussed, including the role of development in creating tooth shape differences that evolutionary selection pressures may act upon. Functional adaptations have occurred in the context of the phylogenetic signal of primitive mammals, and predecessors to each phylogenetic branch, and examples will be discussed within members of the Order Carnivora, the Superfamily Suoidea and the Order Primates. The comparative study of mammalian tooth shape holds the potential to inform dental research areas, such as etiopathogeneses of dental variation and tooth shape anomalies, molecular mechanisms of tooth development and functional issues. Ultimately, insights from these research areas can be potentially translated for futuristic clinical applications like regeneration of various tooth tissue layers and eventually full tooth replacement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy Popowics
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, University of Washington School of Dentistry, Seattle, WA, United States
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19
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Adisornkanj P, Chanprasit R, Eliason S, Fons JM, Intachai W, Tongsima S, Olsen B, Arold ST, Ngamphiw C, Amendt BA, Tucker AS, Kantaputra P. Genetic Variants in Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Non-Receptor Type 23 Are Responsible for Mesiodens Formation. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:393. [PMID: 36979085 PMCID: PMC10045488 DOI: 10.3390/biology12030393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
A mesiodens is a supernumerary tooth located in the midline of the premaxilla. To investigate the genetic cause of mesiodens, clinical and radiographic examination were performed on 23 family members of a two-generation Hmong family. Whole exome sequencing (WES) or Sanger sequencing were performed in 22 family members and two unrelated Thai patients with mesiodens. WES in the Hmong family revealed a missense mutation (c.1807G>A;p.Glu603Lys) in PTPN23 in seven affected members and six unaffected members. The mode of inheritance was autosomal dominance with incomplete penetrance (53.84%). Two additional mutations in PTPN23, c.2248C>G;p.Pro750Ala and c.3298C>T;p.Arg1100Cys were identified in two unrelated patients with mesiodens. PTPN23 is a regulator of endosomal trafficking functioning to move activated membrane receptors, such as EGFR, from the endosomal sorting complex towards the ESCRT-III complex for multivesicular body biogenesis, lysosomal degradation, and subsequent downregulation of receptor signaling. Immunohistochemical study and RNAscope on developing mouse embryos showed broad expression of PTPN23 in oral tissues, while immunofluorescence showed that EGFR was specifically concentrated in the midline epithelium. Importantly, PTPN23 mutant protein was shown to have reduced phosphatase activity. In conclusion, mesiodens were associated with genetic variants in PTPN23, suggesting that mesiodens may form due to defects in endosomal trafficking, leading to disrupted midline signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ploy Adisornkanj
- Center of Excellence in Medical Genetics Research, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Rajit Chanprasit
- Dental Department, Wiang Kaen Hospital, Wiang Kaen, Chiang Rai 57310, Thailand
| | - Steven Eliason
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology and the Craniofacial Anomalies Research Center, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Juan M. Fons
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King’s College London, Floor 27 Guy’ Hospital, London Bridge, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Worrachet Intachai
- Center of Excellence in Medical Genetics Research, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Sissades Tongsima
- National Biobank of Thailand, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Thailand Science Park, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Bjorn Olsen
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Stefan T. Arold
- Computational Bioscience Research Center, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- Center for Structural Biology, National Institute of Health and Medical Research, National Centre for Scientific Research, University of Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Chumpol Ngamphiw
- National Biobank of Thailand, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Thailand Science Park, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Brad A. Amendt
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology and the Craniofacial Anomalies Research Center, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Iowa Institute of Oral Health Research, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Abigail S. Tucker
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King’s College London, Floor 27 Guy’ Hospital, London Bridge, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Piranit Kantaputra
- Center of Excellence in Medical Genetics Research, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
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20
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Cooper RL, Nicklin EF, Rasch LJ, Fraser GJ. Teeth outside the mouth: The evolution and development of shark denticles. Evol Dev 2023; 25:54-72. [PMID: 36594351 DOI: 10.1111/ede.12427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Vertebrate skin appendages are incredibly diverse. This diversity, which includes structures such as scales, feathers, and hair, likely evolved from a shared anatomical placode, suggesting broad conservation of the early development of these organs. Some of the earliest known skin appendages are dentine and enamel-rich tooth-like structures, collectively known as odontodes. These appendages evolved over 450 million years ago. Elasmobranchs (sharks, skates, and rays) have retained these ancient skin appendages in the form of both dermal denticles (scales) and oral teeth. Despite our knowledge of denticle function in adult sharks, our understanding of their development and morphogenesis is less advanced. Even though denticles in sharks appear structurally similar to oral teeth, there has been limited data directly comparing the molecular development of these distinct elements. Here, we chart the development of denticles in the embryonic small-spotted catshark (Scyliorhinus canicula) and characterize the expression of conserved genes known to mediate dental development. We find that shark denticle development shares a vast gene expression signature with developing teeth. However, denticles have restricted regenerative potential, as they lack a sox2+ stem cell niche associated with the maintenance of a dental lamina, an essential requirement for continuous tooth replacement. We compare developing denticles to other skin appendages, including both sensory skin appendages and avian feathers. This reveals that denticles are not only tooth-like in structure, but that they also share an ancient developmental gene set that is likely common to all epidermal appendages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rory L Cooper
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, The University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ella F Nicklin
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Liam J Rasch
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Gareth J Fraser
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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21
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Nuclear Factor I-C Regulates Stemness Genes and Proliferation of Stem Cells in Various Mineralized Tissue through Epithelial-Mesenchymal Interactions in Dental Epithelial Stem Cells. Stem Cells Int 2022; 2022:1092184. [PMID: 36213683 PMCID: PMC9533135 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1092184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tooth development includes numerous cell divisions and cell-cell interactions generating the stem cell niche. After an indefinite number of divisions, pluripotent cells differentiate into various types of cells. Nuclear factor I (NFI) transcription factors are known as crucial regulators in various organ development and stem cell biology. Among its members, nuclear factor I-C (NFI-C) has been reported to play an essential role in odontogenesis. Nfic knockout mice show malformation in all mineralized tissues, but it remains unclear which stage of development Nfic is involved in. We previously reported that Nfic induces the differentiation of ameloblast, odontoblast, and osteoblast. However, the question remains whether Nfic participates in the late stage of development, perpetuating the proliferation of stem cells. This study aimed to elucidate the underlying mechanism of NFI-C function in stem cells capable of forming hard tissues. Here, we demonstrate that Nfic regulates Sox2 and cell proliferation in diverse mineralized tissue stem cells such as dental epithelial stem cells (DESCs), dental pulp stem cells, and bone marrow stem cells, but not in fibroblasts. It was also involved in the expression of pluripotency genes Lin28 and NANOG. Especially in DESCs, Nfic regulates the proliferation of epithelial cells via epithelial-mesenchymal interactions, which are the Fgf8-Nfic-Sox2 pathway in epithelium and Nfic-Fgf10 in the mesenchyme. Moreover, Nfic slightly increased reprogramming efficiency in induced pluripotent stem cells of mineralized tissues, but not in soft tissues. In conclusion, these results suggest that Nfic is a crucial factor for maintaining the stem cell niche of mineralized tissues and provides a possibility for Nfic as an additional factor in improving reprogramming efficiency.
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22
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Maho T, Maho S, Scott D, Reisz RR. Permian hypercarnivore suggests dental complexity among early amniotes. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4882. [PMID: 35986022 PMCID: PMC9391490 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32621-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe oldest known complex terrestrial vertebrate community included hypercarnivorous varanopids, a successful clade of amniotes with wide geographic and temporal distributions. Little is known about their dentition and feeding behaviour, but with the unprecedented number of specimens of the varanopid Mesenosaurus from cave deposits in Oklahoma, we show that it exhibited serrations on the tooth crowns, and exceptionally rapid rates of development and reduced longevity relative to other terrestrial amniotes. In contrast, the coeval large apex predator Dimetrodon greatly increased dental longevity by increasing thickness and massiveness, whereas herbivores greatly reduced tooth replacement rates and increased dental longevity. Insectivores and omnivores represented the primitive condition and maintained modest replacement rates and longevity. The varied patterns of dental development among these early terrestrial amniotes reveal a hidden aspect of dental complexity in the emerging diverse amniote community, very soon after their initial appearance in the fossil record.
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23
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Traver C, Miralles L, Barcia JM. Association between Molecular Mechanisms and Tooth Eruption in Children with Obesity. CHILDREN 2022; 9:children9081209. [PMID: 36010098 PMCID: PMC9406572 DOI: 10.3390/children9081209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Different works have reported earlier permanent teething in obese/overweight children compared to control ones. In contrast, others have reported a delayed permanent teething in undernutrition/underweight children compared to control one. It has been reported that becoming overweight or suffering from obesity can increase gingival pro-inflammatory drive and can affect orthodontic treatment (among other complications). In this sense, little is known about the molecular mechanisms affecting dental eruption timing. Leptin and adiponectin are adipocytokines signaling molecules released in overweight and underweight conditions, respectively. These adipocytokines can modulate osteocyte, odontoblast, and cementoblast activity, even regulating dental lamina initiation. The present review focuses on the molecular approach wherein leptin and adiponectin act as modulators of Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx 2) gene regulating dental eruption timing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Traver
- Department of Dentistry, Catholic University of Valencia San Vicente Mártir, 46001 Valencia, Spain
- Doctoral School, Catholic University of Valencia San Vicente Mártir, 46001 Valencia, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Lucía Miralles
- Department of Dentistry, Catholic University of Valencia San Vicente Mártir, 46001 Valencia, Spain
| | - Jorge Miguel Barcia
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Catholic University of Valencia San Vicente Mártir, 46001 Valencia, Spain
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24
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Paul KS, Stojanowski CM, Hughes T, Brook AH, Townsend GC. Genetic Correlation, Pleiotropy, and Molar Morphology in a Longitudinal Sample of Australian Twins and Families. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13060996. [PMID: 35741762 PMCID: PMC9222655 DOI: 10.3390/genes13060996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aims to expand our understanding of the genetic architecture of crown morphology in the human diphyodont dentition. Here, we present bivariate genetic correlation estimates for deciduous and permanent molar traits and evaluate the patterns of pleiotropy within (e.g., m1–m2) and between (e.g., m2–M1) dentitions. Morphology was observed and scored from dental models representing participants of an Australian twin and family study (deciduous n = 290, permanent n = 339). Data collection followed Arizona State University Dental Anthropology System standards. Genetic correlation estimates were generated using maximum likelihood variance components analysis in SOLAR v.8.1.1. Approximately 23% of deciduous variance components models and 30% of permanent variance components models yielded significant genetic correlation estimates. By comparison, over half (56%) of deciduous–permanent homologues (e.g., m2 hypocone–M1 hypocone) were significantly genetically correlated. It is generally assumed that the deciduous and permanent molars represent members of a meristic molar field emerging from the primary dental lamina. However, stronger genetic integration among m2–M1/M2 homologues than among paired deciduous traits suggests the m2 represents the anterior-most member of a “true” molar field. The results indicate genetic factors act at distinct points throughout development to generate homologous molar form, starting with the m2, which is later replaced by a permanent premolariform crown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen S. Paul
- Department of Anthropology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-479-718-1352
| | - Christopher M. Stojanowski
- Center for Bioarchaeological Research, School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA;
| | - Toby Hughes
- Adelaide Dental School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia; (T.H.); (A.H.B.)
| | - Alan H. Brook
- Adelaide Dental School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia; (T.H.); (A.H.B.)
- Barts and the London Dental Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6AX, UK
| | - Grant C. Townsend
- Adelaide Dental School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia; (T.H.); (A.H.B.)
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25
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Salomies L, Eymann J, Ollonen J, Khan I, Di-Poï N. The developmental origins of heterodonty and acrodonty as revealed by reptile dentitions. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabj7912. [PMID: 34919438 PMCID: PMC8682985 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abj7912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Despite the exceptional diversity and central role of dentitions in vertebrate evolution, many aspects of tooth characters remain unknown. Here, we exploit the large array of dental phenotypes in acrodontan lizards, including EDA mutants showing the first vertebrate example of positional transformation in tooth identity, to assess the developmental origins and evolutionary patterning of tooth types and heterodonty. We reveal that pleurodont versus acrodont dentition can be determined by a simple mechanism, where modulation of tooth size through EDA signaling has major consequences on dental formula, thereby providing a new flexible tooth patterning model. Furthermore, such implication of morphoregulation in tooth evolution allows predicting the dental patterns characterizing extant and fossil lepidosaurian taxa at large scale. Together, the origins and diversification of tooth types, long a focus of multiple research fields, can now be approached through evo-devo approaches, highlighting the importance of underexplored dental features for illuminating major evolutionary patterns.
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26
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Hermans F, Hemeryck L, Lambrichts I, Bronckaers A, Vankelecom H. Intertwined Signaling Pathways Governing Tooth Development: A Give-and-Take Between Canonical Wnt and Shh. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:758203. [PMID: 34778267 PMCID: PMC8586510 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.758203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Teeth play essential roles in life. Their development relies on reciprocal interactions between the ectoderm-derived dental epithelium and the underlying neural crest-originated mesenchyme. This odontogenic process serves as a prototype model for the development of ectodermal appendages. In the mouse, developing teeth go through distinct morphological phases that are tightly controlled by epithelial signaling centers. Crucial molecular regulators of odontogenesis include the evolutionarily conserved Wnt, BMP, FGF and sonic hedgehog (Shh) pathways. These signaling modules do not act on their own, but are closely intertwined during tooth development, thereby outlining the path to be taken by specific cell populations including the resident dental stem cells. Recently, pivotal Wnt-Shh interaction and feedback loops have been uncovered during odontogenesis, showing conservation in other developing ectodermal appendages. This review provides an integrated overview of the interplay between canonical Wnt and Shh throughout mouse tooth formation stages, extending from the initiation of dental placode to the fully formed adult tooth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Hermans
- Laboratory of Tissue Plasticity in Health and Disease, Cluster of Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Department of Development and Regeneration, Leuven Stem Cell Institute, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Leuven, Belgium.,Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Department of Cardio and Organ Systems, UHasselt-Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Lara Hemeryck
- Laboratory of Tissue Plasticity in Health and Disease, Cluster of Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Department of Development and Regeneration, Leuven Stem Cell Institute, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ivo Lambrichts
- Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Department of Cardio and Organ Systems, UHasselt-Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Annelies Bronckaers
- Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Department of Cardio and Organ Systems, UHasselt-Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Hugo Vankelecom
- Laboratory of Tissue Plasticity in Health and Disease, Cluster of Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Department of Development and Regeneration, Leuven Stem Cell Institute, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
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27
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Mao C, Lai Y, Liao C, Chen J, Hong Y, Ren C, Wang C, Lu M, Chen W. Revitalizing mouse diphyodontic dentition formation by inhibiting the sonic hedgehog signaling pathway. Dev Dyn 2021; 251:759-776. [PMID: 34719835 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tooth regeneration depends on the longevity of the dental epithelial lamina. However, the exact mechanism of dental lamina regression has not yet been clarified. To explore the role of the Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling pathway in regression process of the rudimentary successional dental lamina (RSDL) in mice, we orally administered a single dose of a Shh signaling pathway inhibitor to pregnant mice between embryonic day 13.0 (E13.0) and E17.0. RESULTS We observed that the Shh signaling pathway inhibitor effectively inhibited the expression of Shh signaling pathway components and revitalized RSDL during E15.0-E17.0 by promoting cell proliferation. In addition, mRNA-seq, reverse transcription plus polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), and immunohistochemical analyses indicated that diphyodontic dentition formation might be related to FGF signal up-regulation and the Sostdc1-Wnt negative feedback loop. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our results indicated that the Shh signaling pathway may play an initial role in preventing further development of mouse RSDL in a time-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanqing Mao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Stomatological Key Lab of Fujian College and University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Institute of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yongzhen Lai
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Caiyu Liao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Stomatological Key Lab of Fujian College and University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Institute of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jiangping Chen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China.,Institute of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yuhang Hong
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China.,Institute of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chengyan Ren
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Stomatological Key Lab of Fujian College and University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Institute of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chengyong Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Meng Lu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Weihui Chen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Stomatological Key Lab of Fujian College and University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian Biological Materials Engineering and Technology Center of Stomatology, Fuzhou, China
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28
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Chen Y, Wang Z, Lin C, Chen Y, Hu X, Zhang Y. Activated Epithelial FGF8 Signaling Induces Fused Supernumerary Incisors. J Dent Res 2021; 101:458-464. [PMID: 34706590 DOI: 10.1177/00220345211046590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
FGF8, which is specifically expressed in the dental epithelium prior to the E12.5 bud stage, is a key player during odontogenesis, being responsible for the initiation of tooth development. Here, to investigate the impact of persistent FGF8 signaling on tooth development, we forcibly activated FGF8 signaling in the dental epithelium after the bud stage by generating K14-Cre;R26R-Fg8 mice. We found that a unique type of fused supernumerary incisors is formed, although morphologically resembling the features of type II dens invaginatus in humans. Further analysis revealed that ectopically activated epithelial FGF8 alters the cell fate of the incisor lingual outer enamel epithelium, endowing it with odontogenic potential by the activation of several key tooth genes, including Pitx2, Sox2, Lef-1, p38, and Erk1/2, and induces de novo formation of an extra incisor crown lingually in parallel to the original one, leading to the formation of an extra incisor crown and fused with the original incisor eventually. Meanwhile, the overdosed epithelial FGF8 signaling dramatically downregulates the expression of mesenchymal Bmp4, leading to severely impaired enamel mineralization. Based on the location of the extra incisors, we propose that they are likely to be rescued replacement teeth. Our results further demonstrate the essential role of FGF8 signaling for tooth initiation and the establishment of progenitor cells of dental epithelial stem cells during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Chen
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Developmental and Neural Biology & Southern Center for Biomedical Research, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China.,The Engineering Technological Center of Mushroom Industry, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Z Wang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Developmental and Neural Biology & Southern Center for Biomedical Research, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - C Lin
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Developmental and Neural Biology & Southern Center for Biomedical Research, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Y Chen
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - X Hu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Developmental and Neural Biology & Southern Center for Biomedical Research, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Y Zhang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Developmental and Neural Biology & Southern Center for Biomedical Research, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
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29
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Li D, Wang X, Yao L, Jing H, Qin T, Li M, Zhang S, Chen Z, Zhang L. Sox2 controls asymmetric patterning of ameloblast lineage commitment by regulation of FGF signaling in the mouse incisor. J Mol Histol 2021; 52:1035-1042. [PMID: 34279757 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-021-10005-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Mouse incisors are covered by enamel only on the labial side and the lingual side is covered by dentin without enamel. This asymmetric distribution of enamel makes it possible to be abrased on the lingual side, generating the sharp cutting edge of incisor on the labial side. The abrasion of mouse incisors is compensated by the continuous growth throughout life. Epithelium stem cells responsible for its continuous growth are reported to localize within the labial cervical loop. The transcription factor Sox2 plays important roles in the maintenance of stem cell pluripotency and organ formation. We previously found that Sox2 mainly expressed in the dental epithelium. Besides, Sox2 has been reported to be a dental epithelium stem cell marker in the incisor. However, the exact mechanism of Sox2 controlling amelogenesis is still not quite clearly elucidated. Here we report that conditional deletion of Sox2 in the dental epithelium using Shhcre caused impaired ameloblast differentiation in the labial side and induced ectopic ameloblast-like cell differentiation on the lingual side. Abnormal FGF gene expression was detected by RNAscope in situ hybridization in the mutant incisor. Collectively, we speculate that asymmetric ameloblast lineage commitment of mouse incisor might be regulated by Sox2 through FGF signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Li
- Department of Stomatology, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, No. 717 Jinbu Street, Yantai, 264100, Shandong, China
- Binzhou Medical University, No. 346 Guanhai Street, Yantai, 264003, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaofei Wang
- Binzhou Medical University, No. 346 Guanhai Street, Yantai, 264003, Shandong, China
- Department of Stomatology, Binzhou Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou, 256600, Shandong, China
| | - Liping Yao
- Department of Cariology and Endodontology, Yantai Stomatological Hospital, Yantai, 264008, Shandong, China
| | - Huaixiang Jing
- Department of Stomatology, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, No. 717 Jinbu Street, Yantai, 264100, Shandong, China
| | - Tiantian Qin
- Department of Stomatology, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, No. 717 Jinbu Street, Yantai, 264100, Shandong, China
| | - Mingyue Li
- Binzhou Medical University, No. 346 Guanhai Street, Yantai, 264003, Shandong, China
| | - Shuyu Zhang
- Binzhou Medical University, No. 346 Guanhai Street, Yantai, 264003, Shandong, China
| | - Zhi Chen
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedicine of Ministry of Education (KLOBM), School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China.
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, No. 717 Jinbu Street, Yantai, 264100, Shandong, China.
- Binzhou Medical University, No. 346 Guanhai Street, Yantai, 264003, Shandong, China.
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30
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Phattarataratip E, Panitkul T, Khodkaew W, Anupuntanun P, Jaroonvechatam J, Pitarangsikul S. Expression of SOX2 and OCT4 in odontogenic cysts and tumors. Head Face Med 2021; 17:29. [PMID: 34261507 PMCID: PMC8278639 DOI: 10.1186/s13005-021-00283-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Aberrant expression of stem cell markers has been observed in several types of neoplasms. This trait attributes to the acquired stem-like property of tumor cells and can impact patient prognosis. The objective of this study was to comparatively analyze the expression and significance of SOX2 and OCT4 in various types of odontogenic cysts and tumors. Methods Fifty-five cases of odontogenic cysts and tumors, including 15 ameloblastomas (AM), 5 adenomatoid odontogenic tumors (AOT), 5 ameloblastic fibromas (AF), 5 calcifying odontogenic cysts (COC), 10 dentigerous cysts (DC) and 15 odontogenic keratocysts (OKC) were investigated for the expression of SOX2 and OCT4 immunohistochemically. Results Most OKCs (86.7 %) and all AFs expressed SOX2 in more than 50 % of epithelial cells. Its immunoreactivity was moderate-to-strong in all epithelial cell types in both lesions. In contrast, SOX2 expression was undetectable in AOTs and limited to the ameloblast-like cells in a minority of AM and COC cases. Most DCs showed positive staining in less than 25 % of cystic epithelium. Significantly greater SOX2 expression was noted in OKC compared with DC or AM, and in AF compared with COC or AOT. OCT4 rarely expressed in odontogenic lesions with the immunoreactivity being mild and present exclusively in OKCs. Conclusions SOX2 is differentially expressed in odontogenic cysts and tumors. This could be related to their diverse cells of origin or stages of histogenesis. The overexpression of SOX2 and OCT4 in OKC indicates the acquired stem-like property. Future studies should investigate whether the overexpression of OCT4 and SOX2 contributes to the aggressive behaviors of the tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekarat Phattarataratip
- Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Henri-Dunant Road, Pathumwan, 10330, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Tarit Panitkul
- Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Henri-Dunant Road, Pathumwan, 10330, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Watunyoo Khodkaew
- Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Henri-Dunant Road, Pathumwan, 10330, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pattarapong Anupuntanun
- Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Henri-Dunant Road, Pathumwan, 10330, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jirapat Jaroonvechatam
- Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Henri-Dunant Road, Pathumwan, 10330, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sirawit Pitarangsikul
- Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Henri-Dunant Road, Pathumwan, 10330, Bangkok, Thailand
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31
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Fraser GJ, Standing A, Underwood C, Thiery AP. The Dental Lamina: An Essential Structure for Perpetual Tooth Regeneration in Sharks. Integr Comp Biol 2021; 60:644-655. [PMID: 32663287 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icaa102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, nonclassical models have emerged as mainstays for studies of evolutionary, developmental, and regenerative biology. Genomic advances have promoted the use of alternative taxa for the study of developmental biology, and the shark is one such emerging model vertebrate. Our research utilizes the embryonic shark (Scyliorhinus canicula) to characterize key developmental and regenerative processes that have been overlooked or not possible to study with more classic developmental models. Tooth development is a major event in the construction of the vertebrate body plan, linked in part with the emergence of jaws. Early development of the teeth and morphogenesis is well known from the murine model, but the process of tooth redevelopment and regeneration is less well known. Here we explore the role of the dental lamina in the development of a highly regenerative dentition in sharks. The shark represents a polyphyodont vertebrate with continuously repeated whole tooth regeneration. This is presented as a major developmental shift from the more derived renewal process that the murine model offers, where incisors exhibit continuous renewal and growth of the same tooth. Not only does the shark offer a study system for whole unit dental regeneration, it also represents an important model for understanding the evolutionary context of vertebrate tooth regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gareth J Fraser
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, 32611, FL, USA
| | - Ariane Standing
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, 32611, FL, USA
| | - Charlie Underwood
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of London, WC1E 7HX, Birkbeck, London, UK
| | - Alexandre P Thiery
- Department of Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology, King's College London, SE1 9RT, London, UK
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32
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Hovorakova M, Zahradnicek O, Bartos M, Hurnik P, Stransky J, Stembirek J, Tucker AS. Reawakening of Ancestral Dental Potential as a Mechanism to Explain Dental Pathologies. Integr Comp Biol 2021; 60:619-629. [PMID: 32492167 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icaa053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
During evolution, there has been a trend to reduce both the number of teeth and the location where they are found within the oral cavity. In mammals, the formation of teeth is restricted to a horseshoe band of odontogenic tissue, creating a single dental arch on the top and bottom of the jaw. Additional teeth and structures containing dental tissue, such as odontogenic tumors or cysts, can appear as pathologies. These tooth-like structures can be associated with the normal dentition, appearing within the dental arch, or in nondental areas. The etiology of these pathologies is not well elucidated. Reawakening of the potential to form teeth in different parts of the oral cavity could explain the origin of dental pathologies outside the dental arch, thus such pathologies are a consequence of our evolutionary history. In this review, we look at the changing pattern of tooth formation within the oral cavity during vertebrate evolution, the potential to form additional tooth-like structures in mammals, and discuss how this knowledge shapes our understanding of dental pathologies in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Hovorakova
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Albertov 4, 128 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic.,Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Oldrich Zahradnicek
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Bartos
- Department of Stomatology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, General University Hospital in Prague, Katerinska 32, 12801 Prague 2, Czech Republic.,Institute of Anatomy, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, U Nemocnice 3, Prague 2, 128 00, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Hurnik
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Ostrava, 17. listopadu 1790, Ostrava-Poruba, 708 52, Czech Republic.,Department of Pathology at Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, Syllabova 19, Ostrava-Zabreh, 703 00, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Stransky
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Ostrava, 17. listopadu 1790, 708 52 Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Stembirek
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Ostrava, 17. listopadu 1790, 708 52 Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic.,Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, v.v.i., Czech Academy of Sciences, Veveri 97, 602 00, Brno 2, Czech Republic
| | - Abigail S Tucker
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
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Kim HY, Li S, Lee DJ, Park JH, Muramatsu T, Harada H, Jung YS, Jung HS. Activation of Wnt signalling reduces the population of cancer stem cells in ameloblastoma. Cell Prolif 2021; 54:e13073. [PMID: 34096124 PMCID: PMC8249789 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives The treatment of ameloblastoma, an odontogenic epithelial tumour destroying jawbone, mainly depends on radical destructive resections. Other therapeutic options are limited by the characteristics of ameloblastoma, such as high recurrence rates and resistance to radiation and chemotherapy, which implies possible existence of cancer stem cells (CSCs) in ameloblastoma. Here, we identified a putative CSC population in immortalized and primary human ameloblastoma cells and examined possible therapeutic reagents to reduce the CSC population. Methods We investigated subpopulations of AM‐1 cell line and human ameloblastoma cells using immunocytochemistry and flow cytometry and the effects of Wnt signalling activators on the 2‐ and 3‐dimensional cultured ameloblastoma cells using molecular biological analyses. Result Among heterogenous ameloblastoma cells, small‐sized and round‐shaped cells were found to be proliferative and expressed a marker of dental epithelial stem cells, SRY‐box 2 (Sox2). Exogenous activation of Wnt signalling using glycogen synthase kinase 3β inhibitors, lithium chloride (LiCl) and valproic acid (VPA), increased the cell size and decreased proliferation of cells and expression of Sox2 in 2 dimensionally cultured AM‐1 and human primary ameloblastoma cells. Furthermore, the growth of 3 dimensionally cultured AM‐1 cells as suspended or embedded in gel was suppressed by treatment with Wnt signalling activators, VPA and CHIR99021, or antibodies to sclerostin, an antagonist of Wnt signalling. Conclusion We suggest that Wnt signalling activators are potential drug candidates to suppress CSCs in ameloblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Yi Kim
- Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Oral Science Research Center, BK21 FOUR Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Shujin Li
- Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Oral Science Research Center, BK21 FOUR Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong-Joon Lee
- Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Oral Science Research Center, BK21 FOUR Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Hoo Park
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Yonsei University, College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Takashi Muramatsu
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Cariology and Pulp Biology, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidemitsu Harada
- Division of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Iwate Medical University, Iwate, Japan
| | - Young-Soo Jung
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Yonsei University, College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Han-Sung Jung
- Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Oral Science Research Center, BK21 FOUR Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
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Olaru M, Sachelarie L, Calin G. Hard Dental Tissues Regeneration-Approaches and Challenges. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14102558. [PMID: 34069265 PMCID: PMC8156070 DOI: 10.3390/ma14102558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
With the development of the modern concept of tissue engineering approach and the discovery of the potential of stem cells in dentistry, the regeneration of hard dental tissues has become a reality and a priority of modern dentistry. The present review reports the recent advances on stem-cell based regeneration strategies for hard dental tissues and analyze the feasibility of stem cells and of growth factors in scaffolds-based or scaffold-free approaches in inducing the regeneration of either the whole tooth or only of its component structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihaela Olaru
- “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41 A Grigore Ghica Voda Alley, 700487 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Liliana Sachelarie
- Faculty of Medical Dentistry, “Apollonia” University of Iasi, 2 Muzicii Str., 700399 Iasi, Romania;
- Correspondence:
| | - Gabriela Calin
- Faculty of Medical Dentistry, “Apollonia” University of Iasi, 2 Muzicii Str., 700399 Iasi, Romania;
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35
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Brink KS, Henríquez JI, Grieco TM, Martin del Campo JR, Fu K, Richman JM. Tooth Removal in the Leopard Gecko and the de novo Formation of Replacement Teeth. Front Physiol 2021; 12:576816. [PMID: 34012403 PMCID: PMC8126719 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.576816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Many reptiles are able to continuously replace their teeth through life, an ability attributed to the existence of epithelial stem cells. Tooth replacement occurs in a spatially and temporally regulated manner, suggesting the involvement of diffusible factors, potentially over long distances. Here, we locally disrupted tooth replacement in the leopard gecko (Eublepharis macularius) and followed the recovery of the dentition. We looked at the effects on local patterning and functionally tested whether putative epithelial stem cells can give rise to multiple cell types in the enamel organs of new teeth. Second generation teeth with enamel and dentine were removed from adult geckos. The dental lamina was either left intact or disrupted in order to interfere with local patterning cues. The dentition began to reform by 1 month and was nearly recovered by 2-3 months as shown in μCT scans and eruption of teeth labeled with fluorescent markers. Microscopic analysis showed that the dental lamina was fully healed by 1 month. The deepest parts of the dental lamina retained odontogenic identity as shown by PITX2 staining. A pulse-chase was carried out to label cells that were stimulated to enter the cell cycle and then would carry BrdU forward into subsequent tooth generations. Initially we labeled 70-78% of PCNA cells with BrdU. After a 1-month chase, the percentage of BrdU + PCNA labeled cells in the dental lamina had dropped to 10%, consistent with the dilution of the label. There was also a population of single, BrdU-labeled cells present up to 2 months post surgery. These BrdU-labeled cells were almost entirely located in the dental lamina and were the likely progenitor/stem cells because they had not entered the cell cycle. In contrast fragmented BrdU was seen in the PCNA-positive, proliferating enamel organs. Homeostasis and recovery of the gecko dentition was therefore mediated by a stable population of epithelial stem cells in the dental lamina.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Joy M. Richman
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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36
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Du J, Jing J, Chen S, Yuan Y, Feng J, Ho TV, Sehgal P, Xu J, Jiang X, Chai Y. Arid1a regulates cell cycle exit of transit-amplifying cells by inhibiting the Aurka-Cdk1 axis in mouse incisor. Development 2021; 148:dev198838. [PMID: 33766930 PMCID: PMC8077510 DOI: 10.1242/dev.198838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells self-renew or give rise to transit-amplifying cells (TACs) that differentiate into specific functional cell types. The fate determination of stem cells to TACs and their transition to fully differentiated progeny is precisely regulated to maintain tissue homeostasis. Arid1a, a core component of the switch/sucrose nonfermentable complex, performs epigenetic regulation of stage- and tissue-specific genes that is indispensable for stem cell homeostasis and differentiation. However, the functional mechanism of Arid1a in the fate commitment of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and their progeny is not clear. Using the continuously growing adult mouse incisor model, we show that Arid1a maintains tissue homeostasis through limiting proliferation, promoting cell cycle exit and differentiation of TACs by inhibiting the Aurka-Cdk1 axis. Loss of Arid1a overactivates the Aurka-Cdk1 axis, leading to expansion of the mitotic TAC population but compromising their differentiation ability. Furthermore, the defective homeostasis after loss of Arid1a ultimately leads to reduction of the MSC population. These findings reveal the functional significance of Arid1a in regulating the fate of TACs and their interaction with MSCs to maintain tissue homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Du
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Junjun Jing
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Shuo Chen
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Jifan Feng
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Thach-Vu Ho
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Prerna Sehgal
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Jian Xu
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Xinquan Jiang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Yang Chai
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
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37
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Bertonnier-Brouty L, Viriot L, Joly T, Charles C. Gene expression patterns associated with dental replacement in the rabbit, a new model for the mammalian dental replacement mechanisms. Dev Dyn 2021; 250:1494-1504. [PMID: 33760336 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Unlike many vertebrates with continuous dental replacement, mammals have a maximum of two dental generations. Due to the absence of dental replacement in the laboratory mouse, the mechanisms of the mammalian tooth replacement system are poorly known. In this study, we use the European rabbit as a model for mammalian tooth development and replacement. RESULTS We provide data on some key regulators of tooth development. We detected the presence of SOX2 in both the replacement dental lamina and the rudimentary successional dental lamina of unreplaced molars, indicating that SOX2 may not be sufficient to initiate and maintain tooth replacement. We showed that Shh does not seem to be directly involved in tooth replacement. The transient presence of the rudimentary successional dental lamina in the molar allowed us to identify genes that could be essential for the initiation or the maintenance of tooth replacement. Hence, the locations of Sostdc1, RUNX2, and LEF1 vary between the deciduous premolar, the replacement premolar, and the molar, indicating possible roles in tooth replacement. CONCLUSION According to our observations, initiation and the maintenance of tooth replacement correlate with the presence of LEF1+ cells and the absence of both mesenchymal RUNX2 and epithelial Sostdc1+ cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludivine Bertonnier-Brouty
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Université de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5242, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Laurent Viriot
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Université de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5242, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France.,Laboratoire de Biologie tissulaire et Ingénierie thérapeutique, Université de Lyon, CNRS UMR5305, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Thierry Joly
- Université de Lyon, VetAgro Sup Isara, Marcy l'Etoile, France
| | - Cyril Charles
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Université de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5242, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
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38
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Bonczek O, Krejci P, Izakovicova-Holla L, Cernochova P, Kiss I, Vojtesek B. Tooth agenesis: What do we know and is there a connection to cancer? Clin Genet 2021; 99:493-502. [PMID: 33249565 DOI: 10.1111/cge.13892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Like all developmental processes, odontogenesis is highly complex and dynamically regulated, with hundreds of genes co-expressed in reciprocal networks. Tooth agenesis (missing one or more/all teeth) is a common human craniofacial anomaly and may be caused by genetic variations and/or environmental factors. Variants in PAX9, MSX1, AXIN2, EDA, EDAR, and WNT10A genes are associated with tooth agenesis. Currently, variants in ATF1, DUSP10, CASC8, IRF6, KDF1, GREM2, LTBP3, and components and regulators of WNT signaling WNT10B, LRP6, DKK, and KREMEN1 are at the forefront of interest. Due to the interconnectedness of the signaling pathways of carcinogenesis and odontogenesis, tooth agenesis could be a suitable marker for early detection of cancer predisposition. Variants in genes associated with tooth agenesis could serve as prognostic or therapeutic targets in cancer. This review aims to summarize existing knowledge of development and clinical genetics of teeth. Concurrently, the review proposes possible approaches for future research in this area, with particular attention to roles in monitoring, early diagnosis and therapy of tumors associated with defective tooth development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ondrej Bonczek
- Research Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Premysl Krejci
- Institute of Dentistry and Oral Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Lydie Izakovicova-Holla
- Department of Stomatology, Institution shared with St. Anne's University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavlina Cernochova
- Department of Stomatology, Institution shared with St. Anne's University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Igor Kiss
- Clinic of Comprehensive Cancer Care, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Borivoj Vojtesek
- Research Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
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Kavková M, Šulcová M, Dumková J, Zahradníček O, Kaiser J, Tucker AS, Zikmund T, Buchtová M. Coordinated labio-lingual asymmetries in dental and bone development create a symmetrical acrodont dentition. Sci Rep 2020; 10:22040. [PMID: 33328503 PMCID: PMC7745041 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78939-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Organs throughout the body develop both asymmetrically and symmetrically. Here, we assess how symmetrical teeth in reptiles can be created from asymmetrical tooth germs. Teeth of lepidosaurian reptiles are mostly anchored to the jaw bones by pleurodont ankylosis, where the tooth is held in place on the labial side only. Pleurodont teeth are characterized by significantly asymmetrical development of the labial and lingual sides of the cervical loop, which later leads to uneven deposition of hard tissue. On the other hand, acrodont teeth found in lizards of the Acrodonta clade (i.e. agamas, chameleons) are symmetrically ankylosed to the jaw bone. Here, we have focused on the formation of the symmetrical acrodont dentition of the veiled chameleon (Chamaeleo calyptratus). Intriguingly, our results revealed distinct asymmetries in morphology of the labial and lingual sides of the cervical loop during early developmental stages, both at the gross and ultrastructural level, with specific patterns of cell proliferation and stem cell marker expression. Asymmetrical expression of ST14 was also observed, with a positive domain on the lingual side of the cervical loop overlapping with the SOX2 domain. In contrast, micro-CT analysis of hard tissues revealed that deposition of dentin and enamel was largely symmetrical at the mineralization stage, highlighting the difference between cervical loop morphology during early development and differentiation of odontoblasts throughout later odontogenesis. In conclusion, the early asymmetrical development of the enamel organ seems to be a plesiomorphic character for all squamate reptiles, while symmetrical and precisely orchestrated deposition of hard tissue during tooth formation in acrodont dentitions probably represents a novelty in the Acrodonta clade.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kavková
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - M Šulcová
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Laboratory of Molecular Morphogenesis, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Veveri 97, 602 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - J Dumková
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - O Zahradníček
- Department of Radiation Dosimetry, Nuclear Physics Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - J Kaiser
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - A S Tucker
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, Floor 27 Guy's Tower, Guy's Hospital, London Bridge, London, UK
| | - T Zikmund
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - M Buchtová
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic. .,Laboratory of Molecular Morphogenesis, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Veveri 97, 602 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
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40
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Schock EN, LaBonne C. Sorting Sox: Diverse Roles for Sox Transcription Factors During Neural Crest and Craniofacial Development. Front Physiol 2020; 11:606889. [PMID: 33424631 PMCID: PMC7793875 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.606889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Sox transcription factors play many diverse roles during development, including regulating stem cell states, directing differentiation, and influencing the local chromatin landscape. Of the twenty vertebrate Sox factors, several play critical roles in the development the neural crest, a key vertebrate innovation, and the subsequent formation of neural crest-derived structures, including the craniofacial complex. Herein, we review the specific roles for individual Sox factors during neural crest cell formation and discuss how some factors may have been essential for the evolution of the neural crest. Additionally, we describe how Sox factors direct neural crest cell differentiation into diverse lineages such as melanocytes, glia, and cartilage and detail their involvement in the development of specific craniofacial structures. Finally, we highlight several SOXopathies associated with craniofacial phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth N. Schock
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
| | - Carole LaBonne
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
- NSF-Simons Center for Quantitative Biology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
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41
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Porter L, McCaughan F. SOX2 and squamous cancers. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 67:154-167. [PMID: 32905832 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
SOX2 is a pleiotropic nuclear transcription factor with major roles in stem cell biology and in development. Over the last 10 years SOX2 has also been implicated as a lineage-specific oncogene, notably in squamous carcinomas but also neurological tumours, particularly glioblastoma. Squamous carcinomas (SQCs) comprise a common group of malignancies for which there are no targeted therapeutic interventions. In this article we review the molecular epidemiological and laboratory evidence linking SOX2 with squamous carcinogenesis, explore in detail the multifaceted impact of SOX2 in SQC, describe areas of uncertainty and highlight areas for potential future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linsey Porter
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrookes Hospital, Box 157, Hills Rd, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Frank McCaughan
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrookes Hospital, Box 157, Hills Rd, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom.
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42
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Yoshizaki K, Fukumoto S, Bikle DD, Oda Y. Transcriptional Regulation of Dental Epithelial Cell Fate. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21238952. [PMID: 33255698 PMCID: PMC7728066 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21238952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Dental enamel is hardest tissue in the body and is produced by dental epithelial cells residing in the tooth. Their cell fates are tightly controlled by transcriptional programs that are facilitated by fate determining transcription factors and chromatin regulators. Understanding the transcriptional program controlling dental cell fate is critical for our efforts to build and repair teeth. In this review, we describe the current understanding of these regulators essential for regeneration of dental epithelial stem cells and progeny, which are identified through transgenic mouse models. We first describe the development and morphogenesis of mouse dental epithelium in which different subpopulations of epithelia such as ameloblasts contribute to enamel formation. Then, we describe the function of critical factors in stem cells or progeny to drive enamel lineages. We also show that gene mutations of these factors are associated with dental anomalies in craniofacial diseases in humans. We also describe the function of the master regulators to govern dental lineages, in which the genetic removal of each factor switches dental cell fate to that generating hair. The distinct and related mechanisms responsible for the lineage plasticity are discussed. This knowledge will lead us to develop a potential tool for bioengineering new teeth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keigo Yoshizaki
- Section of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Kyushu University Faculty of Dental Science, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan;
| | - Satoshi Fukumoto
- Section of Pediatric Dentistry, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Kyushu University Faculty of Dental Science, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan;
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Oral Health and Development Sciences, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Daniel D. Bikle
- Departments of Medicine and Endocrinology, University of California San Francisco and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA;
| | - Yuko Oda
- Departments of Medicine and Endocrinology, University of California San Francisco and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA;
- Correspondence:
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43
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mTOR plays a pivotal role in multiple processes of enamel organ development principally through the mTORC1 pathway and in part via regulating cytoskeleton dynamics. Dev Biol 2020; 467:77-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2020.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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44
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Sánchez N, González-Ramírez MC, Contreras EG, Ubilla A, Li J, Valencia A, Wilson A, Green JBA, Tucker AS, Gaete M. Balance Between Tooth Size and Tooth Number Is Controlled by Hyaluronan. Front Physiol 2020; 11:996. [PMID: 32982773 PMCID: PMC7476214 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
While the function of proteins and genes has been widely studied during vertebrate development, relatively little work has addressed the role of carbohydrates. Hyaluronan (HA), also known as hyaluronic acid, is an abundant carbohydrate in embryonic tissues and is the main structural component of the extracellular matrix of epithelial and mesenchymal cells. HA is able to absorb large quantities of water and can signal by binding to cell-surface receptors. During organ development and regeneration, HA has been shown to regulate cell proliferation, cell shape, and migration. Here, we have investigated the function of HA during molar tooth development in mice, in which, similar to humans, new molars sequentially bud off from a pre-existing molar. Using an ex vivo approach, we found that inhibiting HA synthesis in culture leads to a significant increase in proliferation and subsequent size of the developing molar, while the formation of sequential molars was inhibited. By cell shape analysis, we observed that inhibition of HA synthesis caused an elongation and reorientation of the major cell axes, indicating that disruption to cellular orientation and shape may underlie the observed phenotype. Lineage tracing demonstrated the retention of cells in the developing first molar (M1) at the expense of the generation of a second molar (M2). Our results highlight a novel role for HA in controlling proliferation, cell orientation, and migration in the developing tooth, impacting cellular decisions regarding tooth size and number.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Sánchez
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | | | - Angélica Ubilla
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jingjing Li
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anyeli Valencia
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrés Wilson
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jeremy B A Green
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Abigail S Tucker
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marcia Gaete
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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45
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Chiba Y, Saito K, Martin D, Boger ET, Rhodes C, Yoshizaki K, Nakamura T, Yamada A, Morell RJ, Yamada Y, Fukumoto S. Single-Cell RNA-Sequencing From Mouse Incisor Reveals Dental Epithelial Cell-Type Specific Genes. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:841. [PMID: 32984333 PMCID: PMC7490294 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental epithelial stem cells give rise to four types of dental epithelial cells: inner enamel epithelium (IEE), outer enamel epithelium (OEE), stratum intermedium (SI), and stellate reticulum (SR). IEE cells further differentiate into enamel-forming ameloblasts, which play distinct roles, and are essential for enamel formation. These are conventionally classified by their shape, although their transcriptome and biological roles are yet to be fully understood. Here, we aimed to use single-cell RNA sequencing to clarify the heterogeneity of dental epithelial cell types. Unbiased clustering of 6,260 single cells from incisors of postnatal day 7 mice classified them into two clusters of ameloblast, IEE/OEE, SI/SR, and two mesenchymal populations. Secretory-stage ameloblasts expressed Amel and Enam were divided into Dspp + and Ambn + ameloblasts. Pseudo-time analysis indicated Dspp + ameloblasts differentiate into Ambn + ameloblasts. Further, Dspp and Ambn could be stage-specific markers of ameloblasts. Gene ontology analysis of each cluster indicated potent roles of cell types: OEE in the regulation of tooth size and SR in the transport of nutrients. Subsequently, we identified novel dental epithelial cell marker genes, namely Pttg1, Atf3, Cldn10, and Krt15. The results not only provided a resource of transcriptome data in dental cells but also contributed to the molecular analyses of enamel formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Chiba
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Oral Health and Development Sciences, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kan Saito
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Oral Health and Development Sciences, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Daniel Martin
- Genomics and Computational Biology Core, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Erich T Boger
- Genomics and Computational Biology Core, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Craig Rhodes
- Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Biology, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Keigo Yoshizaki
- Section of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Division of Oral Health, Growth, and Development, Kyushu University Faculty of Dental Science, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakamura
- Division of Molecular Pharmacology and Cell Biophysics, Department of Oral Biology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Aya Yamada
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Oral Health and Development Sciences, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Robert J Morell
- Genomics and Computational Biology Core, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Yoshihiko Yamada
- Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Biology, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Satoshi Fukumoto
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Oral Health and Development Sciences, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan.,Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Kyushu University Faculty of Dental Science, Fukuoka, Japan
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46
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Development of tooth regenerative medicine strategies by controlling the number of teeth using targeted molecular therapy. Inflamm Regen 2020; 40:21. [PMID: 32922570 PMCID: PMC7461317 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-020-00130-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Analysis of various genetically modified mice, with supernumerary teeth, has revealed the following two intrinsic molecular mechanisms that increase the number of teeth. One plausible explanation for supernumerary tooth formation is the rescue of tooth rudiments. Topical application of candidate molecules could lead to whole tooth formation under suitable conditions. Congenital tooth agenesis is caused by the cessation of tooth development due to the deletion of the causative gene and suppression of its function. The arrest of tooth development in Runx2 knockout mice, a mouse model of congenital tooth agenesis, is rescued in double knockout mice of Runx2 and Usag-1. The Usag-1 knockout mouse is a supernumerary model mouse. Targeted molecular therapy could be used to generate teeth in patients with congenital tooth agenesis by stimulating arrested tooth germs. The third dentition begins to develop when the second successional lamina is formed from the developing permanent tooth in humans and usually regresses apoptotically. Targeted molecular therapy, therefore, seems to be a suitable approach in whole-tooth regeneration by the stimulation of the third dentition. A second mechanism of supernumerary teeth formation involves the contribution of odontogenic epithelial stem cells in adults. Cebpb has been shown to be involved in maintaining the stemness of odontogenic epithelial stem cells and suppressing epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Odontogenic epithelial stem cells are differentiated from one of the tissue stem cells, enamel epithelial stem cells, and odontogenic mesenchymal cells are formed from odontogenic epithelial cells by epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Both odontogenic epithelial cells and odontogenic mesenchymal cells required to form teeth from enamel epithelial stem cells were directly induced to form excess teeth in adults. An approach for the development of targeted therapeutics has been the local application of monoclonal neutralizing antibody/siRNA with cationic gelatin for USAG-1 or small molecule for Cebpb.
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47
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Development and regeneration of the crushing dentition in skates (Rajidae). Dev Biol 2020; 466:59-72. [PMID: 32791054 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2020.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Sharks and rays (elasmobranchs) have the remarkable capacity to continuously regenerate their teeth. The polyphyodont system is considered the ancestral condition of the gnathostome dentition. Despite this shared regenerative ability, sharks and rays exhibit dramatic interspecific variation in their tooth morphology. Ray (batoidea) teeth typically constitute crushing pads of flattened teeth, whereas shark teeth are pointed, multi-cuspid units. Although recent research has addressed the molecular development of the shark dentition, little is known about that of the ray. Furthermore, how dental diversity within the elasmobranch lineage is achieved remains unknown. Here, we examine dental development and regeneration in two Batoid species: the thornback skate (Raja clavata) and the little skate (Leucoraja erinacea). Using in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry, we examine the expression of a core gnathostome dental gene set during early development of the skate dentition and compare it to development in the shark. Elasmobranch tooth development is highly conserved, with sox2 likely playing an important role in the initiation and regeneration of teeth. Alterations to conserved genes expressed in an enamel knot-like signalling centre may explain the morphological diversity of elasmobranch teeth, thereby enabling sharks and rays to occupy diverse dietary and ecological niches.
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48
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Eliason S, Sharp T, Sweat M, Sweat YY, Amendt BA. Ectodermal Organ Development Is Regulated by a microRNA-26b-Lef-1-Wnt Signaling Axis. Front Physiol 2020; 11:780. [PMID: 32760291 PMCID: PMC7372039 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The developmental role of Lef-1 in ectodermal organs has been characterized using Lef-1 murine knockout models. We generated a Lef-1 conditional over-expression (COEL) mouse to determine the role of Lef-1 expression in epithelial structures at later stages of development after endogenous expression switches to the mesenchyme. Lef-1 over expression (OE) in the oral epithelium creates a new dental epithelial stem cell niche that significantly increases incisor growth. These data indicate that Lef-1 expression is switched off in the dental epithelial at early stages to maintain the stem cell niche and regulate incisor growth. Bioinformatics analyses indicated that miR-26b expression increased coinciding with decreased Lef-1 expression in the dental epithelium. We generated a murine model over-expressing miR-26b that targets endogenous Lef-1 expression and Lef-1-related developmental mechanisms. miR-26b OE mice have ectodermal organ defects including a lack of incisors, molars, and hair similar to the Lef-1 null mice. miR-26b OE rescues the Lef-1 OE phenotype demonstrating a critical genetic and developmental role for miR-26b in the temporal and spatial expression of Lef-1 in epithelial tissues. Lef-1 expression regulates Wnt signaling and Wnt target genes as well as cell proliferation mechanisms, while miR-26b OE reduced the levels of Wnt target gene expression. The extra stem cell compartment in the COEL mice expressed Lef-1 suggesting that Lef-1 is a stem cell factor, which was absent in the miR-26b OE/COEL rescue mice. This is the first demonstration of a microRNA OE mouse model that has ectodermal organ defects. These findings demonstrate that the levels of Lef-1 are critical for development and establish a role for miR-26b in the regulation of ectodermal organ development through the control of Lef-1 expression and an endogenous stem cell niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve Eliason
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States.,Craniofacial Anomalies Research Center, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Thad Sharp
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States.,Craniofacial Anomalies Research Center, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Mason Sweat
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States.,Craniofacial Anomalies Research Center, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Yan Y Sweat
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States.,Craniofacial Anomalies Research Center, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Brad A Amendt
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States.,Craniofacial Anomalies Research Center, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States.,Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
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49
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Wu J, Tian Y, Han L, Liu C, Sun T, Li L, Yu Y, Lamichhane B, D'Souza RN, Millar SE, Krumlauf R, Ornitz DM, Feng JQ, Klein O, Zhao H, Zhang F, Linhardt RJ, Wang X. FAM20B-catalyzed glycosaminoglycans control murine tooth number by restricting FGFR2b signaling. BMC Biol 2020; 18:87. [PMID: 32664967 PMCID: PMC7359594 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-020-00813-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The formation of supernumerary teeth is an excellent model for studying the molecular mechanisms that control stem/progenitor cell homeostasis needed to generate a renewable source of replacement cells and tissues. Although multiple growth factors and transcriptional factors have been associated with supernumerary tooth formation, the regulatory inputs of extracellular matrix in this regenerative process remains poorly understood. RESULTS In this study, we present evidence that disrupting glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in the dental epithelium of mice by inactivating FAM20B, a xylose kinase essential for GAG assembly, leads to supernumerary tooth formation in a pattern reminiscent of replacement teeth. The dental epithelial GAGs confine murine tooth number by restricting the homeostasis of Sox2(+) dental epithelial stem/progenitor cells in a non-autonomous manner. FAM20B-catalyzed GAGs regulate the cell fate of dental lamina by restricting FGFR2b signaling at the initial stage of tooth development to maintain a subtle balance between the renewal and differentiation of Sox2(+) cells. At the later cap stage, WNT signaling functions as a relay cue to facilitate the supernumerary tooth formation. CONCLUSIONS The novel mechanism we have characterized through which GAGs control the tooth number in mice may also be more broadly relevant for potentiating signaling interactions in other tissues during development and tissue homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Wu
- Southern Medical University Hospital of Stomatology, Guangzhou, 510280, Guangdong, China.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, 3302 Gaston Ave, Dallas, TX, 75246, USA
| | - Ye Tian
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, 3302 Gaston Ave, Dallas, TX, 75246, USA.,West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610000, Sichuan, China
| | - Lu Han
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, 3302 Gaston Ave, Dallas, TX, 75246, USA.,West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610000, Sichuan, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, 3302 Gaston Ave, Dallas, TX, 75246, USA.,Department of Oral Pathology, College of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, Liaoning, China
| | - Tianyu Sun
- Southern Medical University Hospital of Stomatology, Guangzhou, 510280, Guangdong, China.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, 3302 Gaston Ave, Dallas, TX, 75246, USA
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Yanlei Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA
| | - Bikash Lamichhane
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, 3302 Gaston Ave, Dallas, TX, 75246, USA
| | - Rena N D'Souza
- School of Dentistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84108, USA
| | - Sarah E Millar
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Robb Krumlauf
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, 64110, USA.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - David M Ornitz
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Jian Q Feng
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, 3302 Gaston Ave, Dallas, TX, 75246, USA
| | - Ophir Klein
- Department of Orofacial Sciences and Program in Craniofacial Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.,Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Hu Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, 3302 Gaston Ave, Dallas, TX, 75246, USA
| | - Fuming Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA
| | - Robert J Linhardt
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA
| | - Xiaofang Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, 3302 Gaston Ave, Dallas, TX, 75246, USA.
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50
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Silva BS, Silva LR, Lima KL, Dos Santos AC, Oliveira AC, Dezzen-Gomide AC, Batista AC, Yamamoto-Silva FP. SOX2 and BCL-2 Expressions in Odontogenic Keratocyst and Ameloblastoma. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2020; 25:e283-e290. [PMID: 31967981 PMCID: PMC7103439 DOI: 10.4317/medoral.23348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The purpose of this experimental study was to compare the immunohistochemical expression of SOX2 and BCL-2 in Odontogenic Keratocyst (OKC) and Ameloblastoma (AB) specimens, and to identify a possible correlation in their expression.
Material and Methods Immunohistochemical analysis was performed to evaluate SOX2 and BCL-2 expression in OKC (n = 20) and AB (n = 20). The immunoexpression was analyzed by a quantitative and qualitative scoring system. The comparison between the immunoexpression of SOX 2 and BCL-2 was assessed by the Mann-Whitney U-test. Spearman’s correlation coefficient evaluated the correlation between SOX2 and BCL-2 expressions.
Results SOX2 and BCL-2 expression was observed in all specimens of OKC in the full thickness of the epithelium lining. SOX2 immunostaining was higher in OKC, in comparison with AB samples (P<0.05). BCL-2 immunostaining between OKC and AB was not statistically significant. There was no significant correlation between SOX2 and BCL-2 in OKC and AB specimens.
Conclusions SOX2 and BCL-2 expressions in OKC may suggest their relationship with the biological behavior of this lesion, and the higher expression of SOX2 might be an upstream influence on the Hh signaling pathway. Key words:Odontogenic keratocyst; Ameloblastoma; Odontogenic tumor; SOX2; BCL-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- B-S Silva
- University of Anápolis, Department of Oral Diagnosis Av. Universitária, km 3,5. Cidade Universitária CEP 75083-515, Anápolis, Brasil
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