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Kang J, Kanugovi A, Stella MPJ, Frimand Z, Farup J, Urtasun A, Liu S, Clausen AS, Ishak H, Bui S, Kim S, Ezran C, Botvinnik O, Porpiglia E, Krasnow M, de Morree A, Rando TA. In vivo self-renewal and expansion of quiescent stem cells from a non-human primate. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2025:2025.03.27.645793. [PMID: 40196588 PMCID: PMC11974844 DOI: 10.1101/2025.03.27.645793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2025]
Abstract
The development of non-human primate models is essential for the fields of developmental and regenerative biology because those models will more closely approximate human biology than do murine models. Based on single cell RNAseq and fluorescence-activated cell sorting, we report the identification and functional characterization of two quiescent stem cell populations (skeletal muscle stem cells (MuSCs) and mesenchymal stem cells termed fibro-adipogenic progenitors (FAPs)) in the non-human primate Microcebus murinus (the gray mouse lemur). We demonstrate in vivo proliferation, differentiation, and self-renewal of both MuSCs and FAPs. By combining cell phenotyping with cross-species molecular profiling and pharmacological interventions, we show that mouse lemur MuSCs and FAPs are more similar to human than to mouse counterparts. We identify unexpected gene targets involved in regulating primate MuSC proliferation and primate FAP adipogenic differentiation. Moreover, we find that the cellular composition of mouse lemur muscle better models human muscle than does macaque ( Macaca fascicularis ) muscle. Finally, we note that our approach presents as a generalizable pipeline for the identification, isolation, and characterization of stem cell populations in new animal models.
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Kim YE, Hann SH, Jo YW, Yoo K, Kim JH, Lee JW, Kong YY. Mll4 in skeletal muscle fibers maintains muscle stem cells. Skelet Muscle 2024; 14:35. [PMID: 39710699 DOI: 10.1186/s13395-024-00369-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2024] [Accepted: 12/06/2024] [Indexed: 12/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Muscle stem cells (MuSCs) undergo numerous state transitions throughout life, which are critical for supporting normal muscle growth and regeneration. Epigenetic modifications in skeletal muscle play a significant role in influencing the niche and cellular states of MuSCs. Mixed-lineage leukemia 4 (Mll4) is a histone methyltransferase critical for activating the transcription of various target genes and is highly expressed in skeletal muscle. This raises the question of whether Mll4 has a regulatory function in modulating the state transitions of MuSCs, warranting further investigation. METHODS To assess if myofiber-expressed Mll4, a histone methyltransferase, contributes to the maintenance of MuSCs, we crossed MCKCre/+ or HSAMerCreMer/+ mice to Mll4f/f mice to generate myofiber-specific Mll4-deleted mice. Investigations were conducted using 8-week-old and 4-week-old MCKCre/+;Mll4f/f mice, and adult HSAMerCreMer/+;Mll4f/f mice between the ages of 3 months and 6 months. RESULTS During postnatal myogenesis, Mll4 deleted muscles were observed with increased number of cycling MuSCs that proceeded to a differentiation state, leading to MuSC deprivation. This phenomenon occurred independently of gender. When Mll4 was ablated in adult muscles using the inducible method, adult MuSCs lost their quiescence and differentiated into myoblasts, also causing the depletion of MuSCs. Such roles of Mll4 in myofibers coincided with decreased expression levels of distinct Notch ligands: Jag1 and Dll1 in pubertal and Jag2 and Dll4 in adult muscles. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that Mll4 is crucial for maintaining MuSCs in both pubertal and adult muscles, which may be accomplished through the modulation of distinct Notch ligand expressions in myofibers. These findings offer new insights into the role of myofiber-expressed Mll4 as a master regulator of MuSCs, highlighting its significance not only in developmental myogenesis but also in adult muscle, irrespective of sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yea-Eun Kim
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hyeon Hann
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Woo Jo
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyusang Yoo
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hoon Kim
- Molecular Recognition Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae W Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 142604, USA
| | - Young-Yun Kong
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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Berciano MT, Gatius A, Puente-Bedia A, Rufino-Gómez A, Tarabal O, Rodríguez-Rey JC, Calderó J, Lafarga M, Tapia O. SMN Deficiency Induces an Early Non-Atrophic Myopathy with Alterations in the Contractile and Excitatory Coupling Machinery of Skeletal Myofibers in the SMN∆7 Mouse Model of Spinal Muscular Atrophy. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:12415. [PMID: 39596480 PMCID: PMC11595111 DOI: 10.3390/ijms252212415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2024] [Revised: 11/09/2024] [Accepted: 11/13/2024] [Indexed: 11/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is caused by a deficiency of the ubiquitously expressed survival motor neuron (SMN) protein. The main pathological hallmark of SMA is the degeneration of lower motor neurons (MNs) with subsequent denervation and atrophy of skeletal muscle. However, increasing evidence indicates that low SMN levels not only are detrimental to the central nervous system (CNS) but also directly affect other peripheral tissues and organs, including skeletal muscle. To better understand the potential primary impact of SMN deficiency in muscle, we explored the cellular, ultrastructural, and molecular basis of SMA myopathy in the SMNΔ7 mouse model of severe SMA at an early postnatal period (P0-7) prior to muscle denervation and MN loss (preneurodegenerative [PND] stage). This period contrasts with the neurodegenerative (ND) stage (P8-14), in which MN loss and muscle atrophy occur. At the PND stage, we found that SMN∆7 mice displayed early signs of motor dysfunction with overt myofiber alterations in the absence of atrophy. We provide essential new ultrastructural data on focal and segmental lesions in the myofibrillar contractile apparatus. These lesions were observed in association with specific myonuclear domains and included abnormal accumulations of actin-thin myofilaments, sarcomere disruption, and the formation of minisarcomeres. The sarcoplasmic reticulum and triads also exhibited ultrastructural alterations, suggesting decoupling during the excitation-contraction process. Finally, changes in intermyofibrillar mitochondrial organization and dynamics, indicative of mitochondrial biogenesis overactivation, were also found. Overall, our results demonstrated that SMN deficiency induces early and MN loss-independent alterations in myofibers that essentially contribute to SMA myopathy. This strongly supports the growing body of evidence indicating the existence of intrinsic alterations in the skeletal muscle in SMA and further reinforces the relevance of this peripheral tissue as a key therapeutic target for the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- María T. Berciano
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Cantabria, 39011 Santander, Spain; (M.T.B.); (J.C.R.-R.)
- Health Research Institute Valdecilla (IDIVAL), 39011 Santander, Spain;
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alaó Gatius
- Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLleida), Universitat de Lleida, 25198 Lleida, Spain; (A.G.); (O.T.); (J.C.)
| | - Alba Puente-Bedia
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Cantabria, 39011 Santander, Spain;
| | - Alexis Rufino-Gómez
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Technologies (ITB), Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 San Cristobal de la Laguna, Spain;
| | - Olga Tarabal
- Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLleida), Universitat de Lleida, 25198 Lleida, Spain; (A.G.); (O.T.); (J.C.)
| | - José C. Rodríguez-Rey
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Cantabria, 39011 Santander, Spain; (M.T.B.); (J.C.R.-R.)
- Health Research Institute Valdecilla (IDIVAL), 39011 Santander, Spain;
| | - Jordi Calderó
- Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRBLleida), Universitat de Lleida, 25198 Lleida, Spain; (A.G.); (O.T.); (J.C.)
| | - Miguel Lafarga
- Health Research Institute Valdecilla (IDIVAL), 39011 Santander, Spain;
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Cantabria, 39011 Santander, Spain
| | - Olga Tapia
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Technologies (ITB), Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 San Cristobal de la Laguna, Spain;
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4
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Korb A, Tajbakhsh S, Comai GE. Functional specialisation and coordination of myonuclei. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2024; 99:1164-1195. [PMID: 38477382 DOI: 10.1111/brv.13063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Myofibres serve as the functional unit for locomotion, with the sarcomere as fundamental subunit. Running the entire length of this structure are hundreds of myonuclei, located at the periphery of the myofibre, juxtaposed to the plasma membrane. Myonuclear specialisation and clustering at the centre and ends of the fibre are known to be essential for muscle contraction, yet the molecular basis of this regionalisation has remained unclear. While the 'myonuclear domain hypothesis' helped explain how myonuclei can independently govern large cytoplasmic territories, novel technologies have provided granularity on the diverse transcriptional programs running simultaneously within the syncytia and added a new perspective on how myonuclei communicate. Building upon this, we explore the critical cellular and molecular sources of transcriptional and functional heterogeneity within myofibres, discussing the impact of intrinsic and extrinsic factors on myonuclear programs. This knowledge provides new insights for understanding muscle development, repair, and disease, but also opens avenues for the development of novel and precise therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaury Korb
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 3738, Stem Cells & Development Unit, 25 rue du Dr. Roux, Institut Pasteur, Paris, F-75015, France
| | - Shahragim Tajbakhsh
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 3738, Stem Cells & Development Unit, 25 rue du Dr. Roux, Institut Pasteur, Paris, F-75015, France
| | - Glenda E Comai
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 3738, Stem Cells & Development Unit, 25 rue du Dr. Roux, Institut Pasteur, Paris, F-75015, France
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Verma M, Asakura Y, Wang X, Zhou K, Ünverdi M, Kann AP, Krauss RS, Asakura A. Endothelial cell signature in muscle stem cells validated by VEGFA-FLT1-AKT1 axis promoting survival of muscle stem cell. eLife 2024; 13:e73592. [PMID: 38842166 PMCID: PMC11216748 DOI: 10.7554/elife.73592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Endothelial and skeletal muscle lineages arise from common embryonic progenitors. Despite their shared developmental origin, adult endothelial cells (ECs) and muscle stem cells (MuSCs; satellite cells) have been thought to possess distinct gene signatures and signaling pathways. Here, we shift this paradigm by uncovering how adult MuSC behavior is affected by the expression of a subset of EC transcripts. We used several computational analyses including single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) to show that MuSCs express low levels of canonical EC markers in mice. We demonstrate that MuSC survival is regulated by one such prototypic endothelial signaling pathway (VEGFA-FLT1). Using pharmacological and genetic gain- and loss-of-function studies, we identify the FLT1-AKT1 axis as the key effector underlying VEGFA-mediated regulation of MuSC survival. All together, our data support that the VEGFA-FLT1-AKT1 pathway promotes MuSC survival during muscle regeneration, and highlights how the minor expression of select transcripts is sufficient for affecting cell behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayank Verma
- Department of Pediatrics & Neurology, Division of Pediatric Neurology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasUnited States
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota Medical SchoolMinneapolisUnited States
- Greg Marzolf Jr. Muscular Dystrophy Center, University of Minnesota Medical SchoolMinneapolisUnited States
- Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota Medical SchoolMinneapolisUnited States
| | - Yoko Asakura
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota Medical SchoolMinneapolisUnited States
- Greg Marzolf Jr. Muscular Dystrophy Center, University of Minnesota Medical SchoolMinneapolisUnited States
- Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota Medical SchoolMinneapolisUnited States
| | - Xuerui Wang
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota Medical SchoolMinneapolisUnited States
- Greg Marzolf Jr. Muscular Dystrophy Center, University of Minnesota Medical SchoolMinneapolisUnited States
- Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota Medical SchoolMinneapolisUnited States
| | - Kasey Zhou
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota Medical SchoolMinneapolisUnited States
- Greg Marzolf Jr. Muscular Dystrophy Center, University of Minnesota Medical SchoolMinneapolisUnited States
- Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota Medical SchoolMinneapolisUnited States
| | - Mahmut Ünverdi
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota Medical SchoolMinneapolisUnited States
- Greg Marzolf Jr. Muscular Dystrophy Center, University of Minnesota Medical SchoolMinneapolisUnited States
- Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota Medical SchoolMinneapolisUnited States
| | - Allison P Kann
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkUnited States
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciencesf, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkUnited States
| | - Robert S Krauss
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkUnited States
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciencesf, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkUnited States
| | - Atsushi Asakura
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota Medical SchoolMinneapolisUnited States
- Greg Marzolf Jr. Muscular Dystrophy Center, University of Minnesota Medical SchoolMinneapolisUnited States
- Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota Medical SchoolMinneapolisUnited States
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6
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Abstract
Skeletal muscle stem cells (MuSCs, also called satellite cells) are the source of the robust regenerative capability of this tissue. The hallmark property of MuSCs at homeostasis is quiescence, a reversible state of cell cycle arrest required for long-term preservation of the stem cell population. MuSCs reside between an individual myofiber and an enwrapping basal lamina, defining the immediate MuSC niche. Additional cell types outside the basal lamina, in the interstitial space, also contribute to niche function. Quiescence is actively maintained by multiple niche-derived signals, including adhesion molecules presented from the myofiber surface and basal lamina, as well as soluble signaling factors produced by myofibers and interstitial cell types. In this Cell Science at a Glance article and accompanying poster, we present the most recent information on how niche signals promote MuSC quiescence and provide perspectives for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret Hung
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Hsiao-Fan Lo
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Grace E. L. Jones
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Robert S. Krauss
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
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7
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Yeh CJ, Sattler KM, Lepper C. Molecular regulation of satellite cells via intercellular signaling. Gene 2023; 858:147172. [PMID: 36621659 PMCID: PMC9928918 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Somatic stem cells are tissue-specific reserve cells tasked to sustain tissue homeostasis in adulthood and/or effect tissue regeneration after traumatic injury. The stem cells of skeletal muscle tissue are the satellite cells, which were originally described and named after their localization beneath the muscle fiber lamina and attached to the multi-nucleated muscle fibers. During adult homeostasis, satellite cells are maintained in quiescence, a state of reversible cell cycle arrest. Yet, upon injury, satellite cells are rapidly activated, becoming highly mitotically active to generate large numbers of myoblasts that differentiate and fuse to regenerate the injured muscle fibers. A subset self-renews to replenish the pool of muscle stem cells.Complex intrinsic gene regulatory networks maintain the quiescent state of satellite cells, or upon injury, direct their activation, proliferation, differentiation and self-renewal. Molecular cues from the satellite cells' environment provide the essential information as to when and where satellite cells are to stay quiescent or break quiescence and effect regenerative myogenesis. Predominantly, these cues are secreted, diffusible or membrane-bound ligands that bind to and activate their specific cognate receptors on the satellite cell to activate downstream signaling cascades and elicit context-specific cell behavior. This review aims to offer a concise overview of major intercellular signaling pathways regulating satellite cells during quiescence and in injury-induced skeletal muscle regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Ju Yeh
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Kristina M Sattler
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Christoph Lepper
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States.
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Bagley JR, Denes LT, McCarthy JJ, Wang ET, Murach KA. The myonuclear domain in adult skeletal muscle fibres: past, present and future. J Physiol 2023; 601:723-741. [PMID: 36629254 PMCID: PMC9931674 DOI: 10.1113/jp283658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Most cells in the body are mononuclear whereas skeletal muscle fibres are uniquely multinuclear. The nuclei of muscle fibres (myonuclei) are usually situated peripherally which complicates the equitable distribution of gene products. Myonuclear abundance can also change under conditions such as hypertrophy and atrophy. Specialised zones in muscle fibres have different functions and thus distinct synthetic demands from myonuclei. The complex structure and regulatory requirements of multinuclear muscle cells understandably led to the hypothesis that myonuclei govern defined 'domains' to maintain homeostasis and facilitate adaptation. The purpose of this review is to provide historical context for the myonuclear domain and evaluate its veracity with respect to mRNA and protein distribution resulting from myonuclear transcription. We synthesise insights from past and current in vitro and in vivo genetically modified models for studying the myonuclear domain under dynamic conditions. We also cover the most contemporary knowledge on mRNA and protein transport in muscle cells. Insights from emerging technologies such as single myonuclear RNA-sequencing further inform our discussion of the myonuclear domain. We broadly conclude: (1) the myonuclear domain can be flexible during muscle fibre growth and atrophy, (2) the mechanisms and role of myonuclear loss and motility deserve further consideration, (3) mRNA in muscle is actively transported via microtubules and locally restricted, but proteins may travel far from a myonucleus of origin and (4) myonuclear transcriptional specialisation extends beyond the classic neuromuscular and myotendinous populations. A deeper understanding of the myonuclear domain in muscle may promote effective therapies for ageing and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R. Bagley
- Muscle Physiology Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, California
| | | | - John J. McCarthy
- The Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky
| | - Eric T. Wang
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Center for NeuroGenetics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
- Myology Institute, University of Florida
- Genetics Institute, University of Florida
| | - Kevin A. Murach
- Exercise Science Research Center, Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, University of Arkansas
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Mechanical compression creates a quiescent muscle stem cell niche. Commun Biol 2023; 6:43. [PMID: 36639551 PMCID: PMC9839757 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04411-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue stem cell niches are regulated by their mechanical environment, notably the extracellular matrix (ECM). Skeletal muscles consist of bundled myofibers for force transmission. Within this macroscopic architecture, quiescent Pax7-expressing (Pax7+) muscle stem cells (MuSCs) are compressed between ECM basally and myofiber apically. Muscle injury causes MuSCs to lose apical compression from the myofiber and re-enter the cell cycle for regeneration. While ECM elasticities have been shown to affect MuSC's renewal, the significance of apical compression remains unknown. To investigate the role of apical compression, we simulate the MuSCs' in vivo mechanical environment by applying physical compression to MuSCs' apical surface. We demonstrate that compression drives activated MuSCs back to a quiescent stem cell state, regardless of basal elasticities and chemistries. By mathematical modeling and cell tension manipulation, we conclude that low overall tension combined with high axial tension generated by compression leads to MuSCs' stemness and quiescence. Unexpectedly, we discovered that apical compression results in up-regulation of Notch downstream genes, accompanied by the increased levels of nuclear Notch1&3 in a Delta ligand (Dll) and ADAM10/17 independent manner. Our results fill a knowledge gap on the role of apical compression for MuSC fate and have implications to stem cells in other tissues.
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Dystrophin myonuclear domain restoration governs treatment efficacy in dystrophic muscle. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2206324120. [PMID: 36595689 PMCID: PMC9926233 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2206324120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Dystrophin is essential for muscle health: its sarcolemmal absence causes the fatal, X-linked condition, Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). However, its normal, spatial organization remains poorly understood, which hinders the interpretation of efficacy of its therapeutic restoration. Using female reporter mice heterozygous for fluorescently tagged dystrophin (DmdEGFP), we here reveal that dystrophin distribution is unexpectedly compartmentalized, being restricted to myonuclear-defined sarcolemmal territories extending ~80 µm, which we called "basal sarcolemmal dystrophin units (BSDUs)." These territories were further specialized at myotendinous junctions, where both Dmd transcripts and dystrophin protein were enriched. Genome-level correction in X-linked muscular dystrophy mice via CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing restored a mosaic of separated dystrophin domains, whereas transcript-level Dmd correction, following treatment with tricyclo-DNA antisense oligonucleotides, restored dystrophin initially at junctions before extending along the entire fiber-with levels ~2% sufficient to moderate the dystrophic process. We conclude that widespread restoration of fiber dystrophin is likely critical for therapeutic success in DMD, perhaps most importantly, at muscle-tendon junctions.
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11
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Eliazer S, Sun X, Barruet E, Brack AS. Heterogeneous levels of delta-like 4 within a multinucleated niche cell maintains muscle stem cell diversity. eLife 2022; 11:68180. [PMID: 36583937 PMCID: PMC9803355 DOI: 10.7554/elife.68180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The quiescent muscle stem cell (QSC) pool is heterogeneous and generally characterized by the presence and levels of intrinsic myogenic transcription factors. Whether extrinsic factors maintain the diversity of states across the QSC pool remains unknown. The muscle fiber is a multinucleated syncytium that serves as a niche to QSCs, raising the possibility that the muscle fiber regulates the diversity of states across the QSC pool. Here, we show that the muscle fiber maintains a continuum of quiescent states, through a gradient of Notch ligand, Dll4, produced by the fiber and captured by QSCs. The abundance of Dll4 captured by the QSC correlates with the protein levels of the stem cell (SC) identity marker, Pax7. Niche-specific loss of Dll4 decreases QSC diversity and shifts the continuum to cell states that are biased toward more proliferative and committed fates. We reveal that fiber-derived Mindbomb1 (Mib1), an E3 ubiquitin ligase activates Dll4 and controls the heterogeneous levels of Dll4. In response to injury, with a Dll4-replenished niche, the normal continuum and diversity of the SC pool is restored, demonstrating bidirectionality within the SC continuum. Our data show that a post-translational mechanism controls heterogeneity of Notch ligands in a multinucleated niche cell to maintain a continuum of metastable states within the SC pool during tissue homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Eliazer
- The Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health SciencesGrand ForksUnited States
| | - Xuefeng Sun
- The Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Emilie Barruet
- The Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Departments of Surgery and Orofacial Sciences, Program in Craniofacial Biology, University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Andrew S Brack
- The Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
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12
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Alzu'bi A, Sankar N, Crosier M, Kerwin J, Clowry GJ. Tyramide signal amplification coupled with multiple immunolabeling and RNAScope in situ hybridization in formaldehyde-fixed paraffin-embedded human fetal brain. J Anat 2022; 241:33-41. [PMID: 35224745 PMCID: PMC9178390 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Several strategies have been recently introduced to improve the practicality of multiple immunolabeling and RNA in situ hybridization protocols. Tyramide signal amplification (TSA) is a powerful method used to improve the detection sensitivity of immunohistochemistry. RNAScope is a novel commercially available in situ hybridization assay for the detection of RNA expression. In this work, we describe the use of TSA and RNAScope in situ hybridization as extremely sensitive and specific methods for the evaluation of protein and RNA expression in formaldehyde-fixed paraffin-embedded human fetal brain sections. These two techniques, when properly optimized, were highly compatible with routine formaldehyde-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue that preserves the best morphological characteristics of delicate fetal brain samples, enabling an unparalleled ability to simultaneously visualize the expression of multiple protein and mRNA of genes that are sparsely expressed in the human fetal telencephalon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman Alzu'bi
- Biosciences InstituteNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
- Department of Basic Medical SciencesYarmouk UniversityIrbidJordan
| | - Niveditha Sankar
- Biosciences InstituteNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
- Present address:
Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of MedicineUniversity of North DakotaGrand ForksNorth DakotaUSA
| | - Moira Crosier
- Biosciences InstituteNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
- Human Developmental Biology ResourceNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | - Janet Kerwin
- Biosciences InstituteNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
- Human Developmental Biology ResourceNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | - Gavin J. Clowry
- Biosciences InstituteNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
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13
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Williams K, Yokomori K, Mortazavi A. Heterogeneous Skeletal Muscle Cell and Nucleus Populations Identified by Single-Cell and Single-Nucleus Resolution Transcriptome Assays. Front Genet 2022; 13:835099. [PMID: 35646075 PMCID: PMC9136090 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.835099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) has revolutionized modern genomics, but the large size of myotubes and myofibers has restricted use of scRNA-seq in skeletal muscle. For the study of muscle, single-nucleus RNA-seq (snRNA-seq) has emerged not only as an alternative to scRNA-seq, but as a novel method providing valuable insights into multinucleated cells such as myofibers. Nuclei within myofibers specialize at junctions with other cell types such as motor neurons. Nuclear heterogeneity plays important roles in certain diseases such as muscular dystrophies. We survey current methods of high-throughput single cell and subcellular resolution transcriptomics, including single-cell and single-nucleus RNA-seq and spatial transcriptomics, applied to satellite cells, myoblasts, myotubes and myofibers. We summarize the major myonuclei subtypes identified in homeostatic and regenerating tissue including those specific to fiber type or at junctions with other cell types. Disease-specific nucleus populations were found in two muscular dystrophies, FSHD and Duchenne muscular dystrophy, demonstrating the importance of performing transcriptome studies at the single nucleus level in muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Williams
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
- Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Kyoko Yokomori
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Ali Mortazavi
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
- Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
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14
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Gioftsidi S, Relaix F, Mourikis P. The Notch signaling network in muscle stem cells during development, homeostasis, and disease. Skelet Muscle 2022; 12:9. [PMID: 35459219 PMCID: PMC9027478 DOI: 10.1186/s13395-022-00293-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle stem cells have a central role in muscle growth and regeneration. They reside as quiescent cells in resting muscle and in response to damage they transiently amplify and fuse to produce new myofibers or self-renew to replenish the stem cell pool. A signaling pathway that is critical in the regulation of all these processes is Notch. Despite the major differences in the anatomical and cellular niches between the embryonic myotome, the adult sarcolemma/basement-membrane interphase, and the regenerating muscle, Notch signaling has evolved to support the context-specific requirements of the muscle cells. In this review, we discuss the diverse ways by which Notch signaling factors and other modifying partners are operating during the lifetime of muscle stem cells to establish an adaptive dynamic network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stamatia Gioftsidi
- Université Paris Est Créteil, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Mondor Institute for Biomedical Research (IMRB), F-94010, Créteil, France
| | - Frederic Relaix
- Université Paris Est Créteil, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Mondor Institute for Biomedical Research (IMRB), F-94010, Créteil, France
- EnvA, IMRB, F-94700, Maisons-Alfort, France
- Etablissement Français du Sang (EFS), IMRB, F-94010, Creteil, France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hopital Mondor, Service d'Histologie, F-94010, Creteil, France
| | - Philippos Mourikis
- Université Paris Est Créteil, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Mondor Institute for Biomedical Research (IMRB), F-94010, Créteil, France.
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15
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McKellar DW, Walter LD, Song LT, Mantri M, Wang MFZ, De Vlaminck I, Cosgrove BD. Large-scale integration of single-cell transcriptomic data captures transitional progenitor states in mouse skeletal muscle regeneration. Commun Biol 2021; 4:1280. [PMID: 34773081 PMCID: PMC8589952 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02810-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle repair is driven by the coordinated self-renewal and fusion of myogenic stem and progenitor cells. Single-cell gene expression analyses of myogenesis have been hampered by the poor sampling of rare and transient cell states that are critical for muscle repair, and do not inform the spatial context that is important for myogenic differentiation. Here, we demonstrate how large-scale integration of single-cell and spatial transcriptomic data can overcome these limitations. We created a single-cell transcriptomic dataset of mouse skeletal muscle by integration, consensus annotation, and analysis of 23 newly collected scRNAseq datasets and 88 publicly available single-cell (scRNAseq) and single-nucleus (snRNAseq) RNA-sequencing datasets. The resulting dataset includes more than 365,000 cells and spans a wide range of ages, injury, and repair conditions. Together, these data enabled identification of the predominant cell types in skeletal muscle, and resolved cell subtypes, including endothelial subtypes distinguished by vessel-type of origin, fibro-adipogenic progenitors defined by functional roles, and many distinct immune populations. The representation of different experimental conditions and the depth of transcriptome coverage enabled robust profiling of sparsely expressed genes. We built a densely sampled transcriptomic model of myogenesis, from stem cell quiescence to myofiber maturation, and identified rare, transitional states of progenitor commitment and fusion that are poorly represented in individual datasets. We performed spatial RNA sequencing of mouse muscle at three time points after injury and used the integrated dataset as a reference to achieve a high-resolution, local deconvolution of cell subtypes. We also used the integrated dataset to explore ligand-receptor co-expression patterns and identify dynamic cell-cell interactions in muscle injury response. We provide a public web tool to enable interactive exploration and visualization of the data. Our work supports the utility of large-scale integration of single-cell transcriptomic data as a tool for biological discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- David W McKellar
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Lauren D Walter
- Department of Molecular Biology & Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Leo T Song
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Madhav Mantri
- Department of Computational Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Michael F Z Wang
- Department of Computational Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Iwijn De Vlaminck
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
| | - Benjamin D Cosgrove
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
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16
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Microtubule-based transport is essential to distribute RNA and nascent protein in skeletal muscle. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6079. [PMID: 34707124 PMCID: PMC8551216 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26383-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
While the importance of RNA localization in highly differentiated cells is well appreciated, basic principles of RNA localization in skeletal muscle remain poorly characterized. Here, we develop a method to detect and quantify single molecule RNA localization patterns in skeletal myofibers, and uncover a critical role for directed transport of RNPs in muscle. We find that RNAs localize and are translated along sarcomere Z-disks, dispersing tens of microns from progenitor nuclei, regardless of encoded protein function. We find that directed transport along the lattice-like microtubule network of myofibers becomes essential to achieve this localization pattern as muscle development progresses; disruption of this network leads to extreme accumulation of RNPs and nascent protein around myonuclei. Our observations suggest that global active RNP transport may be required to distribute RNAs in highly differentiated cells and reveal fundamental mechanisms of gene regulation, with consequences for myopathies caused by perturbations to RNPs or microtubules.
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17
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Wu Q, Feng Z, Hu W. Reduction of autofluorescence in whole adult worms of Schistosoma japonicum for immunofluorescence assay. Parasit Vectors 2021; 14:532. [PMID: 34649608 PMCID: PMC8515762 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-021-05027-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunofluorescence assay is one of methods to understand the spatial biology by visualizing localization of biomolecules in cells and tissues. Autofluorescence, as a common phenomenon in organisms, is a background signal interfering the immunolocalization assay of schistosome biomolecules, and may lead to misinterpretation of the biomolecular function. However, applicable method for reducing the autofluorescence in Schistosoma remains unclear. In order to find a suitable method for reducing autofluorescence of schistosomes, different chemical reagents, such as Sudan black B (SBB), trypan blue (TB), copper sulfate (CuSO4), Tris-glycine (Gly), and ammonia/ethanol (AE), at different concentrations and treatment time were tested, and SBB and CuSO4 were verified for the effect of blocking autofluorescence in immunofluorescence to localize the target with anti-SjCRT antibody. By comparing the autofluorescence characteristics of different conditions, it was found that SBB, TB and CuSO4 had a certain degree of reducing autofluorescence effect, and the best effect in females was using 50 mM CuSO4 for 6 h and in males was 0.5% SBB for 6 h. Furthermore, we have applied the optimized conditions to the immunofluorescence of SjCRT protein, and the results revealed that the immunofluorescence signal of SjCRT was clearly visible without autofluorescence interference. We present an effective method to reduce autofluorescence in male and female worm of Schistosoma japonicum for immunofluorescence assay, which could be helpful to better understand biomolecular functions. Our method provides an idea for immunofluorescence assay in other flukes with autofluoresence. ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Qunfeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Feng
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology of the Chinese Ministry of Health, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Joint Research Laboratory of Genetics and Ecology On Parasite-Host Interaction, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention & Fudan University, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, People's Republic of China. .,National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology of the Chinese Ministry of Health, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Joint Research Laboratory of Genetics and Ecology On Parasite-Host Interaction, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention & Fudan University, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China.
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18
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Pinheiro H, Pimentel MR, Sequeira C, Oliveira LM, Pezzarossa A, Roman W, Gomes ER. mRNA distribution in skeletal muscle is associated with mRNA size. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:jcs256388. [PMID: 34297126 PMCID: PMC7611476 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.256388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle myofibers are large and elongated cells with multiple and evenly distributed nuclei. Nuclear distribution suggests that each nucleus influences a specific compartment within the myofiber and implies a functional role for nuclear positioning. Compartmentalization of specific mRNAs and proteins has been reported at the neuromuscular and myotendinous junctions, but mRNA distribution in non-specialized regions of the myofibers remains largely unexplored. We report that the bulk of mRNAs are enriched around the nucleus of origin and that this perinuclear accumulation depends on recently transcribed mRNAs. Surprisingly, mRNAs encoding large proteins - giant mRNAs - are spread throughout the cell and do not exhibit perinuclear accumulation. Furthermore, by expressing exogenous transcripts with different sizes we found that size contributes to mRNA spreading independently of mRNA sequence. Both these mRNA distribution patterns depend on microtubules and are independent of nuclear dispersion, mRNA expression level and stability, and the characteristics of the encoded protein. Thus, we propose that mRNA distribution in non-specialized regions of skeletal muscle is size selective to ensure cellular compartmentalization and simultaneous long-range distribution of giant mRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Pinheiro
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa. Avenida Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Mafalda Ramos Pimentel
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa. Avenida Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Catarina Sequeira
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa. Avenida Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Luís Manuel Oliveira
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa. Avenida Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Anna Pezzarossa
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa. Avenida Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - William Roman
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa. Avenida Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
- Experimental and Health Sciences (DCEXS), Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08002 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Edgar R. Gomes
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa. Avenida Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
- Instituto de Histologia e Biologia do Desenvolvimento, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
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19
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Nagle MP, Tam GS, Maltz E, Hemminger Z, Wollman R. Bridging scales: From cell biology to physiology using in situ single-cell technologies. Cell Syst 2021; 12:388-400. [PMID: 34015260 DOI: 10.1016/j.cels.2021.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Biological organization crosses multiple spatial scales: from molecular, cellular, to tissues and organs. The proliferation of molecular profiling technologies enables increasingly detailed cataloging of the components at each scale. However, the scarcity of spatial profiling has made it challenging to bridge across these scales. Emerging technologies based on highly multiplexed in situ profiling are paving the way to study the spatial organization of cells and tissues in greater detail. These new technologies provide the data needed to cross the scale from cell biology to physiology and identify the fundamental principles that govern tissue organization. Here, we provide an overview of these key technologies and discuss the current and future insights these powerful techniques enable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maeve P Nagle
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Institute for Quantitative and Computational Biosciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Gabriela S Tam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Institute for Quantitative and Computational Biosciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Evan Maltz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Institute for Quantitative and Computational Biosciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Zachary Hemminger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Institute for Quantitative and Computational Biosciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Roy Wollman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Institute for Quantitative and Computational Biosciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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20
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Zhang Y, Lahmann I, Baum K, Shimojo H, Mourikis P, Wolf J, Kageyama R, Birchmeier C. Oscillations of Delta-like1 regulate the balance between differentiation and maintenance of muscle stem cells. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1318. [PMID: 33637744 PMCID: PMC7910593 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21631-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell-cell interactions mediated by Notch are critical for the maintenance of skeletal muscle stem cells. However, dynamics, cellular source and identity of functional Notch ligands during expansion of the stem cell pool in muscle growth and regeneration remain poorly characterized. Here we demonstrate that oscillating Delta-like 1 (Dll1) produced by myogenic cells is an indispensable Notch ligand for self-renewal of muscle stem cells in mice. Dll1 expression is controlled by the Notch target Hes1 and the muscle regulatory factor MyoD. Consistent with our mathematical model, our experimental analyses show that Hes1 acts as the oscillatory pacemaker, whereas MyoD regulates robust Dll1 expression. Interfering with Dll1 oscillations without changing its overall expression level impairs self-renewal, resulting in premature differentiation of muscle stem cells during muscle growth and regeneration. We conclude that the oscillatory Dll1 input into Notch signaling ensures the equilibrium between self-renewal and differentiation in myogenic cell communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Zhang
- Developmental Biology/Signal Transduction, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Ines Lahmann
- Developmental Biology/Signal Transduction, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katharina Baum
- Mathematical Modelling of Cellular Processes, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- Hasso Plattner Institute, Digital Engineering Faculty, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Hiromi Shimojo
- Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Jana Wolf
- Mathematical Modelling of Cellular Processes, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Free University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ryoichiro Kageyama
- Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Carmen Birchmeier
- Developmental Biology/Signal Transduction, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany.
- Neurowissenschaftliches Forschungzentrum, NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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21
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Lala-Tabbert N, AlSudais H, Marchildon F, Fu D, Wiper-Bergeron N. CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein beta promotes muscle stem cell quiescence through regulation of quiescence-associated genes. Stem Cells 2020; 39:345-357. [PMID: 33326659 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Regeneration of skeletal muscle depends on resident muscle stem cells called satellite cells that in healthy, uninjured muscle remain quiescent (noncycling). After activation and expansion of satellite cells postinjury, satellite cell numbers return to uninjured levels and return to mitotic quiescence. Here, we show that the transcription factor CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein beta (C/EBPβ) is required to maintain quiescence of satellite cells in uninjured muscle. We show that C/EBPβ is expressed in quiescent satellite cells in vivo and upregulated in noncycling myoblasts in vitro. Loss of C/EBPβ in satellite cells promotes their premature exit from quiescence resulting in spontaneous activation and differentiation of the stem cell pool. Forced expression of C/EBPβ in myoblasts inhibits proliferation by upregulation of 28 quiescence-associated genes. Furthermore, we find that caveolin-1 is a direct transcriptional target of C/EBPβ and is required for cell cycle exit in muscle satellite cells expressing C/EBPβ. The induction of mitotic quiescence is considered necessary for the long-term maintenance of adult stem cell populations with dysregulation driving increased differentiation of progenitors and depletion of the stem cell pool. Our findings place C/EBPβ as an important transcriptional regulator of muscle satellite cell quiescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neena Lala-Tabbert
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Apoptosis Research Centre, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hamood AlSudais
- Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - François Marchildon
- Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Laboratory of Molecular Metabolism, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Dechen Fu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Cleveland Clinic, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Nadine Wiper-Bergeron
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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22
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De Micheli AJ, Swanson JB, Disser NP, Martinez LM, Walker NR, Oliver DJ, Cosgrove BD, Mendias CL. Single-cell transcriptomic analysis identifies extensive heterogeneity in the cellular composition of mouse Achilles tendons. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2020; 319:C885-C894. [PMID: 32877217 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00372.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Tendon is a dense connective tissue that stores and transmits forces between muscles and bones. Cellular heterogeneity is increasingly recognized as an important factor in the biological basis of tissue homeostasis and disease, yet little is known about the diversity of cell types that populate tendon. To address this, we determined the heterogeneity of cell populations within mouse Achilles tendons using single-cell RNA sequencing. In assembling a transcriptomic atlas of Achilles tendons, we identified 11 distinct types of cells, including three previously undescribed populations of tendon fibroblasts. Prior studies have indicated that pericytes, which are found in the vasculature of tendons, could serve as a potential source of progenitor cells for adult tendon fibroblasts. Using trajectory inference analysis, we provide additional support for the notion that pericytes are likely to be at least one of the progenitor cell populations for the fibroblasts that compose adult tendons. We also modeled cell-cell interactions and identified previously undescribed ligand-receptor signaling interactions involved in tendon homeostasis. Our novel and interactive tendon atlas highlights previously underappreciated heterogeneity between and within tendon cell populations. The atlas also serves as a resource to further the understanding of tendon extracellular matrix assembly and maintenance and in the design of therapies for tendinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea J De Micheli
- Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York.,Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | | | | | | | - Nicholas R Walker
- Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York.,Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | | | - Benjamin D Cosgrove
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Christopher L Mendias
- Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York.,Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
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23
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Barruet E, Garcia SM, Striedinger K, Wu J, Lee S, Byrnes L, Wong A, Xuefeng S, Tamaki S, Brack AS, Pomerantz JH. Functionally heterogeneous human satellite cells identified by single cell RNA sequencing. eLife 2020; 9:51576. [PMID: 32234209 PMCID: PMC7164960 DOI: 10.7554/elife.51576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Although heterogeneity is recognized within the murine satellite cell pool, a comprehensive understanding of distinct subpopulations and their functional relevance in human satellite cells is lacking. We used a combination of single cell RNA sequencing and flow cytometry to identify, distinguish, and physically separate novel subpopulations of human PAX7+ satellite cells (Hu-MuSCs) from normal muscles. We found that, although relatively homogeneous compared to activated satellite cells and committed progenitors, the Hu-MuSC pool contains clusters of transcriptionally distinct cells with consistency across human individuals. New surface marker combinations were enriched in transcriptional subclusters, including a subpopulation of Hu-MuSCs marked by CXCR4/CD29/CD56/CAV1 (CAV1+). In vitro, CAV1+ Hu-MuSCs are morphologically distinct, and characterized by resistance to activation compared to CAV1- Hu-MuSCs. In vivo, CAV1+ Hu-MuSCs demonstrated increased engraftment after transplantation. Our findings provide a comprehensive transcriptional view of normal Hu-MuSCs and describe new heterogeneity, enabling separation of functionally distinct human satellite cell subpopulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Barruet
- Departments of Surgery and Orofacial Sciences, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Program in Craniofacial Biology, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Steven M Garcia
- Departments of Surgery and Orofacial Sciences, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Program in Craniofacial Biology, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Katharine Striedinger
- Departments of Surgery and Orofacial Sciences, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Program in Craniofacial Biology, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Jake Wu
- Departments of Surgery and Orofacial Sciences, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Program in Craniofacial Biology, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Solomon Lee
- Departments of Surgery and Orofacial Sciences, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Program in Craniofacial Biology, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Lauren Byrnes
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Alvin Wong
- Departments of Surgery and Orofacial Sciences, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Program in Craniofacial Biology, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Sun Xuefeng
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Stanley Tamaki
- Departments of Surgery and Orofacial Sciences, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Program in Craniofacial Biology, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Andrew S Brack
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Jason H Pomerantz
- Departments of Surgery and Orofacial Sciences, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Program in Craniofacial Biology, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
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