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Wu W, Chen G, Zhang Z, He M, Li H, Yan F. Construction and verification of atopic dermatitis diagnostic model based on pyroptosis related biological markers using machine learning methods. BMC Med Genomics 2023; 16:138. [PMID: 37330465 PMCID: PMC10276470 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-023-01552-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to construct a model used for the accurate diagnosis of Atopic dermatitis (AD) using pyroptosis related biological markers (PRBMs) through the methods of machine learning. METHOD The pyroptosis related genes (PRGs) were acquired from molecular signatures database (MSigDB). The chip data of GSE120721, GSE6012, GSE32924, and GSE153007 were downloaded from gene expression omnibus (GEO) database. The data of GSE120721 and GSE6012 were combined as the training group, while the others were served as the testing groups. Subsequently, the expression of PRGs was extracted from the training group and differentially expressed analysis was conducted. CIBERSORT algorithm calculated the immune cells infiltration and differentially expressed analysis was conducted. Consistent cluster analysis divided AD patients into different modules according to the expression levels of PRGs. Then, weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA) screened the key module. For the key module, we used Random forest (RF), support vector machines (SVM), Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGB), and generalized linear model (GLM) to construct diagnostic models. For the five PRBMs with the highest model importance, we built a nomogram. Finally, the results of the model were validated using GSE32924, and GSE153007 datasets. RESULTS Nine PRGs were significant differences in normal humans and AD patients. Immune cells infiltration showed that the activated CD4+ memory T cells and Dendritic cells (DCs) were significantly higher in AD patients than normal humans, while the activated natural killer (NK) cells and the resting mast cells were significantly lower in AD patients than normal humans. Consistent cluster analysis divided the expressing matrix into 2 modules. Subsequently, WGCNA analysis showed that the turquoise module had a significant difference and high correlation coefficient. Then, the machine model was constructed and the results showed that the XGB model was the optimal model. The nomogram was constructed by using HDAC1, GPALPP1, LGALS3, SLC29A1, and RWDD3 five PRBMs. Finally, the datasets GSE32924 and GSE153007 verified the reliability of this result. CONCLUSIONS The XGB model based on five PRBMs can be used for the accurate diagnosis of AD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfeng Wu
- The Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gaofei Chen
- The Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Zhongshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhongshan, China
| | - Zexin Zhang
- The First Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meixing He
- The Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongyi Li
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Fenggen Yan
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Refractory Chronic Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China.
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Guangzhou, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
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Wang Y, Wang H. The emerging role of histone deacetylase 1 in allergic diseases. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1027403. [PMID: 36311721 PMCID: PMC9597694 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1027403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) is a unique member of the classes I HDACs and helps to regulate acute and chronic adaptation to environmental stimuli such as allergen, stress. Allergic diseases are complex diseases resulting from the effect of multiple genetic and interacting foreign substances. Epigenetics play an important role in both pathological and immunomodulatory conditions of allergic diseases. To be consistent with this role, recent evidence strongly suggests that histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) plays a critical role in allergic response. HDAC1 expression is stimulated by allergen and attributes to increase T helper 2 (Th2) cytokine levels, decrease Th1/Th17 cells and anti-inflammatory cytokine Interleukin-10 (IL-10), and TWIK-related potassium channel-1 (Trek-1) expression. This review focuses on the contribution of HDAC1 and the regulatory role in characterizing allergic endotypes with common molecular pathways and understanding allergic multimorbidity relationships, as well as addressing their potential as therapeutic targets for these conditions.
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Ma X, Ru Y, Luo Y, Kuai L, Chen QL, Bai Y, Liu YQ, Chen J, Luo Y, Song JK, Zhou M, Li B. Post-Translational Modifications in Atopic Dermatitis: Current Research and Clinical Relevance. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:942838. [PMID: 35874824 PMCID: PMC9301047 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.942838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic and relapsing cutaneous disorder characterized by compromised immune system, excessive inflammation, and skin barrier disruption. Post-translational modifications (PTMs) are covalent and enzymatic modifications of proteins after their translation, which have been reported to play roles in inflammatory and allergic diseases. However, less attention has been paid to the effect of PTMs on AD. This review summarized the knowledge of six major classes (including phosphorylation, acetylation, ubiquitination, SUMOylation, glycosylation, o-glycosylation, and glycation) of PTMs in AD pathogenesis and discussed the opportunities for disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Ma
- Department of Dermatology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Ru
- Department of Dermatology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Luo
- Department of Dermatology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Le Kuai
- Department of Dermatology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi-Long Chen
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Bai
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ye-Qiang Liu
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia Chen
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Luo
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian-Kun Song
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mi Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Mi Zhou, ; Bin Li,
| | - Bin Li
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Mi Zhou, ; Bin Li,
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4
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Kang YM, Lee M, An HJ. New Potential of Roxatidine Acetate Hydrochloride on Atopic Dermatitis Mouse Model, Human Keratinocytes, and Human Skin Equivalent Model. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:797086. [PMID: 35002730 PMCID: PMC8740129 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.797086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a complex inflammatory skin disorder, characterized by a complicated pathophysiology and a wide range of clinical phenotypes. Roxatidine acetate chloride (RXA) is a precursor of Roxatidine and a histamine H2 receptor antagonist, used for the treatment of gastric ulcers. In this study, we aimed to examine whether RXA had anti-AD effects and determine the underlying molecular mechanism of RXA. The anti-AD effects were examined in Dermatophagoides farinae body (Dfb)-induced AD mouse model, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α/interferon (IFN)-γ-stimulated HaCaT keratinocytes, and human skin equivalent model using ELISA, histological analysis, immunohistochemistry, Western blot, and immunofluorescence. Results showed that RXA treatment significantly alleviated Dfb-induced AD skin symptoms and clinical severity in mice by decreasing the levels of immunoglobulin E, histamine, and inflammatory cytokines. RXA effectively inhibited the expression of adhesive molecules and recovered the filaggrin expression in Dfb-induced AD skin lesions and TNF-α/IFN-γ-stimulated HaCaT keratinocytes. Additionally, RXA significantly upregulated the expression of aryl hydrocarbon receptor and sirtuin1. The anti-AD effects of RXA were associated with suppressed nuclear factor kappa cascade. Overall, our results suggest that RXA may be a potential anti-AD candidate owing to its inhibitory effect against skin inflammation and protection of the skin barrier function in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Mi Kang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Sangji University, Wonju, South Korea
| | - Minho Lee
- Department of Life Science, Dongguk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyo-Jin An
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Sangji University, Wonju, South Korea
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Effect of commonly used cosmetic preservatives on skin resident microflora dynamics. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8695. [PMID: 33888782 PMCID: PMC8062602 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88072-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Human skin is populated by various microorganisms, the so-called microbiota, such as bacteria, viruses, yeasts, fungi, and archaea. The skin microbiota is in constant contact with the surrounding environment which can alter its eubiotic state. Recently it has been also observed that the application of cosmetic products can alter the balance of the skin microbiota. This effect may be attributed to many factors including the residual activity of the preservatives on the skin. In the present work, we studied the effect of eleven preservatives commonly found in cosmetic products on Propionibacterium acnes, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Staphylococcus aureus in vitro using 3D skin models and culture-dependent methods. Also, the effect on Histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) has been investigated. Among tested combinations, three resulted as the best suitable for restoring a pre-existing dysbiosis since they act moderately inhibiting C. acnes and strongly S. aureus without simultaneously inhibiting the growth of S. epidermidis. The other four combinations resulted as the best suitable for use in topical products for skin and scalp in which it is necessary to preserve the eubiosis of the microbiota. Some of the tested were also able to increase HDAC3 expression. Taking together these data highlight the role of preservatives of skin resident microflora dynamics and could provide a reference for correctly choice preservatives and dosage in cosmetic formulations to preserve or restore homeostasis of skin microbiota.
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Kelel M, Yang RB, Tsai TF, Liang PH, Wu FY, Huang YT, Yang MF, Hsiao YP, Wang LF, Tu CF, Liu FT, Lee YL. FUT8 Remodeling of EGFR Regulates Epidermal Keratinocyte Proliferation during Psoriasis Development. J Invest Dermatol 2021; 141:512-522. [PMID: 32888953 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2020.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
α-(1,6)-fucosyltransferase 8 (FUT8) is implicated in the pathogenesis of several malignancies, but its role in psoriasis is poorly understood. In this study, we show that FUT8 remodeling of EGFR plays a critical role in the development of psoriasis phenotypes. Notably, elevated FUT8 expression was associated with disease severity in the lesional epidermis of a patient with psoriasis. FUT8 gain of function promoted HaCaT cell proliferation, whereas short hairpin FUT8 reduced cell proliferation and induced a longer S phase with downregulation of cyclin A1 expression. Furthermore, cell proliferation, which is controlled by the activation of EGFR, was shown to be regulated by FUT8 core fucosylation of EGFR. Short hairpin FUT8 significantly reduced EGFR/protein kinase B signaling and slowed EGF‒EGFR complex trafficking to the perinuclear region. Moreover, short hairpin FUT8 reduced ligand-induced EGFR dimerization. Overactivated EGFR was observed in the lesional epidermis of both human patient and psoriasis-like mouse model, whereas conditional knockout of FUT8 in an IL-23 psoriasis-like mouse model ameliorated disease phenotypes and reduced EGFR activation in the epidermis. These findings implied that elevated FUT8 expression in the lesional epidermis is implicated in the development of psoriasis phenotypes, being required for EGFR overactivation and leading to keratinocyte hyperproliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Musin Kelel
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Taiwan International Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang-Ming University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ruey-Bing Yang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Ph.D. Program in Biotechnology Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsen-Fang Tsai
- Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pi-Hui Liang
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Yu Wu
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Tien Huang
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Fong Yang
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ping Hsiao
- Department of Dermatology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital and Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Li-Fang Wang
- Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Fen Tu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Tong Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yungling L Lee
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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7
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How Qualification of 3D Disease Models Cuts the Gordian Knot in Preclinical Drug Development. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2020. [PMID: 32894342 DOI: 10.1007/164_2020_374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Preclinical research struggles with its predictive power for drug effects in patients. The clinical success of preclinically approved drug candidates ranges between 3% and 33%. Regardless of the approach, novel disease models and test methods need to prove their relevance and reliability for predicting drug effects in patients, which is usually achieved by method validation. Nevertheless, validating all models appears unrealistic due to the variety of diseases. Thus, novel concepts are needed to increase the quality of preclinical research.Herein, we introduce qualification as a minimal standard to establish the relevance of preclinical models and test methods. Qualification starts with prioritizing and translating scientific requirements into technical parameters by quality function deployment. Qualified models use authenticated cells, which resemble the corresponding cells in humans in morphology and drug target expression. Moreover, disease models differ from normal models in the expression of relevant biomarkers. As a result, qualified test methods can discriminate effects of treatment standards and the effects of weakly effective or ineffective substances. Observer-blind readout, adequate data documentation, dropout inclusion, and a priori power studies are as crucial as realistic dosage regimens for qualified approaches. Here, we showcase the implementation of qualification. Adjusting the level of model complexity and qualification to three defined phases of preclinical research assures the optimal level of certainty at each step.In conclusion, qualification strengthens the researchers' impact by defining basic requirements that novel approaches must fulfill while still allowing for scientific creativity. Qualification helps to improve the predictive power of preclinical research. Applied to human cell-based models, qualification reduces animal testing, since only effective drug candidates are subjected to final animal testing and subsequently to clinical trials.
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8
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Yu J, Chen P, Yang J, Qiu X, Qiu G, Zhu S. An innovative in vitro assay to study the effects of aromatic pollutants on porphyrin systems. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 264:114606. [PMID: 32375088 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Interactions between aromatic pollutants (APs) and porphyrin nucleus as physiological receptors have a significant effect on biological functions of porphyrin-based systems in organism. However, the details on the interaction at molecule level are still elusive. Herein, interaction mechanisms between two typical APs (methylene blue, MB and benzo[a]pyrene, B[a]P) and meso-tetra (4-carboxyphenyl) porphine (TCPP) as physiological receptors were systematically investigated. Adsorption behaviors of TCPP to B[a]P was dominated by pi-pi interaction, while interaction between TCPP and MB coupled with a multi-force field including hydrophobic, pi-pi, electrostatic, and H-bonding interactions. The relative contributions of these four forces obeyed an order: H-bonding > pi-pi > electrostatic > hydrophobic, regardless of the pH value and the initial concentration of MB. H-bonding assisted by hydrogen/hydroxide ion was the most influential force. According to the effect of pH and temperature, organisms exposed to cellular environment with high alkalinity and high temperature might uptake more APs molecules with chemical properties similar to MB and suffered greater health risks. In detail, APs might replace amino acid molecules surrounding porphyrin and change the distortion type of porphyrin molecule, and then affect biological functions of porphyrin and related proteins. This study facilitates a better understanding of potential toxicity of organisms in contaminated environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, PR China; Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Pin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, PR China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Xiaoqing Qiu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, PR China
| | - Guohong Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtse River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hubei Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Shukui Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, PR China.
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9
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Photobiomodulation therapy modulates epigenetic events and NF-κB expression in oral epithelial wound healing. Lasers Med Sci 2019; 34:1465-1472. [DOI: 10.1007/s10103-019-02745-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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10
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Kwon Y, Kim Y, Jung HS, Jeoung D. Role of HDAC3-miRNA-CAGE Network in Anti-Cancer Drug-Resistance. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 20:ijms20010051. [PMID: 30583572 PMCID: PMC6337380 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20010051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone modification is associated with resistance to anti-cancer drugs. Epigenetic modifications of histones can regulate resistance to anti-cancer drugs. It has been reported that histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) regulates responses to anti-cancer drugs, angiogenic potential, and tumorigenic potential of cancer cells in association with cancer-associated genes (CAGE), and in particular, a cancer/testis antigen gene. In this paper, we report the roles of microRNAs that regulate the expression of HDAC3 and CAGE involved in resistance to anti-cancer drugs and associated mechanisms. In this review, roles of HDAC3-miRNAs-CAGE molecular networks in resistance to anti-cancer drugs, and the relevance of HDAC3 as a target for developing anti-cancer drugs are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoojung Kwon
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chunchon 24341, Korea.
| | - Youngmi Kim
- Institute of New Frontier Research, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chunchon 24251, Korea.
| | - Hyun Suk Jung
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chunchon 24341, Korea.
| | - Dooil Jeoung
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chunchon 24341, Korea.
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11
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Rudyak SG, Usakin LA, Tverye EA, Orekhov AS, Belushkina NN, Paus R, Paltsev MA, Panteleyev AA. Retinoic acid co-treatment aggravates severity of dioxin-induced skin lesions in hairless mice via induction of inflammatory response. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 506:854-861. [PMID: 30389142 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.10.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to toxic halogenated polyaromatic hydrocarbons, of which 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is the most potent, induces diverse skin pathologies in humans, including chloracne, hyperkeratosis, hamartomas, etc. While the toxic effects of TCDD have been extensively studied, effective approaches to their treatment are still lacking. Retinoids are commonly used in therapy of acneiform skin diseases. In vitro, retinoids elicit antagonistic effects on keratinocyte differentiation and proliferation, as compared to TCDD, suggesting their potential in treatment of TCDD-induced skin lesions. Nevertheless, the modulation of TCDD activity in skin by retinoids in vivo was never reported. We have used N-TERT keratinocyte cell line and hairless (hr) mice to determine if retinoic acid (RA) can lessen or reverse TCDD-induced effects in vitro and in vivo. RA co-treatment suppressed TCDD-induced changes in the expression of differentiation-associated genes and N-TERT keratinocyte viability in vitro. However, in hairless mice (in vivo), RA/TCDD co-treatment produced more severe effects, than treatment with either of the two compounds individually. RA/TCDD co-application to mouse skin strongly stimulated keratinocyte proliferation, resulting in dramatic epidermal hyperplasia. It has also led to massive immune cell infiltration into the dermis, and increased mRNA expression of inflammation markers, including IL1β, IL6 and S100A7. Thus, retinoids not only appeared ineffective in treatment of TCDD-induced skin lesions in hairless mice, but also resulted in their exaggeration. These in vivo results question previous cell culture-based claims that RA may reduce TCDD-induced skin effects and caution against the reliance on in vitro data in TCDD toxicology research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav G Rudyak
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Lev A Usakin
- NRC Kurchatov Institute, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | | | | | - Natalya N Belushkina
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Ralf Paus
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Mikhail A Paltsev
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
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Alaskhar Alhamwe B, Khalaila R, Wolf J, von Bülow V, Harb H, Alhamdan F, Hii CS, Prescott SL, Ferrante A, Renz H, Garn H, Potaczek DP. Histone modifications and their role in epigenetics of atopy and allergic diseases. ALLERGY, ASTHMA, AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CANADIAN SOCIETY OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 14:39. [PMID: 29796022 PMCID: PMC5966915 DOI: 10.1186/s13223-018-0259-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This review covers basic aspects of histone modification and the role of posttranslational histone modifications in the development of allergic diseases, including the immune mechanisms underlying this development. Together with DNA methylation, histone modifications (including histone acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, ubiquitination, etc.) represent the classical epigenetic mechanisms. However, much less attention has been given to histone modifications than to DNA methylation in the context of allergy. A systematic review of the literature was undertaken to provide an unbiased and comprehensive update on the involvement of histone modifications in allergy and the mechanisms underlying this development. In addition to covering the growing interest in the contribution of histone modifications in regulating the development of allergic diseases, this review summarizes some of the evidence supporting this contribution. There are at least two levels at which the role of histone modifications is manifested. One is the regulation of cells that contribute to the allergic inflammation (T cells and macrophages) and those that participate in airway remodeling [(myo-) fibroblasts]. The other is the direct association between histone modifications and allergic phenotypes. Inhibitors of histone-modifying enzymes may potentially be used as anti-allergic drugs. Furthermore, epigenetic patterns may provide novel tools in the diagnosis of allergic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilal Alaskhar Alhamwe
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Molecular Diagnostics, Philipps University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 3, 35043 Marburg, Germany
- inVIVO Planetary Health, Group of the Worldwide Universities Network (WUN), New York, NJ USA
| | - Razi Khalaila
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Molecular Diagnostics, Philipps University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 3, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Johanna Wolf
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Molecular Diagnostics, Philipps University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 3, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Verena von Bülow
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Molecular Diagnostics, Philipps University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 3, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Hani Harb
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Molecular Diagnostics, Philipps University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 3, 35043 Marburg, Germany
- inVIVO Planetary Health, Group of the Worldwide Universities Network (WUN), New York, NJ USA
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Gießen, Germany
- Present Address: Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Fahd Alhamdan
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Molecular Diagnostics, Philipps University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 3, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Charles S. Hii
- Department of Immunopathology, SA Pathology, Women and Children’s Hospital Campus, North Adelaide, SA Australia
- Robinson Research Institute, School of Medicine and School of Biological Science, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA Australia
| | - Susan L. Prescott
- inVIVO Planetary Health, Group of the Worldwide Universities Network (WUN), New York, NJ USA
- School of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA Australia
| | - Antonio Ferrante
- inVIVO Planetary Health, Group of the Worldwide Universities Network (WUN), New York, NJ USA
- Department of Immunopathology, SA Pathology, Women and Children’s Hospital Campus, North Adelaide, SA Australia
- Robinson Research Institute, School of Medicine and School of Biological Science, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA Australia
| | - Harald Renz
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Molecular Diagnostics, Philipps University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 3, 35043 Marburg, Germany
- inVIVO Planetary Health, Group of the Worldwide Universities Network (WUN), New York, NJ USA
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Gießen, Germany
| | - Holger Garn
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Molecular Diagnostics, Philipps University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 3, 35043 Marburg, Germany
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Gießen, Germany
| | - Daniel P. Potaczek
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Molecular Diagnostics, Philipps University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 3, 35043 Marburg, Germany
- inVIVO Planetary Health, Group of the Worldwide Universities Network (WUN), New York, NJ USA
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Gießen, Germany
- John Paul II Hospital, Krakow, Poland
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13
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Tan SP, Brown SB, Griffiths CE, Weller RB, Gibbs NK. Feeding filaggrin: effects of l-histidine supplementation in atopic dermatitis. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2017; 10:403-411. [PMID: 29042806 PMCID: PMC5634381 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s146760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD), also known as eczema, is one of the most common chronic skin conditions worldwide, affecting up to 16% of children and 10% of adults. It is incurable and has significant psychosocial and economic impacts on the affected individuals. AD etiology has been linked to deficiencies in the skin barrier protein, filaggrin. In mammalian skin, l-histidine is rapidly incorporated into filaggrin. Subsequent filaggrin proteolysis releases l-histidine as an important natural moisturizing factor (NMF). In vitro studies were conducted to investigate the influence of l-histidine on filaggrin processing and barrier function in human skin-equivalent models. Our further aim was to examine the effects of daily oral l-histidine supplementation on disease severity in adult AD patients. We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover, nutritional supplementation pilot study to explore the effects of oral l-histidine in adult AD patients (n=24). In vitro studies demonstrated that l-histidine significantly increased both filaggrin formation and skin barrier function (P<0.01, respectively). Data from the clinical study indicated that once daily oral l-histidine significantly reduced (P<0.003) AD disease severity by 34% (physician assessment using the SCORingAD tool) and 39% (patient self-assessment using the Patient Oriented Eczema Measure tool) after 4 weeks of treatment. No improvement was noted with the placebo (P>0.32). The clinical effect of oral l-histidine in AD was similar to that of mid-potency topical corticosteroids and combined with its safety profile suggests that it may be a safe, nonsteroidal approach suitable for long-term use in skin conditions that are associated with filaggrin deficits such as AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siao Pei Tan
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research.,Department of Dermatology, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh
| | - Simon B Brown
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research.,Department of Dermatology, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh
| | - Christopher Em Griffiths
- Dermatology Centre, Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, University of Manchester, Manchester
| | - Richard B Weller
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research.,Department of Dermatology, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh
| | - Neil K Gibbs
- Dermatology Centre, Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, University of Manchester, Manchester.,Curapel, Life Sciences Hub Wales, Cardiff, UK
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14
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Smits JPH, Niehues H, Rikken G, van Vlijmen-Willems IMJJ, van de Zande GWHJF, Zeeuwen PLJM, Schalkwijk J, van den Bogaard EH. Immortalized N/TERT keratinocytes as an alternative cell source in 3D human epidermal models. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11838. [PMID: 28928444 PMCID: PMC5605545 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12041-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The strong societal urge to reduce the use of experimental animals, and the biological differences between rodent and human skin, have led to the development of alternative models for healthy and diseased human skin. However, the limited availability of primary keratinocytes to generate such models hampers large-scale implementation of skin models in biomedical, toxicological, and pharmaceutical research. Immortalized cell lines may overcome these issues, however, few immortalized human keratinocyte cell lines are available and most do not form a fully stratified epithelium. In this study we compared two immortalized keratinocyte cell lines (N/TERT1, N/TERT2G) to human primary keratinocytes based on epidermal differentiation, response to inflammatory mediators, and the development of normal and inflammatory human epidermal equivalents (HEEs). Stratum corneum permeability, epidermal morphology, and expression of epidermal differentiation and host defence genes and proteins in N/TERT-HEE cultures was similar to that of primary human keratinocytes. We successfully generated N/TERT-HEEs with psoriasis or atopic dermatitis features and validated these models for drug-screening purposes. We conclude that the N/TERT keratinocyte cell lines are useful substitutes for primary human keratinocytes thereby providing a biologically relevant, unlimited cell source for in vitro studies on epidermal biology, inflammatory skin disease pathogenesis and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jos P H Smits
- Department of Dermatology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center (Radboudumc), PO BOX 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Hanna Niehues
- Department of Dermatology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center (Radboudumc), PO BOX 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Gijs Rikken
- Department of Dermatology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center (Radboudumc), PO BOX 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ivonne M J J van Vlijmen-Willems
- Department of Dermatology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center (Radboudumc), PO BOX 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Guillaume W H J F van de Zande
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center (Radboudumc), PO BOX 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick L J M Zeeuwen
- Department of Dermatology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center (Radboudumc), PO BOX 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Joost Schalkwijk
- Department of Dermatology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center (Radboudumc), PO BOX 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ellen H van den Bogaard
- Department of Dermatology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center (Radboudumc), PO BOX 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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15
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Choudhary V, Olala LO, Kagha K, Pan ZQ, Chen X, Yang R, Cline A, Helwa I, Marshall L, Kaddour-Djebbar I, McGee-Lawrence ME, Bollag WB. Regulation of the Glycerol Transporter, Aquaporin-3, by Histone Deacetylase-3 and p53 in Keratinocytes. J Invest Dermatol 2017; 137:1935-1944. [PMID: 28526298 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2017.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2016] [Revised: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Aquaporin- (AQP) 3, a water and glycerol channel, plays an important role in epidermal function, with studies showing its involvement in keratinocyte proliferation, differentiation, and migration and in epidermal wound healing and barrier repair. Increasing speculation about the use of histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors to treat skin diseases led us to investigate HDAC's role in the regulation of AQP3. The broad-spectrum HDAC inhibitor suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid induced AQP3 mRNA and protein expression in a dose- and time-dependent manner in normal keratinocytes. The SAHA-induced increase in AQP3 levels resulted in enhanced [3H]glycerol uptake in normal but not in AQP3-knockout keratinocytes, confirming that the expressed AQP3 was functional. Use of HDAC inhibitors with different specificities limited our exploration of the responsible HDAC member to HDAC1, HDAC2, or HDAC3. Cre-recombinase-mediated knockdown and overexpression of HDAC3 suggested a role for HDAC3 in suppressing AQP3 expression basally. Further investigation implicated p53 as a transcription factor involved in regulating HDAC inhibitor-induced AQP3 expression. Thus, our study supports the regulation of AQP3 expression by HDAC3 and p53. Because suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid is already approved to treat cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, it could potentially be used as a therapy for skin diseases like psoriasis, where AQP3 is abnormally expressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Choudhary
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia, USA; Department of Physiology, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA; Department of Medicine (Dermatology), Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA.
| | - Lawrence O Olala
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia, USA; Department of Physiology, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Karen Kagha
- Department of Physiology, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Zhi-Qiang Pan
- Department of Physiology, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA; School of Basic Medical Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xunsheng Chen
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia, USA; Department of Physiology, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Rong Yang
- Department of Physiology, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA; Department of Physiology, Medical School, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Abigail Cline
- Department of Physiology, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Inas Helwa
- Department of Physiology, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA; Department of Oral Biology, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Lauren Marshall
- Department of Physiology, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Ismail Kaddour-Djebbar
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia, USA; Department of Physiology, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | | | - Wendy B Bollag
- Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia, USA; Department of Physiology, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA; Department of Medicine (Dermatology), Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA; Department of Oral Biology, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
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16
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Sharp JA, Brennan AJ, Polekhina G, Ascher DB, Lefevre C, Nicholas KR. Dimeric but not monomeric α-lactalbumin potentiates apoptosis by up regulation of ATF3 and reduction of histone deacetylase activity in primary and immortalised cells. Cell Signal 2017; 33:86-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2017.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Revised: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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17
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Stoll SW, Stuart PE, Lambert S, Gandarillas A, Rittié L, Johnston A, Elder JT. Membrane-Tethered Intracellular Domain of Amphiregulin Promotes Keratinocyte Proliferation. J Invest Dermatol 2016; 136:444-452. [PMID: 26802239 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2015.10.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Revised: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and its ligands are essential regulators of epithelial biology, which are often amplified in cancer cells. We have previously shown that shRNA-mediated silencing of one of these ligands, amphiregulin (AREG), results in keratinocyte growth arrest that cannot be rescued by soluble extracellular EGFR ligands. To further explore the functional importance of specific AREG domains, we stably transduced keratinocytes expressing tetracycline-inducible AREG-targeted shRNA with lentiviruses expressing silencing-proof, membrane-tethered AREG cytoplasmic and extracellular domains (AREG-CTD and AREG-ECD), as well as full-length AREG precursor (proAREG). Here we show that growth arrest of AREG-silenced keratinocytes occurs in G2/M and is significantly restored by proAREG and AREG-CTD but not by AREG-ECD. Moreover, the AREG-CTD was sufficient to normalize cell cycle distribution profiles and expression of mitosis-related genes. Our findings uncover an important role of the AREG-CTD in regulating cell division, which may be relevant to tumor resistance to EGFR-directed therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan W Stoll
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
| | - Philip E Stuart
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Sylviane Lambert
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Alberto Gandarillas
- Cell Cycle, Stem Cells and Cancer Lab, Instituto de Investigación Marques de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), Santander, Spain
| | - Laure Rittié
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Andrew Johnston
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - James T Elder
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA; Ann Arbor Veterans Affairs Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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18
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Hong CH, Lee CH, Yu HS, Huang SK. Benzopyrene, a major polyaromatic hydrocarbon in smoke fume, mobilizes Langerhans cells and polarizes Th2/17 responses in epicutaneous protein sensitization through the aryl hydrocarbon receptor. Int Immunopharmacol 2016; 36:111-117. [PMID: 27129092 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2016.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Revised: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common disease with genetic and environmental interactions. We previously reported lifetime exposure to cigarette smoke is associated with adult-onset AD. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is important in regulating environmental exposure to xenobiotics, including benzopyrenes (BP), a major polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) present in cigarette smoke. However, how AhR regulates immune responses in sensitization phase of AD remained elusive. METHODS We investigated how BP affects epicutaneous sensitization response through AhR axis. We compared AhR expression in skin from AD patients and healthy controls. We measured immune responses (Langerhans cell migration and T cell polarization in epicutaneous Ova sensitization in mice with or without AhR defect. RESULTS We found AhR and ARNT (AhR nuclear translocator) are upregulated in AD skin. BP exposure increases Langerhans cell migration, and increases IL-5, IL-13, and IL-17 levels when lymph node cells were re-challenged with Ova. The increased cytokine levels were attenuated in AhR defected mice. AhR agonists (BP and ITE) decreased E-cadherin expression, while AhR antagonist (CH223191) increased it in human primary keratinocytes. CONCLUSIONS These results suggested AhR interacts with BP to polarize T cell responses, along with Langerhans cell migration. This study revealed a regulatory mechanism how cigarette smoking affects atopic sensitization through the benzopyrene-AhR interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Hui Hong
- Department of Dermatology, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Dermatology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hung Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Kaohsiung, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Dermatology, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Su Yu
- Department of Dermatology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; National Health Research Institute, Miao-Li, Taiwan
| | - Shau-Ku Huang
- National Health Research Institute, Miao-Li, Taiwan.
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19
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Stoll SW, Stuart PE, Swindell WR, Tsoi LC, Li B, Gandarillas A, Lambert S, Johnston A, Nair RP, Elder JT. The EGF receptor ligand amphiregulin controls cell division via FoxM1. Oncogene 2016; 35:2075-86. [PMID: 26234682 PMCID: PMC4788585 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2014] [Revised: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is central to epithelial cell physiology, and deregulated EGFR signaling has an important role in a variety of human carcinomas. Here we show that silencing of the EGF-related factor amphiregulin (AREG) markedly inhibits the expansion of human keratinocytes through mitotic failure and accumulation of cells with ⩾ 4n DNA content. RNA-sequencing-based transcriptome analysis revealed that tetracycline-mediated AREG silencing significantly altered the expression of 2331 genes, 623 of which were not normalized by treatment with EGF. Interestingly, genes irreversibly upregulated by suppression of AREG overlapped with genes involved in keratinocyte differentiation. Moreover, a significant proportion of the irreversibly downregulated genes featured upstream binding sites recognized by forkhead box protein M1 (FoxM1), a key transcription factor in the control of mitosis that is widely dysregulated in cancer. The downregulation of FoxM1 and its target genes preceded mitotic arrest. Constitutive expression of FoxM1 in AREG knockdown cells normalized cell proliferation, reduced the number of cells with ⩾ 4n DNA content and rescued expression of FoxM1 target genes. These results demonstrate that AREG controls G2/M progression and cytokinesis in keratinocytes via activation of a FoxM1-dependent transcriptional program, suggesting new avenues for treatment of epithelial cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan W. Stoll
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Philip E. Stuart
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | | | - Lam C. Tsoi
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Bingshan Li
- Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Alberto Gandarillas
- Cell Cycle, Stem Cells and Cancer Lab, Instituto de Investigación Marques de Valdecilla-IDIVAL), Santander, Spain
| | - Sylviane Lambert
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Andrew Johnston
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Rajan P. Nair
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - James T. Elder
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
- Ann Arbor Veterans Affairs Health System, Ann Arbor, MI
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20
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Abhishek S, Palamadai Krishnan S. Epidermal Differentiation Complex: A Review on Its Epigenetic Regulation and Potential Drug Targets. CELL JOURNAL 2016; 18:1-6. [PMID: 27054112 PMCID: PMC4819378 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2016.3980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The primary feature of the mammalian skin includes the hair follicle, inter-follicular epidermis and the sebaceous glands, all of which form pilo-sebaceous units. The epidermal
protective layer undergoes an ordered/programmed process of proliferation and differentiation, ultimately culminating in the formation of a cornified envelope consisting of enucleated corneocytes. These terminally differentiated cells slough off in a cyclic manner and
this process is regulated via induction or repression of epidermal differentiation complex
(EDC) genes. These genes, spanning 2 Mb region of human chromosome 1q21, play a
crucial role in epidermal development, through various mechanisms. Each of these mechanisms employs a unique chromatin re-modelling factor or an epigenetic modifier. These
factors act to regulate epidermal differentiation singly and/or in combination. Diseases like
psoriasis and cancer exhibit aberrations in proliferation and differentiation through, in part,
dysregulation in these epigenetic mechanisms. Knowledge of the existing mechanisms
in the physiological and the aforesaid pathological contexts may not only facilitate drug
development, it also can make refinements to the existing drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinha Abhishek
- School of Bio-Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
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21
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Kim H, Kim Y, Goh H, Jeoung D. Histone Deacetylase-3/CAGE Axis Targets EGFR Signaling and Regulates the Response to Anti-Cancer Drugs. Mol Cells 2016; 39:229-41. [PMID: 26883907 PMCID: PMC4794605 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2016.2244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Revised: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously reported the role of miR-326-HDAC3 loop in anti-cancer drug-resistance. CAGE, a cancer/testis antigen, regulates the response to anti-cancer drug-resistance by forming a negative feedback loop with miR-200b. Studies investigating the relationship between CAGE and HDAC3 revealed that HDAC3 negatively regulated the expression of CAGE. ChIP assays demonstrated the binding of HDAC3 to the promoter sequences of CAGE. However, CAGE did not affect the expression of HDAC3. We also found that EGFR signaling regulated the expressions of HDAC3 and CAGE. Anti-cancer drug-resistant cancer cell lines show an increased expression of pEGFR(Y845). HDAC3 was found to negatively regulate the expression of pEGFR(Y845). CAGE showed an interaction and co-localization with EGFR. It was seen that miR-326, a negative regulator of HDAC3, regulated the expression of CAGE, pEGFR(Y845), and the interaction between CAGE and EGFR. miR-326 inhibitor induced the binding of HDAC3 to the promoter sequences in anti-cancer drug-resistant Malme3M(R) cells, decreasing the tumorigenic potential of Malme3M(R) cells in a manner associated with its effect on the expression of HDAC3, CAGE and pEGFR(Y845). The down-regulation of HDAC3 enhanced the tumorigenic, angiogenic and invasion potential of the anti-cancer drug-sensitive Malme3M cells in CAGE-dependent manner. Studies revealed that PKCδ was responsible for the increased expression of pEGFR(Y845) and CAGE in Malme3M(R) cells. CAGE showed an interaction with PKCδ in Malme3M(R) cells. Our results show that HDAC3-CAGE axis can be employed as a target for overcoming resistance to EGFR inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyuna Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chunchon 200-701,
Korea
| | - Youngmi Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chunchon 200-701,
Korea
| | - Hyeonjung Goh
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chunchon 200-701,
Korea
| | - Dooil Jeoung
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chunchon 200-701,
Korea
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22
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Bao L, Zhang H, Mohan GC, Shen K, Chan LS. Differential expression of inflammation-related genes in IL-4 transgenic mice before and after the onset of atopic dermatitis skin lesions. Mol Cell Probes 2015; 30:30-8. [PMID: 26585782 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2015.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Revised: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
IL-4 plays an important role in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis (AD), a common chronic inflammatory skin disease. We have generated IL-4 transgenic (Tg) mice by over-expressing IL-4 in the epidermis. These mice spontaneously develop chronic pruritic inflammatory skin lesions, which meet the clinical and histological diagnostic criteria for human AD. Systemic survey of immune-related genes in this mouse model, however, has not been performed. In this study, we utilize PCR array technique to examine hundreds of inflammation-related genes in the IL-4 Tg mice before and after the onset of skin lesions as well as in their wild type (WT) littermates. Only those genes with at least 2-fold up-regulation or down-regulation and with a P-value of less than 0.05 in comparison to WT controls were identified and analyzed. In the skin lesions, many chemokines, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and other AD-related factors are dysregulated compared to the wild type mice. Particularly, CXCL5, IL-1β, IL-24, IL-6, oncostatin M, PTGS2, FPR1 and REG3γ are up-regulated several hundred-fold. In the pre-lesional group that shows no obvious skin abnormality on clinical observation, 30 dysregulated genes are nevertheless identified though the fold changes are much less than that of the lesional group, including CCL6, CCL8, CCL11, CCL17, CXCL13, CXCL14, CXCR3 and IL-12Rβ2. Finally using ELISA, we demonstrate that 4 most dramatically up-regulated factors in the skin are also elevated in the peripheral blood of the IL-4 Tg mice. Taken together, our data have identified hundreds of dysregulated factors in the IL-4 Tg mice before and after the onset of skin lesions. Future detailed examination of these factors will shed light on our understanding of the development and progression of AD and help to discover important biomarkers for clinical AD diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Bao
- Department of Dermatology, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Huayi Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Girish C Mohan
- Department of Dermatology, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kui Shen
- Department of Dermatology, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lawrence S Chan
- Department of Dermatology, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Microbiology/Immunology, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA; Medical Service, Jesse Brown VA Med Center, Chicago, IL, USA.
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23
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Liu ZH, Li J, Xia J, Jiang R, Zuo GW, Li XP, Chen Y, Xiong W, Chen DL. Ginsenoside 20(s)-Rh2 as potent natural histone deacetylase inhibitors suppressing the growth of human leukemia cells. Chem Biol Interact 2015; 242:227-34. [PMID: 26482938 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2015.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Revised: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Activation and abnormal expression of histone deacetylase (HDAC) which is important target for cancer therapeutics are related to the occurrence of human leukemia. 20(s)-Ginsenoside Rh2 (20(s)-Rh2) may be a potential HDAC inhibitor (HDACi) of leukemia, but the mechanism has not been reported. METHODS The cell proliferation and apoptosis was assessed in cultured K562 and KG-1α cells. The protein expression was measured with immunoblotting. The activities of HDAC and histone acetyltransferase (HAT) were measured with BCA. In vivo experiments were performed on naked mice carrying K562 cells for assessment of tumor growth, apoptosis, protein expression, and HDAC/HAT activities. RESULTS 20(s)-Rh2 effectively induced cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase and apoptosis in K562 and KG1-α cells, decreased the levels of proteins associated with cell proliferation (Cyclin D1, Bcl-2, ERK, p-ERK) and activated pro-apoptotic proteins (Bax, cleaved Caspase-3, p38, p-p38, JNK, p-JNK). 20(s)-Rh2 down-regulated HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC6, increased histone H3 acetylation and HAT activity. Moreover, 20(s)-Rh2 inhibited the growth of human leukemia xenograft tumors in vivo. CONCLUSION 20(s)-Rh2 inhibited the proliferation of K562 and KG1-α cell by reducing the expression and activity of HDACs, increasing histone acetylation, and regulating key proteins in the downstream signaling pathways. Therefore, 20(s)-Rh2 could become a potential natural HDACi for chemotherapy of leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Hong Liu
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Jing Li
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Jing Xia
- Department of Human Anatomy, Chongqing Medical and Health School, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Rong Jiang
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Guo-Wei Zuo
- Key Laboratories of Clinical Diagnostics, Province and Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xiao-Peng Li
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Di-Long Chen
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
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Ming M, Zhao B, Shea CR, Shah P, Qiang L, White SR, Sims DM, He YY. Loss of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) disrupts skin barrier integrity and sensitizes mice to epicutaneous allergen challenge. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2015; 135:936-945.e4. [PMID: 25445829 PMCID: PMC4388755 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2014.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Revised: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skin barrier integrity requires a highly coordinated molecular system involving the structural protein filaggrin (FLG). Mutational loss of the skin barrier protein FLG predisposes subjects to the development of atopic dermatitis (AD). OBJECTIVE We sought to determine the role of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) in skin barrier function, FLG expression, and development of AD. METHODS Skin histology of mice with skin-specific SIRT1 deletion and wild-type control animals was examined by using hematoxylin and eosin staining. Protein and mRNA abundance was analyzed by means of immunoblotting, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, and RT-PCR. Serum antibody levels were assessed by means of ELISA. RESULTS Here we show that FLG is regulated by the protein deacetylase SIRT1 and that SIRT1 is critical for skin barrier integrity. Epidermis-specific SIRT1 ablation causes AD-like skin lesions in mice, and mice with epidermal SIRT1 deletion are sensitive to percutaneous challenge by the protein allergen ovalbumin. In normal human keratinocytes and mouse skin SIRT1 knockdown or genetic deletion downregulates FLG, and regulation of FLG expression by SIRT1 requires the deacetylase activity of SIRT1. SIRT1 also promotes activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor, and the aryl hydrocarbon receptor ligand restores FLG expression in SIRT1-inhibited cells. Compared with normal human skin, SIRT1 is downregulated in both AD and non-AD lesions. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrate a critical role of SIRT1 in skin barrier maintenance, open up new opportunities to use SIRT1 as a pharmacologic target, and might facilitate the development of mechanism-based agents for AD prevention and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Ming
- Department of Medicine, Section of Dermatology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Ill
| | - Baozhong Zhao
- Department of Medicine, Section of Dermatology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Ill
| | - Christopher R Shea
- Department of Medicine, Section of Dermatology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Ill
| | - Palak Shah
- Department of Medicine, Section of Dermatology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Ill
| | - Lei Qiang
- Department of Medicine, Section of Dermatology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Ill
| | - Steven R White
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary/Critical Care, University of Chicago, Chicago, Ill
| | - Diane M Sims
- Department of Medicine, Section of Dermatology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Ill
| | - Yu-Ying He
- Department of Medicine, Section of Dermatology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Ill.
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Genetic and pharmacological analysis identifies a physiological role for the AHR in epidermal differentiation. J Invest Dermatol 2015; 135:1320-1328. [PMID: 25602157 PMCID: PMC4402116 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2015.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Revised: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Stimulation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) by xenobiotics is known to affect epidermal differentiation and skin barrier formation. The physiological role of endogenous AHR signaling in keratinocyte differentiation is not known. We used murine and human skin models to address the hypothesis that AHR activation is required for normal keratinocyte differentiation. Using transcriptome analysis of Ahr(-/-) and Ahr(+/+) murine keratinocytes, we found significant enrichment of differentially expressed genes linked to epidermal differentiation. Primary Ahr(-/-) keratinocytes showed a significant reduction in terminal differentiation gene and protein expression, similar to Ahr(+/+) keratinocytes treated with AHR antagonists GNF351 and CH223191, or the selective AHR modulator (SAhRM) SGA360. In vitro keratinocyte differentiation led to increased AHR levels and subsequent nuclear translocation, followed by induced CYP1A1 gene expression. Monolayer cultured primary human keratinocytes treated with AHR antagonists also showed an impaired terminal differentiation program. Inactivation of AHR activity during human skin equivalent development severely impaired epidermal stratification, terminal differentiation protein expression, and stratum corneum formation. As disturbed epidermal differentiation is a main feature of many skin diseases, pharmacological agents targeting AHR signaling or future identification of endogenous keratinocyte-derived AHR ligands should be considered as potential new drugs in dermatology.
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WANG XING, JIANG LI. Effects of ornithine decarboxylase antizyme 1 on the proliferation and differentiation of human oral cancer cells. Int J Mol Med 2014; 34:1606-12. [DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2014.1961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Wu Z, Uchi H, Morino-Koga S, Shi W, Furue M. Resveratrol inhibition of human keratinocyte proliferation via SIRT1/ARNT/ERK dependent downregulation of aquaporin 3. J Dermatol Sci 2014; 75:16-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2014.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Revised: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Abstract
The epidermis functions as a physical barrier to the external environment and works to prevent loss of water from the skin. Numerous factors have been implicated in the formation of epidermal barriers, such as cornified envelopes, corneocytes, lipids, junctional proteins, proteases, protease inhibitors, antimicrobial peptides, and transcription factors. This review illustrates human diseases (ichthyoses) and animal models in which the epidermal barrier is disrupted or dysfunctional at steady state owing to ablation of one or more of the above factors. These diseases and animal models help us to understand the complicated mechanisms of epidermal barrier formation and give further insights on epidermal development.
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Winter M, Moser MA, Meunier D, Fischer C, Machat G, Mattes K, Lichtenberger BM, Brunmeir R, Weissmann S, Murko C, Humer C, Meischel T, Brosch G, Matthias P, Sibilia M, Seiser C. Divergent roles of HDAC1 and HDAC2 in the regulation of epidermal development and tumorigenesis. EMBO J 2013; 32:3176-91. [PMID: 24240174 PMCID: PMC3981143 DOI: 10.1038/emboj.2013.243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The histone deacetylases HDAC1 and HDAC2 remove acetyl moieties from lysine residues of histones and other proteins and are important regulators of gene expression. By deleting different combinations of Hdac1 and Hdac2 alleles in the epidermis, we reveal a dosage-dependent effect of HDAC1/HDAC2 activity on epidermal proliferation and differentiation. Conditional ablation of either HDAC1 or HDAC2 in the epidermis leads to no obvious phenotype due to compensation by the upregulated paralogue. Strikingly, deletion of a single Hdac2 allele in HDAC1 knockout mice results in severe epidermal defects, including alopecia, hyperkeratosis, hyperproliferation and spontaneous tumour formation. These mice display impaired Sin3A co-repressor complex function, increased levels of c-Myc protein, p53 expression and apoptosis in hair follicles (HFs) and misregulation of HF bulge stem cells. Surprisingly, ablation of HDAC1 but not HDAC2 in a skin tumour model leads to accelerated tumour development. Our data reveal a crucial function of HDAC1/HDAC2 in the control of lineage specificity and a novel role of HDAC1 as a tumour suppressor in the epidermis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mircea Winter
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Vienna Biocenter, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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First International Symposium "Epigenetic Control of Skin Development and Regeneration": how chromatin regulators orchestrate skin functions. J Invest Dermatol 2013; 133:1918-21. [PMID: 23856928 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2013.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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32
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EGFR-ras-raf signaling in epidermal stem cells: roles in hair follicle development, regeneration, tissue remodeling and epidermal cancers. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:19361-84. [PMID: 24071938 PMCID: PMC3821561 DOI: 10.3390/ijms141019361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2013] [Revised: 09/12/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian skin is the largest organ of the body and its outermost layer, the epidermis, undergoes dynamic lifetime renewal through the activity of somatic stem cell populations. The EGFR-Ras-Raf pathway has a well-described role in skin development and tumor formation. While research mainly focuses on its role in cutaneous tumor initiation and maintenance, much less is known about Ras signaling in the epidermal stem cells, which are the main targets of skin carcinogenesis. In this review, we briefly discuss the properties of the epidermal stem cells and review the role of EGFR-Ras-Raf signaling in keratinocyte stem cells during homeostatic and pathological conditions.
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Epidermal stem cells and their epigenetic regulation. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:17861-80. [PMID: 23999591 PMCID: PMC3794757 DOI: 10.3390/ijms140917861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Revised: 08/06/2013] [Accepted: 08/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells play an essential role in embryonic development, cell differentiation and tissue regeneration. Tissue homeostasis in adults is maintained by adult stem cells resident in the niches of different tissues. As one kind of adult stem cell, epidermal stem cells have the potential to generate diversified types of progeny cells in the skin. Although its biology is still largely unclarified, epidermal stem cells are widely used in stem cell research and regenerative medicine given its easy accessibility and pluripotency. Despite the same genome, cells within an organism have different fates due to the epigenetic regulation of gene expression. In this review, we will briefly discuss the current understanding of epigenetic modulation in epidermal stem cells.
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Ha GH, Kim JL, Breuer EKY. TACC3 is essential for EGF-mediated EMT in cervical cancer. PLoS One 2013; 8:e70353. [PMID: 23936413 PMCID: PMC3731346 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0070353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2013] [Accepted: 06/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The third member of transforming acidic coiled-coil protein (TACC) family, TACC3, has been shown to be an important player in the regulation of centrosome/microtubule dynamics during mitosis and found to be deregulated in a variety of human malignancies. Our previous studies have suggested that TACC3 may be involved in cervical cancer progression and chemoresistance, and its overexpression can induce epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) by activating the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt and extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases (ERKs) signal transduction pathways. However, the upstream mechanisms of TACC3-mediated EMT and its functional/clinical importance in human cervical cancer remain elusive. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) has been shown to be a potent inducer of EMT in cervical cancer and associated with tumor invasion and metastasis. In this study, we found that TACC3 is overexpressed in cervical cancer and can be induced upon EGF stimulation. The induction of TACC3 by EGF is dependent on the tyrosine kinase activity of the EGF receptor (EGFR). Intriguingly, depletion of TACC3 abolishes EGF-mediated EMT, suggesting that TACC3 is required for EGF/EGFR-driven EMT process. Moreover, Snail, a key player in EGF-mediated EMT, is found to be correlated with the expression of TACC3 in cervical cancer. Collectively, our study highlights a novel function for TACC3 in EGF-mediated EMT process and suggests that targeting of TACC3 may be an attractive strategy to treat cervical cancers driven by EGF/EGFR signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geun-Hyoung Ha
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Jung-Lye Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Eun-Kyoung Yim Breuer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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van den Bogaard EH, Bergboer JGM, Vonk-Bergers M, van Vlijmen-Willems IMJJ, Hato SV, van der Valk PGM, Schröder JM, Joosten I, Zeeuwen PLJM, Schalkwijk J. Coal tar induces AHR-dependent skin barrier repair in atopic dermatitis. J Clin Invest 2013; 123:917-27. [PMID: 23348739 DOI: 10.1172/jci65642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2012] [Accepted: 10/18/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Topical application of coal tar is one of the oldest therapies for atopic dermatitis (AD), a T helper 2 (Th2) lymphocyte-mediated skin disease associated with loss-of-function mutations in the skin barrier gene, filaggrin (FLG). Despite its longstanding clinical use and efficacy, the molecular mechanism of coal tar therapy is unknown. Using organotypic skin models with primary keratinocytes from AD patients and controls, we found that coal tar activated the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), resulting in induction of epidermal differentiation. AHR knockdown by siRNA completely abrogated this effect. Coal tar restored filaggrin expression in FLG-haploinsufficient keratinocytes to wild-type levels, and counteracted Th2 cytokine-mediated downregulation of skin barrier proteins. In AD patients, coal tar completely restored expression of major skin barrier proteins, including filaggrin. Using organotypic skin models stimulated with Th2 cytokines IL-4 and IL-13, we found coal tar to diminish spongiosis, apoptosis, and CCL26 expression, all AD hallmarks. Coal tar interfered with Th2 cytokine signaling via dephosphorylation of STAT6, most likely due to AHR-regulated activation of the NRF2 antioxidative stress pathway. The therapeutic effect of AHR activation herein described opens a new avenue to reconsider AHR as a pharmacological target and could lead to the development of mechanism-based drugs for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen H van den Bogaard
- Department of Dermatology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, P.O. Box 9101, Nijmegen 6500 HB, The Netherlands.
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Wu BL, Luo LW, Li CQ, Xie JJ, Du ZP, Wu JY, Zhang PX, Xu LY, Li EM. Comprehensive bioinformation analysis of the mRNA profile of fascin knockdown in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2013; 14:7221-7. [PMID: 24460279 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2013.14.12.7221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fascin, an actin-bundling protein forming actin bundles including filopodia and stress fibers, is overexpressed in multiple human epithelial cancers including esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Previously we conducted a microarray experiment to analyze fascin knockdown by RNAi in ESCC. METHOD In this study, the differentially expressed genes from mRNA expression profilomg of fascin knockdown were analyzed by multiple bioinformatics methods for a comprehensive understanding of the role of fascin. RESULTS Gene Ontology enrichment found terms associated with cytoskeleton organization, including cell adhesion, actin filament binding and actin cytoskeleton, which might be related to fascin function. Except GO categories, the differentially expressed genes were annotated by 45 functional categories from the Functional Annotation Chart of DAVID. Subpathway analysis showed thirty-nine pathways were disturbed by the differentially expressed genes, providing more detailed information than traditional pathway enrichment analysis. Two subpathways derivated from regulation of the actin cytoskeleton were shown. Promoter analysis results indicated distinguishing sequence patterns and transcription factors in response to the co-expression of downregulated or upregulated differentially expressed genes. MNB1A, c-ETS, GATA2 and Prrx2 potentially regulate the transcription of the downregulated gene set, while Arnt-Ahr, ZNF42, Ubx and TCF11-MafG might co-regulate the upregulated genes. CONCLUSIONS This multiple bioinformatic analysis helps provide a comprehensive understanding of the roles of fascin after its knockdown in ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing-Li Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Guangzhou, China E-mail : ,
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Botchkarev VA, Gdula MR, Mardaryev AN, Sharov AA, Fessing MY. Epigenetic regulation of gene expression in keratinocytes. J Invest Dermatol 2012; 132:2505-21. [PMID: 22763788 PMCID: PMC3650472 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2012.182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Nucleus is a complex and highly compartmentalized organelle, which organization undergoes major changes during cell differentiation allowing cells to become specialized and fulfill their functions.During terminal differentiation of the epidermal keratinocytes, nucleus undergoes programmed transformation from active status, associated with execution of the genetic programs of cornification and epidermal barrier formation, to fully inactive condition and becomes a part of the keratinized cells of the cornified layer. Tremendous progress achieved within the last two decades in understanding the biology of the nucleus and epigenetic mechanisms controlling gene expression allowed defining several levels in the regulation of cell differentiation-associated gene expression programs, including an accessibility of the gene regulatory regions to DNA-protein interactions, covalent DNA and histone modifications and ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling, as well as higher-order chromatin remodeling and nuclear compartmentalization of the genes and transcription machinery. Here, we integrate our current knowledge of the mechanisms controlling gene expression during terminal keratinocyte differentiation with distinct levels of chromatin organization and remodeling. We also propose the directions to further explore the role of epigenetic mechanisms and their interactions with other regulatory systems in the control of keratinocyte differentiation in normal and diseased skin.
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