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Lee SW, Kim HK, Naidansuren P, Ham KA, Choi HS, Ahn HY, Kim M, Kang DH, Kang SW, Joe YA. Peroxidasin is essential for endothelial cell survival and growth signaling by sulfilimine crosslink-dependent matrix assembly. FASEB J 2020; 34:10228-10241. [PMID: 32543734 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201902899r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Peroxidasin (PXDN) has been reported to crosslink the C-terminal non-collagenous domains of collagen IV (Col IV) by forming covalent sulfilimine bond. Here, we explored the physiological role of PXDN and its mechanism of action in endothelial cell survival and growth. Silencing of PXDN using siRNAs decreased cell proliferation without increase of the number of detached cells and decreased cell viability under serum-starved condition with increased fragmented nuclei and caspase 3/7 activity. Conditioned medium (CM) containing wild-type PXDN restored the proliferation of PXDN-depleted cells, but CM containing mutant PXDN with deletion of either N-terminal extracellular matrix (ECM) motifs or peroxidase domain failed to restore PXDN function. Accordingly, anti-PXDN antibody [raised against IgC2 (3-4) subdomain within ECM motifs] and peroxidase inhibitor phloroglucinol prevented the rescue of the PXDN-depleted cells by PXDN-containing CM. PXDN depletion resulted in loss of sulfilimine crosslinks, and decreased dense fibrillar network assembly of not only Col IV, but also fibronectin and laminin like in Col IV knockdown. Exogenous PXDN-containing CM restored ECM assembly as well as proliferation of PXDN-depleted cells. Accordingly, purified recombinant PXDN protein restored the proliferation and ECM assembly, and prevented cell death of the PXDN-depleted cells. PXDN depletion also showed reduced growth factors-induced phosphorylation of FAK and ERK1/2. In addition, siPXDN-transfected cell-derived matrix failed to provide full ECM-mediated activation of FAK and ERK1/2. These results indicate that both the ECM motifs and peroxidase activity are essential for the cellular function of PXDN and that PXDN is crucial for ECM assembly for survival and growth signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Woo Lee
- Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medical Life sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Cancer Evolution Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Kyung Kim
- Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medical Life sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Cancer Evolution Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Purevjargal Naidansuren
- Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medical Life sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Cancer Evolution Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung A Ham
- Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medical Life sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Cancer Evolution Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Seok Choi
- Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medical Life sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Cancer Evolution Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Young Ahn
- Department of Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Myungshin Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hoon Kang
- Department of Life Sciences and Research Center for Cell Homeostasis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Won Kang
- Department of Life Sciences and Research Center for Cell Homeostasis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ae Joe
- Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medical Life sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Cancer Evolution Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Wang ZZ, Sakiyama-Elbert SE. Matrices, scaffolds & carriers for cell delivery in nerve regeneration. Exp Neurol 2018; 319:112837. [PMID: 30291854 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2018.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Nerve injuries can be life-long debilitating traumas that severely impact patients' quality of life. While many acellular neural scaffolds have been developed to aid the process of nerve regeneration, complete functional recovery is still very difficult to achieve, especially for long-gap peripheral nerve injury and most cases of spinal cord injury. Cell-based therapies have shown many promising results for improving nerve regeneration. With recent advances in neural tissue engineering, the integration of biomaterial scaffolds and cell transplantation are emerging as a more promising approach to enhance nerve regeneration. This review provides an overview of important considerations for designing cell-carrier biomaterial scaffolds. It also discusses current biomaterials used for scaffolds that provide permissive and instructive microenvironments for improved cell transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze Zhong Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Austin at Texas, Austin, TX, USA
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Filla MS, Dimeo KD, Tong T, Peters DM. Disruption of fibronectin matrix affects type IV collagen, fibrillin and laminin deposition into extracellular matrix of human trabecular meshwork (HTM) cells. Exp Eye Res 2017; 165:7-19. [PMID: 28860021 PMCID: PMC5705399 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2017.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Revised: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/27/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Fibronectin fibrils are a major component of the extracellular matrix (ECM) of the trabecular meshwork (TM). They are a key mediator of the formation of the ECM which controls aqueous humor outflow and contributes to the pathogenesis of glaucoma. The purpose of this work was to determine if a fibronectin-binding peptide called FUD, derived from the Streptococcus pyogenes Functional Upstream Domain of the F1 adhesin protein, could be used to control fibronectin fibrillogenesis and hence ECM formation under conditions where its expression was induced by treatment with the glucocorticoid dexamethasone. FUD was very effective at preventing fibronectin fibrillogenesis in the presence or absence of steroid treatment as well as the removal of existing fibronectin fibrils. Disruption of fibronectin fibrillogenesis by FUD also disrupted the incorporation of type IV collagen, laminin and fibrillin into the ECM. The effect of FUD on these other protein matrices, however, was found to be dependent upon the maturity of the ECM when FUD was added. FUD effectively disrupted the incorporation of these other proteins into matrices when added to newly confluent cells that were forming a nascent ECM. In contrast, FUD had no effect on these other protein matrices if the cell cultures already possessed a pre-formed, mature ECM. Our studies indicate that FUD can be used to control fibronectin fibrillogenesis and that these fibrils play a role in regulating the assembly of other ECM protein into matrices involving type IV collagen, laminin, and fibrillin within the TM. This suggests that under in vivo conditions, FUD would selectively disrupt fibronectin fibrils and de novo assembly of other proteins into the ECM. Finally, our studies suggest that targeting fibronectin fibril assembly may be a viable treatment for POAG as well as other glaucomas involving excessive or abnormal matrix deposition of the ECM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark S Filla
- Departments of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, United States
| | - Kaylee D Dimeo
- Departments of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, United States
| | - Tiegang Tong
- Departments of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, United States
| | - Donna M Peters
- Departments of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, United States; Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, United States.
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Chen P, Cescon M, Bonaldo P. The Role of Collagens in Peripheral Nerve Myelination and Function. Mol Neurobiol 2014; 52:216-25. [PMID: 25143238 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-014-8862-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In the peripheral nervous system, myelin is formed by Schwann cells, which are surrounded by a basal lamina. Extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules in the basal lamina play an important role in regulating Schwann cell functions, including adhesion, survival, spreading, and myelination, as well as in supporting neurite outgrowth. Collagens are a major component of ECM molecules, which include 28 types that differ in structure and function. A growing body of evidence suggests that collagens are key components of peripheral nerves, where they not only provide a structural support but also affect cell behavior by triggering intracellular signals. In this review, we will summarize the main properties of collagen family, discuss the role of extensively studied collagen types (collagens IV, V, VI, and XV) in Schwann cell function and myelination, and provide a detailed overview of the recent advances with respect to these collagens in peripheral nerve function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiwen Chen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131, Padova, Italy,
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5
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Mailloux AW, Zhang L, Moscinski L, Bennett JM, Yang L, Yoder SJ, Bloom G, Wei C, Wei S, Sokol L, Loughran TP, Epling-Burnette PK. Fibrosis and subsequent cytopenias are associated with basic fibroblast growth factor-deficient pluripotent mesenchymal stromal cells in large granular lymphocyte leukemia. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 191:3578-93. [PMID: 24014875 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1203424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cytopenias occur frequently in systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, Felty's syndrome, and large granular lymphocyte (LGL) leukemia, but the bone marrow microenvironment has not been systematically studied. In LGL leukemia (n = 24), retrospective analysis of bone marrow (BM) histopathology revealed severe fibrosis in 15 of 24 patients (63%) in association with the presence of cytopenias, occurrence of autoimmune diseases, and splenomegaly, but was undetectable in control cases with B cell malignancies (n = 11). Fibrosis severity correlated with T cell LGL cell numbers in the BM, but not in the periphery, suggesting deregulation is limited to the BM microenvironment. To identify fibrosis-initiating populations, primary mesenchymal stromal cultures (MSCs) from patients were characterized and found to display proliferation kinetics and overabundant collagen deposition, but displayed normal telomere lengths and osteoblastogenic, chondrogenic, and adipogenic differentiation potentials. To determine the effect of fibrosis on healthy hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs), bioartificial matrixes from rat tail or purified human collagen were found to suppress HPC differentiation and proliferation. The ability of patient MSCs to support healthy HSC proliferation was significantly impaired, but could be rescued with collagenase pretreatment. Clustering analysis confirmed the undifferentiated state of patient MSCs, and pathway analysis revealed an inverse relationship between cell division and profibrotic ontologies associated with reduced basic fibroblast growth factor production, which was confirmed by ELISA. Reconstitution with exogenous basic fibroblast growth factor normalized patient MSC proliferation, collagen deposition, and HPC supportive function, suggesting LGL BM infiltration and secondary accumulation of MSC-derived collagen is responsible for hematopoietic failure in autoimmune-associated cytopenias in LGL leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam W Mailloux
- Immunology Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612
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Farach-Carson MC, Warren CR, Harrington DA, Carson DD. Border patrol: insights into the unique role of perlecan/heparan sulfate proteoglycan 2 at cell and tissue borders. Matrix Biol 2013; 34:64-79. [PMID: 24001398 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2013.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2013] [Revised: 08/16/2013] [Accepted: 08/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix proteoglycan (ECM) perlecan, also known as heparan sulfate proteoglycan 2 or HSPG2, is one of the largest (>200 nm) and oldest (>550 M years) extracellular matrix molecules. In vertebrates, perlecan's five-domain structure contains numerous independently folding modules with sequence similarities to other ECM proteins, all connected like cars into one long, diverse complex train following a unique N-terminal domain I decorated with three long glycosaminoglycan chains, and an additional glycosaminoglycan attachment site in the C-terminal domain V. In lower invertebrates, perlecan is not typically a proteoglycan, possessing the majority of the core protein modules, but lacking domain I where the attachment sites for glycosaminoglycan chains are located. This suggests that uniting the heparan sulfate binding growth factor functions of domain I and the core protein functions of the rest of the molecule in domains II-V occurred later in evolution for a new functional purpose. In this review, we surveyed several decades of pertinent literature to ask a fundamental question: Why did nature design this protein uniquely as an extraordinarily long multifunctional proteoglycan with a single promoter regulating expression, rather than separating these functions into individual proteins that could be independently regulated? We arrived at the conclusion that the concentration of perlecan at functional borders separating tissues and tissue layers is an ancient key function of the core protein. The addition of the heparan sulfate chains in domain I likely occurred as an additional means of binding the core protein to other ECM proteins in territorial matrices and basement membranes, and as a means to reserve growth factors in an on-site depot to assist with rapid repair of those borders when compromised, such as would occur during wounding. We propose a function for perlecan that extends its role from that of an extracellular scaffold, as we previously suggested, to that of a critical agent for establishing and patrolling tissue borders in complex tissues in metazoans. We also propose that understanding these unique functions of the individual portions of the perlecan molecule can provide new insights and tools for engineering of complex multi-layered tissues including providing the necessary cues for establishing neotissue borders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary C Farach-Carson
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Rice University W100 George R. Brown Hall P.O. Box 1892, MS-140, Houston, TX 77251-1892, United States.
| | - Curtis R Warren
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Rice University W100 George R. Brown Hall P.O. Box 1892, MS-140, Houston, TX 77251-1892, United States
| | - Daniel A Harrington
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Rice University W100 George R. Brown Hall P.O. Box 1892, MS-140, Houston, TX 77251-1892, United States
| | - Daniel D Carson
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Rice University W100 George R. Brown Hall P.O. Box 1892, MS-140, Houston, TX 77251-1892, United States
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Coelho NM, Salmerón-Sánchez M, Altankov G. Fibroblasts remodeling of type IV collagen at a biomaterials interface. Biomater Sci 2013; 1:494-502. [DOI: 10.1039/c3bm00163f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Xiao HB, Liu RH, Ling GH, Xiao L, Xia YC, Liu FY, Li J, Liu YH, Chen QK, Lv JL, Zhan M, Yang SK, Kanwar YS, Sun L. HSP47 regulates ECM accumulation in renal proximal tubular cells induced by TGF-β1 through ERK1/2 and JNK MAPK pathways. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2012; 303:F757-65. [PMID: 22718885 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00470.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat shock protein (HSP)47 is a collagen-specific molecular chaperone that is essential for the biosynthesis of collagen molecules. It is likely that increased levels of HSP47 contribute to the assembly of procollagen and thereby cause an excessive accumulation of collagens in disease processes associated with fibrosis. Although HSP47 promotes renal fibrosis, the underlying mechanism and associated signaling events have not been clearly delineated. We examined the role of HSP47 in renal fibrosis using a rat unilateral ureteral obstruction model and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β(1)-treated human proximal tubular epithelial (HK-2) cells. An upregulation of HSP47 in both in vivo and in vitro models was observed, which correlated with the increased synthesis of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins and expression of tissue-type plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)-1. Blockade of HSP47 by short interfering RNA suppressed the expression of ECM proteins and PAI-1. In addition, TGF-β(1)-induced HSP47 expression in HK-2 cells was attenuated by ERK1/2 and JNK MAPK inhibitors. These data suggest that ERK1/2 and JNK signaling events are involved in modulating the expression of HSP47, the chaperoning effect of which on TGF-β(1) would ultimately contribute to renal fibrosis by enhancing the synthesis and deposition of ECM proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-bo Xiao
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Kidney Institute of Central South University, No. 139 Remin Middle Rd., Changsha, Hunan, China
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9
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Lou D, Sun B, Wei H, Deng X, Chen H, Xu D, Li G, Xu H, Wang Y. Spatiotemporal Expression of Testicular Protein Kinase 1 After Rat Sciatic Nerve Injury. J Mol Neurosci 2012; 47:180-91. [DOI: 10.1007/s12031-012-9712-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2011] [Accepted: 01/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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10
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Gardiner NJ. Integrins and the extracellular matrix: Key mediators of development and regeneration of the sensory nervous system. Dev Neurobiol 2011; 71:1054-72. [DOI: 10.1002/dneu.20950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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11
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Inoue G, Gaultier A, Li X, Mantuano E, Richardson G, Takahashi K, Campana WM. Erythropoietin promotes Schwann cell migration and assembly of the provisional extracellular matrix by recruiting beta1 integrin to the cell surface. Glia 2010; 58:399-409. [PMID: 19705458 DOI: 10.1002/glia.20931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
In peripheral nerve injury, Schwann cells undergo profound phenotypic modulation, adopting a migratory phenotype and remodeling the extracellular matrix so that it is permissive for axonal regrowth. Erythropoietin (Epo) and its receptor (EpoR) are expressed by Schwann cells after nerve injury, regulating inflammatory cytokine expression and minimizing the duration of neuropathic pain. The mechanism of Epo activity in the injured peripheral nerve remains incompletely understood. Herein, we demonstrate that Epo promotes Schwann cell migration in vitro on fibronectin (FN)-coated surfaces. Epo also rapidly recruits beta1 integrin subunit to the Schwann cell surface by a JAK-2-dependent pathway. Although beta1 integrin subunit-containing integrins were not principally responsible for Schwann cell adhesion or migration on FN under basal conditions, beta1 gene-silencing blocked the ability of Epo to promote cell migration. Epo also induced Schwann cell FN expression in vitro and in vivo. The FN was organized into insoluble fibrils by Epo-treated Schwann cells in vitro and into an extensive matrix surrounding Schwann cells in vivo. Our results support a model in which Epo promotes Schwann cell migration and assembly of the provisional extracellular matrix in the injured peripheral nerve by its effects on integrin recruitment to the cell surface and local FN production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gen Inoue
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, USA
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12
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Chernousov MA, Baylor K, Stahl RC, Stecker MM, Sakai LY, Lee-Arteaga S, Ramirez F, Carey DJ. Fibrillin-2 is dispensable for peripheral nerve development, myelination and regeneration. Matrix Biol 2010; 29:357-68. [PMID: 20188829 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2010.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2009] [Revised: 02/15/2010] [Accepted: 02/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix of peripheral nerve is formed from a diverse set of macromolecules, including glycoproteins, collagens and proteoglycans. Recent studies using knockout animal models have demonstrated that individual components of the extracellular matrix play a vital role in peripheral nerve development and regeneration. In this study we identified fibrillin-1 and fibrillin-2, large modular structural glycoproteins, as components of the extracellular matrix of peripheral nerve. Previously it was found that fibrillin-2 null mice display joint contractures, suggesting a possible defect of the peripheral nervous system in these animals. Close examination of the peripheral nerves of fibrillin-2 deficient animals described here revealed some structural abnormalities in the perineurium, while general structure of the nerve and molecular composition of nerve extracellular matrix remained unchanged. We also found that in spite of the obvious motor function impairment, fibrillin-2 null mice failed to display changes of nerve conduction properties or nerve regeneration capacity. Based on the data obtained we can conclude that peripheral neuropathy should be excluded as the cause of the impairment of locomotory function and joint contractures observed in fibrillin-2 deficient animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Chernousov
- Weis Center for Research, Geisinger Clinic, 100 North Academy Avenue, Danville, PA 17822-2613, USA.
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Chernousov MA, Yu WM, Chen ZL, Carey DJ, Strickland S. Regulation of Schwann cell function by the extracellular matrix. Glia 2009; 56:1498-1507. [PMID: 18803319 DOI: 10.1002/glia.20740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Laminins and collagens are extracellular matrix proteins that play essential roles in peripheral nervous system development. Laminin signals regulate Schwann cell proliferation and survival as well as actin cytoskeleton dynamics, which are essential steps for radial sorting and myelination of peripheral axons by Schwann cells. Collagen and their receptors promote Schwann cell adhesion, spreading, and myelination as well as neurite outgrowth. In this article, we will review the recent advances in the studies of laminin and collagen function in Schwann cell development.
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Pan S, Wang R, Zhou X, Corvera J, Kloc M, Sifers R, Gallick GE, Lin SH, Kuang J. Extracellular Alix regulates integrin-mediated cell adhesions and extracellular matrix assembly. EMBO J 2008; 27:2077-90. [PMID: 18636094 DOI: 10.1038/emboj.2008.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2008] [Accepted: 06/19/2008] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Alix (ALG-2-interacting protein X), a cytoplasmic adaptor protein involved in endosomal sorting and actin cytoskeleton assembly, is required for the maintenance of fibroblast morphology. As Alix has sequence similarity to adhesin in Entamoeba histolytica, and we observed that Alix is secreted, we determined whether extracellular Alix affects fibroblast morphology. Here, we demonstrate that secreted Alix is deposited on the substratum of non-immortalized WI38 fibroblasts. Antibody binding to extracellular Alix retards WI38 cell adhesion and spreading on fibronectin and vitronectin. Alix knockdown in WI38 cells reduces spreading and fibronectin assembly, and the effect is partially complemented by coating recombinant Alix on the cell substratum. Immortalized NIH/3T3 fibroblasts deposit less Alix on the substratum and have defects in alpha5beta1-integrin functions. Coating recombinant Alix on the culture substratum for NIH/3T3 cells promotes alpha5beta1-integrin-mediated cell adhesions and fibronectin assembly, and these effects require the aa 605-709 region of Alix. These findings demonstrate that a sub-population of Alix localizes extracellularly and regulates integrin-mediated cell adhesions and fibronectin matrix assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujuan Pan
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, MD Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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15
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Plemel JR, Duncan G, Chen KWK, Shannon C, Park S, Sparling JS, Tetzlaff W. A graded forceps crush spinal cord injury model in mice. J Neurotrauma 2008; 25:350-70. [PMID: 18373484 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2007.0426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Given the rising availability and use of genetically modified animals in basic science research, it has become increasingly important to develop clinically relevant models for spinal cord injury (SCI) for use in mice. We developed a graded forceps crush model of SCI in mice that uses three different forceps with spacers of 0.25, 0.4, and 0.55 mm, to produce severe, moderate, and mild injuries, respectively. Briefly, each mouse was subjected to laminectomy of T5-T7, 15-second spinal cord crush using one of those forceps, behavioral assessments, and post-mortem neuroanatomical analyses. There were significant differences among the three injury severity groups on behavioral measures (Basso Mouse Score, footprint, and ladder analyses), demonstrating an increase in neurological deficits for groups with greater injury severity. Quantitative analysis of the lesion demonstrated that as injury severity increased, lesion size and GFAP negative area increased, and spared tissue, spinal cord cross-sectional area, spared grey matter and spared white matter decreased. These measures strongly correlated with the behavioral outcomes. Similar to other studies of SCI in mice, we report a dense laminin and fibronectin positive extracellular matrix in the lesion sites of injured mice, but unlike those previous studies, we also report the presence of numerous p75 positive Schwann cells in and around the lesion epicenter. These results provide evidence that the graded forceps crush model is an attractive alternative for the study of SCI and related therapeutic interventions. Because of its demonstrated consistency, ease of use, low cost, and clinical relevance, this graded forceps crush is an attractive alternative to the other mouse models of SCI currently available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason R Plemel
- ICORD (International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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16
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Eshed Y, Feinberg K, Carey DJ, Peles E. Secreted gliomedin is a perinodal matrix component of peripheral nerves. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 177:551-62. [PMID: 17485493 PMCID: PMC2064815 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.200612139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The interaction between gliomedin and the axonodal cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) neurofascin and NrCAM induces the clustering of Na+ channels at the nodes of Ranvier. We define new interactions of gliomedin that are essential for its clustering activity. We show that gliomedin exists as both transmembrane and secreted forms that are generated by proteolytic cleavage of the protein, and that only the latter is detected at the nodes of Ranvier. The secreted extracellular domain of gliomedin binds to Schwann cells and is incorporated into the extracellular matrix (ECM) in a heparin-dependent manner, suggesting the involvement of heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs). Furthermore, we show that the N-terminal region of gliomedin serves as an oligomerization domain that mediates self-association of the molecule, which is required for its binding to neurofascin and NrCAM. Our results indicate that the deposition of gliomedin multimers at the nodal gap by binding to HSPGs facilitates the clustering of the axonodal CAMs and Na+ channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yael Eshed
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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Väisänen MR, Väisänen T, Tu H, Pirilä P, Sormunen R, Pihlajaniemi T. The shed ectodomain of type XIII collagen associates with the fibrillar fibronectin matrix and may interfere with its assembly in vitro. Biochem J 2006; 393:43-50. [PMID: 16091016 PMCID: PMC1383662 DOI: 10.1042/bj20051073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Type XIII collagen is a transmembrane collagen, which is known to exist also as a soluble variant due to ectodomain shedding. Earlier studies with the recombinant ectodomain have shown it to interact in vitro with a number of extracellular matrix proteins, e.g. Fn (fibronectin). In view of its strong binding to Fn, we examined in the present study whether the released soluble ectodomain can bind to the fibrillar Fn matrix under cell-culture conditions and, if so, influence its assembly. In this study, we demonstrate that the type XIII collagen ectodomain of mammalian cells can associate with Fn fibres and may eventually hamper incorporation of the fibrillar Fn meshwork. The association between type XIII collagen and Fn was implicated to be mediated by the C-terminal end of type XIII collagen and the N-terminal end of Fn. The results presented here imply that the shedding of the type XIII collagen ectodomain results in a biologically active molecule capable of remodelling the structure of the pericellular matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marja-Riitta Väisänen
- *Collagen Research Unit, Biocenter Oulu and Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, 90014 University of Oulu, Finland
| | - Timo Väisänen
- *Collagen Research Unit, Biocenter Oulu and Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, 90014 University of Oulu, Finland
| | - Hongmin Tu
- *Collagen Research Unit, Biocenter Oulu and Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, 90014 University of Oulu, Finland
| | - Päivi Pirilä
- †Biocenter Oulu and Department of Chemistry, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 3000, 90014 University of Oulu, Finland
| | - Raija Sormunen
- ‡Biocenter Oulu and Department of Pathology, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, 90014 University of Oulu, Finland
| | - Taina Pihlajaniemi
- *Collagen Research Unit, Biocenter Oulu and Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, 90014 University of Oulu, Finland
- To whom correspondence should be addressed (email )
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18
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Rothblum K, Stahl RC, Carey DJ. Constitutive Release of α4 Type V Collagen N-terminal Domain by Schwann Cells and Binding to Cell Surface and Extracellular Matrix Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans. J Biol Chem 2004; 279:51282-8. [PMID: 15383532 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m408837200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
During peripheral nerve development, Schwann cells synthesize collagen type V molecules that contain alpha4(V) chains. This collagen subunit possesses an N-terminal domain (NTD) that contains a unique high affinity heparin binding site. The alpha4(V)-NTD is adhesive for Schwann cells and sensory neurons and is an excellent substrate for Schwann cell and axonal migration. Here we show that the alpha4(V)-NTD is released constitutively by Schwann cells both in culture and in vivo. In cultures of neonatal rat Schwann cells, alpha4(V)-NTD release is increased significantly by ascorbate treatment, which facilitates collagen post-translational modification and collagen trimer assembly. In peripheral nerve tissue, the alpha4(V)-NTD is localized to the region of the outer Schwann cell membrane and associated extracellular matrix. The released alpha4(V)-NTD binds to the cell surface and extracellular matrix heparan sulfate proteoglycans of Schwann cells. Pull-down assays and immunofluorescent staining showed that the major alpha4(V)-NTD-binding proteins are glypican-1 and perlecan. alpha4(V)-NTD binding occurs via a mechanism that requires the high affinity heparin binding site and that is blocked by soluble heparin, demonstrating that binding to proteoglycans is mediated by their heparan sulfate chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina Rothblum
- Weis Center for Research, Geisinger Clinic, Danville, Pennsylvania 17822-2601, USA
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19
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Opinion of the Scientific Panel on Plant protection products and their residues (PPR) related to the evaluation of alachlor in the context of Council Directive 91/414/EEC. EFSA J 2004. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2004.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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20
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Zoppi N, Gardella R, De Paepe A, Barlati S, Colombi M. Human fibroblasts with mutations in COL5A1 and COL3A1 genes do not organize collagens and fibronectin in the extracellular matrix, down-regulate alpha2beta1 integrin, and recruit alphavbeta3 Instead of alpha5beta1 integrin. J Biol Chem 2004; 279:18157-68. [PMID: 14970208 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m312609200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Dermal fibroblasts derived from types I and IV Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS) patients, carrying mutations in COL5A1 and COL3A1 genes, respectively, synthesize aberrant types V and III collagen (COLL) and show defective organization of these proteins into the extracellular matrix (ECM) and high reduction of their functional receptor, the alpha(2)beta(1) integrin, compared with control fibroblasts. EDS cells also show reduced levels of fibronectin (FN) in the culture medium and lack an FN fibrillar network. Finally, EDS cells prevalently organize alpha(v)beta(3) integrin instead of alpha(5)beta(1) integrin. The alpha(v)beta(3) integrin, distributed on the whole EDS cell surface, shows FN binding and assembly properties when the cells are treated with purified FN. Treatment of EDS cells with purified COLLV or COLLIII, but not with FN, restores the control phenotype (COLL(+), FN(+), alpha(v)beta(3)(-), alpha(5)beta(1)(+), alpha(2)beta(1)(+)). Function-blocking antibodies to COLLV, COLLIII, or alpha(2)beta(1) integrin induce in control fibroblasts an EDS-like phenotype (COLL(-), FN(-), alpha(v)beta(3)(+), alpha(5)beta(1)(-), alpha(2)beta(1)(-)). These results show that in human fibroblasts alpha(2)beta(1) integrin organization and function are controlled by its ligand, and that the alpha(2)beta(1)-COLL interaction, in turn, regulates FN integrin receptor recruitment: high alpha(2)beta(1) integrin levels induce alpha(5)beta(1) integrin organization, while low alpha(2)beta(1) integrin levels lead to alpha(v)beta(3) integrin organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoletta Zoppi
- Division of Biology and Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biotechnology, Medical Faculty, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
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21
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Platt CI, Krekoski CA, Ward RV, Edwards DR, Gavrilovic J. Extracellular matrix and matrix metalloproteinases in sciatic nerve. J Neurosci Res 2003; 74:417-29. [PMID: 14598318 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.10783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Although matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are increasingly being implicated in several pathologies of the nervous system, it is not yet clear what role they play in normal neurobiological processes. We review the expression of extracellular matrix (ECM) components as well as MMPs and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) in the peripheral nervous system. We explore the expression of certain MMPs and the four TIMPs at the mRNA level in the postnatal mouse sciatic nerve. In addition, we have used substrate gel and in situ zymography to determine levels of MMP-2 and -9 and TIMP activity in rat sciatic nerve after crush and during regeneration. A rapid and transient increase in MMP-9 localised at and immediately distal to the site of injury was observed, whereas an increase in MMP-2 activity was delayed, prolonged, and extended proximal and distal to the injury site. This activity coincides with periods of axonal elongation, suggesting that it could act to facilitate axonal extension along the nerve matrix. We also detected multiple species of gelatinolytic inhibitory activity, including TIMP-1 and -3 in control and injured nerve. These activities probably act to prevent uncontrolled gelatinolytic activity, maintaining nerve integrity at the level essential for axonal regrowth.
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Affiliation(s)
- C I Platt
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
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22
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Dalkilic N, Kiziltan E, Pehlivan F, Kose K. Does Collagenase Affect the Electrophysiological Parameters of Nerve Trunk? YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2003; 123:1031-7. [PMID: 14689866 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.123.1031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Collegenase is widely used in the process of teasing a nerve in order to perform single fiber action potential (SFAP) recordings. In this study, the effects of collagenase on nerve conduction parameters were investigated. To accomplish this, normal compound action potentials (nCAPs) were recorded from isolated frog sciatic nerve at various distances using the suction technique. Then, the same nerve was treated with collagenased Ringer's solution (3.5 mg/ml, Sigma Type XI) for 90 minutes and action potentials (cCAPs) were recorded again. Numerical analysis of these records was performed and the results were compared. Using the nCAP and cCAP recordings, the conduction velocity distributions (CVD) of the individual nerve trunks were determined by a method that we have previously described. Statistical results indicated significant differences (p < 0.05) between the nCAP and cCAP CVD data. From these findings it is concluded that, when used for teasing the nerve fibers, collagenase may affect the nerve trunk conduction parameters. Specifically, a significant amount of decrease has been observed in conduction velocities of myelinated fibers having diameters smaller than 8 microns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nizamettin Dalkilic
- Biophysics Department, Medical Faculty, Selçuk University, 42080, Konya, Turkey.
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23
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Burman DM, Shertzer HG, Senft AP, Dalton TP, Genter MB. Antioxidant perturbations in the olfactory mucosa of alachlor-treated rats. Biochem Pharmacol 2003; 66:1707-15. [PMID: 14563481 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-2952(03)00475-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The chloracetanilide herbicide alachlor (2-chloro-2',6'-diethyl-N-(methoxymethyl)acetanilide) induces olfactory mucosal tumors in rats following chronic dietary exposure. Previous reports demonstrated that alachlor exposure was associated with depletion of glutathione (GSH) in liver in vivo and in vitro, but did not address this issue in the target tissue for the carcinogenic response. In this study we investigated a potential oxidative stress pathway in olfactory tissue by examining perturbations in olfactory mucosal antioxidants. Male Long-Evans rats were fed alachlor for up to 10 days (10-126 mg/kg per day), and intracellular reduced GSH and ascorbate levels were measured in olfactory mucosa. Both GSH and ascorbate rapidly decreased in olfactory mucosa following alachlor exposure, with a subsequent increase in both antioxidants to approximately 160% of control levels in the high dose group, and recovery of GSH to control levels in all groups by 10 days. Using Western blot analysis, we found that the modifier subunit of the rate-limiting enzyme in GSH synthesis, glutamate-cysteine ligase, increased in olfactory mucosa and remained elevated (126 mg/kg per day group). Two ascorbate transporters were detected by RT-PCR in olfactory mucosa, but neither appeared to be upregulated by alachlor exposure, and ascorbate synthesis was not stimulated in olfactory mucosa by alachlor treatment. Dietary exposure to alachlor depletes olfactory mucosa antioxidants, which may contribute to DNA damage and tissue-specific tumor formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawn M Burman
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0056, USA
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24
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Velling T, Risteli J, Wennerberg K, Mosher DF, Johansson S. Polymerization of type I and III collagens is dependent on fibronectin and enhanced by integrins alpha 11beta 1 and alpha 2beta 1. J Biol Chem 2002; 277:37377-81. [PMID: 12145303 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m206286200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 272] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymerization of the ECM proteins fibronectin and laminin has been shown to take place in close vicinity to the cell surface and be facilitated by beta(1) integrins (Lohikangas, L., Gullberg, D., and Johansson, S. (2001) Exp. Cell Res. 265, 135-144 and Wennerberg, K., Lohikangas, L., Gullberg, D., Pfaff, M., Johansson, S., and Fassler, R. (1996) J. Cell Biol. 132, 227-238). We have studied the role of collagen receptors, integrins alpha(11)beta(1) and alpha(2)beta(1), and fibronectin in collagen polymerization using fibronectin-deficient mouse embryonic fibroblast cell lines. In contrast to the earlier belief that collagen polymerization occurs via self-assembly of collagen molecules we show that a preformed fibronectin matrix is essential for collagen network formation and that collagen-binding integrins strongly enhance this process. Thus, collagen deposition is regulated by the cells, both indirectly through integrin alpha(5)beta(1)-dependent polymerization of fibronectin and directly through collagen-binding integrins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teet Velling
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden.
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25
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Tuszynski MH, Grill R, Jones LL, McKay HM, Blesch A. Spontaneous and augmented growth of axons in the primate spinal cord: effects of local injury and nerve growth factor-secreting cell grafts. J Comp Neurol 2002; 449:88-101. [PMID: 12115695 DOI: 10.1002/cne.10266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Little is known about molecular and cellular responses to spinal cord injury in primates. In this study, the normal milieu of the primate spinal cord was disturbed by multiple needle penetrations and cell injections in the mid-thoracic spinal cord; subsequent effects on local axons and expression of extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules were examined, together with effects of cellular delivery of nerve growth factor (NGF) to the injured region. Four adult rhesus monkeys each received injections of two grafts of autologous fibroblasts genetically modified to secrete human NGF, and, in control injection sites, two separate grafts of autologous fibroblasts transduced to express the reporter gene, beta-galactosidase. Three months later, Schwann cells extensively infiltrated the region of localized injury and penetrated both NGF and control fibroblast grafts. Marked upregulation of several ECM molecules occurred, including chondroitin and heparan sulfate proteoglycans and type IV collagen, in or adjacent to all injection sites. Schwann cells were an apparent source of some ECM expression. Spinal cord sensory axons and putative coerulospinal axons extended into both graft types, but they penetrated NGF grafts to a significantly greater extent. Many of these axons expressed the cell adhesion molecule L1. Thus, extensive cellular and molecular changes occur at sites of localized primate spinal cord injury and grafting, attributable in part to migrating Schwann cells, and are accompanied by spontaneous axonal plasticity. These molecular and cellular events closely resemble those observed in the rodent spinal cord after injury. Furthermore, as in rodent studies, cellular delivery of a trophic factor significantly augments axonal plasticity in the primate spinal cord.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark H Tuszynski
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California-San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0626, USA.
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26
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Tsiper MV, Yurchenco PD. Laminin assembles into separate basement membrane and fibrillar matrices in Schwann cells. J Cell Sci 2002; 115:1005-15. [PMID: 11870219 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.115.5.1005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Laminins are important for Schwann cell basement membrane assembly and axonal function. In this study, we found that exogenous laminin-1, like neuromuscular laminins-2/4, formed two distinct extracellular matrices on Schwann cell surfaces, each facilitated by laminin polymerization. Assembly of one, a densely-distributed reticular matrix, was accompanied by a redistribution of cell-surface dystroglycan and cytoskeletal utrophin into matrix-receptor-cytoskeletal complexes. The other, a fibrillar matrix,accumulated in separate zones associated with pre-existing β1-integrin arrays. The laminin-1 fragment E3 (LG-modules 4-5), which binds dystroglycan and heparin, inhibited reticular-matrix formation. By contrast,β1-integrin blocking antibody (Ha2/5) prevented fibrillar assembly. Ultrastructural analysis revealed that laminin treatment induced the formation of a linear electron-dense extracellular matrix (lamina densa)separated from plasma membrane by a narrow lucent zone (lamina lucida). This structure was considerably reduced with non-polymerizing laminin, fully blocked by E3, and unaffected by Ha2/5. Although it formed in the absence of type IV collagen, it was nonetheless able to incorporate this collagen. Finally, cell competency to bind laminin and form a basement membrane was passage-dependent. We postulate that laminin induces the assembly of a basement membrane on competent cell surfaces probably mediated by anchorage through LG 4-5. Upon binding, laminin interacts with dystroglycan,mobilizes utrophin, and assembles a `nascent' basement membrane, independent of integrin, that is completed by incorporation of type IV collagen. However,the fibrillar β1-integrin dependent matrix is unlikely to be precursor to basement membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria V Tsiper
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
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27
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Olorundare OE, Peyruchaud O, Albrecht RM, Mosher DF. Assembly of a fibronectin matrix by adherent platelets stimulated by lysophosphatidic acid and other agonists. Blood 2001; 98:117-24. [PMID: 11418470 DOI: 10.1182/blood.v98.1.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) are agonists of the endothelial differentiation gene (Edg) family of G-protein-coupled receptors. LPA and S1P are generated by platelet activation during blood coagulation. Both lipids induce assembly of exogenous fibronectin (FN) by fibroblasts. This study examined whether LPA and S1P stimulate binding and assembly of fluoresceinated FN (FITC-FN) by adherent platelets. LPA enhanced deposition of FITC-FN into linear arrays overlying platelet surfaces and on edges of platelets adherent to FN or vitronectin (VN). Deposition was greater when platelets were adherent to FN than to VN and was elicited by platelet agonists with the following order of potency: thrombin > LPA = ADP (adenosine diphosphate) > S1P. The linear pattern of FITC-FN deposition was different from the more diffuse pattern of Alexa-fibrinogen (Alexa-FGN) binding to adherent platelets. FITC-FN was deposited by adherent platelets that had dense arrays of cytoskeletal actin when stained with rhodamine-phalloidin. The 70-kd N-terminal fragment of FN or L8 monoclonal antibody to a self-association domain of FN abolished deposition of FITC-FN but had no effect on binding of Alexa-FGN. Conversely, integrilin did not attenuate deposition of FITC-FN but abolished binding of Alexa-FGN. RGDS (Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser) or antibodies to alpha5beta1 or alphaIIbbeta3 integrins caused a partial decrease in LPA-induced deposition of FITC-FN. Correlative electron microscopy with anti-FITC coupled to gold beads revealed linear arrays on platelet surfaces associated with less than 20-nm-diameter filaments. These observations demonstrate that LPA, thrombin, ADP, and S1P induce adherent platelets to bind and assemble FN and suggest that platelets may contribute to early deposition of FN matrix after vascular injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- O E Olorundare
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706, USA
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28
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Chernousov MA, Rothblum K, Tyler WA, Stahl RC, Carey DJ. Schwann cells synthesize type V collagen that contains a novel alpha 4 chain. Molecular cloning, biochemical characterization, and high affinity heparin binding of alpha 4(V) collagen. J Biol Chem 2000; 275:28208-15. [PMID: 10852920 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m003922200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously, we reported the isolation of a heparan sulfate-binding collagenous protein, p200, that is expressed by Schwann cells in developing peripheral nerves ((1996) J. Biol. Chem. 271, 13844-13853; (1999) J. Neurosci. Res. 56, 284-294). Here, we report the cloning of p200 cDNA from a Schwann cell cDNA library. The deduced amino acid sequence identifies p200 as a novel member of the collagen type V gene family. This polypeptide, which we have named alpha4 type V (alpha4(V)) collagen, contains an uninterrupted Gly-X-X collagen domain of 1011 amino acids that shows 82% sequence identity to human alpha3(V) collagen and 71% identity to rat alpha1(V) collagen. alpha4(V) is secreted by Schwann cells as a collagen heterotrimer that also contains alpha1(V) chains. alpha4(V)-containing collagen molecules synthesized by Schwann cells retain their amino-terminal non-collagenous domains. alpha4(V) mRNA was detected by reverse transcriptase-linked polymerase chain reaction amplification in neonatal and adult brain and neonatal peripheral nerve. alpha4(V) mRNA and protein were not detected in most other tissues, including the placenta and heart, which are known to contain alpha3(V). This pattern of alpha4(V) expression contrasted with that of alpha1(V) mRNA and protein, which were ubiquitously expressed. The isolated alpha4(V) chain demonstrated an unusually high affinity for heparin. The restricted expression and unusual properties of alpha4(V)-containing collagen type V molecules suggest a unique and important role for these molecules in peripheral nerve development.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Chernousov
- Sigfried and Janet Weis Center for Research, Geisinger Clinic, Danville, Pennsylvania 17822, USA
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29
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Chernousov MA, Scherer SS, Stahl RC, Carey DJ. p200, a collagen secreted by Schwann cells, is expressed in developing nerves and in adult nerves following axotomy. J Neurosci Res 1999; 56:284-94. [PMID: 10336258 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-4547(19990501)56:3<284::aid-jnr8>3.0.co;2-q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Previously we reported that cultured rat Schwann cells secrete p200, a collagen-like heparin-binding adhesive glycoprotein with a restricted pattern of expression. Here we report that p200 is secreted as a stable trimer, but only after treatment of Schwann cells with ascorbic acid, and was deposited in the fibrillar extracellular matrix. Heparin and heparitinase treatment inhibited incorporation of p200 into extracellular matrix, suggesting the involvement of Schwann cell heparan sulfate proteoglycans in this process. Pepsin digestion revealed that p200 secreted by ascorbate-treated cells contains a collagenous domain of approximately 140 kDa. Immunofluorescent staining of rat embryos at different ages showed that p200 first appeared between embryonic days 15 and 18, and was confined to peripheral nerves. Staining of adult peripheral nerve was negative, but p200 expression was induced in adult sciatic nerve following nerve transection. These data suggest that p200 carries out unique functions during peripheral nerve development and regeneration and that its expression by Schwann cells is regulated by axon-Schwann cell interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Chernousov
- Henry Hood M.D. Research Program, Weis Center for Research, Pennsylvania State College of Medicine, Danville 17822-2613, USA.
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