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Shapira G, Israel-Elgali I, Grad M, Avnat E, Rachmany L, Sarne Y, Shomron N. Hippocampal differential expression underlying the neuroprotective effect of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol microdose on old mice. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1182932. [PMID: 37534036 PMCID: PMC10393280 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1182932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is the primary psychoactive compound of the cannabis plant and an exogenous ligand of the endocannabinoid system. In previous studies, we demonstrated that a single microdose of THC (0.002 mg/kg, 3-4 orders of magnitude lower than the standard dose for rodents) exerts distinct, long-term neuroprotection in model mice subjected to acute neurological insults. When administered to old, healthy mice, the THC microdose induced remarkable long-lasting (weeks) improvement in a wide range of cognitive functions, including significant morphological and biochemical brain alterations. To elucidate the mechanisms underlying these effects, we analyzed the gene expression of hippocampal samples from the model mice. Samples taken 5 days after THC treatment showed significant differential expression of genes associated with neurogenesis and brain development. In samples taken 5 weeks after treatment, the transcriptional signature was shifted to that of neuronal differentiation and survival. This study demonstrated the use of hippocampal transcriptome profiling in uncovering the molecular basis of the atypical, anti-aging effects of THC microdose treatment in old mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy Shapira
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Edmond J Safra Center for Bioinformatics, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ifat Israel-Elgali
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Meitar Grad
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Eden Avnat
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Lital Rachmany
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yosef Sarne
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Noam Shomron
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Edmond J Safra Center for Bioinformatics, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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2
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Gradari S, Herrera A, Tezanos P, Fontán-Lozano Á, Pons S, Trejo JL. The Role of Smad2 in Adult Neuroplasticity as Seen through Hippocampal-Dependent Spatial Learning/Memory and Neurogenesis. J Neurosci 2021; 41:6836-6849. [PMID: 34210778 PMCID: PMC8360684 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2619-20.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult neural plasticity is an important and intriguing phenomenon in the brain, and adult hippocampal neurogenesis is directly involved in modulating neural plasticity by mechanisms that are only partially understood. We have performed gain-of-function and loss-of-function experiments to study Smad2, a transcription factor selected from genes that are demethylated after exercise through the analysis of an array of physical activity-induced factors, and their corresponding gene expression, and an efficient inducer of plasticity. In these studies, changes in cell number and morphology were analyzed in the hippocampal dentate gyrus (cell proliferation and survival, including regional distribution, and structural maturation/differentiation, including arborization, dendritic spines, and neurotransmitter-specific vesicles) of sedentary male mice, after evaluation in a battery of behavioral tests. As a result, we reveal a role for Smad2 in the balance of proliferation versus maturation of differentiating immature cells (Smad2 silencing increases both the proliferation and survival of cycling cells in the dentate granule cell layer), and in the plasticity of both newborn and mature neurons in mice (by decreasing dendritic arborization and dendritic spine number). Moreover, Smad2 silencing specifically compromises spatial learning in mice (through impairments of spatial tasks acquisition both in long-term learning and working memory). These data suggest that Smad2 participates in adult neural plasticity by influencing the proliferation and maturation of dentate gyrus neurons.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Smad2 is one of the main components of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) pathway. The commitment of cell fate in the nervous system is tightly coordinated by SMAD2 signaling, as are further differentiation steps (e.g., dendrite and axon growth, myelination, and synapse formation). However, there are no studies that have directly evaluated the role of Smad2 gene in hippocampus of adult animals. Modulation of these parameters in the adult hippocampus can affect hippocampal-dependent behaviors, which may shed light on the mechanisms that regulate adult neurogenesis and behavior. We demonstrate here a role for Smad2 in the maturation of differentiating immature cells and in the plasticity of mature neurons. Moreover, Smad2 silencing specifically compromises the spatial learning abilities of adult male mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Gradari
- Cajal Institute, Translational Neuroscience Department, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28002 Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Herrera
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Patricia Tezanos
- Cajal Institute, Translational Neuroscience Department, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28002 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángela Fontán-Lozano
- Cajal Institute, Translational Neuroscience Department, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28002 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Physiology, School of Biology, University of Sevilla, 41004 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Sebastián Pons
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Luis Trejo
- Cajal Institute, Translational Neuroscience Department, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28002 Madrid, Spain
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3
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TGF-β/Smad Signalling in Neurogenesis: Implications for Neuropsychiatric Diseases. Cells 2021; 10:cells10061382. [PMID: 34205102 PMCID: PMC8226492 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
TGF-β/Smad signalling has been the subject of extensive research due to its role in the cell cycle and carcinogenesis. Modifications to the TGF-β/Smad signalling pathway have been found to produce disparate effects on neurogenesis. We review the current research on canonical and non-canonical TGF-β/Smad signalling pathways and their functions in neurogenesis. We also examine the observed role of neurogenesis in neuropsychiatric disorders and the relationship between TGF-β/Smad signalling and neurogenesis in response to stressors. Overlapping mechanisms of cell proliferation, neurogenesis, and the development of mood disorders in response to stressors suggest that TGF-β/Smad signalling is an important regulator of stress response and is implicated in the behavioural outcomes of mood disorders.
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4
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Cell intercalation driven by SMAD3 underlies secondary neural tube formation. Dev Cell 2021; 56:1147-1163.e6. [PMID: 33878300 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2021.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Body axis elongation is a hallmark of the vertebrate embryo, involving the architectural remodeling of the tail bud. Although it is clear how neuromesodermal progenitors (NMPs) contribute to embryo elongation, the dynamic events that lead to de novo lumen formation and that culminate in the formation of a 3-dimensional, neural tube from NMPs, are poorly understood. Here, we used in vivo imaging of the chicken embryo to show that cell intercalation downstream of TGF-β/SMAD3 signaling is required for secondary neural tube formation. Our analysis describes the events in embryo elongation including lineage restriction, the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition of NMPs, and the initiation of lumen formation. We show that the resolution of a single, centrally positioned lumen, which occurs through the intercalation of central cells, requires SMAD3/Yes-associated protein (YAP) activity. We anticipate that these findings will be relevant to understand caudal, skin-covered neural tube defects, among the most frequent birth defects detected in humans.
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5
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Goes CP, Vieceli FM, De La Cruz SM, Simões-Costa M, Yan CYI. Scratch2, a Snail Superfamily Member, Is Regulated by miR-125b. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:769. [PMID: 32984310 PMCID: PMC7477046 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Scratch2 is a transcription factor expressed in a very restricted population of vertebrate embryonic neural cell precursors involved in their survival, differentiation, and migration. The mechanisms that control its expression remain unknown and could contribute towards our understanding of gene regulation during neural differentiation and evolution. Here we investigate the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in the Scrt2 post-transcriptional regulatory mechanism. We identified binding sites for miR-125b and -200b in the Scrt2 3′UTR in silico. We confirmed the repressive-mediated activity of the Scrt2 3′UTR through electroporation of luciferase constructs into chick embryos. Further, both CRISPR/Cas9-mediated deletion of miR-125b/-200b responsive elements from chicken Scrt2 3′UTR and expression of miRNAs sponges increased Scrt2 expression field, suggesting a role for these miRNAs as post-transcriptional regulators of Scrt2. The biological effect of miR-125b titration was much more pronounced than that of miR-200b. Therefore, we propose that, after transcription, miR-125b fine-tunes the Scrt2 expression domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Purcell Goes
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Felipe Monteleone Vieceli
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Shirley Mirna De La Cruz
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcos Simões-Costa
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Chao Yun Irene Yan
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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6
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Lei A, Chen L, Zhang M, Yang X, Xu L, Cao N, Zhang Z, Cao Y. EZH2 Regulates Protein Stability via Recruiting USP7 to Mediate Neuronal Gene Expression in Cancer Cells. Front Genet 2019; 10:422. [PMID: 31130994 PMCID: PMC6510286 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Misexpression of chromatin modification factors and changed epigenetic modifications play crucial roles for tumorigenesis. Our previous studies demonstrated that inhibition of epigenetic modification enzymes EZH2, LSD1, DNMTs, and HDACs caused post-mitotic neuron-like differentiation in different cancer cells. However, how they regulate neuronal differentiation in cancer cells was unknown. Here, we show that EZH2, LSD1, DNMT1, and HDAC1 form interactions themselves, meanwhile, they also interact with SMAD proteins and β-CATENIN in cancer cells. Chemical inhibition of these enzymes leads to reduced level of proteins except HDAC1. The change in protein level and/or enzymatic activities further result in changed chromatin modifications on neuronal gene promoters, and activation of neuronal genes. Inhibition of these enzymes in neural progenitor cells (NPCs) also caused neuronal differentiation, similar to cancer cells. Particularly, EZH2 interacts with and required for the stability of LSD1, HDAC1, DNMT1, β-CATENIN, or SMAD2/4, via recruitment of deubiquitinase USP7. Reduced EZH2 leads to enhanced ubiquitination and degradation of these proteins, and decreased binding of LSD1, HDAC1, and DNMT1 to neuronal gene promoters, and lessened Wnt and TGFβ target gene activation. Hence, EZH2 sustains a series of proteins that promote tumorigenesis, in addition to its original function of histone methylation. Considering together with other studies, we conclude that these chromatin modification factors function in the same way in cancer cells as in neural progenitor/stem cells. The similarity between cancer cells and neural progenitor/stem cells provides an insight into the essence and unified framework for cancer initiation and progression, and are suggestive for novel strategies of cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anhua Lei
- China's Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lu Chen
- China's Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Min Zhang
- China's Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoli Yang
- China's Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liyang Xu
- China's Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ning Cao
- China's Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zan Zhang
- China's Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ying Cao
- China's Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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7
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Godini R, Fallahi H. Dynamics changes in the transcription factors during early human embryonic development. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:6489-6502. [PMID: 30246428 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Development of an embryo from a single cell, zygote, to multicellular morulae requires activation of hundreds of genes that were mostly inactivated before fertilization. Inevitably, transcription factors (TFs) would be involved in modulating the drastic changes in gene expression pattern observed at all preimplantation stages. Despite many ongoing efforts to uncover the role of TFs at the early stages of embryogenesis, still many unanswered questions remained that need to be explored. This could be done by studying the expression pattern of multiple genes obtained by high-throughput techniques. In the current study, we have identified a set of TFs that are involved in the progression of the zygote to blastocyst. Global gene expression patterns of consecutive stages were compared and differences documented. Expectedly, at the early stages of development, only a few sets of TFs differentially expressed while at the later stages hundreds of TFs appear to be upregulated. Interestingly, the expression levels of many TFs show an oscillation pattern during development indicating a need for their precise expression. A significant shift in gene expression was observed during the transition from four- to eight-cell stages, an indication of zygote genome activation. Additionally, we have found 11 TFs that were common in all stages including ATF3, EN1, IFI16, IKZF3, KLF3, NPAS3, NR2F2, RUNX1, SOX2, ZBTB20, and ZSCAN4. However, their expression patterns did not follow similar trends in the steps studied. Besides, our findings showed that both upregulation and active downregulation of the TFs expression is required for successful embryogenesis. Furthermore, our detailed network analysis identified the hub TFs for each transition. We found that HNF4A, FOXA2, and EP300 are the three most important elements for the first division of zygote.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasoul Godini
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Hossein Fallahi
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
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8
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Miyazono KI, Moriwaki S, Ito T, Kurisaki A, Asashima M, Tanokura M. Hydrophobic patches on SMAD2 and SMAD3 determine selective binding to cofactors. Sci Signal 2018; 11:11/523/eaao7227. [PMID: 29588413 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aao7227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily of cytokines regulates various biological processes, including cell proliferation, immune responses, autophagy, and senescence. Dysregulation of TGF-β signaling causes various diseases, such as cancer and fibrosis. SMAD2 and SMAD3 are core transcription factors involved in TGF-β signaling, and they form heterotrimeric complexes with SMAD4 (SMAD2-SMAD2-SMAD4, SMAD3-SMAD3-SMAD4, and SMAD2-SMAD3-SMAD4) in response to TGF-β signaling. These heterotrimeric complexes interact with cofactors to control the expression of TGF-β-dependent genes. SMAD2 and SMAD3 may promote or repress target genes depending on whether they form complexes with other transcription factors, coactivators, or corepressors; therefore, the selection of specific cofactors is critical for the appropriate activity of these transcription factors. To reveal the structural basis by which SMAD2 and SMAD3 select cofactors, we determined the crystal structures of SMAD3 in complex with the transcription factor FOXH1 and SMAD2 in complex with the transcriptional corepressor SKI. The structures of the complexes show that the MAD homology 2 (MH2) domains of SMAD2 and SMAD3 have multiple hydrophobic patches on their surfaces. The cofactors tether to various subsets of these patches to interact with SMAD2 and SMAD3 in a cooperative or competitive manner to control the output of TGF-β signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken-Ichi Miyazono
- Laboratory of Basic Science on Healthy Longevity, Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Saho Moriwaki
- Laboratory of Basic Science on Healthy Longevity, Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Tomoko Ito
- Laboratory of Basic Science on Healthy Longevity, Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Akira Kurisaki
- Biotechnology Research Institute for Drug Discovery, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Ibaraki 305-8560, Japan.,Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Makoto Asashima
- Biotechnology Research Institute for Drug Discovery, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Ibaraki 305-8560, Japan
| | - Masaru Tanokura
- Laboratory of Basic Science on Healthy Longevity, Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.
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9
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Chen JJ, Wang T, An CD, Jiang CY, Zhao J, Li S. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor: a mediator of inflammation-associated neurogenesis in Alzheimer's disease. Rev Neurosci 2018; 27:793-811. [PMID: 27508959 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2016-0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In early- or late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD), inflammation, which is triggered by pathologic conditions, influences the progression of neurodegeneration. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has emerged as a crucial mediator of neurogenesis, because it exhibits a remarkable activity-dependent regulation of expression, which suggests that it may link inflammation to neurogenesis. Emerging evidence suggests that acute and chronic inflammation in AD differentially modulates neurotrophin functions, which are related to the roles of inflammation in neuroprotection and neurodegeneration. Recent studies also indicate novel mechanisms of BDNF-mediated neuroprotection, including the modulation of autophagy. Numerous research studies have demonstrated reverse parallel alterations between proinflammatory cytokines and BDNF during neurodegeneration; thus, we hypothesize that one mechanism that underlies the negative impact of chronic inflammation on neurogenesis is the reduction of BDNF production and function by proinflammatory cytokines.
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10
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Dogra D, Ahuja S, Kim HT, Rasouli SJ, Stainier DYR, Reischauer S. Opposite effects of Activin type 2 receptor ligands on cardiomyocyte proliferation during development and repair. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1902. [PMID: 29196619 PMCID: PMC5711791 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01950-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Zebrafish regenerate damaged myocardial tissue very effectively. Hence, insights into the molecular networks underlying zebrafish heart regeneration might help develop alternative strategies to restore human cardiac performance. While TGF-β signaling has been implicated in zebrafish cardiac regeneration, the role of its individual ligands remains unclear. Here, we report the opposing expression response during zebrafish heart regeneration of two genes, mstnb and inhbaa, which encode TGF-β family ligands. Using gain-of-function (GOF) and loss-of-function (LOF) approaches, we show that these ligands mediate inverse effects on cardiac regeneration and specifically on cardiomyocyte (CM) proliferation. Notably, we find that Inhbaa functions as a CM mitogen and that its overexpression leads to accelerated cardiac recovery and scar clearance after injury. In contrast, mstnb GOF and inhbaa LOF both lead to unresolved scarring after cardiac injury. We further show that Mstnb and Inhbaa inversely control Smad2 and Smad3 transcription factor activities through alternate Activin type 2 receptors. Zebrafish can regenerate damaged myocardial tissue but it is unclear how this is regulated. Here, the authors show that two TGF-β family members, Mstnb and Inhbaa, have opposite effects in regeneration, with mstnb overexpression or inhbaa loss-of-function causing cardiac scarring after injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Dogra
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Suchit Ahuja
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Hyun-Taek Kim
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - S Javad Rasouli
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Didier Y R Stainier
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231, Bad Nauheim, Germany.,Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, 94158, CA, USA
| | - Sven Reischauer
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231, Bad Nauheim, Germany. .,Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, 94158, CA, USA.
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11
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David JM, Dominguez C, McCampbell KK, Gulley JL, Schlom J, Palena C. A novel bifunctional anti-PD-L1/TGF-β Trap fusion protein (M7824) efficiently reverts mesenchymalization of human lung cancer cells. Oncoimmunology 2017; 6:e1349589. [PMID: 29123964 PMCID: PMC5665067 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2017.1349589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymalization is a cellular and molecular program in which epithelial cells progressively lose their well-differentiated phenotype and adopt mesenchymal characteristics. Tumor mesenchymalization occurs during the progression of cancer to metastatic disease, and is also associated with resistance to multiple therapeutics, including killing by cytotoxic immune cells. Furthermore, tumor cells can evade immune destruction by upregulating the checkpoint molecule PD-L1, and emerging research has found higher PD-L1 expression in mesenchymalized tumors. Here, the association between TGF-β1-mediated mesenchymalization and PD-L1 was investigated in non-small cell lung cancer cells (NSCLC). TGF-β1 was found to upregulate PD-L1 gene transcription in a Smad2-dependent manner, and a positive association between PD-L1 and phosphorylated Smad2 was found in NSCLC tumors. The potential to target these 2 negative immune regulators with a single agent was investigated using M7824, a novel clinical-stage bifunctional agent that targets both PD-L1 and TGF-β. Treatment of NSCLC cells with M7824 in vitro and in vivo attenuated features of TGF-β1-mediated mesenchymalization, including mesenchymal marker expression, proliferation suppression, and chemoresistance. These findings demonstrate that upregulation of tumor cell PD-L1 is a novel mechanism of TGF-β1-induced immunosuppression in NSCLC, and that treatment with M7824 has the potential to simultaneously block both tumor mesenchymalization and PD-L1-dependent immunosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin M David
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Charli Dominguez
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kristen K McCampbell
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - James L Gulley
- Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jeffrey Schlom
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Claudia Palena
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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12
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Zhang N, Lyu Y, Pan X, Xu L, Xuan A, He X, Huang W, Long D. miR‑146b‑5p promotes the neural conversion of pluripotent stem cells by targeting Smad4. Int J Mol Med 2017; 40:814-824. [PMID: 28713933 PMCID: PMC5548013 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.3064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) are regarded as potential sources that provide specific neural cells for cell therapy in some nervous system diseases. However, the mechanisms underlying the neural differentiation of PSCs remain largely unknown. MicroRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) are a class of small non-protein-coding RNAs that act as critical regulatory molecules in many cellular processes. In this study, we found that miR-146b-5p expression was markedly increased following the neural induction of mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) or induced PSCs (iPSCs). In this study, to further identify the role of miR-146b-5p, we generated stable miR-146b-5p- overexpressing ESC and iPSC cell lines, and induced the differentiation of these cells by the adherent monolayer culture method. In the miR-146b-5p-overexpressing ESC- or iPSC- derived cultures, RT-qPCR analysis revealed that the mRNA expression levels of neuroectoderm markers, such as Sox1, Nestin and Pax6, were markedly increased, and flow cytometric analysis verified that the number of Nestin-positive cells was higher in the miR-146b-5p-overexpressing compared with the control cells. Mechanistically, the miR-146b-5p-overexpressing ESCs or iPSCs exhibited a significant reduction in Oct4 expression, which may be an explanation for these cells having a tendency to differentiate towards the neural lineage. Moreover, we confirmed that miR-146b-5p directly targeted Smad4 and negatively regulated the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β signaling pathway, which contributed to the neural commitment of PSCs. Collectively, our findings uncover the essential role of miR-146b-5p in the neural conversion of PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nianping Zhang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511436, P.R. China
| | - Ying Lyu
- Department of Human Anatomy, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511436, P.R. China
| | - Xuebing Pan
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Health Sciences of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510180, P.R. China
| | - Liping Xu
- Department of Human Anatomy, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511436, P.R. China
| | - Aiguo Xuan
- Department of Human Anatomy, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511436, P.R. China
| | - Xiaosong He
- Department of Human Anatomy, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511436, P.R. China
| | - Wandan Huang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511436, P.R. China
| | - Dahong Long
- Department of Human Anatomy, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511436, P.R. China
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13
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Wang W, Song B, Anbarchian T, Shirazyan A, Sadik JE, Lyons KM. Smad2 and Smad3 Regulate Chondrocyte Proliferation and Differentiation in the Growth Plate. PLoS Genet 2016; 12:e1006352. [PMID: 27741240 PMCID: PMC5065210 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
TGFβs act through canonical and non-canonical pathways, and canonical signals are transduced via Smad2 and Smad3. However, the contribution of canonical vs. non-canonical pathways in cartilage is unknown because the role of Smad2 in chondrogenesis has not been investigated in vivo. Therefore, we analyzed mice in which Smad2 is deleted in cartilage (Smad2CKO), global Smad3-/- mutants, and crosses of these strains. Growth plates at birth from all mutant strains exhibited expanded columnar and hypertrophic zones, linked to increased proliferation in resting chondrocytes. Defects were more severe in Smad2CKO and Smad2CKO;Smad3-/-(Smad2/3) mutant mice than in Smad3-/- mice, demonstrating that Smad2 plays a role in chondrogenesis. Increased levels of Ihh RNA, a key regulator of chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation, were seen in prehypertrophic chondrocytes in the three mutant strains at birth. In accordance, TGFβ treatment decreased Ihh RNA levels in primary chondrocytes from control (Smad2fx/fx) mice, but inhibition was impaired in cells from mutants. Consistent with the skeletal phenotype, the impact on TGFβ-mediated inhibition of Ihh RNA expression was more severe in Smad2CKO than in Smad3-/- cells. Putative Smad2/3 binding elements (SBEs) were identified in the proximal Ihh promoter. Mutagenesis demonstrated a role for three of them. ChIP analysis suggested that Smad2 and Smad3 have different affinities for these SBEs, and that the repressors SnoN and Ski were differentially recruited by Smad2 and Smad3, respectively. Furthermore, nuclear localization of the repressor Hdac4 was decreased in growth plates of Smad2CKO and double mutant mice. TGFβ induced association of Hdac4 with Smad2, but not with Smad3, on the Ihh promoter. Overall, these studies revealed that Smad2 plays an essential role in the development of the growth plate, that both Smads 2 and 3 inhibit Ihh expression in the neonatal growth plate, and suggested they accomplish this by binding to distinct SBEs, mediating assembly of distinct repressive complexes. The cartilage growth plate regulates the size and shape of nearly every skeletal element in the body. TGFβs are potent inducers of cartilage formation, but the mechanisms by which they transduce their signals in cartilage during development are poorly understood. Similarly, there is strong evidence that dysregulation of the TGFβ pathway increases the risk for osteoarthritis (OA) in humans, but the underlying mechanisms are unknown. TGFβs transduce their signals through a canonical pathway involving Smad2 and Smad3, and through several non-canonical pathways. However, the roles of canonical vs. noncanonical signaling are unknown in cartilage because the combined roles of Smad2 and Smad3 have not been determined. We generated mice lacking both Smad2 and Smad3 in cartilage in order to determine the role of canonical TGFβ signaling during embryonic development. We determined that Smad2 has a more prominent role than Smad3 in non-hypertrophic chondrocytes in the growth plate, and identified elevated levels of Ihh RNA in neonatal cartilage in Smad2 and Smad3 mutants. These findings may be important because Ihh is a vital regulator of cartilage proliferation and differentiation during cartilage development. More generally, the studies identify how Smad2 and Smad3 can regulate a common target gene through distinct mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiguang Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Buer Song
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Teni Anbarchian
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Anna Shirazyan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Joshua E. Sadik
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Karen M. Lyons
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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14
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Liu L, Liu X, Ren X, Tian Y, Chen Z, Xu X, Du Y, Jiang C, Fang Y, Liu Z, Fan B, Zhang Q, Jin G, Yang X, Zhang X. Smad2 and Smad3 have differential sensitivity in relaying TGFβ signaling and inversely regulate early lineage specification. Sci Rep 2016; 6:21602. [PMID: 26905010 PMCID: PMC4764856 DOI: 10.1038/srep21602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) related signaling is one of the most important signaling pathways regulating early developmental events. Smad2 and Smad3 are structurally similar and it is mostly considered that they are equally important in mediating TGFβ signals. Here, we show that Smad3 is an insensitive TGFβ transducer as compared with Smad2. Smad3 preferentially localizes within the nucleus and is thus sequestered from membrane signaling. The ability of Smad3 in oligomerization with Smad4 upon agonist stimulation is also impaired given its unique linker region. Smad2 mediated TGFβ signaling plays a crucial role in epiblast development and patterning of three germ layers. However, signaling unrelated nuclear localized Smad3 is dispensable for TGFβ signaling-mediated epiblast specification, but important for early neural development, an event blocked by TGFβ/Smad2 signaling. Both Smad2 and Smad3 bind to the conserved Smads binding element (SBE), but they show nonoverlapped target gene binding specificity and differential transcriptional activity. We conclude that Smad2 and Smad3 possess differential sensitivities in relaying TGFβ signaling and have distinct roles in regulating early developmental events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Liu
- Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, and Neuroregeneration Key Laboratory of Shanghai Universities, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China.,Tongji University Advanced Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xu Liu
- Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, and Neuroregeneration Key Laboratory of Shanghai Universities, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xudong Ren
- Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, and Neuroregeneration Key Laboratory of Shanghai Universities, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yue Tian
- Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, and Neuroregeneration Key Laboratory of Shanghai Universities, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Zhenyu Chen
- Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, and Neuroregeneration Key Laboratory of Shanghai Universities, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xiangjie Xu
- Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, and Neuroregeneration Key Laboratory of Shanghai Universities, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yanhua Du
- The School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092
| | - Cizhong Jiang
- The School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092
| | - Yujiang Fang
- Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, and Neuroregeneration Key Laboratory of Shanghai Universities, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Zhongliang Liu
- Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, and Neuroregeneration Key Laboratory of Shanghai Universities, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Beibei Fan
- Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, and Neuroregeneration Key Laboratory of Shanghai Universities, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Quanbin Zhang
- Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, and Neuroregeneration Key Laboratory of Shanghai Universities, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Guohua Jin
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, the Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Genetic Laboratory of Development and Diseases, Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Xiaoqing Zhang
- Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, and Neuroregeneration Key Laboratory of Shanghai Universities, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China.,Tongji University Advanced Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China.,The Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
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15
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Santos MCT, Tegge AN, Correa BR, Mahesula S, Kohnke LQ, Qiao M, Ferreira MAR, Kokovay E, Penalva LOF. miR-124, -128, and -137 Orchestrate Neural Differentiation by Acting on Overlapping Gene Sets Containing a Highly Connected Transcription Factor Network. Stem Cells 2015; 34:220-32. [PMID: 26369286 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The ventricular-subventricular zone harbors neural stem cells (NSCs) that can differentiate into neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes. This process requires loss of stem cell properties and gain of characteristics associated with differentiated cells. miRNAs function as important drivers of this transition; miR-124, -128, and -137 are among the most relevant ones and have been shown to share commonalities and act as proneurogenic regulators. We conducted biological and genomic analyses to dissect their target repertoire during neurogenesis and tested the hypothesis that they act cooperatively to promote differentiation. To map their target genes, we transfected NSCs with antagomiRs and analyzed differences in their mRNA profile throughout differentiation with respect to controls. This strategy led to the identification of 910 targets for miR-124, 216 for miR-128, and 652 for miR-137. The target sets show extensive overlap. Inspection by gene ontology and network analysis indicated that transcription factors are a major component of these miRNAs target sets. Moreover, several of these transcription factors form a highly interconnected network. Sp1 was determined to be the main node of this network and was further investigated. Our data suggest that miR-124, -128, and -137 act synergistically to regulate Sp1 expression. Sp1 levels are dramatically reduced as cells differentiate and silencing of its expression reduced neuronal production and affected NSC viability and proliferation. In summary, our results show that miRNAs can act cooperatively and synergistically to regulate complex biological processes like neurogenesis and that transcription factors are heavily targeted to branch out their regulatory effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márcia C T Santos
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA.,Children's Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Allison N Tegge
- Department of Computer Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA.,Department of Statistics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Bruna R Correa
- Children's Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA.,Centro de Oncologia Molecular, Hospital Sírio-Libanês, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Swetha Mahesula
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Luana Q Kohnke
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA.,Children's Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Mei Qiao
- Children's Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | | | - Erzsebet Kokovay
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Luiz O F Penalva
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA.,Children's Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
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16
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TGF-β Negatively Regulates CXCL1 Chemokine Expression in Mammary Fibroblasts through Enhancement of Smad2/3 and Suppression of HGF/c-Met Signaling Mechanisms. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0135063. [PMID: 26252654 PMCID: PMC4529193 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0135063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibroblasts are major cellular components of the breast cancer stroma, and influence the growth, survival and invasion of epithelial cells. Compared to normal tissue fibroblasts, carcinoma associated fibroblasts (CAFs) show increased expression of numerous soluble factors including growth factors and cytokines. However, the mechanisms regulating expression of these factors remain poorly understood. Recent studies have shown that breast CAFs overexpress the chemokine CXCL1, a key regulator of tumor invasion and chemo-resistance. Increased expression of CXCL1 in CAFs correlated with poor patient prognosis, and was associated with decreased expression of TGF-β signaling components. The goal of these studies was to understand the role of TGF-β in regulating CXCL1 expression in CAFs, using cell culture and biochemical approaches. We found that TGF-β treatment decreased CXCL1 expression in CAFs, through Smad2/3 dependent mechanisms. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and site-directed mutagenesis assays revealed two new binding sites in the CXCL1 promoter important for Smad2/3 modulation of CXCL1 expression. Smad2/3 proteins also negatively regulated expression of Hepatocyte Growth Factor (HGF), which was found to positively regulate CXCL1 expression in CAFs through c-Met receptor dependent mechanisms. HGF/c-Met signaling in CAFs was required for activity of NF-κB, a transcriptional activator of CXCL1 expression. These studies indicate that TGF-β negatively regulates CXCL1 expression in CAFs through Smad2/3 binding to the promoter, and through suppression of HGF/c-Met autocrine signaling. These studies reveal novel insight into how TGF-β and HGF, key tumor promoting factors modulate CXCL1 chemokine expression in CAFs.
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17
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Radice PD, Mathieu P, Leal MC, Farías MI, Ferrari C, Puntel M, Salibe M, Chernomoretz A, Pitossi FJ. Fibulin-2 is a key mediator of the pro-neurogenic effect of TGF-beta1 on adult neural stem cells. Mol Cell Neurosci 2015; 67:75-83. [PMID: 26051800 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2015.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Revised: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-beta1), an anti-inflammatory cytokine, has been shown to have pro-neurogenic effects on adult Neural Stem Cells (aNSC) from the dentate gyrus and in vivo models. Here, we expanded the observation of the pro-neurogenic effect of TGF-beta1 on aNSC from the subventricular zone (SVZ) of adult rats and performed a functional genomic analysis to identify candidate genes to mediate its effect. 10 candidate genes were identified by microarray analysis and further validated by qRT-PCR. Of these, Fibulin-2 was increased 477-fold and its inhibition by siRNA blocks TGF-beta1 pro-neurogenic effect. Curiously, Fibulin-2 was not expressed by aNSC but by a GFAP-positive population in the culture, suggesting an indirect mechanism of action. TGF-beta1 also induced Fibulin-2 in the SVZ in vivo. Interestingly, 5 out of the 10 candidate genes identified are known to interact with integrins, paving the way for exploring their functional role in adult neurogenesis. In conclusion, we have identified 10 genes with putative pro-neurogenic effects, 5 of them related to integrins and provided proof that Fibulin-2 is a major mediator of the pro-neurogenic effects of TGF-beta1. These data should contribute to further exploring the molecular mechanism of adult neurogenesis of the genes identified and the involvement of the integrin pathway on adult neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Daniel Radice
- Leloir Institute Foundation, Institute for Biochemical Research of Buenos Aires - IIBBA CONICET, Patricias Argentinas 435, 1405 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Patricia Mathieu
- Leloir Institute Foundation, Institute for Biochemical Research of Buenos Aires - IIBBA CONICET, Patricias Argentinas 435, 1405 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Celeste Leal
- Leloir Institute Foundation, Institute for Biochemical Research of Buenos Aires - IIBBA CONICET, Patricias Argentinas 435, 1405 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Isabel Farías
- Leloir Institute Foundation, Institute for Biochemical Research of Buenos Aires - IIBBA CONICET, Patricias Argentinas 435, 1405 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carina Ferrari
- Italian Hospital, Juan D. Perón 4190, 1181 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariana Puntel
- Leloir Institute Foundation, Institute for Biochemical Research of Buenos Aires - IIBBA CONICET, Patricias Argentinas 435, 1405 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariano Salibe
- Leloir Institute Foundation, Institute for Biochemical Research of Buenos Aires - IIBBA CONICET, Patricias Argentinas 435, 1405 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ariel Chernomoretz
- Leloir Institute Foundation, Institute for Biochemical Research of Buenos Aires - IIBBA CONICET, Patricias Argentinas 435, 1405 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fernando Juan Pitossi
- Leloir Institute Foundation, Institute for Biochemical Research of Buenos Aires - IIBBA CONICET, Patricias Argentinas 435, 1405 Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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18
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Casari A, Schiavone M, Facchinello N, Vettori A, Meyer D, Tiso N, Moro E, Argenton F. A Smad3 transgenic reporter reveals TGF-beta control of zebrafish spinal cord development. Dev Biol 2014; 396:81-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2014.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Revised: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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19
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Dutta DJ, Zameer A, Mariani JN, Zhang J, Asp L, Huynh J, Mahase S, Laitman BM, Argaw AT, Mitiku N, Urbanski M, Melendez-Vasquez CV, Casaccia P, Hayot F, Bottinger EP, Brown CW, John GR. Combinatorial actions of Tgfβ and Activin ligands promote oligodendrocyte development and CNS myelination. Development 2014; 141:2414-28. [PMID: 24917498 DOI: 10.1242/dev.106492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
In the embryonic CNS, development of myelin-forming oligodendrocytes is limited by bone morphogenetic proteins, which constitute one arm of the transforming growth factor-β (Tgfβ) family and signal canonically via Smads 1/5/8. Tgfβ ligands and Activins comprise the other arm and signal via Smads 2/3, but their roles in oligodendrocyte development are incompletely characterized. Here, we report that Tgfβ ligands and activin B (ActB) act in concert in the mammalian spinal cord to promote oligodendrocyte generation and myelination. In mouse neural tube, newly specified oligodendrocyte progenitors (OLPs) are first exposed to Tgfβ ligands in isolation, then later in combination with ActB during maturation. In primary OLP cultures, Tgfβ1 and ActB differentially activate canonical Smad3 and non-canonical MAP kinase signaling. Both ligands enhance viability, and Tgfβ1 promotes proliferation while ActB supports maturation. Importantly, co-treatment strongly activates both signaling pathways, producing an additive effect on viability and enhancing both proliferation and differentiation such that mature oligodendrocyte numbers are substantially increased. Co-treatment promotes myelination in OLP-neuron co-cultures, and maturing oligodendrocytes in spinal cord white matter display strong Smad3 and MAP kinase activation. In spinal cords of ActB-deficient Inhbb(-/-) embryos, apoptosis in the oligodendrocyte lineage is increased and OLP numbers transiently reduced, but numbers, maturation and myelination recover during the first postnatal week. Smad3(-/-) mice display a more severe phenotype, including diminished viability and proliferation, persistently reduced mature and immature cell numbers, and delayed myelination. Collectively, these findings suggest that, in mammalian spinal cord, Tgfβ ligands and ActB together support oligodendrocyte development and myelin formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipankar J Dutta
- Neurology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA Corinne Goldsmith Dickinson Center for MS, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA Friedman Brain Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Andleeb Zameer
- Neurology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA Corinne Goldsmith Dickinson Center for MS, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA Friedman Brain Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - John N Mariani
- Neurology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA Corinne Goldsmith Dickinson Center for MS, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA Friedman Brain Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Jingya Zhang
- Neurology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA Corinne Goldsmith Dickinson Center for MS, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA Friedman Brain Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Linnea Asp
- Neurology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA Corinne Goldsmith Dickinson Center for MS, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA Friedman Brain Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Jimmy Huynh
- Corinne Goldsmith Dickinson Center for MS, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA Friedman Brain Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA Neuroscience, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Sean Mahase
- Neurology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA Corinne Goldsmith Dickinson Center for MS, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA Friedman Brain Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Benjamin M Laitman
- Neurology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA Corinne Goldsmith Dickinson Center for MS, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA Friedman Brain Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Azeb Tadesse Argaw
- Neurology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA Corinne Goldsmith Dickinson Center for MS, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA Friedman Brain Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Nesanet Mitiku
- Neurology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA Corinne Goldsmith Dickinson Center for MS, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA Friedman Brain Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | | | | | - Patrizia Casaccia
- Corinne Goldsmith Dickinson Center for MS, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA Friedman Brain Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA Neuroscience, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Fernand Hayot
- Neurology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA Friedman Brain Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA Systems Biology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Erwin P Bottinger
- Nephrology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Chester W Brown
- Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Gareth R John
- Neurology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA Corinne Goldsmith Dickinson Center for MS, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA Friedman Brain Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
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20
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Sanz AL, Míguez DG. Dual R-Smads interplay in the regulation of vertebrate neurogenesis. NEUROGENESIS 2014. [DOI: 10.4161/neur.29529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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21
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Míguez DG, Gil-Guiñón E, Pons S, Martí E. Smad2 and Smad3 cooperate and antagonize simultaneously in vertebrate neurogenesis. Development 2014. [DOI: 10.1242/dev.106617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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