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Takada H, Sasagawa Y, Yoshimura M, Tanaka K, Iwayama Y, Hayashi T, Isomura-Matoba A, Nikaido I, Kurisaki A. Author Correction: Single-cell transcriptomics uncovers EGFR signaling-mediated gastric progenitor cell differentiation in stomach homeostasis. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6540. [PMID: 37848419 PMCID: PMC10582243 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41823-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hitomi Takada
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Technologies, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara, Japan
| | - Yohei Sasagawa
- Laboratory for Bioinformatics Research, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Wako, Saitama, Japan
- Department of Functional Genome Informatics, Biological Data Science, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mika Yoshimura
- Laboratory for Bioinformatics Research, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kaori Tanaka
- Laboratory for Bioinformatics Research, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Iwayama
- Laboratory for Bioinformatics Research, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Wako, Saitama, Japan
- Department of Functional Genome Informatics, Biological Data Science, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsutaro Hayashi
- Laboratory for Bioinformatics Research, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Ayako Isomura-Matoba
- Laboratory for Bioinformatics Research, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Itoshi Nikaido
- Laboratory for Bioinformatics Research, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Wako, Saitama, Japan.
- Department of Functional Genome Informatics, Biological Data Science, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan.
- Master's/Doctoral Program in Life Science Innovation (Bioinformatics), Degree Programs in Systems and Information Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
| | - Akira Kurisaki
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Technologies, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara, Japan.
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Takada H, Sasagawa Y, Yoshimura M, Tanaka K, Iwayama Y, Hayashi T, Isomura-Matoba A, Nikaido I, Kurisaki A. Single-cell transcriptomics uncovers EGFR signaling-mediated gastric progenitor cell differentiation in stomach homeostasis. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3750. [PMID: 37386010 PMCID: PMC10310803 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39113-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Defects in gastric progenitor cell differentiation are associated with various gastric disorders, including atrophic gastritis, intestinal metaplasia, and gastric cancer. However, the mechanisms underlying the multilineage differentiation of gastric progenitor cells during healthy homeostasis remain poorly understood. Here, using a single-cell RNA sequencing method, Quartz-Seq2, we analyzed the gene expression dynamics of progenitor cell differentiation toward pit cell, neck cell, and parietal cell lineages in healthy adult mouse corpus tissues. Enrichment analysis of pseudotime-dependent genes and a gastric organoid assay revealed that EGFR-ERK signaling promotes pit cell differentiation, whereas NF-κB signaling maintains gastric progenitor cells in an undifferentiated state. In addition, pharmacological inhibition of EGFR in vivo resulted in a decreased number of pit cells. Although activation of EGFR signaling in gastric progenitor cells has been suggested as one of the major inducers of gastric cancers, our findings unexpectedly identified that EGFR signaling exerts a differentiation-promoting function, not a mitogenic function, in normal gastric homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitomi Takada
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Technologies, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara, Japan
| | - Yohei Sasagawa
- Laboratory for Bioinformatics Research, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Wako, Saitama, Japan
- Department of Functional Genome Informatics, Biological Data Science, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mika Yoshimura
- Laboratory for Bioinformatics Research, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kaori Tanaka
- Laboratory for Bioinformatics Research, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Iwayama
- Laboratory for Bioinformatics Research, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Wako, Saitama, Japan
- Department of Functional Genome Informatics, Biological Data Science, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsutaro Hayashi
- Laboratory for Bioinformatics Research, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Ayako Isomura-Matoba
- Laboratory for Bioinformatics Research, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Itoshi Nikaido
- Laboratory for Bioinformatics Research, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Wako, Saitama, Japan.
- Department of Functional Genome Informatics, Biological Data Science, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan.
- Master's/Doctoral Program in Life Science Innovation (Bioinformatics), Degree Programs in Systems and Information Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
| | - Akira Kurisaki
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Technologies, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara, Japan.
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Nishie T, Ohta Y, Shirai E, Higaki S, Shimozawa N, Narita K, Kawaguchi K, Tanaka H, Mori C, Tanaka T, Hirabayashi M, Suemori H, Kurisaki A, Tooyama I, Asano S, Takeda S, Takada T. Identification of TEKTIN1-expressing multiciliated cells during spontaneous differentiation of non-human primate embryonic stem cells. Genes Cells 2023. [PMID: 37186436 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.13031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Tektins are a group of microtubule-stabilizing proteins necessary for cilia and flagella assembly. TEKTIN1 (TEKT1) is used as a sperm marker for monitoring germ cell differentiation in embryonic stem (ES) and induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells. Although upregulation of TEKT1 has been reported during spontaneous differentiation of ES and iPS cells, it is unclear which cells express TEKT1. To identify TEKT1-expressing cells, we established an ES cell line derived from cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis), which expresses Venus controlled by the TEKT1 promoter. Venus expression was detected at 5 weeks of differentiation on the surface of the embryoid body (EB), and it gradually increased with the concomitant formation of a leash-like structure at the EB periphery. Motile cilia were observed on the surface of the Venus-positive leash-like structure after 8 weeks of differentiation. The expression of cilia markers as well as TEKT1-5 and 9 + 2 microtubule structures, which are characteristic of motile cilia, were detected in Venus-positive cells. These results demonstrated that TEKT1-expressing cells are multiciliated epithelial-like cells that form a leash-like structure during the spontaneous differentiation of ES and iPS cells. These findings will provide a new research strategy for studying cilia biology, including ciliogenesis and ciliopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomomi Nishie
- Laboratory of Cell Engineering, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Yoshio Ohta
- Laboratory of Cell Engineering, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Emi Shirai
- Laboratory of Cell Engineering, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Shogo Higaki
- Laboratory of Cell Engineering, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Shimozawa
- Tsukuba Primate Research Center, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Keishi Narita
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Kotoku Kawaguchi
- Department of Molecular Physiology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Tanaka
- Department of Anatomy, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Itabashi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chika Mori
- Laboratory of Cell Engineering, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Taiga Tanaka
- Laboratory of Cell Engineering, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Masumi Hirabayashi
- Center for Genetic Analysis of Behavior, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Suemori
- Center for Human ES Cell Research, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akira Kurisaki
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara, Japan
| | - Ikuo Tooyama
- Molecular Neuroscience Research Center and Medical Innovation Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
| | - Shinji Asano
- Department of Molecular Physiology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Sén Takeda
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
- Department of Anatomy, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Itabashi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuyuki Takada
- Laboratory of Cell Engineering, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
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Mashiko T, Tsukada K, Takada H, Wu SH, Kanayama K, Asahi R, Mori M, Kurisaki A, Oka S, Yoshimura K. Genetic and cytometric analyses of subcutaneous adipose tissue in patients with hemophilia and HIV-associated lipodystrophy. AIDS Res Ther 2022; 19:14. [PMID: 35246167 PMCID: PMC8895510 DOI: 10.1186/s12981-022-00432-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The authors recently performed plastic surgeries for a small number of patients with hemophilia, HIV infection, and morphologic evidence of lipodystrophy. Because the pathophysiological mechanism of HIV-associated lipodystrophy remains to be elucidated, we analyzed subcutaneous adipose tissues from the patients. Methods All six patients had previously been treated with older nucleoside analogue reverse-transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs; stavudine, didanosine or zidovudine). Abdominal and inguinal subcutaneous fat samples were obtained from the HIV+ patients with hemophilia and HIV− healthy volunteers (n = 6 per group), and analyzed via DNA microarray, real-time PCR, flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry. Results The time from initial NRTI treatment to collecting samples were 21.7 years in average. Cytometric analysis revealed infiltration of inflammatory M1 macrophages into HIV-infected adipose tissue and depletion of adipose-derived stem cells, possibly due to exhaustion following sustained adipocyte death. Genetic analysis revealed that adipose tissue from HIV+ group had increased immune activation, mitochondrial toxicity, chronic inflammation, progressive fibrosis and adipocyte dysfunction (e.g. insulin resistance, inhibited adipocyte differentiation and accelerated apoptosis). Of note, both triglyceride synthesis and lipolysis were inhibited in adipose tissue from patients with HIV. Conclusions Our findings provide important insights into the pathogenesis of HIV-associated lipodystrophy, suggesting that fat redistribution may critically depend on adipocytes’ sensitivity to drug-induced mitochondrial toxicity, which may lead either to atrophy or metabolic complications. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12981-022-00432-9.
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Miyazono KI, Ito T, Fukatsu Y, Wada H, Kurisaki A, Tanokura M. Structural basis for transcriptional coactivator recognition by SMAD2 in TGF-β signaling. Sci Signal 2020; 13:13/662/eabb9043. [PMID: 33323411 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.abb9043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) proteins regulate multiple cellular functions, including cell proliferation, apoptosis, and extracellular matrix formation. The dysregulation of TGF-β signaling causes diseases such as cancer and fibrosis, and therefore, understanding the biochemical basis of TGF-β signal transduction is important for elucidating pathogenic mechanisms in these diseases. SMAD proteins are transcription factors that mediate TGF-β signaling-dependent gene expression. The transcriptional coactivator CBP directly interacts with the MH2 domains of SMAD2 to activate SMAD complex-dependent gene expression. Here, we report the structural basis for CBP recognition by SMAD2. The crystal structures of the SMAD2 MH2 domain in complex with the SMAD2-binding region of CBP showed that CBP forms an amphiphilic helix on the hydrophobic surface of SMAD2. The expression of a mutated CBP peptide that showed increased SMAD2 binding repressed SMAD2-dependent gene expression in response to TGF-β signaling in cultured cells. Disrupting the interaction between SMAD2 and CBP may therefore be a promising strategy for suppressing SMAD-dependent gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken-Ichi Miyazono
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Tomoko Ito
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Yui Fukatsu
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Hikaru Wada
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Akira Kurisaki
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Masaru Tanokura
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.
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Kanayama K, Takada H, Saito N, Kato H, Kinoshita K, Shirado T, Mashiko T, Asahi R, Mori M, Tashiro K, Sunaga A, Kurisaki A, Yoshizato K, Yoshimura K. Hair Regeneration Potential of Human Dermal Sheath Cells Cultured Under Physiological Oxygen. Tissue Eng Part A 2020; 26:1147-1157. [PMID: 32408803 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2019.0329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the effect of oxygen tension on the proliferation and hair-inductive capacity of human dermal papilla cells (DPCs) and dermal sheath cells (DSCs). DPCs and DSCs were separately obtained from human hair follicles and each cultured under atmospheric/hyperoxic (20% O2), physiological/normoxic (6% O2), or hypoxic (1% O2) conditions. Proliferation of DPCs and DSCs was highest under normoxia. Compared with hyperoxia, hypoxia inhibited proliferation of DPCs, but enhanced that of DSCs. In DPCs, hypoxia downregulated the expression of hair-inductive capacity-related genes, including BMP4, LEF1, SOX2, and VCAN. In DSCs, both normoxia and hypoxia upregulated SOX2 expression, whereas hypoxia downregulated BMP4 expression. Microarray analysis revealed that normoxia increased the expression of pluripotency-related genes, including SPRY, NR0B1, MSX2, IFITM1, and DAZL, compared with hyperoxia. In an in vivo hair follicle reconstitution assay, cultured DPCs and DSCs were transplanted with newborn mouse epidermal keratinocytes into nude mice using a chamber method. In this experiment, normoxia resulted in the most efficient induction of DPC hair follicles, whereas hypoxia caused the most efficient induction and maturation of DSC hair follicles. These results suggest that application of physiological/hypoxic oxygen tension to cultured human DSCs enhances proliferation and maintenance of hair inductivity for skin engineering and clinical applications. Impact statement Dermal sheath cells (DSCs) and dermal papilla cells (DPCs) are useful cell sources for cell-based regenerative therapy. This is the first report to describe that low-oxygen conditions are better for DSCs. Normoxic and hypoxic culture of DSCs is beneficial for expanding these hair follicular cells and advancing development of cell-based therapy for both wound healing and hair regeneration. The current study supports that optimized oxygen tension can be applied to use expanded human DPCs and DSCs for skin engineering and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Kanayama
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke City, Japan.,Department of Plastic Surgery, The University of Tokyo School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hitomi Takada
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Technology, Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma City, Japan
| | - Natsumi Saito
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke City, Japan
| | - Harunosuke Kato
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke City, Japan
| | - Kahori Kinoshita
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The University of Tokyo School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takako Shirado
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke City, Japan
| | - Takanobu Mashiko
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke City, Japan.,Department of Plastic Surgery, The University of Tokyo School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rintaro Asahi
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke City, Japan
| | - Masanori Mori
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke City, Japan
| | - Kensuke Tashiro
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke City, Japan
| | - Ataru Sunaga
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke City, Japan
| | - Akira Kurisaki
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Technology, Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma City, Japan
| | - Katsutoshi Yoshizato
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke City, Japan.,Synthetic Biology Laboratory, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kotaro Yoshimura
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke City, Japan
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Miyazono KI, Ohno Y, Wada H, Ito T, Fukatsu Y, Kurisaki A, Asashima M, Tanokura M. Structural basis for receptor-regulated SMAD recognition by MAN1. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 46:12139-12153. [PMID: 30321401 PMCID: PMC6294489 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gky925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Receptor-regulated SMAD (R-SMAD: SMAD1, SMAD2, SMAD3, SMAD5 and SMAD8) proteins are key transcription factors of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily of cytokines. MAN1, an integral protein of the inner nuclear membrane, is a SMAD cofactor that terminates TGF-β superfamily signals. Heterozygous loss-of-function mutations in MAN1 result in osteopoikilosis, Buschke-Ollendorff syndrome and melorheostosis. MAN1 interacts with MAD homology 2 (MH2) domains of R-SMAD proteins using its C-terminal U2AF homology motif (UHM) domain and UHM ligand motif (ULM) and facilitates R-SMAD dephosphorylation. Here, we report the structural basis for R-SMAD recognition by MAN1. The SMAD2–MAN1 and SMAD1–MAN1 complex structures show that an intramolecular UHM–ULM interaction of MAN1 forms a hydrophobic surface that interacts with a hydrophobic surface among the H2 helix, the strands β8 and β9, and the L3 loop of the MH2 domains of R-SMAD proteins. The complex structures also show the mechanism by which SMAD cofactors distinguish R-SMAD proteins that possess a highly conserved molecular surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken-Ichi Miyazono
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Yosuke Ohno
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Hikaru Wada
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Tomoko Ito
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Yui Fukatsu
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara, Japan
| | - Akira Kurisaki
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara, Japan.,Biotechnology Research Institute for Drug Discovery (BRD), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Makoto Asashima
- Biotechnology Research Institute for Drug Discovery (BRD), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Masaru Tanokura
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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Sekiyama K, Ushiro Y, Kurisaki A, Funaba M, Hashimoto O. Activin E enhances insulin sensitivity and thermogenesis by activating brown/beige adipocytes. J Vet Med Sci 2019; 81:646-652. [PMID: 30880304 PMCID: PMC6541856 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.19-0036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Activin E, a secreted peptide encoded by the inhibin/activin βE subunit gene, is a member of the transforming growth factor-β superfamily, which is predominantly expressed in the liver. Recent reports have suggested that activin E plays a role in energy homeostasis as a hepatokine. Here, using transgenic mice overexpressing activin E under the control of the β-actin promoter, we demonstrate that activin E controls energy metabolism through brown/beige adipocytes. The glucose tolerance test and insulin tolerance test showed that the insulin sensitivity was improved in the transgenic mice. Furthermore, the mice had a high body temperature compared with wild-type mice. The transgenic brown adipose tissue and mesenteric white adipose tissue showed upregulation of uncoupling protein 1, which enables energy dissipation as heat by uncoupling oxidative phosphorylation from ATP production. Present results indicate that activin E activates energy expenditure through brown/beige adipocyte activation, suggesting that activin E has high potential for obesity therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazunari Sekiyama
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, School of Veterinary Medicine, Towada, Aomori 034-8628, Japan.,Laboratory of Neuropathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Kamikitazawa, Setagaya, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - Yuuki Ushiro
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, School of Veterinary Medicine, Towada, Aomori 034-8628, Japan
| | - Akira Kurisaki
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Stem Cell Technology Laboratory, Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Masayuki Funaba
- Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwakecho, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Osamu Hashimoto
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, School of Veterinary Medicine, Towada, Aomori 034-8628, Japan
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Suehara Y, Kohsaka S, Kurisaki A, Akaike K, Hayashi T, Mogushi K, Okubo T, Kim Y, Sato S, Kobayashi E, Kaneko K, Mano H, Saito T. Comprehensive mRNA-based screen for tyrosine kinase fusions and a de novo alternative transcription initiation site in soft tissue sarcomas. Ann Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdy443.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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10
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Hashimoto O, Funaba M, Sekiyama K, Doi S, Shindo D, Satoh R, Itoi H, Oiwa H, Morita M, Suzuki C, Sugiyama M, Yamakawa N, Takada H, Matsumura S, Inoue K, Oyadomari S, Sugino H, Kurisaki A. Activin E Controls Energy Homeostasis in Both Brown and White Adipose Tissues as a Hepatokine. Cell Rep 2018; 25:1193-1203. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
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Le MNT, Takahi M, Maruyama K, Kurisaki A, Ohnuma K. Cardiac differentiation at an initial low density of human-induced pluripotent stem cells. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2018; 54:513-522. [PMID: 29967976 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-018-0276-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A high density of human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) improves the efficiency of cardiac differentiation, suggesting the existence of indispensable cell-cell interaction signals. The complexity of interactions among cells at high density hinders the understanding of the roles of cell signals. In this study, we determined the minimum cell density that can initiate differentiation to facilitate cell-cell interaction studies. First, we co-induced cardiac differentiation in the presence of the glycogen synthase kinase-3β inhibitor CHIR99021 and activin A at various cell densities. At an initial low density, cells died within a few days in RPMI-based medium. We then investigated the culture conditions required to maintain cell viability. We used a basal medium excluding important components for the maintenance of hiPSC pluripotency, including activin A, basic fibroblast growth factor, and insulin. Supplementation of the basal medium with Rho-associated protein kinase inhibitor and insulin improved cell viability. Interestingly, addition of basic fibroblast growth factor enabled the expression of cardiac markers at the mRNA level but not the protein level. After further modification of the culture conditions, 10% of the cells expressed the cardiac troponin T protein, which is associated with cell contraction. The novel protocol for cardiac differentiation at an initial low cell density can also be used to evaluate high cell density conditions. The findings will facilitate the identification of cell signals required for cardiomyocyte formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minh Nguyen Tuyet Le
- Department of Bioengineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, 1603-1 Kamitomioka, Nagaoka, Niigata, 940-2188, Japan
| | - Mika Takahi
- Department of Bioengineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, 1603-1 Kamitomioka, Nagaoka, Niigata, 940-2188, Japan
| | - Kenshiro Maruyama
- Department of Science of Technology Innovation, Nagaoka University of Technology, 1603-1 Kamitomioka, Nagaoka, Niigata, 940-2188, Japan
| | - Akira Kurisaki
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192, Japan.,Biotechnology Research Institute for Drug Discovery, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Ibaraki, 305-8560, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Ohnuma
- Department of Bioengineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, 1603-1 Kamitomioka, Nagaoka, Niigata, 940-2188, Japan. .,Department of Science of Technology Innovation, Nagaoka University of Technology, 1603-1 Kamitomioka, Nagaoka, Niigata, 940-2188, Japan.
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12
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Miyazono KI, Moriwaki S, Ito T, Kurisaki A, Asashima M, Tanokura M. Hydrophobic patches on SMAD2 and SMAD3 determine selective binding to cofactors. Sci Signal 2018; 11:11/523/eaao7227. [PMID: 29588413 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aao7227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily of cytokines regulates various biological processes, including cell proliferation, immune responses, autophagy, and senescence. Dysregulation of TGF-β signaling causes various diseases, such as cancer and fibrosis. SMAD2 and SMAD3 are core transcription factors involved in TGF-β signaling, and they form heterotrimeric complexes with SMAD4 (SMAD2-SMAD2-SMAD4, SMAD3-SMAD3-SMAD4, and SMAD2-SMAD3-SMAD4) in response to TGF-β signaling. These heterotrimeric complexes interact with cofactors to control the expression of TGF-β-dependent genes. SMAD2 and SMAD3 may promote or repress target genes depending on whether they form complexes with other transcription factors, coactivators, or corepressors; therefore, the selection of specific cofactors is critical for the appropriate activity of these transcription factors. To reveal the structural basis by which SMAD2 and SMAD3 select cofactors, we determined the crystal structures of SMAD3 in complex with the transcription factor FOXH1 and SMAD2 in complex with the transcriptional corepressor SKI. The structures of the complexes show that the MAD homology 2 (MH2) domains of SMAD2 and SMAD3 have multiple hydrophobic patches on their surfaces. The cofactors tether to various subsets of these patches to interact with SMAD2 and SMAD3 in a cooperative or competitive manner to control the output of TGF-β signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken-Ichi Miyazono
- Laboratory of Basic Science on Healthy Longevity, Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Saho Moriwaki
- Laboratory of Basic Science on Healthy Longevity, Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Tomoko Ito
- Laboratory of Basic Science on Healthy Longevity, Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Akira Kurisaki
- Biotechnology Research Institute for Drug Discovery, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Ibaraki 305-8560, Japan.,Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Makoto Asashima
- Biotechnology Research Institute for Drug Discovery, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Ibaraki 305-8560, Japan
| | - Masaru Tanokura
- Laboratory of Basic Science on Healthy Longevity, Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.
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13
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Sasagawa Y, Danno H, Takada H, Ebisawa M, Tanaka K, Hayashi T, Kurisaki A, Nikaido I. Quartz-Seq2: a high-throughput single-cell RNA-sequencing method that effectively uses limited sequence reads. Genome Biol 2018; 19:29. [PMID: 29523163 PMCID: PMC5845169 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-018-1407-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
High-throughput single-cell RNA-seq methods assign limited unique molecular identifier (UMI) counts as gene expression values to single cells from shallow sequence reads and detect limited gene counts. We thus developed a high-throughput single-cell RNA-seq method, Quartz-Seq2, to overcome these issues. Our improvements in the reaction steps make it possible to effectively convert initial reads to UMI counts, at a rate of 30-50%, and detect more genes. To demonstrate the power of Quartz-Seq2, we analyzed approximately 10,000 transcriptomes from in vitro embryonic stem cells and an in vivo stromal vascular fraction with a limited number of reads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Sasagawa
- Bioinformatics Research Unit, Advanced Center for Computing and Communication, RIKEN, Hirosawa 2-1, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hiroki Danno
- Bioinformatics Research Unit, Advanced Center for Computing and Communication, RIKEN, Hirosawa 2-1, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hitomi Takada
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Technology, Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Takayama-cho 8916-5, Ikoma, Nara, Japan
| | - Masashi Ebisawa
- Bioinformatics Research Unit, Advanced Center for Computing and Communication, RIKEN, Hirosawa 2-1, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kaori Tanaka
- Bioinformatics Research Unit, Advanced Center for Computing and Communication, RIKEN, Hirosawa 2-1, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Tetsutaro Hayashi
- Bioinformatics Research Unit, Advanced Center for Computing and Communication, RIKEN, Hirosawa 2-1, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Akira Kurisaki
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Technology, Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Takayama-cho 8916-5, Ikoma, Nara, Japan
| | - Itoshi Nikaido
- Bioinformatics Research Unit, Advanced Center for Computing and Communication, RIKEN, Hirosawa 2-1, Wako, Saitama, Japan
- Single-cell Omics Research Unit, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, 2-2-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Japan
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14
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Mashiko T, Takada H, Wu SH, Kanayama K, Feng J, Tashiro K, Asahi R, Sunaga A, Hoshi K, Kurisaki A, Takato T, Yoshimura K. Therapeutic effects of a recombinant human collagen peptide bioscaffold with human adipose-derived stem cells on impaired wound healing after radiotherapy. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2018; 12:1186-1194. [PMID: 29377539 DOI: 10.1002/term.2647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2017] [Revised: 11/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Chronic changes following radiotherapy include alterations in tissue-resident stem cells and vasculatures, which can lead to impaired wound healing. In this study, novel recombinant human collagen peptide (rhCP) scaffolds were evaluated as a biomaterial carrier for cellular regenerative therapy. Human adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs) were successfully cultured on rhCP scaffolds. By hASC culture on rhCP, microarray assay indicated that expression of genes related to cell proliferation and extracellular matrix production was upregulated. Pathway analyses revealed that signaling pathways related to inflammatory suppression and cell growth promotion were activated as well as signaling pathways consistent with some growth factors including vascular endothelial growth factor, hepatocyte growth factor, and transforming growth factor beta, although gene expression of these growth factors was not upregulated. These findings suggest the rhCP scaffold showed similar biological actions to cytokines regulating cell growth and immunity. In subsequent impaired wound healing experiments using a locally irradiated (20 Gray) mouse, wound treatment with rhCP sponges combined with cultured hASCs and human umbilical vein endothelial cells accelerated wound closure compared with wounds treated with rhCP with hASCs alone, rhCP only, and control (dressing alone), with better healing observed according to this order. These results indicating the therapeutic value of rhCP scaffolds as a topical biomaterial dressing and a biocarrier of stem cells and vascular endothelial cells for regenerating therapies. The combination of rhCP and functional cells was suggested to be a potential tool for revitalizing stem cell-depleted conditions such as radiation tissue damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanobu Mashiko
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan.,Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Tokyo, School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hitomi Takada
- Stem Cell Technologies lab, Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara, Japan
| | - Szu-Hsien Wu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Tokyo, School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koji Kanayama
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan.,Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Tokyo, School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jingwei Feng
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Tokyo, School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kensuke Tashiro
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Tokyo, School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rintaro Asahi
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Ataru Sunaga
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Kazuto Hoshi
- Department of Oral Surgery, University of Tokyo, School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Kurisaki
- Stem Cell Technologies lab, Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Takato
- Department of Oral Surgery, University of Tokyo, School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kotaro Yoshimura
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan.,Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Tokyo, School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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15
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Abstract
In this chapter, we describe a method for the induction of stomach organoids from mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells. We used an embryoid body-based differentiation method to induce gastric primordial epithelium covered with mesenchyme and further differentiate it in Matrigel by 3D culture. The differentiated organoid contains both corpus- and antrum-specific mature gastric tissue cells. This protocol may be useful for a variety of studies in developmental biology and disease modeling of the stomach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taka-Aki K Noguchi
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Ten-noudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
| | - Akira Kurisaki
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Ten-noudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
- Research Institute for Drug Discovery, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
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16
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Nishimura K, Aizawa S, Nugroho FL, Shiomitsu E, Tran YTH, Bui PL, Borisova E, Sakuragi Y, Takada H, Kurisaki A, Hayashi Y, Fukuda A, Nakanishi M, Hisatake K. A Role for KLF4 in Promoting the Metabolic Shift via TCL1 during Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Generation. Stem Cell Reports 2017; 8:787-801. [PMID: 28262547 PMCID: PMC5355680 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2017.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Revised: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Reprogramming of somatic cells into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) is accompanied by morphological, functional, and metabolic alterations before acquisition of full pluripotency. Although the genome-wide effects of the reprogramming factors on gene expression are well documented, precise mechanisms by which gene expression changes evoke phenotypic responses remain to be determined. We used a Sendai virus-based system that permits reprogramming to progress in a strictly KLF4-dependent manner to screen for KLF4 target genes that are critical for the progression of reprogramming. The screening identified Tcl1 as a critical target gene that directs the metabolic shift from oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis. KLF4-induced TCL1 employs a two-pronged mechanism, whereby TCL1 activates AKT to enhance glycolysis and counteracts PnPase to diminish oxidative phosphorylation. These regulatory mechanisms described here highlight a central role for a reprogramming factor in orchestrating the metabolic shift toward the acquisition of pluripotency during iPSC generation. KLF4 upregulates Tcl1 expression by directly binding to its enhancer and promoter TCL1 enhances glycolysis by activating AKT during reprogramming TCL1 reduces oxidative phosphorylation by counteracting PnPase during reprogramming TCL1 promotes the metabolic shift to facilitate reprogramming
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Nishimura
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan.
| | - Shiho Aizawa
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Fransiska Liliani Nugroho
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Emi Shiomitsu
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Yen Thi Hai Tran
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Phuong Linh Bui
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Evgeniia Borisova
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Yuta Sakuragi
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Hitomi Takada
- Biotechnology Research Institute for Drug Discovery, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Akira Kurisaki
- Biotechnology Research Institute for Drug Discovery, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Yohei Hayashi
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Aya Fukuda
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Mahito Nakanishi
- Biotechnology Research Institute for Drug Discovery, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Koji Hisatake
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan.
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17
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Shimbo M, Kudo T, Hamada M, Jeon H, Imamura Y, Asano K, Okada R, Tsunakawa Y, Mizuno S, Yagami KI, Ishikawa C, Li H, Shiga T, Ishida J, Hamada J, Murata K, Ishimaru T, Hashimoto M, Fukamizu A, Yamane M, Ikawa M, Morita H, Shinohara M, Asahara H, Akiyama T, Akiyama N, Sasanuma H, Yoshida N, Zhou R, Wang YY, Ito T, Kokubu Y, Noguchi TAK, Ishimine H, Kurisaki A, Shiba D, Mizuno H, Shirakawa M, Ito N, Takeda S, Takahashi S. Ground-based assessment of JAXA mouse habitat cage unit by mouse phenotypic studies. Exp Anim 2016; 65:175-87. [PMID: 26822934 PMCID: PMC4873486 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.15-0077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency developed the mouse Habitat Cage Unit (HCU) for installation in the Cell Biology Experiment Facility (CBEF) onboard the Japanese Experimental Module ("Kibo") on the International Space Station. The CBEF provides "space-based controls" by generating artificial gravity in the HCU through a centrifuge, enabling a comparison of the biological consequences of microgravity and artificial gravity of 1 g on mice housed in space. Therefore, prior to the space experiment, a ground-based study to validate the habitability of the HCU is necessary to conduct space experiments using the HCU in the CBEF. Here, we investigated the ground-based effect of a 32-day housing period in the HCU breadboard model on male mice in comparison with the control cage mice. Morphology of skeletal muscle, the thymus, heart, and kidney, and the sperm function showed no critical abnormalities between the control mice and HCU mice. Slight but significant changes caused by the HCU itself were observed, including decreased body weight, increased weights of the thymus and gastrocnemius, reduced thickness of cortical bone of the femur, and several gene expressions from 11 tissues. Results suggest that the HCU provides acceptable conditions for mouse phenotypic analysis using CBEF in space, as long as its characteristic features are considered. Thus, the HCU is a feasible device for future space experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miki Shimbo
- Mouse Epigenetics Project, ISS/Kibo experiment, JAXA, Japan
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18
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Watanabe-Susaki K, Takada H, Enomoto K, Miwata K, Ishimine H, Intoh A, Ohtaka M, Nakanishi M, Sugino H, Asashima M, Kurisaki A. Biosynthesis of ribosomal RNA in nucleoli regulates pluripotency and differentiation ability of pluripotent stem cells. Stem Cells 2015; 32:3099-111. [PMID: 25187421 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells have been shown to have unique nuclear properties, for example, hyperdynamic chromatin and large, condensed nucleoli. However, the contribution of the latter unique nucleolar character to pluripotency has not been well understood. Here, we show that fibrillarin (FBL), a critical methyltransferase for ribosomal RNA (rRNA) processing in nucleoli, is one of the proteins highly expressed in pluripotent embryonic stem (ES) cells. Stable expression of FBL in ES cells prolonged the pluripotent state of mouse ES cells cultured in the absence of leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF). Analyses using deletion mutants and a point mutant revealed that the methyltransferase activity of FBL regulates stem cell pluripotency. Knockdown of this gene led to significant delays in rRNA processing, growth inhibition, and apoptosis in mouse ES cells. Interestingly, both partial knockdown of FBL and treatment with actinomycin D, an inhibitor of rRNA synthesis, induced the expression of differentiation markers in the presence of LIF and promoted stem cell differentiation into neuronal lineages. Moreover, we identified p53 signaling as the regulatory pathway for pluripotency and differentiation of ES cells. These results suggest that proper activity of rRNA production in nucleoli is a novel factor for the regulation of pluripotency and differentiation ability of ES cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanako Watanabe-Susaki
- Research Center for Stem Cell Engineering, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Higashi 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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19
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Mineda K, Feng J, Ishimine H, Takada H, Doi K, Kuno S, Kinoshita K, Kanayama K, Kato H, Mashiko T, Hashimoto I, Nakanishi H, Kurisaki A, Yoshimura K. Therapeutic Potential of Human Adipose-Derived Stem/Stromal Cell Microspheroids Prepared by Three-Dimensional Culture in Non-Cross-Linked Hyaluronic Acid Gel. Stem Cells Transl Med 2015; 4:1511-22. [PMID: 26494781 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2015-0037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Three-dimensional culture of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells for spheroid formation is known to enhance their therapeutic potential for regenerative medicine. Spheroids were prepared by culturing human adipose-derived stem/stromal cells (hASCs) in a non-cross-linked hyaluronic acid (HA) gel and compared with dissociated hASCs and hASC spheroids prepared using a nonadherent dish. Preliminary experiments indicated that a 4% HA gel was the most appropriate for forming hASC spheroids with a relatively consistent size (20-50 µm) within 48 hours. Prepared spheroids were positive for pluripotency markers (NANOG, OCT3/4, and SOX-2), and 40% of the cells were SSEA-3-positive, a marker of the multilineage differentiating stress enduring or Muse cell. In contrast with dissociated ASCs, increased secretion of cytokines such as hepatocyte growth factor was detected in ASC spheroids cultured under hypoxia. On microarray ASC spheroids showed upregulation of some pluripotency markers and downregulation of genes related to the mitotic cell cycle. After ischemia-reperfusion injury to the fat pad in SCID mice, local injection of hASC spheroids promoted tissue repair and reduced the final atrophy (1.6%) compared with that of dissociated hASCs (14.3%) or phosphate-buffered saline (20.3%). Part of the administered hASCs differentiated into vascular endothelial cells. ASC spheroids prepared in a HA gel contain undifferentiated cells with therapeutic potential to promote angiogenesis and tissue regeneration after damage. SIGNIFICANCE This study shows the therapeutic value of human adipose-derived stem cell spheroids prepared in hyarulonic acid gel. The spheroids have various benefits as an injectable cellular product and show therapeutic potential to the stem cell-depleted conditions such as diabetic chronic skin ulcer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhide Mineda
- Department of Plastic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan Department of Plastic Surgery, School of Medicine, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Jingwei Feng
- Department of Plastic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hisako Ishimine
- Department of Anatomy II and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Aichi, Japan Research Center for Stem Cell Engineering, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hitomi Takada
- Research Center for Stem Cell Engineering, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kentaro Doi
- Department of Plastic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Kuno
- Department of Plastic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kahori Kinoshita
- Department of Plastic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koji Kanayama
- Department of Plastic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Harunosuke Kato
- Department of Plastic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takanobu Mashiko
- Department of Plastic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ichiro Hashimoto
- Department of Plastic Surgery, School of Medicine, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Hideki Nakanishi
- Department of Plastic Surgery, School of Medicine, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Akira Kurisaki
- Research Center for Stem Cell Engineering, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kotaro Yoshimura
- Department of Plastic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan Department of Plastic Surgery, School of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
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20
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Kinoshita K, Ishimine H, Shiraishi K, Kato H, Doi K, Kuno S, Kanayama K, Mineda K, Mashiko T, Feng J, Nakagawa K, Kurisaki A, Itami S, Yoshimura K. Cell and Tissue Damage after Skin Exposure to Ionizing Radiation: Short- and Long-Term Effects after a Single and Fractional Doses. Cells Tissues Organs 2015; 200:240-52. [DOI: 10.1159/000435809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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21
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Ishimine H, Zhou R, Sumitomo K, Ito Y, Seki Y, Yoshida Y, Kurisaki A. Lipase member H frequently overexpressed in human esophageal adenocarcinomas. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:2075-81. [PMID: 26341494 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3985-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Esophageal cancer is one of the most frequent causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. This is due to its asymptomatic nature or mild nonspecific symptoms. Most patients are diagnosed after appearance of prominent symptoms, and tumors are frequently accompanied by severe infiltration. Therefore, molecular biomarkers for the prognosis of early-stage esophageal cancer are desired. In this study, we examined the prognostic potential of lipase H (LIPH), a recently reported biomarker for lung adenocarcinoma and squamous carcinoma. We found that LIPH mRNA is also frequently upregulated in esophageal adenocarcinoma. Immunohistochemical analysis confirmed LIPH protein expression in various esophageal tumor tissue sections. Interestingly, higher expression of LIPH in esophageal adenocarcinoma showed a positive correlation with longer survival of patients. Our data suggest that LIPH may have prognostic value for esophageal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisako Ishimine
- Research Center for Stem Cell Engineering, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Rui Zhou
- Research Center for Stem Cell Engineering, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan.,Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease/Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Sichuan Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Kenya Sumitomo
- Department of Internal Medicine, JA Kochi Hospital, Kochi, Japan
| | - Yoshimasa Ito
- Research Center for Stem Cell Engineering, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Seki
- Research Center for Stem Cell Engineering, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan
| | | | - Akira Kurisaki
- Research Center for Stem Cell Engineering, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan. .,Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
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22
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Kokubu Y, Asashima M, Kurisaki A. Establishment and culture optimization of a new type of pituitary immortalized cell line. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 463:1218-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.06.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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23
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Abstract
Changes in nucleolar morphology and function are tightly associated with cellular activity, such as growth, proliferation, and cell cycle progression. Historically, these relationships have been extensively examined in cancer cells, which frequently exhibit large nucleoli and increased ribosome biogenesis. Recent findings indicate that alteration of nucleolar activity is a key regulator of development and aging. In this review, we have provided evidences that the nucleolus is not just a housekeeping factor but is actively involved in the regulation of cell proliferation, differentiation, and senescence both in vitro and in vivo. In addition, we have discussed how alteration of nucleolar function and nucleolar proteins induces specific physiological effects rather than widespread effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitomi Takada
- Stem Cell Engineering Research Group, Biotechnology Research Institute for Drug Discovery, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 4, 1-1-1, Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8562, Japan
| | - Akira Kurisaki
- Stem Cell Engineering Research Group, Biotechnology Research Institute for Drug Discovery, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 4, 1-1-1, Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8562, Japan.
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Noguchi TAK, Ninomiya N, Sekine M, Komazaki S, Wang PC, Asashima M, Kurisaki A. Generation of stomach tissue from mouse embryonic stem cells. Nat Cell Biol 2015; 17:984-93. [PMID: 26192439 DOI: 10.1038/ncb3200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Successful pluripotent stem cell differentiation methods have been developed for several endoderm-derived cells, including hepatocytes, β-cells and intestinal cells. However, stomach lineage commitment from pluripotent stem cells has remained a challenge, and only antrum specification has been demonstrated. We established a method for stomach differentiation from embryonic stem cells by inducing mesenchymal Barx1, an essential gene for in vivo stomach specification from gut endoderm. Barx1-inducing culture conditions generated stomach primordium-like spheroids, which differentiated into mature stomach tissue cells in both the corpus and antrum by three-dimensional culture. This embryonic stem cell-derived stomach tissue (e-ST) shared a similar gene expression profile with adult stomach, and secreted pepsinogen as well as gastric acid. Furthermore, TGFA overexpression in e-ST caused hypertrophic mucus and gastric anacidity, which mimicked Ménétrier disease in vitro. Thus, in vitro stomach tissue derived from pluripotent stem cells mimics in vivo development and can be used for stomach disease models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taka-aki K Noguchi
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
| | - Naoto Ninomiya
- Research Center for Stem Cell Engineering, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Ibaraki 305-8562, Japan
| | - Mari Sekine
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
| | - Shinji Komazaki
- Department of Anatomy, Saitama Medical University, Saitama 350-0495, Japan
| | - Pi-Chao Wang
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
| | - Makoto Asashima
- 1] Research Center for Stem Cell Engineering, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Ibaraki 305-8562, Japan [2] Life Science Center of Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, The University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
| | - Akira Kurisaki
- 1] Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan [2] Research Center for Stem Cell Engineering, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Ibaraki 305-8562, Japan
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Kinoshita K, Kuno S, Ishimine H, Aoi N, Mineda K, Kato H, Doi K, Kanayama K, Feng J, Mashiko T, Kurisaki A, Yoshimura K. Therapeutic Potential of Adipose-Derived SSEA-3-Positive Muse Cells for Treating Diabetic Skin Ulcers. Stem Cells Transl Med 2015; 4:146-55. [PMID: 25561682 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2014-0181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Stage-specific embryonic antigen-3 (SSEA-3)-positive multipotent mesenchymal cells (multilineage differentiating stress-enduring [Muse] cells) were isolated from cultured human adipose tissue-derived stem/stromal cells (hASCs) and characterized, and their therapeutic potential for treating diabetic skin ulcers was evaluated. Cultured hASCs were separated using magnetic-activated cell sorting into positive and negative fractions, a SSEA-3+ cell-enriched fraction (Muse-rich) and the remaining fraction (Muse-poor). Muse-rich hASCs showed upregulated and downregulated pluripotency and cell proliferation genes, respectively, compared with Muse-poor hASCs. These cells also released higher amounts of certain growth factors, particularly under hypoxic conditions, compared with Muse-poor cells. Skin ulcers were generated in severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice with type 1 diabetes, which showed delayed wound healing compared with nondiabetic SCID mice. Treatment with Muse-rich cells significantly accelerated wound healing compared with treatment with Muse-poor cells. Transplanted cells were integrated into the regenerated dermis as vascular endothelial cells and other cells. However, they were not detected in the surrounding intact regions. Thus, the selected population of ASCs has greater therapeutic effects to accelerate impaired wound healing associated with type 1 diabetes. These cells can be achieved in large amounts with minimal morbidity and could be a practical tool for a variety of stem cell-depleted or ischemic conditions of various organs and tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kahori Kinoshita
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Research Center for Stem Cell Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Kuno
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Research Center for Stem Cell Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hisako Ishimine
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Research Center for Stem Cell Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Aoi
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Research Center for Stem Cell Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kazuhide Mineda
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Research Center for Stem Cell Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Harunosuke Kato
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Research Center for Stem Cell Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kentaro Doi
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Research Center for Stem Cell Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Koji Kanayama
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Research Center for Stem Cell Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Jingwei Feng
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Research Center for Stem Cell Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Takanobu Mashiko
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Research Center for Stem Cell Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Akira Kurisaki
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Research Center for Stem Cell Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kotaro Yoshimura
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Research Center for Stem Cell Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Ibaraki, Japan
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Enomoto K, Watanabe-Susaki K, Kowno M, Takada H, Intoh A, Yamanaka Y, Hirano H, Sugino H, Asashima M, Kurisaki A. Identification of novel proteins differentially expressed in pluripotent embryonic stem cells and differentiated cells. J Med Invest 2015; 62:130-6. [DOI: 10.2152/jmi.62.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kei Enomoto
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo
| | - Kanako Watanabe-Susaki
- Research Center for Stem Cell Engineering, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 4
| | - Megumi Kowno
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Tsukuba
| | - Hitomi Takada
- Research Center for Stem Cell Engineering, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 4
| | - Atsushi Intoh
- Department of Life Sciences (Biology), Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo
| | - Yuko Yamanaka
- Department of Molecular Biology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Hisashi Hirano
- Department of Molecular Biology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Hiromu Sugino
- Research Center for Stem Cell Engineering, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 4
| | - Makoto Asashima
- Research Center for Stem Cell Engineering, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 4
- Department of Life Sciences (Biology), Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo
- ICORP Organ Regeneration Project, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST)
| | - Akira Kurisaki
- Research Center for Stem Cell Engineering, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 4
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Tsukuba
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Ogawa-Otomo A, Kurisaki A, Ito Y. Aminolevulinate synthase 2 mediates erythrocyte differentiation by regulating larval globin expression during Xenopus primary hematopoiesis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 456:476-81. [PMID: 25482442 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.11.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2014] [Accepted: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Hemoglobin synthesis by erythrocytes continues throughout a vertebrate's lifetime. The mechanism of mammalian heme synthesis has been studied for many years; aminolevulinate synthase 2 (ALAS2), a heme synthetase, is associated with X-linked dominant protoporphyria in humans. Amphibian and mammalian blood cells differ, but little is known about amphibian embryonic hemoglobin synthesis. We investigated the function of the Xenopus alas2 gene (Xalas2) in primitive amphibian erythrocytes and found that it is first expressed in primitive erythroid cells before hemoglobin alpha 3 subunit (hba3) during primary hematopoiesis and in the posterior ventral blood islands at the tailbud stage. Xalas2 is not expressed during secondary hematopoiesis in the dorsal lateral plate. Hemoglobin was barely detectable by o-dianisidine staining and hba3 transcript levels decreased in Xalas2-knockdown embryos. These results suggest that Xalas2 might be able to synthesize hemoglobin during hematopoiesis and mediate erythrocyte differentiation by regulating hba3 expression in Xenopus laevis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asako Ogawa-Otomo
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Tsukuba, Central 4, Higashi 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8562, Japan; Research Center for Stem Cell Engineering, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 4, Higashi 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8562, Japan
| | - Akira Kurisaki
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Tsukuba, Central 4, Higashi 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8562, Japan; Research Center for Stem Cell Engineering, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 4, Higashi 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8562, Japan
| | - Yuzuru Ito
- Research Center for Stem Cell Engineering, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 4, Higashi 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8562, Japan.
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28
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Kowno M, Watanabe-Susaki K, Ishimine H, Komazaki S, Enomoto K, Seki Y, Wang YY, Ishigaki Y, Ninomiya N, Noguchi TAK, Kokubu Y, Ohnishi K, Nakajima Y, Kato K, Intoh A, Takada H, Yamakawa N, Wang PC, Asashima M, Kurisaki A. Prohibitin 2 regulates the proliferation and lineage-specific differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells in mitochondria. PLoS One 2014; 9:e81552. [PMID: 24709813 PMCID: PMC3977857 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0081552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2012] [Accepted: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The pluripotent state of embryonic stem (ES) cells is controlled by a network of specific transcription factors. Recent studies also suggested the significant contribution of mitochondria on the regulation of pluripotent stem cells. However, the molecules involved in these regulations are still unknown. Methodology/Principal Findings In this study, we found that prohibitin 2 (PHB2), a pleiotrophic factor mainly localized in mitochondria, is a crucial regulatory factor for the homeostasis and differentiation of ES cells. PHB2 was highly expressed in undifferentiated mouse ES cells, and the expression was decreased during the differentiation of ES cells. Knockdown of PHB2 induced significant apoptosis in pluripotent ES cells, whereas enhanced expression of PHB2 contributed to the proliferation of ES cells. However, enhanced expression of PHB2 strongly inhibited ES cell differentiation into neuronal and endodermal cells. Interestingly, only PHB2 with intact mitochondrial targeting signal showed these specific effects on ES cells. Moreover, overexpression of PHB2 enhanced the processing of a dynamin-like GTPase (OPA1) that regulates mitochondrial fusion and cristae remodeling, which could induce partial dysfunction of mitochondria. Conclusions/Significance Our results suggest that PHB2 is a crucial mitochondrial regulator for homeostasis and lineage-specific differentiation of ES cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megumi Kowno
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kanako Watanabe-Susaki
- Research Center for Stem Cell Engineering, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hisako Ishimine
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Research Center for Stem Cell Engineering, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Shinji Komazaki
- Department of Anatomy, Saitama Medical School, Moroyama, Iruma, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kei Enomoto
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Meguro, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Seki
- Department of Life Sciences (Biology), Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Meguro, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ying Ying Wang
- Research Center for Stem Cell Engineering, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yohei Ishigaki
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Naoto Ninomiya
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Meguro, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taka-aki K. Noguchi
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yuko Kokubu
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Keigoh Ohnishi
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yoshiro Nakajima
- Research Center for Stem Cell Engineering, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kaoru Kato
- Health Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Atsushi Intoh
- Department of Life Sciences (Biology), Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Meguro, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hitomi Takada
- Research Center for Stem Cell Engineering, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Norio Yamakawa
- Research Center for Stem Cell Engineering, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Pi-Chao Wang
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Makoto Asashima
- Research Center for Stem Cell Engineering, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Department of Life Sciences (Biology), Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Meguro, Tokyo, Japan
- Life Science Center of Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, The University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Akira Kurisaki
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Research Center for Stem Cell Engineering, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- * E-mail:
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29
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Seki Y, Yoshida Y, Ishimine H, Shinozaki-Ushiku A, Ito Y, Sumitomo K, Nakajima J, Fukayama M, Michiue T, Asashima M, Kurisaki A. Lipase member H is a novel secreted protein selectively upregulated in human lung adenocarcinomas and bronchioloalveolar carcinomas. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 443:1141-7. [PMID: 24380866 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.12.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 12/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the most frequent causes of cancer-related death worldwide. However, molecular markers for lung cancer have not been well established. To identify novel genes related to lung cancer development, we surveyed publicly available DNA microarray data on lung cancer tissues. We identified lipase member H (LIPH, also known as mPA-PLA1) as one of the significantly upregulated genes in lung adenocarcinoma. LIPH was expressed in several adenocarcinoma cell lines when they were analyzed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), western blotting, and sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Immunohistochemical analysis detected LIPH expression in most of the adenocarcinomas and bronchioloalveolar carcinomas tissue sections obtained from lung cancer patients. LIPH expression was also observed less frequently in the squamous lung cancer tissue samples. Furthermore, LIPH protein was upregulated in the serum of early- and late-phase lung cancer patients when they were analyzed by ELISA. Interestingly, high serum level of LIPH was correlated with better survival in early phase lung cancer patients after surgery. Thus, LIPH may be a novel molecular biomarker for lung cancer, especially for adenocarcinoma and bronchioloalveolar carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Seki
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Research Center for Stem Cell Engineering, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Yoshida
- Department of Surgery, Asahi General Hospital, Chiba, Japan; Department of Thoracic Surgery, The University of Tokyo, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hisako Ishimine
- Research Center for Stem Cell Engineering, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan; Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Aya Shinozaki-Ushiku
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshimasa Ito
- Research Center for Stem Cell Engineering, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Kenya Sumitomo
- Department of Internal Medicine, JA Kochi Hospital, Kochi, Japan
| | - Jun Nakajima
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The University of Tokyo, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masashi Fukayama
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Michiue
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Asashima
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Research Center for Stem Cell Engineering, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan; Life Science Center of Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance (TARA), The University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
| | - Akira Kurisaki
- Research Center for Stem Cell Engineering, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan; Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
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30
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Yoshimitsu R, Hattori K, Sugiura S, Kondo Y, Yamada R, Tachikawa S, Satoh T, Kurisaki A, Ohnuma K, Asashima M, Kanamori T. Microfluidic perfusion culture of human induced pluripotent stem cells under fully defined culture conditions. Biotechnol Bioeng 2013; 111:937-47. [PMID: 24222619 DOI: 10.1002/bit.25150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2013] [Revised: 10/09/2013] [Accepted: 11/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) are a promising cell source for drug screening. For this application, self-renewal or differentiation of the cells is required, and undefined factors in the culture conditions are not desirable. Microfluidic perfusion culture allows the production of small volume cultures with precisely controlled microenvironments, and is applicable to high-throughput cellular environment screening. Here, we developed a microfluidic perfusion culture system for hiPSCs that uses a microchamber array chip under defined extracellular matrix (ECM) and culture medium conditions. By screening various ECMs we determined that fibronectin and laminin are appropriate for microfluidic devices made out of the most popular material, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). We found that the growth rate of hiPSCs under pressure-driven perfusion culture conditions was higher than under static culture conditions in the microchamber array. We applied our new system to self-renewal and differentiation cultures of hiPSCs, and immunocytochemical analysis showed that the state of the hiPSCs was successfully controlled. The effects of three antitumor drugs on hiPSCs were comparable between microchamber array and 96-well plates. We believe that our system will be a platform technology for future large-scale screening of fully defined conditions for differentiation cultures on integrated microfluidic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Yoshimitsu
- Department of Bioengineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, 1603-1 Kamitomioka, Nagaoka, Niigata, 940-2188, Japan
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31
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Ishimine H, Yamakawa N, Sasao M, Tadokoro M, Kami D, Komazaki S, Tokuhara M, Takada H, Ito Y, Kuno S, Yoshimura K, Umezawa A, Ohgushi H, Asashima M, Kurisaki A. N-Cadherin is a prospective cell surface marker of human mesenchymal stem cells that have high ability for cardiomyocyte differentiation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 438:753-9. [PMID: 23899519 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.07.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2013] [Accepted: 07/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are among the most promising sources of stem cells for regenerative medicine. However, the range of their differentiation ability is very limited. In this study, we explored prospective cell surface markers of human MSCs that readily differentiate into cardiomyocytes. When the cardiomyogenic differentiation potential and the expression of cell surface markers involved in heart development were analyzed using various immortalized human MSC lines, the MSCs with high expression of N-cadherin showed a higher probability of differentiation into beating cardiomyocytes. The differentiated cardiomyocytes expressed terminally differentiated cardiomyocyte-specific markers such as α-actinin, cardiac troponin T, and connexin-43. A similar correlation was observed with primary human MSCs derived from bone marrow and adipose tissue. Moreover, N-cadherin-positive MSCs isolated with N-cadherin antibody-conjugated magnetic beads showed an apparently higher ability to differentiate into cardiomyocytes than the N-cadherin-negative population. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction analyses demonstrated that the N-cadherin-positive population expressed significantly elevated levels of cardiomyogenic progenitor-specific transcription factors, including Nkx2.5, Hand1, and GATA4 mRNAs. Our results suggest that N-cadherin is a novel prospective cell surface marker of human MSCs that show a better ability for cardiomyocyte differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisako Ishimine
- Research Center for Stem Cell Engineering, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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Ninomiya N, Michiue T, Asashima M, Kurisaki A. BMP signaling regulates the differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells into lung epithelial cell lineages. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2013; 49:230-7. [PMID: 23468359 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-013-9589-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2012] [Accepted: 02/01/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Somatic stem/progenitor cells are known to be present in most adult tissues. However, those in the lung have limited abilities for tissue regeneration after serious damage as a result of chronic disease. Therefore, regenerative medicine using exogenous stem cells has been suggested for the treatment of progressive lung diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and pulmonary fibrosis. Embryonic stem (ES) cells and induced pluripotent stem cells, with their potent differentiation abilities, are promising sources for the generation of various tissue cells. In this study, we investigated the effects of various differentiation-inducing growth factors on the differentiation of lung cells from ES cells in vitro. Several factors, including activin, nodal, and noggin, significantly promoted the induction of Nkx2.1-positive lung progenitor cells when cells were cultured as embryoid bodies. Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) 4 signaling controls the lineage commitment of lung cells along the proximal-distal axis. BMP4 promotes the induction of distal cell lineages of alveolar bud, such as Clara cells and mucus-producing goblet cells. These results suggest that several developmentally essential factors, including nodal/activin and BMP signaling, are important in the control of the differentiation of lung epithelial cells from mouse ES cells in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoto Ninomiya
- Department of Life Sciences (Biology), Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Meguro, Tokyo, Japan
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33
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Eto H, Ishimine H, Kinoshita K, Watanabe-Susaki K, Kato H, Doi K, Kuno S, Kurisaki A, Yoshimura K. Characterization of human adipose tissue-resident hematopoietic cell populations reveals a novel macrophage subpopulation with CD34 expression and mesenchymal multipotency. Stem Cells Dev 2012; 22:985-97. [PMID: 23137270 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2012.0442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue (AT) is composed of mature adipocytes and stromal vascular fraction (SVF) cells, including adipose stem/stromal cells (ASCs). We characterized hematopoietic cells residing in human nonobese AT by analyzing the SVF isolated from human lipoaspirates and peripheral blood (PB). Flow cytometry revealed that AT-resident hematopoietic cells consisted of AT-resident macrophages (ATMs) or lymphocytes with a negligible number of granulocytes. AT-resident lymphocytes were composed of helper T cells and natural killer cells. Almost no B cells and few cytotoxic T cells were observed in nonobese AT. More than 90% of ATMs were M2 state CD206(+) macrophages (CD45(+)/CD14(+)) that were located in the periendothelium or interstitial spaces between adipocytes. We also discovered a novel subpopulation of CD34(+)/CD206(+) ATMs (11.1% of CD206(+)ATMs) that localized in the perivascular region. Microarray of noncultured CD34(+)/CD206(+) ATMs, CD34(-)/CD206(+) ATMs, CD45(-)/CD31(-)/CD34(+) ASCs, and PB-derived circulating monocytes revealed that CD34(+)/CD206(+) ATMs shared characteristics with ASCs and circulating monocytes. Unlike CD34(-)/CD206(+) ATMs, CD34(+)/CD206(+) ATMs could grow in adherent culture and were capable of differentiating into multiple mesenchymal (adipogenic, osteogenic, and chondrogenic) lineages, similar to ASCs. CD34(+)/CD206(+) ATMs grew rapidly and lost expression of CD45, CD14, and CD206 by passage 3, which resulted in a similar expression profile to ASCs. Thus, this novel ATM subpopulation (CD45(+)/CD14(+)/CD34(+)/CD206(+)) showed distinct biological properties from other ATMs and circulating monocytes/macrophages. The CD34(+)/CD206(+) ATMs possessed characteristics similar to ASCs, including adherence, localization, morphology, and mesenchymal multipotency. This AT-resident subpopulation may have migrated from the bone marrow and may be important to tissue maintenance and remolding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitomi Eto
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Tokyo School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Hosoya M, Kunisada Y, Kurisaki A, Asashima M. Induction of differentiation of undifferentiated cells into pancreatic beta cells in vertebrates. Int J Dev Biol 2012; 56:313-23. [PMID: 22689376 DOI: 10.1387/ijdb.123522mh] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The beta cells of the pancreatic islets, which maintain glucose homeostasis by secreting insulin, are important cells for sustaining life. In recent years, islet transplantation has been performed as a treatment for type I diabetes. Since there are not enough donors for patients awaiting transplantation, beta cells grown in vitro are expected to be utilized as a substitute for islets. To obtain the cells with properties of human beta cells, it is necessary to understand the process by which human pancreatic islets are formed, as well as their structural characteristics. By using undifferentiated cells, such as Xenopus laevis animal caps and mouse ES cells, pancreatic tissue has shown to be able to be induced in vitro. Various attempts have been made to obtain human beta cells from human ES/iPS cells. Versatile methods have been developed and improved efficiency has been achieved by the use of low molecular weight compounds, but the challenge remains to prevent tumor formation and achieve functional maturation. Inducing the differentiation of somatic stem cells into insulin-producing cells has also brought us closer to clinical application. There are still many challenges related to the practical use of beta cells derived from undifferentiated cells, such as the development of methods to substitute these cells for host beta cells, standardization of the treatment protocol, quality control, and confirmation of safety. Research on the methods of inducing undifferentiated cells to differentiate into beta cells has shown definite progress, suggesting that cell therapy for diabetes may become a preferred therapeutic option over islet transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Hosoya
- Advanced Science Research Laboratories, Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan.
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Noguchi TAK, Ishimine H, Nakajima Y, Watanabe-Susaki K, Shigeta N, Yamakawa N, Wang PC, Asashima M, Kurisaki A. Novel cell surface genes expressed in the stomach primordium during gastrointestinal morphogenesis of mouse embryos. Gene Expr Patterns 2012; 12:154-63. [PMID: 22266179 DOI: 10.1016/j.gep.2012.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2011] [Revised: 01/06/2012] [Accepted: 01/07/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms of gastrointestinal morphogenesis in mammals are not well understood. This is partly due to the lack of appropriate markers that are expressed with spatiotemporal specificity in the gastrointestinal tract during development. Using mouse embryos, we surveyed markers of the prospective stomach region during gastrointestinal morphogenesis. The initiation of organ bud formation occurs at E10.5 in mice. These primordia for the digestive organs protrude from a tube-like structured endoderm and have their own distinct morphogenesis. We identified 3 cell surface genes -Adra2a, Fzd5, and Trpv6 - that are expressed in the developing stomach region during gastrointestinal morphogenesis using a microarray-based screening. These novel genes will be useful in expanding our understanding of the mechanisms of gastrointestinal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taka-aki K Noguchi
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Hisako Ishimine
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Tsukuba, Japan; Research Center for Stem Cell Engineering, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Japan
| | - Yoshiro Nakajima
- Research Center for Stem Cell Engineering, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Japan
| | - Kanako Watanabe-Susaki
- Research Center for Stem Cell Engineering, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Japan
| | - Naoki Shigeta
- Research Center for Stem Cell Engineering, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Japan
| | - Norio Yamakawa
- Research Center for Stem Cell Engineering, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Japan
| | - Pi-Chao Wang
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Makoto Asashima
- Research Center for Stem Cell Engineering, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Japan; Life Science Center of Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, The University of Tsukuba, Japan; Department of Life Sciences (Biology), Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Kurisaki
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Tsukuba, Japan; Research Center for Stem Cell Engineering, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Japan
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Kurisaki A. [A novel chromatin-related factor that regulates the pluripotency of embryonic stem cells]. Seikagaku 2011; 83:615-618. [PMID: 21866872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Akira Kurisaki
- Research Center for Stem Cell Engineering, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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Abstract
Abstract The establishment of efficient methods for promoting stem cell differentiation into target cells is important not only in regenerative medicine, but also in drug discovery. In addition to embryonic stem (ES) cells and various somatic stem cells, such as mesenchymal stem cells derived from bone marrow, adipose tissue, and umbilical cord blood, a novel dedifferentiation technology that allows the generation of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells has been recently developed. Although an increasing number of stem cell populations are being described, there remains a lack of protocols for driving the differentiation of these cells. Regeneration of organs from stem cells in vitro requires precise blueprints for each differentiation step. To date, studies using various model organisms, such as zebrafish, Xenopus laevis, and gene-targeted mice, have uncovered several factors that are critical for the development of organs. We have been using X. laevis, the African clawed frog, which has developmental patterns similar to those seen in humans. Moreover, Xenopus embryos are excellent research tools for the development of differentiation protocols, since they are available in high numbers and are sufficiently large and robust for culturing after simple microsurgery. In addition, Xenopus eggs are fertilized externally, and all stages of the embryo are easily accessible, making it relatively easy to study the functions of individual gene products during organogenesis using microinjection into embryonic cells. In the present review, we provide examples of methods for in vitro organ formation that use undifferentiated Xenopus cells. We also describe the application of amphibian differentiation protocols to mammalian stem cells, so as to facilitate the development of efficient methodologies for in vitro differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Kurisaki
- Organ Development Research Laboratory, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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Nishimura Y, Kurisaki A, Nakanishi M, Ohnuma K, Ninomiya N, Komazaki S, Ishiura S, Asashima M. Inhibitory Smad proteins promote the differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells into ependymal-like ciliated cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2010; 401:1-6. [PMID: 20807502 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.08.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2010] [Accepted: 08/25/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Motile cilia play crucial roles in the maintenance of homeostasis in vivo. Defects in the biosynthesis of cilia cause immotile cilia syndrome, also known as primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD), which is associated with a variety of complex diseases. In this study, we found that inhibitory Smad proteins, Smad7 and Smad6, significantly promoted the differentiation of mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells into ciliated cells. Moreover, these Smad proteins specifically induced morphologically distinct Musashi1-positive ciliated cells. These results suggest that inhibitory Smad proteins could be important regulators not only for the regulation of ciliated cell differentiation, but also for the subtype specification of ciliated cells during differentiation from mouse ES cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Nishimura
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
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Intoh A, Kurisaki A, Fukuda H, Asashima M. Separation with zwitterionic hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography improves protein identification by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-based proteomic analysis. Biomed Chromatogr 2009; 23:607-14. [PMID: 19280682 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.1159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Comprehensive proteomic analyses necessitate efficient separation of peptide mixtures for the subsequent identification of proteins by mass spectrometry (MS). However, digestion of proteins extracted from cells and tissues often yields complex peptide mixtures that confound direct comprehensive MS analysis. This study investigated a zwitterionic hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (ZIC-HILIC) technique for the peptide separation step, which was verified by subsequent MS analysis. Human serum albumin (HSA) was the model protein used for this analysis. HSA was digested with trypsin and resolved by ZIC-HILIC or conventional strong cation exchange (SCX) prior to MS analysis for peptide identification. Separation with ZIC-HILIC significantly improved the identification of HSA peptides over SCX chromatography. Detailed analyses of the identified peptides revealed that the ZIC-HILIC has better peptide fractionation ability. We further demonstrated that ZIC-HILIC is useful for quantitatively surveying cell surface markers specifically expressed in undifferentiated embryonic stem cells. These results suggested the value of ZIC-HILIC as a novel and efficient separation method for comprehensive and quantitative proteomic analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Intoh
- Department of Life Sciences Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
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Intoh A, Kurisaki A, Yamanaka Y, Hirano H, Fukuda H, Sugino H, Asashima M. Proteomic analysis of membrane proteins expressed specifically in pluripotent murine embryonic stem cells. Proteomics 2009; 9:126-37. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200800496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Nakanishi M, Kurisaki A, Hayashi Y, Warashina M, Ishiura S, Kusuda-Furue M, Asashima M. Directed induction of anterior and posterior primitive streak by Wnt from embryonic stem cells cultured in a chemically defined serum-free medium. FASEB J 2008; 23:114-22. [PMID: 18809738 DOI: 10.1096/fj.08-111203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Formation of the primitive streak (PS) is the initial specification step that generates all the mesodermal and endodermal tissue lineages during early differentiation. Thus, a therapeutically compatible and efficient method for differentiation of the PS is crucial for regenerative medicine. In this study, we developed chemically defined serum-free culture conditions for the differentiation of embryonic stem (ES) cells into the PS-like cells. Cultures supplemented with Wnt showed induction of expression of a PS marker, the brachyury gene, followed by induction of the anterior PS markers goosecoid and foxa2, a posterior PS marker, evx1, and the endoderm marker sox17. Similar differentiation of PS by Wnt was also observed in human ES cells. Moreover, we revealed that the activation of the Wnt canonical pathway is essential for PS differentiation in mouse ES cells. These results demonstrated that Wnt is an essential and sufficient factor for the induction of the PS-like cells in vitro. These conditions of induction could constitute the initial step in generating therapeutically useful cells of the definitive endoderm lineage, such as hepatocytes and pancreatic endocrine cells, under chemically defined conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mio Nakanishi
- Department of Life Sciences (Biology), Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1, Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8902, Japan
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Asashima M, Michiue T, Kurisaki A. Elucidation of the role of activin in organogenesis using a multiple organ induction system with amphibian and mouse undifferentiated cells in vitro. Dev Growth Differ 2008; 50 Suppl 1:S35-45. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-169x.2008.00990.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Kurisaki A, Inoue I, Kurisaki K, Yamakawa N, Tsuchida K, Sugino H. Activin induces long-lasting N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor activation via scaffolding PDZ protein activin receptor interacting protein 1. Neuroscience 2008; 151:1225-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2007.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2007] [Revised: 11/23/2007] [Accepted: 12/15/2007] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Asashima M, Kurisaki A, Michiue T. In Vitro Control of Organogenesis by ActivinA Treatment of Amphibian and Mouse Stem Cells. Stem Cells 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4020-8274-0_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Takehara-Kasamatsu Y, Tsuchida K, Nakatani M, Murakami T, Kurisaki A, Hashimoto O, Ohuchi H, Kurose H, Mori K, Kagami S, Noji S, Sugino H. Characterization of follistatin-related gene as a negative regulatory factor for activin family members during mouse heart development. J Med Invest 2007; 54:276-88. [PMID: 17878677 DOI: 10.2152/jmi.54.276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Follistatin-related gene (FLRG) encodes a secretory glycoprotein that has characteristic cysteine-rich follistatin domains. FLRG protein binds to and neutralizes several transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) superfamily members, including myostatin (MSTN), which is a potent negative regulator of skeletal muscle mass. We have previously reported that FLRG was abundantly expressed in fetal and adult mouse heart. In this study, we analyzed the expression of FLRG mRNA during mouse heart development. FLRG mRNA was continuously expressed in the embryonic heart, whereas it was very low in skeletal muscles. By contrast, MSTN mRNA was highly expressed in embryonic skeletal muscles, whereas the expression of MSTN mRNA was rather low in the heart. In situ hybridization and immunohistochemical analysis revealed that FLRG expressed in smooth muscle of the aorta and pulmonary artery, valve leaflets of mitral and tricuspid valves, and cardiac muscles in the ventricle of mouse embryonic heart. However, MSTN was expressed in very limited areas, such as valve leaflets of pulmonary and aortic valves, the top of the ventricular and atrial septa. Interestingly, the expression of MSTN was complementary to that of FLRG, especially in the valvular apparatus. Biochemical analyses with surface plasmon resonance biosensor and reporter assays demonstrated that FLRG hardly dissociates from MSTN and activin once it bound to them, and efficiently inhibits these activities. Our results suggest that FLRG could function as a negative regulator of activin family members including MSTN during heart development.
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Satow R, Kurisaki A, Chan TC, Hamazaki TS, Asashima M. Dullard promotes degradation and dephosphorylation of BMP receptors and is required for neural induction. Dev Cell 2007; 11:763-74. [PMID: 17141153 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2006.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2006] [Revised: 08/20/2006] [Accepted: 10/04/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) regulate multiple biological processes, including cellular proliferation, adhesion, differentiation, and early development. In Xenopus development, inhibition of the BMP pathway is essential for neural induction. Here, we report that dullard, a gene involved in neural development, functions as a negative regulator of BMP signaling. We show that Dullard promotes the ubiquitin-mediated proteosomal degradation of BMP receptors (BMPRs). Dullard preferentially complexes with the BMP type II receptor (BMPRII) and partially colocalizes with the caveolin-1-positive compartment, suggesting that Dullard promotes BMPR degradation via the lipid raft-caveolar pathway. Dullard also associates with BMP type I receptors and represses the BMP-dependent phosphorylation of the BMP type I receptor. The phosphatase activity of Dullard is essential for the degradation of BMP receptors and neural induction in Xenopus. Together, these observations suggest that Dullard is an essential inhibitor of BMP receptor activation during Xenopus neuralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reiko Satow
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
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Abstract
Skin grafting has become a basic and established operation technique; however, it is not clear how skin grafts adapt to recipient beds and replace their functions. In this study, we analyzed the origin of cells in adapted transplants by using green fluorescent protein (GFP) transgenic mice, which emits green fluorescence in the whole body. The dorsal skins of GFP transgenic mice were transplanted to the back of wild-type mice. Similarly, wild-type skins were transplanted to the back of GFP transgenic mice. Since transplantation with full thickness back skin was not successful due to severe immunorejection, tail skins, which contain fewer epidermal Langerhans cells, were used for the experiments. Six months after transplantation, immunohistochemical analysis of the grafts revealed that tissues derived from ectodermal origin such as the epidermis, hair follicles, and sebaceous glands survived in transplanted grafts, but that other tissues such as the dermis, nerves and blood vessels are partly replaced by tissues from recipient beds. Our results further demonstrated that transplantation analyses with GFP transgenic mice could be a useful approach to study the origin of cells in transplants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Matsuo
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Institute of Health Biosciences The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
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Abstract
Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) family members regulate a variety of cellular functions and play important roles in cell differentiation. Activin receptor-like kinase 7 (ALK7), a receptor for TGF-beta family members, was initially cloned from rats as an orphan receptor and has been recently shown to be a type I receptor for nodal, activin B and activin AB. ALK7 is expressed not only in neurons, but also in insulin-producing islet beta cells and white and brown adipose tissues; however, the specific functions of ALK7 in these tissues are not known. In order to test whether ALK7 is involved in adipocyte differentiation, we analyzed its expression during adipocyte differentiation. ALK7 expression was detected in the late phase of adipocyte differentiation by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), Western blotting and immunofluorescence staining in 3T3-L1 cells. We also detected the expression of ALK7 by RT-PCR in stromal vascular fraction (SVF) cells. These results indicated that ALK7 is a novel marker specifically expressed during the late phase of adipocyte differentiation. Furthermore, our results suggest the possible involvement of nodal or activin B in adipocyte differentiation.
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Honda M, Kurisaki A, Ohnuma K, Okochi H, Hamazaki TS, Asashima M. N-cadherin is a useful marker for the progenitor of cardiomyocytes differentiated from mouse ES cells in serum-free condition. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2006; 351:877-82. [PMID: 17097609 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.10.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2006] [Accepted: 10/23/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Cardiomyocytes are known to differentiate spontaneously from embryonic stem (ES) cells when they formed aggregates, so called "embryoid bodies", in the presence of serum. In this study, we explored the induction of cardiomyocytes from mouse ES cells in chemically defined serum-free medium by using a mesoderm-inducing factor, BMP4. Comparing the different inductive methods, we found a candidate cell surface marker, N-cadherin, for cardiomyocyte progenitors from ES cells. N-cadherin-positive cells highly expressed cardiogenic markers, Nkx2.5, Tbx5, and Isl1, and showed a high differentiation rate into cardiomyocyte lineage. These results indicate that N-cadherin can be a useful cell surface marker for the progenitors of cardiomyocyte differentiated from ES cells in the serum-free culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiko Honda
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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Abstract
The cytoplasmic immunophilin FKBP12, a 12 kDa FK506-binding protein, has been shown to act as an inhibitor for transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) signaling. FKBP12 binds to the glycine- and serine-rich motif (GS motif) of the TGF-beta type I receptor, and functions as a secure switch to prevent the leaky signal. Upon stimulation with ligand, FKBP12 is released from the receptor to fully propagate the signal. We found that activin, a member of TGF-beta superfamily, also induced the dissociation of FKBP12 from the activin type I receptor (ALK4). However, we observed that the released FKBP12 associates again with the receptor a few hours later. FKBP12 also interacted with another inhibitory molecule of activin signal, Smad7, in an activin-dependent manner, and formed a complex with Smad7 on the type I receptor. FK506, a chemical ligand for FKBP12, which dissociates FKBP12 from the receptor, decreased the interaction between Smad7 and Smad ubiquitin regulatory factor 1 (Smurf1). FK506 also inhibited the ubiquitination of the type I receptor by Smurf1. These findings indicate a new inhibitory function of FKBP12 as an adaptor molecule for the Smad7-Smurf1 complex to regulate the duration of the activin signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Yamaguchi
- Division of Molecular Cytology, Institute for Enzyme Research, University of Tokushima, 3-18-15, Kuramoto, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
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