1
|
Li X, Bi X. Integrated Control of Fatty Acid Metabolism in Heart Failure. Metabolites 2023; 13:615. [PMID: 37233656 PMCID: PMC10220550 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13050615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Disrupted fatty acid metabolism is one of the most important metabolic features in heart failure. The heart obtains energy from fatty acids via oxidation. However, heart failure results in markedly decreased fatty acid oxidation and is accompanied by the accumulation of excess lipid moieties that lead to cardiac lipotoxicity. Herein, we summarized and discussed the current understanding of the integrated regulation of fatty acid metabolism (including fatty acid uptake, lipogenesis, lipolysis, and fatty acid oxidation) in the pathogenesis of heart failure. The functions of many enzymes and regulatory factors in fatty acid homeostasis were characterized. We reviewed their contributions to the development of heart failure and highlighted potential targets that may serve as promising new therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Xukun Bi
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Intervention and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310016, China;
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Adverse Cardiac Events in Cardiac Sarcoidosis Prediction by 123I-betamethyl-p-iodophenyl-pentadecanoic Acid Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography and Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Late Gadolinium Enhancement. Am J Cardiol 2022; 180:149-154. [DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2022.06.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
3
|
Miyauchi H, Hirano KI, Nakano Y, Shimada K, Nishikawa M, Yamamoto H, Nakamura A, Miyake A, Aoshima C, Fujimoto S, Nakatani D, Yamada T, Amano T, Nakajima K. 123I-BMIPP Scintigraphy Shows That CNT-01 (Tricaprin) Improves Myocardial Lipolysis in Patients with Idiopathic Triglyceride Deposit Cardiomyovasculopathy: First Randomized Controlled, Exploratory Trial for TGCV. ANNALS OF NUCLEAR CARDIOLOGY 2022; 8:67-75. [PMID: 36540180 PMCID: PMC9749752 DOI: 10.17996/anc.22-00167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
Background: Triglyceride deposit cardiomyovasculopathy (TGCV) is a rare intractable cardiovascular disorder (Orphanet ORPHAcode: 565612) in which defective intracellular lipolysis results in heart failure and coronary artery disease. Myocardial scintigraphy with 123I-β-methyl-p-iodophenylpentadecanoic acid (BMIPP) is useful to evaluate myocardial TG metabolism; its washout rate (WR) reflects myocardial lipolysis. This study reports the effects of CNT-01 (tricaprin), a developing orphan drug to facilitate lipolysis, on BMIPP-WR in patients with TGCV. Methods: An investigator-initiated, multicenter, randomized, double-blind exploratory, trial (Phase IIa) was conducted (UMIN000035403). Seventeen patients with idiopathic TGCV were orally administered 1.5 g/day of CNT-01 or placebo for 8 weeks. Endpoints included delta BMIPP-WR and clinical parameters such as 6-minwalk distance and TGCV severity score. Results: During the protocol, delta BMIPP-WRs were -0.26±3.28 and 7.08±3.28% (95% confidence intervals, -7.36 to 6.84 and -0.01 to 14.18) in the placebo and CNT-01 groups, respectively. The baseline-adjusted difference of delta BMIPP-WR between the two groups was significant (p=0.035) after one patient was excluded from the placebo group because of pseudonormalization of BMIPP-WR related to coronary bypass graft stenosis. Clinical parameters did not show significant changes. Conclusions: This study proved the mechanism of CNT-01 to improve myocardial lipolysis in TGCV, as demonstrated by BMIPP scintigraphy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hideyuki Miyauchi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Hirano
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Novel, Non-invasive, and Nutritional Therapeutics (CNT) and Triglyceride Research Center (TGRC), Department of Triglyceride Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yusuke Nakano
- Department of Cardiology, Aichi Medical University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kazunori Shimada
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Hiroyuki Yamamoto
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Narita-Tomisato Tokushukai Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Ayumi Nakamura
- Department of Pharmacy, Osaka University Hospital, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Medical Innovation, Osaka University Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akimitsu Miyake
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Chihiro Aoshima
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Fujimoto
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisaku Nakatani
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomomi Yamada
- Department of Medical Innovation, Osaka University Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Amano
- Department of Cardiology, Aichi Medical University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kenichi Nakajima
- Department of Functional Imaging and Artificial Intelligence, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yamamoto A, Nagao M, Watanabe E, Imamura Y, Suzuki A, Fukushima K, Ando K, Nakao R, Sakai A, Momose M, Sakai S, Hagiwara N. Prognosis and recurrence in cardiac sarcoidosis: Serial assessment of BMIPP SPECT and FDG-PET. J Nucl Cardiol 2021; 28:919-929. [PMID: 33728571 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-021-02567-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We analyzed 18F-Fludeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) and 123I-betamethyl-p-iodophenyl-pentadecanoic acid (BMIPP) single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) performed for cardiac sarcoidosis (CS) patients taking prednisolone, identified recurrence by FDG-PET, and investigated BMIPP as a recurrence and prognostic factor in CS. METHODS AND RESULTS CS patients who underwent BMIPP and FDG-PET within 2 months were enrolled. The recurrence-free group included patients with standardized uptake value (SUVmax) < 4 in the myocardium consecutively for ≥ 2 years. The total BMIPP SPECT defect score (BDS) was used to estimate myocardial damage. The predictability of the initial BDS and SUVmax for major adverse cardiac events (MACE) was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier analysis. Overall, 73 patients and 250 BMIPP and FDG-PET sets were analyzed retrospectively (mean follow-up, 3.5 years). The BDS was significantly greater for the recurrence group (N = 21) vs recurrence-free group (20 ± 13 vs 14 ± 12, P = 0.041). Patients with BDS ≥16 had a significantly higher MACE rate than patients with BDS < 16 (log-rank test, P = 0.016). However, MACE occurrence was comparable between patients with SUVmax ≥ 4 and < 4. CONCLUSIONS BDS is a predictive marker of recurrence and MACE. SUV is not related to MACE. Recurrence, defined by prednisolone treatment-induced SUV variability, was observed in approximately 30% of CS patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Yamamoto
- Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1, Kawadacho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan
| | - Michinobu Nagao
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1, Kawadacho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan.
| | - Eri Watanabe
- Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Imamura
- Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Suzuki
- Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Fukushima
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kiyoe Ando
- Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Risako Nakao
- Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akiko Sakai
- Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Momose
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1, Kawadacho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan
| | - Shuji Sakai
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1, Kawadacho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan
| | - Nobuhisa Hagiwara
- Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
He C, Weston TA, Jung RS, Heizer P, Larsson M, Hu X, Allan CM, Tontonoz P, Reue K, Beigneux AP, Ploug M, Holme A, Kilburn M, Guagliardo P, Ford DA, Fong LG, Young SG, Jiang H. NanoSIMS Analysis of Intravascular Lipolysis and Lipid Movement across Capillaries and into Cardiomyocytes. Cell Metab 2018; 27:1055-1066.e3. [PMID: 29719224 PMCID: PMC5945212 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2018.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/24/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The processing of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRLs) in capillaries provides lipids for vital tissues, but our understanding of TRL metabolism is limited, in part because TRL processing and lipid movement have never been visualized. To investigate the movement of TRL-derived lipids in the heart, mice were given an injection of [2H]triglyceride-enriched TRLs, and the movement of 2H-labeled lipids across capillaries and into cardiomyocytes was examined by NanoSIMS. TRL processing and lipid movement in tissues were extremely rapid. Within 30 s, TRL-derived lipids appeared in the subendothelial spaces and in the lipid droplets and mitochondria of cardiomyocytes. Enrichment of 2H in capillary endothelial cells was not greater than in cardiomyocytes, implying that endothelial cells may not be a control point for lipid movement into cardiomyocytes. Remarkably, a deficiency of the putative fatty acid transport protein CD36, which is expressed highly in capillary endothelial cells, did not impede entry of TRL-derived lipids into cardiomyocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cuiwen He
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Thomas A Weston
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Rachel S Jung
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Patrick Heizer
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Mikael Larsson
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Xuchen Hu
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Christopher M Allan
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Peter Tontonoz
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Karen Reue
- Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Anne P Beigneux
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Michael Ploug
- Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andrea Holme
- Centre for Microscopy, Characterisation and Analysis, University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Australia
| | - Matthew Kilburn
- Centre for Microscopy, Characterisation and Analysis, University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Australia
| | - Paul Guagliardo
- Centre for Microscopy, Characterisation and Analysis, University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Australia
| | - David A Ford
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - Loren G Fong
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Stephen G Young
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Haibo Jiang
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Centre for Microscopy, Characterisation and Analysis, University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hashimoto H, Nakanishi R, Mizumura S, Hashimoto Y, Okamura Y, Kiuchi S, Yamazaki J, Ikeda T. Prognostic Value of 123I-BMIPP SPECT in Patients with Nonischemic Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction. J Nucl Med 2017; 59:259-265. [PMID: 28775200 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.117.195743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Imaging of myocardial fatty acid metabolism using 123I-betamethyl-p-iodophenyl-pentadecanoic acid (123I-BMIPP) SPECT is useful for identifying high-risk patients with known ischemic heart disease. However, its utility for patients who have nonischemic heart failure with preserved ejection fraction is not well known. This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of the 123I-BMIPP defect score in such patients. Methods: Of 804 consecutive patients who were admitted to the hospital because of acute heart failure and underwent 123I-BMIPP SPECT, we identified 133 (mean age ± SD, 73 ± 13 y) who had normal coronary arteries by invasive coronary angiography and preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (≥50%) by echocardiography. 123I-BMIPP defects were quantitatively scored to obtain summed defect scores in 17 segments of 123I-BMIPP SPECT images. The patients were divided into 2 groups based on their score. The multivariate Cox model was used to assess a possible correlation between a higher score (≥4, n = 46) and major adverse cardiac events, including cardiac death, cardiovascular events, and hospitalization for heart failure, compared with a lower score (<4, n = 87). Results: During a mean follow-up of 2.5 y, 35 major adverse cardiac events occurred. The median scores in the high-score and low-score groups were 7.13 ± 4.21 and 1.29 ± 0.80, respectively. By multivariate Cox analysis, a higher score was associated with increased major adverse cardiac events, compared with a lower score (hazard ratio, 11.04; 95% confidence interval, 4.93-24.74; P < 0.001). Conclusion: This study demonstrated that the defect score by 123I-BMIPP SPECT may have potential prognostic value in patients who have nonischemic heart failure with preserved ejection fraction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hidenobu Hashimoto
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Toho University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; and
| | - Rine Nakanishi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Toho University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; and
| | - Sunao Mizumura
- Department of Radiology, Toho University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukiko Hashimoto
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Toho University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; and
| | - Yuriko Okamura
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Toho University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; and
| | - Shunsuke Kiuchi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Toho University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; and
| | - Junichi Yamazaki
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Toho University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; and
| | - Takanori Ikeda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Toho University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; and
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Nishimura M, Tokoro T, Takatani T, Sato N, Nishida M, Hashimoto T, Yamazaki S, Kobayashi H, Ono T. Effects of intravenous l-carnitine on myocardial fatty acid imaging in hemodialysis patients: responders or non-responders to l-carnitine. SPRINGERPLUS 2015; 4:353. [PMID: 26191480 PMCID: PMC4503700 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-015-1119-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
We investigated whether chronic intravenous administration of l-carnitine could improve myocardial fatty acid imaging in patients on maintenance hemodialysis. We enrolled 72 hemodialysis patients who had impaired myocardial fatty acid imaging and left ventricular dysfunction not based on coronary lesion. l-Carnitine (1,000 mg) was intravenously administered after dialysis for 1 year to 36 participants (Carnitine group), while not in the other 36 participants (Control group). Single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) using an iodinated fatty acid analogue, BMIPP, was performed. Uptake on SPECT images was graded in 17 segments on a five-point scale (0, normal; 4, absent) and assessed as BMIPP summed scores. During follow-up, 19 participants were discontinued from the study, and 53 participants (65 ± 12 years: 27 carnitine, 26 control) were analyzed. The mean BMIPP summed scores 1 year after carnitine administration did not differ from that before in the carnitine group, nor from that in the control group. However, improved SPECT (Changes in BMIPP summed scores <−20%) was found in 7 (25.9%) participants in the carnitine, whereas in 2 (7.7%) in the control group. Multivariate logistic analysis showed the improved SPECT was inversely associated with baseline serum albumin levels (1 g/L: odds ratio, 0.669); the cut-off was 35 g/L. Chronic intravenous l-carnitine might improve myocardial fatty acid imaging in a selected group of hemodialysis patients with hypoalbuminemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masato Nishimura
- Cardiovascular Division, Toujinkai Hospital, 83-1, Iga, Momoyama-cho, Fushimi-ku, Kyoto, 612-8026 Japan
| | - Toshiko Tokoro
- Department of Nephrology, Toujinkai Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Toru Takatani
- Department of Nephrology, Toujinkai Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Nodoka Sato
- Department of Urology, Toujinkai Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | - Toshihiko Ono
- Department of Urology, Toujinkai Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Nishimura M, Hashimoto T, Tamaki N, Kobayashi H, Ono T. Focal impairment in myocardial fatty acid imaging in the left anterior descending artery area, a strong predictor for cardiac death in hemodialysis patients without obstructive coronary artery disease. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2015; 42:1612-21. [PMID: 26112389 PMCID: PMC4521091 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-015-3120-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 06/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Purpose We investigated whether impaired patterns of myocardial fatty acid imaging were associated with cardiac death in dialysis patients without coronary lesions. Methods We prospectively enrolled 155 hemodialysis patients without obstructive coronary artery disease, who had been examined by single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) using the iodinated fatty acid analogue BMIPP. Uptake of BMIPP on SPECT was graded in 17 segments on a five-point scale (0, normal; 4, absent) and assessed as BMIPP summed scores. Of the enrolled 155 participants, we analyzed 95 who had BMIPP summed scores ≥ 6 (52 men and 43 women, 65 ± 11 years). BMIPP scores ≥ 2 in ≥ 2 consecutive segments in SPECT were defined as focal, and the others as non-focal pattern. Results Of 95 participants analyzed, 42 (44.2 %) showed focal and 53 (55.8 %) non-focal type. During follow-up for 5.1 ± 2.0 years, 42 died of cardiac events. The occurrence of cardiac death was higher in the focal than in the non-focal group (30/42 [71.4 %] versus 12/53 [22.6 %], p = 0.001). In stepwise Cox hazard analysis, focal pattern was associated with cardiac death (hazard ratio 2.266), independent of impairment of BMIPP SPECT (BMIPP summed scores ≥ 12). The predictive potential of BMIPP SPECT for cardiac death was higher (p < 0.001) in the left anterior descending artery area compared with other coronary territories. Conclusions Focal impairment in myocardial fatty acid imaging in the left anterior descending area may strongly predict cardiac death in this population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masato Nishimura
- Cardiovascular Division, Toujinkai Hospital, 83-1, Iga, Momoyama-cho, Fushimi-ku, Kyoto, 612-8026, Japan,
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Tarhda Z, Semlali O, Kettani A, Moussa A, Abumrad NA, Ibrahimi A. Three Dimensional Structure Prediction of Fatty Acid Binding Site on Human Transmembrane Receptor CD36. Bioinform Biol Insights 2013; 7:369-73. [PMID: 24348024 PMCID: PMC3859822 DOI: 10.4137/bbi.s12276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
CD36 is an integral membrane protein which is thought to have a hairpin-like structure with alpha-helices at the C and N terminals projecting through the membrane as well as a larger extracellular loop. This receptor interacts with a number of ligands including oxidized low density lipoprotein and long chain fatty acids (LCFAs). It is also implicated in lipid metabolism and heart diseases. It is therefore important to determine the 3D structure of the CD36 site involved in lipid binding. In this study, we predict the 3D structure of the fatty acid (FA) binding site [127-279 aa] of the CD36 receptor based on homology modeling with X-ray structure of Human Muscle Fatty Acid Binding Protein (PDB code: 1HMT). Qualitative and quantitative analysis of the resulting model suggests that this model was reliable and stable, taking in consideration over 97.8% of the residues in the most favored regions as well as the significant overall quality factor. Protein analysis, which relied on the secondary structure prediction of the target sequence and the comparison of 1HMT and CD36 [127-279 aa] secondary structures, led to the determination of the amino acid sequence consensus. These results also led to the identification of the functional sites on CD36 and revealed the presence of residues which may play a major role during ligand-protein interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zineb Tarhda
- Medical Biotechnology lab, Pharmacology and Toxicology Lab, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Mohammed V Souissi, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Oussama Semlali
- Medical Biotechnology lab, Pharmacology and Toxicology Lab, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Mohammed V Souissi, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Anas Kettani
- Faculty of Science, University Ben Msik, Casablanca, Morocco
| | | | - Nada A Abumrad
- Department of Medicine, Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Azeddine Ibrahimi
- Medical Biotechnology lab, Pharmacology and Toxicology Lab, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Mohammed V Souissi, Rabat, Morocco
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Abstract
Intestinal lipid transport plays a central role in fat homeostasis. Here we review the pathways regulating intestinal absorption and delivery of dietary and biliary lipid substrates, principally long-chain fatty acid, cholesterol, and other sterols. We discuss the regulation and functions of CD36 in fatty acid absorption, NPC1L1 in cholesterol absorption, as well as other lipid transporters including FATP4 and SRB1. We discuss the pathways of intestinal sterol efflux via ABCG5/G8 and ABCA1 as well as the role of the small intestine in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) biogenesis and reverse cholesterol transport. We review the pathways and genetic regulation of chylomicron assembly, the role of dominant restriction points such as microsomal triglyceride transfer protein and apolipoprotein B, and the role of CD36, l-FABP, and other proteins in formation of the prechylomicron complex. We will summarize current concepts of regulated lipoprotein secretion (including HDL and chylomicron pathways) and include lessons learned from families with genetic mutations in dominant pathways (i.e., abetalipoproteinemia, chylomicron retention disease, and familial hypobetalipoproteinemia). Finally, we will provide an integrative view of intestinal lipid homeostasis through recent findings on the role of lipid flux and fatty acid signaling via diverse receptor pathways in regulating absorption and production of satiety factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nada A Abumrad
- Center for Human Nutrition and Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Love-Gregory L, Sherva R, Schappe T, Qi JS, McCrea J, Klein S, Connelly MA, Abumrad NA. Common CD36 SNPs reduce protein expression and may contribute to a protective atherogenic profile. Hum Mol Genet 2010; 20:193-201. [PMID: 20935172 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddq449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Membrane CD36 functions in the uptake of fatty acids (FAs), oxidized lipoproteins and in signal transduction after binding these ligands. In rodents, CD36 is implicated in abnormal lipid metabolism, inflammation and atherosclerosis. In humans, CD36 variants have been identified to influence free FA and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels and to associate with the risk of the metabolic syndrome, coronary artery disease and stroke. In this study, 15 common lipid-associated CD36 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were evaluated for the impact on monocyte CD36 expression (protein and transcript) in 104 African Americans. In a subset of subjects, the SNPs were tested for association with monocyte surface CD36 (n=65) and platelet total CD36 (n=57). The relationship between CD36 expression and serum HDL and very low-density lipoproteins (VLDLs) levels was also examined. After a permutation-based correction for multiple tests, four SNPs (rs1761667, rs3211909, rs3211913, rs3211938) influenced monocyte CD36 protein and two (rs3211909, rs3211938) platelet CD36. The effect of the HDL-associated SNPs on CD36 expression inversely related to the impact on serum HDL and potential causality was supported by Mendelian randomization analysis. Consistent with this, monocyte CD36 protein negatively correlated with total HDL and HDL subfractions. In contrast, positive correlations were documented between monocyte CD36 and VLDL lipid, particle number and apolipoprotein B. In conclusion, CD36 variants that reduce protein expression appear to promote a protective metabolic profile. The SNPs in this study may have predictive potential on CD36 expression and disease susceptibility in African Americans. Further studies are warranted to validate and determine whether these findings are population specific.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Latisha Love-Gregory
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Matsuo S, Nakajima K, Yamashina S, Sakata K, Momose M, Hashimoto J, Kumita S, Kawano M, Okuda K. Characterization of Japanese standards for myocardial sympathetic and metabolic imaging in comparison with perfusion imaging. Ann Nucl Med 2009; 23:517-22. [DOI: 10.1007/s12149-009-0269-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2009] [Accepted: 04/07/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
13
|
Clinical utility of myocardial fatty acid imaging in patients with end-stage renal disease. J Nucl Cardiol 2008; 15:830-7. [PMID: 18984459 DOI: 10.1007/bf03007365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of coronary artery disease (CAD) appears to be much higher in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) undergoing dialysis than in a non-ESRD population. Cardiac death due to myocardial ischemia significantly contributes to the high mortality rate of ESRD patients. However, the method for screening for CAD in ESRD patients has not been established, because the frequency of silent myocardial ischemia is high and examinations requiring stress are often difficult to perform among this population. Myocardial fatty acid imaging may be a new modality to detect myocardial ischemia and identify the group at high risk for cardiac death among ESRD patients without adding any stress.
Collapse
|
14
|
Nishimura M, Tokoro T, Nishida M, Hashimoto T, Kobayashi H, Yamazaki S, Imai R, Okino K, Takahashi H, Ono T. Myocardial fatty acid imaging identifies a group of hemodialysis patients at high risk for cardiac death after coronary revascularization. Kidney Int 2008; 74:513-20. [PMID: 18528325 DOI: 10.1038/ki.2008.211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We prospectively evaluated if impaired myocardial fatty acid metabolism is involved in cardiac death after revascularization by percutaneous coronary artery intervention in dialysis patients. A cohort of hemodialysis patients was assessed by dual single-photon emission computed tomography using the radioiodinated fatty acid analogue BMIPP and radiolabeled thallium chloride. Tomography was done within one month before the first coronary intervention and at the last follow-up angiography at which neither restenosis nor de novo lesions were detected. Radiolabel uptake on tomography images was graded in segments and calculated as summed BMIPP or thallium scores. Among the 90 hemodialysis patients in the study, 19 died of cardiac events. Multivariate Cox hazard analysis found a significant association of cardiac death with the BMIPP summed scores at the last follow-up angiography. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed the cardiac death-free survival rates at 3 years of follow-up were significantly higher in patients with lower BMIPP summed scores. These results suggest that myocardial fatty acid imaging may be a useful test to identify high risk groups of cardiac death in hemodialysis patients.
Collapse
|
15
|
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In normal condition, the heart obtains more than two-thirds of its energy from the oxidative metabolism of long chain fatty acids, although a wide variety of substrates such as glucose, lactate, ketone bodies and amino acids are also utilised. In ischaemic myocardium, on the other hand, oxidative metabolism of free fatty acid is suppressed and anaerobic glucose metabolism plays a major role in residual oxidative metabolism. Therefore, metabolic imaging can be an important technique for the assessment of various cardiac diseases and conditions. MATERIALS AND METHODS In SPECT, several iodinated fatty acid traces have been introduced and studied. Of these, (123)I-labelled 15-(p-iodophenyl)3-R, S-methylpentadecanoic acid (BMIPP) has been the most commonly used tracer in clinical studies, especially in some of the European countries and Japan. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION In this review article, several fatty acid tracers for SPECT are characterised, and the mechanism of uptake and clinical utility of BMIPP are discussed in detail.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junichi Taki
- Department of Biotracer Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan.
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Aras O, Dilsizian V. Targeting ischemic memory. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2006; 18:46-51. [PMID: 17134889 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2006.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2006] [Revised: 11/02/2006] [Accepted: 11/20/2006] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Long-chain free fatty acids and glucose account for the vast majority of ATP production in the heart. An alteration of fatty acid oxidation is considered to be a sensitive marker of ischemia and myocardial damage. Recently, several radiolabeled fatty acid analogs have been introduced to assess myocardial cellular function. The use of such analogs has enabled the analysis of cardiac metabolism and led to the identification of prior ischemic events, termed 'ischemic memory'. Such advances will find use in the clinical setting for the diagnosis and treatment of subclinical or progressive cardiovascular disorders, as in acute coronary syndrome, that often remain elusive with traditional imaging approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Omer Aras
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, The University of Maryland Hospital and School of Medicine, 22 South Greene Street, Room N2W78, Baltimore, Maryland 21201-1595, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Nishimura M, Hashimoto T, Kobayashi H, Fukuda T, Okino K, Yamamoto N, Fujita H, Inoue Tsunehiko Nishimura N, Ono T. Myocardial scintigraphy using a fatty acid analogue detects coronary artery disease in hemodialysis patients. Kidney Int 2004; 66:811-9. [PMID: 15253738 DOI: 10.1111/j.1523-1755.2004.00808.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronary artery disease contributes significantly to mortality in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients. Single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) using an iodinated fatty acid analogue, iodine-123-methyl iodophenylpentadecanoic acid (123I-BMIPP), can assess fatty acid metabolism in the myocardium. We investigated the ability of 123I-BMIPP SPECT to detect coronary artery disease in hemodialysis patients compared with 201thallium chloride (201Tl) SPECT. METHODS We prospectively studied 130 ESRD patients undergoing hemodialysis for a mean of 88.6 months (male/female, 77/53; mean age, 63.8 years). Dual SPECT using 123I-BMIPP and 201Tl was performed, followed by coronary angiography. SPECT findings were graded in 17 segments on a five-point scale (0, normal uptake; 4, none) and assessed as a summed score. RESULTS By coronary angiography, 71.5% of patients (93/130) had significant coronary stenosis (> or =75%), and five patients showed coronary spasm without coronary stenosis. When a BMIPP summed score of 6 or more was defined as abnormal, sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for detecting coronary artery disease by BMIPP SPECT were 98.0%, 65.6%, and 90.0%, respectively; in contrast, these parameters for detecting coronary artery disease by Tl SPECT were 84.7%, 46.9%, and 75.0%, respectively, when a Tl summed score of 1 or more was defined as abnormal. In receiver operating characteristic analysis, the area under the curve was 0.895 in BMIPP and 0.727 in Tl SPECT, respectively. CONCLUSION Resting BMIPP SPECT is superior to Tl SPECT for detecting coronary lesions, and provides safe screening for coronary artery disease among maintenance hemodialysis patients.
Collapse
|
18
|
Tanaka T, Kono T, Terasaki F, Kintaka T, Sohmiya K, Mishima T, Kitaura Y. Gene-environment interactions in wet beriberi: effects of thiamine depletion in CD36-defect rats. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2003; 285:H1546-53. [PMID: 12969879 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00182.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Selective vulnerability to thiamine deficiency is known to occur between individuals and within different tissues. However, no comprehensive explanation for this has been found, and there are no reports that reproduce the cardiovascular manifestations of human wet beriberi in animals. We hypothesized that the distinction of substrate reliance, namely, the primary dependency on glucose as substrate, could be an underlying factor in the selective vulnerability of thiamine deficiency. In the setting of impaired fatty acid entry, which occurs in CD36-defect rats, substrate reliance shifts from fatty acid to glucose, which would be expected to lead to a susceptibility to thiamine deficiency. Genomic DNA was analyzed for CD36 defects in three cognate strains of rats [spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR)/NCrj, SHR/Izm, and Wistar-Kyoto (WKY)/NCrj], which identified the presence of a CD36 defect in SHR/NCrj rats but not in SHR/Izm and WKY/NCrj rats. Treatment with 2 wk of thiamine-depleted chow on 4-wk-old rats of each of these strains resulted in increased body and lung weight in the SHR/NCrj rats but not in the SHR/Izm and WKY/NCrj rats. The increased lung weight in the SHR/NCrj rats was accompanied with histological changes of congestive vasculopathy, which were not observed in either the SHR/Izm or the WKY/NCrj rats. Thiamine-deficient 12-wk-old SHR/NCrj rats demonstrated increased body weight (305.6 +/- 6.2 g in thiamine-deficient rats vs. 280.8 +/- 9.1 g in control; P < 0.0001), lactic acidemia (pH, 7.322 +/- 0.026 in thiamine-deficient rats vs. 7.443 +/- 0.016 in control; P < 0.0001; lactate, 2.42 +/- 0.28 mM in thiamine-deficient rats vs. 1.20 +/- 0.11 mM in control; P < 0.0001) and reduced systemic vascular resistance (4.61 +/- 0.42 x 104 dyn.s.cm-5 in thiamine-deficient rats vs. 6.55 +/- 1.36 x 104 dyn.s.cm-5 in control; P < 0.0001) with high cardiac output (186.0 +/- 24.7 ml in thiamine-deficient rats vs. 135.4 +/- 27.2 ml in control; P < 0.0019). In conclusion, SHR/NCrj rats harboring a genetic defect of long-chain fatty acid uptake present the relevant clinical cardiovascular signs of human wet beriberi, strongly indicating a close gene-environment interaction in wet beriberi.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takao Tanaka
- Third Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-8686, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Black PN, DiRusso CC. Transmembrane movement of exogenous long-chain fatty acids: proteins, enzymes, and vectorial esterification. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2003; 67:454-72, table of contents. [PMID: 12966144 PMCID: PMC193871 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.67.3.454-472.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The processes that govern the regulated transport of long-chain fatty acids across the plasma membrane are quite distinct compared to counterparts involved in the transport of hydrophilic solutes such as sugars and amino acids. These differences stem from the unique physical and chemical properties of long-chain fatty acids. To date, several distinct classes of proteins have been shown to participate in the transport of exogenous long-chain fatty acids across the membrane. More recent work is consistent with the hypothesis that in addition to the role played by proteins in this process, there is a diffusional component which must also be considered. Central to the development of this hypothesis are the appropriate experimental systems, which can be manipulated using the tools of molecular genetics. Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae are ideally suited as model systems to study this process in that both (i) exhibit saturable long-chain fatty acid transport at low ligand concentrations, (ii) have specific membrane-bound and membrane-associated proteins that are components of the transport apparatus, and (iii) can be easily manipulated using the tools of molecular genetics. In both systems, central players in the process of fatty acid transport are fatty acid transport proteins (FadL or Fat1p) and fatty acyl coenzyme A (CoA) synthetase (FACS; fatty acid CoA ligase [AMP forming] [EC 6.2.1.3]). FACS appears to function in concert with FadL (bacteria) or Fat1p (yeast) in the conversion of the free fatty acid to CoA thioesters concomitant with transport, thereby rendering this process unidirectional. This process of trapping transported fatty acids represents one fundamental mechanism operational in the transport of exogenous fatty acids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul N Black
- The Ordway Research Institute and Center for Cardiovascular Sciences, The Albany Medical College, Albany, New York 12208, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Irie H, Krukenkamp IB, Brinkmann JFF, Gaudette GR, Saltman AE, Jou W, Glatz JFC, Abumrad NA, Ibrahimi A. Myocardial recovery from ischemia is impaired in CD36-null mice and restored by myocyte CD36 expression or medium-chain fatty acids. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2003; 100:6819-24. [PMID: 12746501 PMCID: PMC164530 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1132094100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Long-chain fatty acid uptake, which provides a large part of myocardial energy, is impaired in human and murine hearts deficient in the membrane fatty acid translocase, FAT/CD36. We examined myocardial function in CD36-null mice using the working heart. Fatty acid oxidation and stores of glycogen, triglycerides, and ATP were reduced in CD36-deficient hearts and were restored to WT levels by rescue of myocyte CD36. Under normal perfusion conditions, CD36-null hearts had similar cardiac outputs and end-diastolic pressures as WT or transgenic hearts. After 6 min of ischemia, cardiac output decreased by 41% and end diastolic pressure tripled for CD36-null hearts, with no significant changes in WT or transgenic hearts. Null hearts also failed more frequently after ischemia as compared with WT or transgenics. To dissect out contribution of fatty acid uptake, a perfusate-lacking fatty acids was used. This decreased cardiac output after ischemia by 30% in WT hearts as compared with 50% for CD36-deficient hearts. End diastolic pressure, a negative index of myocardial performance, increased after ischemia in all heart types. Addition to the perfusate of a medium-chain fatty acid (caprylic acid) that does not require CD36 for uptake alleviated poor ischemic tolerance of CD36-null hearts. In summary, recovery from ischemia is compromised in CD36-deficient hearts and can be restored by CD36 rescue or by supplying medium-chain fatty acids. It would be important to determine whether the findings apply to the human situation where polymorphisms of the CD36 gene are relatively common.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Irie
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Stony Brook University, NY 11794, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Abstract
Long-chain fatty acids are an important constituent of the diet and they contribute to a multitude of cellular pathways and functions. Uptake of long-chain fatty acids across plasma membranes is the first step in fatty acid utilization, and recent evidence supports an important regulatory role for this process. Although uptake of fatty acids involves two components, passive diffusion through the lipid bilayer and protein-facilitated transfer, the latter component appears to play the major role in mediating uptake by key tissues. Identification of several proteins as fatty acid transporters, and emerging evidence from genetically altered animal models for some of these proteins, has contributed significant insight towards understanding the limiting role of transport in the regulation of fatty acid utilization. We are also beginning to better appreciate how disturbances in fatty acid utilization influence general metabolism and contribute to metabolic pathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tahar Hajri
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York, 11794-8661, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Podrez EA, Poliakov E, Shen Z, Zhang R, Deng Y, Sun M, Finton PJ, Shan L, Gugiu B, Fox PL, Hoff HF, Salomon RG, Hazen SL. Identification of a novel family of oxidized phospholipids that serve as ligands for the macrophage scavenger receptor CD36. J Biol Chem 2002; 277:38503-16. [PMID: 12105195 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m203318200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 346] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The macrophage scavenger receptor CD36 plays an important role in the uptake of oxidized forms of low density lipoprotein (LDL) and contributes to lesion development in murine models of atherosclerosis. However, the structural basis of CD36 lipoprotein ligand recognition is unknown. We now identify a novel class of oxidized phospholipids that serve as high affinity ligands for CD36 and mediate recognition of oxidized forms of LDL by CD36 on macrophages. Small unilamellar vesicles of homogeneous phosphatidylcholine (PC) molecular species were oxidized by the myeloperoxidase (MPO)-H(2)O(2)-NO(2)(-) system, and products were separated by sequential LC/ESI/MS/MS. In parallel, fractions were tested for their ability to bind to CD36. Four major structurally related phospholipids with CD36 binding activity were identified from oxidized 1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonyl-PC, and four corresponding structural analogs with CD36 binding activity were identified from oxidized 1-palmitoyl-2-linoleoyl-PC. Each was then synthetically prepared, its structure confirmed by multinuclear NMR and high resolution mass spectrometry, and shown to possess identical CD36 binding activity and LC/ESI/MS/MS characteristics in both native and derivatized forms. Based upon the structures of the active compounds identified, and structure-function studies with a variety of synthetic analogs, we conclude that the structural characteristics required for high affinity binding of oxidized PC species to CD36 are a phospholipid with an sn-2 acyl group that incorporates a terminal gamma-hydroxy(or oxo)-alpha,beta-unsaturated carbonyl (oxPC(CD36)). LC/ESI/MS/MS studies demonstrate that oxPC(CD36) are formed during LDL oxidation by multiple distinct pathways. Formation of this novel class of oxidized PC species contributes to CD36-mediated recognition of LDL oxidized by MPO and other biologically relevant mechanisms. The present results offer structural insights into the molecular patterns recognized by the scavenger receptor CD36 and provide a platform for the development of potential therapeutic inhibitory agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eugene A Podrez
- Department of Cell Biology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Abstract
CD36 is a multispecific membrane glycoprotein that has been postulated to have a variety of functions. Evidence generated in isolated cells and in mice and rat models of altered CD36 expression has indicated an important role for CD36 in membrane transport of long-chain fatty acids. The cumulative data indicate that CD36 facilitates a major fraction of fatty acid uptake by muscle and fat, and that CD36 deficiency is associated with a large (60-80%) defect in fatty acid uptake by those tissues. In humans, polymorphisms in the CD36 gene may underlie defective fatty acid metabolism and some forms of heart disease. Herein we review our current understanding of the transport function and regulation of CD36. The realization that the transport step rate limits cellular fatty acid utilization suggests that abnormalities in CD36 expression or function may impact on susceptibility to certain metabolic diseases such as obesity and insulin resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Azeddine Ibrahimi
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York 11794-8661, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Ito K, Sugihara H, Kawasaki T, Katoh S, Azuma A, Nakagawa M. Dynamic changes in cardiac fatty acid metabolism in the stunned human myocardium. Ann Nucl Med 2001; 15:343-50. [PMID: 11577759 DOI: 10.1007/bf02988241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The chronological changes or mechanisms in cardiac fatty acid metabolism under clinical conditions of hypoxia and ischemia have not been fully elucidated. 123-15-(p-iodophenyl)-3-R,S-methylpentadecanoic acid (BMIPP) can be used with single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) to evaluate myocardial fatty acid metabolism. We investigated chronological changes in energy metabolism in the stunned human myocardium by means of 123I-BMIPP myocardial SPECT. METHODS AND RESULTS We conducted 123I-BMIPP myocardial SPECT in 10 patients with stunned myocardium during the acute, subacute and chronic phases after onset. The left ventricle was divided into 9 regions on SPECT, and the degree of abnormalities in each region was scored in four grades from normal (0) to defect (4). We also examined wash-out rates on BMIPP images. The scores on early BMIPP images in the acute, subacute and chronic phases were 5.6 +/- 1.8, 13.4 +/- 3.5 and 2.5 +/- 1.1, respectively, and the score was highest in the subacute phase (p < 0.001). Similarly, scores on the late images were 2.3 +/- 1.7, 18.3 +/- 4.5 and 4.7 +/- 2.6, respectively, and highest in the subacute phase (p < 0.001). The wash-out rates (normal: 18.2 +/- 2.1%) in the acute, subacute and chronic phases were 12.1 +/- 4.8%, 44.9 +/- 10.0% and 23.1 +/- 4.6%, respectively, with the value being lowest during the acute phase (p < 0.05), and highest during the subacute phase (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION These results suggested that fatty acid metabolism in the stunned human myocardium changes dynamically over time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Ito
- Division of Cardiology, Murakami Memorial Hospital, Asahi University, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Tanaka T, Nakata T, Oka T, Ogawa T, Okamoto F, Kusaka Y, Sohmiya K, Shimamoto K, Itakura K. Defect in human myocardial long-chain fatty acid uptake is caused by FAT/CD36 mutations. J Lipid Res 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-2275(20)31637-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
|
26
|
Zen K, Ito K, Hikosaka T, Adachi Y, Yoneyama S, Katoh S, Azuma A, Sugihara H, Nakagawa M. Uncommon and dynamic changes detected by 123I-15-(p-iodophenyl)-3-R,S-methylpentadecanoic acid myocardial single photon emission computed tomography in a stunned myocardium induced by coronary microvascular spasm. Ann Nucl Med 2000; 14:303-9. [PMID: 11023032 DOI: 10.1007/bf02988215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
A 55-yr-old man underwent surgery. Soon after the procedure was finished, the patient complained of chest pain, and the electrocardiogram showed increase in the ST-segment in some leads. Emergency angiography showed normal coronary arteries, but there was asynergy in the left ventricle, and delayed filling of contrast medium was observed in the LCA. An intracoronary infusion of isosorbide dinitrate did not improve the delayed filling of contrast medium or ST segment increase in the electrocardiogram. Soon after nicorandil was injected into the LCA, the patient's symptoms, electrocardiogram, and delayed filling of contrast medium dramatically improved. On the second day, initial imaging by 123I-BMIPP myocardial SPECT showed a moderate increase in tracer uptake in the apico-anteroseptal region and a moderate decrease in tracer uptake in the lateral region, in which the first left ventriculography showed akinesis, and delayed imaging revealed a moderate increase in tracer uptake in the apical region and a high washout of 123I-BMIPP in the anteroseptal and lateral regions. On the sixth day, initial imaging by 123I-BMIPP myocardial SPECT showed a moderate decrease in tracer uptake in the apical and lateral regions and a mild decrease in tracer uptake in the anteroseptal region, and delayed imaging revealed a moderate increase in tracer uptake in the apical region and a high washout of 123I-BMIPP in the anteroseptal and lateral regions. By the 30th day, 123I-BMIPP myocardial SPECT had normalized. We consider that these dynamic changes in 123I-BMIPP myocardial SPECT imaging may reflect metabolic changes in fatty acids in the ischemic state, the size of the triacylglycerol pool, and the degree of turnover in the triacylglycerol pool.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Zen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Murakami Memorial Hospital, Asahi University, Gifu, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Yamaguchi A, Yamamoto N, Akamatsu N, Saido TC, Kaneda M, Umeda M, Tanoue K. PS-liposome and ox-LDL bind to different sites of the immunodominant domain (#155-183) of CD36: a study with GS95, a new anti-CD36 monoclonal antibody. Thromb Res 2000; 97:317-26. [PMID: 10709907 DOI: 10.1016/s0049-3848(99)00179-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
CD36, a multifunctional adhesive receptor on a variety of cells such as monocytes and platelets, has been implicated in clearance of modified LDL and in the removal of apoptotic or senescent cells. We recently developed a new anti-CD36 monoclonal antibody, GS95. We determined the binding site of phosphatidylserine (PS)-liposome on CD36 by flow cytometric analysis of competitive bindings between phospholipid-liposomes or synthetic CD36 peptides and FITC-labeled anti-CD36 antibodies (GS95, OKM5, and FA6-152). The epitope of GS95 was mapped to the amino acid sequence #162-183 of CD36 that was partially overlapped with, but distinct from, #155-183, which has been reported as the epitopes of two commercially available antibodies, OKM5 and FA6-152. Oxidized-LDL dose-dependently inhibited bindings of both GS95 and OKM5 antibodies to platelet CD36, while PS-liposome inhibited the binding of GS95 but not OKM5 or FA6-152. These results indicate that the binding site of PS-liposome on platelet CD36 is not identical to that of oxidized-LDL and may be located in the amino acid sequence #162-183.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Yamaguchi
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, The Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Metropolitan Organization for Medical Research, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Affiliation(s)
- B I Frohnert
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, 140 Gortner Laboratory, 1479 Gortner Avenue, Saint Paul 55108-1022, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Ibrahimi A, Bonen A, Blinn WD, Hajri T, Li X, Zhong K, Cameron R, Abumrad NA. Muscle-specific overexpression of FAT/CD36 enhances fatty acid oxidation by contracting muscle, reduces plasma triglycerides and fatty acids, and increases plasma glucose and insulin. J Biol Chem 1999; 274:26761-6. [PMID: 10480880 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.274.38.26761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 251] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence has implicated the membrane protein CD36 (FAT) in binding and transport of long chain fatty acids (FA). To determine the physiological role of CD36, we examined effects of its overexpression in muscle, a tissue that depends on FA for its energy needs and is responsible for clearing a major fraction of circulating FA. Mice with CD36 overexpression in muscle were generated using the promoter of the muscle creatine kinase gene (MCK). Transgenic (MCK-CD36) mice had a slightly lower body weight than control litter mates. This reflected a leaner body mass with less overall adipose tissue, as evidenced by magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Soleus muscles from transgenic animals exhibited a greatly enhanced ability to oxidize fatty acids in response to stimulation/contraction. This increased oxidative ability was not associated with significant alterations in histological appearance of muscle fibers. Transgenic mice had lower blood levels of triglycerides and fatty acids and a reduced triglyceride content of very low density lipoproteins. Blood cholesterol levels were slightly lower, but no significant decrease in the cholesterol content of major lipoprotein fractions was measured. Blood glucose was significantly increased, while insulin levels were similar in the fed state and higher in the fasted state. However, glucose tolerance curves, determined at 20 weeks of age, were similar in control and transgenic mice. In summary, the study documented, in vivo, the role of CD36 to facilitate cellular FA uptake. It also illustrated importance of the uptake process in muscle to overall FA metabolism and glucose utilization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Ibrahimi
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794-8661, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Kawasaki T, Ito K, Okano A, Nagata K, Okamoto A, Yoneyama S, Katoh S. A dynamic change by 123I-15-(p-iodophenyl)-3-R,S-methyl pentadecanoic acid myocardial single photon emission computed tomography in a 55-year-old woman. JAPANESE CIRCULATION JOURNAL 1999; 63:732-6. [PMID: 10496493 DOI: 10.1253/jcj.63.732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A 55-year-old woman was admitted to hospital with chest discomfort. Emergency angiography revealed no organic stenosis in the coronary artery, but there was akinesis in the apico-anteroseptal region of the left ventricle. Left ventriculography on the 5th day after admission was normal. On the 2nd day, initial imaging by 123I-15-(p-iodophenyl)-3-R,S-methylpentadecanoic acid (BMIPP) myocardial single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) indicated a slight decrease in tracer uptake and delayed imaging revealed fill-in in the apicoanteroseptal regions in spite of akinesis in those areas. On the 4th day, initial imaging by 123I-BMIPP showed a moderate decrease in tracer uptake and delayed imaging revealed a high washout again in those areas. On the 12th day, initial imaging by 123I-BMIPP showed a severely reduced uptake in the apico-anteroseptal regions and delayed imaging disclosed a high washout, in the same areas that showed akinesis during the acute phase. On the 35th day, 123I-BMIPP identified no significant decrease in tracer uptake. It is suggested that these dynamic changes in 123I-BMIPP myocardial SPECT imaging may reflect the metabolic change of fatty acid in the ischemic state, the size and degree of turnover of the triacylglycerol pool.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Kawasaki
- Department of Internal Medicine, Murakami Memorial Hospital, Asahi University, Gifu, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Nakata T, Nakahara N, Sohmiya K, Okamoto F, Tanaka T, Kawamura K, Shimamoto K. Scintigraphic evidence for a specific long-chain fatty acid transporting system deficit and the genetic background in a patient with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. JAPANESE CIRCULATION JOURNAL 1999; 63:319-22. [PMID: 10475783 DOI: 10.1253/jcj.63.319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism of cardiac uptake of long-chain free fatty acids has not been fully determined. We encountered a hypertrophic cardiomyopathy patient who showed a lack of cardiac uptake of 2 different types of long-chain fatty acid analogues on the scintigraphic images. Flow cytometric analysis revealed no platelet or monocyte CD36 molecule expression (type I CD36 deficiency) and his CD36 gene showed homozygous mutation for 478C to T substitution, leading to an abnormal CD36 amino acid sequence. These findings strongly suggest that a specific transporting system rather than a simple diffusion is commonly involved in the cardiac uptake of long-chain free fatty acids in humans, and that the CD36 protein is the most likely candidate for the specific transporter and to explain scintigraphic defects on fatty acid imaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Nakata
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Watanabe K, Toba K, Ogawa Y, Kodama M, Hirono S, Ohkura Y, Hanawa H, Nakamura Y, Aoki Y, Fuse I, Aizawa Y, Miyajima S, Kusano Y, Nagatomo T, Hasegawa G, Naito M. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with type I CD36 deficiency. JAPANESE CIRCULATION JOURNAL 1998; 62:541-2. [PMID: 9707013 DOI: 10.1253/jcj.62.541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
CD36 is a multifunctional membrane-type receptor glycoprotein that reacts with oxidized low-density lipoprotein and long-chain fatty acid (LCFA). A patient presented with hereditary hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and type I CD36 deficiency (neither platelets nor monocytes expressed CD36) but showed no myocardial LCFA accumulation. CD36 was expressed in the capillary endothelial cells of the cardiac muscle of a control subject, while the patient's myocardial capillary endothelial cells were completely CD36-negative. These results suggest that type I CD36 deficiency is closely related to hereditary HCM and lack of myocardial LCFA accumulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Watanabe
- Clinical Pharmacology, Niigata College of Pharmacy, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Okamoto F, Tanaka T, Sohmiya K, Kawamura K. CD36 abnormality and impaired myocardial long-chain fatty acid uptake in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. JAPANESE CIRCULATION JOURNAL 1998; 62:499-504. [PMID: 9707006 DOI: 10.1253/jcj.62.499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Some patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) demonstrate abnormal myocardial long-chain fatty acid (LCFA) metabolism. However, the exact mechanism involved is unknown. Recently, it was proposed that myocardial cells take up LCFAs via a specific mechanism, in which the CD36 molecule has been implicated as a possible candidate molecule. In addition, a high prevalence of CD36 deficiency was also found in a small number of HCM patients. Accordingly, the investigation of abnormality of the CD36 molecule in a large number of HCM patients may be useful in finding the possible cause of HCM. Moreover, the analysis of myocardial LCFA uptake in patients with molecular abnormalities may be helpful in understanding the possible function of this molecule. In this study, in order to discover the relationship between HCM and the CD36 molecular abnormality, the expression level of platelet CD36 and CD36 cDNA in 55 HCM patients was analyzed. Twelve patients showed negligible (<5%) CD36 expression on their platelets. Among them, one was found to be homozygous for the C-478-->T substitution and 6 were heterozygous for the C-478-->T substitution. In 9 patients, CD36 was expressed by less than 50% of the platelets. One of them was found to be heterozygous for the C-478-->T substitution. Two other patients were also found to be heterozygous for this point mutation, although their platelets expressed CD36. Thus, 23 out of 55 (41.8%) HCM patients had negligible (<5%) or reduced (<50%) levels of CD36 expression on platelets, or had a point mutation of CD36 cDNA. These 55 HCM patients were also evaluated with myocardial scintigraphy both for LCFA uptake and perfusion, which showed a moderate to severe discrepancy between myocardial LCFA accumulation and myocardial perfusion in 95.5% of the patients (21/23). On the other hand, 70% of the patients with normal (>90%) CD36 expression (14/20) did not show any severe discrepancies between myocardial LCFA accumulation and myocardial perfusion. These data could suggest that abnormal myocardial LCFA metabolism seen in HCM patients may be related to abnormality of the CD36 molecule, and that abnormalities of this molecule may be linked to the cause of some types of HCM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Okamoto
- Department of Internal Medicine, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Japan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Matsuo S, Nakamura Y, Takahashi M, Mitsunami K, Kinoshita M. Myocardial metabolic abnormalities in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy assessed by iodine-123-labeled beta-methyl-branched fatty acid myocardial scintigraphy and its relation to exercise-induced ischemia. JAPANESE CIRCULATION JOURNAL 1998; 62:167-72. [PMID: 9583441 DOI: 10.1253/jcj.62.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Reversible thallium-201 (201Tl) abnormalities during exercise stress have been used as markers of myocardial ischemia in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and are most likely to identify relatively underperfused myocardium. Although metabolic abnormalities in HCM were reported, the relationship between impaired energy metabolism and exercise-induced ischemia has not been fully elucidated as yet. To assess the relationship between myocardial perfusion abnormalities and fatty acid metabolic abnormalities, 28 patients with HCM underwent exercise 201Tl and rest 123I-15-(p-iodophenyl)-3-methyl pentadecanoic acid (BMIPP) scintigraphy. Perfusion abnormalities were observed by exercise 201Tl in 19/28 patients with HCM. 123I-BMIPP uptake was decreased compared with delayed 201Tl in 106/364 (29%) of the total myocardial segments (p<0.01, McNemar symmetry test). Such disparity between 123I-BMIPP and 201Tl was observed more often in the 49/75 (65%) segments with reversible exercise 201Tl defects (p<0.001). Our results indicate that exercise-induced myocardial ischemia exists in HCM, resulting in metabolic abnormalities. The combination of 123I BMIPP and 201Tl suggests that myocardial ischemia may play an important role in metabolic abnormalities in HCM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Matsuo
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|