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Nie K, Gao Y, Wang H, Su H, Chen S, Jiang X, Dong H, Tang Y. Jiao-tai-wan and its effective component-coptisine alleviate cognitive impairment in db/db mice through the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 134:155954. [PMID: 39178683 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive impairment (CI) is now well-accepted as a complication and comorbidity of diabetes mellitus (DM), becoming a serious medical and social problem. Jiao-tai-wan (JTW), one of noted traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), showed dual therapeutic effects on DM and CI. Nevertheless, the potential mechanism is unclear. PURPOSE This study sought to investigate the mechanism how JTW protected against DM and CI and screen the active component in JTW. METHODS Db/db mice were used as mouse models. Mice were treated by gavage with 0.9 % saline (0.1 mL/10g/d), low dose of JTW (2.4 g/kg/d) or high dose of JTW (4.8 g/kg/d) for 8 weeks separately. To access the effects of JTW, the levels of OGTT, HOMA-IR, blood lipids, inflammatory cytokines in serum and hippocampus were measured, behavioral tests were conducted, and histopathological changes were observed. The mechanism exploration was performed via network pharmacology, RT-qPCR, western blot, and immunofluorescence staining (IF). The impact and mechanism of coptisine in vitro were investigated using BV2 cells induced by LPS as cellular models. In vitro experiments were conducted in two parts. The first part comprised four groups: Control group, LPS group, LPS+LCOP group and LPS+HCOP group. The second part consisted of four groups: Control group, LPS group, LPS+HCOP group, and LPS+ Fed group. The western blot and RT-qPCR methods were used to examine the changes in biomarkers of the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathways in BV2 cells. RESULTS The results demonstrated that JTW could improve OGTT and HOMA-IR, reduce the serum levels of LDL-C, HDL-C, TG, and TC, restore neuronal dysfunction and synaptic plasticity, and decrease the deposition of Aβ in the hippocampus. The findings from ELISA, IF, and RT-qPCR revealed that JTW could alleviate microglial activation and inflammatory status in vivo and coptisine could play the same role in vitro. Moreover, the changes of the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway in LPS-induced BV2 cells or hippocampus of db/db mice were distinctly reversed by coptisine or JTW, respectively. CONCLUSION Our study suggested that JTW and its effective component coptisine could alleviate diabetes mellitus-related cognitive impairment, closely linked to the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kexin Nie
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Yang Gao
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Hongzhan Wang
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Hao Su
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Shen Chen
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Xinyue Jiang
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Hui Dong
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China.
| | - Yueheng Tang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China.
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Peng Y, Yao SY, Chen Q, Jin H, Du MQ, Xue YH, Liu S. True or false? Alzheimer's disease is type 3 diabetes: Evidences from bench to bedside. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 99:102383. [PMID: 38955264 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Globally, Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most widespread chronic neurodegenerative disorder, leading to cognitive impairment, such as aphasia and agnosia, as well as mental symptoms, like behavioral abnormalities, that place a heavy psychological and financial burden on the families of the afflicted. Unfortunately, no particular medications exist to treat AD, as the current treatments only impede its progression.The link between AD and type 2 diabetes (T2D) has been increasingly revealed by research; the danger of developing both AD and T2D rises exponentially with age, with T2D being especially prone to AD. This has propelled researchers to investigate the mechanism(s) underlying this connection. A critical review of the relationship between insulin resistance, Aβ, oxidative stress, mitochondrial hypothesis, abnormal phosphorylation of Tau protein, inflammatory response, high blood glucose levels, neurotransmitters and signaling pathways, vascular issues in AD and diabetes, and the similarities between the two diseases, is presented in this review. Grasping the essential mechanisms behind this detrimental interaction may offer chances to devise successful therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Peng
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated First Hospital of Hunan Traditional Chinese Medical College, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China; Department of Neurology, Affiliated Provincial Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China.
| | - Shun-Yu Yao
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated First Hospital of Hunan Traditional Chinese Medical College, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China; Department of Neurology, Affiliated Provincial Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China
| | - Quan Chen
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated First Hospital of Hunan Traditional Chinese Medical College, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China; Department of Neurology, Affiliated Provincial Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China
| | - Hong Jin
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated First Hospital of Hunan Traditional Chinese Medical College, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China; Department of Neurology, Affiliated Provincial Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China
| | - Miao-Qiao Du
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated First Hospital of Hunan Traditional Chinese Medical College, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China; Department of Neurology, Affiliated Provincial Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China
| | - Ya-Hui Xue
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated First Hospital of Hunan Traditional Chinese Medical College, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China; Department of Neurology, Affiliated Provincial Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China
| | - Shu Liu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated First Hospital of Hunan Traditional Chinese Medical College, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China; Department of Neurology, Affiliated Provincial Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China
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Xie J, Yan J, Ji K, Guo Y, Xu S, Shen D, Li C, Gao H, Zhao L. Fibroblast growth factor 21 enhances learning and memory performance in mice by regulating hippocampal L-lactate homeostasis. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 271:132667. [PMID: 38801850 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is one endogenous metabolic molecule that functions as a regulator in glucose and lipid homeostasis. However, the effect of FGF21 on L-lactate homeostasis and its mechanism remains unclear until now. Forty-five Six-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were divided into three groups: control, L-lactate, and FGF21 (1.5 mg/kg) groups. At the end of the treatment, nuclear magnetic resonance-based metabolomics, and key proteins related to L-lactate homeostasis were determined respectively to evaluate the efficacy of FGF21 and its mechanisms. The results showed that, compared to the vehicle group, the L-lactate-treated mice displayed learning and memory performance impairments, as well as reduced hippocampal ATP and NADH levels, but increased oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and apoptosis, which suggesting inhibited L-lactate-pyruvate conversion in the brain. Conversely, FGF21 treatment ameliorated the L-lactate accumulation state, accompanied by restoration of the learning and memory defects, indicating enhanced L-lactate uptake and utilization in hippocampal neurons. We demonstrated that maintaining constant L-lactate-pyruvate flux is essential for preserving neuronal bioenergetic and redox levels. FGF21 contributed to preparing the brain for situations of high availability of L-lactate, thus preventing neuronal vulnerability in metabolic reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaojiao Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Drugs and Large-scale Manufacturing, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiapin Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Drugs and Large-scale Manufacturing, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Keru Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Drugs and Large-scale Manufacturing, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuejun Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Drugs and Large-scale Manufacturing, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Sibei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Drugs and Large-scale Manufacturing, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Danjie Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Drugs and Large-scale Manufacturing, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Drugs and Large-scale Manufacturing, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hongchang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Drugs and Large-scale Manufacturing, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang, China; Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Liangcai Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Drugs and Large-scale Manufacturing, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang, China.
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Li M, Yao L, He M, Huang H, Zheng H, Ma S, Zhong Z, Yu S, Sun M, Wang H. "Adjust Zang and arouse spirit" electroacupuncture ameliorates cognitive impairment by reducing endoplasmic reticulum stress in db/db mice. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1185022. [PMID: 37152933 PMCID: PMC10154981 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1185022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Diabetic cognitive impairment (DCI) is a chronic complication of the central nervous system (CNS) caused by diabetes that affects learning and memory capacities over time. Recently, acupuncture has been shown to improve cognitive impairment in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. However, the effects of electroacupuncture on DCI and its underlying mechanism have not yet been elucidated in detail. Methods In this study, we used db/db mice as DCI animal models which showed low cognitive, learning and memory functions. Electroacupuncture significantly ameliorated DCI, which is reflected by better spatial learning and memory function using behavioral tests. The db/db mice with cognitive impairment were randomly divided into a model group (Mod) and an electroacupuncture treatment group (Acup), while db/m mice were used as a normal control group (Con). First, the mice were subjected to behavioural tests using the Morris water maze (MWM), and body weight, blood glucose, insulin, triglycerides (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) were observed; HE, Nissl, and TUNEL staining were used to observe the morphological changes and neuronal apoptosis in the mice hippocampus; Finally, Western blot and rt-PCR were applied to detect the essential proteins and mRNA of ERS and insulin signalling pathway, as well as the expression levels of Tau and Aβ. Results Electroacupuncture significantly ameliorated DCI, which is reflected by better spatial learning and memory function using behavioral tests. Moreover, electroacupuncture attenuated diabetes-induced morphological structure change, neuronal apoptosis in the hippocampus of db/db mice. Our results revealed that electroacupuncture could regulate the expression levels of Tau and Aβ by improving hippocampal ERS levels in db/db mice, inhibiting JNK activation, attenuating IRS1 serine phosphorylation, and restoring normal transduction of the insulin signaling pathway. Discussion In summary, ERS and insulin signaling pathway paly causal roles in DCI development. Electroacupuncture can significantly alleviate the pathogenesis of DCI, improve mice's learning and memory ability, and improve cognitive dysfunction. This study adds to our understanding of the effect of acupuncture on DCI and opens the door to further research on DCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyuan Li
- Institute of Acupuncture and Massage, Northeast Asian Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun Jilin, China
| | - Lin Yao
- Institute of Acupuncture and Massage, Northeast Asian Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun Jilin, China
| | - Min He
- Institute of Acupuncture and Massage, Northeast Asian Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun Jilin, China
| | - Haipeng Huang
- Northeast Asian Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Haizhu Zheng
- College of Acupuncture and Massage, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun Jilin, China
| | - Shiqi Ma
- College of Acupuncture and Massage, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun Jilin, China
| | - Zhen Zhong
- College of Acupuncture and Massage, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun Jilin, China
| | - Shuo Yu
- College of Acupuncture and Massage, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun Jilin, China
| | - Mengmeng Sun
- Institute of Acupuncture and Massage, Northeast Asian Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun Jilin, China
- *Correspondence: Hongfeng Wang, ; Mengmeng Sun,
| | - Hongfeng Wang
- Northeast Asian Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Hongfeng Wang, ; Mengmeng Sun,
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Mitra S, Muni M, Shawon NJ, Das R, Emran TB, Sharma R, Chandran D, Islam F, Hossain MJ, Safi SZ, Sweilam SH. Tacrine Derivatives in Neurological Disorders: Focus on Molecular Mechanisms and Neurotherapeutic Potential. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:7252882. [PMID: 36035218 PMCID: PMC9410840 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7252882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Tacrine is a drug used in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease as a cognitive enhancer and inhibitor of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE). However, its clinical application has been restricted due to its poor therapeutic efficacy and high prevalence of detrimental effects. An attempt was made to understand the molecular mechanisms that underlie tacrine and its analogues influence over neurotherapeutic activity by focusing on modulation of neurogenesis, neuroinflammation, endoplasmic reticulum stress, apoptosis, and regulatory role in gene and protein expression, energy metabolism, Ca2+ homeostasis modulation, and osmotic regulation. Regardless of this, analogues of tacrine are considered as a model inhibitor of cholinesterase in the therapy of Alzheimer's disease. The variety both in structural make-up and biological functions of these substances is the main appeal for researchers' interest in them. A new paradigm for treating neurological diseases is presented in this review, which includes treatment strategies for Alzheimer's disease, as well as other neurological disorders like Parkinson's disease and the synthesis and biological properties of newly identified versatile tacrine analogues and hybrids. We have also shown that these analogues may have therapeutic promise in the treatment of neurological diseases in a variety of experimental systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saikat Mitra
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Maniza Muni
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Nusrat Jahan Shawon
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Rajib Das
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Talha Bin Emran
- Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong 4381, Bangladesh
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Rohit Sharma
- Department of Rasa Shastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005 Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Deepak Chandran
- Department of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Amrita School of Agricultural Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 642109, India
| | - Fahadul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Jamal Hossain
- Department of Pharmacy, State University of Bangladesh, 77 Satmasjid Road, Dhanmondi, Dhaka 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Sher Zaman Safi
- Faculty of Medicine, Bioscience and Nursing, MAHSA University, Jenjarom, 42610 Selangor, Malaysia
- IRCBM, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sherouk Hussein Sweilam
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Cairo-Suez Road, Badr City 11829, Egypt
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Effects of Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 on Lactate Uptake and Usage in Mice with Diabetes-Associated Cognitive Decline. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:5656-5672. [PMID: 35761156 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-02926-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is an endocrine hormone that exerts beneficial effects on glucose and lipid metabolic homeostasis. However, the impact of FGF21 on type 1 diabetes-associated cognitive decline (DACD) and its mechanisms of action remain unclear. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of FGF21 on lactate uptake and usage in a mouse model of streptozotocin-induced DACD. Six-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were divided into the control, diabetic, and FGF21 (which received 2 mg/kg recombinant human FGF21) groups. At the end of the treatment period, learning and memory performance, nuclear magnetic resonance-based metabonomics, and expressions of various hippocampal protein were analyzed to determine the efficacy of FGF21. The results showed that compared to the control mice, the diabetic mice had reduced long-term memory performance after the hyperglycemic insult; decreased hippocampal levels of lactate dehydrogenase-B (LDH-B) activity, bioenergy metabolites, and monocarboxylate transporter 2 (MCT2); and increased lactate levels. Impaired phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling was also observed in the diabetic mice. However, FGF21 treatment improved LDH-B activity, β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, and ATP levels, and increased MCT2 expression and PI3K signaling pathway, which in turn improved the learning and memory defects. These findings demonstrated that the effects of FGF21 on DACD were associated with its ability to improve LDH-B-mediated lactate usage and MCT2-dependent lactate uptake. Further, these beneficial effects of FGF21 in the hippocampus were mediated by the PI3K signaling pathways.
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Ocimum sanctum Linn. Extract Improves Cognitive Deficits in Olfactory Bulbectomized Mice via the Enhancement of Central Cholinergic Systems and VEGF Expression. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:6627648. [PMID: 34306149 PMCID: PMC8266455 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6627648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to clarify the antidementia effects of ethanolic extract of Ocimum sanctum Linn. (OS) and its underlying mechanisms using olfactory bulbectomized (OBX) mice. OBX mice were treated daily with OS or a reference drug, donepezil (DNP). Spatial and nonspatial working memory performance was measured using a modified Y maze test and a novel object recognition test, respectively. Brain tissues of the animals were subjected to histochemical and neurochemical analysis. OS treatment attenuated OBX-induced impairment of spatial and nonspatial working memories. OBX induced degeneration of septal cholinergic neurons, enlargement of the lateral ventricles, and suppression of hippocampal neurogenesis. OS and DNP treatment also depressed these histological damages. OS administration reduced ex vivo activity of acetylcholinesterase in the brain. OBX diminished the expression levels of genes coding vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and VEGF receptor type 2 (VEGFR2). Treatment with OS and DNP reversed OBX-induced decrease in VEGF gene and protein expression levels without affecting the expression of the VEGFR2 gene. These results demonstrate that the administration of OS can lessen the cognitive deficits and neurohistological damages of OBX and that these actions are, at least in part, mediated by the enhancement of central cholinergic systems and VEGF expression.
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Sardar R, Hami J, Soleimani M, Joghataei MT, Shirazi R, Golab F, Namjoo Z, Zandieh Z. Maternal diabetes-induced alterations in the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in the developing rat hippocampus. J Chem Neuroanat 2021; 114:101946. [PMID: 33745942 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2021.101946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Maternal diabetes during pregnancy affects the development of hippocampus in the offspring. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has received increasing attention for its role in regulating the survival and differentiation of neuronal cells in developing and adult brain. In the current study, we evaluated the effects of maternal diabetes and insulin treatment on expression and distribution pattern of BDNF in the hippocampus of neonatal rats at the first two postnatal weeks. We found no differences in hippocampal expression of BDNF between diabetics with normal control or insulin treated neonatal rats at postnatal day (P0) (P > 0.05 each). Nevertheless, there was a marked BDNF downregulation in both sides' hippocampi of male/female diabetic group in two-week-old offspring (P ≤ 0.05 each). Furthermore, the numerical density of BDNF+ cells was significantly reduced in the right/left dentate gyrus (DG) of male and female newborns born to diabetic animals at all studied postnatal days (P ≤ 0.05 each). In addition, a lower number of reactive cells have shown in the all hippocampal subareas in the diabetic pups at P14 (P ≤ 0.05 each). Our results have demonstrated that the insulin-treatment improves some of the negative impacts of diabetes on the expression of hippocampal BDNF in the newborns. We conclude that diabetes in pregnancy bilaterally disrupts the expression of BDNF in the hippocampus of the both male and female newborns at early postnatal days. In addition, good glycemic control by insulin in the most cases is sufficient to prevent the alterations in expression of BDNF protein in developing hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Sardar
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Hami
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran; Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Mansoureh Soleimani
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad-Taghi Joghataei
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Shirazi
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medical Sciences, Medicine & Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Fereshteh Golab
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zeinab Namjoo
- Department of Anatomical Science, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Zahra Zandieh
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Shahid Akbarabadi Clinical Research Development Unit (ShACRDU), Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.
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Cecon E, Lhomme T, Maurice T, Luka M, Chen M, Silva A, Wauman J, Zabeau L, Tavernier J, Prévot V, Dam J, Jockers R. Amyloid Beta Peptide Is an Endogenous Negative Allosteric Modulator of Leptin Receptor. Neuroendocrinology 2021; 111:370-387. [PMID: 32335558 DOI: 10.1159/000508105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Metabolic dysfunction is now recognized as a pivotal component of Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common dementia worldwide. However, the precise molecular mechanisms linking metabolic dysfunction to AD remain elusive. OBJECTIVE Here, we investigated the direct impact of soluble oligomeric amyloid beta (Aβ) peptides, the main molecular hallmark of AD, on the leptin system, a major component of central energy metabolism regulation. METHODS We developed a new time-resolved fluorescence resonance energy transfer-based Aβ binding assay for the leptin receptor (LepR) and studied the effect of Aβ on LepR function in several in vitro assays. The in vivo effect of Aβ on LepR function was studied in an Aβ-specific AD mouse model and in pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons of the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus. RESULTS We revealed specific and high-affinity (Ki = 0.1 nM) binding of Aβ to LepR. Pharmacological characterization of this interaction showed that Aβ binds allosterically to the extracellular domain of LepR and negatively affects receptor function. Negative allosteric modulation of LepR by Aβ was detected at the level of signaling pathways (STAT-3, AKT, and ERK) in vitroand in vivo. Importantly, the leptin-induced response of POMC neurons, key players in the regulation of metabolic function, was completely abolished in the presence of Aβ. CONCLUSION Our data indicate that Aβ is a negative allosteric modulator of LepR, resulting in impaired leptin action, and qualify LepR as a new and direct target of Aβ oligomers. Preventing the interaction of Aβ with LepR might improve both the metabolic and cognitive dysfunctions in AD condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Cecon
- Institut Cochin, Université de Paris, CNRS, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Tori Lhomme
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, EGID, DistAlz, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR-S 1172, Lille, France
| | - Tangui Maurice
- MMDN, University of Montpellier, EPHE, INSERM, UMR_S1198, Montpellier, France
| | - Marine Luka
- Institut Cochin, Université de Paris, CNRS, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Min Chen
- Institut Cochin, Université de Paris, CNRS, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Anisia Silva
- Institut Cochin, Université de Paris, CNRS, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Joris Wauman
- VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology, Department of Biomolecular Medicine, University of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lennart Zabeau
- VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology, Department of Biomolecular Medicine, University of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jan Tavernier
- VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology, Department of Biomolecular Medicine, University of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Vincent Prévot
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, EGID, DistAlz, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR-S 1172, Lille, France
| | - Julie Dam
- Institut Cochin, Université de Paris, CNRS, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Ralf Jockers
- Institut Cochin, Université de Paris, CNRS, INSERM, Paris, France,
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Meta-analysis of cognitive and behavioral tests in leptin- and leptin receptor-deficient mice. Neurosci Res 2020; 170:217-235. [PMID: 33316303 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2020.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Leptin is a hormone produced by adipocytes that regulates food intake and metabolism. Leptin-related gene-deficient mice, such as db/db and ob/ob mice, are widely used to study diabetes and its related diseases. However, broad effects of leptin appear to cause variability in behavioral test results. We performed a meta-analysis of major behavioral tests in db/db and ob/ob mice. These mice exhibited significant impairments in the Morris water maze, forced swim, novel object recognition, Y-maze, tail suspension, and light-dark box tests, whereas the elevated plus maze and open field tests did not reveal significant changes. We also performed correlation and regression analyses between the animals' performances and the experimental protocols and conditions. The memory-related tests were characterized by the correlations of their results with animal age, while the performances in the elevated plus-maze and forced swim tests were affected by the width of the devices used. In conclusion, db/db and ob/ob mice mainly exhibit memory deficits and depression-like behavior, although experimenters should be aware of animal age and device size in conducting experiments.
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11
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Paudel P, Park CH, Jung HA, Yokozawa T, Choi JS. A systematic review on anti-Alzheimer's disease activity of prescription Kangen-karyu. Drug Discov Ther 2020; 14:61-66. [PMID: 32336738 DOI: 10.5582/ddt.2020.03013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Traditional Chinese and Japanese medicines have become prime sources of drug discovery and there is a pressing need to investigate the effectiveness of these traditional medicines for modern drug discovery. Recently, among various traditional formulations, studies on Kangen-karyu (Guan-Yuan-Ke-Li), a mixture of six medicinal herbs (Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix, Cnidii Rhizoma, Paeoniae Radix, Carthami Flos, Aucklandiae Radix, and Cyperi Rhizoma), have been growing to assess its neuroprotective role. This prompted us to undertake a thorough review of various targets of Kangen-karyu regarding its effectiveness against Alzheimer's disease, particularly focusing on cholinesterases, beta-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1, and glycogen synthase kinase 3β. This review provides new insights into Kangen-karyu medication as a prospective anti-Alzheimer's medication and indicates the need for in-depth in vivo investigation in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep Paudel
- Department of Food and Life Science, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea.,National Center for Natural Product Research, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, USA
| | - Chan Hum Park
- Department of Medicinal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Eumseong, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ah Jung
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Takako Yokozawa
- Graduate School Science and Engineering for Research, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Jae Sue Choi
- Department of Food and Life Science, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
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12
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Fourrier C, Kropp C, Aubert A, Sauvant J, Vaysse C, Chardigny JM, Layé S, Joffre C, Castanon N. Rapeseed oil fortified with micronutrients improves cognitive alterations associated with metabolic syndrome. Brain Behav Immun 2020; 84:23-35. [PMID: 31731013 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2019.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome represents a major risk factor for severe comorbidities such as cardiovascular diseases or diabetes. It is also associated with an increased prevalence of emotional and cognitive alterations that in turn aggravate the disease and related outcomes. Identifying therapeutic strategies able to improve those alterations is therefore a major socioeconomical and public health challenge. We previously reported that both hippocampal inflammatory processes and neuronal plasticity contribute to the development of emotional and cognitive alterations in db/db mice, an experimental model of metabolic syndrome that displays most of the classical features of the syndrome. In that context, nutritional interventions with known impact on those neurobiological processes appear as a promising alternative to limit the development of neurobiological comorbidities of metabolic syndrome. We therefore tested here whether n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) associated with a cocktail of antioxidants can protect against the development of behavioral alterations that accompany the metabolic syndrome. Thus, this study aimed: 1) to evaluate if a diet supplemented with the plant-derived n-3 PUFA α-linolenic acid (ALA) and antioxidants (provided by n-3 PUFAs-rich rapeseed oil fortified with a mix of naturally constituting antioxidant micronutrients, including coenzyme Q10, tocopherol, and the phenolic compound canolol) improved behavioral alterations in db/db mice, and 2) to decipher the biological mechanisms underlying this behavioral effect. Although the supplemented diet did not improve anxiety-like behavior and inflammatory abnormalities, it reversed hippocampus-dependent spatial memory deficits displayed by db/db mice in a water maze task. It concomitantly changed subunit composition of glutamatergic AMPA and NMDA receptors in the hippocampus that has been shown to modulate synaptic function related to spatial memory. These data suggest that changes in local neuronal plasticity may underlie cognitive improvements in db/db mice fed the supplemented diet. The current findings might therefore provide valuable data for introducing new nutritional strategies for the treatment of behavioral complications associated with MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Célia Fourrier
- Univ. Bordeaux, INRA, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, UMR 1286, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Camille Kropp
- Univ. Bordeaux, INRA, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, UMR 1286, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Agnès Aubert
- Univ. Bordeaux, INRA, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, UMR 1286, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Julie Sauvant
- Univ. Bordeaux, INRA, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, UMR 1286, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Carole Vaysse
- ITERG, Institut des corps gras, 33600 Pessac, France
| | - Jean-Michel Chardigny
- INRA, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH Auvergne, Université Clermont-Ferrand, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; Centre de Recherche INRA Bourgogne Franche Comté, 21065 Dijon, France
| | - Sophie Layé
- Univ. Bordeaux, INRA, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, UMR 1286, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Corinne Joffre
- Univ. Bordeaux, INRA, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, UMR 1286, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Nathalie Castanon
- Univ. Bordeaux, INRA, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, UMR 1286, F-33000 Bordeaux, France.
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13
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Yermakov LM, Griggs RB, Drouet DE, Sugimoto C, Williams MT, Vorhees CV, Susuki K. Impairment of cognitive flexibility in type 2 diabetic db/db mice. Behav Brain Res 2019; 371:111978. [PMID: 31141724 PMCID: PMC6579681 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.111978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Impaired executive function is a major peril for patients with type 2 diabetes, reducing quality of life and ability for diabetes management. Despite the significance of this impairment, few animal models of type 2 diabetes examine domains of executive function such as cognitive flexibility or working memory. Here, we evaluated these executive function domains in db/db mice, an established model of type 2 diabetes, at 10 and 24 weeks of age. The db/db mice showed impaired cognitive flexibility in the Morris water maze reversal phase. However, the db/db mice did not show apparent working memory disturbance in the spatial working memory version of the Morris water maze or in the radial water maze. We also examined axon initial segments (AIS) and nodes of Ranvier, key axonal domains for action potential initiation and propagation. AIS were significantly shortened in medial prefrontal cortex and hippocampus of 26-week-old db/db mice compared with controls, similar to our previous findings in 10-week-old mice. Nodes of Ranvier in corpus callosum, previously shown to be unchanged at 10 weeks, were elongated at 26 weeks, suggesting an important role for this domain in disease progression. Together, the findings help establish db/db mice as a model of impaired cognitive flexibility in type 2 diabetes and advance our understanding of its pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonid M Yermakov
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology, and Physiology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, USA
| | - Ryan B Griggs
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology, and Physiology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, USA
| | - Domenica E Drouet
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology, and Physiology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, USA
| | - Chiho Sugimoto
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine and Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Michael T Williams
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine and Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Charles V Vorhees
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine and Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Keiichiro Susuki
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology, and Physiology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, USA.
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14
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Sanjari Moghaddam H, Ghazi Sherbaf F, Aarabi MH. Brain microstructural abnormalities in type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review of diffusion tensor imaging studies. Front Neuroendocrinol 2019; 55:100782. [PMID: 31401292 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2019.100782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with deficits in the structure and function of the brain. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is a highly sensitive method for characterizing cerebral tissue microstructure. Using PRISMA guidelines, we identified 29 studies which have demonstrated widespread brain microstructural impairment and topological network disorganization in patients with T2DM. Most consistently reported structures with microstructural abnormalities were frontal, temporal, and parietal lobes in the lobar cluster; corpus callosum, cingulum, uncinate fasciculus, corona radiata, and internal and external capsules in the white matter cluster; thalamus in the subcortical cluster; and cerebellum. Microstructural abnormalities were correlated with pathological derangements in the endocrine profile as well as deficits in cognitive performance in the domains of memory, information-processing speed, executive function, and attention. Altogether, the findings suggest that the detrimental effects of T2DM on cognitive functions might be due to microstructural disruptions in the central neural structures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Farzaneh Ghazi Sherbaf
- Neuroradiology Division, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hadi Aarabi
- Neuroradiology Division, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tehran, Iran.
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15
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Han R, Liu Z, Sun N, Liu S, Li L, Shen Y, Xiu J, Xu Q. BDNF Alleviates Neuroinflammation in the Hippocampus of Type 1 Diabetic Mice via Blocking the Aberrant HMGB1/RAGE/NF-κB Pathway. Aging Dis 2019; 10:611-625. [PMID: 31165005 PMCID: PMC6538223 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2018.0707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a systemic disease that can cause brain damage such as synaptic impairments in the hippocampus, which is partly because of neuroinflammation induced by hyperglycemia. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is essential in modulating neuroplasticity. Its role in anti-inflammation in diabetes is largely unknown. In the present study, we investigated the effects of BDNF overexpression on reducing neuroinflammation and the underlying mechanism in mice with type 1 diabetes induced by streptozotocin (STZ). Animals were stereotactically microinjected in the hippocampus with recombinant adeno-associated virus (AAV) expressing BDNF or EGFP. After virus infection, four groups of mice, the EGFP+STZ, BDNF+STZ, EGFP Control and BDNF Control groups, received STZ or vehicle treatment as indicated. Three weeks later brain tissues were collected. We found that BDNF overexpression in the hippocampus significantly rescued STZ-induced decreases in mRNA and protein expression of two synaptic plasticity markers, spinophilin and synaptophysin. More interestingly, BDNF inhibited hyperglycemia-induced microglial activation and reduced elevated levels of inflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-6). BDNF blocked the increase in HMGB1 levels and specifically, in levels of one of the HMGB1 receptors, RAGE. Downstream of HMGB1/RAGE, the increase in the protein level of phosphorylated NF-κB was also reversed by BDNF in STZ-treated mice. These results show that BDNF overexpression reduces neuroinflammation in the hippocampus of type 1 diabetic mice and suggest that the HMGB1/RAGE/NF-κB signaling pathway may contribute to alleviation of neuroinflammation by BDNF in diabetic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Han
- 1State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,2Neuroscience center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zeyue Liu
- 1State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,2Neuroscience center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Nannan Sun
- 1State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,2Neuroscience center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shu Liu
- 1State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,2Neuroscience center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lanlan Li
- 1State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,2Neuroscience center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Shen
- 1State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,2Neuroscience center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianbo Xiu
- 1State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,2Neuroscience center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Xu
- 1State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,2Neuroscience center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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16
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Abdel-Rahman EA, Bhattacharya S, Buabeid M, Majrashi M, Bloemer J, Tao YX, Dhanasekaran M, Escobar M, Amin R, Suppiramaniam V. PPAR-δ Activation Ameliorates Diabetes-Induced Cognitive Dysfunction by Modulating Integrin-linked Kinase and AMPA Receptor Function. J Am Coll Nutr 2019; 38:693-702. [PMID: 31008686 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2019.1598307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
An estimated 9% of the American population experiences type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) due to diet or genetic predisposition. Recent reports indicate that patients with T2DM are at increased risk for cognitive dysfunctions, as observed in conditions like Alzheimer's disease (AD). In addition, AD is the leading cause of dementia, highlighting the urgency of developing novel therapeutic targets for T2DM-induced cognitive deficits. The peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-δ (PPAR-δ) is highly expressed in the brain and has been shown to play an important role in spatial memory and hippocampal neurogenesis. However, the effect of PPAR-δ agonists on T2DM-induced cognitive impairment has not been explored. In this study, the effects of GW0742 (a selective PPAR-δ agonist) on hippocampal synaptic transmission, plasticity, and spatial memory were investigated in the db/db mouse model of T2DM. Oral administration of GW0742 for 2 weeks significantly improved hippocampal long-term potentiation. In addition, GW0742 effectively prevented deficits in hippocampal dependent spatial memory in db/db mice. PPAR-δ-mediated improvements in synaptic plasticity and behavior were accompanied by a significant recovery in hippocampal α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor-mediated synaptic transmission. Our findings suggest that activation of PPAR-δ might ameliorate T2DM-induced impairments in hippocampal synaptic plasticity and memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Engy A Abdel-Rahman
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Assuit University, Assuit, Egypt**
| | - Subhrajit Bhattacharya
- Department of Pharmacology, Rollins Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA**
| | - Manal Buabeid
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA.,College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman, UAE**
| | - Mohammed Majrashi
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jenna Bloemer
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Ya-Xiong Tao
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA.,Center for Neuroscience Initiative, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Muralikrishnan Dhanasekaran
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA.,Center for Neuroscience Initiative, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Martha Escobar
- Department of Psychology, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA.,Department of Psychology, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan, USA*
| | - Rajesh Amin
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA.,Center for Neuroscience Initiative, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Vishnu Suppiramaniam
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA.,Center for Neuroscience Initiative, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
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17
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Fujiwara H, Yoshida J, Dibwe DF, Awale S, Hoshino H, Kohama H, Arai H, Kudo Y, Matsumoto K. Orengedokuto and san'oshashinto improve memory deficits by inhibiting aging-dependent activation of glycogen synthase kinase-3β. J Tradit Complement Med 2018; 9:328-335. [PMID: 31453129 PMCID: PMC6702137 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2018.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aim The aging-dependent activation of glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) has been suggested to be important in the onset of dementia. To discover novel therapeutic Kampo medicines for dementia, we examined the effects of orengedokuto (OGT; 黃連解毒湯 huáng lián jiědú tāng) and san'oshashinto (SST; 三黃瀉心湯 sān huáng xiè xīn tāng) on memory deficits and GSK-3β activity in senescence-accelerated prone mice (SAMP8). Experimental procedure The object recognition test (ORT) and conditioned fear memory test (CFT) were employed to elucidate short-term working memory and long-term fear memory. The activity of GSK-3β and the phosphorylation of related molecules were measured using a kinase assay and Western blotting. Results and conclusion OGT and SST attenuated memory deficits in SAMP8 in ORT, but not in CFT. In ex vivo experiments, cortical GSK-3β activity was significantly stronger in SAMP8 than in SAMR1. The enhanced cortical GSK-3β activity in SAMP8 was accompanied by a significant increase in the level of phosphorylated collapsin response mediator protein-2 (CRMP2), an important factor that is involved in the regulation of microtubule stability. OGT and SST attenuated not only increases in cortical GSK-3β activity, but also the levels of phosphorylated CRMP2 in SAMP8. In vitro experiments, flavonoids contained in these kampo medicines, inhibited GSK-3β activity in concentration-dependent manners. These results suggest that OGT and SST prevent aging-induced short-term working memory deficits by inhibiting aging-dependent elevations in the cortical GSK-3β activity and subsequent CRMP2 phosphorylation. OGT and SST attenuated short-term working memory deficits in SAMP8. Age-dependent cortical GSK-3β activation was suppressed by OGT and SST. OGT and SST also attenuated the levels of phosphorylated CRMP2 in SAMP8.
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Key Words
- AD, Alzheimer's disease
- Alzheimer's disease
- BPSD, behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia
- CFT, conditioned fear memory test
- CRMP2, collapsin response mediator protein-2
- Collapsin response mediator protein-2
- GSK-3β, glycogen synthase kinase-3β
- Glycogen synthase kinase-3β
- OGT, orengedokuto
- ORT, object recognition test
- Orengedokuto
- SAMP8, senescence-accelerated prone mice 8
- SAMR1, senescence-accelerated prone mice-resistant
- SST, san'oshashinto
- san'oshashinto
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jun Yoshida
- Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Dya Fita Dibwe
- Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Suresh Awale
- Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Haruka Hoshino
- Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kohama
- Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Arai
- Department of Geriatric and Respiratory Medicine, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yukitsuka Kudo
- Department of Geriatric and Respiratory Medicine, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kinzo Matsumoto
- Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
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18
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Zhao L, Dong M, Ren M, Li C, Zheng H, Gao H. Metabolomic Analysis Identifies Lactate as an Important Pathogenic Factor in Diabetes-associated Cognitive Decline Rats. Mol Cell Proteomics 2018; 17:2335-2346. [PMID: 30171160 PMCID: PMC6283288 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra118.000690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 08/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus causes brain structure changes and cognitive decline, and it has been estimated that diabetes doubles the risk for dementia. Until now, the pathogenic mechanism of diabetes-associated cognitive decline (DACD) has remained unclear. Using metabolomics, we show that lactate levels increased over time in the hippocampus of rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes, as compared with age-matched control rats. Additionally, mRNA levels, protein levels, and enzymatic activity of lactate dehydrogenase-A (LDH-A) were significantly up-regulated, suggesting increased glycolysis activity. Importantly, by specifically blocking the glycolysis pathway through an LDH-A inhibitor, chronic diabetes-induced memory impairment was prevented. Analyzing the underlying mechanism, we show that the expression levels of cAMP-dependent protein kinase and of phosphorylated transcription factor cAMP response element-binding proteins were decreased in 12-week diabetic rats. We suggest that G protein-coupled receptor 81 mediates cognitive decline in the diabetic rat. In this study, we report that progressively increasing lactate levels is an important pathogenic factor in DACD, directly linking diabetes to cognitive dysfunction. LDH-A may be considered as a potential target for alleviating or treating DACD in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangcai Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Minjian Dong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mengqian Ren
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chen Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hong Zheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hongchang Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang, China.
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19
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Chen H, Wu X, Gu X, Zhou Y, Ye L, Zhang K, Pan H, Wang J, Wei H, Zhu B, Naman CB, Mak S, Carlier PR, Cui W, Han Y. Tacrine(10)-Hupyridone Prevents Post-operative Cognitive Dysfunction via the Activation of BDNF Pathway and the Inhibition of AChE in Aged Mice. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:396. [PMID: 30483056 PMCID: PMC6243707 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Post-operative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) could cause short-term or long-term cognitive disruption lasting weeks or months after anesthesia and surgery in elderly. However, no effective treatment of POCD is currently available. Previous studies indicated that the enhancement of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression, and the elevation the cholinergic system, might be effective to prevent POCD. In this study, we have discovered that tacrine(10)-hupyridone (A10E), a novel acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor derived from tacrine and huperzine A, could prevent surgery-induced short-term and long-term impairments of recognition and spatial cognition, as evidenced by the novel object recognition test and Morris water maze (MWM) tests, in aged mice. Moreover, A10E significantly increased the expression of BDNF and activated the downstream Akt and extracellular regulated kinase (ERK) signaling in the surgery-treated mice. Furthermore, A10E substantially enhanced choline acetyltransferase (ChAT)-positive area and decreased AChE activity, in the hippocampus regions of surgery-treated mice, indicating that A10E could prevent surgery-induced dysfunction of cholinergic system, possibly via increasing the synthesis of acetylcholine and the inhibition of AChE. In conclusion, our results suggested that A10E might prevent POCD via the activation of BDNF pathway and the inhibition of AChE, concurrently, in aged mice. These findings also provided a support that A10E might be developed as a potential drug lead for POCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huixin Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Xiang Wu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.,Department of Anesthesia, Ningbo University Medical School Affiliated Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Xinmei Gu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yiying Zhou
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Luying Ye
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Hanbo Pan
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Jialing Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Hua Wei
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Binbin Zhu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.,Department of Anesthesia, Ningbo University Medical School Affiliated Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - C Benjamin Naman
- Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin Kenneth Li Marine Biopharmaceutical Research Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Shinghung Mak
- State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology (Incubation), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Applied Biology and Chemistry Technology, Institute of Modern Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Paul R Carlier
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Wei Cui
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.,Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin Kenneth Li Marine Biopharmaceutical Research Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yifan Han
- State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology (Incubation), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Applied Biology and Chemistry Technology, Institute of Modern Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
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20
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Karki R, Kodamullil AT, Hofmann-Apitius M. Comorbidity Analysis between Alzheimer's Disease and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) Based on Shared Pathways and the Role of T2DM Drugs. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 60:721-731. [PMID: 28922161 PMCID: PMC5611890 DOI: 10.3233/jad-170440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background: Various studies suggest a comorbid association between Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) indicating that there could be shared underlying pathophysiological mechanisms. Objective: This study aims to systematically model relevant knowledge at the molecular level to find a mechanistic rationale explaining the existing comorbid association between AD and T2DM. Method: We have used a knowledge-based modeling approach to build two network models for AD and T2DM using Biological Expression Language (BEL), which is capable of capturing and representing causal and correlative relationships at both molecular and clinical levels from various knowledge resources. Results: Using comparative analysis, we have identified several putative “shared pathways”. We demonstrate, at a mechanistic level, how the insulin signaling pathway is related to other significant AD pathways such as the neurotrophin signaling pathway, PI3K/AKT signaling, MTOR signaling, and MAPK signaling and how these pathways do cross-talk with each other both in AD and T2DM. In addition, we present a mechanistic hypothesis that explains both favorable and adverse effects of the anti-diabetic drug metformin in AD. Conclusion: The two computable models introduced here provide a powerful framework to identify plausible mechanistic links shared between AD and T2DM and thereby identify targeted pathways for new therapeutics. Our approach can also be used to provide mechanistic answers to the question of why some T2DM treatments seem to increase the risk of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reagon Karki
- Department of Bioinformatics, Fraunhofer Institute for Algorithms and Scientific Computing (SCAI), Schloss Birlinghoven, Sankt Augustin, Germany.,Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn-Aachen International Center for IT, Bonn, Germany
| | - Alpha Tom Kodamullil
- Department of Bioinformatics, Fraunhofer Institute for Algorithms and Scientific Computing (SCAI), Schloss Birlinghoven, Sankt Augustin, Germany.,Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn-Aachen International Center for IT, Bonn, Germany
| | - Martin Hofmann-Apitius
- Department of Bioinformatics, Fraunhofer Institute for Algorithms and Scientific Computing (SCAI), Schloss Birlinghoven, Sankt Augustin, Germany.,Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn-Aachen International Center for IT, Bonn, Germany
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21
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Ling H, Zhu Z, Yang J, He J, Yang S, Wu D, Feng S, Liao D. Dihydromyricetin improves type 2 diabetes-induced cognitive impairment via suppressing oxidative stress and enhancing brain-derived neurotrophic factor-mediated neuroprotection in mice. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2018; 50:298-306. [PMID: 29425256 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmy003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) leads to cognitive impairment (CI), but there have been no effective pharmacotherapies or drugs for cognitive dysfunction in T2DM. Dihydromyricetin (DHM) is a natural flavonoid compound extracted from the leaves of Ampelopsis grossedentata and has various pharmacological effects including anti-oxidant and anti-diabetes. Thus, we investigated the effects of DHM on CI in T2DM mouse model and its possible mechanism. To induce T2DM, mice were fed with high-sugar and high-fat diet for 8 weeks, followed by a low dose streptozotocin (STZ) administration. After the successful induction of T2DM mouse model, mice were treated respectively with equal volume of saline (T2DM group), 125 mg/kg/d DHM (L-DHM group), or 250 mg/kg/d DHM (H-DHM group). After 16 weeks of DHM administration, the body weight (BW), fasting blood glucose, blood lipids, intraperitoneal glucose tolerance (IPGT), and cognitive function were determined. Then, alterations in the expressions of oxidative stress markers and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the hippocampus were investigated. Our findings demonstrated that DHM could significantly ameliorate CI and reverse aberrant glucose and lipid metabolism in T2DM mice, likely through the suppression of oxidative stress and enhancement of BDNF-mediated neuroprotection. In conclusion, our results suggest that DHM is a promising candidate for the treatment of T2DM-induced cognitive dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Ling
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Zemei Zhu
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
- Department of Medicine, Changde Vocational Technical College, Changde 415000, China
| | - Jihua Yang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Jianqin He
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Sisi Yang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Shuidong Feng
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Service Management, School of Public Health, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Duanfang Liao
- Division of Stem Cell Regulation and Application, Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Bulk Herbs of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410000, China
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22
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Zarrinkalam E, Ranjbar K, Salehi I, Kheiripour N, Komaki A. Resistance training and hawthorn extract ameliorate cognitive deficits in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 97:503-510. [PMID: 29091901 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.10.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been shown that diabetic rats display cognitive impairment. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of resistance training and natural antioxidants on learning and memory in type 1 diabetic rats. For this purpose, fifty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups: (i) Control (Con, n=10), (ii) Diabetic (D, n=10), (iii) Diabetic+Resistance training (DRT, n=10), (iv) Diabetic+natural antioxidants (DHE, n=10), and (v) Diabetic+Resistance training+ natural antioxidants (DRH, n=10). Climbing the ladder for a period of 5days/week for 10 consecutive weeks was considered as the resistance training model in our study. Natural antioxidants (100mg/kg per day) were administered to natural antioxidant groups for a period of 10 weeks. Moreover, spatial and passive avoidance learning and memory function were evaluated by Morris Water Maze (MWM) and shuttle box tests. The results showed that, mean of total escape latency decreased 25% (P<0.0001) in the DRH group compared with the D group in MWM. The percentage of time spent in the target quadrant identically decreased (34%) in the D and DHE groups compared with the Con group (p=0.001). In this regard, time spent in the dark Compartment (TDC) respectively rose 86% and 95% in the D and DHE groups compared with the Con group (p<0.05), and decreased 88% in the DRT and DRH groups compared with the D group in the shuttle box test (p<0.05). Furthermore, we noticed that total antioxidant capacity increase and lipid peroxidation decrease in response to the treatments in the diabetic rats as well. Therefore, the current study indicated that exercise training and natural antioxidants synergistically ameliorated learning and memory deficits in type 1 diabetic rats via reducing oxidative stress. Hence, it may propose a potential role of resistance training and natural antioxidants as an adjuvant therapy for the prevention and treatment of diabetic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebrahim Zarrinkalam
- Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Hamedan Branch, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Kamal Ranjbar
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, Bandar Abbas Branch, Islamic Azad University, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Iraj Salehi
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Nejat Kheiripour
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Alireza Komaki
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
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23
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Yokozawa T, Park CH, Matsumoto K. Scientific evidence for therapeutic effects of Chinese prescription Kangen-karyu from pre-clinical animal experiments. Drug Discov Ther 2017; 11:6-14. [PMID: 28123156 DOI: 10.5582/ddt.2016.01069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Chinese prescription Kangen-karyu, comprised of six crude drugs, has received much attention due to its numerous biological activities. The present study reports therapeutic evidence for Kangen-karyu from pre-clinical animal experiments related to human diseases. Kangen-karyu showed beneficial effects on type 1 diabetes and related complications through the suppression of protein expression related to advanced glycation endproducts and oxidative stress. Kangen-karyu reduced oxidative stress via the regulation of dyslipidemia, and also exerted a renoprotective effect mainly through its antioxidant properties during the development of diabetic nephropathy in type 2 diabetes. In addition, Kangen-karyu showed neuroprotective effects by attenuating the spatial memory impairment and neuronal death induced by diabetes. Kangen-karyu counteracted oxidative stress and ameliorated tissue damage possibly associated with aging. These findings provide scientific evidence to explain the efficacy of Kangen-karyu based on its underlying therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takako Yokozawa
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering for Research, University of Toyama
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24
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Hamed SA. Brain injury with diabetes mellitus: evidence, mechanisms and treatment implications. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2017; 10:409-428. [PMID: 28276776 DOI: 10.1080/17512433.2017.1293521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sherifa A. Hamed
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Assiut University Hospital , Assiut, Egypt
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25
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Chen J, Zhan L, Lu X, Xiao C, Sun N. The Alteration of ZiBuPiYin Recipe on Proteomic Profiling of Forebrain Postsynaptic Density of db/db Mice with Diabetes-Associated Cognitive Decline. J Alzheimers Dis 2017; 56:471-489. [PMID: 27886008 DOI: 10.3233/jad-160691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Libin Zhan
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaoguang Lu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Chi Xiao
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Nijing Sun
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
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26
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Zheng H, Zheng Y, Zhao L, Chen M, Bai G, Hu Y, Hu W, Yan Z, Gao H. Cognitive decline in type 2 diabetic db/db mice may be associated with brain region-specific metabolic disorders. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2017; 1863:266-273. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2016.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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27
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Zheng H, Zheng Y, Wang D, Cai A, Lin Q, Zhao L, Chen M, Deng M, Ye X, Gao H. Analysis of neuron-astrocyte metabolic cooperation in the brain of db/db mice with cognitive decline using 13C NMR spectroscopy. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2017; 37:332-343. [PMID: 26762505 PMCID: PMC5363750 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x15626154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2015] [Revised: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes has been linked to cognitive impairment, but its potential metabolic mechanism is still unclear. The present study aimed to explore neuron-astrocyte metabolic cooperation in the brain of diabetic (db/db, BKS.Cg-m+/+ Leprdb/J) mice with cognitive decline using 13C NMR technique in combination with intravenous [2-13C]-acetate and [3-13C]-lactate infusions. We found that the 13C-enrichment from [2-13C]-acetate into tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediate, succinate, was significantly decreased in db/db mice with cognitive decline compared with wild-type (WT, C57BLKS/J) mice, while an opposite result was obtained after [3-13C]-lactate infusion. Relative to WT mice, db/db mice with cognitive decline had significantly lower 13C labeling percentages in neurotransmitters including glutamine, glutamate, and γ-aminobutyric acid after [2-13C]-acetate infusion. However, [3-13C]-lactate resulted in increased 13C-enrichments in neurotransmitters in db/db mice with cognitive decline. This may indicate that the disturbance of neurotransmitter metabolism occurred during the development of cognitive decline. In addition, a reduction in 13C-labeling of lactate and an increase in gluconeogenesis were found from both labeled infusions in db/db mice with cognitive decline. Therefore, our results suggest that the development of cognitive decline in type 2 diabetes may be implicated to an unbalanced metabolism in neuron-astrocyte cooperation and an enhancement of gluconeogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yongquan Zheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Radiology Department of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Dan Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Aimin Cai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qiuting Lin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Liangcai Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Minjiang Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Mingjie Deng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xinjian Ye
- Radiology Department of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Hongchang Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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28
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Zheng Y, Yang Y, Dong B, Zheng H, Lin X, Du Y, Li X, Zhao L, Gao H. Metabonomic profiles delineate potential role of glutamate-glutamine cycle in db/db mice with diabetes-associated cognitive decline. Mol Brain 2016; 9:40. [PMID: 27090642 PMCID: PMC4835835 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-016-0223-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Diabetes-associated cognition decline is one of central nervous system complications in diabetic mellitus, while its pathogenic mechanism remains unclear. In this study, 1H nuclear magnetic resonance-based metabonomics and immunohistochemistry was used to explore key metabolic alterations in hippocampus of type 2 diabetic db/db mice with cognition decline in order to advance understanding of mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of the disease. Results Metabonomics reveals that lactate level was significantly increased in hippocampus of db/db mice with cognition decline compared with age-matched wild-type mice. Several tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates including succinate and citrate were reduced in hippocampus of db/db mice with cognition decline. Moreover, an increase in glutamine level and a decrease in glutamate and γ-aminobutyric acid levels were observed in db/db mice. Results from immunohistochemistry analysis show that glutamine synthetase was increased and glutaminase and glutamate decarboxylase were decreased in db/db mice. Conclusions Our results suggest that the development of diabetes-associated cognition decline in db/db mice is most likely implicated in a reduction in energy metabolism and a disturbance of glutamate-glutamine shuttling between neurons and astrocytes in hippocampus. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13041-016-0223-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongquan Zheng
- Radiology Department of the First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yunjun Yang
- Radiology Department of the First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Baijun Dong
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Hong Zheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaodong Lin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yao Du
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaokun Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liangcai Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Hongchang Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China.
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29
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Tsuneki H, Nagata T, Fujita M, Kon K, Wu N, Takatsuki M, Yamaguchi K, Wada T, Nishijo H, Yanagisawa M, Sakurai T, Sasaoka T. Nighttime Administration of Nicotine Improves Hepatic Glucose Metabolism via the Hypothalamic Orexin System in Mice. Endocrinology 2016; 157:195-206. [PMID: 26492471 DOI: 10.1210/en.2015-1488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Nicotine is known to affect the metabolism of glucose; however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Therefore, we here investigated whether nicotine promoted the central regulation of glucose metabolism, which is closely linked to the circadian system. The oral intake of nicotine in drinking water, which mainly occurred during the nighttime active period, enhanced daily hypothalamic prepro-orexin gene expression and reduced hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetic db/db mice without affecting body weight, body fat content, and serum levels of insulin. Nicotine administered at the active period appears to be responsible for the effect on blood glucose, because nighttime but not daytime injections of nicotine lowered blood glucose levels in db/db mice. The chronic oral treatment with nicotine suppressed the mRNA levels of glucose-6-phosphatase, the rate-limiting enzyme of gluconeogenesis, in the liver of db/db and wild-type control mice. In the pyruvate tolerance test to evaluate hepatic gluconeogenic activity, the oral nicotine treatment moderately suppressed glucose elevations in normal mice and mice lacking dopamine receptors, whereas this effect was abolished in orexin-deficient mice and hepatic parasympathectomized mice. Under high-fat diet conditions, the oral intake of nicotine lowered blood glucose levels at the daytime resting period in wild-type, but not orexin-deficient, mice. These results indicated that the chronic daily administration of nicotine suppressed hepatic gluconeogenesis via the hypothalamic orexin-parasympathetic nervous system. Thus, the results of the present study may provide an insight into novel chronotherapy for type 2 diabetes that targets the central cholinergic and orexinergic systems.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Crosses, Genetic
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/blood
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism
- Diet, High-Fat/adverse effects
- Drug Chronotherapy
- Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects
- Gluconeogenesis/drug effects
- Hyperglycemia/prevention & control
- Hypoglycemic Agents/administration & dosage
- Hypoglycemic Agents/therapeutic use
- Hypothalamus/drug effects
- Hypothalamus/metabolism
- Insulin Resistance
- Liver/drug effects
- Liver/metabolism
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, Mutant Strains
- Nicotine/administration & dosage
- Nicotine/therapeutic use
- Nicotinic Agonists/administration & dosage
- Nicotinic Agonists/therapeutic use
- Obesity/complications
- Obesity/etiology
- Orexins/agonists
- Orexins/genetics
- Orexins/metabolism
- Receptors, Dopamine D1/genetics
- Receptors, Dopamine D1/metabolism
- Receptors, Dopamine D2/genetics
- Receptors, Dopamine D2/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Tsuneki
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology (H.T., T.N., M.F., K.K., N.W., M.T., K.Y., T.W., T.Sas.) and System Emotional Science (H.N.), University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan; International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS) (M.Y.), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan; Department of Molecular Genetics (M.Y.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390; and Department of Molecular Neuroscience and Integrative Physiology (T.Sak.), Faculty of Medicine, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Takashi Nagata
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology (H.T., T.N., M.F., K.K., N.W., M.T., K.Y., T.W., T.Sas.) and System Emotional Science (H.N.), University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan; International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS) (M.Y.), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan; Department of Molecular Genetics (M.Y.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390; and Department of Molecular Neuroscience and Integrative Physiology (T.Sak.), Faculty of Medicine, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Mikio Fujita
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology (H.T., T.N., M.F., K.K., N.W., M.T., K.Y., T.W., T.Sas.) and System Emotional Science (H.N.), University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan; International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS) (M.Y.), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan; Department of Molecular Genetics (M.Y.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390; and Department of Molecular Neuroscience and Integrative Physiology (T.Sak.), Faculty of Medicine, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Kanta Kon
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology (H.T., T.N., M.F., K.K., N.W., M.T., K.Y., T.W., T.Sas.) and System Emotional Science (H.N.), University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan; International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS) (M.Y.), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan; Department of Molecular Genetics (M.Y.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390; and Department of Molecular Neuroscience and Integrative Physiology (T.Sak.), Faculty of Medicine, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Naizhen Wu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology (H.T., T.N., M.F., K.K., N.W., M.T., K.Y., T.W., T.Sas.) and System Emotional Science (H.N.), University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan; International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS) (M.Y.), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan; Department of Molecular Genetics (M.Y.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390; and Department of Molecular Neuroscience and Integrative Physiology (T.Sak.), Faculty of Medicine, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Mayumi Takatsuki
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology (H.T., T.N., M.F., K.K., N.W., M.T., K.Y., T.W., T.Sas.) and System Emotional Science (H.N.), University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan; International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS) (M.Y.), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan; Department of Molecular Genetics (M.Y.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390; and Department of Molecular Neuroscience and Integrative Physiology (T.Sak.), Faculty of Medicine, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Kaoru Yamaguchi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology (H.T., T.N., M.F., K.K., N.W., M.T., K.Y., T.W., T.Sas.) and System Emotional Science (H.N.), University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan; International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS) (M.Y.), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan; Department of Molecular Genetics (M.Y.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390; and Department of Molecular Neuroscience and Integrative Physiology (T.Sak.), Faculty of Medicine, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Wada
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology (H.T., T.N., M.F., K.K., N.W., M.T., K.Y., T.W., T.Sas.) and System Emotional Science (H.N.), University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan; International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS) (M.Y.), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan; Department of Molecular Genetics (M.Y.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390; and Department of Molecular Neuroscience and Integrative Physiology (T.Sak.), Faculty of Medicine, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Hisao Nishijo
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology (H.T., T.N., M.F., K.K., N.W., M.T., K.Y., T.W., T.Sas.) and System Emotional Science (H.N.), University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan; International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS) (M.Y.), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan; Department of Molecular Genetics (M.Y.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390; and Department of Molecular Neuroscience and Integrative Physiology (T.Sak.), Faculty of Medicine, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Masashi Yanagisawa
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology (H.T., T.N., M.F., K.K., N.W., M.T., K.Y., T.W., T.Sas.) and System Emotional Science (H.N.), University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan; International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS) (M.Y.), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan; Department of Molecular Genetics (M.Y.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390; and Department of Molecular Neuroscience and Integrative Physiology (T.Sak.), Faculty of Medicine, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Takeshi Sakurai
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology (H.T., T.N., M.F., K.K., N.W., M.T., K.Y., T.W., T.Sas.) and System Emotional Science (H.N.), University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan; International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS) (M.Y.), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan; Department of Molecular Genetics (M.Y.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390; and Department of Molecular Neuroscience and Integrative Physiology (T.Sak.), Faculty of Medicine, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Toshiyasu Sasaoka
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology (H.T., T.N., M.F., K.K., N.W., M.T., K.Y., T.W., T.Sas.) and System Emotional Science (H.N.), University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan; International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS) (M.Y.), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan; Department of Molecular Genetics (M.Y.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390; and Department of Molecular Neuroscience and Integrative Physiology (T.Sak.), Faculty of Medicine, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan
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Gu C, Shen T, An H, Yuan C, Zhou J, Ye Q, Liu T, Wang X, Zhang T. Combined therapy of Di-Huang-Yi-Zhi with Donepezil in patients with Parkinson's disease dementia. Neurosci Lett 2015; 606:13-7. [PMID: 26297124 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2015.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2015] [Revised: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Here we conducted a randomized and double-blind study attempting to explore the safety and efficacy of combined therapy of Di-Huang-Yi-Zhi (DHYZ) with donepezil in treating Parkinson's disease dementia (PDD). Sixty PDD patients were included and randomly divided into control group and DHYZ group. All patients were given donepezil (5 mg last for a month, then 10 mg for the rest months, once daily), while patients in DHYZ group were additionally administrated with DHYZ (150 ml, twice daily). The measurement subjects included mini-mental state examination (MMSE), Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA), Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive Subscale (ADAS-Cog), the Barthel Index for activities of daily living (ADL) and Traditional Chinese medical (TCM) symptoms before and after treatment in this study. The whole study lasted for six months. Significant differences were observed on MMSE, MoCA, ADAS-Cog, ADL and TCM in both control and DHYZ group (P<0.05 or P<0.01) before and after drug treatment. Furthermore, there were more obvious changes of MMSE, MoCA, ADAS-Cog, ADL and TCM scores compared the DHYZ group with the control group (P<0.01) which suggested the DHYZ group showed a more effective improvement on cognition, behavior as well global function. In conclusion, the combined therapy of DHYZ with donepezil showed a more effective improvement in PDD and the underlying mechanism may be related to the synergic amelioration of cholinergic system between them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Gu
- Department of Neurology, Longhua Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ting Shen
- Department of Emergency, Chinese Medicine Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine University, Shanghai 200071, China
| | - Hongmei An
- Department of Neurology, Longhua Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Canxing Yuan
- Department of Neurology, Longhua Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Longhua Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qing Ye
- Department of Neurology, Longhua Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Neurology, Longhua Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiuwei Wang
- Department of Neurology, Longhua Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Tianli Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Longhua Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine University, Shanghai 200032, China
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Liu YW, Zhang L, Li Y, Cheng YQ, Zhu X, Zhang F, Yin XX. Activation of mTOR signaling mediates the increased expression of AChE in high glucose condition: in vitro and in vivo evidences. Mol Neurobiol 2015; 53:4972-80. [PMID: 26374551 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9425-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is impaired in brain of diabetic animals, which may be one of the reasons for diabetes-associated cognitive decline. However, the mechanism is still unknown. The present study was designed to investigate whether the increased expression of AChE in central neurons under high glucose (HG) condition was due to activation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling. It was found that more production of reactive oxygen species, and higher levels of phospho-Akt, phospho-mTOR, phospho-p70S6K, and AChE were detected in HT-22 cells in HG group than normal glucose group after culture for 24 h, which were all attenuated by an antioxidant N-acetyl-L-cysteine. A PI3K inhibitor LY294002 significantly decreased the levels of phospho-Akt, phospho-mTOR, phospho-p70S6K, and AChE protein expression in HG-cultured HT-22 cells, and an mTOR inhibitor rapamycin markedly reduced the levels of phospho-mTOR, phospho-p70S6K, and AChE expression. Furthermore, compared with normal rats, diabetic rats showed remarkable increases in levels of AChE activity and expression, malondialdehyde, phospho-mTOR, phospho-p70S6K, and a significant decrease in total superoxide dismutase activity in both hippocampus and cerebral cortex. However, much lower levels of phospho-mTOR, phospho-p70S6K, and AChE expression occurred in both brain regions of diabetic rats treated with rapamycin when compared with untreated ones. These results indicated that mTOR signaling was activated through the activation of PI3K/Akt pathway mediated by oxidative stress in HG-cultured HT-22 cells and diabetic rat brains, which contributed to the elevated protein expression of AChE in central neurons under the condition of HG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Wu Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical College, No. 209, Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical College, No. 209, Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Pharmacy, the People's Hospital of Hebi, Henan, China
| | - Yu Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical College, No. 209, Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ya-Qin Cheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical College, No. 209, Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xia Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical College, No. 209, Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical College, No. 209, Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiao-Xing Yin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical College, No. 209, Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, 221004, Jiangsu, China.
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Rojsanga P, Sithisarn P, Tanaka K, Mizuki D, Matsumoto K. Thunbergia laurifolia extract ameliorates cognitive and emotional deficits in olfactorectomized mice. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2015; 53:1141-1148. [PMID: 25609149 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2014.962059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Thunbergia laurifolia Lindl. (Acanthaceae) is a Thai medicinal plant used for the detoxification of poison which is likely to be beneficial for the treatment of cognitive deficits including Alzheimer's disease. OBJECTIVE To elucidate the effects of Thunbergia laurifolia leaf extract (TLL) on cognitive dysfunction and depression-like behavior in olfactory bulbectomized mice (OBX). MATERIALS AND METHODS OBX mice were treated daily with TLL at the dose of 250 and 500 mg/kg, tacrine, and imipramine, on the day after 10 d of OBX operation. The effects of TLL on cognitive and depression-like behavior of the animals were analyzed. After completing behavioral experiments, the expression levels of cholinergic marker genes encoding ChAT and muscarinic M1 receptor were quantitatively analyzed. RESULTS TLL and tacrine reduced OBX-induced cognitive deficits in the object recognition test (ORT) with the time spent for the novel object two times longer than that of the familiar object. Moreover, TLL at the dose of 500 mg/kg and imipramine ameliorated depression-like behavior in the tail suspension test (TST) by reducing the duration of immobility from 25.18% to 3.16% and from 25.18% to 6.48%, respectively. TLL at the dose of 250 and 500 mg/kg reversed the OBX-induced down-regulation of ChAT mRNA expression in the hippocampus from 0.12 to 0.17 and 0.24, respectively, while the down-regulation of mRNA expression of muscarinic M1 receptor was also reversed by TLL from 0.23 to 0.38 and 0.48, respectively. CONCLUSIONS TLL ameliorates non-spatial short-term memory deficits in OBX mice, and has the potential to exhibit an antidepressant-like action.
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Sims-Robinson C, Bakeman A, Rosko A, Glasser R, Feldman EL. The Role of Oxidized Cholesterol in Diabetes-Induced Lysosomal Dysfunction in the Brain. Mol Neurobiol 2015; 53:2287-96. [PMID: 25976368 PMCID: PMC4644712 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9207-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 05/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Abnormalities in lysosomal function have been reported in diabetes, aging, and age-related degenerative diseases. These lysosomal abnormalities are an early manifestation of neurodegenerative diseases and often precede the onset of clinical symptoms such as learning and memory deficits; however, the mechanism underlying lysosomal dysfunction is not known. In the current study, we investigated the mechanism underlying lysosomal dysfunction in the cortex and hippocampi, key structures involved in learning and memory, of a type 2 diabetes (T2D) mouse model, the leptin receptor deficient db/db mouse. We demonstrate for the first time that diabetes leads to destabilization of lysosomes as well as alterations in the protein expression, activity, and/or trafficking of two lysosomal enzymes, hexosaminidase A and cathepsin D, in the hippocampus of db/db mice. Pioglitazone, a thiazolidinedione (TZD) commonly used in the treatment of diabetes due to its ability to improve insulin sensitivity and reverse hyperglycemia, was ineffective in reversing the diabetes-induced changes on lysosomal enzymes. Our previous work revealed that pioglitazone does not reverse hypercholesterolemia; thus, we investigated whether cholesterol plays a role in diabetes-induced lysosomal changes. In vitro, cholesterol promoted the destabilization of lysosomes, suggesting that lysosomal-related changes associated with diabetes are due to elevated levels of cholesterol. Since lysosome dysfunction precedes neurodegeneration, cognitive deficits, and Alzheimer’s disease neuropathology, our results may provide a potential mechanism that links diabetes with complications of the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catrina Sims-Robinson
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA. .,Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA. .,Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Medical University of South Carolina, 96 Jonathan Lucas Street, 309D2 Clinical Sciences Building, MSC 606, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA.
| | - Anna Bakeman
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Andrew Rosko
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Rebecca Glasser
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Eva L Feldman
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
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Chemical profiling with HPLC-FTMS of exogenous and endogenous chemicals susceptible to the administration of chotosan in an animal model of type 2 diabetes-induced dementia. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2014; 104:21-30. [PMID: 25459756 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2014.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Revised: 11/08/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In our previous study, the daily administration of chotosan (CTS), a Kampo formula consisting of Uncaria and other 10 different crude drugs, ameliorated cognitive deficits in several animal models of dementia including type 2 diabetic db/db mice in a similar manner to tacrine, an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor. The present study investigated the metabonomics of CTS in db/db mice, a type 2 diabetes model, and m/m mice, a non-diabetes control strain, to identify the exogenous and endogenous chemicals susceptible to the administration of CTS using high performance liquid chromatography equipped with an orbitrap hybrid Fourier transform mass spectrometer. The results obtained revealed that the systemic administration of CTS for 20 days led to the distribution of Uncalia plant-derived alkaloids such as rhynchophylline, hirsuteine, and corynoxeine in the plasma and brains of db/db and m/m mice and induced alterations in four major metabolic pathways; i.e., (1) purine, (2) tryptophan, (3) cysteine and methionine, (4) glycerophospholipids in db/db mice. Moreover, glycerophosphocholine (GPC) levels in the plasma and brain were significantly higher in CTS-treated db/db mice than in vehicle-treated control animals. The results of the in vitro experiment using organotypic hippocampal slice cultures demonstrated that GPC (10-30 μM), as well as tacrine, protected hippocampal cells from N-methyl-d-aspartate-induced excitotoxicity in a manner that was reversible with the muscarinic receptor antagonist scopolamine, whereas GPC had no effect on the activity of acetylcholinesterase in vitro. Our results demonstrated that some CTS constituents with neuropharmacological activity were distributed in the plasma and brain tissue following the systemic administration of CTS and may subsequently have affected some metabolic pathways including glycerophospholipid metabolism and cognitive function in db/db mice. Moreover, the present metabonomic analysis suggested that GPC is a putative endogenous chemical that may be involved in the tacrine-like actions of CTS in the present diabetic animal model.
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Inada C, Niu Y, Matsumoto K, Le XT, Fujiwara H. Possible involvement of VEGF signaling system in rescuing effect of endogenous acetylcholine on NMDA-induced long-lasting hippocampal cell damage in organotypic hippocampal slice cultures. Neurochem Int 2014; 75:39-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2014.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Revised: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Okada R, Matsumoto K, Tsushima R, Fujiwara H, Tsuneyama K. Social isolation stress-induced fear memory deficit is mediated by down-regulated neuro-signaling system and Egr-1 expression in the brain. Neurochem Res 2014; 39:875-82. [PMID: 24647971 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-014-1283-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2013] [Revised: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported that social isolation (SI) rearing of rodents not only elicits a variety of behavioral abnormalities including attention deficit hyperactivity disorder-like behaviors, but also impairs fear memory in mice. This study aimed to clarify a putative mechanism underlying SI-induced conditioned fear memory deficit. Mice were group-housed (GH) or socially isolated for 2 weeks or more before the experiments. SI animals acquired contextual and auditory fear memory elucidated at 90 min and 4 h after training, respectively; however, they showed significantly impaired contextual and auditory memory performance at 24 h and 4 days after the training, respectively, indicating SI-induced deficit of the consolidation process of fear memory. Neurochemical studies conducted after behavioral tests revealed that SI mice had a significantly down-regulated level of Egr-1 but not Egr-2 in the hippocampal and cortical cytosolic fractions compared with those levels in the GH control animals. Moreover, in the SI group, phosphorylated levels of synaptic plasticity-related signaling proteins in the hippocampus, NR1 subunit of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor, glutamate receptor 1, and calmodulin-dependent kinase II but not cyclic AMP-responsive element binding protein were significantly down-regulated compared with those levels in GH animals, whereas non-phosphorylated levels of these proteins were not affected by SI. These findings suggest that dysfunctions of Egr-1 and neuro-signaling systems are involved in SI-induced deficits of fear memory consolidation in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Okada
- Division of Medicinal Pharmacology, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
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Mizuki D, Qi Z, Tanaka K, Fujiwara H, Ishikawa T, Higuchi Y, Matsumoto K. Butea superba-induced amelioration of cognitive and emotional deficits in olfactory bulbectomized mice and putative mechanisms underlying its actions. J Pharmacol Sci 2014; 124:457-67. [PMID: 24646653 DOI: 10.1254/jphs.13252fp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of alcoholic extract of Butea superba (BS) on cognitive deficits and depression-related behavior using olfactory bulbectomized (OBX) mice and the underlying molecular mechanisms of its actions. OBX mice were treated daily with BS (100 and 300 mg/kg, p.o.) or reference drugs, tacrine (2.5 mg/kg, i.p.) and imipramine (10 mg/kg, i.p.) from day 3 after OBX. OBX impaired non-spatial and spatial cognitive performances, which were elucidated by the novel object recognition test and modified Y maze test, respectively. These deficits were attenuated by tacrine and BS but not imipramine. OBX animals exhibited depression-like behavior in the tail suspension test in a manner reversible by imipramine and BS but not tacrine. OBX down-regulated phosphorylation of synaptic plasticity-related signaling proteins: NMDA receptor, AMPA receptor, calmodulin-dependent kinase II, and cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein. OBX also reduced choline acetyltransferase in the hippocampus. BS and tacrine reversed these neurochemical alterations. Moreover, BS inhibited ex vivo activity of acetylcholinesterase in the brain. These results indicate that BS ameliorates not only cognition dysfunction via normalizing synaptic plasticity-related signaling and facilitating central cholinergic systems but also depression-like behavior via a mechanism differing from that implicated in BS amelioration of cognitive function in OBX animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daishu Mizuki
- Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Japan
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Chen J, Liang L, Zhan L, Zhou Y, Zheng L, Sun X, Gong J, Sui H, Jiang R, Zhang F, Zhang L. ZiBuPiYin recipe protects db/db mice from diabetes-associated cognitive decline through improving multiple pathological changes. PLoS One 2014; 9:e91680. [PMID: 24614172 PMCID: PMC3948870 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0091680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Accepted: 02/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple organ systems, including the brain, which undergoes changes that may increase the risk of cognitive decline, are adversely affected by diabetes mellitus (DM). Here, we demonstrate that type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) db/db mice exhibited hippocampus-dependent memory impairment, which might associate with a reduction in dendritic spine density in the pyramidal neurons of brain, Aβ1-42 deposition in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus, and a decreased expression of neurostructural proteins including microtubule-associated protein (MAP2), a marker of dendrites, and postsynaptic density 95 (PSD95), a marker of excitatory synapses. To investigate the effects of the ZiBuPiYin recipe (ZBPYR), a traditional Chinese medicine recipe, on diabetes-related cognitive decline (DACD), db/db mice received daily administration of ZBPYR over an experimental period of 6 weeks. We then confirmed that ZBPYR rescued learning and memory performance impairments, reversed dendritic spine loss, reduced Aβ1-42 deposition and restored the expression levels of MAP2 and PSD95. The present study also revealed that ZBPYR strengthened brain leptin and insulin signaling and inhibited GSK3β overactivity, which may be the potential mechanism or underlying targets of ZBPYR. These findings conclude that ZBPYR prevents DACD, most likely by improving dendritic spine density and attenuating brain leptin and insulin signaling pathway injury. Our findings provide further evidence for the effects of ZBPYR on DACD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Lina Liang
- College (Institute) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Libin Zhan
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
- College (Institute) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Luping Zheng
- College (Institute) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaoxin Sun
- College (Institute) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Jin Gong
- Anatomy department of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Hua Sui
- College (Institute) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Rujiao Jiang
- College (Institute) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Fuliang Zhang
- Public Health department of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- College (Institute) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
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Du GT, Hu M, Mei ZL, Wang C, Liu GJ, Hu M, Long Y, Miao MX, Chang Li J, Hong H. Telmisartan Treatment Ameliorates Memory Deficits in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Mice via Attenuating Cerebral Amyloidosis. J Pharmacol Sci 2014; 124:418-26. [DOI: 10.1254/jphs.13157fp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Ramos-Rodriguez JJ, Ortiz O, Jimenez-Palomares M, Kay KR, Berrocoso E, Murillo-Carretero MI, Perdomo G, Spires-Jones T, Cozar-Castellano I, Lechuga-Sancho AM, Garcia-Alloza M. Differential central pathology and cognitive impairment in pre-diabetic and diabetic mice. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2013; 38:2462-75. [PMID: 23790682 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2013.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2012] [Revised: 04/11/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Although age remains the main risk factor to suffer Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VD), type 2 diabetes (T2D) has turned up as a relevant risk factor for dementia. However, the ultimate underlying mechanisms for this association remain unclear. In the present study we analyzed central nervous system (CNS) morphological and functional consequences of long-term insulin resistance and T2D in db/db mice (leptin receptor KO mice). We also included C57Bl6 mice fed with high fat diet (HFD) and a third group of C57Bl6 streptozotocin (STZ) treated mice. Db/db mice exhibited pathological characteristics that mimic both AD and VD, including age dependent cognitive deterioration, brain atrophy, increased spontaneous hemorrhages and tau phosphorylation, affecting the cortex preferentially. A similar profile was observed in STZ-induced diabetic mice. Moreover metabolic parameters, such as body weight, glucose and insulin levels are good predictors of many of these alterations in db/db mice. In addition, in HFD-induced hyperinsulinemia in C57Bl6 mice, we only observed mild CNS alterations, suggesting that central nervous system dysfunction is associated with well established T2D. Altogether our results suggest that T2D may promote many of the pathological and behavioral alterations observed in dementia, supporting that interventions devoted to control glucose homeostasis could improve dementia progress and prognosis.
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Le XT, Pham HTN, Do PT, Fujiwara H, Tanaka K, Li F, Van Nguyen T, Nguyen KM, Matsumoto K. Bacopa monnieri ameliorates memory deficits in olfactory bulbectomized mice: possible involvement of glutamatergic and cholinergic systems. Neurochem Res 2013; 38:2201-15. [PMID: 23949198 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-013-1129-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2013] [Revised: 08/05/2013] [Accepted: 08/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of alcoholic extract of Bacopa monnieri (L.) Wettst. (BM) on cognitive deficits using olfactory bulbectomized (OBX) mice and the underlying molecular mechanisms of its action. OBX mice were treated daily with BM (50 mg/kg, p.o.) or a reference drug, tacrine (2.5 mg/kg, i.p.), 1 week before and continuously 3 days after OBX. Cognitive performance of the animals was analyzed by the novel object recognition test, modified Y maze test, and fear conditioning test. Brain tissues of OBX animals were used for neurochemical and immunohistochemical studies. OBX impaired non-spatial short-term memory, spatial working memory, and long-term fair memory. BM administration ameliorated these memory disturbances. The effect of BM on short-term memory deficits was abolished by a muscarinic receptor antagonist, scopolamine. OBX downregulated phosphorylation of synaptic plasticity-related signaling proteins: NR1 subunit of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor, glutamate receptor 1 (GluR1), and calmodulin-dependent kinase II but not cyclic AMP-responsive element binding protein (CREB), and reduced brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) mRNA in the hippocampus. OBX also reduced choline acetyltransferase in the hippocampus and cholinergic neurons in the medial septum, and enlarged the size of lateral ventricle. BM administration reversed these OBX-induced neurochemical and histological alterations, except the decrease of GluR1 phosphorylation, and enhanced CREB phosphorylation. Moreover, BM treatment inhibited ex vivo activity of acetylcholinesterase in the brain. These results indicate that BM treatment ameliorates OBX-induced cognition dysfunction via a mechanism involving enhancement of synaptic plasticity-related signaling and BDNF transcription and protection of cholinergic systems from OBX-induced neuronal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xoan Thi Le
- Division of Medicinal Pharmacology, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
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Matsumoto K, Zhao Q, Niu Y, Fujiwara H, Tanaka K, Sasaki-Hamada S, Oka JI. Kampo formulations, chotosan, and yokukansan, for dementia therapy: existing clinical and preclinical evidence. J Pharmacol Sci 2013; 122:257-69. [PMID: 23883485 DOI: 10.1254/jphs.13r03cr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive deficits and behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) are typical features of patients with dementia such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), vascular dementia (VD), and other forms of senile dementia. Clinical evidence has demonstrated the potential usefulness of chotosan (CTS) and yokukansan (YKS), traditional herbal formulations called Kampo medicines, in the treatment of cognitive disturbance and BPSD in dementia patients, although the indications targeted by CTS and YKS in Kampo medicine differ. The availability of CTS and YKS for treating dementia patients is supported by preclinical studies using animal models of dementia that include cognitive/emotional deficits caused by aging and diabetes, dementia risk factors. These studies have led not only to the concept of a neuronal basis for the CTS- and YKS-induced amelioration of cognitive function and emotional/psychiatric symptom-related behavior in animal models, but also to a proposal that ingredient(s) of Uncariae Uncis cum Ramulus, a medicinal herb included in CTS and YKS, may play an important role in the actions of these formulae in dementia patients. Further studies are needed to clarify the active ingredients of these formulae and their target endogenous molecules implicated in the anti-dementia drug-like actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinzo Matsumoto
- Division of Medicinal Pharmacology, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Japan.
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Zhen YF, Zhang J, Liu XY, Fang H, Tian LB, Zhou DH, Kosten TR, Zhang XY. Low BDNF is associated with cognitive deficits in patients with type 2 diabetes. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2013; 227:93-100. [PMID: 23263460 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-012-2942-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2012] [Accepted: 11/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Studies suggest that brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plays an essential role in regulating memory-related neuroplasticity in the hippocampus. Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is associated with impairment in many domains of cognitive function which may result from reduced BDNF; however, the correlation of BDNF with cognitive impairment in T2DM has not been investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS We compared 208 patients with T2DM to 212 normal controls on serum BDNF and the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS). RESULTS Serum BDNF levels were significantly decreased in T2DM patients compared to normal controls (p < 0.001). The total score and nearly all indexes (all p < 0.01) except for attention and visuospatial/constructional indexes (all p > 0.05) of RBANS were markedly lower in T2DM than controls. There was a positive relationship between serum BDNF and delayed memory in patients with T2DM. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that BDNF may play a role in the pathophysiology of cognitive deficits, especially delayed memory in T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Feng Zhen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, People's Republic of China
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Ameliorative Effects of Acanthopanax trifoliatus on Cognitive and Emotional Deficits in Olfactory Bulbectomized Mice: An Animal Model of Depression and Cognitive Deficits. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:701956. [PMID: 23573147 PMCID: PMC3618919 DOI: 10.1155/2013/701956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2012] [Revised: 01/23/2013] [Accepted: 02/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Acanthopanax trifoliatus is a plant that has been traditionally used in Thailand as a vegetable and a tonic. This study investigated effects of the aqueous extract of its leaves (ATL) on cognitive and emotional deficits using an olfactory bulbectomized mouse (OBX) model. OBX mice were treated daily with ATL (250 and 500 mg/kg, p.o.) 3 days after OBX. Antidementia drug tacrine (2.5 mg/kg/day) and antidepressant drug imipramine (10 mg/kg/day) were given i.p. as reference drugs. OBX significantly impaired cognitive behavior in a novel object recognition test and a modified Y-maze test and induced depression-like behavior in a tail suspension test. ATL and tacrine treatment attenuated OBX-induced cognitive deficits, whereas ATL and imipramine improved OBX-induced depression-like behavior. Neurochemical studies conducted after completing behavioral experiments demonstrated that OBX downregulated the expression levels of cholinergic marker genes encoding choline acetyltransferase and muscarinic M1 receptor in a manner reversed by ATL and tacrine. Moreover, ATL and tacrine administration inhibited the ex vivo activity of acetylcholinesterase in the brain. These findings suggest that ATL is beneficial for the treatment of cognitive and emotional deficits related to dementia with depressive symptoms and that the antidementia effect of ATL is mediated by normalizing the function of central cholinergic systems.
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Inada C, Thi Le X, Tsuneyama K, Fujiwara H, Miyata T, Matsumoto K. Endogenous acetylcholine rescues NMDA-induced long-lasting hippocampal cell damage via stimulation of muscarinic M1 receptors: Elucidation using organic hippocampal slice cultures. Eur J Pharmacol 2013; 699:150-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2012.11.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2012] [Revised: 11/20/2012] [Accepted: 11/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Zhao Q, Niu Y, Matsumoto K, Tsuneyama K, Tanaka K, Miyata T, Yokozawa T. Chotosan ameliorates cognitive and emotional deficits in an animal model of type 2 diabetes: possible involvement of cholinergic and VEGF/PDGF mechanisms in the brain. Altern Ther Health Med 2012; 12:188. [PMID: 23082896 PMCID: PMC3564934 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-12-188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2012] [Accepted: 10/18/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes is one of the risk factors for cognitive deficits such as Alzheimer's disease. To obtain a better understanding of the anti-dementia effect of chotosan (CTS), a Kampo formula, we investigated its effects on cognitive and emotional deficits of type 2 diabetic db/db mice and putative mechanism(s) underlying the effects. METHODS Seven-week-old db/db mice received daily administration of CTS (375 - 750 mg/kg, p.o.) and the reference drug tacrine (THA: 2.5 mg/kg, i.p.) during an experimental period of 7 weeks. From the age of 9-week-old, the animals underwent the novel object recognition test, the modified Y-maze test, and the water maze test to elucidate cognitive performance and the elevated plus maze test to elucidate anxiety-related behavior. After completing behavioral studies, Western blotting and immunohistochemical studies were conducted. RESULTS Compared with age-matched non-diabetic control strain (m/m) mice, db/db mice exhibited impaired cognitive performance and an increased level of anxiety. CTS ameliorated cognitive and emotional deficits of db/db mice, whereas THA improved only cognitive performance. The phosphorylated levels of Akt and PKCα in the hippocampus were significantly lower and higher, respectively, in db/db mice than in m/m mice. Expression levels of the hippocampal cholinergic marker proteins and the number of the septal cholinergic neurons were also reduced in db/db mice compared with those in m/m mice. Moreover, the db/db mice had significantly reduced levels of vasculogenesis/angiogenesis factors, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), VEGF receptor type 2, platelet-derived growth factor-B, and PDGF receptor β, in the hippocampus. CTS and THA treatment reversed these neurochemical and histological alterations caused by diabetes. CONCLUSION These results suggest that CTS ameliorates diabetes-induced cognitive deficits by protecting central cholinergic and VEGF/PDGF systems via Akt signaling pathway and that CTS exhibits the anxiolytic effect via neuronal mechanism(s) independent of cholinergic or VEGF/PDGF systems in db/db mice.
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Overlapped Metabolic and Therapeutic Links between Alzheimer and Diabetes. Mol Neurobiol 2012; 47:399-424. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-012-8352-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2012] [Accepted: 09/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Sharma AK, Bharti S, Kumar R, Krishnamurthy B, Bhatia J, Kumari S, Arya DS. Syzygium cumini ameliorates insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction via modulation of PPAR, dyslipidemia, oxidative stress, and TNF-α in type 2 diabetic rats. J Pharmacol Sci 2012; 119:205-13. [PMID: 22786584 DOI: 10.1254/jphs.11184fp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Syzygium cumini (SC) is well known for its anti-diabetic potential, but the mechanism underlying its amelioration of type 2 diabetes is still elusive. Therefore, for the first time, we investigated whether SC aqueous seed extract (100, 200, or 400 mg/kg) exerts any beneficial effects on insulin resistance (IR), serum lipid profile, antioxidant status, and/or pancreatic β-cell damage in high-fat diet / streptozotocin-induced (HFD-STZ) diabetic rats. Wistar albino rats were fed with HFD (55% of calories as fat) during the experiment to induce IR and on the 10th day were injected with STZ (40 mg/kg, i.p.) to develop type 2 diabetes. Subsequently, after confirmation of hyperglycemia on the 14th day (fasting glucose level > 13.89 mM), diabetic rats were treated with SC for the next 21 days. Diabetic rats showed increased serum glucose, insulin, IR, TNF-α, dyslipidemia, and pancreatic thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances with a concomitant decrease in β-cell function and pancreatic superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase antioxidant enzyme activities. Microscopic examination of their pancreas revealed pathological changes in islets and β-cells. These alterations reverted to near-normal levels after treatment with SC at 400 mg/kg. Moreover, hepatic tissue demonstrated increased PPARγ and PPARα protein expressions. Thus, our study demonstrated the beneficial effect of SC seed extract on IR and β-cell dysfunction in HFD-STZ-induced type 2 diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Kumar Sharma
- Cardiovascular and Diabetes Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi-110029, India
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