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Matsumoto T, Nagano T, Taguchi K, Kobayashi T, Tanaka-Totoribe N. Toll-like receptor 3 involvement in vascular function. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 979:176842. [PMID: 39033837 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Maintaining endothelial cell (EC) and vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) integrity is an important component of human health and disease because both EC and VSMC regulate various functions, including vascular tone control, cellular adhesion, homeostasis and thrombosis regulation, proliferation, and vascular inflammation. Diverse stressors affect functions in both ECs and VSMCs and abnormalities of functions in these cells play a crucial role in cardiovascular disease initiation and progression. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are important detectors of pathogen-associated molecular patterns derived from various microbes and viruses as well as damage-associated molecular patterns derived from damaged cells and perform innate immune responses. Among TLRs, several studies reveal that TLR3 plays a key role in initiation, development and/or protection of diseases, and an emerging body of evidence indicates that TLR3 presents components of the vasculature, including ECs and VSMCs, and plays a functional role. An agonist of TLR3, polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid [poly (I:C)], affects ECs, including cell death, inflammation, chemoattractant, adhesion, permeability, and hemostasis. Poly (I:C) also affects VSMCs including inflammation, proliferation, and modulation of vascular tone. Moreover, alterations of vascular function induced by certain molecules and/or interventions are exerted through TLR3 signaling. Hence, we present the association between TLR3 and vascular function according to the latest studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Matsumoto
- Second Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University of Medical Science, Nobeoka, Miyazaki, 882-8508, Japan.
| | - Takayuki Nagano
- Second Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University of Medical Science, Nobeoka, Miyazaki, 882-8508, Japan
| | - Kumiko Taguchi
- Department of Physiology and Morphology, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan
| | - Tsuneo Kobayashi
- Department of Physiology and Morphology, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan
| | - Naoko Tanaka-Totoribe
- First Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University of Medical Science, Nobeoka, Miyazaki, 882-8508, Japan
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2
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Matsumoto T, Kudo M, Osada T, Taguchi K, Kobayashi T. Methylglyoxal impairs ATP- and UTP-induced relaxation in the rat carotid arteries. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 933:175259. [PMID: 36113554 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Although methylglyoxal (MGO), a highly reactive dicarbonyl compound, influences the functioning of the vasculature, modulating its effects on vascular reactivity to various substances remains unclear, especially purinoceptor ligands. Therefore, we sought to investigate the direct effects of MGO on relaxation induced by adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) and uridine 5'-triphosphate (UTP) in isolated rat carotid arteries. When carotid arteries were exposed to MGO (420 μM for 1 h), relaxation induced by acetylcholine or sodium nitroprusside was not affected by MGO. However, ATP- and UTP-induced relaxation was impaired by MGO compared with the control. In both ATP- and UTP-induced relaxation, endothelial denudation, incubation with the nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibitor NG-nitro-L-arginine or the selective P2Y purinoceptor 2 (P2Y2) receptor antagonist AR-C118925XX reduced relaxation in both the control and MGO groups, while the differences between the control and MGO groups were eliminated. The cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor indomethacin inhibited the differences in ATP/UTP-mediated relaxations between the control and MGO groups. Moreover, N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), an antioxidant, could augment carotid arterial relaxation induced by ATP/UTP in the presence of MGO. MGO increased arachidonic acid-induced contraction, which was suppressed by NAC. Following both ATP/UTP stimulation, MGO increased the release of prostanoids. These results suggest that MGO impaired ATP- and UTP-induced relaxation in carotid arteries, which was caused by suppressed P2Y2 receptor-mediated signaling and reductions in endothelial NO. Moreover, MGO partially contributed to COX-derived vasoconstrictor prostanoids through increased oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Matsumoto
- Department of Physiology and Morphology, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan.
| | - Miyo Kudo
- Department of Physiology and Morphology, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan
| | - Tomoe Osada
- Department of Physiology and Morphology, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan
| | - Kumiko Taguchi
- Department of Physiology and Morphology, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan
| | - Tsuneo Kobayashi
- Department of Physiology and Morphology, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan.
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3
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Matsumoto T, Katome T, Kojima M, Takayanagi K, Taguchi K, Kobayashi T. Methylglyoxal augments uridine diphosphate-induced contraction via activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase in rat carotid artery. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 904:174155. [PMID: 33971178 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The methylglyoxal elicits diverse adverse effects on the body. Uridine diphosphate, an extracellular nucleotide, plays an important role as a signaling molecule controlling vascular tone. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between methylglyoxal and uridine diphosphate-induced carotid arterial contraction in rats. Additionally, we examined whether p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) would involve such responses. Organ baths were conducted to determine vascular reactivity in isolated carotid arterial rings, and western blotting was used for protein analysis. Treatment with methylglyoxal to carotid arterial rings showed concentration-dependent augmentation to uridine diphosphate-induced contraction in the absence and presence of NG-nitro-L-arginine, which is a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, whereas, methylglyoxal did not affect serotonin- or isotonic high K+-induced contraction in the presence of a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor. Under nitric oxide synthase inhibition, SB203580, which is a selective p38 MAPK inhibitor, suppressed uridine diphosphate-induced contraction in both the control and methylglyoxal-treated groups, and the difference in uridine diphosphate-induced contraction was abolished by SB203580 treatment. The levels of phosphorylated p38 MAPK were increased by methylglyoxal in carotid arteries, not only under the basal condition but also under uridine diphosphate stimulation. The suppression of uridine diphosphate-induced contraction by a highly selective cell-permeable protein kinase C inhibitor bisindolylmaleimide I was observed in the methylglyoxal-treated group but not in the controls. Moreover, methylglyoxal-induced augmentation of uridine diphosphate-induced contraction was prevented by N-acetyl-L-cysteine. These results suggest that methylglyoxal could enhance uridine diphosphate-induced contraction in rat carotid arteries and may be caused by activation of p38 MAPK and protein kinase C and increased oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Matsumoto
- Department of Physiology and Morphology, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan.
| | - Tomoki Katome
- Department of Physiology and Morphology, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan
| | - Mihoka Kojima
- Department of Physiology and Morphology, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan
| | - Keisuke Takayanagi
- Department of Physiology and Morphology, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan
| | - Kumiko Taguchi
- Department of Physiology and Morphology, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan
| | - Tsuneo Kobayashi
- Department of Physiology and Morphology, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan.
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Bukhari SA, Yasmin A, Zahoor MA, Mustafa G, Sarfraz I, Rasul A. Secreted frizzled‐related protein 4 and its implication in obesity and type‐2 diabetes. IUBMB Life 2019; 71:1701-1710. [DOI: 10.1002/iub.2123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Aysha Yasmin
- Department of BiochemistryGovernment College University Faisalabad Pakistan
| | | | - Ghulam Mustafa
- Department of BiochemistryGovernment College University Faisalabad Pakistan
| | - Iqra Sarfraz
- Department of ZoologyGovernment College University Faisalabad Pakistan
| | - Azhar Rasul
- Department of ZoologyGovernment College University Faisalabad Pakistan
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Li H, O'Meara M, Zhang X, Zhang K, Seyoum B, Yi Z, Kaufman RJ, Monks TJ, Wang JM. Ameliorating Methylglyoxal-Induced Progenitor Cell Dysfunction for Tissue Repair in Diabetes. Diabetes 2019; 68:1287-1302. [PMID: 30885990 PMCID: PMC6610016 DOI: 10.2337/db18-0933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Patient-derived progenitor cell (PC) dysfunction is severely impaired in diabetes, but the molecular triggers that contribute to mechanisms of PC dysfunction are not fully understood. Methylglyoxal (MGO) is one of the highly reactive dicarbonyl species formed during hyperglycemia. We hypothesized that the MGO scavenger glyoxalase 1 (GLO1) reverses bone marrow-derived PC (BMPC) dysfunction through augmenting the activity of an important endoplasmic reticulum stress sensor, inositol-requiring enzyme 1α (IRE1α), resulting in improved diabetic wound healing. BMPCs were isolated from adult male db/db type 2 diabetic mice and their healthy corresponding control db/+ mice. MGO at the concentration of 10 µmol/L induced immediate and severe BMPC dysfunction, including impaired network formation, migration, and proliferation and increased apoptosis, which were rescued by adenovirus-mediated GLO1 overexpression. IRE1α expression and activation in BMPCs were significantly attenuated by MGO exposure but rescued by GLO1 overexpression. MGO can diminish IRE1α RNase activity by directly binding to IRE1α in vitro. In a diabetic mouse cutaneous wound model in vivo, cell therapies using diabetic cells with GLO1 overexpression remarkably accelerated wound closure by enhancing angiogenesis compared with diabetic control cell therapy. Augmenting tissue GLO1 expression by adenovirus-mediated gene transfer or with the small-molecule inducer trans-resveratrol and hesperetin formulation also improved wound closure and angiogenesis in diabetic mice. In conclusion, our data suggest that GLO1 rescues BMPC dysfunction and facilitates wound healing in diabetic animals, at least partly through preventing MGO-induced impairment of IRE1α expression and activity. Our results provide important knowledge for the development of novel therapeutic approaches targeting MGO to improve PC-mediated angiogenesis and tissue repair in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hainan Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI
| | - Megan O'Meara
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI
| | - Kezhong Zhang
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI
| | - Berhane Seyoum
- Division of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI
| | - Zhengping Yi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI
- Integrated Biosciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI
| | - Randal J Kaufman
- Degenerative Diseases Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA
| | - Terrence J Monks
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI
- Integrated Biosciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI
| | - Jie-Mei Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI
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FOXO3a-dependent up-regulation of Mxi1-0 promotes hypoxia-induced apoptosis in endothelial cells. Cell Signal 2018; 51:233-242. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2018.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Thilavech T, Abeywardena MY, Dallimore J, Adams M, Adisakwattana S. Cyanidin-3-rutinoside alleviates methylglyoxal-induced cardiovascular abnormalities in the rat. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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8
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Naturally occurring anthocyanin cyanidin-3-rutinoside possesses inherent vasorelaxant actions and prevents methylglyoxal-induced vascular dysfunction in rat aorta and mesenteric arterial bed. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 95:1251-1259. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.09.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
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Polydatin Prevents Methylglyoxal-Induced Apoptosis through Reducing Oxidative Stress and Improving Mitochondrial Function in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:7180943. [PMID: 29057033 PMCID: PMC5615983 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7180943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Methylglyoxal (MGO), an active metabolite of glucose, has been reported to induce vascular cell apoptosis in diabetic complication. Polydatin (PD), a small natural compound from Polygonum cuspidatum, has a number of biological functions, such as antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and nephroprotective properties. However, the protective effects of PD on MGO-induced apoptosis in endothelial cells remain to be elucidated. In this study, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were used to explore the effects of PD on MGO-induced cell apoptosis and the possible mechanism involved. HUVECs were pretreated with PD for 2 h, followed by stimulation with MGO. Then cell apoptosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) impairment, mitochondrial morphology alterations, and Akt phosphorylation were assessed. The results demonstrated that PD significantly prevented MGO-induced HUVEC apoptosis. PD pretreatment also significantly inhibited MGO-induced ROS production, MMP impairment, mitochondrial morphology changes, and Akt dephosphorylation. These results and the experiments involving N-acetyl cysteine (antioxidant), Cyclosporin A (mitochondrial protector), and LY294002 (Akt inhibitor) suggest that PD prevents MGO-induced HUVEC apoptosis, at least in part, through inhibiting oxidative stress, maintaining mitochondrial function, and activating Akt pathway. All of these data indicate the potential application of PD for the treatment of diabetic vascular complication.
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Zhang T, Mu Y, Yang M, Al Maruf A, Li P, Li C, Dai S, Lu J, Dong Q. (+)-Catechin prevents methylglyoxal-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis in EA.hy926 cells. Arch Physiol Biochem 2017; 123:121-127. [PMID: 28005432 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2016.1263868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether (+)-catechin, a strong antioxidant, can prevent methylglyoxal (MGO)-induced cytotoxicity and its mechanism. METHODS Cytotoxicity, apoptosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) formation, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and mitochondrial morphology were measured in EA.hy926 cells. RESULT MGO (4 mM)-induced cytotoxicity was markedly inhibited by (+)-catechin (0.1-4 mM) in 24 h. 1 mM MGO-induced apoptotic cell death (44.7%) was significantly inhibited by 4 mM (+)-catechin (to 24.4%), 1 mM aminoguanidine (AG) (to 28.8%) or 4 mM N-acetylcysteine (NAC) (to 24.3%). (+)-Catechin (4 mM) or AG (4 mM) can inhibit the decrease of MMP induced by MGO (2-8 mM) in 3 h. (+)-Catechin (4 mM) or AG (4 mM) can inhibit MGO (4 mM)-induced mitochondrial swelling in 3 h. However, MGO (4 mM)-induced ROS and H2O2 generation was not prevented by (+)-catechin (4 mM). CONCLUSIONS (+)-Catechin prevents MGO-induced cytotoxicity in EA.Hy926 cells through inhibiting apoptosis and mitochondrial damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Zhang
- a College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University , Yangling , Shaanxi , China and
| | - Yingying Mu
- a College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University , Yangling , Shaanxi , China and
| | - Mingqi Yang
- a College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University , Yangling , Shaanxi , China and
| | | | - Panpan Li
- a College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University , Yangling , Shaanxi , China and
| | - Chao Li
- a College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University , Yangling , Shaanxi , China and
| | - Shaohua Dai
- a College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University , Yangling , Shaanxi , China and
| | - Jiangyi Lu
- a College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University , Yangling , Shaanxi , China and
| | - Qiang Dong
- a College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University , Yangling , Shaanxi , China and
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Do MH, Kim SY. Hypericin, a Naphthodianthrone Derivative, Prevents Methylglyoxal-Induced Human Endothelial Cell Dysfunction. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2017; 25:158-164. [PMID: 27302958 PMCID: PMC5340540 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2016.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Revised: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Methylglyoxal (MGO) is a highly reactive metabolite of glucose which is known to cause damage and induce apoptosis in endothelial cells. Endothelial cell damage is implicated in the progression of diabetes-associated complications and atherosclerosis. Hypericin, a naphthodianthrone isolated from Hypericum perforatum L. (St. John's Wort), is a potent and selective inhibitor of protein kinase C and is reported to reduce neuropathic pain. In this work, we investigated the protective effect of hypericin on MGO-induced apoptosis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Hypericin showed significant anti-apoptotic activity in MGO-treated HUVECs. Pretreatment with hypericin significantly inhibited MGO-induced changes in cell morphology, cell death, and production of intracellular reactive oxygen species. Hypericin prevented MGO-induced apoptosis in HUVECs by increasing Bcl-2 expression and decreasing Bax expression. MGO was found to activate mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). Pretreatment with hypericin strongly inhibited the activation of MAPKs, including P38, JNK, and ERK1/2. Interestingly, hypericin also inhibited the formation of AGEs. These findings suggest that hypericin may be an effective regulator of MGO-induced apoptosis. In conclusion, hypericin downregulated the formation of AGEs and ameliorated MGO-induced dysfunction in human endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moon Ho Do
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Yeou Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea.,Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea.,Gachon Medical Research Institute, Gil Medical Center, Incheon 21565, Republic of Korea
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12
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Matafome P, Rodrigues T, Sena C, Seiça R. Methylglyoxal in Metabolic Disorders: Facts, Myths, and Promises. Med Res Rev 2017; 37:368-403. [PMID: 27636890 DOI: 10.1002/med.21410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Revised: 08/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 08/26/2024]
Abstract
Glucose and fructose metabolism originates the highly reactive byproduct methylglyoxal (MG), which is a strong precursor of advanced glycation end products (AGE). The MG has been implicated in classical diabetic complications such as retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy, but has also been recently associated with cardiovascular diseases and central nervous system disorders such as cerebrovascular diseases and dementia. Recent studies even suggested its involvement in insulin resistance and beta-cell dysfunction, contributing to the early development of type 2 diabetes and creating a vicious circle between glycation and hyperglycemia. Despite several drugs and natural compounds have been identified in the last years in order to scavenge MG and inhibit AGE formation, we are still far from having an effective strategy to prevent MG-induced mechanisms. This review summarizes the endogenous and exogenous sources of MG, also addressing the current controversy about the importance of exogenous MG sources. The mechanisms by which MG changes cell behavior and its involvement in type 2 diabetes development and complications and the pathophysiological implication are also summarized. Particular emphasis will be given to pathophysiological relevance of studies using higher MG doses, which may have produced biased results. Finally, we also overview the current knowledge about detoxification strategies, including modulation of endogenous enzymatic systems and exogenous compounds able to inhibit MG effects on biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Matafome
- Laboratory of Physiology, Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (IBILI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Complementary Sciences, Coimbra Health School (ESTeSC), Instituto Politécnico de Coimbra, 3045-601, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Tiago Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Physiology, Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (IBILI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Cristina Sena
- Laboratory of Physiology, Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (IBILI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Raquel Seiça
- Laboratory of Physiology, Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (IBILI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal
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Chu P, Han G, Ahsan A, Sun Z, Liu S, Zhang Z, Sun B, Song Y, Lin Y, Peng J, Tang Z. Phosphocreatine protects endothelial cells from Methylglyoxal induced oxidative stress and apoptosis via the regulation of PI3K/Akt/eNOS and NF-κB pathway. Vascul Pharmacol 2016; 91:26-35. [PMID: 27590258 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2016.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2016] [Revised: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Methylglyoxal (MGO), an active metabolite of glucose, can cause cellular injury which has an affinity for the progression of diabetes-associated atherosclerosis. Phosphocreatine (PCr) is a well-known high-energy phosphate compound. However, its protective effects and mechanism in the formation of a diabetes-associated atherosclerosis have not been clarified. In the present study, we investigated whether PCr could prevent MGO-induced apoptosis in human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs) and explored the possible mechanisms. Cells were pre-treated with PCr and then stimulated with MGO. Cell morphology, cytotoxicity and apoptosis were assessed by light microscopy, MTT assay, and Annexin V-FITC respectively. Apoptotic-related proteins were evaluated by Western blotting. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, intracellular calcium and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) were measured with fluorescent probes. Our results showed that PCr dose-dependently prevented MGO associated HUVEC cytotoxicity and suppressed MGO activated ROS generation as well as apoptotic biochemical changes such as lactate dehydrogenase, malondialdehyde leakage, loss of MMP, decreased Bcl-2/Bax protein ratio, levels of caspase-3 and 9. In addition, the antiapoptotic effect of PCr enhanced p-Akt/Akt protein ratio, NO synthase (eNOS) activation, NO production and cGMP levels and also was partially suppressed by a PI3K inhibitor (LY294002). Furthermore, PCr also inhibited MGO-induced transcriptional activity of Nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB). In conclusion, our data described that PCr exerts an antiapoptotic effect in HUVECs exposed to oxidative stress by MGO through the mitochondrial pathway and the modulation of PI3K/Akt/eNOS and NF-κB signaling pathway. Thus, it might be a candidate therapeutic agent for diabetic-associated cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Chu
- Pharmacology Department, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Guozhu Han
- Pharmacology Department, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Anil Ahsan
- Pharmacology Department, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Zhengwu Sun
- Pharmacology Department, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Shumin Liu
- Pharmacology Department, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Zonghui Zhang
- Pharmacology Department, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Bin Sun
- Pharmacology Department, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yanlin Song
- Pharmacology Department, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yuan Lin
- Pharmacology Department, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jinyong Peng
- Pharmacology Department, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Zeyao Tang
- Pharmacology Department, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
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El-Bassossy HM, Elberry AA, Ghareib SA. Geraniol improves the impaired vascular reactivity in diabetes and metabolic syndrome through calcium channel blocking effect. J Diabetes Complications 2016; 30:1008-16. [PMID: 27131411 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2016.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of the present study is to investigate the effect and possible mechanism of action of geraniol on the impaired vascular reactivity of aortic rings isolated from diabetes or metabolic syndrome (MS) -induced rats. METHODS Male Wistar rats were divided into control, type 1 diabetes and metabolic syndrome (MS) groups. Diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (50mg/kg) and left for 10weeks to develop vascular complications. MS was induced by adding 10% fructose and 3% salt to water and diet for 12weeks. The present study investigated the effect of in vitro incubation with geraniol (10-300μM) on the vasoconstrictor response to phenylephrine (PE) and the vasodilator response to acetylcholine (ACh) as well as its effect on aortae incubated with methylglyoxal (MG) as an advanced glycation end product (AGE). To investigate the mechanism of action of geraniol, different blockers are used, including Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME, 100μM), tetraethylammonium chloride (TEA, 10mM), and indomethacin (INDO, 5μM). Moreover, the effect of calcium chloride (CaCl2) on aortic rings precontracted with PE or potassium chloride (KCl) was examined. RESULTS Thirty minutes incubation with geraniol alleviated the exaggerated vasoconstriction in aortae isolated from diabetic or MS animals or in vitro exposed to MG in a concentration-dependent manner. In addition, geraniol improved the vasodilatation response of diabetic or MS aortae or aortae exposed to MG. In search for the mechanism; geraniol produced concentration-dependent relaxation of both PE and KCl-precontracted aorta. Geraniol relaxation was not affected by L-NAME, INDO or TEA. However, geraniol significantly inhibited voltage dependent and receptor mediated Ca(2+)-induced contraction activated by KCl or PE respectively. CONCLUSION In conclusion, geraniol ameliorates impaired vascular reactivity in experimentally induced diabetes and MS. The effect may be partially attributed to an endothelium-independent pathway involving blockage of both voltage dependent and receptor operated calcium channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hany M El-Bassossy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A Elberry
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt.
| | - Salah A Ghareib
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Ghareib SA, El-Bassossy HM, Elberry AA, Azhar A, Watson ML, Banjar ZM, Alahdal AM. Protective effect of zingerone on increased vascular contractility in diabetic rat aorta. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 780:174-9. [PMID: 27020549 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.03.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Revised: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect and possible mechanism of action of zingerone, the main constituent of ginger, on vascular reactivity in isolated aorta from diabetic rats. The results show that incubation of aortae with zingerone alleviates the exaggerated vasoconstriction of diabetic aortae to phenylephrine, as well as the impaired relaxatory response to acetylcholine in a concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, Zingerone directly relax phenylephrine-precontracted aortae. The vasorelaxatory response is significantly attenuated by the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor Nω-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride and the guanylate cyclase inhibitor methylene blue but no effect of either the potassium channels blocker tetraethylammonium chloride, or the cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin was observed. Zingerone had no effect on advanced glycation end product formation as well. In conclusion, zingerone ameliorates enhanced vascular contraction in diabetic aortae which may be mediated by its vasodilator effect through NO- and guanylate cyclase stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salah A Ghareib
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hany M El-Bassossy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A Elberry
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt.
| | - Ahmad Azhar
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Malcolm L Watson
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Zainy M Banjar
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman M Alahdal
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
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16
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Lin CC, Chan CM, Huang YP, Hsu SH, Huang CL, Tsai SJ. Methylglyoxal activates NF-κB nuclear translocation and induces COX-2 expression via a p38-dependent pathway in synovial cells. Life Sci 2016; 149:25-33. [PMID: 26898122 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.02.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Revised: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS There is growing evidence of an increased prevalence of osteoarthritis (OA) among people with diabetes. Synovial inflammation and increased expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) are two key features of patients with OA. Methylglyoxal (MGO) is a common intermediate in the formation of advanced glycation end-products, and its concentration is also typically higher in diabetes. In this study, we investigated the effects of the treatment of different MGO concentrations to rabbit HIG-82 synovial cells on COX-2 expression. MAIN METHODS The MGO induced COX-2 mRNA expression was detected by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The MGO induced COX-2 protein production and its signaling pathways were detected by western blotting. The nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) nuclear translocation by MGO was examined by immunofluorescence. KEY FINDINGS In the present study, we find that MGO has no toxic effects on rabbit synovial cells under the experimental conditions. Our analysis demonstrates that MGO induced COX-2 mRNA and protein production. Moreover, MGO induces p38-dependent COX-2 protein expression as well as the phosphorylations of extracellular signal-regulated kinase, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)/p70S6K; however, inhibition of JNK and Akt/mTOR/p70S6K phosphorylations further activates COX-2 protein expression. Furthermore, MGO is shown to activate of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) nuclear translocation. SIGNIFICANCE Our results suggest that MGO can induce COX-2 expression via a p38-dependent pathway and activate NF-κB nuclear translocation in synovial cells. These results provide insight into the pathogenesis of the synovial inflammation under the diabetic condition associated with higher MGO levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-Chao Lin
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chung Shan Medical University, School of Medicine and Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Ming Chan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Cardinal Tien Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Pin Huang
- Medical Research Center, Cardinal Tien Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Hao Hsu
- Medical Research Center, Cardinal Tien Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chuen-Lin Huang
- Medical Research Center, Cardinal Tien Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Graduate Institute of Physiology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Su-Ju Tsai
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chung Shan Medical University, School of Medicine and Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan.
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Do MH, Kim SN, Seo SY, Yeo EJ, Kim SY. δ-Tocopherol prevents methylglyoxal-induced apoptosis by reducing ROS generation and inhibiting apoptotic signaling cascades in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Food Funct 2016; 6:1568-77. [PMID: 25832198 DOI: 10.1039/c4fo01110d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Methylglyoxal (MGO) is a highly reactive metabolite of glucose, which is known to cause damage and induce apoptosis in endothelial cells. Endothelial cell damage is implicated in the progression of diabetes-associated complications and atherosclerosis. Nuts are high in vitamin E. Consumption of nuts has been recommended for the prevention of cardiovascular disease. However, different nuts contain different forms of vitamin E, which can have different effects on endothelial cells. In this work, we investigated the protective effect of different isoforms of vitamin E on MGO-induced apoptosis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Among all forms of vitamin E, δ-tocopherol showed the highest effect on apoptosis of HUVECs. We also compared the anti-apoptotic activity of δ-tocopherol with that of α-tocopherol in MGO-treated HUVECs. Pretreatment with α- or δ-tocopherol significantly inhibited MGO-induced changes in cell morphology, cell death, and production of intracellular reactive oxygen species. δ-Tocopherol prevented MGO-induced apoptosis in HUVECs by increasing Bcl-2 expression and decreasing Bax expression. Interestingly, α-tocopherol also inhibited these factors but to a lesser extent than δ-tocopherol. MGO was found to activate mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). Compared to pretreatment with α-tocopherol, pretreatment with δ-tocopherol more strongly inhibited the activation of MAPKs, such as JNK and ERK1/2. These findings suggest that δ-tocopherol may be a more effective regulator of MGO-induced apoptosis than α-tocopherol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moon ho Do
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
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Ghareib SA, El-Bassossy HM, Elberry AA, Azhar A, Watson ML, Banjar ZM. 6-Gingerol alleviates exaggerated vasoconstriction in diabetic rat aorta through direct vasodilation and nitric oxide generation. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2015; 9:6019-26. [PMID: 26609223 PMCID: PMC4644177 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s94346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study is to investigate the effect and potential mechanism of action of 6-gingerol on alterations of vascular reactivity in the isolated aorta from diabetic rats. Male Wistar rats were divided into two experimental groups, control and diabetics. Diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (50 mg kg−1), and the rats were left for 10 weeks to develop vascular complications. The effect of in vitro incubation with 6-gingerol (0.3–3 μM) on the vasoconstrictor response of the isolated diabetic aortae to phenylephrine and the vasodilator response to acetylcholine was examined. Effect of 6-gingerol was also examined on aortae incubated with methylglyoxal as an advanced glycation end product (AGE). To investigate the mechanism of action of 6-gingerol, the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor Nω-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (100 μM), guanylate cyclase inhibitor methylene blue (5 μM), calcium-activated potassium channel blocker tetraethylammonium chloride (10 mM), and cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin (5 μM) were added 30 minutes before assessing the direct vasorelaxant effect of 6-gingerol. Moreover, in vitro effects of 6-gingerol on NO release and the effect of 6-gingerol on AGE production were examined. Results showed that incubation of aortae with 6-gingerol (0.3–10 μM) alleviated the exaggerated vasoconstriction of diabetic aortae to phenylephrine in a concentration-dependent manner with no significant effect on the impaired relaxatory response to acetylcholine. Similar results were seen in the aortae exposed to methylglyoxal. In addition, 6-gingerol induced a direct vasodilation effect that was significantly inhibited by Nω-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride and methylene blue. Furthermore, 6-gingerol stimulated aortic NO generation but had no effect on AGE formation. In conclusion, 6-gingerol ameliorates enhanced vascular contraction in diabetic aortae, which may be partially attributed to its ability to increase the production of NO and stimulation of cyclic guanosine monophosphate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salah A Ghareib
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hany M El-Bassossy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia ; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A Elberry
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia ; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Beni Suef University, Beni Suef, Egypt
| | - Ahmad Azhar
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Malcolm L Watson
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Zainy Mohammed Banjar
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Fang L, Li X, Zhong Y, Yu J, Yu L, Dai H, Yan M. Autophagy protects human brain microvascular endothelial cells against methylglyoxal-induced injuries, reproducible in a cerebral ischemic model in diabetic rats. J Neurochem 2015; 135:431-40. [PMID: 26251121 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2015] [Revised: 07/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral microvascular endothelial cells (ECs) are crucial for brain vascular repair and maintenance, but their physiological function may be impaired during ischemic stroke and diabetes. Methylglyoxal (MGO), a reactive dicarbonyl produced during glucose metabolism, could exacerbate ischemia-induced EC injury and dysfunction. We investigated the protective effect of autophagy on cultured human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMEC) that underwent MGO treatment. A further study was conducted to explore the underlying mechanisms of the protective effect. Autophagic activity was assessed by evaluating protein levels, using western blot. 3-methyladenine (3-MA), bafilomycin A1, ammonium chloride (AC), Beclin 1 siRNA, and chloroquine (CQ) were used to cause autophagy inhibition. Alarmar blue assay and lactate dehydrogenase release assay were used to evaluate cell viability. Streptozotocin was administered to induce type I diabetes in rats and post-permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion was performed to elicit cerebral ischemia. Blood-brain barrier permeability was also assessed. Our study found that MGO reduced HBMEC cell viability in a concentration- and time-dependent manner, and triggered the responsive autophagy activation. Autophagy inhibitors bafilomycin A1, AC, 3-MA, and BECN1 siRNA exacerbated MGO-induced HBMEC injury. FAK phosphorylation inhibitor PF573228 inhibited MGO-triggered autophagy and enhanced lactate dehydrogenase release. Meanwhile, similar autophagy activation in brain vascular ECs was observed during permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion-induced cerebral ischemia in diabetic rats, while chloroquine-induced autophagy inhibition enhanced blood-brain barrier permeability. Taken together, our study indicates that autophagy triggered by MGO defends HBMEC against injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Fang
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xue Li
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yinbo Zhong
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing Yu
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lina Yu
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haibin Dai
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Min Yan
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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20
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Nam DH, Han JH, Lee TJ, Shishido T, Lim JH, Kim GY, Woo CH. CHOP deficiency prevents methylglyoxal-induced myocyte apoptosis and cardiac dysfunction. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2015; 85:168-77. [PMID: 26027784 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2015.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Revised: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies indicate that methylglyoxal (MGO) plasma levels are closely linked to diabetes and the exacerbation of diabetic cardiovascular complications. Recently, it was established that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress importantly contributes to the pathogenesis of diabetes and its cardiovascular complications. The objective of this study was to explore the mechanism by which diabetes instigates cardiomyocyte apoptosis and cardiac dysfunction via MGO-mediated myocyte apoptosis. Intriguingly, the MGO activated unfolded protein response pathway accompanying apoptotic events, such as cleavages of PARP-1 and caspase-3. In addition, Western blot analysis revealed that MGO-induced myocyte apoptosis was inhibited by depletion of CHOP with siRNA against Ddit3, the gene name for rat CHOP. To investigate the physiologic roles of CHOP in vivo, glucose tolerance and cardiac dysfunction were assessed in CHOP-deficient mice. No significant difference was observed between CHOP KO and littermate naïve controls in terms of the MGO-induced impairment of glucose tolerance. In contrast, myocyte apoptosis, inflammation, and cardiac dysfunction were significantly diminished in CHOP KO compared with littermate naïve controls. These results showed that CHOP is the key signal for myocyte apoptosis and cardiac dysfunction induced by MGO. These findings suggest a therapeutic potential of CHOP inhibition in the management of diabetic cardiovascular complications including diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae-Hwan Nam
- Department of Pharmacology, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, 317-1 Daemyung-dong, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hwa Han
- Department of Pharmacology, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, 317-1 Daemyung-dong, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Jin Lee
- Department of Anatomy, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, 317-1 Daemyung-dong, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Tetsuro Shishido
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Nephrology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, 2-2-2 Iida-Nishi, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan
| | - Jae Hyang Lim
- Department of Microbiology, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, 911-1 Mok-dong, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Geun-Young Kim
- Division of Cardiovascular and Rare Diseases, Center for Biomedical Sciences, Korea National Institute of Health, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Hoon Woo
- Department of Pharmacology, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, 317-1 Daemyung-dong, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
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21
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Liu YS, Xu DL, Huang ZW, Hao L, Wang X, Lu QH. Atorvastatin counteracts high glucose-induced Krüppel-like factor 2 suppression in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Postgrad Med 2015; 127:446-54. [PMID: 25927862 DOI: 10.1080/00325481.2015.1039451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Krüppel-like factor 2 (KLF2) is a transcription factor that regulates endothelial function and atorvastatin can stabilize atherosclerotic plaque and inhibit inflammation on endothelial cells by attenuating the role of cytokines. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of high glucose (HG) on KLF2 expression in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and the underlying mechanisms. METHODS HUVECs were isolated from the human umbilical cords from normal pregnancies and exposed to medium containing 25.5 mM D-glucose for 24 hours as the HG induction model (HG group). In the HG plus atorvastatin groups or KLF2 gene transduction, the medium then was collected for the nitric oxide (NO) assay and the cells were harvested for Western blot and for the real-time polymerase chain reaction to observe the expression of KLF2, vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1, intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1, total and phosphorylated endothelial NO synthase (eNOS), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2, caspase-3 and cleaved caspase-3 and the role of the p38MAPK and ERK1/2 intracellular signal pathway. The cells' apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry. RESULTS HG dose-dependently increased apoptosis. The presence of HG inhibited the expression of KLF2 mRNA and protein in HUVECs and atorvastatin treatment increased KLF2 expression, thus counteracted HG-induced suppression of KLF2 expression, and overexpression of KLF2 might protect the cells from apoptosis. HG increased the expression of VCAM-1, ICAM-1, but decreased the nitric oxide release and the expression of p-eNOs/eNos in HUVECs. However, atorvastatin reversed these changes and also attenuated high-glucose induced p38 MAPK and ERK1/2 phosphorylation. CONCLUSIONS HG suppressed the KLF2 expression in HUVECs. The suppression was counteracted by atorvastatin treatment, probably via attenuating the activation of the signal pathyway p38 MAPK and ERK1/2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Sheng Liu
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Hospital of Shandong University , Shandong , PR China
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22
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Hoffmann MM, Werner C, Böhm M, Laufs U, Winkler K. Association of secreted frizzled-related protein 4 (SFRP4) with type 2 diabetes in patients with stable coronary artery disease. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2014; 13:155. [PMID: 25408147 PMCID: PMC4247677 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-014-0155-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Secreted frizzled-related proteins (SFRP) are regulators of Wnt-signalling. SFRP4 has been shown to regulate insulin exocytosis and is overexpressed in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Here we characterized the relation of SFRP4 to glucose and triglyceride metabolism and outcomes in patients with stable coronary artery disease on statin treatment in the prospective Homburg Cream & Sugar Study (NCT00628524). Methods Fasting SFRP4 concentrations were measured by ELISA in 504 consecutive patients with stable CAD confirmed by angiography. Results The median age was 68 years and 83% of patients were male. Oral glucose tolerance tests were performed in all patients without known diabetes for metabolic characterization. 24.4% of patients showed normal glucose tolerance, 29.4% impaired glucose tolerance and 46.2% diabetes mellitus. SFRP4 concentrations correlated with insulin (R = 0.153, p = 0.001), HbA1c (R = 0.166, p < 0.0001), fasting triglycerides (R = 0.113, p = 0.011) and higher triglycerides after lipid challenge (postprandial triglycerides R = 0.124, p = 0.005; AUC R = 0.134, p = 0.003). Higher SFRP4 concentrations were associated with type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and severity of diabetes. The primary outcome was the composite of cardiovascular death and cardiovascular hospitalization within 48 months follow-up. Comparison of event-free survival between SFRP4 tertiles showed that SFRP4 concentrations were not predictive for cardiovascular outcome. Conclusions SFRP4 concentrations are associated with impaired glucose and triglyceride metabolism but do not predict cardiovascular outcome in patients with stable coronary artery disease on treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael M Hoffmann
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Christian Werner
- Klinik für Innere Medizin III, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Homburg, Germany.
| | - Michael Böhm
- Klinik für Innere Medizin III, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Homburg, Germany.
| | - Ulrich Laufs
- Klinik für Innere Medizin III, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Homburg, Germany.
| | - Karl Winkler
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
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Seo K, Ki SH, Shin SM. Methylglyoxal induces mitochondrial dysfunction and cell death in liver. Toxicol Res 2014; 30:193-8. [PMID: 25343013 PMCID: PMC4206746 DOI: 10.5487/tr.2014.30.3.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Revised: 06/14/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Degradation of glucose is aberrantly increased in hyperglycemia, which causes various harmful effects on the liver. Methylglyoxal is produced during glucose degradation and the levels of methylglyoxal are increased in diabetes patients. In this study we investigated whether methylglyoxal induces mitochondrial impairment and apoptosis in HepG2 cells and induces liver toxicity in vivo. Methylglyoxal caused apoptotic cell death in HepG2 cells. Moreover, methylglyoxal significantly promoted the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and depleted glutathione (GSH) content. Pretreatment with antioxidants caused a marked decrease in methylglyoxal-induced apoptosis, indicating that oxidant species are involved in the apoptotic process. Methylglyoxal treatment induced mitochondrial permeability transition, which represents mitochondrial impairment. However, pretreatment with cyclosporin A, an inhibitor of the formation of the permeability transition pore, partially inhibited methylglyoxal-induced cell death. Furthermore, acute treatment of mice with methylglyoxal increased the plasma levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), indicating liver toxicity. Collectively, our results showed that methylglyoxal increases cell death and induces liver toxicity, which results from ROS-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyuhwa Seo
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Sung Hwan Ki
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Sang Mi Shin
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea
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Seo K, Seo S, Han JY, Ki SH, Shin SM. Resveratrol attenuates methylglyoxal-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis by Sestrin2 induction. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2014; 280:314-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2014.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Revised: 08/03/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Tajes M, Eraso-Pichot A, Rubio-Moscardó F, Guivernau B, Bosch-Morató M, Valls-Comamala V, Muñoz FJ. Methylglyoxal reduces mitochondrial potential and activates Bax and caspase-3 in neurons: Implications for Alzheimer's disease. Neurosci Lett 2014; 580:78-82. [PMID: 25102327 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2014.07.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Revised: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by the oxidative stress generated from amyloid β-peptide (Aβ) aggregates. It produces protein nitrotyrosination, after the reaction with nitric oxide to form peroxynitrite, being triosephosphate isomerase (TPI) one of the most affected proteins. TPI is a glycolytic enzyme that catalyzes the interconversion between glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (GAP) and dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP). Methylglyoxal (MG) is a by-product of TPI activity whose production is triggered when TPI is nitrotyrosinated. MG is harmful to cells because it glycates proteins. Here we found protein glycation when human neuroblastoma cells were treated with Aβ. Moreover glycation was also observed when neuroblastoma cells overexpressed mutated TPI where Tyr165 or Tyr209, the two tyrosines close to the catalytic center, were changed by Phe in order to mimic the effect of nitrotyrosination. The pathological relevance of these findings was studied by challenging cells with Aβ oligomers and MG. A significant decrease in mitochondrial transmembrane potential, one of the first apoptotic events, was obtained. Therefore, increasing concentrations of MG were assayed searching for MG effect in neuronal apoptosis. We found a decrease of the protective Bcl2 and an increase of the proapoptotic caspase-3 and Bax levels. Our results suggest that MG is triggering apoptosis in neurons and it would play a key role in AD neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Tajes
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology and Channelopathies, Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut (DCEXS), Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Abel Eraso-Pichot
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology and Channelopathies, Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut (DCEXS), Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fanny Rubio-Moscardó
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology and Channelopathies, Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut (DCEXS), Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Biuse Guivernau
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology and Channelopathies, Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut (DCEXS), Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mònica Bosch-Morató
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology and Channelopathies, Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut (DCEXS), Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Victòria Valls-Comamala
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology and Channelopathies, Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut (DCEXS), Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francisco J Muñoz
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology and Channelopathies, Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut (DCEXS), Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.
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Tóth AE, Walter FR, Bocsik A, Sántha P, Veszelka S, Nagy L, Puskás LG, Couraud PO, Takata F, Dohgu S, Kataoka Y, Deli MA. Edaravone protects against methylglyoxal-induced barrier damage in human brain endothelial cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e100152. [PMID: 25033388 PMCID: PMC4102474 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0100152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Elevated level of reactive carbonyl species, such as methylglyoxal, triggers carbonyl stress and activates a series of inflammatory responses leading to accelerated vascular damage. Edaravone is the active substance of a Japanese medicine, which aids neurological recovery following acute brain ischemia and subsequent cerebral infarction. Our aim was to test whether edaravone can exert a protective effect on the barrier properties of human brain endothelial cells (hCMEC/D3 cell line) treated with methylglyoxal. Methodology Cell viability was monitored in real-time by impedance-based cell electronic sensing. The barrier function of the monolayer was characterized by measurement of resistance and flux of permeability markers, and visualized by immunohistochemistry for claudin-5 and β-catenin. Cell morphology was also examined by holographic phase imaging. Principal Findings Methylglyoxal exerted a time- and dose-dependent toxicity on cultured human brain endothelial cells: a concentration of 600 µM resulted in about 50% toxicity, significantly reduced the integrity and increased the permeability of the barrier. The cell morphology also changed dramatically: the area of cells decreased, their optical height significantly increased. Edaravone (3 mM) provided a complete protection against the toxic effect of methylglyoxal. Co-administration of edaravone restored cell viability, barrier integrity and functions of brain endothelial cells. Similar protection was obtained by the well-known antiglycating molecule, aminoguanidine, our reference compound. Conclusion These results indicate for the first time that edaravone is protective in carbonyl stress induced barrier damage. Our data may contribute to the development of compounds to treat brain endothelial dysfunction in carbonyl stress related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea E. Tóth
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Fruzsina R. Walter
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Alexandra Bocsik
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Petra Sántha
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Szilvia Veszelka
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | | | | | - Pierre-Olivier Couraud
- Inserm, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR8104, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Fuyuko Takata
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care and Health Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shinya Dohgu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care and Health Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yasufumi Kataoka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care and Health Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Mária A. Deli
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
Glo1 (glyxoalase I) is a cytosolic protein expressed in all mammalian cells. Its physiological function is the detoxification of MG (methylglyoxal), which is a potent precursor of AGEs (advanced glycation end-products). Although the impact of AGEs on different forms of vascular diseases has been intensively investigated, the evidence for the involvement of Glo1 and MG is still scarce. Recently, several studies have provided significant evidence for Glo1 having a protective effect on microvascular complications in diabetic patients, such as retinopathy and nephropathy. Regarding macrovascular complications, especially atherosclerotic lesions, the impact of Glo1 is even less clear. In the present article, we review the latest findings regarding the role of Glo1 and MG in vascular biology and the pathophysiology of micro- and macro-vascular disease.
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Lv Q, Gu C, Chen C. Venlafaxine protects methylglyoxal-induced apoptosis in the cultured human brain microvascular endothelial cells. Neurosci Lett 2014; 569:99-103. [PMID: 24631568 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2014.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2014] [Revised: 02/22/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
It was reported that venlafaxine protects microvascular endothelial cells injury in several models. But the mechanisms of venlafaxine protects cell injury still poor understanding. Here, we shows that in the cultured human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMEC), we found that venlafaxine protects methylglyoxal (MGO)-induced cell injury, and the venlafaxine significant reduction in the level of reactive oxygen species, down-regulated expression of pro-apoptotic activated caspase-3 and Bax, increased BDNF release and expression of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 in the cultured HBMEC. Furthermore, we found that venlafaxine inhibits MGO-induced phosphorylation of JNK. Moreover, venlafaxine increased AKT phosphorylation and the protective effects of venlafaxine was inhibited by PI3K/AKT inhibitor. These findings suggest that venlafaxine protects MGO-induced HBMEC injury through PI3K/AKT and JNK pathway as the potential underlying mechanisms of HBMEC injury in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghua Lv
- Cancer Institute, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Chengyao Gu
- Department of Neurology, Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo 315000, China
| | - Caijing Chen
- Department of Neurology, Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo 315000, China.
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29
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Boucher J, Simard E, Froehlich U, Grandbois M. Amplification of AngII-dependent cell contraction by glyoxal: implication of cell mechanical properties and actomyosin activity. Integr Biol (Camb) 2014; 6:411-21. [PMID: 24503653 DOI: 10.1039/c3ib40243f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Glyoxal (GO), a highly reactive metabolite of glucose, is associated with diabetic vascular complications via the formation of advanced glycation end-products. Considering its ability to react with proteins' amino acids and its crosslinking potential, we suggest that GO affects cellular mechanical functions such as contractility. Therefore, we tested the effects of GO on cellular contractile response following AngII stimulation of human embryonic kidney cells over-expressing the AT1 receptor (HEK 293 AT1aR). Prior to cell stimulation with AngII, cells exposed to GO exhibited carboxymethyllysine-adduct formation and an increase in cellular stiffness, which could be prevented by pre-treatment with aminoguanidine. The time-dependent cellular contractile response to AngII was measured by monitoring cell membrane displacement by atomic force atomic force microscopy (AFM) and by quantifying myosin light chain phosphorylation (p-MLC) via immunoblotting. Interestingly, short-term GO exposure increased by 2.6 times the amplitude of cell contraction induced by AngII and this was also associated with a sustained rise in p-MLC. This increased response to AngII induced by GO appears to be linked to its glycation potential, as aminoguanidine pre-treatment prevented this increased cellular mechanical response. Our results also suggest that GO could have an impact on ROCK activity, as ROCK inhibition with Y-27632 blocked the enhanced contractile response (p = 0.011) measured under GO conditions. Together, these results indicate that GO enhances the cellular response to AngII and modifies cellular mechanical properties via a mechanism that relies on its glycation potential and on the activation of the ROCK-dependent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Boucher
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001 12e avenue, Sherbrooke, J1H 5N4, QC, Canada.
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Phalitakul S, Okada M, Hara Y, Yamawaki H. Vaspin prevents methylglyoxal-induced apoptosis in human vascular endothelial cells by inhibiting reactive oxygen species generation. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2013; 209:212-9. [PMID: 23782902 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2013] [Revised: 05/10/2013] [Accepted: 06/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
AIM Vaspin (visceral adipose tissue-derived serine protease inhibitor) is a novel adipocytokine found in visceral white adipose tissues of obese type 2 diabetic rats. We have previously shown that vaspin has anti-inflammatory and antimigratory effects in vascular smooth muscle cells. Methylglyoxal (MGO) is an active metabolite of glucose and mediates diabetic vascular complications including endothelial cell (EC) apoptosis. Nonetheless, effects of vaspin on MGO-induced apoptosis of vascular EC remain to be determined. We investigated the effects of vaspin on MGO-induced apoptosis of human umbilical vein ECs (HUVECs). METHODS Human umbilical vein ECs were treated with MGO (560 μm, 12 h) in the absence or presence of vaspin (1 ng mL(-1), pre-treatment for 2 h). Cell death was evaluated by a cell counting assay. Apoptosis was determined by a terminal deoxyribonucleotide transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick-end labelling (TUNEL) assay. Cleaved caspase-3 expression was determined by Western blotting. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation was fluorometrically measured using 2', 7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate. NADPH oxidase (NOX) activity was determined by a lucigenin assay. RESULTS Vaspin significantly inhibited MGO-induced HUVEC death. Vaspin significantly attenuated MGO-increased TUNEL-positive ECs. Moreover, vaspin significantly inhibited MGO-induced caspase-3 cleavage. Vaspin significantly inhibited MGO-induced ROS generation as well as NOX activation. CONCLUSIONS The present results for the first time demonstrate that vaspin inhibits MGO-induced EC apoptosis by preventing caspase-3 activation via the inhibition of NOX-derived ROS generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Phalitakul
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology; School of Veterinary Medicine; Kitasato University; Aomori; Japan
| | - M. Okada
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology; School of Veterinary Medicine; Kitasato University; Aomori; Japan
| | - Y. Hara
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology; School of Veterinary Medicine; Kitasato University; Aomori; Japan
| | - H. Yamawaki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology; School of Veterinary Medicine; Kitasato University; Aomori; Japan
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Li W, Xu H, Hu Y, He P, Ni Z, Xu H, Zhang Z, Dai H. Edaravone protected human brain microvascular endothelial cells from methylglyoxal-induced injury by inhibiting AGEs/RAGE/oxidative stress. PLoS One 2013; 8:e76025. [PMID: 24098758 PMCID: PMC3786889 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0076025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2013] [Accepted: 08/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Subjects with diabetes experience an increased risk of cerebrovascular disease and stroke compared with nondiabetic age-matched individuals. Increased formation of reactive physiological dicarbonyl compound methylglyoxal (MGO) seems to be implicated in the development of diabetic vascular complication due to its protein glycation and oxidative stress effect. Edaravone, a novel radical scavenger, has been reported to display the advantageous effects on ischemic stroke both in animals and clinical trials; however, little is known about whether edaravone has protective effects on diabetic cerebrovascular injury. Using cultured human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMEC), protective effects of edaravone on MGO and MGO enhancing oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) induced injury were investigated. Cell injury was measured by 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) formation, cell account, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release and Rhodamine 123 staining. Advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) formation and receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) expression were measured by western blotting. Cellular oxidative stress was measured by reactive oxygen species (ROS) release. Treatment of MGO for 24 h significantly induced HBMEC injury, which was inhibited by pretreatment of edaravone from 10–100 µmol/l. What’s more, treatment of MGO enhanced AGEs accumulation, RAGE expression and ROS release in the cultured HBMEC, which were inhibited by 100 µmol/l edaravone. Finally, treatment of MGO for 24 h and then followed by 3 h OGD insult significantly enhanced cell injury when compared with OGD insult only, which was also protected by 100 µmol/l edaravone. Thus, edaravone protected HBMEC from MGO and MGO enhancing OGD-induced injury by inhibiting AGEs/RAGE/oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlu Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Chang WC, Shen SC, Wu JSB. Protective effects of vescalagin from pink wax apple [Syzygium samarangense (Blume) Merrill and Perry] fruit against methylglyoxal-induced inflammation and carbohydrate metabolic disorder in rats. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:7102-7109. [PMID: 23819528 DOI: 10.1021/jf4020284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The unbalance of glucose metabolism in humans may cause the excessive formation of methylglyoxal (MG), which can react with various biomolecules to form the precursor of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). Vescalagin (VES) is an ellagitannin that alleviates insulin resistance in cell study. Results showed that VES reduced the value of oral glucose tolerance test, cardiovascular risk index, AGEs, and tumor necrosis factor-α contents while increasing C-peptide and d-lactate contents significantly in rats orally administered MG and VES together. The preventive effect of VES on MG-induced inflammation and carbohydrate metabolic disorder in rats was thus proved. On the basis of the experiment data, a mechanism, which involves the increase in d-lactate to retard AGE formation and the decrease in cytokine release to prevent β-cell damage, is proposed to explain the bioactivities of VES in antiglycation and in the alleviation of MG-induced carbohydrate metabolic disorder in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Chang Chang
- Graduate Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University , Taipei, Taiwan
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Abstract
Methylglyoxal (MG) is a highly reactive compound derived mainly from glucose and fructose metabolism. This metabolite has been implicated in diabetic complications as it is a strong AGE precursor. Furthermore, recent studies suggested a role for MG in insulin resistance and beta-cell dysfunction. Although several drugs have been developed in the recent years to scavenge MG and inhibit AGE formation, we are still far from having an effective strategy to prevent MG-induced mechanisms. This review summarizes the mechanisms of MG formation, detoxification, and action. Furthermore, we review the current knowledge about its implication on the pathophysiology and complications of obesity and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Matafome
- Laboratory of Physiology, Institute of Biomedical Research on Light and Image (IBILI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
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34
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Hipkiss AR. Can the beneficial effects of methionine restriction in rats be explained in part by decreased methylglyoxal generation resulting from suppressed carbohydrate metabolism? Biogerontology 2012; 13:633-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s10522-012-9401-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2012] [Accepted: 09/12/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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