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Zou M, Xin B, Sun X, Lin R, Lu J, Qi J, Xie B, Cheng X. URA3 as a Selectable Marker for Disruption and Functional Assessment of PacC Gene in the Entomopathogenic Fungus Isaria javanica. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:jof9010092. [PMID: 36675913 PMCID: PMC9860623 DOI: 10.3390/jof9010092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
An effective selection marker is necessary for genetic engineering and functional genomics research in the post-genomic era. Isaria javanica is an important entomopathogenic fungus with a broad host range and prospective biocontrol potentials. Given that no antibiotic marker is available currently in this fungus, developing an effective selection marker is necessary. In this study, by applying overlap PCR and split-marker deletion strategy, combining PEG-mediated protoplasm transformation method, the uridine auxotrophy gene (ura3) in the I. javanica genome was knocked out. Then, using this transformation system, the pH response transcription factor gene (IjpacC) was disrupted successfully. Loss of IjpacC gene results in an obvious decrease in conidial production, but little impact on mycelial growth. The virulence of the ΔIjpacC mutant on caterpillars is similar to that of the wild-type strain. RT-qPCR detection shows that expression level of an acidic-expressed S53 gene (IF1G_06234) in ΔIjpacC mutant is more significantly upregulated than in the wild-type strain during the fungal infection on caterpillars. Our results indicate that a markerless transformation system based upon complementation of uridine auxotrophy is successfully developed in I. javanica, which is useful for exploring gene function and for genetic engineering to enhance biological control potential of the fungus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manling Zou
- College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Bei Xin
- College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xin Sun
- College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Runmao Lin
- College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Junru Lu
- College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jing Qi
- College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Bingyan Xie
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
- Correspondence: (B.X.); (X.C.); Tel.: +86-10-82109546 (B.X.); +86-10-58809696 (X.C.)
| | - Xinyue Cheng
- College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Beijing 100080, China
- Correspondence: (B.X.); (X.C.); Tel.: +86-10-82109546 (B.X.); +86-10-58809696 (X.C.)
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Chang L, Lu H, Chen H, Tang X, Zhao J, Zhang H, Chen YQ, Chen W. Lipid metabolism research in oleaginous fungus Mortierella alpina: Current progress and future prospects. Biotechnol Adv 2021; 54:107794. [PMID: 34245810 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2021.107794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The oleaginous fungus Mortierella alpina has distinct advantages in long-chain PUFAs production, and it is the only source for dietary arachidonic acid (ARA) certificated by FDA and European Commission. This review provides an overall introduction to M. alpina, including its major research methods, key factors governing lipid biosynthesis, metabolic engineering and omics studies. Currently, the research interests in M. alpina focus on improving lipid yield and fatty acid desaturation degree by enhancing fatty acid precursors and the reducing power NADPH, and genetic manipulation on PUFAs synthetic pathways is carried to optimise fatty acid composition. Besides, multi-omics studies have been applied to elucidate the global regulatory mechanism of lipogenesis in M. alpina. However, research challenges towards achieving a lipid cell factory lie in strain breeding and cost control due to the coenocytic mycelium, long fermentation period and insufficient conversion rate from carbon to lipid. We also proposed future research goals based on a multilevel regulating strategy: obtaining ideal chassis by directional evolution and high-throughput screening; rewiring central carbon metabolism and inhibiting competitive pathways by multi-gene manipulation system to enhance carbon to lipid conversion rate; optimisation of protein function based on post-translational modification; application of dynamic fermentation strategies suitable for different fermentation phases. By reviewing the comprehensive research progress of this oleaginous fungus, we aim to further comprehend the fungal lipid metabolism and provide reference information and guidelines for the exploration of microbial oils from the perspectives of fundamental research to industrial application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China.
| | - Hengqian Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China.
| | - Haiqin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China.
| | - Xin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China.
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China.
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China.
| | - Yong Q Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; Wuxi Translational Medicine Research Center, Jiangsu Translational Medicine Research Institute Wuxi Branch, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China.
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Mo BKH, Ando A, Nakatsuji R, Okuda T, Takemoto Y, Ikemoto H, Kikukawa H, Sakamoto T, Sakuradani E, Ogawa J. Characterization of ω3 fatty acid desaturases from oomycetes and their application toward eicosapentaenoic acid production in Mortierella alpina. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2021; 85:1252-1265. [PMID: 33728459 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbaa123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
ω3 Polyunsaturated fatty acids are currently obtained mainly from fisheries; thus, sustainable alternative sources such as oleaginous microorganisms are required. Here, we describe the isolation, characterization, and application of 3 novel ω3 desaturases with ω3 polyunsaturated fatty acid-producing activity at ordinary temperatures (28 °C). First, we selected Pythium sulcatum and Plectospira myriandra after screening for oomycetes with high eicosapentaenoic acid/arachidonic acid ratios and isolated the genes psulω3 and pmd17, respectively, which encode ω3 desaturases. Subsequent characterization showed that PSULω3 exhibited ω3 desaturase activity on both C18 and C20 ω6 polyunsaturated fatty acids while PMD17 exhibited ω3 desaturase activity exclusively on C20 ω6 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Expression of psulω3 and pmd17 in the arachidonic acid-producer Mortierella alpina resulted in transformants that produced eicosapentaenoic acid/total fatty acid values of 38% and 40%, respectively, at ordinary temperatures. These ω3 desaturases should facilitate the construction of sustainable ω3 polyunsaturated fatty acid sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian K H Mo
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akinori Ando
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Research Unit for Physiological Chemistry, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ryohei Nakatsuji
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomoyo Okuda
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuki Takemoto
- Health Care Research Center, Nisshin Pharma Inc., Saitama, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ikemoto
- Health Care Research Center, Nisshin Pharma Inc., Saitama, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kikukawa
- Department of Environmental and Life Sciences, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Takaiku Sakamoto
- Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Eiji Sakuradani
- Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Jun Ogawa
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Research Unit for Physiological Chemistry, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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Zhang H, Cui Q, Song X. Research advances on arachidonic acid production by fermentation and genetic modification of Mortierella alpina. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 37:4. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-020-02984-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Shinkawa S, Mitsuzawa S. Feasibility study of on-site solid-state enzyme production by Aspergillus oryzae. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2020; 13:31. [PMID: 32127918 PMCID: PMC7045521 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-020-1669-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The development of biorefinery systems that use lignocellulosic biomass as a renewable carbon source to produce fuels and chemicals is attracting increasing attention. The process cost of enzymatic saccharification of biomass is a major challenge for commercialization. To decrease this cost, researchers have proposed on-site solid-state fermentation (SSF). This study investigated the feasibility of using Aspergillus oryzae as a host microorganism for SSF recombinant enzyme production with ammonia-treated rice straw as model biomass. Eight A. oryzae strains were tested, all of which are used in the food industry. We evaluated the effects of acetic acid, a fermentation inhibitor. We also developed a platform strain for targeted recombinant enzyme production by gene engineering technologies. RESULTS The SSF validation test showed variation in the visibility of mycelium growth and secreted protein in all eight A. oryzae strains. The strains used to produce shoyu and miso grew better under test conditions. The ammonia-treated rice straw contained noticeable amounts of acetic acid. This acetic acid enhanced the protein production by A. oryzae in a liquid-state fermentation test. The newly developed platform strain successfully secreted three foreign saccharifying enzymes. CONCLUSIONS A. oryzae is a promising candidate as a host microorganism for on-site SSF recombinant enzyme production, which bodes well for the future development of a more cost-efficient saccharifying enzyme production system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Shinkawa
- Fundamental Technology Center, Honda R&D Co., Ltd., 1-4-1 Chuo, Wako-shi, Saitama, 351-0113 Japan
- Present Address: Honda Research Institute Japan Co., Ltd., 8-1 Honcho, Wako-shi, Saitama, 351-0188 Japan
| | - Shigenobu Mitsuzawa
- Fundamental Technology Center, Honda R&D Co., Ltd., 1-4-1 Chuo, Wako-shi, Saitama, 351-0113 Japan
- Present Address: Honda Research Institute Japan Co., Ltd., 8-1 Honcho, Wako-shi, Saitama, 351-0188 Japan
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6
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Farida Asras MF, Shimada Y, Nagano H, Munesato K, Takeuchi M, Takemura M, Ando A, Ogawa J. Production of prostaglandin F2α by molecular breeding of an oleaginous fungus Mortierella alpina. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2019; 83:774-780. [DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2018.1562880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Cyclooxygenases are responsible for the production of prostaglandin H2 (PGH2) from arachidonic acid. PGH2 can be converted into some bioactive prostaglandins, including prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α), a potent chemical messenger used as a biological regulator in the fields of obstetrics and gynecology. The chemical messenger PGF2α has been industrially produced by chemical synthesis. To develop a biotechnological process, in which PGF2α can be produced by a microorganism, we transformed an oleaginous fungus, Mortierella alpina 1S-4, rich in triacylglycerol consisting of arachidonic acid using a cyclooxygenase gene from a red alga, Gracilaria vermiculophylla. PGF2α was accumulated not only in the mycelia of the transformants but also in the extracellular medium. After 12 days of cultivation approximately 860 ng/g and 6421 µg/L of PGF2α were accumulated in mycelia and the extracellular medium, respectively. The results could facilitate the development of novel fermentative methods for the production of prostanoids using an oleaginous fungus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Fazli Farida Asras
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Shimada
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hideaki Nagano
- Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kei Munesato
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Michiki Takeuchi
- Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Miho Takemura
- Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology, Ishikawa Prefectural University, Nonoichi, Japan
| | - Akinori Ando
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Research Unit for the Physiological Chemistry, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Jun Ogawa
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Research Unit for the Physiological Chemistry, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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7
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Kikukawa H, Sakuradani E, Ando A, Shimizu S, Ogawa J. Arachidonic acid production by the oleaginous fungus Mortierella alpina 1S-4: A review. J Adv Res 2018; 11:15-22. [PMID: 30034872 PMCID: PMC6052653 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 02/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The filamentous fungus Mortierella alpina 1S-4 is capable of accumulating a large amount of triacylglycerol containing C20 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Indeed, triacylglycerol production by M. alpina 1S-4 can reach 20 g/L of culture broth, and the critical cellular signaling and structural PUFA arachidonic acid (ARA) comprises 30%–70% of the total fatty acid. The demonstrated health benefits of functional PUFAs have in turn encouraged the search for rich sources of these compounds, including fungal strains showing enhanced production of specific PUFAs. Screening for mutants and targeted gene manipulation of M. alpina 1S-4 have elucidated the functions of various enzymes involved in PUFA biosynthesis and established lines with improved PUFA productivity. In some cases, these strains have been used for indistrial-scale production of PUFAs, including ARA. In this review, we described practical ARA production through mutant breeding, functional analyses of genes encoding enzymes involved in PUFA biosynthesis, and recent advances in the production of specific PUFAs through molecular breeding of M. alpina 1S-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Kikukawa
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Eiji Sakuradani
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
- Institute of Technology and Science, The University of Tokushima, 2-1 Minami-josanjima, Tokushima 770-8506, Japan
| | - Akinori Ando
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Sakayu Shimizu
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioenvironmental Science, Kyoto Gakuen University, 1-1 Nanjo, Sogabe, Kameoka 621-8555, Japan
| | - Jun Ogawa
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
- Corresponding author.
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Kikukawa H, Sakuradani E, Ando A, Okuda T, Shimizu S, Ogawa J. Microbial production of dihomo-γ-linolenic acid by Δ5-desaturase gene-disruptants of Mortierella alpina 1S-4. J Biosci Bioeng 2016; 122:22-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2015.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Revised: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Metabolic Engineering of Mortierella alpina for Enhanced Arachidonic Acid Production through the NADPH-Supplying Strategy. Appl Environ Microbiol 2016; 82:3280-3288. [PMID: 27016571 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00572-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED NADPH is known to be a key cofactor required for fatty acid synthesis and desaturation. Various enzymatic reactions can generate NADPH. To determine the effect of NADPH sources on lipogenesis, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (PGD), isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH), and malic enzyme (ME) were overexpressed in Mortierella alpina Our results showed that G6PD2 had the most significant effect on fatty acid synthesis, with a 1.7-fold increase in total fatty acid, whereas ME2 was more effective in desaturation, with a 1.5-fold increase in arachidonic acid (AA) content over control. Co-overexpression of G6PD2 and ME2 improved both fatty acid synthesis and desaturation. Within 96 h of fermentation using the fed-batch method, the co-overexpressing strain accumulated AA at a productivity of 1.9 ± 0.2 g/(liter · day), which was 7.2-fold higher than that in the M. alpina control that was cultured in a flask. IMPORTANCE This study proved that the pentose phosphate pathway is the major NADPH contributor during fatty acid synthesis in M. alpina The NADPH sources may be differently responsible for fatty acid synthesis or desaturation. Co-overexpression of G6PD2 and ME2 significantly increases AA production.
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Villarino M, De Cal A, Melgarejo P, Larena I, Espeso EA. The development of genetic and molecular markers to register and commercialize Penicillium rubens (formerly Penicillium oxalicum) strain 212 as a biocontrol agent. Microb Biotechnol 2016; 9:89-99. [PMID: 26467970 PMCID: PMC4720407 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.12325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Revised: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Penicillium oxalicum strain 212 (PO212) is an effective biocontrol agent (BCA) against a large number of economically important fungal plant pathogens. For successful registration as a BCA in Europe, PO212 must be accurately identified. In this report, we describe the use of classical genetic and molecular markers to characterize and identify PO212 in order to understand its ecological role in the environment or host. We successfully generated pyrimidine (pyr-) auxotrophic mutants. In addition we also designed specific oligonucleotides for the pyrF gene at their untranslated regions for rapid and reliable identification and classification of strains of P. oxalicum and P. rubens, formerly P. chrysogenum. Using these DNA-based technologies, we found that PO212 is a strain of P. rubens, and is not a strain of P. oxalicum. This work presents PO212 as the unique P. rubens strain to be described as a BCA and the information contained here serves for its registration and commercialization in Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Villarino
- SGIT-INIA, Departamento de Protección Vegetal, Madrid, Spain
- CIB-CSIC, Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Eduardo A Espeso
- CIB-CSIC, Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Madrid, Spain
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Omega-3 eicosatetraenoic acid production by molecular breeding of the mutant strain S14 derived from Mortierella alpina 1S-4. J Biosci Bioeng 2015; 120:299-304. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2015.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Revised: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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12
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Okuda T, Ando A, Negoro H, Muratsubaki T, Kikukawa H, Sakamoto T, Sakuradani E, Shimizu S, Ogawa J. Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) production by an oleaginous fungusMortierella alpinaexpressing heterologous the Δ17-desaturase gene under ordinary temperature. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201400657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyo Okuda
- Division of Applied Life Science; Graduate School of Agriculture; Kyoto University; Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho; Sakyo-ku Kyoto Japan
| | - Akinori Ando
- Division of Applied Life Science; Graduate School of Agriculture; Kyoto University; Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho; Sakyo-ku Kyoto Japan
- Research Unit for the Physiological Chemistry; Kyoto University; Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho; Sakyo-ku Kyoto Japan
| | - Hiroaki Negoro
- Division of Applied Life Science; Graduate School of Agriculture; Kyoto University; Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho; Sakyo-ku Kyoto Japan
| | - Tatsuya Muratsubaki
- Division of Applied Life Science; Graduate School of Agriculture; Kyoto University; Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho; Sakyo-ku Kyoto Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kikukawa
- Division of Applied Life Science; Graduate School of Agriculture; Kyoto University; Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho; Sakyo-ku Kyoto Japan
| | - Takaiku Sakamoto
- Division of Applied Life Science; Graduate School of Agriculture; Kyoto University; Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho; Sakyo-ku Kyoto Japan
| | - Eiji Sakuradani
- Division of Applied Life Science; Graduate School of Agriculture; Kyoto University; Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho; Sakyo-ku Kyoto Japan
- Institute of Technology and Science; The University of Tokushima; Tokushima Japan
| | - Sakayu Shimizu
- Division of Applied Life Science; Graduate School of Agriculture; Kyoto University; Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho; Sakyo-ku Kyoto Japan
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology; Faculty of Bioenvironmental Science; Kyoto Gakuen University; Sogabe-cho; Kameoka Kyoto Japan
| | - Jun Ogawa
- Division of Applied Life Science; Graduate School of Agriculture; Kyoto University; Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho; Sakyo-ku Kyoto Japan
- Research Unit for the Physiological Chemistry; Kyoto University; Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho; Sakyo-ku Kyoto Japan
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13
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Kikukawa H, Sakuradani E, Ando A, Okuda T, Ochiai M, Shimizu S, Ogawa J. Disruption of lig4 improves gene targeting efficiency in the oleaginous fungus Mortierella alpina 1S-4. J Biotechnol 2015; 208:63-9. [PMID: 26052021 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2015.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Revised: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The oil-producing zygomycete Mortierella alpina 1S-4 is known to accumulate beneficial polyunsaturated fatty acids. We identified the lig4 gene that encodes for a DNA ligase 4 homolog, which functions to repair double strand breaks by non-homologous end joining. We disrupted the lig4 gene to improve the gene targeting efficiency in M. alpina. The M. alpina 1S-4 Δlig4 strains showed no defect in vegetative growth, formation of spores, and fatty acid production, but exhibited high sensitivity to methyl methansulfonate, an agent that causes DNA double-strand breaks. Importantly, gene replacement of ura5 marker by CBXB marker occurred in 67% of Δlig4 strains and the gene targeting efficiency was 21-fold greater than that observed in disruption of the lig4 gene in the M. alpina 1S-4 host strain. Further metabolic engineering of the Δlig4 strains is expected to result in strains that produce higher levels of rare and beneficial polyunsaturated fatty acids and contribute to basic research on the zygomycete.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Kikukawa
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Eiji Sakuradani
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan; Institute of Technology and Science, Tokushima University, 2-1 Minami-Josanjima, Tokushima 770-8506, Japan
| | - Akinori Ando
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan; Research Unit for Physiological Chemistry, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Tomoyo Okuda
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Misa Ochiai
- Research Institute, Suntory Global Innovation Center Ltd., 1-1-1 Wakayamadai, Shimamoto-cho, Mishima-gun, Osaka 618-8503, Japan
| | - Sakayu Shimizu
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan; Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioenvironmental Science, Kyoto Gakuen University, 1-1 Nanjo, Sogabe, Kameoka 621-8555, Japan
| | - Jun Ogawa
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan; Research Unit for Physiological Chemistry, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
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14
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Kikukawa H, Sakuradani E, Nakatani M, Ando A, Okuda T, Sakamoto T, Ochiai M, Shimizu S, Ogawa J. Gene targeting in the oil-producing fungus Mortierella alpina 1S-4 and construction of a strain producing a valuable polyunsaturated fatty acid. Curr Genet 2015; 61:579-89. [PMID: 25782448 DOI: 10.1007/s00294-015-0481-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Revised: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
To develop an efficient gene-targeting system in Mortierella alpina 1S-4, we identified the ku80 gene encoding the Ku80 protein, which is involved in the nonhomologous end-joining pathway in genomic double-strand break (DSB) repair, and constructed ku80 gene-disrupted strains via single-crossover homologous recombination. The Δku80 strain from M. alpina 1S-4 showed no negative effects on vegetative growth, formation of spores, and fatty acid productivity, and exhibited high sensitivity to methyl methanesulfonate, which causes DSBs. Dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DGLA)-producing strains were constructed by disruption of the Δ5-desaturase gene, encoding a key enzyme of bioconversion of DGLA to ARA, using the Δku80 strain as a host strain. The significant improvement of gene-targeting efficiency was not observed by disruption of the ku80 gene, but the construction of DGLA-producing strain by disruption of the Δ5-desaturase gene was succeeded using the Δku80 strain as a host strain. This report describes the first study on the identification and disruption of the ku80 gene in zygomycetes and construction of a DGLA-producing transformant using a gene-targeting system in M. alpina 1S-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Kikukawa
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Eiji Sakuradani
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
- Institute of Technology and Science, Tokushima University, 2-1 Minami-josanjima, Tokushima, 770-8506, Japan
| | - Masato Nakatani
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Akinori Ando
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
- Research Unit for Physiological Chemistry, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Tomoyo Okuda
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Takaiku Sakamoto
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Misa Ochiai
- Research Institute, Suntory Global Innovation Center Ltd., 1-1-1 Wakayamadai, Shimamoto-cho, Mishima-gun, Osaka, 618-8503, Japan
| | - Sakayu Shimizu
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioenvironmental Science, Kyoto Gakuen University, 1-1 Nanjo, Sogabe, Kameoka, 621-8555, Japan
| | - Jun Ogawa
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan.
- Research Unit for Physiological Chemistry, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan.
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15
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Transformation of Zygomycete Mortierella alpina Using Biolistic Particle Bombardment. Fungal Biol 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-10142-2_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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16
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Development of a genetic system for a model manganese-oxidizing proteobacterium, Leptothrix discophora SS1. Microbiology (Reading) 2014; 160:2396-2405. [DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.079459-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the molecular underpinnings of manganese oxidation in Leptothrix discophora SS1 has been hampered by the lack of a genetic system. In this report, we describe the development of a genetic system for L. discophora SS1. The antibiotic sensitivity was characterized, and a procedure for transformation with exogenous DNA via conjugation was developed and optimized, resulting in a maximum transfer frequency of 5.2×10−1 and a typical transfer frequency of the order of 1×10−3 transconjugants per donor. Genetic manipulation of L. discophora SS1 was demonstrated by disrupting pyrF via chromosomal integration with a plasmid containing a R6Kγ origin of replication through homologous recombination. This resulted in resistance to 5-fluoroorotidine, which was abolished by complementation with an ectopically expressed copy of pyrF cloned into pBBR1MCS. This system is expected to be amenable to a systematic genetic analysis of L. discophora SS1, including those genes responsible for manganese oxidation.
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17
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Du Y, Xie G, Yang C, Fang B, Chen H. Construction of brewing-wine Aspergillus oryzae pyrG- mutant by pyrG gene deletion and its application in homology transformation. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2014; 46:477-83. [PMID: 24742431 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmu022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
pyrG(-) host cells are indispensable for pyrG(-) based transformation system. Isolations of pyrG(-) host cells by random mutations are limited by time-consuming, unclear genetic background and potential interferences of homogenous recombination. The purpose of this study was to construct brewing-wine Aspergillus oryzae pyrG(-) mutant by site-directed mutation of pyrG gene deletion which would be used as a host for further transformation. pMD-pyrGAB, a vector carrying pyrG deletion cassette, was used to construct pyrG(-) mutant of A. oryzae. Three stable pyrG deletion mutants of A. oryzae were isolated by resistant to 5-fluoroorotic acid and confirmed by polymerase chain reaction analysis, indicating that pyrG was completely excised. The ΔpyrG mutants were applied as pyrG(-) host cells to disrupt xdh gene encoding xylitol dehydrogenase, which involves in xylitol production of A. oryzae. The xdh disruption mutants were efficiently constructed by transforming a pMD-pyrG-xdh disruption plasmid carrying pyrG, and the produced xylitol concentration of the Δxdh mutant was three times as much as that of the ΔpyrG recipient. Site-directed pyrG gene deletion is thus an effective way for the isolation of pyrG(-) host cells, and the established host-vector system could be applied in further functional genomics analysis and molecular breeding of A. oryzae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Du
- Department of Bioengineering & Biotechnology, College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Guizhen Xie
- Department of Bioengineering & Biotechnology, College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Chunfa Yang
- Department of Bioengineering & Biotechnology, College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Baishan Fang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Hongwen Chen
- Department of Bioengineering & Biotechnology, College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China
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18
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Hao G, Chen H, Du K, Huang X, Song Y, Gu Z, Wang L, Zhang H, Chen W, Chen YQ. Increased fatty acid unsaturation and production of arachidonic acid by homologous over-expression of the mitochondrial malic enzyme in Mortierella alpina. Biotechnol Lett 2014; 36:1827-34. [PMID: 24863290 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-014-1546-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Malic enzyme (ME) catalyses the oxidative decarboxylation of L-malate to pyruvate and provides NADPH for intracellular metabolism, such as fatty acid synthesis. Here, the mitochondrial ME (mME) gene from Mortierella alpina was homologously over-expressed. Compared with controls, fungal arachidonic acid (ARA; 20:4 n-6) content increased by 60 % without affecting the total fatty acid content. Our results suggest that enhancing mME activity may be an effective mean to increase industrial production of ARA in M. alpina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangfei Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China
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19
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Okuda T, Ando A, Sakuradani E, Kikukawa H, Kamada N, Ochiai M, Shima J, Ogawa J. Selection and characterization of promoters based on genomic approach for the molecular breeding of oleaginous fungus Mortierella alpina 1S-4. Curr Genet 2014; 60:183-91. [PMID: 24562865 DOI: 10.1007/s00294-014-0423-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Revised: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
To express a foreign gene effectively, a good expression system is required. In this study, we investigated various promoters as useful tools for gene manipulation in oleaginous fungus Mortierella alpina 1S-4. We selected and cloned the promoter regions of 28 genes in M. alpina 1S-4 on the basis of expression sequence tag abundance data. The activity of each promoter was evaluated using the β-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene. Eight of these promoters were shown to enhance GUS expression more efficiently than a histone promoter, which is conventionally used for the gene manipulation in M. alpina. Especially, the predicted protein 3 and the predicted protein 6 promoters demonstrated approximately fivefold higher activity than the histone promoter. The activity of some promoters changed along with the cultivation phase of M. alpina 1S-4. Seven promoters with constitutive or time-dependent, high-level expression activity were selected, and deletion analysis was carried out to determine the promoter regions required to retain activity. This is the first report of comprehensive promoter analysis based on a genomic approach for M. alpina. The promoters described here will be useful tools for gene manipulation in this strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyo Okuda
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8052, Japan
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20
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Characterization of galactose-dependent promoters from an oleaginous fungus Mortierella alpina 1S-4. Curr Genet 2014; 60:175-82. [DOI: 10.1007/s00294-014-0422-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Revised: 01/31/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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21
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Role of malic enzyme during fatty acid synthesis in the oleaginous fungus Mortierella alpina. Appl Environ Microbiol 2014; 80:2672-8. [PMID: 24532075 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00140-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The generation of NADPH by malic enzyme (ME) was postulated to be a rate-limiting step during fatty acid synthesis in oleaginous fungi, based primarily on the results from research focusing on ME in Mucor circinelloides. This hypothesis is challenged by a recent study showing that leucine metabolism, rather than ME, is critical for fatty acid synthesis in M. circinelloides. To clarify this, the gene encoding ME isoform E from Mortierella alpina was homologously expressed. ME overexpression increased the fatty acid content by 30% compared to that for a control. Our results suggest that ME may not be the sole rate-limiting enzyme, but does play a role, during fatty acid synthesis in oleaginous fungi.
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22
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Sakuradani E, Ando A, Shimizu S, Ogawa J. Metabolic engineering for the production of polyunsaturated fatty acids by oleaginous fungus Mortierella alpina 1S-4. J Biosci Bioeng 2013; 116:417-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2013.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2013] [Revised: 04/02/2013] [Accepted: 04/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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23
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Ji XJ, Ren LJ, Nie ZK, Huang H, Ouyang PK. Fungal arachidonic acid-rich oil: research, development and industrialization. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2013; 34:197-214. [PMID: 23631634 DOI: 10.3109/07388551.2013.778229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Fungal arachidonic acid (ARA)-rich oil is an important microbial oil that affects diverse physiological processes that impact normal health and chronic disease. In this article, the historic developments and technological achievements in fungal ARA-rich oil production in the past several years are reviewed. The biochemistry of ARA, ARA-rich oil synthesis and the accumulation mechanism are first introduced. Subsequently, the fermentation and downstream technologies are summarized. Furthermore, progress in the industrial production of ARA-rich oil is discussed. Finally, guidelines for future studies of fungal ARA-rich oil production are proposed in light of the current progress, challenges and trends in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jun Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing University of Technology , Nanjing , People's Republic of China
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24
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Use of uridine auxotrophy (ura3) for markerless transformation of the mycoinsecticide Beauveria bassiana. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 97:3017-25. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-012-4426-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2012] [Revised: 08/31/2012] [Accepted: 09/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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25
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Sakuradani E, Ando A, Ogawa J, Shimizu S. Improved production of various polyunsaturated fatty acids through filamentous fungus Mortierella alpina breeding. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2009; 84:1-10. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-009-2076-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2009] [Revised: 06/03/2009] [Accepted: 06/03/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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26
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Ando A, Sakuradani E, Horinaka K, Ogawa J, Shimizu S. Transformation of an oleaginous zygomycete Mortierella alpina 1S-4 with the carboxin resistance gene conferred by mutation of the iron–sulfur subunit of succinate dehydrogenase. Curr Genet 2009; 55:349-56. [DOI: 10.1007/s00294-009-0250-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2009] [Revised: 04/27/2009] [Accepted: 05/05/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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27
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Single cell oil production by Mortierella alpina. J Biotechnol 2009; 144:31-6. [PMID: 19409938 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2009.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2009] [Revised: 04/01/2009] [Accepted: 04/20/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A filamentous fungus, Mortierella alpina 1S-4, was obtained, through extensive screening, as an potential producer of triacylglycerol containing C20 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) such as arachidonic acid. With this discovery as a starting point, we conducted employing methods from metabolic engineering and molecular biology for controlling cultures and breeding mutant strains. These parental and mutant strains are now used for large-scale production of a variety of PUFAs.
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28
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Lounds C, Eagles J, Carter AT, MacKenzie DA, Archer DB. Spore germination in Mortierella alpina is associated with a transient depletion of arachidonic acid and induction of fatty acid desaturase gene expression. Arch Microbiol 2007; 188:299-305. [PMID: 17492269 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-007-0248-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2006] [Revised: 03/19/2007] [Accepted: 04/10/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Mortierella alpina is an oleaginous filamentous fungus whose vegetative mycelium is known to accumulate triglyceride oil containing large amounts of arachidonic acid (ARA 20:4, n - 6). We report that the spores of Mortierella alpina also contain a large proportion of ARA, comprising 50% of total fatty acid. Fatty acid desaturase genes were not expressed in dormant spores but were induced during germination, following a significant drop in the level of ARA (down from 50% of total fatty acid to 12%) prior to germ-tube emergence. We propose that ARA serves as a reserve supply of carbon and energy that is utilised during the early stages of spore germination in Mortierella alpina.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Lounds
- School of Biology, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, UK
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29
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Zhang S, Sakuradani E, Shimizu S. Identification of a sterol Delta7 reductase gene involved in desmosterol biosynthesis in Mortierella alpina 1S-4. Appl Environ Microbiol 2007; 73:1736-41. [PMID: 17220261 PMCID: PMC1828827 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02425-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2006] [Accepted: 01/01/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular cloning of the gene encoding sterol Delta7 reductase from the filamentous fungus Mortierella alpina 1S-4, which accumulates cholesta-5,24-dienol (desmosterol) as the main sterol, revealed that the open reading frame of this gene, designated MoDelta7SR, consists of 1,404 bp and codes for 468 amino acids with a molecular weight of 53,965. The predicted amino acid sequence of MoDelta7SR showed highest homology of 51% with that of sterol Delta7 reductase (EC 1.3.1.21) from Xenopus laevis (African clawed frog). Heterologous expression of the MoDelta7SR gene in yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae revealed that MoDelta7SR converts ergosta-5,7-dienol to ergosta-5-enol (campesterol) by the activity of Delta7 reductase. In addition, with gene silencing of MoDelta7SR gene by RNA interference, the transformant accumulated cholesta-5,7,24-trienol up to 10% of the total sterols with a decrease in desmosterol. Cholesta-5,7,24-trienol is not detected in the control strain. This indicates that MoDelta7SR is involved in desmosterol biosynthesis in M. alpina 1S-4. This study is the first report on characterization of sterol Delta7 reductase from a microorganism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Zhang
- Division of Applied Life of Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
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30
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Zhang S, Sakuradani E, Ito K, Shimizu S. Identification of a novel bifunctional Δ12/Δ15 fatty acid desaturase from a basidiomycete,Coprinus cinereusTD#822-2. FEBS Lett 2007; 581:315-9. [PMID: 17208234 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2006.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2006] [Accepted: 12/14/2006] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A new gene encoding a delta12 fatty acid desaturase-related protein was cloned from a multicellular basidiomycete Coprinus cinereus TD#822-2. The 1326 bp full-length gene, designated as Cop-odeA, codes for a putative protein of 442 amino acids with a MW of 49224. The Cop-odeA yeast transformant accumulated four new fatty acids identified as 9,12-hexadecadienoic acid, 9,12,15-hexadecatrienoic acid, linoleic acid, and alpha-linolenic acid, which comprised 8.8%, 1.0%, 29.0%, and 0.6% of the total fatty acids, respectively. The Cop-odeA protein was confirmed to be a novel bifunctional fatty acid desaturase with both high delta12 desaturase activity and unusual delta15 desaturase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Zhang
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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31
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Takeno S, Sakuradani E, Tomi A, Inohara-Ochiai M, Kawashima H, Shimizu S. Transformation of oil-producing fungus, Mortierella alpina 1S-4, using Zeocin, and application to arachidonic acid production. J Biosci Bioeng 2006; 100:617-22. [PMID: 16473770 DOI: 10.1263/jbb.100.617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2005] [Accepted: 08/16/2005] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The arachidonic acid-producing fungus Mortierella alpina 1S-4, an industrial strain, was endowed with Zeocin resistance by integration of the Zeocin-resistance gene at the rDNA locus of genomic DNA. Plasmid DNA was introduced into spores by microprojectile bombardment. Twenty mg/ml Zeocin completely inhibited the germination of M. alpina 1S-4 spores, and decreased the growth rate of fungal filaments to some extent. It was suggested that preincubation period and temperature had a great influence on transformation efficiency. Four out of 26 isolated transformants were selected. Molecular analysis of these stable transformants showed that the plasmid DNA was integrated into the rDNA locus of the genomic DNA. We expect that this system will be applied for useful oil production by gene manipulation of M. alpina 1S-4 and its derivative mutants. On the basis of the fundamental transformation system, we also tried to overexpress a homologous polyunsaturated fatty acid elongase gene, which has been reported to be included in the rate-limiting step for arachidonic acid production, thereby leading to increased arachidonic acid production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiki Takeno
- Laboratory of Fermentation Physiology and Applied Microbiology, Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Japan
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32
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Takeno S, Sakuradani E, Tomi A, Inohara-Ochiai M, Kawashima H, Ashikari T, Shimizu S. Improvement of the fatty acid composition of an oil-producing filamentous fungus, Mortierella alpina 1S-4, through RNA interference with delta12-desaturase gene expression. Appl Environ Microbiol 2005; 71:5124-8. [PMID: 16151095 PMCID: PMC1214649 DOI: 10.1128/aem.71.9.5124-5128.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2004] [Accepted: 04/06/2005] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
An oleaginous fungus, Mortierella alpina 1S-4, is used commercially for arachidonic acid production. Delta12-Desaturase, which desaturates oleic acid (18:1n-9) to linoleic acid (18:2n-6), is a key enzyme in the arachidonic acid biosynthetic pathway. To determine if RNA interference (RNAi) by double-stranded RNA occurs in M. alpina 1S-4, we silenced the Delta12-desaturase gene. The silenced strains accumulate 18:2n-9, 20:2n-9, and Mead acid (20:3n-9), which are not detected in either the control strain or wild type strain 1S-4. The fatty acid composition of stable transformants was similar to that of Delta12-desaturation-defective mutants previously identified. Thus, RNAi occurs in M. alpina and could be used to alter the types and relative amounts of fatty acids produced by commercial strains of this fungus without mutagenesis or other permanent changes in the genetic background of the producing strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiki Takeno
- Laboratory of Fermentation Physiology and Applied Microbiology, Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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33
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Takeno S, Sakuradani E, Murata S, Inohara-Ochiai M, Kawashima H, Ashikari T, Shimizu S. Molecular evidence that the rate-limiting step for the biosynthesis of arachidonic acid in Mortierella alpina is at the level of an elongase. Lipids 2005; 40:25-30. [PMID: 15825827 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-005-1356-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The oil-producing fungus Mortierella alpina 1S-4 is an industrial strain for arachidonic acid (AA) production. To determine its physiological properties and to clarify the biosynthetic pathways for PUFA, heterologous and homologous gene expression systems were established in this fungus. The first trial was performed with an enhanced green fluorescent protein gene to assess the transformation efficiency for heterologous gene expression. As a result, strong fluorescence was observed in the spores of the obtained transformant, suggesting that the foreign gene was inherited by the spores. The next trial was performed with a homologous PUFA elongase (GLELOp) gene, this enzyme having been reported to catalyze the elongation of GLA (18:3n-6) to dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid (20:3n-6), and to be the rate-limiting step of AA production. The FA composition of the transformant was different from that of the host strain: The GLA content was decreased whereas that of AA was increased. These data support the hypothesis that the GLELOp enzyme plays an important role in PUFA synthesis, and may indicate how to control PUFA biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiki Takeno
- Laboratory of Fermentation Physiology and Applied Microbiology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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Takeno S, Sakuradani E, Murata S, Inohara-Ochiai M, Kawashima H, Ashikari T, Shimizu S. Establishment of an overall transformation system for an oil-producing filamentous fungus, Mortierella alpina 1S-4. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2004; 65:419-25. [PMID: 15138730 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-004-1622-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2004] [Revised: 03/15/2004] [Accepted: 03/25/2004] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Oil-producing fungus Mortierella alpina 1S-4 is an industrial strain. To determine its physiological properties and to clarify the biosynthetic pathways for polyunsaturated fatty acids, a transformation system for this fungus was established using a derivative of it, i.e., a ura5- mutant lacking orotate phosphoribosyl transferase (OPRTase, EC.2.4.2.10) activity. Transformation with a vector containing the homologous ura5 gene as a marker was successfully performed using microprojectile bombardment, other methods frequently used for transformation, such as the protoplasting, lithium acetate, or electroporation methods, not giving satisfactory results. As a result, two types of transformants were obtained: a few stable transformants overexpressing the ura5 gene, and many unstable transformants showing OPRTase activity comparable to that of the wild-type strain. The results of quantitative PCR indicated that the stable transformants could retain the ura5 genes originating from the transformation vector regardless of the culture conditions. On the other hand, unstable transformants easily lost the marker gene under uracil-containing conditions, as expected. In this paper, we report that an overall transformation system for this fungus was successfully established, and propose how to select useful transformants as experimental and industrial strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiki Takeno
- Laboratory of Fermentation Physiology and Applied Microbiology, Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, 606-8502, Kyoto, Japan
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