1
|
Iwegbue CMA, Afolabi OL, Ogwu IF, Nwajei GE, Martincigh BS. Safety evaluation of organochlorine pesticides and polybrominated diphenyl ethers in imported canned fish in Nigeria. Food Chem Toxicol 2024; 189:114676. [PMID: 38641043 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2024.114676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Organochlorine pesticide (OCP) and polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) concentrations were measured in thirty popular brands of imported canned fish (mackerel, sardines, and tuna) in Nigeria to ascertain potential threats to humans arising from their consumption. The Σ20 OCP concentrations in mackerel ranged from 0.47 to 7.36 ng g-1, while those of tuna and sardines varied from 1.06 to 2.19 and 0.11 to 12.7 ng g-1, respectively. The Σ39 PBDE concentrations in mackerel varied from 0.06 to 4.21 ng g-1, while those of tuna and sardines ranged from 0.19 to 3.18 and 0.04 to 8.26 ng g-1, respectively. The estimated daily intake (EDI) of OCPs and PBDEs from ingestion of the canned fish by adults and children were in the magnitude of 0.03 to 17.6 ng kg-1 bw day-1 and 9.9 × 10-3 to 11.5 ng kg-1 bw day-1 respectively. The hazard index (HI) and total cancer risk (TCR) values for OCPs and PBDEs from ingestion of the canned fish were less than 1 and 10-6, respectively. The dietary intakes of OCPs and PBDEs from these brands of canned fish by adults and children result in no adverse non-cancer and cancer risks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Obehi L Afolabi
- Department of Chemistry, Delta State University, P.M.B. 1, Abraka, Nigeria
| | - Ijeoma F Ogwu
- Department of Chemistry, Delta State University, P.M.B. 1, Abraka, Nigeria
| | - Godwin E Nwajei
- Department of Chemistry, Delta State University, P.M.B. 1, Abraka, Nigeria
| | - Bice S Martincigh
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Private Bag X54001, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mao H, Lin T, Huang S, Xie Z, Jin S, Shen X, Jin Y, Ding Y. The impact of brominated flame retardants (BFRs) on pulmonary function in US adults: a cross-sectional study based on NHANES (2007-2012). Sci Rep 2024; 14:6486. [PMID: 38499858 PMCID: PMC10948772 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57302-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Brominated flame retardants (BFRs) are a group of chemicals widely used in various applications to prevent or slow down the spread of fire. However, they have adverse effects on human health. There is a relative scarcity of population-based studies regarding BFRs, particularly their impact on the respiratory system. This study aimed to investigate the influence of BFRs on pulmonary function using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The study found that elevated serum concentrations of certain BFRs were associated with pulmonary ventilatory dysfunction. Adjusted analyses revealed positive correlations between PBDE47, PBDE183, and PBDE209 concentrations and ventilatory dysfunction. The analysis of mixed BFRs showed a positive relationship with pulmonary ventilation dysfunction, with PBDE47 making the most significant contribution. Our study demonstrates that both individual and combined BFRs exposure can lead to impaired pulmonary ventilation function. These findings provide evidence of the adverse effects of BFRs on lung function, emphasizing the importance of further investigating the potential health consequences of these compounds. Further large-scale longitudinal studies are needed to investigate this relationship in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Mao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo, 315100, China
| | - Tong Lin
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo, 315100, China
| | - Shanshan Huang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo, 315100, China
| | - Zhenye Xie
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo, 315100, China
| | - Shaofeng Jin
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo, 315100, China
| | - Xingkai Shen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo, 315100, China
| | - Yuhong Jin
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo, 315100, China.
| | - Yi Ding
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo, 315100, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Martinez G, Zhu J, Takser L, Baccarelli AA, Bellenger JP. Indoor environment, physiological factors, and diet as predictors of halogenated flame retardant levels in stool and plasma of children from a Canadian cohort. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 352:141443. [PMID: 38346512 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Exposure to halogenated flame retardants (HFRs) has been associated with various adverse effects on human health. Human exposure to HFRs mainly occurs through diet, ingesting contaminated dust, and inhaling contaminated air. Understanding and characterizing the variables linked to these exposure pathways is essential for developing effective risk assessment and mitigation strategies. We investigated indoor environment quality, physiological factors, and diet as potential predictors of HFRs concentration in children's plasma and stool. A selected number of HFRs, including polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), Dechlorane-like compounds, and emerging halogenated flame retardants, were measured in children from eastern Quebec (Canada). Information on indoor environment quality, physiological factors, and diet was obtained through self-report questionnaires. Our results show that lower brominated compounds, which are more volatile, were primarily correlated to indoor environment quality. Notably, the use of air purifiers was associated with lower BDE47 and BDE100 levels in blood and newer residential buildings were associated with higher concentrations of BDE47. A significant seasonal variation was found in stool samples, with higher levels of lower brominated PBDEs (BDE47 and BDE100) in samples collected during summer. No association between household income or maternal education degree and HFRs was found. Among emerging compounds, Dec602 and Dec603 were associated with the most variables, including the use of air dehumidifiers, air conditioning, and air purifiers, and the child's age and body fat percentage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Martinez
- Département de chimie, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Jiping Zhu
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Larissa Takser
- Département de Pédiatrie, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Jean-Philippe Bellenger
- Département de chimie, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Pajurek M, Mikolajczyk S, Warenik-Bany M. Occurrence and dietary intake of dioxins, furans (PCDD/Fs), PCBs, and flame retardants (PBDEs and HBCDDs) in baby food and infant formula. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 903:166590. [PMID: 37634722 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
This study determines the levels of 49 persistent organic pollutants which were grouped into polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), and hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDDs), in infant formula and varieties of baby food. The analyzed samples (n = 80) came from stores all over Poland. The presence of PCDD/F, PCDD/F/PCB and non dioxin-like (ndl)-PCB congeners above the maximum levels stipulated in Commission Regulation (EU) No 1259/2011 was not detected in any sample. The determined average content of PCDD/Fs/dl-PCBs in the tested baby foods was in the range of 4-10 % of the maximum level, and content of ndl-PCBs was in the range of 2-6 % of the maximum level. Despite these low levels of dioxins, furans, and PCBs, a risk analysis assuming weekly consumption of the recommended food intake showed exceedances of the tolerable weekly intake (TWI). The content of flame retardants was low in all examined categories of food for children and infant formula. The lower-bound concentration of the sum of HBCDD isomers (LB ∑HBCDDs) ranged from below the limit of quantification (LOQ) to 0.0313 ng/g w.w. and the concentration of ∑PBDEs was in a 0.001-1.014 ng/g w.w. range. Neither infant formula nor baby food contributed considerably to infant exposure to HBCDDs or PBDEs. Our research indicates that the safe exposure thresholds for dioxins and PCBs in foods for infants and young children may be too high and perhaps it may be necessary to amend the legislation setting acceptable limits for baby food. It seems reasonable to introduce a recommendation on the frequency of food consumption for children and the control of raw materials for food production, in particular fish and cow milk, should be a permanent control point in the food safety assurance system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Pajurek
- Department of Radiobiology, National Veterinary Research Institute, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland.
| | - S Mikolajczyk
- Department of Radiobiology, National Veterinary Research Institute, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland
| | - M Warenik-Bany
- Department of Radiobiology, National Veterinary Research Institute, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Leung G, Akiki C, Bilamjian S, Tian L, Liu L, Bayen S. Targeted and non-targeted screening of flame retardants in rural and urban honey. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 341:139908. [PMID: 37634584 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Flame retardants (FRs) are often added to commercial products to achieve flammability resistance, but they are not chemically bonded to the materials, so, they can be easily released into the environment during the production and disposal processes. When honeybees travel to collect nectar during the pollination process, they are prone to be contaminated by chemicals in the air. Therefore, honey contamination has been proposed as an indicator of the pollution status in a particular region. To date, the occurrence of flame retardants in urban honey has yet to be explored. In this study, a direct injection method was used, coupled with LC-QTOF-MS, to analyze honey samples. This method was applied to urban (n = 100) and rural (n = 100) honey samples from the Quebec province (Canada), and the levels of flame retardants in urban and rural honey samples were not significantly different. In the targeted approach, two of the target FRs, tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate (TBOEP) and triphenyl phosphate (TPHP), were detected and confirmed at an average trace concentration (<1 ng mL-1). Additionally, a non-targeted screening workflow with an in-house-built library was developed and validated to screen for flame retardants in honey. Tris (2-chloropropyl) phosphate (TCIPP) was identified in honey using the non-targeted screening workflow and confirmed using a pure analytical standard, but there are other compounds detected in the non-targeted analysis that have yet to be validated. This study was the first to report FR compounds based on a direct injection method, coupled with a non-targeted screening workflow, at a trace level in a honey matrix. It also showed that a non-targeted workflow was effective to detect and identify unknown compounds present in the honey sample; hence, this provided a novel angle for the occurrence of FRs in air, with honey as a bio-indicator.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Leung
- Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, McGill University, 21111 Lakeshore Road, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, H9X 3V9 Canada
| | - Caren Akiki
- Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, McGill University, 21111 Lakeshore Road, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, H9X 3V9 Canada
| | - Shaghig Bilamjian
- Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, McGill University, 21111 Lakeshore Road, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, H9X 3V9 Canada
| | - Lei Tian
- Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, McGill University, 21111 Lakeshore Road, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, H9X 3V9 Canada
| | - Lan Liu
- Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, McGill University, 21111 Lakeshore Road, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, H9X 3V9 Canada
| | - Stéphane Bayen
- Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, McGill University, 21111 Lakeshore Road, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, H9X 3V9 Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Fujun T, Jiabao S, Jianmin Y, Qiyu W. Hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) induced PANoptosis of chondrocytes via activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and decreased the exercise ability of mice in vivo. Toxicology 2023; 499:153659. [PMID: 37923287 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2023.153659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) is a persistent organic pollutant (POP). HBCD is found in the blood and tissues of most populations and causes a range of toxicological damage to tissues and cells. However, the toxicological effects of HBCD on chondrocytes are not fully understood. Here, we evaluated the toxicological effects of HBCD on chondrocytes and cartilaginous tissue. For this, a model of primary cartilage cells was established. Chondrocytes were exposed to different concentrations of HBCD. Western blot, indirect immunofluorescence, ELISA and other biochemical experiments were performed to analyze the toxicological effects of HBCD on chondrocytes/articular cartilage tissue. Cell proliferation assays showed that HBCD caused a reduction in the proliferative capacity of chondrocytes, and further work indicated that HBCD induces chondrocyte death. Further experiments demonstrated that HBCD caused an inflammatory response in chondrocytes by evaluating the levels of inflammatory factors. We found that HBCD led to PANoptosis in chondrocytes by detecting panapoptosis-related marker molecules, and experimental data indicated that apoptosis markers (cleaved caspase-3/7), pyroptosis markers (caspase-1/GSDMD-N) and necroptosis markers (pMLKL/RIPK3) were upregulated after HBCD treatment. Subsequent experiments illustrated that HBCD activated the DAMP sensor NLRP3, which then mediated ZBP1-induced PANoptosis. In the in vivo model, the experimental animals were administered HBCD at 25, 50 and 100 µg/kg/week for 15 weeks. We found that HBCD led to an inflammatory response in articular cartilage tissue. The safranin O-fast green assay showed a certain degree of damage to cartilage tissue under HBCD treatment. Furthermore, HBCD resulted in an increase in MMP13 expression and a downregulation of COL2 expression in chondrocytes/cartilaginous tissues. HBCD decreased the exercise ability of mice in vivo. These data indicate that HBCD leads to chondrocyte damage. In summary, this study lays the foundation for further exploration of the toxicological effects of HBCD on bone and joints.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tian Fujun
- Jilin Agricultural University International Football Education College, China
| | - Sun Jiabao
- Jilin Agricultural University International Football Education College, China
| | - Yue Jianmin
- Jilin Agricultural University International Football Education College, China
| | - Wang Qiyu
- Jilin Agricultural University International Football Education College, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wang D, Yuan Q, Liu S, Zhao P, Liang C, Ma Y, Li S, Zhu X, Hao X, Shi J, Fan H. BDE-47 flame retardant exposure induces microglial pyroptosis and cognitive deficits by activating the mtROS-NLRP3 axis via Sirt3 downregulation and is salvaged by honokiol. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 334:122158. [PMID: 37429494 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
The brominated flame retardant 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47) is widely distributed in the environment and poses a certain risk to human health. Studies have reported that oxidative stress is a key mechanism underlying BDE-47-induced neurotoxicity. Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) is a crucial mediator of NLRP3 inflammasome activation, which is involved in cognitive dysfunction induced by environmental toxins. However, the function of the mtROS-NLRP3 inflammasome pathway in BDE-47-elicited cognitive deficits and the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Our data illustrated that eight weeks of BDE-47 (20 mg/kg) gavage led to cognitive deficits and hippocampal neuronal injury in mice. BDE-47 exposure downregulated Sirt3 expression and decreased the activity and expression level of SOD2, thereby inhibiting mtROS scavenging and activating NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis in the mouse hippocampus and BV-2 cells. In vitro, BDE-47-evoked microglial pyroptosis relied on NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Moreover, a mtROS scavenger (TEMPO) attenuated NLRP3 inflammasome activation and subsequent microglial pyroptosis under BDE-47 stress. Furthermore, Sirt3 overexpression restored the activity and expression of SOD2 and enhanced mtROS scavenging, thereby suppressing NLRP3 inflammasome activation and ameliorating microglial pyroptosis. Notably, honokiol (HKL), a pharmacological agonist of Sirt3, mitigated BDE-47-evoked hippocampal neuronal injury and cognitive impairment by inhibiting mtROS-NLRP3 axis-mediated pyroptosis via Sirt3 upregulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Wang
- College of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Quan Yuan
- College of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China; Henan Province Rongkang Hospital, Luoyang, China
| | - Shuwen Liu
- College of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Pu Zhao
- College of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Chen Liang
- College of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Yilu Ma
- College of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Sanqiang Li
- College of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Xiaoying Zhu
- College of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Xueqin Hao
- College of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Jian Shi
- College of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Hua Fan
- College of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Han L, Wang Q. Association between brominated flame retardants exposure and markers of oxidative stress in US adults: An analysis based on the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007-2016. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 263:115253. [PMID: 37478566 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to investigate the relationship between oxidative stress indicators and brominated flame retardant (BFR) levels in US adults. Using data from the NHANES (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey) from 2007 to 2016, 8028 participants aged 18 and over were enrolled in this study. PBDE28, PBDE47, PBDE85, PBDE99, PBDE100, PBDE153, PBDE154, PBDE209, and PBB153, with over 75 % detection rates, were extracted in this study. Survey-weighted linear regression model, weighted quantile sum (WQS) model, and quantile-based g calculation (QGC) model were used to assess the correlation between serum BFRs levels and oxidative stress indicators (serum bilirubin and gamma-glutamyl transferase [GGT]). Besides, the nonlinear association was explored using restricted cubic splines (RCS). Each of the BFRs was confirmed by the survey-weighted linear regression model to be positively associated with GGT after controlling for variables, and BFRs except for PBDE153 were positively associated with serum bilirubin. Except for PBDE153, serum bilirubin in the highest quartile of BFRs was significantly higher than in the lowest high quartile. Additionally, except for PBDE85, serum GGT in the highest quartile of BFRs was higher than in the lowest high quartile. A significant nonlinear association between all BFRs with bilirubin and the PBDE153, PBDE209, and PBB153 with GGT was identified by RCS analysis. By WQS analysis, combined BFR exposure was associated with serum GGT (β: 0.093; 95 % CI = 0.066-0.121; P < 0.0001) and bilirubin (β: 0.090; 95 % CI = 0.068-0.113; P < 0.0001). QGC analysis found a similar correlation between BFR mixtures with serum GGT (β: 0.098; 95 % CI = 0.075-0.120; P < 0.0001) and bilirubin (β: 0.073; 95 % CI = 0.048-0.097; P < 0.0001). Exposure to BFRs is positively associated with markers of oxidative stress (serum bilirubin and GGT) in US adults, which needs further exploration by a large-scale cohort study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Han
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Holuka C, Morel C, Roth S, Lamartinière Y, Mériaux SB, Paoli J, Guébels P, Duca RC, Godderis L, van Nieuwenhuyse A, Kremarik-Bouillaud P, Cariou R, Emond C, Schroeder H, Turner JD, Grova N. The epigenetic hallmark of early-life α-hexabromocyclododecane exposure: From cerebellar 6-mA levels to locomotor performance in adulthood. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 178:108103. [PMID: 37494814 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
There is a growing evidence that methylation at the N6 position of adenine (6-mA), whose modulation occurs primarily during development, would be a reliable epigenetic marker in eukaryotic organisms. The present study raises the question as to whether early-life exposure to α-hexabromocyclododecane (α-HBCDD), a brominated flame retardant, may trigger modifications in 6-mA epigenetic hallmarks in the brain during the development which, in turn could affect the offspring behaviour in adulthood. Pregnant Wistar rats were split into two groups: control and α-HBCDD (66 ng/kg/per os, G0-PND14). At PND1, α-HBCDD levels were assessed in brain and liver by LC-MS/MS. At PND14, DNA was isolated from the offspring's cerebellum. DNA methylation was measured by 6-mA-specific immunoprecipitation and Illumina® sequencing (MEDIP-Seq). Locomotor activity was finally evaluated at PND120. In our early-life exposure model, we confirmed that α-HBCDD can cross the placental barrier and be detected in pups at birth. An obvious post-exposure phenotype with locomotor deficits was observed when the rats reached adulthood. This was accompanied by sex-specific over-methylation of genes involved in the insulin signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway as well as serotonergic and GABAergic synapses, potentially altering the normal process of neurodevelopment with consequent motor impairments crystalized at adulthood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cyrielle Holuka
- Immune Endocrine Epigenetics Research Group, Department of Infection and Immunity-Luxembourg Institute of Health, 29 rue Henri Koch, L-4354 Esch-Sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Faculty of Science, University of Luxembourg, L-4365 Belval, Luxembourg.
| | - Chloé Morel
- Calbinotox, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Lorraine, Campus Aiguillettes, B.P. 70239, 54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France.
| | - Sarah Roth
- Immune Endocrine Epigenetics Research Group, Department of Infection and Immunity-Luxembourg Institute of Health, 29 rue Henri Koch, L-4354 Esch-Sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.
| | - Yordenca Lamartinière
- Calbinotox, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Lorraine, Campus Aiguillettes, B.P. 70239, 54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France.
| | - Sophie B Mériaux
- Immune Endocrine Epigenetics Research Group, Department of Infection and Immunity-Luxembourg Institute of Health, 29 rue Henri Koch, L-4354 Esch-Sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.
| | - Justine Paoli
- Calbinotox, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Lorraine, Campus Aiguillettes, B.P. 70239, 54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France.
| | - Pauline Guébels
- Immune Endocrine Epigenetics Research Group, Department of Infection and Immunity-Luxembourg Institute of Health, 29 rue Henri Koch, L-4354 Esch-Sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.
| | - Radu C Duca
- Department of Health Protection, National Health Laboratory (LNS), Dudelange, Luxembourg; Centre for Environment and Health, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Lode Godderis
- Centre for Environment and Health, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven, Belgium; IDEWE, External Service for Prevention and Protection at Work, Heverlee 3001, Belgium.
| | - An van Nieuwenhuyse
- Department of Health Protection, National Health Laboratory (LNS), Dudelange, Luxembourg; Centre for Environment and Health, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Pascaline Kremarik-Bouillaud
- UMR Inserm 1256 nGERE, Nutrition-Génétique et exposition aux risques environnementaux, Institute of Medical Research (Pôle BMS), University of Lorraine, B.P. 184, 54511 Nancy, France.
| | | | - Claude Emond
- PKSH Inc., Crabtree, Quebec, Canada; School of Public Health, DSEST, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Henri Schroeder
- Calbinotox, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Lorraine, Campus Aiguillettes, B.P. 70239, 54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France; UMR Inserm 1256 nGERE, Nutrition-Génétique et exposition aux risques environnementaux, Institute of Medical Research (Pôle BMS), University of Lorraine, B.P. 184, 54511 Nancy, France.
| | - Jonathan D Turner
- Immune Endocrine Epigenetics Research Group, Department of Infection and Immunity-Luxembourg Institute of Health, 29 rue Henri Koch, L-4354 Esch-Sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.
| | - Nathalie Grova
- Immune Endocrine Epigenetics Research Group, Department of Infection and Immunity-Luxembourg Institute of Health, 29 rue Henri Koch, L-4354 Esch-Sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Calbinotox, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Lorraine, Campus Aiguillettes, B.P. 70239, 54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France; UMR Inserm 1256 nGERE, Nutrition-Génétique et exposition aux risques environnementaux, Institute of Medical Research (Pôle BMS), University of Lorraine, B.P. 184, 54511 Nancy, France.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ma Y, Romanak KA, Capozzi SL, Xia C, Lehman DC, Harrad S, Cline-Cole R, Venier M. Socio-Economic Factors Impact US Dietary Exposure to Halogenated Flame Retardants. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LETTERS 2023; 10:478-484. [PMID: 37333937 PMCID: PMC10269323 DOI: 10.1021/acs.estlett.3c00224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Although diet is an important route of exposure for brominated flame retardants (BFRs), little is known of their presence in US food. Therefore, we purchased meat, fish, and dairy product samples (n = 72) in Bloomington, IN, from 3 stores representing national retail chains at different price levels. Composite samples (n = 42) were analyzed for polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), hexabromocyclododecane (HBCDD), novel BFRs (NBFRs), and dechlorane plus (DP). Concentrations of total halogenated flame retardants (HFRs) ranged between 54 and 1,400 pg/g ww, with PBDEs being the predominant compounds. Concentrations of NBFRs, but not PBDEs, in US food items were significantly impacted by price, raising the issue of environmental justice. Nonorganic food generally had a higher abundance of BDE-209 than organic food items. Estimates of dietary exposure revealed that meat and cheese consumption contribute most to the overall HFR intake and that intakes are highest for children and for non-Hispanic Asians. Taking into account several caveats and limitations of this study, these results as a whole suggest that health burdens from dietary exposure to HFRs have become minimal for US citizens, highlighting the positive impact of regulatory efforts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yulong Ma
- School of Geography, Earth, and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K
- O'Neill School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - Kevin Andrew Romanak
- O'Neill School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - Staci Lynn Capozzi
- O'Neill School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - Chunjie Xia
- O'Neill School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - Daniel Crawford Lehman
- O'Neill School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - Stuart Harrad
- School of Geography, Earth, and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K
| | - Reginald Cline-Cole
- Department of African Studies & Anthropology, School of History and Cultures, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K
| | - Marta Venier
- O'Neill School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Han L, Wang Q. Associations of brominated flame retardants exposure with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A US population-based cross-sectional analysis. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1138811. [PMID: 36969665 PMCID: PMC10036799 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1138811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundsWhether there existed an association between brominated flame retardants (BFRs) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) prevalence in humans is still a mystery.ObjectiveTo investigate the association between serum single or mixture BFRs and COPD prevalence.MethodsData of 7,591 participants from NHANES 2007–2016 was utilized. Serum BFRs, including PBDE-28, PBDE-47, PBDE-85, PBDE-99, PBDE-100, PBDE-154, PBDE-183, PBDE-209, and PBB-153 were enrolled. The survey-weighted generalized logistic regression model, restricted cubic splines (RCS), weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression, and quantile-based g-computation (QGC) analysis were performed.ResultsAfter adjustment for all confounding factors, log-transformed continuous serum PBDE-28 (OR: 1.43; 95% CI: 1.10–1.85; P = 0.01), PBDE-47 (OR: 1.39; 95% CI: 1.11–1.75; P = 0.005), PBDE-85 (OR: 1.31; 95% CI: 1.09–1.57; P = 0.005), PBDE-99 (OR: 1.27; 95% CI: 1.05–1.54; P = 0.02), PBDE-100 (OR: 1.33; 95% CI: 1.08–1.66; P = 0.01), PBDE-154 (OR: 1.29; 95% CI: 1.07–1.55; P = 0.01), PBDE-183 (OR: 1.31; 95% CI: 1.04–1.66; P = 0.02), and PBB-153 (OR: 1.25; 95% CI: 1.03–1.53; P = 0.03) were positively correlated with the prevalence of COPD. Restricted cubic splines curves displayed that PBDE-209 was significantly associated with CPOD in an inverted U-shape (P = 0.03). A significant interaction between being male and a high prevalence of COPD was observed for PBDE-28 (P for interaction <0.05), PBDE-47 (P for interaction <0.05), PBDE-85 (P for interaction <0.05), PBDE-99 (P for interaction <0.05), PBDE-100 (P for interaction <0.05), and PBB-153 (P for interaction < 0.05). Mixture BFRs exposure was positively associated with COPD prevalence in WQS regression (OR: 1.40; 95% CI: 1.14–1.72, P = 0.002) and in QGC analysis (OR: 1.49; 95% CI: 1.27–1.74, P < 0.001).ConclusionsOur study confirms that individual and mixture BFRs had positive associations with COPD, and further studies are required in larger-scale populations.
Collapse
|
12
|
Ma Y, Stubbings WA, Abdallah MAE, Cline-Cole R, Harrad S. Temporal trends in concentrations of brominated flame retardants in UK foodstuffs suggest active impacts of global phase-out of PBDEs and HBCDD. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 863:160956. [PMID: 36528953 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Global restrictions on use of legacy brominated flame retardants (BFRs) such as polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and hexabromocyclododecane (HBCDD) have generated demand for novel BFRs (NBFRs) as substitutes. Our research group has previously reported decreased concentrations of PBDEs and HBCDD and increased concentrations of NBFRs in UK indoor environments, suggesting that restrictions on PBDEs and HBCDD are exerting an impact. In this study, we analysed UK foodstuffs collected in 2020-21 and compared the BFR concentrations found with those found in similar samples collected in 2015 to investigate whether similar trends in BFR concentrations would be observed. Concentrations of PBDEs and HBCDD isomers detected in our samples had declined by 78-92 % and 59-97 % since the 2015 study, respectively. Moreover, concentrations of NBFRs (dominated by 1,2-bis(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy) ethane (BTBPE or TBE), and bis(2-ethyl hexyl) tetrabromophthalate (BEH-TEBP or TBPH)) in UK foodstuffs increased significantly (28-1400 %) between 2015 and 2020-21. Combined, these findings suggest that restrictions on use of PBDEs and HBCDD have had a discernible impact on concentrations of these legacy BFRs and their NBFR replacements in UK foodstuffs. Interestingly, given recent reports of a significant increase in concentrations of decabromodiphenyl ethane (DBDPE) in UK house dust between 2014 and 2019, a significant decline (70-84 %) in concentrations of DBDPE was observed in UK foodstuffs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yulong Ma
- School of Geography, Earth, and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
| | - William A Stubbings
- School of Geography, Earth, and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | | | - Reginald Cline-Cole
- Department of African Studies & Anthropology, School of History and Cultures, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Stuart Harrad
- School of Geography, Earth, and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wang C, Dong S, Wang P, Hao Y, Wang R, Zhang S, Wang Y, Wang P, Zhang Q, Jiang G. A pilot evaluation on the toxicokinetics and bioaccumulation of polychlorinated naphthalenes in laying hens. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 835:155454. [PMID: 35472355 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge of the transfer features of polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs), a class of emerging persistent organic pollutants (POPs), is still lacking concerning the environment-feed-food transfer chain of farm animals. We conducted a controlled feeding experiment with laying hens fed fly ash-contaminated diets to investigate the toxicokinetics and bioaccumulation of PCNs (tri- to octa-CNs) in the hen eggs and tissues. The eggs showed increasing PCNs levels after 14 days of oral exposure, which gradually decreased during the 28-day depuration period but still exceeded the initial levels. The apparent one-compartment half-life of ∑63PCNs in the eggs was 28.9 days, which was comparable to those of other dioxin-like compounds. The uptake and depuration rates of PCN congeners in the eggs were 0.002-0.010 and 0.016-0.079 days-1 in eggs, respectively. The depuration rates were decreased with the n-octanol/water partition coefficients (logKOW), indicating that the eggs retained more lipophilic congeners, whereas the uptake rates increased with the logKOW, indicating the faster deposition of the more lipophilic PCNs in eggs during the exposure period. The transfer rates of PCN congeners ranged from 0.27%-23.0%, indicating the transfer potential of PCNs from feed to eggs. Additionally, the PCN distribution in the laying hens at the end of the exposure showed tissue-specific accumulation, with the high levels of PCNs in the liver, spleen, and ovum. Positive correlations between the transfer factors (Ctissue/Cfeed) and the logKOW suggested that more lipophilic PCN congeners tended to accumulate in the tissues. After quantitatively assessing the feed-to-food transfer of PCNs in laying hens, our results highlight the risk of exposure to PCNs in the food supply chain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shujun Dong
- Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Pu Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Fume and Dust Pollution Control, School of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Yanfen Hao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Fume and Dust Pollution Control, School of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Ruiguo Wang
- Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Su Zhang
- Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yaxin Wang
- Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Peilong Wang
- Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers in early pregnancy and preterm birth: Findings from the NICHD Fetal Growth Studies. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2022; 243:113978. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2022.113978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
15
|
Feiteiro J, Mariana M, Cairrão E. Health toxicity effects of brominated flame retardants: From environmental to human exposure. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 285:117475. [PMID: 34087639 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) and Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBP-A) are brominated flame retardants widely used in variety of industrial and consumer products (e.g., automobiles, electronics, furniture, textiles and plastics) to reduce flammability. HBCD and TBBPA can also contaminate the environment, mainly water, dust, air and soil, from which human exposure occurs. This constant exposure has raised some concerns against human health. These compounds can act as endocrine disruptors, a property that gives them the ability to interfere with hormonal function and quantity, when HBCD and TBBPA bind target tissues in the body. Studies in human and animals suggest a correlation between HBCD and TBBPA exposure and adverse health outcomes, namely thyroid disorders, neurobehavior and development disorders, reproductive health, immunological, oncological and cardiovascular diseases. However, in humans these effects are still poorly understood, once only a few data evaluated the human health effects. Thus, the purpose of this review is to present the toxicity effects of HBCD and TBBPA and how these compounds affect the environment and health, resorting to data and knowledge of 255 published papers from 1979 to 2020.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joana Feiteiro
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal; FCS-UBI, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Melissa Mariana
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Elisa Cairrão
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal; FCS-UBI, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ohoro CR, Adeniji AO, Okoh AI, Okoh OO. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers in the environmental systems: a review. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCE & ENGINEERING 2021; 19:1229-1247. [PMID: 34150307 PMCID: PMC8172818 DOI: 10.1007/s40201-021-00656-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
PBDEs are human-influenced chemicals utilized massively as flame retardants. They are environmentally persistent, not easily degraded, bioaccumulate in the biological tissue of organisms, and bio-magnify across the food web. They can travel over a long distance, with air and water being their possible transport media. They can be transferred to non-target organisms by inhalation, oral ingestion, breastfeeding, or dermal contact. These pollutants adsorb easily to solid matrices due to their lipophilicity and hydrophobicity; thus, sediments from rivers, lakes, estuaries, and ocean are becoming their major reservoirs aquatic environments. They have low acute toxicity, but the effects of interfering with the thyroid hormone metabolism in the endocrine system are long term. Many congeners of PBDEs are considered to pose a danger to humans and the aquatic environment. They have shown the possibility of causing many undesirable effects, together with neurologic, immunological, and reproductive disruptions and possible carcinogenicity in humans. PBDEs have been detected in small amounts in biological samples, including hair, human semen, blood, urine, and breastmilk, and environmental samples such as sediment, soil, sewage sludge, air, biota, fish, mussels, surface water, and wastewater. The congeners prevailing in environmental samples, with soil being the essential matrix, are BDE 47, 99, and 100. BDE 28, 47, 99, 100, 153, 154, and 183 are more frequently detected in human tissues, whereas in sediment and soil, BDE 100 and 183 predominate. Generally, BDE 153 and 154 appear very often across different matrices. However, BDE 209 seems not frequently determined, owing to its tendency to quickly breakdown into smaller congeners. This paper carried out an overview of PBDEs in the environmental, human, and biota niches with their characteristics, physicochemical properties, and fate in the environment, human exposure, and health effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chinemerem Ruth Ohoro
- SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice, 5700 South Africa
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Fort Hare, Alice, 5700 South Africa
| | - Abiodun Olagoke Adeniji
- SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice, 5700 South Africa
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Fort Hare, Alice, 5700 South Africa
| | - Anthony Ifeanyi Okoh
- SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice, 5700 South Africa
- Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Alice, 5700 South Africa
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Omobola Oluranti Okoh
- SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice, 5700 South Africa
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Fort Hare, Alice, 5700 South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Schrenk D, Bignami M, Bodin L, Chipman JK, del Mazo J, Grasl‐Kraupp B, Hogstrand C, Hoogenboom L(R, Leblanc J, Nebbia CS, Nielsen E, Ntzani E, Petersen A, Sand S, Schwerdtle T, Wallace H, Benford D, Fürst P, Rose M, Ioannidou S, Nikolič M, Bordajandi LR, Vleminckx C. Update of the risk assessment of hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDDs) in food. EFSA J 2021; 19:e06421. [PMID: 33732387 PMCID: PMC7938899 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2021.6421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The European Commission asked EFSA to update its 2011 risk assessment on hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDDs) in food. HBCDDs, predominantly mixtures of the stereoisomers α-, β- and γ-HBCDD, were widely used additive flame retardants. Concern has been raised because of the occurrence of HBCDDs in the environment, food and in humans. Main targets for toxicity are neurodevelopment, the liver, thyroid hormone homeostasis and the reproductive and immune systems. The CONTAM Panel concluded that the neurodevelopmental effects on behaviour in mice can be considered the critical effects. Based on effects on spontaneous behaviour in mice, the Panel identified a lowest observed adverse effect level (LOAEL) of 0.9 mg/kg body weight (bw) as the Reference Point, corresponding to a body burden of 0.75 mg/kg bw. The chronic intake that would lead to the same body burden in humans was calculated to be 2.35 μg/kg bw per day. The derivation of a health-based guidance value (HBGV) was not considered appropriate. Instead, the margin of exposure (MOE) approach was applied to assess possible health concerns. Over 6,000 analytical results for HBCDDs in food were used to estimate the exposure across dietary surveys and age groups of the European population. The most important contributors to the chronic dietary LB exposure to HBCDDs were fish meat, eggs, livestock meat and poultry. The CONTAM Panel concluded that the resulting MOE values support the conclusion that current dietary exposure to HBCDDs across European countries does not raise a health concern. An exception is breastfed infants with high milk consumption, for which the lowest MOE values may raise a health concern.
Collapse
|
18
|
Thakali A, MacRae JD. A review of chemical and microbial contamination in food: What are the threats to a circular food system? ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 194:110635. [PMID: 33347866 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A circular food system is one in which food waste is processed to recover plant nutrients and returned to the soil to enable the production of more food, rather than being diverted to landfill or incineration. The approach may be used to reduce energy and water use in food production and contribute to the sustainability of the system. Anaerobic digestion and composting are common food waste treatment technologies used to stabilize waste and produce residual materials that can replenish the soil, thus contributing to a circular food system. This approach can only be deemed safe and feasible, however, if food waste is uncontaminated or any contaminants are destroyed during treatment. This review brings together information on several contaminant classes at different stages of the food supply chain, their possible sources, and their fates during composting and digestion. The main aim is to identify factors that could impede the transition towards a safe, reliable and efficient circular food system. We investigated heavy metals, halogenated organic compounds, foodborne pathogens and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in the food system and their fates during digestion and composting. Production and processing stages were identified as major entry points for these classes of contaminants. Heavy metals and foodborne pathogens pose less risk in a circular system than halogenated organics or antibiotic resistance. Given the diversity of properties among halogenated organic compounds, there is conflicting evidence about their fate during treatment. There are relatively few studies on the fate of ARGs during treatment, and these have produced variable results, indicating a need for more research to clarify their fate in the final products. Repeated land application of contaminated food waste residuals can increase the risk of accumulation and jeopardize the safety of a circular food system. Thus, careful management of the system and research into the fate of the contaminants during treatment is needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Astha Thakali
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Maine, 5711 Boardman Hall, Orono, ME, 04469, USA.
| | - Jean D MacRae
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Maine, 5711 Boardman Hall, Orono, ME, 04469, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Yin H, Tang Z, Meng T, Zhang M. Concentration profile, spatial distributions and temporal trends of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in sediments across China: Implications for risk assessment. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 206:111205. [PMID: 32882573 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in sediments of China have been extensively investigated; however, most studies conducted to date have focused on specific locations, and the pollution and risk posed by these chemicals in sediments at the national scale remain unknown. Therefore, we analyzed the concentrations and risks of PBDEs in sediments in China and their spatiotemporal variations based on available literature. Overall, the sediments across China contain moderate to high levels of PBDEs, with BDE-209 being the dominant congener, followed by BDE-47 and BDE-99. The sediment concentrations of PBDEs were highest in southern China and lowest in northeastern China. Additionally, based on their PBDE concentrations, 18.4%, 30.0%, and 11.9% of sediment samples from rivers, lakes, and coastal waters, respectively, posed low to moderate eco-toxicological risks, but 6.90% of river sediments posed high risks. Between 2001 and 2017, the concentrations and risks of PBDEs in the sediments from rivers and coastal waters tended to decrease gradually. Additionally, there were low to moderate risks from PBDEs in lake sediments, and the risks in 2012-2017 were 3.30 times higher than those in 2006-2011. However, more studies about the spatial and temporal trends in PBDEs in sediment across China and their impacts on aquatic organisms are needed because there is still a general lack of relevant information.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongmin Yin
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China.
| | - Zhenwu Tang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China.
| | - Tong Meng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China.
| | - Minna Zhang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Nicklisch SC, Hamdoun A. Disruption of small molecule transporter systems by Transporter-Interfering Chemicals (TICs). FEBS Lett 2020; 594:4158-4185. [PMID: 33222203 PMCID: PMC8112642 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Small molecule transporters (SMTs) in the ABC and SLC families are important players in disposition of diverse endo- and xenobiotics. Interactions of environmental chemicals with these transporters were first postulated in the 1990s, and since validated in numerous in vitro and in vivo scenarios. Recent results on the co-crystal structure of ABCB1 with the flame-retardant BDE-100 demonstrate that a diverse range of man-made and natural toxic molecules, hereafter termed transporter-interfering chemicals (TICs), can directly bind to SMTs and interfere with their function. TIC-binding modes mimic those of substrates, inhibitors, modulators, inducers, and possibly stimulants through direct and allosteric mechanisms. Similarly, the effects could directly or indirectly agonize, antagonize or perhaps even prime the SMT system to alter transport function. Importantly, TICs are distinguished from drugs and pharmaceuticals that interact with transporters in that exposure is unintended and inherently variant. Here, we review the molecular mechanisms of environmental chemical interaction with SMTs, the methodological considerations for their evaluation, and the future directions for TIC discovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sascha C.T. Nicklisch
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Amro Hamdoun
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0202
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Lewis PJ, McGrath TJ, Emmerson L, Allinson G, Shimeta J. Adélie penguin colonies as indicators of brominated flame retardants (BFRs) in East Antarctica. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 250:126320. [PMID: 32126331 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
While persistent organic pollutant (POP) contamination within Antarctica is largely caused by long-range atmospheric transport (LRAT), Antarctic research bases have been shown to be local sources of POPs such as brominated flame retardants (BFRs). This study compared concentrations of seven polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) congeners and five novel flame retardants (NBFRs) found in Adélie penguin (Pygoscelis adeliae) colony soils near the Australian research stations, Mawson and Davis, to assess the stations as local sources of these contaminants and provide a much needed baseline for contamination of BFRs in East Antarctica. Soil samples (n = 46) were collected from Adélie colonies at close proximity to the research stations as well as further afield during the 2016-17 austral summer. Samples were analysed using selective pressurised liquid extraction (S-PLE) and gas chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). PBDEs (BDE-28, -47, -99, -100, -153, -154 and -183) were detected in 45/46 samples with ∑7PBDE concentrations ranging from <0.01 to 1.63 ng/g dry weight (dw) and NBFRs (2,3,4,5,6-pentabromotoluene (PBT), 2,3,4,5,6-pentabromoethylbenzene (PBEB), hexabromobenzene (HBB), 2-ethylhexyl-2,3,4,5-tetrabromobenzoate (EH-TBB) and bis(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy) ethane (BTBPE)) detected in 20/46 samples, with a range of ∑5NBFR from not detected (ND) to 0.16 ng/g dw. Soils taken from around the Davis and Mawson research stations were more highly contaminated (n = 10) than penguin colonies (n = 27) and control areas not affiliated with breeding seabirds (n = 8). The most common congener detected was BDE-99, reflecting inputs from LRAT. However, the congener profiles of station soils supported the hypothesis that research stations are a local source of PBDEs to the Antarctic environment. In addition, the NBFR pentabromoethylbenzene (PBEB) was quantified for the first time in Antarctic soils, providing essential information for baseline contamination within the region and highlighting the need for ongoing monitoring as global regulations for the use of BFRs continuously change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Phoebe J Lewis
- Centre for Environmental Sustainability and Remediation (EnSuRe), School of Science, RMIT University, GPO Box 2476, Melbourne, Victoria, 3001, Australia; Australian Antarctic Division, 203 Channel Highway, Kingston, Tasmania, 7050, Australia.
| | - Thomas J McGrath
- Centre for Environmental Sustainability and Remediation (EnSuRe), School of Science, RMIT University, GPO Box 2476, Melbourne, Victoria, 3001, Australia
| | - Louise Emmerson
- Australian Antarctic Division, 203 Channel Highway, Kingston, Tasmania, 7050, Australia
| | - Graeme Allinson
- Centre for Environmental Sustainability and Remediation (EnSuRe), School of Science, RMIT University, GPO Box 2476, Melbourne, Victoria, 3001, Australia
| | - Jeff Shimeta
- Centre for Environmental Sustainability and Remediation (EnSuRe), School of Science, RMIT University, GPO Box 2476, Melbourne, Victoria, 3001, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Sjödin A, Mueller JF, Jones R, Schütze A, Wong LY, Caudill SP, Harden FA, Webster TF, Toms LM. Serum elimination half-lives adjusted for ongoing exposure of tri-to hexabrominated diphenyl ethers: Determined in persons moving from North America to Australia. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 248:125905. [PMID: 32004881 PMCID: PMC7819278 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.125905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the study was to determine the human serum elimination half-life of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) adjusted for ongoing exposure in subjects moving from a higher exposure region (North America) to a lower exposure region (Australia). The study population was comprised of exchange students and long-term visitors from North America moving to Brisbane, Australia (N = 27) and local residents (N = 23) who were followed by repeated serum sampling every other month. The local residents were sampled to adjust for ongoing exposure in Australia. Only one visitor remained in Australia for a period of time similar to the elimination half-life and had a sufficiently high initial concentration of PBDEs to derive a half-life. This visitor arrived in Australia in March of 2011 and remained in the country for 1.5 years. Since the magnitude of PBDE exposure is lower in Australia than in North America we observed an apparent 1st order elimination curve over time from which we have estimated the serum elimination half-lives for BDE28, BDE47, BDE99, BDE100, and BDE153 to be 0.942, 1.19, 1.03, 2.16, and 4.12 years, respectively. Uncertainty in the estimates were estimated using a Monte Carlo simulation. The human serum elimination half-life adjusted for ongoing exposure can allow us to assess the effectiveness and reduction in exposure in the general population following phase out of commercial penta- and octaBDE in 2004 in the United States.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Sjödin
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), National Center for Environmental Health (NCEH), Division of Laboratory Sciences (DLS), 4770 Buford Hwy NE, Atlanta, GA, 30341, USA.
| | - Jochen F Mueller
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Science (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall Street Woolloongabba, 4102, Queensland, Australia
| | - Richard Jones
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), National Center for Environmental Health (NCEH), Division of Laboratory Sciences (DLS), 4770 Buford Hwy NE, Atlanta, GA, 30341, USA
| | - Andre Schütze
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), National Center for Environmental Health (NCEH), Division of Laboratory Sciences (DLS), 4770 Buford Hwy NE, Atlanta, GA, 30341, USA
| | - Lee-Yang Wong
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), National Center for Environmental Health (NCEH), Division of Laboratory Sciences (DLS), 4770 Buford Hwy NE, Atlanta, GA, 30341, USA
| | - Samuel P Caudill
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), National Center for Environmental Health (NCEH), Division of Laboratory Sciences (DLS), 4770 Buford Hwy NE, Atlanta, GA, 30341, USA
| | | | - Thomas F Webster
- Dept Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02130, USA
| | - Leisa-Maree Toms
- School of Public Health and Social Work, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Khidkhan K, Mizukawa H, Ikenaka Y, Nakayama SMM, Nomiyama K, Yokoyama N, Ichii O, Takiguchi M, Tanabe S, Ishizuka M. Altered hepatic cytochrome P450 expression in cats after chronic exposure to decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209). J Vet Med Sci 2020; 82:978-982. [PMID: 32435004 PMCID: PMC7399315 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.20-0140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The knowledge of cytochrome P450 (CYP) expression involved in chemical exposure are necessary in clinical applications for the medication and prediction of adverse effects. The
aim of this study was to evaluate the mRNA expression of CYP1–CYP3 families in cats exposed to BDE-209 for one year. All selected CYP isoforms showed no significant difference in
mRNA expressions between control and exposure groups, however, CYP3A12 and CYP3A131 revealed tend to be two times higher in the exposure group compared to control group. The
present results indicate that the chronic exposure of BDE209 could not alter CYP expression in the liver of cats. This result considered caused by the deficiency of CYP2B subfamily
which is major metabolism enzyme of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in cat.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kraisiri Khidkhan
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18, Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Hazuki Mizukawa
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18, Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan.,Department of Science and Technology for Biological Resources and Environment, Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Ikenaka
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18, Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan.,Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2531, South Africa
| | - Shouta M M Nakayama
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18, Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Kei Nomiyama
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, 2-5 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan
| | - Nozomu Yokoyama
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18, Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Osamu Ichii
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18, Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan.,Laboratory of Agrobiomedical Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita 9, Nishi 9, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589, Japan
| | - Mitsuyoshi Takiguchi
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18, Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Tanabe
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, 2-5 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan
| | - Mayumi Ishizuka
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18, Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Buckley JP, Barrett ES, Beamer PI, Bennett DH, Bloom MS, Fennell TR, Fry RC, Funk WE, Hamra GB, Hecht SS, Kannan K, Iyer R, Karagas MR, Lyall K, Parsons PJ, Pellizzari ED, Signes-Pastor AJ, Starling AP, Wang A, Watkins DJ, Zhang M, Woodruff TJ. Opportunities for evaluating chemical exposures and child health in the United States: the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Program. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2020; 30:397-419. [PMID: 32066883 PMCID: PMC7183426 DOI: 10.1038/s41370-020-0211-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Program will evaluate environmental factors affecting children's health (perinatal, neurodevelopmental, obesity, respiratory, and positive health outcomes) by pooling cohorts composed of >50,000 children in the largest US study of its kind. Our objective was to identify opportunities for studying chemicals and child health using existing or future ECHO chemical exposure data. We described chemical-related information collected by ECHO cohorts and reviewed ECHO-relevant literature on exposure routes, sources, and environmental and human monitoring. Fifty-six ECHO cohorts have existing or planned chemical biomonitoring data for mothers or children. Environmental phenols/parabens, phthalates, metals/metalloids, and tobacco biomarkers are each being measured by ≥15 cohorts, predominantly during pregnancy and childhood, indicating ample opportunities to study child health outcomes. Cohorts are collecting questionnaire data on multiple exposure sources and conducting environmental monitoring including air, dust, and water sample collection that could be used for exposure assessment studies. To supplement existing chemical data, we recommend biomonitoring of emerging chemicals, nontargeted analysis to identify novel chemicals, and expanded measurement of chemicals in alternative biological matrices and dust samples. ECHO's rich data and samples represent an unprecedented opportunity to accelerate environmental chemical research to improve the health of US children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessie P Buckley
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ, USA.
| | - Emily S Barrett
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Paloma I Beamer
- Department of Community, Environment and Policy, Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Deborah H Bennett
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Michael S Bloom
- Departments of Environmental Health Sciences and Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Timothy R Fennell
- Discovery Sciences, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Rebecca C Fry
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - William E Funk
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ghassan B Hamra
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Stephen S Hecht
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Kurunthachalam Kannan
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, USA
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Ramsunder Iyer
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Margaret R Karagas
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Kristen Lyall
- A.J. Drexel Autism Institute, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Patrick J Parsons
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, USA
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Edo D Pellizzari
- Fellows Program, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | | | - Anne P Starling
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Aolin Wang
- Program on Reproductive Health and the Environment, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Deborah J Watkins
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Mingyu Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Tracey J Woodruff
- Program on Reproductive Health and the Environment, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Cheng B, Peng FJ, Liu QR, Ke CL, Liu Q, Pan CG. Nationwide assessment of persistent halogenated compounds (PHCs) in farmed golden pompano of China. Food Chem 2020; 313:126135. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.126135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
|
26
|
Bedi M, von Goetz N, Ng C. Estimating polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) exposure through seafood consumption in Switzerland using international food trade data. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 138:105652. [PMID: 32208188 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Seafood is a major source of human exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs). The intake of these globally distributed and bioaccumulative contaminants depends on both consumption patterns (which seafoods are consumed) and on their origins. Here, we investigate exposure to PBDEs through seafood consumption as a function of species, origins and consumption levels. We estimate the contribution of seafood consumption to PBDE exposures in the Swiss population using two approaches. The first approach estimates exposures by estimating the composition of the Swiss seafood diet using trade data and national statistics on total seafood consumption. This naïve approach could be used for any country for which no individually reported consumption data are available for a population. The second approach uses dietary survey data provided by the Swiss Federal Statistical Office as part of the menuCH study for exposure estimates. To support region- and species-specific estimates of exposures for both approaches, we built a database of PBDE concentrations in seafood by analysis of published PBDE levels in fish from food markets or freshwater resources from various countries. We find estimated PBDE exposures ranging from 0.15 to 0.65 ng/kg bw/day for the trade data-based diet. These were close to the median exposures of 0.68 ng/kg bw/day for the Swiss population based on the menuCH survey, indicating that the composition and consumption rate derived from trade data are appropriate for calculating exposures in the average adult population. However, it could not account for PBDE exposures of more vulnerable (high seafood consuming) populations captured only by the survey data. All estimates were lower than the PBDE Chronic Oral Reference Doses (RfD's) suggested by the EPA, but could increase substantially to a value of 7 ng/kg bw/day if fish are sourced from the most contaminated origins, as in the case of Vietnamese shrimp/prawn, Norwegian salmon, and Swiss whitefish. Exposures as high as 8.50 ng/kg bw/day are estimated for the survey-based diet, which better captures the variability in consumption by individuals, including extreme high and low values. In general, the most frequently consumed species reported by Swiss consumers are consistent with those predicted using trade data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Megha Bedi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Natalie von Goetz
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Federal Office of Public Health, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Carla Ng
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Lee JG, Anh J, Kang GJ, Kim D, Kang Y. Development of an analytical method for simultaneously determining TBBPA and HBCDs in various foods. Food Chem 2020; 313:126027. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.126027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
28
|
Jian K, Zhao L, Ya M, Zhang Y, Su H, Meng W, Li J, Su G. Dietary intake of legacy and emerging halogenated flame retardants using food market basket estimations in Nanjing, eastern China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 258:113737. [PMID: 31838397 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Food products are inevitably contaminated by flame retardants throughout their lifecycle (i.e., during production, use, and disposal). In order to evaluate the dietary intake of legacy and emerging halogenated flame retardants (HFRs) in typical market food in China, we investigate the distribution and profile of 27 legacy polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and 16 emerging HFRs (EHFRs) in 9 food categories (meat, poultry, aquatic food, eggs, dairy products, cereals, vegetables, nuts and fruits, and sugar). A total of 105 food samples collected from three markets in Nanjing, eastern China were included for evaluation. The highest concentrations of PBDEs and EHFRs were found in aquatic foods (means of 0.834 ng/g wet weight (ww) and 0.348 ng/g ww, respectively), and the lowest concentrations were found in sugar (means of 0.020 ng/g ww for PBDEs and 0.014 ng/g ww for EHFRs). 2,2',4-tribromodiphenyl ether (BDE-17), a legacy HFR, and hexabromobenzene (HBBz), an EHFR, were the predominant pollutants in the investigated food samples. Concentrations of HBBz and 2,3-dibromopropyl tribromophenyl ether (DPTE) were comparable to those of some PBDEs in certain food samples. The concentrations of the total EHFRs and total PBDEs found in animal-based food samples were significantly greater than those in plant-based food samples. Comparison of the estimated total dietary intake of HFRs and their corresponding non-cancer reference dose (United States Environmental Protection Agency) suggests a low overall health risk. To the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first to simultaneously determine 27 PBDEs and 16 EHFRs in representative foods from Chinese markets. BDE-17, HBBz, and DPTE were the predominant congeners among the 43 investigated HFRs and meat and aquatic foods were the primary sources of PBDEs and EHFRs to the total local dietary intake.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kang Jian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, PR China
| | - Luming Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, PR China
| | - Miaolei Ya
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, PR China
| | - Yayun Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, PR China
| | - Huijun Su
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, PR China
| | - Weikun Meng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, PR China
| | - Jianhua Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, PR China
| | - Guanyong Su
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Assessment of Tetrabromobisphenol and Hexabromocyclododecanes exposure and risk characterization using occurrence data in foods. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 137:111121. [PMID: 31931070 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) and Hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs) are two of the most used BFRs and they have cumulated in the environment. TBBPA and HBCDs in food were determined and their risks were assessed. The analytical method used was validated in different food categories, and the performance parameters were acceptable based on the criteria of AOAC. Fish and cephalopods were contaminated with TBBPA higher than other foods, and fish contained higher levels of HBCDs than other foods. α-HBCD was the predominant diastereomer in fish and meat and had strong correlations with HBCDs in fish and cephalopods. HBCDs accumulated easier than TBBPA in food. People were exposed to TBBPA from 0.125 ng kg-1 b.w. day-1 to 0.284 ng kg-1 b.w. day-1 and HBCDs from 0.353 ng kg-1 b.w. day-1 to 1.006 ng kg-1 b.w. day-1 via food and air. Food mainly contributed to exposure to TBBPA and HBCDs and vegetables were the main contributors for exposure to TBBPA and HBCDs in food. MOEs for the whole population were over 100, and the risks of exposure to TBBPA and HBCDs from food and the environment were of low concern to public health.
Collapse
|
30
|
Chou TH, Ou MH, Wu TY, Chen DY, Shih YH. Temporal and spatial surveys of polybromodiphenyl ethers (PBDEs) contamination of soil near a factory using PBDEs in northern Taiwan. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 236:124117. [PMID: 31323549 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.06.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), previously commonly used as flame retardants, should be monitored in the environment since some are listed as persistent organic pollutants. A contaminated site near a northern Taiwan factory using decabrominated diphenyl ether (deca-BDE) was identified based on a vegetable PBDEs monitoring project in 2013. The subsequent spatial and temporal survey of that contaminated site shows the contamination ingredients in soils were close to ones used by the factory, indicating that contamination was from the factory, possibly through an exhaust vent. The average concentration of deca-BDE in the main contaminated soil was 615 μg/kg d. w. (dry weight) soil in 2015, slightly decreasing to 604 μg/kg d. w. soil in 2016, increasing to 844 μg/kg d. w. soil in 2017, and then slightly decreasing to 670 μg/kg d. w. soil in 2018. The slight change of deca-BDE and the minor change in low brominated congener level indicate a low degradation rate. The contamination of peripheral sites was around 5000 μg/kg d. w. soil for one PBDEs sampling site that was higher than those around or within the main contaminated farm, indicating serious pollution. Concentrations of PBDEs in different soil depths show that depth 2-15 cm accounted for the greatest PBDEs accumulation, indicating that deca-BDE pollution had been present over time and transported into deeper soil. There can be PBDEs uptake by crops consumed by humans, as shown in our previous studies, so continuous monitoring of PBDEs in this site is important and treatments should be established urgently.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Ho Chou
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 106, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ming-Han Ou
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 106, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Tien-Yu Wu
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 106, Taiwan, ROC
| | - De-Yu Chen
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 106, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yang-Hsin Shih
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 106, Taiwan, ROC.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Tay JH, Sellström U, Papadopoulou E, Padilla-Sánchez JA, Haug LS, de Wit CA. Serum concentrations of legacy and emerging halogenated flame retardants in a Norwegian cohort: Relationship to external exposure. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 178:108731. [PMID: 31539819 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.108731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Sixty-one serum samples from a Norwegian cohort were analyzed for 43 emerging and legacy halogenated flame retardants (HFRs). BDE-47, -153, -197 and -209 were detected in >56% of the samples with median concentrations of 0.23, 1.0, 0.64 and 1.5 ng/g lipid, respectively. BDE-49, -85, -99, -100, -154, -206, -207, -208 as well as HBB, syn- and anti-DDC-CO, OBTMPI, DBDPE, α-HBCDD and TBBPA were also detected in some serum samples (detection frequencies of 2-36%). Other tri-octaBDEs, TBP-AE, α- and β-DBE-DBCH, BATE, pTBX, αβ-TBCO, PBBz, TBCT, PBT, PBEB, DPTE, EH-TBB, BTBPE, BEH-TEBP, HCDBCO, β- and γ-HBCDD were below the limits of detection (mLOD). Concentrations of individual BDE congeners detected in this study were within the range from previous European studies. Positive correlations were seen between concentrations of BDE-47 in dust and BDE-153 in serum, between BDE-153 in dust and BDE-153 in serum, and between BDE-153 masses in handwipes and BDE-47 concentrations in serum (Spearman's rank, 0.29 < r < 0.43). Associations between the number of phones/mobiles, numbers of electronic equipment per person in the home and the consumption of specific food categories (such as soups/spices/sauces and alcoholic beverages) with BDE-47 and -153 serum levels were confirmed by multivariate linear regression analyses. The measured median serum level of BDE-47 was slightly over-predicted by a factor of 5.5 whereas other BDE congeners were under-predicted by factors of 13-6000 when compared to serum concentrations predicted from external exposure media (inhalation, dermal uptake, dietary intake from duplicate diet and dust ingestion) using a simple one compartment pharmacokinetic (PK) model. BDE-153 was not detected and BDE-197 not analyzed in food so no dietary intake assessments for these could be made, which may partially explain the discrepancies between their measured and predicted serum concentrations. Overall, our results suggest that exposure via diet is the most important exposure pathway for BDE-47 and -209, with diet being responsible for more than 96% of the total daily intake of these two BDEs in the Norwegian cohort.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joo Hui Tay
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry (ACES), Stockholm University, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ulla Sellström
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry (ACES), Stockholm University, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eleni Papadopoulou
- Department of Environmental Exposure and Epidemiology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health (NIPH), PO Box 222, Skøyen, 0213, Oslo, Norway
| | - Juan Antonio Padilla-Sánchez
- Department of Environmental Exposure and Epidemiology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health (NIPH), PO Box 222, Skøyen, 0213, Oslo, Norway
| | - Line Småstuen Haug
- Department of Environmental Exposure and Epidemiology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health (NIPH), PO Box 222, Skøyen, 0213, Oslo, Norway
| | - Cynthia A de Wit
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry (ACES), Stockholm University, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Oloruntoba K, Sindiku O, Osibanjo O, Balan S, Weber R. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in chicken eggs and cow milk around municipal dumpsites in Abuja, Nigeria. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 179:282-289. [PMID: 31071566 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.04.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are used as flame retardants in electronic equipment, as polymers in vehicles or construction, and in textiles. These additive flame retardants are emerging pollutants in Africa, released by the non-environmentally sound disposal of consumer products, often imported as secondhand, that have increasingly reached their end-of-life in the last decade. In Nigeria, which is a major receiver of e-waste and secondhand cars, there is a dearth of information regarding the levels of PBDEs in the environment, biota, and food. Thus, this study was designed to investigate the PBDE contamination of food samples of animal origin (chicken eggs and cow milk) around municipal waste dumpsites and background areas in Nigeria, to elucidate the role of dumpsites as potential sources of PBDE pollution and exposure in the country. Biological samples were collected over two years from two municipal waste dumpsites in Abuja. Fifty-six samples each of free-range chicken eggs and cow milk were collected. Control samples were collected approximately 5 km away from the dumpsites. After extraction and clean-up, the levels of POP-PBDEs listed in 2009 (major congeners of tetraBDE to heptaBDE), plus BDE-28 (Σ7PBDEs) were determined using GC-ECD. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, t-test at α0.05. Levels of Σ7PBDEs (ng/g lipid weight (lw)) in chicken eggs at the two study sites ranged from 262.3 to 313.4 (ng/g lw), more than one order of magnitude higher than those at the control site in a village near the dumpsites (14.9 ± 3.73 ng/g lw), and two and more orders of magnitude higher compared to PBDE levels in these products in industrial countries and Nigerian supermarkets. Median PBDE levels in cow milk from the two dumpsites were 49.1 and 81.5 ng/g lw, respectively, considerably higher than levels in other studies. Proper disposal methods of waste polymers containing PBDEs such as co-incineration in BAT cement kilns and plastic recycling with separation is urgently needed in Nigeria and other parts of Africa, to prevent open burning as well as crude recycle to reduce PBDE levels in the environment and human food.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kike Oloruntoba
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Raw Materials Research and Development Council, Abuja, Nigeria.
| | - Omotayo Sindiku
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
| | | | - Simona Balan
- Department of Toxic Substances Control, California Environmental Protection Agency, Berkeley, CA, USA.
| | - Roland Weber
- POPs Environmental Consulting, Schwäbisch Gmünd, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Dempsey JL, Little M, Cui JY. Gut microbiome: An intermediary to neurotoxicity. Neurotoxicology 2019; 75:41-69. [PMID: 31454513 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2019.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
There is growing recognition that the gut microbiome is an important regulator for neurological functions. This review provides a summary on the role of gut microbiota in various neurological disorders including neurotoxicity induced by environmental stressors such as drugs, environmental contaminants, and dietary factors. We propose that the gut microbiome remotely senses and regulates CNS signaling through the following mechanisms: 1) intestinal bacteria-mediated biotransformation of neurotoxicants that alters the neuro-reactivity of the parent compounds; 2) altered production of neuro-reactive microbial metabolites following exposure to certain environmental stressors; 3) bi-directional communication within the gut-brain axis to alter the intestinal barrier integrity; and 4) regulation of mucosal immune function. Distinct microbial metabolites may enter systemic circulation and epigenetically reprogram the expression of host genes in the CNS, regulating neuroinflammation, cell survival, or cell death. We will also review the current tools for the study of the gut-brain axis and provide some suggestions to move this field forward in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph L Dempsey
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, United States
| | - Mallory Little
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, United States
| | - Julia Yue Cui
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Aznar-Alemany Ò, Sala B, Plön S, Bouwman H, Barceló D, Eljarrat E. Halogenated and organophosphorus flame retardants in cetaceans from the southwestern Indian Ocean. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 226:791-799. [PMID: 30965250 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.03.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
PBDEs, HBCD, DBDPE, PBEB and HBB, dechloranes and OPFRs, as well as natural MeO-PBDEs were monitored in muscle tissue of three dolphin species from the southwestern Indian Ocean (Delphinus delphis, Sousa plumbea and Tursiops aduncus) collected between 2012 and 2015. The mean PBDE concentration was 416 ± 333 ng g-1 lw. BDE-47 was found in all samples and was almost half the total PBDE contamination. BDE-209, BDE-100 and BDE-99 were present in ≥85% of the samples. HBCD was detected in just two samples at 20 and 330 ng g-1 lw. PBEB and HBB were not detected, while DBDPE was in all samples but always below its limit of quantification. Dec 602 was the only quantifiable dechlorane at 232 ± 549 ng g-1 lw. Mean OPFR concentration was 10452 ± 11301 ng g-1 lw. TBOEP was found in all samples making up most of the total OPFR contamination. MeO-PBDEs were detected in all samples at 114 ± 137 ng g-1 lw. Data on flame retardants in biota and environmental samples from the southwestern Indian Ocean are scarce and, as a result, comparisons are difficult. However, data from other marine predators in the region, such as penguins, suggest that further studies are needed to determine if these concentrations are the consequence of a high local contamination or widespread thoughout the Indian Ocean.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Òscar Aznar-Alemany
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC); Jordi Girona, 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Berta Sala
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC); Jordi Girona, 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Stephanie Plön
- Earth Stewardship Science Research Institute (ESSRI), Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, 6031, South Africa.
| | - Hindrik Bouwman
- Research Unit: Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa.
| | - Damià Barceló
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC); Jordi Girona, 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Spain; Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Emili Grahit, 101, 17003, Girona, Spain.
| | - Ethel Eljarrat
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC); Jordi Girona, 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Scoville DK, Li CY, Wang D, Dempsey JL, Raftery D, Mani S, Gu H, Cui JY. Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers and Gut Microbiome Modulate Metabolic Syndrome-Related Aqueous Metabolites in Mice. Drug Metab Dispos 2019; 47:928-940. [PMID: 31123037 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.119.086538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are persistent environmental toxicants associated with increased risk for metabolic syndrome. Intermediary metabolism is influenced by the intestinal microbiome. To test the hypothesis that PBDEs reduce host-beneficial intermediary metabolites in an intestinal microbiome-dependent manner, 9-week old male conventional (CV) and germ-free (GF) C57BL/6 mice were orally gavaged once daily with vehicle, BDE-47, or BDE-99 (100 μmol/kg) for 4 days. Intestinal microbiome (16S rDNA sequencing), liver transcriptome (RNA-Seq), and intermediary metabolites in serum, liver, as well as small and large intestinal contents (SIC and LIC; LC-MS) were examined. Changes in intermediary metabolite abundances in serum, liver, and SIC, were observed under basal conditions (CV vs. GF mice) and by PBDE exposure. PBDEs altered the largest number of metabolites in the LIC; most were regulated by PBDEs in GF conditions. Importantly, intestinal microbiome was necessary for PBDE-mediated decreases in branched-chain and aromatic amino acid metabolites, including 3-indolepropionic acid, a tryptophan metabolite recently shown to be protective against inflammation and diabetes. Gene-metabolite networks revealed a positive association between the hepatic glycan synthesis gene α-1,6-mannosyltransferase (Alg12) mRNA and mannose, which are important for protein glycosylation. Glycome changes have been observed in patients with metabolic syndrome. In LIC of CV mice, 23 bacterial taxa were regulated by PBDEs. Correlations of certain taxa with distinct serum metabolites further highlight a modulatory role of the microbiome in mediating PBDE effects. In summary, PBDEs impact intermediary metabolism in an intestinal microbiome-dependent manner, suggesting that dysbiosis may contribute to PBDE-mediated toxicities that include metabolic syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David K Scoville
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences (D.K.S., C.Y.L., J.L.D., J.Y.C.) and Northwest Metabolomics Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (D.W., D.R.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China (D.W.); Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York (S.M.); and Arizona Metabolomics Laboratory, School of Nutrition and Health Promotion, College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona (H.G.)
| | - Cindy Yanfei Li
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences (D.K.S., C.Y.L., J.L.D., J.Y.C.) and Northwest Metabolomics Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (D.W., D.R.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China (D.W.); Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York (S.M.); and Arizona Metabolomics Laboratory, School of Nutrition and Health Promotion, College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona (H.G.)
| | - Dongfang Wang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences (D.K.S., C.Y.L., J.L.D., J.Y.C.) and Northwest Metabolomics Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (D.W., D.R.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China (D.W.); Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York (S.M.); and Arizona Metabolomics Laboratory, School of Nutrition and Health Promotion, College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona (H.G.)
| | - Joseph L Dempsey
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences (D.K.S., C.Y.L., J.L.D., J.Y.C.) and Northwest Metabolomics Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (D.W., D.R.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China (D.W.); Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York (S.M.); and Arizona Metabolomics Laboratory, School of Nutrition and Health Promotion, College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona (H.G.)
| | - Daniel Raftery
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences (D.K.S., C.Y.L., J.L.D., J.Y.C.) and Northwest Metabolomics Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (D.W., D.R.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China (D.W.); Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York (S.M.); and Arizona Metabolomics Laboratory, School of Nutrition and Health Promotion, College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona (H.G.)
| | - Sridhar Mani
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences (D.K.S., C.Y.L., J.L.D., J.Y.C.) and Northwest Metabolomics Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (D.W., D.R.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China (D.W.); Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York (S.M.); and Arizona Metabolomics Laboratory, School of Nutrition and Health Promotion, College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona (H.G.)
| | - Haiwei Gu
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences (D.K.S., C.Y.L., J.L.D., J.Y.C.) and Northwest Metabolomics Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (D.W., D.R.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China (D.W.); Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York (S.M.); and Arizona Metabolomics Laboratory, School of Nutrition and Health Promotion, College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona (H.G.)
| | - Julia Yue Cui
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences (D.K.S., C.Y.L., J.L.D., J.Y.C.) and Northwest Metabolomics Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (D.W., D.R.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China (D.W.); Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York (S.M.); and Arizona Metabolomics Laboratory, School of Nutrition and Health Promotion, College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona (H.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Sjödin A, Jones RS, Wong LY, Caudill SP, Calafat AM. Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers and Biphenyl in Serum: Time Trend Study from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey for Years 2005/06 through 2013/14. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:6018-6024. [PMID: 31002243 PMCID: PMC6556778 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b00471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Eleven polybrominated diphenyl ether (tri- to deca-BDE) congeners and 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexabromobiphenyl (BB153) have been measured in pooled serum samples from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) for one decade (from survey years 2005/06 through 2013/14). The pools, which are representative of the general noninstitutionalized population of the United States, encompassed thirty-two demographic groups defined by sex, race/ethnicity (Mexican American, non-Hispanic black, non-Hispanic white, and all other race/ethnicities), and age (12-19, >20-39, >40-59, and ≥60 years). The adjusted geometric means were determined in a multiple linear regression model for the six congeners (BDE28, BDE47, BDE99, BDE100, BDE153, and BB153) with detectable concentrations in at least 60% of pools in each of the thirty-two demographic groups; the level of significance for all statistical comparisons thereof were determined. BDE154 and BDE209 were detected in 60% of the NHANES 2011/12 and 2013/14 pools; only these two survey periods were evaluated for these congeners. The percent change in concentration by a 2-year survey period was calculated. All examined PBDEs reported in five survey periods decreased in concentration, except BDE153, for which concentrations increased by 12.0% (95% CI 7.1-16.4) and 8.4% (95% CI 2.9-14.1) for the age groups 40-59 and ≥60 years, respectively; no significant change was observed in younger age groups. Excluding BDE153, we observed larger percentage decreases by a 2-year survey period for the age groups 12-19, 20-39, and ≥60 years compared with the age group 40-59 years. The percentage decrease by a two-year survey period ranged between -19.6% (BDE99, 20-39 years old) and -4.5% (BDE100, 40-59 years old). Although five polybrominated diphenyl ether (PDBE) congeners and BB153 are still frequently detected in the U.S. general population, PBDE concentrations have decreased since 2005-2006, likely, because of changes in manufacturing practices that started in the mid-2000s.
Collapse
|
37
|
Wang J, Zhao X, Wang Y, Shi Z. Tetrabromobisphenol A, hexabromocyclododecane isomers and polybrominated diphenyl ethers in foodstuffs from Beijing, China: Contamination levels, dietary exposure and risk assessment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 666:812-820. [PMID: 30818205 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD), tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) and polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDEs) are three legacy brominated flame retardants (BFRs); however, they are still produced and used in China. In this study, these three BFRs were measured in commonly consumed animal-based and plant-based foodstuffs from Beijing, China, and the dietary intakes of these BFRs by adults in Beijing were estimated to assess the related health concerns. The median levels of TBBPA in animal-based foodstuffs ranged from <LOD to 8.03 ng/g lipid weight (lw), whereas those in all the plant-based food groups were lower than the LOD. The median levels of total HBCD in animal-based foodstuffs were from 1.14 to 5.65 ng/g lw, and α-HBCD was the predominant isomer. The median HBCD level in vegetables was 0.266 ng/g wet weight (ww), whereas γ-HBCD was the most abundant isomer. The median levels of total PBDEs in animal-based foodstuffs were from 3.22 to 13.7 ng/g lw, and BDE-209 was the most abundant congener, comprising a proportion of at least 85% of total PBDEs. The daily dietary intakes of TBBPA, HBCD and PBDEs for adults in Beijing were 2.52, 2.74 and 9.77 ng/kg body weight/day, respectively. Meat consumption was found to be the primary source of BFR dietary intake. A comparison between the calculated estimated daily intakes (EDIs) and the corresponding threshold reference values (TRVs) indicated that daily intake of BFRs via food consumption is unable to cause significant health risks. Likewise, the margin of exposures (MOEs) calculated following the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) approach were far higher than the threshold, which also proved that the EDIs of BFRs are unlikely to raise significant health concerns.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiandi Wang
- Shunyi Maternal and Children's Hospital of Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 110113, China; School of Public Health and Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Xuezhen Zhao
- School of Public Health and Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yifei Wang
- School of Public Health and Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Zhixiong Shi
- School of Public Health and Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Pajurek M, Pietron W, Maszewski S, Mikolajczyk S, Piskorska-Pliszczynska J. Poultry eggs as a source of PCDD/Fs, PCBs, PBDEs and PBDD/Fs. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 223:651-658. [PMID: 30798060 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Regardless of the country or region of the world, poultry eggs are one of the most important components of the human diet. Nutritional value is derived from them, but chicken eggs can be contaminated with POPs. The aim of the study was to compare the impact of different types of chicken husbandry system on bioaccumulation of selected POPs. The HRGC/HRMS method was used for determination of 58 congeners of chlorinated and brominated halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons. The influence of the farm rearing system on concentration and congener profile was seen for most groups of tested contaminants, of which the eggs were a source. Human exposure to dioxins and dioxin-like compounds as a result of consumption of contaminated eggs should be a subject of concern. The occurrence of PCDD/Fs, PCBs, PBDEs, and PBDD/Fs in commonly consumed foodstuffs such as eggs supports the need for further research on environmental pollutants and for determination of exposure as the result of their occurrence in different food categories.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marek Pajurek
- Department of Radiobiology, National Veterinary Research Institute, 57 Partyzantow Avenue, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland.
| | - Wojciech Pietron
- Department of Radiobiology, National Veterinary Research Institute, 57 Partyzantow Avenue, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland.
| | - Sebastian Maszewski
- Department of Radiobiology, National Veterinary Research Institute, 57 Partyzantow Avenue, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland.
| | - Szczepan Mikolajczyk
- Department of Radiobiology, National Veterinary Research Institute, 57 Partyzantow Avenue, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland.
| | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Kuo LJ, Cade SE, Cullinan V, Schultz IR. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in plasma from E-waste recyclers, outdoor and indoor workers in the Puget Sound, WA region. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 219:209-216. [PMID: 30543955 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) were widely used as flame retardants in consumer products including electronic devices. Important routes of human exposure are contaminated food and contact with dust. In this study, we measured twelve PBDEs in household/workplace dust and blood plasma samples provided by 113 volunteers living in the Puget Sound region, WA and working at electronic waste (E-waste) recycling sites (n = 29) or non-specific indoor (n = 57) or outdoor occupations (n = 27). The volunteers in the outdoor group were also selected because of a history of high seafood consumption habits. Results indicated the sum PBDE levels varied between <2.5 and up to 310 ng g-1 lipid. E-waste recyclers were predominantly men, generally consumed low amounts of seafood, and had PBDE blood levels (geometric mean, GM = 26.56 ng g-1 lipid) that were similar to indoor workers (GM = 27.17 ng g-1 lipid). The sum PBDE levels were highest in the outdoor group (GM = 50.63 ng g-1 lipid). Dust samples from E-waste sites were highly enriched with BDE-209 and BDE-153 relative to non-E-waste businesses and homes. The concentrations of these BDE congeners in dust at E-waste sites were ∼32-39 times higher than in dust from other sites. However, the detection rate of BDE-209 in plasma was low across all groups (13%) and no statistical comparisons were made. Our results suggest that E-waste recyclers in this study population did not have elevated PBDE levels in comparison to volunteers working in other types of occupations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Jung Kuo
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Marine Sciences Laboratory, 1529 W Sequim Bay Rd, Sequim, WA 98382, USA.
| | - Sara E Cade
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Marine Sciences Laboratory, 1529 W Sequim Bay Rd, Sequim, WA 98382, USA
| | - Valerie Cullinan
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Marine Sciences Laboratory, 1529 W Sequim Bay Rd, Sequim, WA 98382, USA
| | - Irvin R Schultz
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Marine Sciences Laboratory, 1529 W Sequim Bay Rd, Sequim, WA 98382, USA; NOAA - National Marine Fisheries Service, Lynker Tech & NW Fisheries Science Center, 2725 Montlake Boulevard East, Seattle, WA, 98112, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Aznar-Alemany Ò, Yang X, Alonso MB, Costa ES, Torres JPM, Malm O, Barceló D, Eljarrat E. Preliminary study of long-range transport of halogenated flame retardants using Antarctic marine mammals. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 650:1889-1897. [PMID: 30286355 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.09.287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Eight PBDE congeners, three emerging brominated flame retardants, five dechloranes and eight MeO-PBDEs were monitored in tissues (muscular, adipose, brain) and fur of southern elephant seal and Antarctic fur seal of the South Shetland Islands, Antarctic Peninsula. Total PBDEs and total dechloranes concentrations ranged between n.d.-6 ng/g lw. While PBDEs were not detected in brain tissue, Dec 602 was found in brain tissue of both seal species indicating that dechloranes -with potential neurological toxicity- could cross the blood-brain barrier. Emerging brominated flame retardants were not detected in any sample and only two MeO-PBDEs, which are of natural origin, were found. The presence of the detected compounds in biota from the Antarctic evidences their long-range transportation, being of special interest the detection of emerging compounds such as dechloranes. This is the first time that these contaminants have been detected in marine mammals from the Antarctic. BDE-47 concentrations were lower than previously reported for the same species, suggesting a successful effect of the existing regulation and bans on PBDEs. CAPSULE ABSTRACT: Halogenated flame retardants were in tissues of Antarctic seals proving long-range transport. Dechloranes showed similar behaviour to PBDEs, additionally they crossed the BBB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Òscar Aznar-Alemany
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona, 18, 08034 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Xuefei Yang
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona, 18, 08034 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Mariana B Alonso
- Radioisotopes Laboratory Eduardo Penna Franca, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Erli Schneider Costa
- Mestrado Profissional em Ambiente e Sustentabilidade, State University of Rio Grande do Sul (UERGS), Rua Assis Brasil, 842, 95400-000 São Francisco de Paula, Brazil.
| | - João Paulo M Torres
- Radioisotopes Laboratory Eduardo Penna Franca, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Olaf Malm
- Radioisotopes Laboratory Eduardo Penna Franca, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Damià Barceló
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona, 18, 08034 Barcelona, Spain; Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Emili Grahit, 101, 17003 Girona, Spain.
| | - Ethel Eljarrat
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona, 18, 08034 Barcelona, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Puschner B, Gallego SM. Chemical hazards associated with milk and dairy. CHEMICAL HAZARDS IN FOODS OF ANIMAL ORIGIN 2019. [DOI: 10.3920/978-90-8686-877-3_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Puschner
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, 149 Briggs Hall, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Steven M. Gallego
- California Department of Food and Agriculture, Animal Health and Food Safety Services, 2135 Civic Center Drive, Redding, CA 96001, USA
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Toms LML, Sjödin A, Hobson P, Harden FA, Aylward LL, Mueller JF. Temporal trends in serum polybrominated diphenyl ether concentrations in the Australian population, 2002-2013. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2018; 121:357-364. [PMID: 30243184 PMCID: PMC6263174 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
In Australia, systematic biomonitoring of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in pooled serum samples stratified by age and sex has occurred every two years between 2002/03 and 2012/13. Multiple regression modeling on log10-transformed serum pool concentrations of BDEs 47, 99, 100 and 153 and on the sum of these (Σ4PBDE) was conducted to examine trends by sex and time since baseline, stratified by age group. Temporal trends were age- and congener-specific, with the largest changes per year of observation in the 0-4 year old group, with β (SE) = -0.098 (0.013) for log10BDE47; -0.119 (0.012) for log10BDE99; -0.084 (0.014) for log10BDE100, and -0.053 (0.013) for log10BDE153, all p < 0.001. Adults over age 16 showed much smaller decreasing temporal trends for BDE47 and BDE99, no significant changes in BDE100, and, for the oldest age groups, slight increases in BDE153. As a result, Σ4PBDE concentrations were stable over the entire time period in adults older than 16. Concentrations of each BDE in pools from females aged 31-60 were significantly lower compared to males. Relative proportions of BDE47 declined, while BDE153 accounted for a greater share of Σ4PBDE over time. Whereas previously we saw a large elevation in the youngest age groups compared to older children and adults, this is no longer the case. This may be due to a decline in infant and toddler exposures in the indoor environment as use of PBDEs in consumer products has been phased out, suggesting temporal changes in the relative sources of exposure for young children in Australia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leisa-Maree L Toms
- School of Public Health and Social Work and Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia; The University of Queensland, Queensland Alliance for Environmental Sciences, Australia.
| | - Andreas Sjödin
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, USA; The University of Queensland, Queensland Alliance for Environmental Sciences, Australia
| | - Peter Hobson
- Sullivan Nicolaides Pathology, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | - Lesa L Aylward
- Summit Toxicology, Falls Church, VA, USA; The University of Queensland, Queensland Alliance for Environmental Sciences, Australia
| | - Jochen F Mueller
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Alliance for Environmental Sciences, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Fair PA, White ND, Wolf B, Arnott SA, Kannan K, Karthikraj R, Vena JE. Persistent organic pollutants in fish from Charleston Harbor and tributaries, South Carolina, United States: A risk assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2018; 167:598-613. [PMID: 30172193 PMCID: PMC6262760 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Fish consumption is an important route of exposure to persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in dolphins as well as humans. In order to assess the potential risks associated with these contaminants, 39 whole fish and 37 fillets from fish representing species consumed by dolphins and humans captured from Charleston Harbor and tributaries, South Carolina, USA, were measured for a suite of POPs. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were the predominant contaminant with concentrations ranging from 5.02 to 232.20 ng/g in whole fish and 5.42-131.95 ng/g in fillets (weight weight ww) followed by total organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs). Total POPs levels varied by location and species with general trends indicating significantly higher levels in fish from the Cooper (93.4 ng/g ww) and Ashley Rivers (56.2 ng/g ww) compared to Charleston Harbor (31.6 ng/g ww). Mullet and spot were found to have significantly higher PCBs, OCPs and total POPs, 2-3 times higher than red drum; mullet were also significantly higher in OCPs compared to seatrout. PCB concentrations in whole fish and fillets exceeded EPA human screening values for cancer risk in all fish sampled. For PCBs in fillets, all samples had values of maximum allowable meals per month that were less than the EPA, FDA guidelines for recommended fish meals per month, suggesting lower (more stringent) allowable fish meals per month. All fish exceeded PBDE wildlife values and all fish except two exceeded the level where 95% of the dolphin population would have tissue levels below the health effect threshold. Considering that POP concentrations in fish potentially consumed by humans exceed human health effect thresholds levels, consumption advisories should be considered as a prudent public health measure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia A Fair
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29412, USA; NOAA's Ocean Service, National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science, Charleston, SC 29412, USA.
| | - Natasha D White
- NOAA's Ocean Service, National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science, Charleston, SC 29412, USA
| | - Beth Wolf
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29412, USA
| | - Stephen A Arnott
- Marine Resources Research Institute, South Carolina Department of Natural Resources, Charleston, SC 29412, USA
| | - Kurunthachalam Kannan
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Empire State Plaza, PO Box 509, Albany, NY 12201-0509, USA
| | - Rajendiran Karthikraj
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Empire State Plaza, PO Box 509, Albany, NY 12201-0509, USA
| | - John E Vena
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29412, USA
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Babalola B, Adeyi A. Levels, dietary intake and risk of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in foods commonly consumed in Nigeria. Food Chem 2018; 265:78-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.05.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
45
|
Nøstbakken OJ, Duinker A, Rasinger JD, Nilsen BM, Sanden M, Frantzen S, Hove HT, Lundebye AK, Berntssen MHG, Hannisdal R, Madsen L, Maage A. Factors influencing risk assessments of brominated flame-retardants; evidence based on seafood from the North East Atlantic Ocean. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2018; 119:544-557. [PMID: 30077002 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.04.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Brominated flame-retardants (BFRs) such as polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) and hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) are considered hazardous to human health. Due to their persistence, they are still present in the environment and in biota and seafood is major contributor of BFRs to human exposure. Here, we used data from >9700 samples of wild and farmed fish, fish feed and fish feed ingredients collected from the North Atlantic between 2006 and 2016 aiming to investigate factors influencing the risk assessments of BFRs. Due to most representative number of analyses, PBDEs were the main focus of investigation. Mean ∑PBDE in fillet samples ranged from below quantification in Atlantic cod fillet to 2.0 μg kg-1 in Atlantic halibut. The main congener contributing to the ∑PBDE in all species was BDE 47. Factors affecting the level of BFR in seafood were multifaceted, and the levels were within species mainly determined by fish age, geographical origin and time of sampling. BDE 47, 99, 153 and HBCD were selected for margin of exposure (MOE) evaluation. When other sources of BFR than seafood were excluded, our risk assessment showed low risk at the current dietary intake of seafood. However, the dietary intake of BDE 99 may be of concern for toddlers when all sources are considered. The choice of fish species, dietary studies, choice of statistics, as well as exposure from other sources than seafood, were all factors that influenced the final MOE of BFRs. We propose the use of regression on order statistics as a tool for risk assessment, to illustrate means and spreads in large surveillance datasets to avoid the issue of measurements below the limit of quantification. A harmonized, updated evaluation of the risk associated with exposure to BFRs from diet, air and dust is warranted, where the fish species most commonly consumed also is taken into consideration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Arne Duinker
- Institute of Marine Research (IMR), P.O. Box 7800, 5020 Bergen, Norway
| | - Josef D Rasinger
- Institute of Marine Research (IMR), P.O. Box 7800, 5020 Bergen, Norway
| | - Bente M Nilsen
- Institute of Marine Research (IMR), P.O. Box 7800, 5020 Bergen, Norway
| | - Monica Sanden
- Institute of Marine Research (IMR), P.O. Box 7800, 5020 Bergen, Norway
| | - Sylvia Frantzen
- Institute of Marine Research (IMR), P.O. Box 7800, 5020 Bergen, Norway
| | - Helge T Hove
- Institute of Marine Research (IMR), P.O. Box 7800, 5020 Bergen, Norway
| | | | | | - Rita Hannisdal
- Institute of Marine Research (IMR), P.O. Box 7800, 5020 Bergen, Norway
| | - Lise Madsen
- Institute of Marine Research (IMR), P.O. Box 7800, 5020 Bergen, Norway; Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Amund Maage
- Institute of Marine Research (IMR), P.O. Box 7800, 5020 Bergen, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Cade SE, Kuo LJ, Schultz IR. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers and their hydroxylated and methoxylated derivatives in seafood obtained from Puget Sound, WA. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 630:1149-1154. [PMID: 29727924 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.02.301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 01/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are ubiquitous environmental contaminants and known to occur in most food items. Consumer fish products have been identified as having some of the highest PBDE levels found in USA food sources. Natural formation of hydroxylated (OH-) and methoxylated (MeO-) PBDEs are also known to occur in simple marine organisms, which may be bioaccumulated by seafood. In this study, we report findings of an initial survey of PBDE, OH-PBDE and MeO-PBDE content in common seafood items available to residents living in the Puget Sound region of Washington State. Seafood samples were either purchased from local grocery stores or caught off the coast of SE Alaska and in Puget Sound. The edible portions of the seafood were analyzed, which for finfish was white muscle (skinless fillets) and for shellfish, either the entire soft tissue (bivalves) or processed meat (calamari, shrimp and scallops). Results indicated that finfish typically had higher levels of PBDEs compared to shellfish with BDE-47 and BDE-99 as the most common congeners detected. Among shellfish, bivalves (clams and mussels) were notable for having much higher levels of OH- and MeO-PBDEs compared to other types of seafood with 6'-OH-BDE-47 and 2'-MeO-BDE-68 being the more common OH- and MeO- congeners, respectively. Based on our results and recent updates to daily fish consumption rates, estimated intake rates for Washington State residents will be between 34 and 644ngPBDEs/day, depending on species consumed. For the OH- and MeO- forms, daily exposure is much more variable but typically would range between 15 and 90ng/day for most seafood types. If shellfish are primarily consumed, OH-PBDE intake could be as high as 350ng/day. These daily intake rates for PBDEs are higher than most dietary intake rates calculated for populations in other world regions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara E Cade
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Marine Sciences Laboratory, 1529 W Sequim Bay Rd, Sequim, WA 98382, USA.
| | - Li-Jung Kuo
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Marine Sciences Laboratory, 1529 W Sequim Bay Rd, Sequim, WA 98382, USA
| | - Irvin R Schultz
- Lynker Technologies under contract to Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle WA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Atashgahi S, Shetty SA, Smidt H, de Vos WM. Flux, Impact, and Fate of Halogenated Xenobiotic Compounds in the Gut. Front Physiol 2018; 9:888. [PMID: 30042695 PMCID: PMC6048469 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Humans and their associated microbiomes are exposed to numerous xenobiotics through drugs, dietary components, personal care products as well as environmental chemicals. Most of the reciprocal interactions between the microbiota and xenobiotics, such as halogenated compounds, occur within the human gut harboring diverse and dense microbial communities. Here, we provide an overview of the flux of halogenated compounds in the environment, and diverse exposure routes of human microbiota to these compounds. Subsequently, we review the impact of halogenated compounds in perturbing the structure and function of gut microbiota and host cells. In turn, cultivation-dependent and metagenomic surveys of dehalogenating genes revealed the potential of the gut microbiota to chemically alter halogenated xenobiotics and impact their fate. Finally, we provide an outlook for future research to draw attention and attract interest to study the bidirectional impact of halogenated and other xenobiotic compounds and the gut microbiota.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siavash Atashgahi
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Sudarshan A Shetty
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Hauke Smidt
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Willem M de Vos
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands.,Research Programme Unit Immunobiology, Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Helsinki University, Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
A global database of polybrominated diphenyl ether flame retardant congeners in foods and supplements. J Food Compost Anal 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
49
|
Dunnick JK, Pandiri AR, Merrick BA, Kissling GE, Cunny H, Mutlu E, Waidyanatha S, Sills R, Hong HL, Ton TV, Maynor T, Recio L, Phillips SL, Devito MJ, Brix A. Carcinogenic activity of pentabrominated diphenyl ether mixture (DE-71) in rats and mice. Toxicol Rep 2018; 5:615-624. [PMID: 29868454 PMCID: PMC5984199 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2018.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Pentabrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) mixture was a multispecies carcinogen causing liver tumors in male and female rats and mice. Hras or Ctnnb1 mutations characterized the PBDE-induced liver tumors. PBDE-induced liver tumors increased with increasing PBDE exposure.
Pentabrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) flame retardants have been phased out in Europe and in the United States, but these lipid soluble chemicals persist in the environment and are found human and animal tissues. PBDEs have limited genotoxic activity. However, in a 2-year cancer study of a PBDE mixture (DE-71) (0, 3, 15, or 50 mg/kg (rats); 0, 3, 30, or 100 mg/kg (mice)) there were treatment-related liver tumors in male and female Wistar Han rats [Crl:WI(Han) after in utero/postnatal/adult exposure, and in male and female B6C3F1 mice, after adult exposure. In addition, there was evidence for a treatment-related carcinogenic effect in the thyroid and pituitary gland tumor in male rats, and in the uterus (stromal polyps/stromal sarcomas) in female rats. The treatment-related liver tumors in female rats were unrelated to the AhR genotype status, and occurred in animals with wild, mutant, or heterozygous Ah receptor. The liver tumors in rats and mice had treatment-related Hras and Ctnnb mutations, respectively. The PBDE carcinogenic activity could be related to oxidative damage, disruption of hormone homeostasis, and molecular and epigenetic changes in target tissue. Further work is needed to compare the PBDE toxic effects in rodents and humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J K Dunnick
- National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - A R Pandiri
- National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - B A Merrick
- National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - G E Kissling
- National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - H Cunny
- National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - E Mutlu
- National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - S Waidyanatha
- National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - R Sills
- National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - H L Hong
- National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - T V Ton
- National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - T Maynor
- Integrated Laboratory Systems, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - L Recio
- Integrated Laboratory Systems, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - S L Phillips
- Integrated Laboratory Systems, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - M J Devito
- National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - A Brix
- EPL, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Zhang Y, Lu Y, Wang P, Shi Y. Biomagnification of Hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) in a coastal ecosystem near a large producer in China: Human exposure implication through food web transfer. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 624:1213-1220. [PMID: 29929234 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.12.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) is a widely used brominated flame retardant which is mainly produced in China. Many HBCD facilities are located at the coast and the released HBCD may enter into the coastal ecosystem. There is a risk that HBCD can transfer through the food web to the diet of local population. Therefore, the coastal organisms near one of the biggest HBCD facilities in China were investigated. Variation was observed for the bioaccumulation of HBCD between the detrital food chain and the grazing food chain. In the studied species, the mullet was most contaminated which may be caused by its feeding on detritus. At the same time, the transfer of HBCD along the food web was investigated, and HBCD was biomagnified from the prey to the predator in the grazing food chains. Among the three diastereoisomers, α-HBCD was biomagnified with increasing trophic levels in the food web while β- and γ-HBCD were not. To assess the human dietary exposure, the dietary intake of HBCD from seafood was estimated, and the estimated daily intake (EDI) was 5.22ng/kg/day for adults, and 16.39ng/kg/day for children. The EDI for local residents were tens of times higher than that for general population in China, but the risk through dietary intake was very low in terms of existing reference dose.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yueqing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yonglong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
| | - Pei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yajuan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| |
Collapse
|