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Tan Y, Huang Y, Guo L, Zhou L, Zhu K, Li Y, Tan J. HLA-DQB1 Allele Polymorphism Associated with Oral Submucous Fibrosis in Hunan, China. J Immunol Res 2024; 2024:8757860. [PMID: 38799118 PMCID: PMC11127765 DOI: 10.1155/2024/8757860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Methods 44 OSF patients and 44 healthy volunteers were included in this study. To detect the expression frequency of HLA-DQB1 alleles in the two groups and analyze significant allelic subtypes and their relative risk, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) sequence-specific primers were used. Subsequently, based on the identification of differential genes, we compare the gene expression levels of OSF patients and healthy volunteers expressing differential genes by real-time quantitative PCR. Results The expression frequency of the HLA-DQB1 ∗05 : 02 allele in the OSF group (36.4%) was significantly higher than in the controls (13.6%), and exposure to the HLA-DQB1 ∗05 : 02 allele was strongly related to OSF (OR (95% CI) = 3.619 (1.257,10.421), Wald χ2 = 5.681, P=0.017). However, there were no significant differences in the allele expression frequencies of DQB1 ∗02 : 01, DQB1 ∗03 : 03, DQB1 ∗05 : 01, DQB1 ∗05 : 03, DQB1 ∗06 : 02, DQB1 ∗06 : 03, and DQB1 ∗06 : 04 in the OSF group compared with the controls (all P > 0.05). Furthermore, the relative expression level of the HLA-DQB1 ∗05 : 02 allele in the OSF group (3.98 ± 3.50) was significantly higher than in controls (0.70 ± 0.41). Conclusions There are differences in the HLA-DQB1 allele polymorphisms between the healthy population and patients with oral submucosal fibrosis. Preliminarily, it is suggested that the HLA-DQB1 ∗05 : 02 allele, which has a strong correlation with OSF and great differential expression between patients with OSF and controls, might be a susceptibility gene for OSF in Hunan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yisi Tan
- The College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Yuting Huang
- The First Clinical College of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410007, China
| | - Linkai Guo
- The First Clinical College of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410007, China
| | - Linghang Zhou
- The First Clinical College of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410007, China
| | - Keke Zhu
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410007, China
| | - Yuancong Li
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410007, China
| | - Jin Tan
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410007, China
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Kim J, Moon JW, Kim GR, Kim W, Hu HJ, Jo WJ, Baek SK, Sung GH, Park JH, Park JH. Safety tests and clinical research on buccal and nasal microneedle swabs for genomic analysis. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1296832. [PMID: 38116201 PMCID: PMC10729317 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1296832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Conventional swabs have been used as a non-invasive method to obtain samples for DNA analysis from the buccal and the nasal mucosa. However, swabs may not always collect pure enough genetic material. In this study, buccal and nasal microneedle swab is developed to improve the accuracy and reliability of genomic analysis. A cytotoxicity test, a skin sensitivity test, and a skin irritation test are conducted with microneedle swabs. Polymer microneedle swabs meet the safety requirements for clinical research and commercial use. When buccal and nasal microneedle swabs are used, the amount of genetic material obtained is greater than that from commercially available swabs, and DNA purity is also high. The comparatively short microneedle swab (250 μm long) cause almost no pain to all 25 participants. All participants also report that the microneedle swabs are very easy to use. When genotypes are compared at five SNP loci from blood of a participant and from that person's buccal or nasal microneedle swab, the buccal and nasal microneedle swabs show 100% concordance for all five SNP genotypes. Microneedle swabs can be effectively used for genomic analysis and prevention through genomic analysis, so the utilization of microneedle swabs is expected to be high.
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Affiliation(s)
- JeongHyeon Kim
- Department of Bionano Technology and Gachon BioNano Research Institute, Gachon University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | - Wonsub Kim
- Endomics Inc, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Jin Hu
- Endomics Inc, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Jun Jo
- QuadMedicine R&D Centre, QuadMedicine Co. Ltd., Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Ki Baek
- QuadMedicine R&D Centre, QuadMedicine Co. Ltd., Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Gil-Hwan Sung
- QuadMedicine R&D Centre, QuadMedicine Co. Ltd., Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Ho Park
- Department of Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hwan Park
- Department of Bionano Technology and Gachon BioNano Research Institute, Gachon University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
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A Simple, Cost-Effective, and Extraction-Free Molecular Diagnostic Test for Sickle Cell Disease Using a Noninvasive Buccal Swab Specimen for a Limited-Resource Setting. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12071765. [PMID: 35885667 PMCID: PMC9318149 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12071765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is the most prevalent life-threatening blood monogenic disorder. Currently, there is no cure available, apart from bone marrow transplantation. Early and efficient diagnosis of SCD is key to disease management, which would make considerable strides in alleviating morbidity and reducing mortality. However, the cost and complexity of diagnostic procedures, such as the Sanger sequencing method, impede the early detection of SCD in a resource-limited setting. To address this, the current study demonstrates a simple and efficient proof-of-concept assay for the detection of patients and carriers using extraction-free non-invasive buccal swab samples by isothermal DNA Amplification coupled Restrictase-mediated cleavage (iDAR). This study is a first of its kind reporting the use of buccal swab specimens for iDA in molecular diagnosis of a genetic disease, all the while being cost effective and time saving, with the total assay time of around 150 min at a cost of USD 5. Further, iDAR demonstrates 91.5% sensitivity and 100% specificity for detecting all three alleles: SS, AS, and AA, having a 100% concordance with Sanger sequencing. The applicability of the iDAR assay is further demonstrated with its adaptation to a one-pot reaction format, which simplifies the assay system. Overall, iDAR is a simple, cost-effective, precise, and non-invasive assay for SCD screening, with the potential for use in a limited resource setting.
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4
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Kim YS, Kim J, Na W, Sung GH, Baek SK, Kim YK, Kim GR, Hu HJ, Park JH. Development of a Microneedle Swab for Acquisition of Genomic DNA From Buccal Cells. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:829648. [PMID: 35252137 PMCID: PMC8895340 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.829648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A swab is a tool for obtaining buccal DNA from buccal mucus for biological analysis. The acquisition of a sufficient amount and high quality of DNA is an important factor in determining the accuracy of a diagnosis. A microneedle swab (MN swab) was developed to obtain more oral mucosal tissues non-invasively. Eight types of MN swabs were prepared with varying combinations of patterns (zigzag or straight), number of MNs, intervals of MNs, and sharpness of tips. When MN swab was applied up to 10 times, the tissue amount and DNA yield increased compared to commercial swabs. A zigzag pattern of microneedles was found to be more efficient than a straight pattern and increasing the number of microneedles in an array increased the DNA yield. The MN swab collected about twice the DNA compared to the commercial swab. In an in vivo test using mini pigs, the lower cycle threshold values of mucosal samples collected with MN swabs compared to samples collected with commercial swabs indicated that a greater amount of DNA was collected for SNP genotyping. A polymer MN swab is easy to manufacture by a single molding process, and it has a greater sampling capacity than existing commercial swabs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Seo Kim
- Department of Bionano Technology and Gachon BioNano Research Institute, Gachon University, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - JeongHyeon Kim
- Department of Bionano Technology and Gachon BioNano Research Institute, Gachon University, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Woonsung Na
- Laboratory of Veterinary Virology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Gil-Hwan Sung
- QuadMedicine R and D Centre, QuadMedicine Co., Ltd., Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Seung-Ki Baek
- QuadMedicine R and D Centre, QuadMedicine Co., Ltd., Seongnam, South Korea
| | | | | | - Hae-Jin Hu
- Endomics, Inc., Seongnam, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Hae-Jin Hu, ; Jung-Hwan Park,
| | - Jung-Hwan Park
- Department of Bionano Technology and Gachon BioNano Research Institute, Gachon University, Seongnam, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Hae-Jin Hu, ; Jung-Hwan Park,
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Tsukatani T, Minematsu T, Dai M, Tamai N, Nakagami G, Sugama J, Takada C, Sanada H. Polymorphism analysis of candidate risk genes for pressure injuries in older Japanese patients: A cross-sectional study at a long-term care hospital. Wound Repair Regen 2021; 29:741-751. [PMID: 33819344 DOI: 10.1111/wrr.12912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Advances in patient care for pressure injuries (PIs) have reduced the prevalence of PIs in Japan, although not in recent years. Several single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been identified in genes potentially associated with PIs. However, individual variance among PI risks require targeted investigations that may lead to the identification of PI susceptibilities or preventive care options that directly influence PI development pathways. This cross-sectional study examined the association between PIs and SNPs in genes related to tissue tolerance in patients in a long-term care hospital in Japan. A total of 178 participants (130 control, 20 with superficial PI history, and 28 with deep PI history) were enrolled in this study of eight SNPs in hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha (HIF1A), vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGFC), heat shock protein 90 alpha family class A member 1 (HSP90AA1), myostatin (MSTN), and vitamin D receptor (VDR). The primary outcome was a history of superficial and deep PIs in the last 6 months. SNPs were examined by real-time polymerase chain reaction, followed by multivariate logistic regression analyses of the associations between the SNPs and PI history. The results showed a significant association between VEGFC rs1485766 and the history of superficial PIs (odds ratio = 2.95; 95% confidence interval = 1.07-8.11; p = 0.04). Stratified analysis using the Braden Scale (≤14) indicated a significant association between HIF1A rs11549465 and deep PIs (p = 0.04). Our study demonstrated that VEGFC rs1485766 and HIF1A rs11549465 were associated with superficial and deep PI susceptibilities, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiro Tsukatani
- Department of Gerontological Nursing/Wound Care Management, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeo Minematsu
- Department of Skincare Science, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Care Innovation, Global Nursing Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Misako Dai
- Department of Skincare Science, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nao Tamai
- Division of Care Innovation, Global Nursing Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Imaging Nursing Science, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Gojiro Nakagami
- Department of Gerontological Nursing/Wound Care Management, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Care Innovation, Global Nursing Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junko Sugama
- Advanced Health Care Science Research Unit, Innovative Integrated Bio-Research Core, Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Chika Takada
- The Nursing Department, Sengi Hospital, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hiromi Sanada
- Department of Gerontological Nursing/Wound Care Management, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Care Innovation, Global Nursing Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Lack of Association between Interleukin-1 β Gene Polymorphism (rs16944) and Chronic Periodontitis: From a Case-Control Studies to an Updated Meta-Analysis. DISEASE MARKERS 2018; 2018:8287026. [PMID: 30647799 PMCID: PMC6311801 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8287026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Background Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) plays an important role as a mediator of various inflammatory responses in chronic periodontitis. Several studies have investigated the potential relationship between IL-1β polymorphism (rs16944) and susceptibility to chronic periodontitis; inflammatory process is involved, but conclusions is still controversial. Objective The aim of this study was to determine whether the IL-1β polymorphism (rs16944) is associated with susceptibility to chronic periodontitis. Material and Methods For the case-control study, 51 patients with chronic periodontitis and 33 healthy control patients were recruited in the study. Genotyping was conducted by direct sequencing. SNPStats and SPSS 18.0 were used for the analysis of genetic data and to evaluate odds ratios, 95% confidence intervals, and P values; logistic regression models were used. And to perform meta-analysis, studies about IL-1β polymorphism (rs16944) and chronic periodontitis were searched in PubMed, Embase, Google Scholar, and Korean Studies Information Service System (KISS) electronic databases until July 2017. Results In our case-control study, no significant relationship was revealed between IL-1β polymorphism (rs16944) and chronic periodontitis (P > 0.05 in each model). When combined with the previous studies in the meta-analysis, the result was not associated with chronic periodontitis in any of the models (CC vs. CT + TT: OR = 0.97, 95% CI = 0.762–1.246; CC + CT vs. TT: OR = 0.90, 95% CI = 0.658–1.232; and C vs. T: OR = 0.93, 95% CI = 0.774–1.128). The subgroup analysis stratified by ethnicity showed a weak association between the IL-1β polymorphism (rs16944) and chronic periodontitis in the Caucasian population (recessive model, OR = 1.34, 95% CI = 1.017–1.758, P = 0.037). Conclusion Evidences from a case-control study and the meta-analysis suggest that IL-1β polymorphism (rs16944) is not associated with susceptibility to chronic periodontitis.
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7
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Ang JS, Aloise MN, Dawes D, Dempster MG, Fraser R, Paterson A, Stanley P, Suarez-Gonzalez A, Dawes M, Katzov-Eckert H. Evaluation of buccal swabs for pharmacogenetics. BMC Res Notes 2018; 11:382. [PMID: 29898767 PMCID: PMC6000964 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-018-3476-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective A simple, non-invasive sample collection method is key for the integration of pharmacogenetics into clinical practice. The aim of this study was to gain samples for pharmacogenetic testing and evaluate the variation between dry-flocked and sponge-tipped buccal swabs in yield and quality of DNA isolated. Results Thirty-one participants collected samples using dry-flocked swabs and sponge-tipped swabs. Samples were assessed for DNA yield, quality and genotyping performance on a qPCR OpenArray platform of 28 pharmacogenetic SNPs and a CYP2D6 TaqMan copy number variant. DNA from sponge-tipped swabs had a significantly greater yield compared to DNA collected with dry-flocked swabs (p = 4.4 × 10−7). Moreover, highest genotyping call rates across all assays and highest CNV confidence scores were observed in DNA samples collected from sponge-tipped swabs (97% vs. 54% dry-flocked swabs; 0.99 vs. 0.88 dry-flocked swabs, respectively). Sample collection using sponge-tipped swabs provides a DNA source of sufficient quantity and quality for pharmacogenetic variant detection using qPCR. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13104-018-3476-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Sidney Ang
- GenXys Health Care Systems Inc., Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Diana Dawes
- GenXys Health Care Systems Inc., Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Physical Therapy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Maryn G Dempster
- GenXys Health Care Systems Inc., Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Shoppers Drug Mart Corporation, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Robert Fraser
- Molecular You Inc., Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Personalized Medicine Initiative, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Andrea Paterson
- GenXys Health Care Systems Inc., Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Clinicare Pharmacists Inc, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Paul Stanley
- GenXys Health Care Systems Inc., Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Martin Dawes
- GenXys Health Care Systems Inc., Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Family Practice, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Ruiz CA, Chaney ME, Tosi AJ. Medical-grade buccal swabs versus drugstore cotton swabs: No difference in DNA yield. MethodsX 2018; 5:39-42. [PMID: 30622908 PMCID: PMC6318096 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2018.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
We tested three types of medical-grade buccal swabs against standard cotton swabs for differences in DNA yield. A panel of swab types – one drugstore (Q-tips®) and three medical-grade – was used for buccal cell collection from three different individuals. DNA was extracted from all swabs using a QIAcube robot; quantitation values were measured by an Alu-based qPCR assay; and differences were compared through a 2-way ANOVA. Our results demonstrate that cotton swabs recover as much DNA as medical-grade swabs, but at a tremendously lower cost. Cotton swabs also display the greatest consistency of DNA yield, as indicated by the lowest coefficient of variation among the four tested swab types. These findings suggest that the use of standard cotton swabs for buccal cell collection offers not only a significant cost savings, but a more consistent method compared to the use of medical-grade swabs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody A Ruiz
- Department of Anthropology, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, United States
| | - Morgan E Chaney
- Department of Anthropology, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, United States
| | - Anthony J Tosi
- Department of Anthropology, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, United States
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9
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Martínez-Quintana E, Caballero-Sánchez N, Rodríguez-González F, Garay-Sánchez P, Tugores A. Novel Marfan Syndrome-Associated Mutation in the FBN1 Gene Caused by Parental Mosaicism and Leading to Abnormal Limb Patterning. Mol Syndromol 2017; 8:148-154. [PMID: 28588436 DOI: 10.1159/000467909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Marfan syndrome is an autosomal dominant disorder of the connective tissue caused by mutations in the fibrillin-1 (FBN1) gene. Mutations affecting cysteine residues within the epidermal growith factor-like calcium-binding domains (EGF_CA) of FBN1 are associated with Marfan syndrome features and, especially, with ectopia lentis. We report a novel substitution, affecting the first cysteine of an EGF_CA-binding module encoded by exon 63 of FBN1 (C2571Y), in a patient presenting with typical Marfan syndrome features but without ectopia lentis. The involvement of this particular carboxi-terminal domain in bone morphogenetic protein signaling is evidenced by patterning defects in the apendicular skeleton shown by the gain of a phalange at digit 1 and the fusion of some wrist bones. Although the mutation appeared as sporadic, detailed analysis revealed that the asymptomatic father was a gonosomal mosaic, and that aproximately 25% of his body cells carry the mutation. Based on this and previous evidence on the origin of sporadic mutations, we would like to stress the importance of detailed parental genetic screening, so the risk of recurrence may be evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efrén Martínez-Quintana
- Cardiology Service, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Insular-Materno Infantil, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Noemí Caballero-Sánchez
- Research Unit, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Insular-Materno Infantil, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | | | - Paloma Garay-Sánchez
- Research Unit, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Insular-Materno Infantil, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Antonio Tugores
- Research Unit, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Insular-Materno Infantil, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
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Adriaanse MPM, Vreugdenhil ACE, Vastmans V, Groeneveld L, Molenbroeck S, Schott DA, Voorter CEM, Tilanus MGJ. Human leukocyte antigen typing using buccal swabs as accurate and non-invasive substitute for venipuncture in children at risk for celiac disease. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2016; 31:1711-1716. [PMID: 26945703 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.13331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2015] [Revised: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) typing is an important step in the diagnostic algorithm for celiac disease (CD) and is also used for screening purposes. Collection of blood is invasive and accompanied with emotional impact especially in children. Genetic technological progress now enables HLA typing from buccal cell samples. This study evaluated the reliability and feasibility of HLA typing for CD-associated HLA polymorphisms using buccal swabs as routine test in high-risk individuals. METHODS Blood and buccal swabs of 77 children and adolescents with high risk for CD were prospectively collected in this cohort study. Buccal swab collection was performed either by the investigator at the outpatient clinic or by the patient or its parents at home. To evaluate the possibility of self-administration, three families performed the test at home. DNA was extracted using an adapted QIAamp method. Quantity, quality, and purity of DNA were recorded. HLA-DRB1, HLA-DQA1, and HLA-DQB1 typing was examined on buccal cell-derived and blood-derived DNA at low and, if necessary, high resolution level, using sequence-specific oligonucleotide and sequence-based typing, respectively. RESULTS DNA isolation using buccal swabs yielded a good quality and sufficient quantity of DNA to perform HLA-DQ typing in all individuals. HLA typing results on buccal cell-derived DNA were identical to typing on blood-derived DNA, also for the self-administered samples. CONCLUSION Introduction of the buccal swab test for HLA typing of CD risk in routine diagnostics can omit the current venipuncture and enables self-administration at home. Therefore, the buccal swab test is beneficial for individuals with a clinical suspicion for CD, as well as for screening purposes in high-risk populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlou P M Adriaanse
- Department of Pediatrics & Nutrition and Toxicology Research Institute Maastricht (NUTRIM), Maastricht University Medical Center, Heerlen, the Netherlands.
| | - Anita C E Vreugdenhil
- Department of Pediatrics & Nutrition and Toxicology Research Institute Maastricht (NUTRIM), Maastricht University Medical Center, Heerlen, the Netherlands
| | - Véronique Vastmans
- Department of Transplantation Immunology and Tissue Typing, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Heerlen, the Netherlands
| | - Lisette Groeneveld
- Department of Transplantation Immunology and Tissue Typing, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Heerlen, the Netherlands
| | - Stefan Molenbroeck
- Department of Transplantation Immunology and Tissue Typing, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Heerlen, the Netherlands
| | - Dina A Schott
- Department of Pediatrics, Atrium Medical Center Parkstad, Heerlen, the Netherlands
| | - Christina E M Voorter
- Department of Transplantation Immunology and Tissue Typing, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Heerlen, the Netherlands
| | - Marcel G J Tilanus
- Department of Transplantation Immunology and Tissue Typing, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Heerlen, the Netherlands
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11
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Thierbach R, Maier K, Sorsa T, Mäntylä P. Peri-Implant Sulcus Fluid (PISF) Matrix Metalloproteinase (MMP) -8 Levels in Peri-Implantitis. J Clin Diagn Res 2016; 10:ZC34-8. [PMID: 27437357 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2016/16105.7749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Matrix Metalloproteinase (MMP) -8 plays crucial role in pathogenesis of periodontitis and is also a possible biomarker candidate in peri-implantitis. AIM The aim of the study was to analyse MMP-8 levels in peri-Implant Sulcus Fluid (PISF) from peri-implantitis affected implants in smoking and non-smoking patients with different periodontal health status of natural teeth before and after peri-implantitis treatment. SETTINGS AND DESIGN Altogether 29 patients with peri-implantitis were recruited and divided into two study groups (11 with healthy periodontium or gingivitis, i.e. no marginal bone loss, and 18 with chronic periodontitis). MATERIALS AND METHODS PISF sample from one implant with peri-implantitis from each patient was collected at the baseline and six months after conservative and surgical peri-implantitis treatment, and clinical parameters were registered. Samples were analysed for MMP-8 with dento ELISA method applying a monoclonal antibody. Mucosal cell samples were also analysed for IL-1 gene polymorphism. PISF MMP-8 levels' differences between periodontal diagnosis groups and between smokers' and non-smokers' were analysed. Also, IL-1 polymorphism profiles were compared between study groups. RESULTS PISF MMP-8 levels were higher at the baseline compared to and after the treatment when all sampled implant sites were analysed together (p = 0.001). MMP-8 levels' distribution was broader in periodontitis patients' PISF samples, and only in periodontitis patients' group levels decreased statistically significantly after the treatment (p = 0.005). Smokers'and non-smokers' PISF MMP-8 was at similar level both at the baseline and after the treatment. No difference between distributions of IL-1 genotypes was found between study groups. CONCLUSION MMP-8 levels increase in peri-implantitis affected implants both in non-periodontitis and periodontitis patients, but levels still after treatment of the condition reflect intensified host response around implants and indicate challenges of controlling peri-Implantitis with any treatment modality.
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Affiliation(s)
- René Thierbach
- Department of Dental Medicine - periodontology, German Armed Forces Hospital , Berlin, Germany
| | - Kurt Maier
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki , Helsinki, Finland; 2) Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; 3) Division of Periodontology, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, Sweden
| | | | - Päivi Mäntylä
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki , Helsinki, Finland
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Gudiseva HV, Hansen M, Gutierrez L, Collins DW, He J, Verkuil LD, Danford ID, Sagaser A, Bowman AS, Salowe R, Sankar PS, Miller-Ellis E, Lehman A, O'Brien JM. Saliva DNA quality and genotyping efficiency in a predominantly elderly population. BMC Med Genomics 2016; 9:17. [PMID: 27052975 PMCID: PMC4823890 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-016-0172-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The question of whether DNA obtained from saliva is an acceptable alternative to DNA from blood is a topic of considerable interest for large genetics studies. We compared the yields, quality and performance of DNAs from saliva and blood from a mostly elderly study population. METHODS Two thousand nine hundred ten DNAs from primarily elderly subjects (mean age ± standard deviation (SD): 65 ± 12 years), collected for the Primary Open-Angle African-American Glaucoma Genetics (POAAGG) study, were evaluated by fluorometry and/or spectroscopy. These included 566 DNAs from blood and 2344 from saliva. Subsets of these were evaluated by Sanger sequencing (n = 1555), and by microarray SNP genotyping (n = 94) on an Illumina OmniExpress bead chip platform. RESULTS The mean age of subjects was 65, and 68 % were female in both the blood and saliva groups. The mean ± SD of DNA yield per ml of requested specimen was significantly higher for saliva (17.6 ± 17.8 μg/ml) than blood (13.2 ± 8.5 μg/ml), but the mean ± SD of total DNA yield obtained per saliva specimen (35 ± 36 μg from 2 ml maximum specimen volume) was approximately three-fold lower than from blood (106 ± 68 μg from 8 ml maximum specimen volume). The average genotyping call rates were >99 % for 43 of 44 saliva DNAs and >99 % for 50 of 50 for blood DNAs. For 22 of 23 paired blood and saliva samples from the same individuals, the average genotyping concordance rate was 99.996 %. High quality PCR Sanger sequencing was obtained from ≥ 98 % of blood (n = 297) and saliva (n = 1258) DNAs. DNA concentrations ≥10 ng/μl, corresponding to total yields ≥ 2 μg, were obtained for 94 % of the saliva specimens (n = 2344). CONCLUSIONS In spite of inferior purity, the performance of saliva DNAs for microarray genotyping was excellent. Our results agree with other studies concluding that saliva collection is a viable alternative to blood. The potential to boost study enrollments and reduce subject discomfort is not necessarily offset by a reduction in genotyping efficiency. Saliva DNAs performed comparably to blood DNAs for PCR Sanger sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harini V Gudiseva
- Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania, 51 N. 39th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | | | | | - David W Collins
- Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania, 51 N. 39th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Jie He
- Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania, 51 N. 39th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Lana D Verkuil
- Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania, 51 N. 39th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Ian D Danford
- Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania, 51 N. 39th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Anna Sagaser
- Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania, 51 N. 39th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Anita S Bowman
- Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania, 51 N. 39th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Rebecca Salowe
- Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania, 51 N. 39th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Prithvi S Sankar
- Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania, 51 N. 39th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Eydie Miller-Ellis
- Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania, 51 N. 39th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Amanda Lehman
- Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania, 51 N. 39th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Joan M O'Brien
- Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania, 51 N. 39th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA. Joan.O'
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Ethics in biomonitoring for occupational health. Toxicol Lett 2014; 231:111-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Revised: 09/28/2014] [Accepted: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Oh SY, Han JY, Lee SR, Lee HT. Improved DNA Extraction Method for Molecular Diagnosis from Smaller numbers of Cells. KOREAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL LABORATORY SCIENCE 2014. [DOI: 10.15324/kjcls.2014.46.3.99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Seo Young Oh
- Department of Pathology, Konkuk University Medical Center, Seoul 143-729, Korea
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Animal Bioscience & Technology Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea
| | - Jeong Yeon Han
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 110-744, Korea
| | - So Ra Lee
- Department of Pathology, Konkuk University Medical Center, Seoul 143-729, Korea
| | - Hoon Taek Lee
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Animal Bioscience & Technology Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Korea
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15
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Rahmioglu N, Fassbender A, Vitonis AF, Tworoger SS, Hummelshoj L, D'Hooghe TM, Adamson GD, Giudice LC, Becker CM, Zondervan KT, Missmer SA. World Endometriosis Research Foundation Endometriosis Phenome and Biobanking Harmonization Project: III. Fluid biospecimen collection, processing, and storage in endometriosis research. Fertil Steril 2014; 102:1233-43. [PMID: 25256929 PMCID: PMC4230639 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2014.07.1208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Revised: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Objective To harmonize standard operating procedures (SOPs) and standardize the recording of associated data for collection, processing, and storage of fluid biospecimens relevant to endometriosis. Design An international collaboration involving 34 clinical/academic centers and 3 industry collaborators from 16 countries on 5 continents. Setting In 2013, 2 workshops were conducted, followed by global consultation, bringing together 54 leaders in endometriosis research and sample processing worldwide. Patient(s) None. Intervention(s) Consensus SOPs were based on: [1] systematic comparison of SOPs from 18 global centers collecting fluid samples from women with and without endometriosis on a medium/large scale (publication on >100 cases), [2] literature evidence where available, or consultation with laboratory experts otherwise, and [3] several global consultation rounds. Main Outcome Measure(s) Standard recommended and minimum required SOPs for biofluid collection, processing, and storage in endometriosis research. Result(s) We developed recommended standard and minimum required SOPs for the collection, processing, and storage of plasma, serum, saliva, urine, endometrial/peritoneal fluid, and menstrual effluent, and a biospecimen data-collection form necessary for interpretation of sample-derived results. Conclusion(s) The Endometriosis Phenome and Biobanking Harmonisation Project SOPs allow endometriosis research centers to decrease variability in biofluid sample results, facilitating between-center comparisons and collaborations. The procedures are also relevant to research into other female conditions involving biofluid samples subject to cyclic reproductive influences. The consensus SOPs are based on the best available evidence; areas with limited evidence are identified as requiring further pilot studies. The SOPs will be reviewed based on investigator feedback, and through systematic tri-annual follow-up. Updated versions will be made available at: endometriosisfoundation.org/ephect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilufer Rahmioglu
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Amelie Fassbender
- Organ Systems, Department of Development and Regeneration, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Leuven University Fertility Centre, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Allison F Vitonis
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Boston Center for Endometriosis, Boston Children's Hospital and Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Shelley S Tworoger
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lone Hummelshoj
- World Endometriosis Research Foundation (WERF), London, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas M D'Hooghe
- Organ Systems, Department of Development and Regeneration, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Leuven University Fertility Centre, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - G David Adamson
- World Endometriosis Research Foundation (WERF), London, United Kingdom; Palo Alto Medical Foundation Fertility Physicians of Northern California, Palo Alto, California
| | - Linda C Giudice
- World Endometriosis Research Foundation (WERF), London, United Kingdom; University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Christian M Becker
- Nuffield Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Endometriosis CaRe Centre Oxford, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Krina T Zondervan
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Nuffield Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Endometriosis CaRe Centre Oxford, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
| | - Stacey A Missmer
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Boston Center for Endometriosis, Boston Children's Hospital and Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
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16
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Yi L, Wu T, Luo W, Zhou W, Wu J. A non-invasive, rapid method to genotype late-onset Alzheimer's disease-related apolipoprotein E gene polymorphisms. Neural Regen Res 2014; 9:69-75. [PMID: 25206745 PMCID: PMC4146311 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.125332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The apolipoprotein E gene ε4 allele is considered a negative factor for neural regeneration in late-onset Alzheimer's disease cases. The aim of this study was to establish a non-invasive, rapid method to genotype apolipoprotein E gene polymorphisms. Genomic DNA from mouth swab specimens was extracted using magnetic nanoparticles, and genotyping was performed by real-time PCR using TaqMan-BHQ probes. Genotyping accuracy was validated by DNA sequencing. Our results demonstrate 100% correlation to DNA sequencing, indicating reliability of our protocol. Thus, the method we have developed for apolipoprotein E genotyping is accurate and reliable, and also suitable for genotyping large samples, which may help determine the role of the apolipoprotein E ε4 allele in neural regeneration in late-onset Alzheimer's disease cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yi
- Department of Neurology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ting Wu
- Department of Neurology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Wenyuan Luo
- Department of Neurology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Wen Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jun Wu
- Department of Neurology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
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17
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Hang D, Liu F, Liu M, He Z, Sun M, Liu Y, Li J, Pan Y, Ning T, Guo C, Liang Y, Xu R, Zhang L, Cai H, Ke Y. Oral Human Papillomavirus Infection and Its Risk Factors among 5,410 Healthy Adults in China, 2009–2011. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2014; 23:2101-10. [PMID: 25033824 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-14-0084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Hang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Laboratory of Genetics, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, PR China
| | - Fangfang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Laboratory of Genetics, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, PR China
| | - Mengfei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Laboratory of Genetics, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, PR China
| | - Zhonghu He
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Laboratory of Genetics, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, PR China
| | - Min Sun
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Laboratory of Genetics, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, PR China
| | - Ying Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Laboratory of Genetics, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, PR China
| | - Jingjing Li
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Laboratory of Genetics, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yaqi Pan
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Laboratory of Genetics, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, PR China
| | - Tao Ning
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Laboratory of Genetics, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, PR China
| | - Chuanhai Guo
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Laboratory of Genetics, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yongmei Liang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Laboratory of Genetics, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, PR China
| | - Ruiping Xu
- Anyang Cancer Hospital, Anyang, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Lixin Zhang
- Anyang Cancer Hospital, Anyang, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Hong Cai
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Laboratory of Genetics, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, PR China.
| | - Yang Ke
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Laboratory of Genetics, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, PR China.
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18
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Caldwell Hooper AE, Bryan AD, Hagger MS. What keeps a body moving? The brain-derived neurotrophic factor val66met polymorphism and intrinsic motivation to exercise in humans. J Behav Med 2014; 37:1180-92. [PMID: 24805993 DOI: 10.1007/s10865-014-9567-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Individuals who are intrinsically motivated to exercise are more likely to do so consistently. In previous research, those with at least one copy of the methionine (met) allele in the brain-derived neurotrophic factor gene (BDNF; rs6265) had greater increases in positive mood and lower perceived exertion during exercise. This study examined whether genotype for BDNF is also related to intrinsic motivation, measured by self-report during a treadmill exercise session and a free-choice behavioral measure (continuing to exercise given the option to stop) among 89 regular exercisers (age M = 23.58, SD = 3.95). Those with at least one copy of the met allele reported greater increases in intrinsic motivation during exercise and were more likely to continue exercising when given the option to stop (55 vs. 33%). Results suggest that underlying genetic factors may partially influence perceptions of inherent rewards associated with exercise and might inform the development of individually targeted interventions.
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19
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Mahfuz I, Cheng W, White SJ. Identification of Streptococcus parasanguinis DNA contamination in human buccal DNA samples. BMC Res Notes 2013; 6:481. [PMID: 24266944 PMCID: PMC4222080 DOI: 10.1186/1756-0500-6-481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2013] [Accepted: 11/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of buccal swabs in clinical and scientific studies is a very popular method of collecting DNA, due to its non-invasive nature of collection. However, contamination of the DNA sample may interfere with analysis. FINDINGS Here we report the finding of Streptococcus parasanguinis bacterial DNA contamination in human buccal DNA samples, which led to preferential amplification of bacterial sequence with PCR primers designed against human sequence. CONCLUSION Contamination of buccal-derived DNA with bacterial DNA can be significant, and may influence downstream genetic analysis. One needs to be aware of possible bacterial contamination when interpreting abnormal findings following PCR amplification of buccal swab DNA samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Istiak Mahfuz
- Centre for Genetic Diseases, Monash Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, 27-31 Wright Street, Clayton 3168, VIC, Australia.
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20
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Ali GT, Al-Azhary NM, Mokhtar DA. Frequency and prognostic significant of CYP3A4-A-290G polymorphism in acute myeloid leukemia. J Adv Res 2013; 5:657-61. [PMID: 25685534 PMCID: PMC4293909 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2013.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Revised: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) is the most plentiful cytochrome P450 in adult human liver and small intestine and is responsible for detoxification of more than 50% of drugs in addition to the metabolic deactivation and metabolism of many carcinogens. Polymorphism of CYP3A4-A-290G considered the only allele that appears to stimulate CYP3A4 expression and has been associated with a number of clinical phenotypes, including prostate cancer, breast cancer, leukemia and the early onset of puberty. In this study, we analyzed the presence of CYP3A4-A-290G polymorphism in 77 newly diagnosed AML cases and 72 healthy control using PCR/RFLP aiming to show CYP3A4-A-290G polymorphism pattern in acute myeloid leukemia patients, and its role in disease severity and progression. A highly statistically significant difference was found between the control and AML groups as regards the heterozygous genotype (p-value = 0.002) and increases the risk of AML 11.4-fold. Also there was a highly significant difference between the control and AML patients regarding variant allele (G in AG and GG genotypes) (p-value 0.001) and increases the risk of AML 19-fold. No statistically significant association found between the CYP3A4-A-290G polymorphism and different clinical or laboratory parameters as well as an initial response to treatment, overall survival and the disease free survival. We concluded that CYP3A4-A-290G polymorphism is a genotypic factor that increases the CYP3A4 enzymatic activity and increases the risk of AML by 18.9-fold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gamal T Ali
- Clinical Pathology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nevin M Al-Azhary
- Clinical Pathology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Doha A Mokhtar
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Oh SY, Kim WY, Hwang TS, Han HS, Lim SD, Kim WS. Development of an ammonium sulfate DNA extraction method for obtaining amplifiable DNA in a small number of cells and its application to clinical specimens. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:546727. [PMID: 23691506 PMCID: PMC3652119 DOI: 10.1155/2013/546727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2013] [Revised: 03/11/2013] [Accepted: 03/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
DNA extraction from microdissected cells has become essential for handling clinical specimens with advances in molecular pathology. Conventional methods have limitations for extracting amplifiable DNA from specimens containing a small number of cells. We developed an ammonium sulfate DNA extraction method (A) and compared it with two other methods (B and C). DNA quality and quantity, β-globin amplification, and detectability of two cancer associated gene mutations were evaluated. Method A showed the best DNA yield, particularly when the cell number was very low. Amplification of the β-globin gene using DNA from the SNU 790 cell line and papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) cells extracted with Method A demonstrated the strongest band. BRAF(V600E) mutation analysis using ethanol-fixed PTC cells from a patient demonstrated both a "T" peak increase and an adjacent "A" peak decrease when 25 and 50 cells were extracted, whereas mutant peaks were too low to be analyzed using the other two methods. EGFR mutation analysis using formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded lung cancer tissues demonstrated a mutant peak with Method A, whereas the mutant peak was undetectable with Methods B or C. Method A yielded the best DNA quantity and quality with outstanding efficiency, particularly when paucicellular specimens were used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seo Young Oh
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Animal Bioscience and Technology, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Wook Youn Kim
- Department of Pathology, Konkuk University School of Medicine, 1 Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Sook Hwang
- Department of Pathology, Konkuk University School of Medicine, 1 Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Seung Han
- Department of Pathology, Konkuk University School of Medicine, 1 Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - So Dug Lim
- Department of Pathology, Konkuk University School of Medicine, 1 Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Wan Seop Kim
- Department of Pathology, Konkuk University School of Medicine, 1 Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
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Zeigler-Johnson C, Morales KH, Spangler E, Chang BL, Rebbeck TR. Relationship of early-onset baldness to prostate cancer in African-American men. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2013; 22:589-96. [PMID: 23532004 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-12-0944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early-onset baldness has been linked to prostate cancer; however, little is known about this relationship in African-Americans who are at elevated prostate cancer risk. METHODS We recruited 219 African-American controls and 318 African-American prostate cancer cases. We determined age-stratified associations of baldness with prostate cancer occurrence and severity defined by high stage (T3/T4) or high grade (Gleason 7+.) Associations of androgen metabolism genotypes (CYP3A4, CYP3A5, CYP3A43, AR-CAG, SRD5A2 A49T, and SRD5A2 V89L), family history, alcohol intake, and smoking were examined by baldness status and age group by using multivariable logistic regression models. RESULTS Baldness was associated with odds of prostate cancer [OR = 1.69; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.05-2.74]. Frontal baldness was associated with high-stage (OR = 2.61; 95% CI, 1.10-6.18) and high-grade (OR = 2.20; 95% CI, 1.05-4.61) tumors. For men diagnosed less than the age of 60 years, frontal baldness was associated with high stage (OR = 6.51; 95% CI, 2.11-20.06) and high grade (OR = 4.23; 95% CI, 1.47-12.14). We also observed a suggestion of an interaction among smoking, median age, and any baldness (P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS We observed significant associations between early-onset baldness and prostate cancer in African-American men. Interactions with age and smoking were suggested in these associations. Studies are needed to investigate the mechanisms influencing the relationship between baldness and prostate cancer in African-American men. IMPACT African-American men present with unique risk factors including baldness patterns that may contribute to prostate cancer disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charnita Zeigler-Johnson
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, 220 Blockley Hall, 423 Guardian Drive, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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Miranda R, Reynolds E, Ray L, Justus A, Knopik VS, McGeary J, Meyerson LA. Preliminary evidence for a gene-environment interaction in predicting alcohol use disorders in adolescents. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2013; 37:325-31. [PMID: 23136901 PMCID: PMC3700411 DOI: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2012.01897.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2011] [Accepted: 05/22/2012] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emerging research suggests that genetic influences on adolescent drinking are moderated by environmental factors. The present study builds on molecular-genetic findings by conducting the first analysis of gene-environment interactions in the association between a functional single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of the μ-opioid receptor (OPRM1) gene (A118G) and risk of developing an alcohol use disorder (AUD) during adolescence. Specifically, we tested whether variation in parenting practices or affiliation with deviant peers moderated the link between the OPRM1 gene and risk of an AUD. METHODS Adolescents reporting European ancestry (N = 104), ages 12 to 19 years (M = 15.60, SD = 1.77), were interviewed to ascertain AUD diagnoses, provided a DNA sample for genetic analyses, and completed measures of parental monitoring and deviant peer affiliation. Logistic regression was used to test the effects of environmental variables and their interactions with OPRM1 genotype as predictors of AUD diagnosis while controlling for age and sex. RESULTS Case-control comparisons showed that the proportion of youth with an AUD (n = 18) significantly differed by genotype such that 33.3% of G allele carriers met criteria for an AUD compared to 10.8% of youth who were homozygous for the A allele (p = 0.006). The OPRM1 × parental monitoring (odds ratio = 0.16) and OPRM1 × deviant peer affiliation (odds ratio = 7.64) interactions were significant predictors of AUD risk, such that G allele carriers with high levels of deviant peer affiliation or lower levels of parental monitoring had the greatest likelihood of developing an AUD (p-values <0.01). CONCLUSIONS This study provides initial evidence that the association between the A118G SNP of the OPRM1 gene and risk of AUDs is moderated by modifiable factors. These results are limited, however, by the small sample size and require replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Miranda
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA.
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Ewing SWF, Mead HK, Yezhuvath U, DeWitt S, Hutchison KE, Filbey FM. A preliminary examination of how serotonergic polymorphisms influence brain response following an adolescent cannabis intervention. Psychiatry Res 2012; 204:112-6. [PMID: 23217578 PMCID: PMC3544473 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2012.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2012] [Revised: 10/04/2012] [Accepted: 10/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Given the link between depression, anxiety, and cannabis abuse, a serotonin receptor (rs6311) and transporter polymorphism (rs2020936) were examined as moderators of neural response as measured by functional magnetic resonance imaging following a psychosocial treatment for cannabis use disorders (CUDs). While the proposed hypotheses were unsupported, we found that the rs6311 C allele was significantly related to brain activation (medial frontal gyrus, precuneus), indicating the role of this serotonin receptor in adolescent treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah W. Feldstein Ewing
- University Honors/University of New Mexico Center on Alcohol and Substance Abuse Addictions (UNM CASAA), 1 University of New Mexico, MSC06 3890, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
,Corresponding author telephone: +1-505-277-4211, fax: +1-505-277-4271,
| | - Hilary K. Mead
- Seattle Children’s Hospital, Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, 4800 Sand Point Way NE Seattle, WA, 98105, USA
| | | | - Sam DeWitt
- Center for Brain Health, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, 2200 West Mockingbird Lane, Dallas, TX 75235, USA
| | - Kent E. Hutchison
- The University of Colorado at Boulder, Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Muenzinger D244, 345 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309-0345 USA
| | - Francesca M. Filbey
- Center for Brain Health, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, 2200 West Mockingbird Lane, Dallas, TX 75235, USA
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Osmundson TW, Eyre CA, Hayden KM, Dhillon J, Garbelotto MM. Back to basics: an evaluation of NaOH and alternative rapid DNA extraction protocols for DNA barcoding, genotyping, and disease diagnostics from fungal and oomycete samples. Mol Ecol Resour 2012; 13:66-74. [PMID: 23121735 DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.12031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2012] [Revised: 09/14/2012] [Accepted: 09/24/2012] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The ubiquity, high diversity and often-cryptic manifestations of fungi and oomycetes frequently necessitate molecular tools for detecting and identifying them in the environment. In applications including DNA barcoding, pathogen detection from plant samples, and genotyping for population genetics and epidemiology, rapid and dependable DNA extraction methods scalable from one to hundreds of samples are desirable. We evaluated several rapid extraction methods (NaOH, Rapid one-step extraction (ROSE), Chelex 100, proteinase K) for their ability to obtain DNA of quantity and quality suitable for the following applications: PCR amplification of the multicopy barcoding locus ITS1/5.8S/ITS2 from various fungal cultures and sporocarps; single-copy microsatellite amplification from cultures of the phytopathogenic oomycete Phytophthora ramorum; probe-based P. ramorum detection from leaves. Several methods were effective for most of the applications, with NaOH extraction favored in terms of success rate, cost, speed and simplicity. Frozen dilutions of ROSE and NaOH extracts maintained PCR viability for over 32 months. DNA from rapid extractions performed poorly compared to CTAB/phenol-chloroform extracts for TaqMan diagnostics from tanoak leaves, suggesting that incomplete removal of PCR inhibitors is an issue for sensitive diagnostic procedures, especially from plants with recalcitrant leaf chemistry. NaOH extracts exhibited lower yield and size than CTAB/phenol-chloroform extracts; however, NaOH extraction facilitated obtaining clean sequence data from sporocarps contaminated by other fungi, perhaps due to dilution resulting from low DNA yield. We conclude that conventional extractions are often unnecessary for routine DNA sequencing or genotyping of fungi and oomycetes, and recommend simpler strategies where source materials and intended applications warrant such use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd W Osmundson
- Forest Pathology and Mycology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Science, Policy & Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
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Mota AJ, Brüggemann S, Costa FF. MODY 2: mutation identification and molecular ancestry in a Brazilian family. Gene 2012; 512:486-91. [PMID: 23085272 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2012.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2012] [Revised: 09/17/2012] [Accepted: 10/10/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Maturity Onset Diabetes of the Young (MODY) is a heterogeneous group of genetic diseases characterized by a primary defect in insulin secretion and hyperglycemia, non-ketotic disease, monogenic autosomal dominant mode of inheritance, age at onset less than 25 years, and lack of auto-antibodies. It accounts for 2-5% of all cases of non-type 1 diabetes. MODY subtype 2 is caused by mutations in the glucokinase (GCK) gene. In this study, we sequenced the GCK gene of two volunteers with clinical diagnosis for MODY2 and we were able to identify four mutations including one for a premature stop codon (c.76C>T). Based on these results, we have developed a specific PCR-RFLP assay to detect this mutation and tested 122 related volunteers from the same family. This mutation in the GCK gene was detected in 21 additional subjects who also had the clinical features of this genetic disease. In conclusion, we identified new GCK gene mutations in a Brazilian family of Italian descendance, with one due to a premature stop codon located in the second exon of the gene. We also developed a specific assay that is fast, cheap and reliable to detect this mutation. Finally, we built a molecular ancestry model based on our results for the migration of individuals carrying this genetic mutation from Northern Italy to Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adolfo J Mota
- Departamento de Biociências e Diagnóstico Oral, Faculdade de Odontologia de São José dos Campos, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil.
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Schacht JP, Hutchison KE, Filbey FM. Associations between cannabinoid receptor-1 (CNR1) variation and hippocampus and amygdala volumes in heavy cannabis users. Neuropsychopharmacology 2012; 37:2368-76. [PMID: 22669173 PMCID: PMC3442352 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2012.92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Heavy cannabis users display smaller amygdalae and hippocampi than controls, and genetic variation accounts for a large proportion of variance in liability to cannabis dependence (CD). A single nucleotide polymorphism in the cannabis receptor-1 gene (CNR1), rs2023239, has been associated with CD diagnosis and intermediate phenotypes, including abstinence-induced withdrawal, cue-elicited craving, and parahippocampal activation to cannabis cues. This study compared hippocampal and amygdalar volumes (potential CD intermediate phenotypes) between heavy cannabis users and healthy controls, and analyzed interactions between group, rs2023239 variation, and the volumes of these structures. Ninety-four heavy cannabis users participated, of whom 37 (14 men, 23 women; mean age=27.8) were matched to 37 healthy controls (14 men, 23 women; mean age=27.3) for case-control analyses. Controlling for total intracranial volume and other confounding variables, matched cannabis users had smaller bilateral hippocampi (left, p=0.002; right, p=0.001) and left amygdalae (p=0.01) than controls. When genotype was considered in the case-control analyses, there was a group by genotype interaction, such that the rs2023239 G allele predicted lower volume of bilateral hippocampi among cannabis users relative to controls (both p<0.001). This interaction persisted when all 94 cannabis users were compared to controls. There were no group by genotype interactions on amygdalar volume. These data replicate previous findings of reduced hippocampal and amygdalar volume among heavy cannabis users, and suggest that CNR1 rs2023239 variation may predispose smaller hippocampal volume after heavy cannabis use. This association should be tested in future studies of brain volume differences in CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph P Schacht
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
| | - Kent E Hutchison
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA,Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Francesca M Filbey
- School of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA
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Ashenhurst JR, Bujarski S, Ray LA. Delta and kappa opioid receptor polymorphisms influence the effects of naltrexone on subjective responses to alcohol. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2012; 103:253-9. [PMID: 22954510 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2012.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2012] [Revised: 08/17/2012] [Accepted: 08/21/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Naltrexone, one of four FDA-approved pharmacotherapies for alcohol dependence, has shown moderate efficacy in clinical trials. Pharmacogenetic effects have been reported such that allelic variation at the gene encoding the mu-opioid receptor (OPRM1, rs1799971) predicts naltrexone-induced blunting of the positively reinforcing effects of alcohol. However, naltrexone also binds, albeit to a lesser degree, to kappa and delta opioid receptors in the brain. This alternate binding presents the possibility that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the kappa and delta opioid receptor (OPRK1 and OPRD1) genes may contribute to naltrexone pharmacogenetics. Therefore, the goal of this exploratory study was to re-examine data from a double-blind placebo controlled laboratory trial of naltrexone for pharmacogenetic effects at kappa and delta opioid receptor tag SNPs. Participants were 40 heavy drinkers (12 female) who underwent an intravenous alcohol challenge paradigm after receiving naltrexone (50mg) or placebo in randomized and crossover fashion. Dependent variables were self-reported alcohol-induced stimulation, sedation, and craving. Multilevel models revealed a significant Naltrexone×OPRK1 Genotype (rs997917) interaction predicting alcohol-induced sedation, such that TT homozygotes reported lower naltrexone-induced alcohol sedation as compared to carriers of the C allele. Moreover, there was a significant Naltrexone×OPRD1 Genotype (rs4654327) interaction predicting alcohol-induced stimulation and craving, such that carriers of the A allele at this locus reported greater naltrexone-induced blunting of alcohol stimulation and alcohol craving compared to GG homozygotes. These findings suggest that additional pharmacogenetic effects in the opioid receptor system may account for individual differences in response to naltrexone in the human laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R Ashenhurst
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
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Anthoni H, Sucheston LE, Lewis BA, Tapia-Páez I, Fan X, Zucchelli M, Taipale M, Stein CM, Hokkanen ME, Castrén E, Pennington BF, Smith SD, Olson RK, Tomblin JB, Schulte-Körne G, Nöthen M, Schumacher J, Müller-Myhsok B, Hoffmann P, Gilger JW, Hynd GW, Nopola-Hemmi J, Leppanen PHT, Lyytinen H, Schoumans J, Nordenskjöld M, Spencer J, Stanic D, Boon WC, Simpson E, Mäkelä S, Gustafsson JÅ, Peyrard-Janvid M, Iyengar S, Kere J. The aromatase gene CYP19A1: several genetic and functional lines of evidence supporting a role in reading, speech and language. Behav Genet 2012; 42:509-27. [PMID: 22426781 PMCID: PMC3375077 DOI: 10.1007/s10519-012-9532-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2011] [Accepted: 02/11/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Inspired by the localization, on 15q21.2 of the CYP19A1 gene in the linkage region of speech and language disorders, and a rare translocation in a dyslexic individual that was brought to our attention, we conducted a series of studies on the properties of CYP19A1 as a candidate gene for dyslexia and related conditions. The aromatase enzyme is a member of the cytochrome P450 super family, and it serves several key functions: it catalyzes the conversion of androgens into estrogens; during early mammalian development it controls the differentiation of specific brain areas (e.g. local estrogen synthesis in the hippocampus regulates synaptic plasticity and axonal growth); it is involved in sexual differentiation of the brain; and in songbirds and teleost fishes, it regulates vocalization. Our results suggest that variations in CYP19A1 are associated with dyslexia as a categorical trait and with quantitative measures of language and speech, such as reading, vocabulary, phonological processing and oral motor skills. Variations near the vicinity of its brain promoter region altered transcription factor binding, suggesting a regulatory role in CYP19A1 expression. CYP19A1 expression in human brain correlated with the expression of dyslexia susceptibility genes such as DYX1C1 and ROBO1. Aromatase-deficient mice displayed increased cortical neuronal density and occasional cortical heterotopias, also observed in Robo1-/- mice and human dyslexic brains, respectively. An aromatase inhibitor reduced dendritic growth in cultured rat neurons. From this broad set of evidence, we propose CYP19A1 as a candidate gene for human cognitive functions implicated in reading, speech and language.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Anthoni
- Department of Medical Genetics, Biomedicum, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lara E. Sucheston
- Department of Biostatistics, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214-3000 USA
| | - Barbara A. Lewis
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA
| | - Isabel Tapia-Páez
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, 141 83 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Xiaotang Fan
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, 141 83 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Marco Zucchelli
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, 141 83 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Mikko Taipale
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Nine Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142-1479 USA
| | - Catherine M. Stein
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA
| | | | - Eero Castrén
- Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Shelley D. Smith
- Munroe Meyer Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5450 USA
| | - Richard K. Olson
- Department of Psychology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO USA
| | - J. Bruce Tomblin
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA
| | - Gerd Schulte-Körne
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Markus Nöthen
- Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Centre, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, Biomedical Centre, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Johannes Schumacher
- Institute of Human Genetics, Biomedical Centre, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Per Hoffmann
- Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Centre, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, Biomedical Centre, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Jeffrey W. Gilger
- Psychological Sciences, University of California, Merced, CA 95343 USA
| | - George W. Hynd
- Department of Psychology, College of Charleston, 66 George Street, Charleston, SC 29424 USA
| | - Jaana Nopola-Hemmi
- Division of Child Neurology, Department of Gynecology and Pediatrics, HUCH, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Heikki Lyytinen
- Department of Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Jacqueline Schoumans
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Magnus Nordenskjöld
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jason Spencer
- Howard Florey Institute, Parkville, VIC 3010 Australia
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800 Australia
| | - Davor Stanic
- Howard Florey Institute, Parkville, VIC 3010 Australia
- Centre for Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010 Australia
| | - Wah Chin Boon
- Howard Florey Institute, Parkville, VIC 3010 Australia
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800 Australia
- Centre for Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010 Australia
- Prince Henry’s Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC 3168 Australia
| | - Evan Simpson
- Prince Henry’s Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC 3168 Australia
| | - Sari Mäkelä
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Jan-Åke Gustafsson
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, 141 83 Huddinge, Sweden
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204-5056 USA
| | - Myriam Peyrard-Janvid
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, 141 83 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Sudha Iyengar
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA
| | - Juha Kere
- Department of Medical Genetics, Biomedicum, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, 141 83 Huddinge, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, 141 83 Huddinge, Sweden
- Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65 Solna, Sweden
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Zeigler-Johnson C, Weber A, Spangler E, Panossian S, Rebbeck TR, Malkowicz SB. Relationship of obesity, androgen receptor genotypes and biochemical failure after radical prostatectomy. Prostate 2012; 72:984-90. [PMID: 22025404 DOI: 10.1002/pros.21503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2011] [Accepted: 09/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity and androgen metabolism have been implicated in the progression of prostate cancer. Obesity has been associated with increased risk for advanced disease and biochemical failure after treatment. This association may be the result of changes in androgen metabolism that occur with obesity and are mediated by the androgen receptor (AR). METHODS To evaluate the effects of obesity and AR polymorphisms on biochemical failure, we conducted a study of 536 Caucasian prostate cancer cases. We determined the relationship between time to biochemical failure and obesity stratified by short and long AR-CAG and AR-GGN repeat sequence. The AR repeat groups were dichotomized at the median number of repeats for each polymorphism. RESULTS An association was found for obesity in the short CAG group (HR = 3.45, 95% CI = 1.00-11.96). Among obese patients diagnosed with localized disease (T1/T2), the risk of biochemical failure was significantly higher (HR = 7.05, 95% CI = 1.55-32.06). No difference was observed for high stage (T3/T4) obese patients. Additionally, no differences in biochemical failure were observed in obese and non-obese men grouped by number of AR-GGN repeats. CONCLUSIONS Obesity is significantly associated with increased risk of biochemical failure in men with the high-risk short CAG sequence on the AR gene. This effect is not observed in men with long CAG repeats. Therefore, it appears that the relationship between biochemical failure and obesity may be modified by the AR-CAG repeat pattern. The short AR-CAG genotype may be more responsive to an altered hormonal milieu created by obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charnita Zeigler-Johnson
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6021, USA.
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Jonas DE, Wilt TJ, Taylor BC, Wilkins TM, Matchar DB. Chapter 11: challenges in and principles for conducting systematic reviews of genetic tests used as predictive indicators. J Gen Intern Med 2012; 27 Suppl 1:S83-93. [PMID: 22648679 PMCID: PMC3364361 DOI: 10.1007/s11606-011-1898-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we discuss common challenges in and principles for conducting systematic reviews of genetic tests. The types of genetic tests discussed are those used to 1). determine risk or susceptibility in asymptomatic individuals; 2). reveal prognostic information to guide clinical management in those with a condition; or 3). predict response to treatments or environmental factors. This paper is not intended to provide comprehensive guidance on evaluating all genetic tests. Rather, it focuses on issues that have been of particular concern to analysts and stakeholders and on areas that are of particular relevance for the evaluation of studies of genetic tests. The key points include: The general principles that apply in evaluating genetic tests are similar to those for other prognostic or predictive tests, but there are differences in how the principles need to be applied or the degree to which certain issues are relevant. A clear definition of the clinical scenario and an analytic framework is important when evaluating any test, including genetic tests. Organizing frameworks and analytic frameworks are useful constructs for approaching the evaluation of genetic tests. In constructing an analytic framework for evaluating a genetic test, analysts should consider preanalytic, analytic, and postanalytic factors; such factors are useful when assessing analytic validity. Predictive genetic tests are generally characterized by a delayed time between testing and clinically important events. Finding published information on the analytic validity of some genetic tests may be difficult. Web sites (FDA or diagnostic companies) and gray literature may be important sources. In situations where clinical factors associated with risk are well characterized, comparative effectiveness reviews should assess the added value of using genetic testing along with known factors compared with using the known factors alone. For genome-wide association studies, reviewers should determine whether the association has been validated in multiple studies to minimize both potential confounding and publication bias. In addition, reviewers should note whether appropriate adjustments for multiple comparisons were used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel E Jonas
- Department of Medicine, Cecil G. Sheps Center for Health Services Research, and Institute for Pharmacogenomics and Individualized Therapy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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Abraham JE, Maranian MJ, Spiteri I, Russell R, Ingle S, Luccarini C, Earl HM, Pharoah PPD, Dunning AM, Caldas C. Saliva samples are a viable alternative to blood samples as a source of DNA for high throughput genotyping. BMC Med Genomics 2012; 5:19. [PMID: 22647440 PMCID: PMC3497576 DOI: 10.1186/1755-8794-5-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2011] [Accepted: 05/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The increasing trend for incorporation of biological sample collection within clinical trials requires sample collection procedures which are convenient and acceptable for both patients and clinicians. This study investigated the feasibility of using saliva-extracted DNA in comparison to blood-derived DNA, across two genotyping platforms: Applied Biosystems Taqman™ and Illumina Beadchip™ genome-wide arrays. METHOD Patients were recruited from the Pharmacogenetics of Breast Cancer Chemotherapy (PGSNPS) study. Paired blood and saliva samples were collected from 79 study participants. The Oragene DNA Self-Collection kit (DNAgenotek®) was used to collect and extract DNA from saliva. DNA from EDTA blood samples (median volume 8 ml) was extracted by Gen-Probe, Livingstone, UK. DNA yields, standard measures of DNA quality, genotype call rates and genotype concordance between paired, duplicated samples were assessed. RESULTS Total DNA yields were lower from saliva (mean 24 μg, range 0.2-52 μg) than from blood (mean 210 μg, range 58-577 μg) and a 2-fold difference remained after adjusting for the volume of biological material collected. Protein contamination and DNA fragmentation measures were greater in saliva DNA. 78/79 saliva samples yielded sufficient DNA for use on Illumina Beadchip arrays and using Taqman assays. Four samples were randomly selected for genotyping in duplicate on the Illumina Beadchip arrays. All samples were genotyped using Taqman assays. DNA quality, as assessed by genotype call rates and genotype concordance between matched pairs of DNA was high (>97%) for each measure in both blood and saliva-derived DNA. CONCLUSION We conclude that DNA from saliva and blood samples is comparable when genotyping using either Taqman assays or genome-wide chip arrays. Saliva sampling has the potential to increase participant recruitment within clinical trials, as well as reducing the resources and organisation required for multicentre sample collection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean E Abraham
- Department of Oncology and Strangeway's Research Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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Gallagher ML, Sturchio C, Smith A, Koontz D, Jenkins MM, Honein MA, Rasmussen SA. Evaluation of mailed pediatric buccal cytobrushes for use in a case-control study of birth defects. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 91:642-8. [PMID: 21630425 DOI: 10.1002/bdra.20829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2011] [Revised: 03/15/2011] [Accepted: 03/16/2011] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Buccal cell collection is a convenient DNA collection method; however, little attention has been given to the quality of DNA obtained from pediatric populations. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of a modified cytobrush collection method on the yield and quality of infant buccal DNA collected as part of a population-based case-control study of birth defects. METHODS Cytobrushes were collected from infants, mothers, and fathers using a standard collection method in 1997 to 2003 and a modified protocol that allows air-drying of the cytobrushes after collection from 2003 to the present. Yield and quality of DNA from 1057 cytobrushes was assessed by quantitative PCR and short tandem repeat (STR) genotyping, respectively. RESULTS Air-dried cytobrushes from infants had higher median DNA yields (1300 ng) and STR completion rates (99.5%) than standard collection method cytobrushes (60 ng and 59.5%, respectively). A subset of DNA aliquots was genotyped for six single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Aliquots from both collection methods that passed the quality protocol (DNA concentration >1 ng/μl, and successful amplification of ≥1 STR) had high genotype completion rates (99-100%). The median DNA yield following whole genome amplification was more than twofold higher for air-dried than standard collection specimens (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Yield and quality of buccal DNA collected from infants are improved by using a method that incorporates air-drying; however, DNA collected by both methods is suitable for genotyping if stringent quality control procedures are instituted. These findings may be helpful for future epidemiologic studies of birth defects and other adverse pediatric outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret L Gallagher
- National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
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Barnholtz-Sloan JS, Guan X, Zeigler-Johnson C, Meropol NJ, Rebbeck TR. Decision tree-based modeling of androgen pathway genes and prostate cancer risk. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2011; 20:1146-55. [PMID: 21493872 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-10-0996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inherited variability in genes that influence androgen metabolism has been associated with risk of prostate cancer. The objective of this analysis was to evaluate interactions for prostate cancer risk by using classification and regression tree (CART) models (i.e., decision trees), and to evaluate whether these interactive effects add information about prostate cancer risk prediction beyond that of "traditional" risk factors. METHODS We compared CART models with traditional logistic regression (LR) models for associations of factors with prostate cancer risk using 1,084 prostate cancer cases and 941 controls. All analyses were stratified by race. We used unconditional LR to complement and compare with the race-stratified CART results using the area under curve (AUC) for the receiver operating characteristic curves. RESULTS The CART modeling of prostate cancer risk showed different interaction profiles by race. For European Americans, interactions among CYP3A43 genotype, history of benign prostate hypertrophy, family history of prostate cancer, and age at consent revealed a distinct hierarchy of gene-environment and gene-gene interactions, whereas for African Americans, interactions among family history of prostate cancer, individual proportion of European ancestry, number of GGC androgen receptor repeats, and CYP3A4/CYP3A5 haplotype revealed distinct interaction effects from those found in European Americans. For European Americans, the CART model had the highest AUC whereas for African Americans, the LR model with the CART discovered factors had the largest AUC. CONCLUSION AND IMPACT These results provide new insight into underlying prostate cancer biology for European Americans and African Americans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill S Barnholtz-Sloan
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106-5065, USA.
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Lehmann AS, Haas DM, McCormick CL, Skaar TC, Renbarger JL. Collection of human genomic DNA from neonates: a comparison between umbilical cord blood and buccal swabs. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2011; 204:362.e1-6. [PMID: 21324432 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2010.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2010] [Revised: 11/16/2010] [Accepted: 12/06/2010] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare DNA yield from neonatal umbilical cord blood and buccal swab specimens. STUDY DESIGN Umbilical cord blood was obtained at birth in a cohort of women enrolled in a preterm labor study. If cord blood was not obtained, neonatal buccal samples were obtained using the Oragene saliva kits. DNA was extracted from all samples using the QIAamp extraction kits. DNA concentration and yield were compared between umbilical cord blood and buccal swabs. RESULTS DNA concentrations from umbilical cord blood (n = 35) was greater than that obtained from buccal swabs (n = 20) (total sample: 209.0 ± 110.7 ng/μL vs 6.9 ± 6.7 ng/μL respectively, P < .001; partial sample: n = 30 cord blood vs n = 11 buccal, 70.0 ± 51.4 ng/μL vs 11.3 ± 6.7 ng/μL, respectively, P < .001) and produced more total DNA (total sample: 116.5 ± 70.8 μg vs 4.2 ± 4.0 μg, P < .001; partial:14.0 ± 10.3 μg vs 1.1 ± 0.7 μg, respectively, P < .001). CONCLUSION Buccal swabs yield less neonatal DNA than umbilical cord blood specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amalia S Lehmann
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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DNA amplification using phi29 DNA polymerase validates gene polymorphism analysis from buccal mucosa samples. J Prosthodont Res 2011; 55:165-70. [PMID: 21296640 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpor.2010.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2010] [Revised: 11/15/2010] [Accepted: 12/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Venous blood is currently the most common source of DNA for gene polymorphism screening; however, blood sampling is invasive and difficult to perform in general dental treatment. Buccal mucosa samples provide an alternative source of DNA, but it is frequently difficult to effectively amplify the DNA owing to the small amounts of sample material obtained. This study was performed to establish a method for performing total genomic DNA amplification from buccal mucosa samples using phi29 DNA polymerase. Total genomic DNA was isolated from buccal mucosa samples obtained from healthy subjects and was amplified using phi29 DNA polymerase. To determine the suitability of the extracted DNA for genotyping, polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism analyses were performed for the IL-1 gene polymorphism. Genotyping of the IL-1 polymorphism was successful using the amplified DNA from a buccal mucosa, but genotyping was unsuccessful using the unamplified control because of low DNA purity. The method of extracting DNA from a buccal mucosa is painless, simple, minimally invasive, and rapid. Genomic DNA from a buccal mucosa can be amplified by phi29 DNA polymerase in sufficient quantity and quality to conduct gene polymorphism analyses.
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Rebbeck TR, Weber AL, Walker AH, Stefflova K, Tran TV, Spangler E, Chang BL, Zeigler-Johnson CM. Context-dependent effects of genome-wide association study genotypes and macroenvironment on time to biochemical (prostate specific antigen) failure after prostatectomy. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2011; 19:2115-23. [PMID: 20826827 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-10-0173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disparities in cancer defined by race, age, or gender are well established. However, demographic metrics are surrogates for the complex contributions of genotypes, exposures, health care, socioeconomic and sociocultural environment, and many other factors. Macroenvironmental factors represent novel surrogates for exposures, lifestyle, and other factors that are difficult to measure but might influence cancer outcomes. METHODS We applied a "multilevel molecular epidemiology" approach using a prospective cohort of 444 White prostate cancer cases who underwent prostatectomy and were followed until biochemical failure (BF) or censoring without BF. We applied Cox regression models to test for joint effects of 86 genome-wide association study-identified genotypes and macroenvironment contextual effects after geocoding all cases to their residential census tracts. All analyses were adjusted for age at diagnosis and tumor aggressiveness. RESULTS Residents living in census tracts with a high proportion of older single heads of household, high rates of vacant housing, or high unemployment had shorter time until BF postsurgery after adjustment for patient age and tumor aggressiveness. After correction for multiple testing, genotypes alone did not predict time to BF, but interactions predicting time to BF were observed for MSMB (rs10993994) and percentage of older single heads of households (P = 0.0004), and for HNF1B/TCF2 (rs4430796) and census tract per capita income (P = 0.0002). CONCLUSIONS The context-specific macroenvironmental effects of genotype might improve the ability to identify groups that might experience poor prostate cancer outcomes. IMPACT Risk estimation and clinical translation of genotype information might require an understanding of both individual- and macroenvironment-level context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy R Rebbeck
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, 217 Blockley Hall, 423 Guardian Drive, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6021, USA.
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COMT moderates the relation of daily maladaptive coping and pain in fibromyalgia. Pain 2010; 152:300-307. [PMID: 21130573 DOI: 10.1016/j.pain.2010.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2010] [Revised: 10/19/2010] [Accepted: 10/19/2010] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Forty-five women with fibromyalgia (FM) engaged in a 30-day electronic diary assessment, recording daily ratings of pain and 2 forms of maladaptive coping: pain catastrophizing and pain attention. Participants were genotyped for the val(158)met single nucleotide polymorphism (rs4680) in the catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) gene. COMT genotype moderated the daily relations of both maladaptive coping processes and pain. FM women with the homozygous met/met genotype evidenced more pain on days when pain catastrophizing was elevated relative to heterozygous and homozygous val(158) carriers. FM women with the homozygous met/met genotype evidenced more pain on days when pain attention was elevated relative to those with the homozygous val/val genotype. Evidence is presented to suggest that these are independent effects. The findings provide multimeasure and multimethod support for genetic moderation of a maladaptive coping and pain process, which has been previously characterized in a sample of postoperative shoulder pain patients. Further, the findings advance our understanding of the role of COMT in FM, suggesting that genetic variation in the val(158)met polymorphism may affect FM pain through pathways of pain-related cognition. This study examined 2 forms of maladaptive coping: pain catastrophizing and pain attention. The findings provide multimeasure and multimethod support for genetic moderation of a maladaptive coping and pain process and suggest that genetic variation in the val(158)met polymorphism may affect fibromyalgia pain through pathways of pain-related cognition.
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Finan PH, Zautra AJ, Davis MC, Lemery-Chalfant K, Covault J, Tennen H. Genetic influences on the dynamics of pain and affect in fibromyalgia. Health Psychol 2010; 29:134-42. [PMID: 20230086 DOI: 10.1037/a0018647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of the present investigation was to determine if variation in the catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) and mu-opioid receptor (OPRM1) genes is associated with pain-related positive affective regulation in fibromyalgia (FM). DESIGN Forty-six female patients with FM completed an electronic diary that included daily assessments of positive affect and pain. Between- and within-person analyses were conducted with multilevel modeling. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Daily positive affect was the primary outcome measure. RESULTS Analyses revealed a significant gene x experience interaction for COMT, such that individuals with met/met genotype experienced a greater decline in positive affect on days when pain was elevated than did either val/met or val/val individuals. This finding supports a role for catecholamines in positive affective reactivity to FM pain. A gene x experience interaction for OPRM1 also emerged, indicating that individuals with at least one asp allele maintained greater positive affect despite elevations in daily pain than those homozygous for the asn allele. This finding may be explained by the asp allele's role in reward processing. CONCLUSIONS Together, the findings offer researchers ample reason to further investigate the contribution of the catecholamine and opioid systems, and their associated genomic variants, to the still poorly understood experience of FM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick H Finan
- Arizona State University, Dept. of Psychology, Tempe, AZ 85287-1104, USA.
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Ray LA, Hutchison KE, Ashenhurst JR, Morrow AL. Naltrexone selectively elevates GABAergic neuroactive steroid levels in heavy drinkers with the Asp40 allele of the OPRM1 gene: a pilot investigation. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2010; 34:1479-87. [PMID: 20528823 DOI: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2010.01233.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preclinical studies have implicated GABAergic neurosteroids in behavioral responses to alcohol. Naltrexone is thought to blunt the reinforcing effects of alcohol, and a few studies have found that the effects of naltrexone are moderated by the Asn40Asp polymorphisms of the OPRM1 gene. The present study seeks to integrate these lines of research by testing (i) the moderating role of the functional Asn40Asp polymorphism of the OPRM1 gene on naltrexone-induced alternations in GABAergic neurosteroid levels, namely (3alpha,5alpha)-3-hydroxypregnan-20-one (allopregnanolone, ALLO); and (ii) the combined effects of naltrexone or genotype with alcohol administration on neurosteroid levels in a sample of at-risk drinkers. METHODS Participants were 32 (9 females) nontreatment-seeking heavy drinkers who completed a placebo-controlled laboratory study of naltrexone (50 mg/d for 3 days) and provided complete sets of serum samples for ALLO assays before and after alcohol administration under both naltrexone and placebo conditions. RESULTS Naltrexone treatment raised ALLO levels among carriers of the Asp40 allele, but not homozygotes for the Asn40 allele. The Asn40Asp polymorphism did not moderate effects of naltrexone on cortisol levels. Ethanol infusion modestly reduced ALLO levels in all subjects, independent of genotype or naltrexone exposure. CONCLUSIONS Naltrexone increased ALLO levels among individuals with the Asn40Asp allele suggesting a potential neurosteroid contribution to the neuropharmacological effects of naltrexone among Asp40 carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara A Ray
- Department of Psychology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095-1563, USA.
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Hearn RP, Arblaster KE. DNA extraction techniques for use in education. BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY EDUCATION : A BIMONTHLY PUBLICATION OF THE INTERNATIONAL UNION OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2010; 38:161-166. [PMID: 21567818 DOI: 10.1002/bmb.20351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
DNA extraction provides a hands-on introduction to DNA and enables students to gain real life experience and practical knowledge of DNA. Students gain a sense of ownership and are more enthusiastic when they use their own DNA. A cost effective, simple protocol for DNA extraction and visualization was devised. Buccal mucosal epithelia provide a readily available source of cells for DNA extraction and can be harvested in a painless, noninvasive manner. Seven criteria were established to evaluate the protocol: Safety, DNA yield, DNA quality/stability, cost, user friendliness, reliability, and time. To identify the optimum conditions for each stage of the protocol (cell harvest, lysis, purification, and precipitation), each was investigated separately, and an adaptation of the fast-boiling protocol was used for the remaining stages. A validation study was undertaken with the optimized protocol to assess its performance when conducted by a group of students in a classroom setting. The optimum protocol used an isotonic Lucozade Hydro Active Fitness Water (HAFW) mouthwash. Lysis was achieved using a TE (10 mM Tris-HCl, 1 mM EDTA, pH 8) + 1% Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate (SDS) buffer. Protein was then digested using Proteinase K (Qiagen Inc., UK) at 56°C for 10 min. The DNA was then precipitated with sodium chloride and absolute ethanol. This protocol achieved an increase in DNA yield using readily available equipment and reagents at a lower per capita cost and is simple to use.
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Affiliation(s)
- R P Hearn
- Institute of Cell and Molecular Biosciences, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK.
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Pardiñas AF, Dopico E, Roca A, Garcia-Vazquez E, Lopez B. Introducing human population biology through an easy laboratory exercise on mitochondrial DNA. BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY EDUCATION : A BIMONTHLY PUBLICATION OF THE INTERNATIONAL UNION OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2010; 38:110-115. [PMID: 21567805 DOI: 10.1002/bmb.20365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
This article describes an easy and cheap laboratory exercise for students to discover their own mitochondrial haplogroup. Students use buccal swabs to obtain mucosa cells as noninvasive tissue samples, extract DNA, and with a simple polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis they can obtain DNA fragments of different sizes that can be visualized in agarose gels. The analysis of these fragments can reveal the mitochondrial haplogroup of each student. The results of the exercise can be used to provide additional insights into the genetic variation of human populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio F Pardiñas
- Departamento de Biología de Organismos y Sistemas, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
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Abstract
As previous work has highlighted the significance of the cannabinoid receptor 1 (CNR1) and fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) genes with respect to cannabis dependence (CD), this study sought to characterize the neural mechanisms that underlie these genetic effects. To this end, we collected DNA samples and fMRI data using a cue-elicited craving paradigm in thirty-seven 3-day-abstinent regular marijuana users. The participants were grouped according to their genotype on two single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) earlier associated with CD phenotypes: rs2023239 in CNR1 and rs324420 in FAAH. Between-group comparisons showed that carriers of the CNR1 rs2023239 G allele had significantly greater activity in reward-related areas of the brain, such as the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), and anterior cingulate gyrus (ACG), during exposure to marijuana cues, as compared with those with the A/A genotype for this SNP. The FAAH group contrasts showed that FAAH rs324420 C homozygotes also had greater activation in widespread areas within the reward circuit, specifically in the OFC, ACG, and nucleus accumbens (NAc), as compared with the FAAH A-allele carriers. Moreover, there was a positive correlation between neural response in OFC and NAc and the total number of risk alleles (cluster-corrected p<0.05). These findings are in accord with earlier reported associations between CNR1 and FAAH and CD intermediate phenotypes, and suggest that the underlying mechanism of these genetic effects may be enhanced neural response in reward areas of the brain in carriers of the CNR1 G allele and FAAH C/C genotype in response to marijuana cues.
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Carpi FM, Vincenzetti S, Micozzi D, Vita A, Napolioni V. PCR-based methods for CDA K27Q and A70T genotyping: genotypes and alleles distribution in a central Italy population. Mol Biol Rep 2009; 37:3363-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-009-9923-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2009] [Accepted: 11/16/2009] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Stefflova K, Dulik MC, Pai AA, Walker AH, Zeigler-Johnson CM, Gueye SM, Schurr TG, Rebbeck TR. Evaluation of group genetic ancestry of populations from Philadelphia and Dakar in the context of sex-biased admixture in the Americas. PLoS One 2009; 4:e7842. [PMID: 19946364 PMCID: PMC2776971 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0007842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2009] [Accepted: 10/15/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Population history can be reflected in group genetic ancestry, where genomic variation captured by the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and non-recombining portion of the Y chromosome (NRY) can separate female- and male-specific admixture processes. Genetic ancestry may influence genetic association studies due to differences in individual admixture within recently admixed populations like African Americans. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We evaluated the genetic ancestry of Senegalese as well as European Americans and African Americans from Philadelphia. Senegalese mtDNA consisted of approximately 12% U haplotypes (U6 and U5b1b haplotypes, common in North Africa) while the NRY haplotypes belonged solely to haplogroup E. In Philadelphia, we observed varying degrees of admixture. While African Americans have 9-10% mtDNAs and approximately 31% NRYs of European origin, these results are not mirrored in the mtDNA/NRY pools of European Americans: they have less than 7% mtDNAs and less than 2% NRYs from non-European sources. Additionally, there is <2% Native American contribution to Philadelphian African American ancestry and the admixture from combined mtDNA/NRY estimates is consistent with the admixture derived from autosomal genetic data. To further dissect these estimates, we have analyzed our samples in the context of different demographic groups in the Americas. CONCLUSIONS We found that sex-biased admixture in African-derived populations is present throughout the Americas, with continual influence of European males, while Native American females contribute mainly to populations of the Caribbean and South America. The high non-European female contribution to the pool of European-derived populations is consistently characteristic of Iberian colonization. These data suggest that genomic data correlate well with historical records of colonization in the Americas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klara Stefflova
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America.
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Development and validation of the high-quality 'rapid method for swab' to genotype the HTTLPR serotonin transporter (SLC6A4) promoter polymorphism. Psychiatr Genet 2009; 19:72-82. [PMID: 19668112 DOI: 10.1097/ypg.0b013e3283208091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The importance of genetic variation to the etiology of neuropsychiatric disorders is well established and is currently being examined for diagnosis and treatment. The most popular method of obtaining material for genotype analysis, high-yielding DNA extraction from blood, has several limitations, including invasiveness, need for skilled individuals to collect material, and requirement for cold storage. Saliva sampling is noninvasive and trained personnel are less necessary, but it still requires a relatively high level of subject compliance. Buccal mucosa cells sampling is almost completely noninvasive, reducing compliance issues significantly. Samples collected have been shown to produce usable DNA after shipment through conventional mail. The DNA produced by rapid elution of these swabs in chaotropic buffers is, however, of limited quality and low purity. OBJECTIVE Our aim was to develop a rapid, economical, and environmentally safe method for extraction of high-quality genomic DNA, which can be used to determine clinically important genotypes from trace quantity samples and which has sufficient yield for multiple assays. METHODS We developed a method of extracting high-quality genomic DNA from buccal swab, which we termed the 'rapid method for swab' (RMS). We compared RMS with two established procedures, specifically the original rapid method and the commercially available Buccal Amp method. We assessed the generated genomic DNAs by their (i) quality, (ii) quantity, (iii) restriction enzyme digestibility, and (iv) PCR-based genotyping in addition to time, cost, and environmental impact of the procedures. MAIN RESULTS DNA generated by RMS was of higher purity than that by Buccal Amp. RMS is nonenzymatic and does not use strong chaotropic salts or extreme pH. We also showed the suitability of RMS-DNA for LA/LG genotyping as generated by PCR using 7-deaza-dGTP. CONCLUSION The RMS procedure is novel, efficient, safe, and yields sufficient material for multiple genotyping analyses. The RMS produces DNA of high quality from a single human buccal swab. RMS is a noninvasive technique and particularly suitable for children and older individuals and in field collection settings.
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Miranda R, Ray L, Justus A, Meyerson LA, Knopik VS, McGeary J, Monti PM. Initial evidence of an association between OPRM1 and adolescent alcohol misuse. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2009; 34:112-22. [PMID: 19860800 DOI: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2009.01073.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Considerable research efforts have attempted to identify genes associated with alcoholism among adults, yet few studies have examined adolescents. Identifying genes associated with alcohol misuse in youth is important given that the relative contribution of genetic and environmental influences on alcoholism varies across development. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between a polymorphism of the mu-opioid receptor gene (OPRM1) and alcohol misuse in a sample of youth and to test whether heightened sensitivity to the reinforcing effects of alcohol mediated this relationship. METHODS Adolescents (n = 187; mean age = 15.4 years; 47.6% female) were genotyped for A118G (rs1799971), a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of the OPRM1 gene, and assessed for alcohol use disorder (AUD) diagnoses and other psychopathology. Alcohol misuse was also measured continuously to maximize detection of drinking problems in youth. Drinking motives were used to capture the extent to which youth consumed alcohol to enhance positive affect. RESULTS AUD groups differed significantly in terms of allelic distributions of the A118G SNP, such that 51.9% of youth with an AUD carried at least one copy of the G allele compared to 16.3% of non-AUD controls. Those who carried the G allele endorsed drinking to enhance positive affect more strongly than those who were homozygous for the A allele and drinking to enhance positive affect mediated the association between OPRM1 and alcohol-related problems. CONCLUSIONS These data build on findings from adult studies and provide the first evidence that a polymorphism of the OPRM1 receptor gene is associated with the development of early-onset alcohol-related problems during adolescence, in part, by heightening sensitivity to the reinforcing effects of alcohol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Miranda
- Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.
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Mohamadi A, Martari M, Holladay CD, Phillips JA, Mullis PE, Salvatori R. Mutation analysis of the muscarinic cholinergic receptor genes in isolated growth hormone deficiency type IB. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2009; 94:2565-70. [PMID: 19417035 PMCID: PMC2708943 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2009-0512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Isolated GH deficiency (IGHD) is familial in 5-30% of patients. The most frequent form (IGHD-IB) has autosomal recessive inheritance, and it is known that it can be caused by mutations in the GHRH receptor (GHRHR) gene or in the GH gene. However, most forms of IGHD-IB have an unknown genetic cause. In normal subjects, muscarinic cholinergic stimulation causes an increase in pituitary GH release, whereas its blockade has the opposite effect, suggesting that a muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAchR) is involved in stimulating GH secretion. Five types of mAchR (M(1)-M(5)) exist. A transgenic mouse in which the function of the M(3) receptor was selectively ablated in the central nervous system has isolated GH deficiency similar to animals with defective GHRH or GHRHR gene. OBJECTIVE We hypothesized that mAchR mutations may cause a subset of familial IGHD. PATIENTS/METHODS After confirming the expression of M(1)-M(5) receptor mRNA in human hypothalamus, we analyzed the index cases of 39 families with IGHD-IB for mutations in the genes encoding for the five receptors. Coding sequences for each of the five mAchRs were subjected to direct sequencing. RESULTS In one family, an affected member was homozygous for a M(3) change in codon 65 that replaces valine with isoleucine (V65I). The V65I receptor was expressed in CHO cells where it had normal ability to transmit methacholine signaling. CONCLUSION mAchR mutations are absent or rare (less than 2.6%) in familial IGHD type IB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Mohamadi
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA
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Ray LA, Hutchison KE. Associations among GABRG1, level of response to alcohol, and drinking behaviors. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2009; 33:1382-90. [PMID: 19426171 DOI: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2009.00968.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies of the genetics of alcoholism have focused on a cluster of genes encoding for gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA(A)) receptor subunits, which is thought to play a role in the expression of addiction phenotypes. This study examined allelic associations between 2 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the GABRG1 gene (rs1391166 and rs1497571) and alcohol phenotypes, namely level of response to alcohol, alcohol use patterns, and alcohol-related problems. METHOD Participants were non-treatment-seeking seeking hazardous drinkers (n = 124) who provided DNA samples, participated in a face-to-face interview for level of response to alcohol, and completed a series of drinking and individual differences measures. RESULTS Analyses revealed that a SNP of the GABRG1 gene (rs1497571) was associated with level of response to alcohol and drinking patterns in this subclinical sample. Follow-up mediational analyses were also conducted to examine putative mechanisms underlying these associations. DISCUSSION These findings replicate and extend recent research suggesting that genetic variation at the GABRG1 locus may underlie the expression of alcohol phenotypes, including level of response to alcohol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara A Ray
- Department of Psychology, University of California , Los Angeles, California 90095-1563, USA.
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Duncan LE, Hutchison KE, Carey G, Craighead WE. Variation in brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene is associated with symptoms of depression. J Affect Disord 2009; 115:215-9. [PMID: 18842305 PMCID: PMC2696602 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2008.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2008] [Revised: 08/26/2008] [Accepted: 08/26/2008] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is putatively involved in the pathophysiology of depression. This study examined associations between BDNF genotype at the Val66Met locus, depression symptoms, and serum BDNF levels. METHODS Twenty-eight subjects in the primary study (25 female, 3 male) completed diagnostic interviews, self-report questionnaires, and provided blood samples for serum BDNF quantification and buccal cell samples for genotyping. Data from a second sample of 189 subjects (94 female, 95 male) were also analyzed. RESULTS The Val/Val genotype was associated with higher scores on the Cognitive-Affective factor of the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) in the primary sample. No evidence was found for association between genotype and serum BDNF in this sample. Consistent with the primary study, Val/Val genotype was associated with higher total BDI-II scores, Cognitive-Affective factor scores, and Somatic-Vegetative factor scores, in the second sample. Serum BDNF measures were not available for the second sample. LIMITATIONS The mechanism through which BDNF genotype translates into (putative) differences in depression symptoms is not known. CONCLUSIONS In contrast to case-control association studies, we demonstrate two changes in the operationalization of the phenotype. Additionally, we found an association between Val/Val genotype and higher levels of depression symptoms. This result is distinct from an association between BDNF genotype and diagnosis of depression, and it may help to clarify our understanding of genetic liability to depression, which will ultimately lead to more nuanced and effective treatment strategies.
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