1
|
The anti-inflammatory effect of myrrh ethanolic extract in comparison with prednisolone on an autoimmune disease rat model induced by silicate. Inflammopharmacology 2022; 30:2537-2546. [PMID: 35930173 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-022-01042-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Autoimmune disease is a complex chronic disease that triggers immune activation against autoantigens resulting in tissue damage. Epidemiological data showed that autoimmune diseases are increasing worldwide over the last decades owing to increased environmental pollution. This study investigates the therapeutic effect of myrrh as a natural medicine compared to prednisolone in the treatment of immune-mediated glomerulonephritis induced by silicate. The autoimmune disease model in rats was induced by injecting 5 mg crystalline sodium silicate suspension subcutaneously once weekly for 20 weeks, and then the rats were treated either with myrrh extract or prednisolone or with both for 6 weeks. Liver and kidney function tests, histopathology, and immunohistochemistry of TNF-α expression in kidney tissue were performed. The creatinine significantly elevated in silica-treated group and decreased in other treated groups. Histopathology of the kidney revealed improvement of glomerular and tubular basement thickness in all treated groups, but the inflammatory cell count slightly decreased in the group treated with myrrh than the other treated groups which showed a marked decrease. TNF-α expression was significantly decreased in all treated groups. Interestingly, the myrrh did not produce hepatic lesions and improve the side effect of prednisolone in the liver when taken in combination. Therefore, myrrh extract possessed anti-inflammatory properties and counteracted the side effect of prednisolone on the liver. Myrrh extract can serve as a conjunctive therapy with prednisolone to treat autoimmune diseases.
Collapse
|
2
|
The Modified Vaccination Technique. Vaccines (Basel) 2018; 7:vaccines7010001. [PMID: 30577575 PMCID: PMC6466438 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines7010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to active and passive immunizations, there is a third method of immunization, the modified vaccination technique, which is based on injecting a combination of target antigens and antibodies against this antigen. The vaccine is essentially comprised of immune complexes with pre-determined immune-inducing components. When such an immune complex (target antigen × antibody against the target antigen) with a slight antigen excess is administered, it evokes a corrective immune response by the production of the same antibody with the same specificity against the target antigen that is present in the immune complex (pre-determined immune response).
Collapse
|
3
|
Goilav B, Putterman C, Rubinstein TB. Biomarkers for kidney involvement in pediatric lupus. Biomark Med 2016; 9:529-43. [PMID: 26079958 DOI: 10.2217/bmm.15.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lupus nephritis (LN), the renal involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus, is currently diagnosed by histopathology obtained by percutaneous renal biopsy and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality in both adults and children. LN is more prevalent and severe in children, requiring aggressive and prolonged immunosuppression. The consequences of the diagnosis and its treatment have devastating long-term effects on the growth, well-being and quality of life of affected children. The paucity of reliable clinical indicators of the presence and severity of renal involvement have contributed to a halt in the reduction of progression to end-stage renal disease in recent years. Here, we discuss the recent development of biomarkers in the management of LN and their role as therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Goilav
- Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Nephrology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Chaim Putterman
- Division of Rheumatology & Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Tamar B Rubinstein
- Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, New York, NY 10461, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Panchanathan R, Liu H, Leung YK, Ho SM, Choubey D. Bisphenol A (BPA) stimulates the interferon signaling and activates the inflammasome activity in myeloid cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2015; 415:45-55. [PMID: 26277401 PMCID: PMC4581997 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2015.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Revised: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Environmental factors contribute to the development of autoimmune diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), which exhibits a strong female bias (female-to-male ratio 9:1). However, the molecular mechanisms remain largely unknown. Because a feedforward loop between the female sex hormone estrogen (E2) and type I interferon (IFN-α/β)-signaling induces the expression of certain p200-family proteins (such as murine p202 and human IFI16) that regulate innate immune responses and modify lupus susceptibility, we investigated whether treatment of myeloid cells with bisphenol A (BPA), an environmental estrogen, could regulate the p200-family proteins and activate innate immune responses. We found that treatment of murine bone marrow-derived cells (BMCs) and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells with BPA induced the expression of ERα and IFN-β, activated the IFN-signaling, and stimulated the expression of the p202 and IFI16 proteins. Further, the treatment increased levels of the NLRP3 inflammasome and stimulated its activity. Accordingly, BPA-treatment of BMCs from non lupus-prone C57BL/6 and the lupus-prone (NZB×NZW)F1 mice activated the type I IFN-signaling, induced the expression of p202, and activated an inflammasome activity. Our study demonstrates that BPA-induced signaling in the murine and human myeloid cells stimulates the type I IFN-signaling that results in an induction of the p202 and IFI16 innate immune sensors for the cytosolic DNA and activates an inflammasome activity. These observations provide novel molecular insights into the role of environmental BPA exposures in potentiating the development of certain autoimmune diseases such as SLE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ravichandran Panchanathan
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati, 3223 Eden Avenue, P. O. Box-670056, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA; Cincinnati VA Medical Center, 3200 Vine Street, Cincinnati, OH 45220, USA
| | - Hongzhu Liu
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati, 3223 Eden Avenue, P. O. Box-670056, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA; Cincinnati VA Medical Center, 3200 Vine Street, Cincinnati, OH 45220, USA
| | - Yuet-Kin Leung
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati, 3223 Eden Avenue, P. O. Box-670056, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Shuk-mei Ho
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati, 3223 Eden Avenue, P. O. Box-670056, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Divaker Choubey
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati, 3223 Eden Avenue, P. O. Box-670056, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA; Cincinnati VA Medical Center, 3200 Vine Street, Cincinnati, OH 45220, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Dorgham K, Amoura Z, Parizot C, Arnaud L, Frances C, Pionneau C, Devilliers H, Pinto S, Zoorob R, Miyara M, Larsen M, Yssel H, Gorochov G, Mathian A. Ultraviolet light converts propranolol, a nonselective β-blocker and potential lupus-inducing drug, into a proinflammatory AhR ligand. Eur J Immunol 2015; 45:3174-87. [DOI: 10.1002/eji.201445144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Revised: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karim Dorgham
- Sorbonne Universités; UPMC Univ Paris 06, Inserm UMRS1135; Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (Cimi-Paris), 83 Bd de l'hôpital; F-75013, Paris France
| | - Zahir Amoura
- Sorbonne Universités; UPMC Univ Paris 06, Inserm UMRS1135; Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (Cimi-Paris), 83 Bd de l'hôpital; F-75013, Paris France
- AP-HP; Groupement Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière; institut E3M; Service de médecine interne 2; Centre de Référence National pour le Lupus et le Syndrome des Antiphospholipides; Paris France
| | - Christophe Parizot
- AP-HP; Groupement Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière; Département d'immunologie; Paris France
| | - Laurent Arnaud
- Sorbonne Universités; UPMC Univ Paris 06, Inserm UMRS1135; Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (Cimi-Paris), 83 Bd de l'hôpital; F-75013, Paris France
- AP-HP; Groupement Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière; institut E3M; Service de médecine interne 2; Centre de Référence National pour le Lupus et le Syndrome des Antiphospholipides; Paris France
| | | | - Cédric Pionneau
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC, Inserm UMS-29 Omique, Plateforme P3S, F-75013; Paris France
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon; Service de médecine interne 2 et centre d'investigation clinique; Dijon France
| | - Hervé Devilliers
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon; Service de médecine interne 2 et centre d'investigation clinique; Dijon France
| | - Sandra Pinto
- Sorbonne Universités; UPMC Univ Paris 06, Inserm UMRS1135; Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (Cimi-Paris), 83 Bd de l'hôpital; F-75013, Paris France
| | - Rima Zoorob
- Sorbonne Universités; UPMC Univ Paris 06, Inserm UMRS1135; Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (Cimi-Paris), 83 Bd de l'hôpital; F-75013, Paris France
| | - Makoto Miyara
- Sorbonne Universités; UPMC Univ Paris 06, Inserm UMRS1135; Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (Cimi-Paris), 83 Bd de l'hôpital; F-75013, Paris France
- AP-HP; Groupement Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière; institut E3M; Service de médecine interne 2; Centre de Référence National pour le Lupus et le Syndrome des Antiphospholipides; Paris France
- AP-HP; Groupement Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière; Département d'immunologie; Paris France
| | - Martin Larsen
- Sorbonne Universités; UPMC Univ Paris 06, Inserm UMRS1135; Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (Cimi-Paris), 83 Bd de l'hôpital; F-75013, Paris France
| | - Hans Yssel
- Sorbonne Universités; UPMC Univ Paris 06, Inserm UMRS1135; Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (Cimi-Paris), 83 Bd de l'hôpital; F-75013, Paris France
| | - Guy Gorochov
- Sorbonne Universités; UPMC Univ Paris 06, Inserm UMRS1135; Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (Cimi-Paris), 83 Bd de l'hôpital; F-75013, Paris France
- AP-HP; Groupement Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière; Département d'immunologie; Paris France
| | - Alexis Mathian
- Sorbonne Universités; UPMC Univ Paris 06, Inserm UMRS1135; Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (Cimi-Paris), 83 Bd de l'hôpital; F-75013, Paris France
- AP-HP; Groupement Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière; institut E3M; Service de médecine interne 2; Centre de Référence National pour le Lupus et le Syndrome des Antiphospholipides; Paris France
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Abstract
Epigenetic mechanisms are proposed to underlie aberrant gene expression in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) that results in dysregulation of the immune system and loss of tolerance. Modifications of DNA and histones require substrates derived from diet and intermediary metabolism. DNA and histone methyltransferases depend on S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) as a methyl donor. SAM is generated from adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and methionine by methionine adenosyltransferase (MAT), a redox-sensitive enzyme in the SAM cycle. The availability of B vitamins and methionine regulate SAM generation. The DNA of SLE patients is hypomethylated, indicating dysfunction in the SAM cycle and methyltransferase activity. Acetyl-CoA, which is necessary for histone acetylation, is generated from citrate produced in mitochondria. Mitochondria are also responsible for de novo synthesis of flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) for histone demethylation. Mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation is the dominant source of ATP. The depletion of ATP in lupus T cells may affect MAT activity as well as adenosine monophosphate (AMP) activated protein kinase (AMPK), which phosphorylates histones and inhibits mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR). In turn, mTOR can modify epigenetic pathways including methylation, demethylation, and histone phosphorylation and mediates enhanced T-cell activation in SLE. Beyond their role in metabolism, mitochondria are the main source of reactive oxygen intermediates (ROI), which activate mTOR and regulate the activity of histone and DNA modifying enzymes. In this review we will focus on the sources of metabolites required for epigenetic regulation and how the flux of the underlying metabolic pathways affects gene expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zachary Oaks
- Division of Rheumatology, Departments of Medicine, Microbiology and Immunology, and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, College of Medicine , Syracuse, NY , USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Barabas AZ, Cole CD, Lafreniere R, Weir DM. Regaining Tolerance to a Self-antigen by the Modified Vaccination Technique. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2013; 45:193-201. [DOI: 10.1007/s12016-012-8350-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
|
8
|
DNA damage due to oxidative stress in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Int J Mol Sci 2012; 13:16853-64. [PMID: 23222732 PMCID: PMC3546726 DOI: 10.3390/ijms131216853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2012] [Revised: 10/31/2012] [Accepted: 11/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
According to the American Thorasic Society (ATS)/European Respiratory Society (ERS) Statement, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is defined as a preventable and treatable disease with a strong genetic component, characterized by airflow limitation that is not fully reversible, but is usually progressive and associated with an enhanced inflammatory response of the lung to noxious particles or gases. The main features of COPD are chronic inflammation of the airways and progressive destruction of lung parenchyma and alveolar structure. The pathogenesis of COPD is complex due to the interactions of several mechanisms, such as inflammation, proteolytic/antiproteolytic imbalance, oxidative stress, DNA damage, apoptosis, enhanced senescence of the structural cells and defective repair processes. This review focuses on the effects of oxidative DNA damage and the consequent immune responses in COPD. In susceptible individuals, cigarette smoke injures the airway epithelium generating the release of endogenous intracellular molecules or danger-associated molecular patterns from stressed or dying cells. These signals are captured by antigen presenting cells and are transferred to the lymphoid tissue, generating an adaptive immune response and enhancing chronic inflammation.
Collapse
|
9
|
Fukuyama T, Kosaka T, Miyashita L, Nishino R, Wada K, Hayashi K, Ueda H, Harada T. Role of regulatory T cells in the induction of atopic dermatitis by immunosuppressive chemicals. Toxicol Lett 2012; 213:392-401. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2012.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2012] [Revised: 07/18/2012] [Accepted: 07/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
|
10
|
Affiliation(s)
- Brad Bolon
- The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Fukuyama T, Tajima Y, Hayashi K, Ueda H, Kosaka T. Prior or coinstantaneous oral exposure to environmental immunosuppressive agents aggravates mite allergen-induced atopic dermatitis-like immunoreaction in NC/Nga mice. Toxicology 2011; 289:132-40. [PMID: 21864637 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2011.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2011] [Revised: 08/04/2011] [Accepted: 08/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunosuppressive environmental chemicals may increase the potency of allergens and thereby play a role in the development of allergic diseases such as allergic rhinitis, asthma and atopic dermatitis (AD). OBJECTIVES This study's primary objective was to examine the mechanisms behind the development of allergic diseases and immunosuppression induced by some environmental chemicals. We focused on the aggravation of AD by the organophosphorus pesticide O,O-diethyl-O-4-nitro-phenylthiophosphate (parathion) and the organochlorine pesticide 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)ethane (methoxychlor), in NC/Nga mice sensitized with extract of Dermatophagoides farinae (Df). METHODS NC/Nga mice were exposed orally to parathion or methoxychlor prior or coinstantaneous with sensitization with Df. The mice were subsequently challenged with Df. One day after the last challenge with Df, we analyzed dermatitis severity and expression of genes in the ear auricle, immunoglobulin (Ig) E and IgG(2a) levels in serum, and in auricular lymph nodes, T- or B-cell numbers and cytokine production. RESULTS Prior exposure to parathion or methoxychlor induced marked increases in the following: dermatitis severity and gene expression in the ear auricle, IgE and IgG(2a) levels in serum, expression of surface antigens on helper T-cell and IgE-positive B-cell, production of Th1 and Th2 cytokines, and production of IgE in auricular lymph-node cells. In contrast, coinstantaneous exposure to parathion or methoxychlor yielded, at most, small but significant decreases in all parameters. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that atopic dermatitis can be aggravated by prior exposure to immunosuppressive environmental chemicals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Fukuyama
- Institute of Environmental Toxicology, Ibaraki 303-0043, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Chang C, Gershwin ME. Drug-induced lupus erythematosus: incidence, management and prevention. Drug Saf 2011; 34:357-74. [PMID: 21513360 DOI: 10.2165/11588500-000000000-00000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The generation of autoantibodies and autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus has been associated with the use of certain drugs in humans. Early reports suggested that procainamide and hydralazine were associated with the highest risk of developing lupus, quinidine with a moderate risk and all other drugs were considered low or very low risk. More recently, drug-induced lupus has been associated with the use of the newer biological modulators such as tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α inhibitors and interferons. The clinical features and laboratory findings of TNFα inhibitor-induced lupus are different from that of traditional drug-induced lupus or idiopathic lupus, and standardized criteria for the diagnosis of drug-induced lupus have not been established. The mechanism(s) responsible for the development of drug-induced lupus may vary depending on the drug or even on the patient. Besides lupus, other autoimmune diseases have been associated with drugs or toxins. Diagnosis of drug-induced lupus requires identification of a temporal relationship between drug administration and symptom development, and in traditional drug-induced lupus there must be no pre-existing lupus. Resolution of symptoms generally occurs after cessation of the drug. In this review, we will discuss those drugs that are more commonly associated with drug-induced lupus, with an emphasis on the new biologicals and the difficulty of making the diagnosis of drug-induced lupus against a backdrop of the autoimmune diseases that these drugs are used to treat. Stimulation of the immune system by these drugs to cause autoimmunity may in fact be associated with an increased effectiveness in treating the pathology for which they are prescribed, leading to the dilemma of deciding which is worse, the original disease or the adverse effect of the drug. Optimistically, one must hope that ongoing research in drug development and in pharmacogenetics will help to treat patients with the maximum effectiveness while minimizing side effects. Vigilance and early diagnosis are critical. The purpose of this review is to summarize the most recent developments in our understanding of the incidence, pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of drug-induced lupus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Chang
- Division of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology, Nemours A.I. Dupont Childrens Hospital, Thomas Jefferson University, Wilmington, Delaware, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Fukuyama T, Tajima Y, Ueda H, Hayashi K, Kosaka T. Prior exposure to immunosuppressive organophosphorus or organochlorine compounds aggravates the TH1- and TH2-type allergy caused by topical sensitization to 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene and trimellitic anhydride. J Immunotoxicol 2011; 8:170-82. [DOI: 10.3109/1547691x.2011.566231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
|
14
|
Sunahori K, Juang YT, Kyttaris VC, Tsokos GC. Promoter hypomethylation results in increased expression of protein phosphatase 2A in T cells from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 186:4508-17. [PMID: 21346232 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1000340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The catalytic subunit α isoform of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2Acα) activity, protein, and mRNA have been found increased in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) T cells and to contribute to decreased IL-2 production. The PP2Acα promoter activity is controlled epigenetically through the methylation of a CpG within a cAMP response element (CRE) motif defined by its promoter. We considered that hypomethylation may account for the increased expression of PP2Acα in patients with SLE. Using bisulfite sequencing, we found that SLE T cells displayed decreased DNA methylation in the promoter region compared with normal T cells. More importantly, we found that the CRE-defined CpG, which binds p-CREB, is significantly less methylated in SLE compared with normal T cells, and the levels of methylation correlated with decreased amounts of DNA methyltransferase 1 transcripts. Methylation intensity correlated inversely with levels of PP2Acα mRNA and SLE disease activity. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays revealed more binding of p-CREB to the CRE site in SLE T cells, resulting in increased expression of PP2Acα. We propose that PP2Acα represents a new methylation-sensitive gene that, like the previously reported CD70 and CD11a, contributes to the pathogenesis of SLE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katsue Sunahori
- Division of Rheumatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
A New Epigenetic Challenge: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2011; 711:117-36. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-8216-2_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
16
|
Prior exposure to organophosphorus and organochlorine pesticides increases the allergic potential of environmental chemical allergens in a local lymph node assay. Toxicol Lett 2010; 199:347-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2010.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2010] [Revised: 09/23/2010] [Accepted: 09/24/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
17
|
del Puerto-Nevado L, Pérez-Rial S, Girón-Martínez A, Peces-Barba G. [Role of inflammation in the etiopathogenesis of COPD]. Arch Bronconeumol 2010; 46 Suppl 11:2-7. [PMID: 21316554 DOI: 10.1016/s0300-2896(10)70055-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is one of the first immune system responses to any type of aggression. As with any type of aggression, the lesion produced by inhalation of tobacco smoke prompts an innate inflammatory response. Subsequently, this lesion is stimulated by the release of various chemical factors that enhance the inflammatory response and, finally--depending on the type of aggression--acquired immunity is activated, which, mediated by lymphocyte participation, serves to establish a physical barrier against the propagation of the lesion and to aid repair of the damaged pulmonary tissue. However, the balance between inflammation and repair is not always maintained, as is the case in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), in which marked changes appear in the architecture of the airways, alveolar spaces and pulmonary arteries, forming the structural background of the functional changes characteristic of this disease. COPD is basically a pulmonary disease but data are available on the existence of associated systemic inflammation. The origins of this systemic inflammation are unclear: some information indicates that tobacco smoke is a direct origin common to local and systemic inflammation, while other data point to primary pulmonary inflammation that secondarily produces systemic involvement. The present review describes the main mechanisms involved in both pulmonary and systemic inflammation in COPD.
Collapse
|
18
|
Application of the modified vaccination technique for the prevention and cure of chronic ailments. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s1995-7645(10)60060-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
|
19
|
Chang C, Gershwin ME. Drugs and autoimmunity--a contemporary review and mechanistic approach. J Autoimmun 2009; 34:J266-75. [PMID: 20015613 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2009.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Drug-induced autoimmunity is an idiosyncratic, non-IgE immune related drug reaction. Interestingly, although many drugs have been reported to induce autoantibodies, only a few have a definitive association with drug-induced autoimmune disease. The prototype disease is drug-induced lupus and the typical drug for drug-induced lupus is minocycline. The production of autoantibodies and the induction of symptoms in drug-induced lupus results from a variety of mechanisms, which can include suppression of central or peripheral tolerance, alteration of gene transcription in T and B cells, abnormal cytokine and/or cytokine receptor balance and function, chromatin structure modification and antigen modification. Multiple mechanisms may apply for different drugs, and understanding the pharmacological actions of these agents helps us decipher the etiology. For example, DNA hypomethylation may occur with hydralazine, which leads to increased transcription, increased LFA-1, the generation of autoreactive T cells and a breakdown in peripheral tolerance. Frequently, more than one pathway may be involved. Interestingly, most patients with newly formed autoantibodies resulting from drugs do not develop clinical disease. Nonetheless, the explosion in the use of biological modifiers has been associated with production of autoantibodies, an observation that illustrates the complex nature of these interactions, in that these agents are frequently used to treat autoimmunity, yet may produce autoimmune diseases themselves.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Chang
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California at Davis School of Medicine, 451 Health Sciences Drive, Suite 6510, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Patterson R, Germolec D. Review Article Toxic Oil Syndrome: Review of Immune Aspects of the Disease. J Immunotoxicol 2008; 2:51-8. [DOI: 10.1080/15476910590960143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
|
21
|
Strickland FM, Richardson BC. Epigenetics in human autoimmunity. Epigenetics in autoimmunity - DNA methylation in systemic lupus erythematosus and beyond. Autoimmunity 2008; 41:278-86. [PMID: 18432408 DOI: 10.1080/08916930802024616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic mechanisms are essential for normal development and function of the immune system. Similarly, a failure to maintain epigenetic homeostasis in the immune response due to factors including environmental influences, leads to aberrant gene expression, contributing to immune dysfunction and in some cases the development of autoimmunity in genetically predisposed individuals. This is exemplified by systemic lupus erythematosus, where environmentally induced epigenetic changes contribute to disease pathogenesis in those genetically predisposed. Similar interactions between genetically determined susceptibility and environmental factors are implicated in other systemic autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and scleroderma, as well as in organ specific autoimmunity. The skin is exposed to a wide variety of environmental agents, including UV radiation, and is prone to the development of autoimmune conditions such as atopic dermatitis, psoriasis and some forms of vitiligo, depending on environmental and genetic influences. Herein we review how disruption of epigenetic mechanisms can alter immune function using lupus as an example, and summarize how similar mechanisms may contribute to other human autoimmune rheumatic and skin diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Faith M Strickland
- The Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Richardson B. Primer: epigenetics of autoimmunity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 3:521-7. [PMID: 17762851 DOI: 10.1038/ncprheum0573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2007] [Accepted: 06/04/2007] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Interactions between environmental and genetic factors are proposed to explain why autoimmunity afflicts certain individuals and not others. Genes and genetic loci predisposing to autoimmunity are being identified, but theories as to how the environment contributes to autoimmunity still rely largely on examples such as drug-induced systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and epidemiologic evidence of occupational exposure, without clear mechanistic explanations or identification of specific environmental agents. Eukaryotic gene expression requires not only transcription factor activation but also regional modification of chromatin structure into a transcriptionally permissive configuration through epigenetic mechanisms, including DNA methylation and histone modifications. The realization that epigenetic mechanisms can alter gene expression and, therefore, cellular function has led to new insights into how environmental agents might contribute to the development of diseases in genetically predisposed individuals. The observation that some SLE-inducing drugs, such as procainamide and hydralazine, affect T cell DNA methylation and thereby cellular function, and that identical changes in T cell DNA methylation and cellular function are found in patients with SLE, implicates epigenetic mechanisms in the pathogenesis of human SLE, and perhaps other autoimmune diseases. In this Review we discuss how epigenetic mechanisms affect gene expression, how environmental agents can affect epigenetic mechanisms, and how epigenetic changes in gene expression can contribute to autoimmunity. Similar mechanisms might also contribute to the pathogenesis of other poorly understood human diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bruce Richardson
- University of Michigan and Ann Arbor Veterans Affairs Hospital, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Abstract
T and B lymphocytes play diverse roles at multiple stages in the development and progression of lupus nephritis. Disruption of T- and B-cell regulatory functions by environmental and genetic influences permits pathogenic effectors to emerge in disease. New insights into the biology of these multifunctional cells offer novel targets for intervention in lupus nephritis and systemic autoimmunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mary H Foster
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Persson H, Ohlin M. Exploring central and peripheral diversity in antibody evolution. Mol Immunol 2007; 44:2729-36. [PMID: 17204327 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2006.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2006] [Accepted: 11/26/2006] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The antigen-binding site, the paratope, of an antibody can be seen as being composed of a central core and a more peripheral area situated at its rim. Naturally these regions acquire their diversity using different mechanisms and they also have dissimilar roles, as they contribute differently to the binding interaction. Also, antigens of different size utilize these regions differently; while haptens mainly interact with the central core, larger antigens have additional interactions in more peripheral regions. Since haptens do not occupy the entire available paratope we hypothesized that hapten-specific antibodies, as they develop naturally or in the laboratory, have an imprint of the carrier protein they were once selected on. By using combinatorial library and phage display technologies on a hapten-specific antibody we were able to demonstrate that a peripheral carrier imprint indeed exists. We further show that such an imprint can act as a seed in the evolution of binders that recognize the carrier protein even in the absence of the hapten modification. The observed results provide a plausible mechanism for how haptenization of self-antigens can lead to the development of autoimmunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Helena Persson
- Department of Immunotechnology, Lund University, BMC D13, SE-221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Selvaraj V, Bunick D, Finnigan-Bunick C, Johnson RW, Wang H, Liu L, Cooke PS. Gene Expression Profiling of 17β-Estradiol and Genistein Effects on Mouse Thymus. Toxicol Sci 2005; 87:97-112. [PMID: 15947025 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfi219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogen regulates thymic development and involution and modulates immune function. Despite its critical role in thymus, as well as in autoimmune disorders, the mechanism by which estrogen affects the thymus is not well understood. We previously reported that the estrogenic soy isoflavone genistein, as well as 17beta-estradiol (E2), could induce thymic involution, but genistein effects were only partially mediated through estrogen receptors. To provide insights into mechanisms of estrogenic effects in the thymus, we investigated thymic gene expression changes induced by E2 (125 ng/day) and genistein (1500 ppm in feed) in weanling mice using high-density DNA arrays. We identified several E2-responsive genes involved in thymic development and thymocyte signaling during selection and maturation. Functional characterization indicated effects on genes involved in transcription, apoptosis, and the cell cycle. This study also identified changes in several E2-regulated transcripts essential to maintain immune self-tolerance. E2 upregulated more genes than genistein, while genistein downregulated more genes than E2. Though each treatment regulated several genes not altered by the other, there was considerable overlap in the genes regulated by E2 and genistein. Changes in transcription factors and cell cycle factors were consistent with decreases in cell proliferation induced by both genistein and E2. As indicated by the regulation of non-E2-responsive genes, genistein also induced unique effects through non-estrogenic mechanisms. The specific downregulation of the CD4 coreceptor transcript by genistein was consistent with the decline of CD4+ thymocytes in genistein-treated mice in our previous study. This is the first study identifying E2 and genistein target genes in the thymus. These findings provide new mechanistic insights toward explaining estrogen action on thymocyte development, selection, and maturation, as well as the effects of genistein on prenatal and neonatal thymic development and function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vimal Selvaraj
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61802, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Sobel ES, Gianini J, Butfiloski EJ, Croker BP, Schiffenbauer J, Roberts SM. Acceleration of autoimmunity by organochlorine pesticides in (NZB x NZW)F1 mice. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2005; 113:323-8. [PMID: 15743722 PMCID: PMC1253759 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.7347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disorder that affects women more frequently than men. In the (NZB times NZW)F1 mouse, a murine SLE model, the presence or absence of estrogen markedly influences the rate of progression of disease. Three organochlorine pesticides with estrogenic effects were administered chronically to ovariectomized female (NZB times NZW)F1 mice, and we measured the time to development of renal disease, the principal clinical manifestation of lupus in this model. Treatment with chlordecone, methoxychlor, or o,p -dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (o,p -DDT) significantly decreased the time to onset of renal impairment, as did treatment with 17ss-estradiol used as a positive control. In an expanded study of chlordecone, we found a dose-related early appearance of elevated anti-double-strand DNA autoantibody titers that corresponded with subsequent development of glomerulonephritis. Immunohistofluorescence confirmed early deposition of immune complexes in kidneys of mice treated with chlordecone. These observations are consistent with an effect of these organochlorine pesticides to accelerate the natural course of SLE in the (NZB times NZW)F1 mouse. Although we originally hypothesized that the effect on progression of autoimmunity was due to estrogenic properties of the pesticides, autoimmune effects and estrogenicity, assessed through measurement of uterine hypertrophy, were not well correlated. This may indicate that uterine hypertrophy is a poor indicator of comparative estrogenic effects of organochlorine pesticides on the immune system, or that the pesticides are influencing autoimmunity through a mode of action unrelated to their estrogenicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric S Sobel
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Chaudhary A, Sauer NN, Gupta G. Beryllium-specific immune response in primary cells from healthy individuals. Toxicology 2004; 201:9-19. [PMID: 15297015 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2004.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2003] [Revised: 02/27/2004] [Accepted: 03/18/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The effect of beryllium (Be) exposure has been extensively studied in patients with chronic beryllium disease (CBD). CBD patients carry mutated MHC class II alleles and show a hyperproliferation of T cells upon Be exposure. The exact mechanism of Be-induced T-cell proliferation in these patients is not clearly understood. It is also not known how the inflammatory and suppressive cytokines maintain a balance in healthy individuals and how this balance is lost in CBD patients. To address these issues, we have initiated cellular and biochemical studies to identify Be-responsive cytokines and other cellular markers that help maintain a balance in healthy individuals. We have established an immune cell model derived from a mixture of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and dendritic cells (DCs). In this article, we demonstrate that pro-inflammatory cytokine IL6 shows decreased release whereas suppressive cytokine IL10 shows enhanced release after 5-10 h of Be treatment. Furthermore, the Be-specific pattern of IL6 and IL10 release is dependent upon induction of threonine phosphorylation of a 45 kDa cytosolic protein (p45), as early as 90 min after Be treatment. Pharmacological inhibition of phosphatidylinositol 3' kinase (PI3'K) by wortmannin and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) by SB203580 reveal that PI3'K mediates Be-specific p45 phosphorylation and IL6 release, whereas p38 MAPK regulates the release of IL6 and IL10 and the phosphorylation of p45 independent of metal-salt treatment. While the IL10 and IL6 release pathways are uncoupled in these cells, they are linked to phosphorylation of p45. These findings suggest that the balance between IL10 and IL6 release and the correlated p45 phosphorylation are important components of the Be-mediated immune response in healthy individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anu Chaudhary
- B-1, Biosciences Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, HRL-1, Mail Stop M888, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Selmi C, Invernizzi P, Keeffe EB, Coppel RL, Podda M, Rossaro L, Ansari AA, Gershwin ME, Keefe EB. Epidemiology and pathogenesis of primary biliary cirrhosis. J Clin Gastroenterol 2004; 38:264-71. [PMID: 15128074 DOI: 10.1097/00004836-200403000-00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Primary biliary cirrhosis is an autoimmune disease of unknown etiology leading to progressive destruction of small intrahepatic bile ducts and eventually to liver cirrhosis and failure. It is characterized by female predominance (with most cases observed between the ages of 40 and 60) and serum autoantibodies to mitochondrial antigens as highly specific hallmarks. Epidemiologic data indicate a variable incidence and prevalence of the disease. A number of genetic factors have been indicated as playing a role in determining disease susceptibility or progression, although no definitive conclusion has been reached so far. However, as suggested by some epidemiologic observations, a number of environmental factors, including molecular mimicry by either microorganisms or xenobiotics, have also been proposed. A hypothesis gaining support is that environmental factors may trigger disease in genetically predisposed individuals. In this review, the available data regarding the epidemiology and pathogenesis of primary biliary cirrhosis will be described and discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Selmi
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California at Davis, School of Medicine, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Kita H, He XS, Gershwin ME. Autoimmunity and environmental factors in the pathogenesis of primary biliary cirrhosis. Ann Med 2004; 36:72-80. [PMID: 15000349 DOI: 10.1080/07853890310018467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
It is generally believed that autoimmune processes are initiated when tolerance to self-proteins is broken. Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is an autoimmune liver disease of unknown etiology. Autoimmune attack in PBC is predominantly organ-specific, despite the presence of mitochondrial autoantigens, the major targets of autoimmunity in PBC, in all nucleated cells. Although the events that provoke initial activation remain unknown, the hypothesis of molecular mimicry implies that foreign pathogens with homology to self-protein or modified self-protein can break tolerance. Several reports have suggested the association of autoimmune diseases with drugs, chemicals, and other environmental factors. Specifically, many xenobiotics are metabolized in the liver. Liver autoantigens exposed to these chemicals could be modified and become immunogenic. We propose that exposure to the environmental xenobiotics is one of the initiating factors that leads to the loss of tolerance to self-proteins in genetically susceptible hosts, resulting in development of PBC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroto Kita
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jichi Medical School, Yakushiji, Kawachi, Tochigi, 329-0438, Japan
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Abstract
Primary biliary cirrhosis is an enigmatic autoimmune disease that predominantly affects women. The serologic signatures of PBC are high titer antimitochondrial antibodies that are directed at the inner lipoyl domains of the 2-oxo-dehydrogenase enzymes, particularly PDC-E2. Of note, is that the antibody response and the CD4 and CD8 response, are all directed at a similar epitope, the inner lipoyl domain. This unique immunologic response suggests that modification of the inner lipoyl domain is associated with the immunogenetic basis of disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroto Kita
- School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Calvert GM, Rice FL, Boiano JM, Sheehy JW, Sanderson WT. Occupational silica exposure and risk of various diseases: an analysis using death certificates from 27 states of the United States. Occup Environ Med 2003; 60:122-9. [PMID: 12554840 PMCID: PMC1740467 DOI: 10.1136/oem.60.2.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although crystalline silica exposure is associated with silicosis, lung cancer, pulmonary tuberculosis, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), there is less support for an association with autoimmune disease, and renal disease. METHODS Using data from the US National Occupational Mortality Surveillance (NOMS) system, a matched case-control design was employed to examine each of several diseases (including silicosis, lung cancer, stomach cancer, oesophageal cancer, COPD, pulmonary tuberculosis, sarcoidosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, systemic sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and various types of renal disease). Cases were subjects whose death certificate mentioned the disease of interest. A separate control group for each of the diseases of interest was selected from among subjects whose death certificate did not mention the disease of interest or any of several diseases reported to be associated with crystalline silica exposure. Subjects were assigned into a qualitative crystalline silica exposure category based on the industry/occupation pairing found on their death certificate. We also investigated whether silicotics had a higher risk of disease compared to those without silicosis. RESULTS Those postulated to have had detectable crystalline silica exposure had a significantly increased risk for silicosis, COPD, pulmonary tuberculosis, and rheumatoid arthritis. In addition, a significant trend of increasing risk with increasing silica exposure was observed for these same conditions and for lung cancer. Those postulated to have had the greatest crystalline silica exposure had a significantly increased risk for silicosis, lung cancer, COPD, and pulmonary tuberculosis only. Finally, those with silicosis had a significantly increased risk for COPD, pulmonary tuberculosis, and rheumatoid arthritis. CONCLUSIONS This study corroborates the association between crystalline silica exposure and silicosis, lung cancer, COPD, and pulmonary tuberculosis. In addition, support is provided for an association between crystalline silica exposure and rheumatoid arthritis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G M Calvert
- Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations and Field Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Abstract
To date, pathology characteristics of toxic oil syndrome (TOS), a disease associated with consumption of a contaminated cooking oil in Spain in 1981, have not been reproduced in an animal model. As vasculitis, eosinophilia, and a rise in circulating IgE levels were features of the acute phase of TOS, leading to an autoimmune outcome, a review of predisposition to these aspects across species was conducted. The intent was to determine predisposed strains or species that potentially might be effective in testing the toxic oils and thus defining the precise identity of the toxic contaminant(s). A number of potential candidates emerge from this review. Among mice, these include the NZB mouse hybrids, the MRL/lpr and SJL/J strains, and a transgenic mouse model of eosinophilia. The Brown Norway may be the most appropriate rat strain, while beagle dogs inbred to be genetically predisposed to immune complex disease and vasculitis are also a candidate species. Of the more exotic species, the mink and ferret have characteristics that might make them suitable candidates for testing oil samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G C Hard
- American Health Foundation, 1 Dana Road, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
|