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Bouissane L, Bailly C. Withania frutescens (L.) Pauquy, a valuable Mediterranean shrub containing bioactive withanolides. Steroids 2024; 207:109439. [PMID: 38740121 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2024.109439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
The bushy plant Withania frutescens (L.) Pauquy is well distributed in the West-Mediterranean area, notably in the south of Spain, Algeria and Morocco where is it is used traditionally for the treatment of various human diseases, including diabetes. Unlike the two major species W. somnifera and W. coagulans extensively studied, the genomically close species W. frutescens has been much less investigated. Nevertheless, this shrub species displays a comparable phytochemical profile and marked antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, at the origin of reported pharmacological effects and its traditional uses. Here we have analyzed the diversity of biological effects reported with leaves and root extracts of W. frutescens. Hydroalcoholic extracts prepared from the aerial parts of the plant have revealed antihyperglycemic and cell-protective activities along with antimicrobial and anticorrosive effects. The extracts contained diverse polyphenolic compounds and a few alkaloids (calystegines) but most of the observed effects have been attributed to the presence of withanolides which are modified C28 ergostane-type steroids. Our analysis focused in part on specific withanolides found in W. frutescens, in particular an unusual 3-O-sulfated withanolide considered as a potential pro-drug of the major active compound withaferin A (WA) and a lead compound for the development of a potential drug candidate. The mechanism of action of this sulfated WA analogue is discussed. Altogether, our unprecedented extensive analysis of W. frutescens highlighted the pharmacological potential of this atypical medicinal plant. By analogy with the major cultivated Withania species, the market potential of little-known plant is underlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Latifa Bouissane
- Molecular Chemistry, Materials and Catalysis Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences and Technologies, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, BP 523, Beni-Mellal 23000, Morocco.
| | - Christian Bailly
- OncoWitan, Scientific Consulting Office, Wasquehal, F-59290 Lille, France; Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Albert Lespagnol (ICPAL), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lille, Rue Du Professeur Laguesse, BP-83, F-59006 Lille, France.
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2
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Lobatto VL, García ME, Nicotra VE, Orozco CI, Casero CN. Antibacterial activity of withanolides and their structure-activity relationship. Steroids 2023; 199:109297. [PMID: 37598738 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2023.109297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Two new withanolides, (17R,20S,22R)-4β-acetoxy-5β,6β-epoxy-19,27-dihydroxy-1-oxo-witha-2,24-dienolide (withalongolide A 4-acetate (5) and (17R,20S,22R)-5β,6β-epoxy-27-hydroxy-1,4-dioxo-witha-24-enolide (9), and seven known withanolides with normal structure (1-4, 6-8) were isolated from aerial parts of Cuatresia colombiana. Several semisynthetic derivatives were prepared from the natural metabolites withaferin A and jaborosalactone 38. The compounds were fully characterized by a combination of spectroscopic methods (1D and 2D NMR and MS). The compounds isolated from C. colombiana, sixteen withanolides previously isolated from different Solanaceae species with different skeletons and semisynthetic derivatives were evaluated for their antibacterial activity against a selected panel of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. According to the bioactivity against S. aureus and E. faecalis, the compounds evaluated were divided into three groups: compounds with high activity (MIC 0.063 mM), compounds with moderate activity (0.5 mM > MIC > 0.125 mM) and non-active compounds (MIC ≥1 mM); in addition, some structure-activity relationship keys could be inferred.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia L Lobatto
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Depto. de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Edificio de Ciencias Químicas II, Haya de la Torre esq. Medina Allende, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba X5000HUA, Argentina
| | - Manuela E García
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Depto. de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Edificio de Ciencias Químicas II, Haya de la Torre esq. Medina Allende, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba X5000HUA, Argentina
| | - Viviana E Nicotra
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Depto. de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Edificio de Ciencias Químicas II, Haya de la Torre esq. Medina Allende, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba X5000HUA, Argentina
| | - Clara I Orozco
- Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Carrera 30 45-03, edificio 425, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Carina N Casero
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Depto. de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Edificio de Ciencias Químicas II, Haya de la Torre esq. Medina Allende, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba X5000HUA, Argentina.
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3
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Zhang Z, Yang Y, Xu Y, Liu Y, Li H, Chen L. Molecular targets and mechanisms of anti-cancer effects of withanolides. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 384:110698. [PMID: 37690745 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Withanolides are a class of natural products with a steroidal lactone structure that exhibit a broad spectrum of anti-cancer effects. To date, several studies have shown that their possible mechanisms in cancer development and progression are associated with the regulation of cell proliferation, apoptosis, metastasis, and angiogenesis. Withanolides can also attenuate inflammatory responses, as well as modulate the genomic instability and energy metabolism of cancer cells. In addition, they may improve the safety and efficacy of cancer treatments as adjuvants to traditional cancer therapeutics. Herein, we summarize the molecular targets and mechanisms of withanolides in different cancers, as well as their current clinical studies on them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiruo Zhang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Yueying Yang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Yang Xu
- Wuya College of Innovation, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Wuya College of Innovation, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Hua Li
- Wuya College of Innovation, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China; Institute of Structural Pharmacology & TCM Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, China.
| | - Lixia Chen
- Wuya College of Innovation, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China.
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4
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Xing Z, Su A, Mi L, Zhang Y, He T, Qiu Y, Wei T, Li Z, Zhu J, Wu W. Withaferin A: A Dietary Supplement with Promising Potential as an Anti-Tumor Therapeutic for Cancer Treatment - Pharmacology and Mechanisms. Drug Des Devel Ther 2023; 17:2909-2929. [PMID: 37753228 PMCID: PMC10519218 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s422512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer, as the leading cause of death worldwide, poses a serious threat to human health, making the development of effective tumor treatments a significant challenge. Natural products continue to serve as crucial resources for drug discovery. Among them, Withaferin A (WA), the most active phytocompound extracted from the renowned dietary supplement Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal, exhibits remarkable anti-tumor efficacy. In this manuscript, we aim to comprehensively summarize the pharmacological characteristics of WA as a potential anti-tumor drug candidate, with the objective of contributing to its further development and the discovery of prospective drugs. Through an extensive review of literature from PubMed, Science Direct, and Web of Science, we have gathered substantial evidence showcasing WA's significant anti-tumor effects against a wide range of cancers in both in vitro and in vivo studies. Mechanistically, WA exerts its anti-tumor influence by inducing cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, autophagy, and ferroptosis. Additionally, it inhibits cell proliferation, cancer stem cells, tumor metastasis, and also suppresses epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and angiogenesis. Several studies have identified direct target proteins of WA, such as vimentin, Hsp90, annexin II and mFAM72A, while BCR-ABL, Mortalin (mtHsp70), Nrf2, and c-MYB are potential targets of WA. Notwithstanding its remarkable anti-tumor efficacy, there are some limitations associated with WA, including potential toxicity and poor oral bioavailability, which need to be addressed when considering it as an anti-tumor candidate agent. Nevertheless, I given its promising anti-tumor attributes, WA remains an encouraging candidate for future drug development. Unveiling the exact target and comprehensive mechanism of WA's action represents a crucial research direction to pursue in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichao Xing
- Division of Thyroid Surgery, Department of General Surgery and Laboratory of Thyroid and Parathyroid Disease, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Anping Su
- Division of Thyroid Surgery, Department of General Surgery and Laboratory of Thyroid and Parathyroid Disease, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Mi
- Division of Thyroid Surgery, Department of General Surgery and Laboratory of Thyroid and Parathyroid Disease, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yujie Zhang
- Division of Thyroid Surgery, Department of General Surgery and Laboratory of Thyroid and Parathyroid Disease, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ting He
- Division of Thyroid Surgery, Department of General Surgery and Laboratory of Thyroid and Parathyroid Disease, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuxuan Qiu
- Department of Ultrasound, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tao Wei
- Division of Thyroid Surgery, Department of General Surgery and Laboratory of Thyroid and Parathyroid Disease, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhihui Li
- Division of Thyroid Surgery, Department of General Surgery and Laboratory of Thyroid and Parathyroid Disease, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingqiang Zhu
- Division of Thyroid Surgery, Department of General Surgery and Laboratory of Thyroid and Parathyroid Disease, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenshuang Wu
- Division of Thyroid Surgery, Department of General Surgery and Laboratory of Thyroid and Parathyroid Disease, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
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Zhuang Y, Wang Y, Li N, Meng H, Li Z, Luo J, Qiu Z. Hydrolytic Metabolism of Withangulatin A Mediated by Serum Albumin Instead of Common Esterases in Plasma. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2023:10.1007/s13318-023-00834-8. [PMID: 37344636 DOI: 10.1007/s13318-023-00834-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The oral bioavailability of withangulatin A (WA) is low and may undergo first-pass metabolism because of the presence of two esters bonds. This study aimed to identify the hydrolysis behavior and mechanism of WA, thus enriching its structure-pharmacokinetic relationship. METHODS The in vivo pharmacokinetic studies of WA in rats were first investigated, followed by in vitro assays including metabolic stability, phenotyping identification and metabolic kinetics assays. After screening out the responsible enzymes with higher catalytic capacity, molecular docking study was performed to demonstrate the interaction mode between WA and metabolic enzymes. Then, metabolites in human serum albumin (HSA) were identified by LC-TOF-MS/MS. RESULTS In rats, the oral bioavailability of WA was only 2.83%. In vitro, WA was hydrolyzed in both rat and human plasma and could not be inhibited by selective esterase inhibitors. Physiologic concentration of HSA not recombinant human carboxylesterases (rhCES) could significantly hydrolyze WA, and it had a similar hydrolytic capacity with human plasma to WA. Furthermore, WA could stably bind to HSA by forming hydrogen bonds with Lys199 and Arg410, accompanied by the metabolic reaction of the lactone ring opening. CONCLUSION The study showed that WA underwent obvious hydrolysis in rat and human plasma, which implied a strong first-pass effect. Serum albumin rather than common esterases primarily contributed to the hydrolytic metabolism of WA in plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhuang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
- Zhejiang Institute for Food and Drug Control, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuxiao Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Ning Li
- National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haitao Meng
- Shimadzu (China) Co., LTD, Nanjing Branch, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhiyu Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianguang Luo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Zhixia Qiu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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Chen YM, Xu W, Liu Y, Zhang JH, Yang YY, Wang ZW, Sun DJ, Li H, Liu B, Chen LX. Anomanolide C suppresses tumor progression and metastasis by ubiquitinating GPX4-driven autophagy-dependent ferroptosis in triple negative breast cancer. Int J Biol Sci 2023; 19:2531-2550. [PMID: 37215985 PMCID: PMC10197885 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.82120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Anomanolide C (AC), a natural withanolide isolated from Tubocapsicum anomalum, has been reported to have exhibits remarkable anti-tumour activities in several types of human cancers, particularly triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). However, its intricate mechanisms still remain need to be clarified. Here, we evaluated whether AC could inhibit cell proliferation and the role of AC in ferroptosis induction and autophagy activation. Subsequently, the anti-migration potential of AC was found via autophagy-dependent ferroptosis. Additionally, we found that AC reduced the expression of GPX4 by ubiquitination and inhibited TNBC proliferation and metastasis in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, we demonstrated that AC induced autophagy-dependent ferroptosis, and led to Fe2+ accumulation via ubiquitinating GPX4. Moreover, AC was shown to induce autophagy-dependent ferroptosis as well as to inhibit TNBC proliferation and migration via GPX4 ubiquitination. Together, these results demonstrated that AC inhibited the progression and metastasis of TNBC by inducing autophagy-dependent ferroptosis via ubiquitinating GPX4, which might shed light on exploiting AC as a new drug candidate for the future TNBC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Mei Chen
- Wuya College of Innovation, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110000, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Institute of Structural Pharmacology & TCM Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Wuya College of Innovation, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110000, China
| | - Jia-Hui Zhang
- Wuya College of Innovation, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110000, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Zhi-wen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - De-Juan Sun
- Wuya College of Innovation, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110000, China
| | - Hua Li
- Wuya College of Innovation, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110000, China
| | - Bo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Li-Xia Chen
- Wuya College of Innovation, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110000, China
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CHANDAN G, KUMAR C, SATTI NK, TULI HS, FAGOONEE S, HAQUE S, SAINI AK, SAINI RV. Daturalactones as immunomodulators: activation of immune cells conferring cytotoxicity towards colon and pancreatic cancer cells. MINERVA BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOMOLECULAR RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.23736/s2724-542x.22.02931-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Alzahrani AJ. Promising Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Potencies of Chemically-Profiled Extract from Withania aristata (Aiton) Pauquy against Clinically-Pathogenic Microbial Strains. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27113614. [PMID: 35684550 PMCID: PMC9181977 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27113614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Withania aristata (Aiton) Pauquy, a medicinal plant endemic to North African Sahara, is widely employed in traditional herbal pharmacotherapy. In the present study, the chemical composition, antioxidant, antibacterial, and antifungal potencies of extract from the roots of Withania aristata (Aiton) Pauquy (RWA) against drug-resistant microbes were investigated. Briefly, RWA was obtained by maceration with hydro-ethanol and its compounds were identified by use of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The antioxidant activity of RWA was determined by use of ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC). The evaluation of the antimicrobial potential of RWA was performed against drug-resistant pathogenic microbial strains of clinical importance by use of the disc diffusion agar and microdilution assays. Seven compounds were identified in RWA according to HPLC analysis, including cichoric acid, caffeic acid, apigenin, epicatechin, luteolin, quercetin, and p-catechic acid. RWA had excellent antioxidant potency with calculated values of 14.0 ± 0.8 µg/mL (DPPH), 0.37 ± 0.08 mg/mL (FRAP), 760 ± 10 mg AAE/g (TAC), and 81.4% (β-carotene). RWA demonstrated good antibacterial potential against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, with inhibition zone diameters ranging from 15.24 ± 1.31 to 19.51 ± 0.74 mm, while all antibiotics used as drug references were infective, except for Oxacillin against S. aureus. Results of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assay against bacteria showed that RWA had MIC values ranging from 2.13 to 4.83 mg/mL compared to drug references, which had values ranging from 0.031 ± 0.003 to 0.064 ± 0.009 mg/mL. Similarly, respectable antifungal potency was recorded against the fungal strains with inhibition zone diameters ranging from 25.65 ± 1.14 to 29.00 ± 1.51 mm compared to Fluconazole, used as a drug reference, which had values ranging from 31.69 ± 1.92 to 37.74 ± 1.34 mg/mL. Results of MIC assays against fungi showed that RWA had MIC values ranging from 2.84 ± 0.61 to 5.71 ± 0.54 mg/mL compared to drug references, which had values ranging from 2.52 ± 0.03 to 3.21 ± 0.04 mg/mL. According to these outcomes, RWA is considered a promising source of chemical compounds with potent biological properties that can be beneficial as natural antioxidants and formulate a valuable weapon in the fight against a broad spectrum of pathogenic microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alhusain J. Alzahrani
- Almostakbal Medical Laboratories, Riyadh 36341, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hafr Al Batin, Hafar Al-Batin 31991, Saudi Arabia
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Kowalczyk T, Merecz-Sadowska A, Rijo P, Mori M, Hatziantoniou S, Górski K, Szemraj J, Piekarski J, Śliwiński T, Bijak M, Sitarek P. Hidden in Plants—A Review of the Anticancer Potential of the Solanaceae Family in In Vitro and In Vivo Studies. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14061455. [PMID: 35326606 PMCID: PMC8946528 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14061455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The Solanaceae family is one of the most important arable and economic families in the world. In addition, it includes a wide range of valuable active secondary metabolites of species with biological and medical properties. This literature review focuses on the assessment of the anticancer properties of the extracts and pure compounds, and the synergistic effects with chemotherapeutic agents and nanoparticles from various species of the Solanaceae family, as well as their potential molecular mechanisms of action in in vitro and in vivo studies in various types of tumours. Abstract Many of the anticancer agents that are currently in use demonstrate severe side effects and encounter increasing resistance from the target cancer cells. Thus, despite significant advances in cancer therapy in recent decades, there is still a need to discover and develop new, alternative anticancer agents. The plant kingdom contains a range of phytochemicals that play important roles in the prevention and treatment of many diseases. The Solanaceae family is widely used in the treatment of various diseases, including cancer, due to its bioactive ingredient content. The purpose of this literature review is to highlight the antitumour activity of Solanaceae extracts—single isolated compounds and nanoparticles with extracts—and their synergistic effect with chemotherapeutic agents in various in vitro and in vivo cancer models. In addition, the biological properties of many plants of the Solanaceae family have not yet been investigated, which represents a challenge and an opportunity for future anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Kowalczyk
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Genetics, University of Lodz, 90-237 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Anna Merecz-Sadowska
- Department of Computer Science in Economics, University of Lodz, 90-214 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Patricia Rijo
- CBIOS—Research Center for Biosciences & Health Technologies, Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias, 1749-024 Lisbon, Portugal;
- iMed.ULisboa—Research Institute for Medicines, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Mattia Mori
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy;
| | - Sophia Hatziantoniou
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece;
| | - Karol Górski
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-151 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Janusz Szemraj
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Janusz Piekarski
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Chair of Oncology, Medical University in Lodz, Nicolaus Copernicus Multidisciplinary Centre for Oncology and Traumatology, 93-513 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Tomasz Śliwiński
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-236 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Michał Bijak
- Biohazard Prevention Centre, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-236 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Przemysław Sitarek
- Department of Biology and Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Lodz, 90-151 Lodz, Poland
- Correspondence:
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10
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Almeida AA, Cota BB, Rodrigues LM, Dutra LL, Kohlhoff M, Bressan GC, Brandão GC, Leite JPV. Withalutin, a new cytotoxic withanolide from Athenaea velutina (Sendtn.) D’Arcy. Nat Prod Res 2022; 36:6304-6311. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2022.2039135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alisson A. Almeida
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Betania B. Cota
- Instituto Rene-Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Laís M. Rodrigues
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Luana L. Dutra
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Markus Kohlhoff
- Instituto Rene-Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Gustavo C. Bressan
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Geraldo C. Brandão
- Escola de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - João P. V. Leite
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
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11
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Recent Advances in the Chemistry and Therapeutic Evaluation of Naturally Occurring and Synthetic Withanolides. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27030886. [PMID: 35164150 PMCID: PMC8840339 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural products are a major source of biologically active compounds that make promising lead molecules for developing efficacious drug-like molecules. Natural withanolides are found in many flora and fauna, including plants, algae, and corals, that traditionally have shown multiple health benefits and are known for their anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, anti-leishmaniasis, and many other medicinal properties. Structures of these withanolides possess a few reactive sites that can be exploited to design and synthesize more potent and safe analogs. In this review, we discuss the literature evidence related to the medicinal implications, particularly anticancer properties of natural withanolides and their synthetic analogs, and provide perspectives on the translational potential of these promising compounds.
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Abstract
Covering: March 2010 to December 2020. Previous review: Nat. Prod. Rep., 2011, 28, 705This review summarizes the latest progress and perspectives on the structural classification, biological activities and mechanisms, metabolism and pharmacokinetic investigations, biosynthesis, chemical synthesis and structural modifications, as well as future research directions of the promising natural withanolides. The literature from March 2010 to December 2020 is reviewed, and 287 references are cited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Yang Xia
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, China. .,Wuya College of Innovation, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Shi-Jie Cao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, China.
| | - Li-Xia Chen
- Wuya College of Innovation, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Feng Qiu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, China.
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Peres RB, Fiuza LFDA, da Silva PB, Batista MM, Camillo FDC, Marques AM, de C. Brito L, Figueiredo MR, Soeiro MDNC. In Vitro Phenotypic Activity and In Silico Analysis of Natural Products from Brazilian Biodiversity on Trypanosoma cruzi. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26185676. [PMID: 34577145 PMCID: PMC8472459 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26185676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Chagas disease (CD) affects more than 6 million people worldwide. The available treatment is far from ideal, creating a demand for new alternative therapies. Botanical diversity provides a wide range of novel potential therapeutic scaffolds. Presently, our aim was to evaluate the mammalian host toxicity and anti-Trypanosoma cruzi activity of botanic natural products including extracts, fractions and purified compounds obtained from Brazilian flora. In this study, 36 samples of extracts and fractions and eight pure compounds obtained from seven plant species were evaluated. The fraction dichloromethane from Aureliana fasciculata var. fasciculata (AFfPD) and the crude extract of Piper tectoniifolium (PTFrE) showed promising trypanosomicidal activity. AFfPD and PTFrE presented EC50 values 10.7 ± 2.8 μg/mL and 12.85 ± 1.52 μg/mL against intracellular forms (Tulahuen strain), respectively. Additionally, both were active upon bloodstream trypomastigotes (Y strain), exhibiting EC50 2.2 ± 1.0 μg/mL and 38.8 ± 2.1 μg/mL for AFfPD and PTFrE, respectively. Importantly, AFfPD is about five-fold more potent than Benznidazole (Bz), the reference drug for CD, also reaching lower EC90 value (7.92 ± 2.2 μg/mL) as compared to Bz (23.3 ± 0.6 μg/mL). Besides, anti-parasitic effect of eight purified botanic substances was also investigated. Aurelianolide A and B (compounds 1 and 2) from A. fasciculata and compound 8 from P. tuberculatum displayed the best trypanosomicidal effect. Compounds 1, 2 and 8 showed EC50 of 4.6 ± 1.3 μM, 1.6 ± 0.4 μM and 8.1 ± 0.9 μM, respectively against intracellular forms. In addition, in silico analysis of these three biomolecules was performed to predict parameters of absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion. The studied compounds presented similar ADMET profile as Bz, without presenting mutagenicity and hepatotoxicity aspects as predicted for Bz. Our findings indicate that these natural products have promising anti-T. cruzi effect and may represent new scaffolds for future lead optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raiza B. Peres
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Avenida Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 210360-040, Brazil; (R.B.P.); (L.F.d.A.F.); (P.B.d.S.); (M.M.B.)
| | - Ludmila F. de A. Fiuza
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Avenida Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 210360-040, Brazil; (R.B.P.); (L.F.d.A.F.); (P.B.d.S.); (M.M.B.)
| | - Patrícia B. da Silva
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Avenida Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 210360-040, Brazil; (R.B.P.); (L.F.d.A.F.); (P.B.d.S.); (M.M.B.)
| | - Marcos M. Batista
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Avenida Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 210360-040, Brazil; (R.B.P.); (L.F.d.A.F.); (P.B.d.S.); (M.M.B.)
| | - Flávia da C. Camillo
- Laboratório de Tecnologia para Biodiversidade em Saúde/LDFito, Instituto de Tecnologia em Fármacos (Farmanguinhos), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Avenida Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 210360-040, Brazil; (F.d.C.C.); (A.M.M.); (L.d.C.B.); (M.R.F.)
| | - André M. Marques
- Laboratório de Tecnologia para Biodiversidade em Saúde/LDFito, Instituto de Tecnologia em Fármacos (Farmanguinhos), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Avenida Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 210360-040, Brazil; (F.d.C.C.); (A.M.M.); (L.d.C.B.); (M.R.F.)
| | - Lavínia de C. Brito
- Laboratório de Tecnologia para Biodiversidade em Saúde/LDFito, Instituto de Tecnologia em Fármacos (Farmanguinhos), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Avenida Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 210360-040, Brazil; (F.d.C.C.); (A.M.M.); (L.d.C.B.); (M.R.F.)
| | - Maria R. Figueiredo
- Laboratório de Tecnologia para Biodiversidade em Saúde/LDFito, Instituto de Tecnologia em Fármacos (Farmanguinhos), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Avenida Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 210360-040, Brazil; (F.d.C.C.); (A.M.M.); (L.d.C.B.); (M.R.F.)
| | - Maria de N. C. Soeiro
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Avenida Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 210360-040, Brazil; (R.B.P.); (L.F.d.A.F.); (P.B.d.S.); (M.M.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-(21)-2562-1368
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Withaferin A-A Promising Phytochemical Compound with Multiple Results in Dermatological Diseases. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26092407. [PMID: 33919088 PMCID: PMC8122412 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Withaferin A (WFA) was identified as the most active phytocompound of the plant Withania somnifera (WS) and as having multiple therapeutic/ameliorating properties (anticancer, antiangiogenic, anti-invasive, anti-inflammatory, proapoptotic, etc.) in case of various diseases. In drug chemistry, WFA in silico approaches have identified favorite biological targets, stimulating and accelerating research to evaluate its pharmacological activity—numerous anticancer effects manifested in various organs (breast, pancreas, skin, colon, etc.), antivirals, anti-infective, etc., which are not yet sufficiently explored. This paper is a synthesis of the most relevant specialized papers in the field that are focused on the use of WFA in dermatological diseases, describing its mechanism of action while providing, at the same time, details about the results of its testing in in vitro/in vivo studies.
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Xu GB, Xu YM, Wijeratne EMK, Ranjbar F, Liu MX, Gunatilaka AAL. Cytotoxic Physalins from Aeroponically Grown Physalis acutifolia. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2021; 84:187-194. [PMID: 33586438 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.0c00380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Aeroponically grown Physalis acutifolia afforded five new and six known withanolides including 10 physalins. The structures of the new withanolides, acutifolactone (1), 5β,6β-epoxyphysalin C (2), 5α-chloro-6β-hydroxyphysalin C (3), and an inseparable mixture of 5β,6β-epoxy-2,3-dihydrophysalin F-3β-O-sulfate (4) and 5β,6β-epoxy-2,3-dihydrophysalin C-3β-O-sulfate (5), were elucidated by analysis of their spectroscopic data and chemical interconversions. The known withanolides were identified as physalins B (6), D (7), F (8), H (9), I (10), and U (11) by comparison of their spectroscopic data with those reported. Evaluation of 1-11 and the derivatives, 13 and 13a, obtained from 4 and 5 against a panel of four human cancer cell lines [NCI-H460 (non-small-cell lung), SF-268 (CNS glioma), PC-3 (prostate adenocarcinoma), and MCF-7 (breast adenocarcinoma)] and normal human lung fibroblast (WI-38) cells revealed that physalins 2, 3, 8, and 9 exhibited selective cytotoxic activity to at least one of the cancer cell lines tested compared to the normal cells and that 7, 10, and 11 were inactive up to a concentration of 10.0 μM. These data provided some preliminary structure-activity relationships and suggested that the mechanism of cytotoxic activity of physalins may differ from other classes of withanolides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Bo Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants & School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guian New District 550025, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Ming Xu
- Southwest Center for Natural Products Research, School of Natural Resources and the Environment, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona, 250 E. Valencia Road, Tucson, Arizona 85706, United States
| | - E M Kithsiri Wijeratne
- Southwest Center for Natural Products Research, School of Natural Resources and the Environment, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona, 250 E. Valencia Road, Tucson, Arizona 85706, United States
| | - Fatemeh Ranjbar
- Southwest Center for Natural Products Research, School of Natural Resources and the Environment, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona, 250 E. Valencia Road, Tucson, Arizona 85706, United States
| | - Manping X Liu
- Southwest Center for Natural Products Research, School of Natural Resources and the Environment, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona, 250 E. Valencia Road, Tucson, Arizona 85706, United States
| | - A A Leslie Gunatilaka
- Southwest Center for Natural Products Research, School of Natural Resources and the Environment, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona, 250 E. Valencia Road, Tucson, Arizona 85706, United States
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Xu WJ, Xiao Q, Lian CL, Zhang C, Liu JQ. The synthesis and cytotoxic activity of derivatives of 4β-hydroxywithanolide E. Steroids 2021; 166:108776. [PMID: 33338476 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2020.108776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
4β-Hydroxywithanolide E, which can be obtained in large amounts from the Physalis genus, possessed anti-proliferative effects on a variety of human cancer cell lines. For discussing its anti-tumor structure-activity relationship, a series of 4β-hydroxywithanolide E derivatives (1-17) were synthesized and evaluated for their antitumor activity in vitro towards acute promyelocytic leukemia NB4 cell line by the Alarma blue assay. Cytotoxicity data revealed that the enone structure and C-4 hydroxyl substituents of ring A, together with the side chain (C-20-C-28) play an important effect on the cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Juan Xu
- School of Medicine, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou 362021, PR China
| | - Qin Xiao
- School of Medicine, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou 362021, PR China
| | - Chen-Lei Lian
- School of Medicine, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou 362021, PR China
| | - Chong Zhang
- School of Medicine, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou 362021, PR China
| | - Jie-Qing Liu
- School of Medicine, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou 362021, PR China.
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Saleem S, Muhammad G, Hussain MA, Altaf M, Bukhari SNA. Withania somnifera L.: Insights into the phytochemical profile, therapeutic potential, clinical trials, and future prospective. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2020; 23:1501-1526. [PMID: 33489024 PMCID: PMC7811807 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2020.44254.10378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Withania somnifera L. is a multipurpose medicinal plant of family Solanaceae occurring abundantly in sub-tropical regions of the world. The folk healers used the plant to treat several diseases such as fever, cancer, asthma, diabetes, ulcer, hepatitis, eyesores, arthritis, heart problems, and hemorrhoids. The plant is famous for the anti-cancerous activity, low back pain treatment, and muscle strengthening, which may be attributed to the withanolide alkaloids. W. somnifera is also rich in numerous valued secondary metabolites such as steroids, alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolics, saponins, and glycosides. A wide range of preclinical trials such as cardioprotective, anticancer, antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, anti-depressant, and hypoglycemic have been attributed to various parts of the plant. Different parts of the plant have also been evaluated for the clinical trials such as male infertility, obsessive-compulsive disorder, antianxiety, bone and muscle strengthening potential, hypolipidemic, and antidiabetic. This review focuses on folk medicinal uses, phytochemistry, pharmacological, and nutrapharmaceutical potential of the versatile plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumaira Saleem
- Department of Chemistry, GC University Lahore, Lahore 54000 Pakistan
| | - Gulzar Muhammad
- Department of Chemistry, GC University Lahore, Lahore 54000 Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Altaf
- Department of Chemistry, GC University Lahore, Lahore 54000 Pakistan
| | - Syed Nasir Abbas Bukhari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Aljouf, Sakaka2014, Saudi Arabia
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Withaferin A activates TRIM16 for its anti-cancer activity in melanoma. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19724. [PMID: 33184347 PMCID: PMC7665169 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76722-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Although selective BRAF inhibitors and novel immunotherapies have improved short-term treatment responses in metastatic melanoma patients, acquired resistance to these therapeutics still represent a major challenge in clinical practice. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of Withaferin A (WFA), derived from the medicinal plant Withania Somnifera, as a novel therapeutic agent for the treatment of melanoma. WFA showed selective toxicity to melanoma cells compared to non-malignant cells. WFA induced apoptosis, significantly reduced cell proliferation and inhibited migration of melanoma cells. We identified that repression of the tumour suppressor TRIM16 diminished WFA cytotoxicity, suggesting that TRIM16 was in part responsible for the cytotoxic effects of WFA in melanoma cells. Together our data indicates that WFA has potent cytopathic effects on melanoma cells through TRIM16, suggesting a potential therapeutic application of WFA in the disease.
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Wang C, Li S, Zhao J, Yang H, Yin F, Ding M, Luo J, Wang X, Kong L. Design and SAR of Withangulatin A Analogues that Act as Covalent TrxR Inhibitors through the Michael Addition Reaction Showing Potential in Cancer Treatment. J Med Chem 2020; 63:11195-11214. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shang Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinhua Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huali Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fucheng Yin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ming Ding
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianguang Luo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaobing Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lingyi Kong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People’s Republic of China
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Hahm ER, Kim SH, Singh KB, Singh K, Singh SV. A Comprehensive Review and Perspective on Anticancer Mechanisms of Withaferin A in Breast Cancer. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2020; 13:721-734. [PMID: 32727824 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-20-0259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Withaferin A (hereafter abbreviated as WA) is a promising anticancer steroidal lactone abundant in a medicinal plant (Withania somnifera) native to Asia. The root/leaf extract of Withania somnifera, which belongs to the Solanaceae family, continues to be included in the Ayurvedic medicine formulations of alternative medicine practice. Numerous chemicals are detectable in the root/leaf extract of Withania somnifera [e.g., withanolides (WA, withanone, withanolide A, etc.), alkaloids, sitoindosides, etc.], but the anticancer effect of this medicinal plant is largely attributed to WA. Anticancer effect of WA was initially reported in the early 70s in the Ehrlich ascites tumor cell model in vitro Since then, numerous preclinical studies have been performed using cellular and animal models of different cancers including breast cancer to determine cancer therapeutic and chemopreventive effects of WA. Chemoprevention, a word first introduced by Dr. Michael B. Sporn, was intended to impede, arrest, or reverse carcinogenesis at its earliest stages with pharmacologic agents. This review succinctly summarizes the published findings on anticancer pharmacology of WA in breast cancer focusing on pharmacokinetic behavior, in vivo efficacy data in preclinical models in a therapeutic and chemoprevention settings, and its known effects on cancer-relevant cellular processes (e.g., growth arrest, apoptosis induction, autophagy, metabolic adaptation, immune function, etc.) and molecular targets (e.g., suppression of oncogenes such as estrogen receptor-α, STAT3, etc.). Potential gaps in knowledge as well as future research directions essential for clinical development of WA for chemoprevention and/or treatment of breast cancer are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Ryeong Hahm
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Su-Hyeong Kim
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Krishna B Singh
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Kamayani Singh
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Shivendra V Singh
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. .,UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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Withaferin A suppresses breast cancer cell proliferation by inhibition of the two-pore domain potassium (K2P9) channel TASK-3. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 129:110383. [PMID: 32563149 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Withaferin A (WFA), a C5,C6-epoxy steroidal lactone isolated from the medicinal plant Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal, inhibits growth of tumor cells in different cancer types. However, the mechanisms underlying the effect of WFA on tumor cells are not fully understood. In the present study, we evaluated the blockade of TASK-3 channels by WFA in TASK-3-expressing HEK-293 cells. Explore if the WFA-mediated TASK-3 blockade can be used as a pharmacological tool to decrease the cell viability in cancer cells. A combination of functional experiments (patch-clamp, gene downregulation, overexpression and pharmacological inhibition) and molecular docking analysis were used to get insights into the mechanism by which the inhibition of TASK-3 by WFA affects the growth and viability of cancer cells. Withaferin A was found to inhibit the activity of TASK-3 channels. The inhibitory effect of Withaferin A on TASK-3 potassium currents was dose-dependent and independent of voltage. Molecular modeling studies identified putative WFA-binding sites in TASK-3 channel involved the channel blockade. In agreements with the molecular modeling predictions, mutation of residues F125 to A (F125A), L197 to V (L197 V) and the double mutant F125A-L197 V markedly decreased the WFA-induced inhibition of TASK-3. Finally, the cytotoxic effect of WFA was tested in MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells transfected with TASK-3 or shRNA that decreases TASK-3 expression. Together, our results show that the cytotoxic effect of WFA on fully transformed MDA-MB-231 cells depends on the expression of TASK-3. Herein, we also provide insights into the mechanism of TASK-3 inhibition by WFA.
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Gurav NS, Gurav SS, Sakharwade SN. Studies on Ashwagandha Ghrita with reference to murcchana process and storage conditions. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2020; 11:243-249. [PMID: 32139244 PMCID: PMC7527808 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaim.2019.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Withania somnifera (L.) (family-Solanaceae), known as ‘Indian ginseng’ or ‘Ashwagandha’ is acclaimed as an effective adaptogen, immunomodulator, aphrodisiac and sedative. Ashwagandhaghrita is a recognized ghee based Ayurvedic formulation. Few ancient texts suggest murcchana process for preparation of Ashwagandha ghrita. Objective The study was undertaken to evaluate probable effects of murcchana process on ghrita preparation with reference to time and storage conditions. Materials and Methods Ashwagandha ghrita samples were prepared separately using plain ghee (Indian cow's ghee) and murcchana ghee. These formulations were stored separately in different glass bottles at room temperature and 400C/75%RH. Organoleptic characters (colour, odour, taste, texture and touch) and physicochemical parameters (acid value, peroxide value, iodine value, saponification value, unsaponifiable matter, refractive index and specific gravity) were determined after 3, 6, 9 and 12 months. Plain ghee and prepared ghrita were subjected for antioxidant evaluation by various in vitro methods. Results Changes were observed in organoleptic characters and physicochemical parameters of plain ghee and Ashwagandha ghrita formulations. Alterations in these parameters were more pronounced at high temperature and on long storage. Ashwagandha ghrita prepared with murcchana process exhibited better antioxidant potential in all in vitro methods. Conclusion The murcchana process was found to be beneficial towards quality of ghrita. Hence, Ashwagandha ghrita may be prepared along with murcchana herbs and stored in a good quality glass bottle to ensure improved shelf life of ghrita.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilambari S Gurav
- PES's Rajaram and Tarabai Bandekar College of Pharmacy, Ponda, Goa University, Goa, 403401, India
| | - Shailendra S Gurav
- Goa College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, Panaji, Goa University, Goa, 403 001, India.
| | - Satish N Sakharwade
- Department of Cosmetic Technology, L.A.D. & S.R.P. College for Women, Seminary Hills, Nagpur, Maharashtra, 440 006, India
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Ali MA, Farah MA, Al-Anazi KM, Basha SH, Bai F, Lee J, Al-Hemaid FMA, Mahmoud AH, Hailan WAQ. In Silico Elucidation of the Plausible Inhibitory Potential of Withaferin A of Withania Somnifera Medicinal Herb Against Breast Cancer Targeting Estrogen Receptor. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2020; 21:842-851. [PMID: 31995002 DOI: 10.2174/1389201021666200129121843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Estrogen Receptors (ER) are members of the nuclear intracellular receptors family. ER once activated by estrogen, it binds to DNA via translocating into the nucleus and regulates the activity of various genes. Withaferin A (WA) - an active compound of a medicinal plant Withania somnifera was reported to be a very effective anti-cancer agent and some of the recent studies has demonstrated that WA is capable of arresting the development of breast cancer via targeting estrogen receptor. OBJECTIVE The present study is aimed at understanding the molecular level interactions of ER and Tamoxifen in comparison to Withaferin A using In-silico approaches with emphasis on Withaferin A binding capability with ER in presence of point mutations which are causing de novo drug resistance to existing drugs like Tamoxifen. METHODS Molecular modeling and docking studies were performed for the Tamoxifen and Withaferin A with the Estrogen receptor. Molecular docking simulations of estrogen receptor in complex with Tamoxifen and Withaferin A were also performed. RESULTS Amino acid residues, Glu353, Arg394 and Leu387 was observed as crucial for binding and stabilizing the protein-ligand complex in case of Tamoxifen and Withaferin-A. The potential of Withaferin A to overcome the drug resistance caused by the mutations in estrogen receptor to the existing drugs such as Tamoxifen was demonstrated. CONCLUSION In-silico analysis has elucidated the binding mode and molecular level interactions which are expected to be of great help in further optimizing Withaferin A or design / discovery of future breast cancer inhibitors targeting estrogen receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad A Ali
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh- 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Abul Farah
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh- 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid M Al-Anazi
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh- 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed H Basha
- Innovative Informatica Technologies, HIG, HUDA, Mayuri Nagar, Miyapur, Hyderabad, 500 049, India
| | - Fang Bai
- Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, United States
| | - Joongku Lee
- Department of Environment and Forest Resources, Chungnam National University, Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Fahad M A Al-Hemaid
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh- 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed H Mahmoud
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh- 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waleed A Q Hailan
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh- 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Lacombe J, Cretignier T, Meli L, Wijeratne EMK, Veuthey JL, Cuendet M, Gunatilaka AAL, Zenhausern F. Withanolide D Enhances Radiosensitivity of Human Cancer Cells by Inhibiting DNA Damage Non-homologous End Joining Repair Pathway. Front Oncol 2020; 9:1468. [PMID: 31970089 PMCID: PMC6960174 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Along with surgery and chemotherapy, radiation therapy (RT) is an important modality in cancer treatment, and the development of radiosensitizers is a current key challenge in radiobiology to maximize RT efficiency. In this study, the radiosensitizing effect of a natural compound from the withanolide family, withanolide D (WD), was assessed. Clonogenic assays showed that a 1 h WD pretreatment (0.7 μM) before irradiation decreased the surviving fraction of several cancer cell lines. To determine the mechanisms by which WD achieved its radiosensitizing effect, we then assessed whether WD could promote radiation-induced DNA damages and inhibit double-strand breaks (DSBs) repair in SKOV3 cells. Comet and γH2AX/53BP1 foci formation assays confirmed that DSBs were higher between 1 and 24 h after 2 Gy-irradiation in WD-treated cells compared to vehicle-treated cells, suggesting that WD induced the persistence of radiation-induced DNA damages. Immunoblotting was then performed to investigate protein expression involved in DNA repair pathways. Interestingly, DNA-PKc, ATM, and their phosphorylated forms appeared to be inhibited 24 h post-irradiation in WD-treated samples. XRCC4 expression was also down-regulated while RAD51 expression did not change compared to vehicle-treated cells suggesting that only non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) pathways was inhibited by WD. Mitotic catastrophe (MC) was then investigated in SKOV3, a p53-deficient cell line, to assess the consequence of such inhibition. MC was induced after irradiation and was predominant in WD-treated samples as shown by the few numbers of cells pursuing into anaphase and the increased amount of bipolar metaphasic cells. Together, these data demonstrated that WD could be a promising radiosensitizer candidate for RT by inhibiting NHEJ pathway and promoting MC. Additional studies are required to better understand its efficiency and mechanism of action in more relevant clinical models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerome Lacombe
- Center for Applied NanoBioscience and Medicine, College of Medicine Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Titouan Cretignier
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Laetitia Meli
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - E M Kithsiri Wijeratne
- Southwest Center for Natural Products Research, School of Natural Resources & the Environment, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Jean-Luc Veuthey
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Muriel Cuendet
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - A A Leslie Gunatilaka
- Southwest Center for Natural Products Research, School of Natural Resources & the Environment, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Frederic Zenhausern
- Center for Applied NanoBioscience and Medicine, College of Medicine Phoenix, University of Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, United States.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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25
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Gajendran B, Durai P, Madhu Varier K, Chinnasamy A. A novel phytosterol isolated from Datura inoxia, RinoxiaB is a potential cure colon cancer agent by targeting BAX/Bcl2 pathway. Bioorg Med Chem 2019; 28:115242. [PMID: 31866271 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2019.115242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Plant sterols have been widely used as chemotherapeutic agents for colorectal cancer for years together. In this study, a novel phytosterol was isolated and characterized from the leaf extract of a medicinal plant, Datura inoxia and was coined as RinoxiaB (RB). This phytosterol was observed to have antiproliferative activity against human colon adenocarcinoma cells, HCT 15. The cell viability assay revealed the IC50 value of the RB as 4 µM. Moreover, RB treated cells showed prominent morphological changes dose dependently and progressively increased the number of dead cells. Additionally, results of the comet, flow cytometry, and cell cycle analysis revealed that the majority of cells were arrested in their S and G2/M phase by blocking the mitotic spindle formation. The western blot analysis (Bcl-2, BAX, Cytochrome C, Caspases 9 & 3) clearly indicated that RB has the ability to induce apoptosis by significantly upregulating (P < 0.05) Bcl-2 and causing mitochondrial damage leading to Cytochrome C release and activation of caspases, which subsequently results in downregulation of BAX expression in the cytosol. Furthermore, the expression of tumor suppressors (p53 and p21) and cell cycle regulatory proteins (Cyclins D1 & B1) suggested that RB inhibit cell proliferation. Thus, the present finding concludes that RB can offer possible apoptotic effects by targeting BAX/Bcl2 pathway in HCT 15 cells, thus alleviating colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babu Gajendran
- Department of Zoology, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600025, Tamil Nadu, India; State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550014, Guizhou Province, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550014, Guizhou Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Prabhu Durai
- Department of Zoology, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600025, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Krishnapriya Madhu Varier
- Department of Zoology, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600025, Tamil Nadu, India; Department of Medical Biochemistry, Dr. ALM PGIBMS, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Chennai 600113, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Arulvasu Chinnasamy
- Department of Zoology, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600025, Tamil Nadu, India.
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26
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Li K, Wang L, Yu A, Zhu L, Zhang L, Gu Y, Meng X. Synthesis of Benzothiophene-Fused Oxa[6.6.5]tricyclic Skeletons through a Cinchonidine- or NaOH-Promoted Quadruple Domino Sequence. Chemistry 2019; 25:9665-9669. [PMID: 31066939 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201900890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Two base-promoted quadruple domino reactions between thioaurones and allylic phosphonium salts have been developed to synthesize benzothiophene-fused oxa[6.6.5]tricyclic skeletons in moderate to good yields with excellent stereoselectivity and broad functional-group tolerance. This is a simple and useful protocol for the rapid construction of the umbrella-like oxa[6.6.5]tricyclic skeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Organic Solar Cells and Photochemical Conversion, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, P.R. China
| | - Liang Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Organic Solar Cells and Photochemical Conversion, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, P.R. China
| | - Aimin Yu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Organic Solar Cells and Photochemical Conversion, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, P.R. China
| | - Lingli Zhu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Organic Solar Cells and Photochemical Conversion, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, P.R. China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Tianjin Engineering Technology Center of Chemical, Wastewater Source Reduction and Recycling, School of Science, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin, 300384, P.R. China
| | - Yingchun Gu
- Tianjin Engineering Technology Center of Chemical, Wastewater Source Reduction and Recycling, School of Science, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin, 300384, P.R. China
| | - Xiangtai Meng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Organic Solar Cells and Photochemical Conversion, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, P.R. China
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27
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Sehrawat A, Samanta SK, Hahm ER, St Croix C, Watkins S, Singh SV. Withaferin A-mediated apoptosis in breast cancer cells is associated with alterations in mitochondrial dynamics. Mitochondrion 2019; 47:282-293. [PMID: 30685490 PMCID: PMC6599725 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2019.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Withaferin A (WA), a steroidal lactone derived from a medicinal plant (Withania somnifera), inhibits cancer development in transgenic and chemically-induced rodent models of breast cancer but the underlying mechanism is not fully grasped. We have shown previously that WA treatment causes apoptotic cell death in human breast cancer cells that is preceded by inhibition of complex III of the mitochondrial electron transport chain. This study extends these observations to now demonstrate alterations in mitochondrial dynamics in WA-induced apoptosis. Assembly of complex III was decreased in MCF-7 and SUM159 cells but not in MDA-MB-231 as determined by native blue gel electrophoresis. Because WA is a Michael acceptor (electrophile), we explored the possibility of whether it covalently modifies cysteine residue(s) in ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase, Rieske iron-sulfur polypeptide 1 (UQCRFS1). Covalent modification of cysteine in UQCRFS1 was not observed after WA treatment. Instead, WA treatment inhibited chemically-induced mitochondrial fusion and decreased the mitochondrial volume, and this effect was accompanied by a decrease in the expression of proteins involved in fusion process, including mitofusin1, mitofusin2, and full-length optic atrophy protein 1 (OPA1). A loss of volume in fragmented mitochondria also occurred in WA-exposed cells when compared to vehicle-treated control. WA treatment also caused a decrease in protein level of mitochondrial fission-regulating protein dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1). Functional studies revealed that DRP1 deficiency and OPA1 knockdown attenuated apoptotic potential of WA. Taken together, these results indicate that WA not only alters Complex III assembly but also inhibits mitochondrial dynamics in breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuradha Sehrawat
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Suman K Samanta
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Life Sciences Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Guwahati, India
| | - Eun-Ryeong Hahm
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Claudette St Croix
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Simon Watkins
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Shivendra V Singh
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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28
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Profiling withanolide A for therapeutic targets in neurodegenerative diseases. Bioorg Med Chem 2019; 27:2508-2520. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2019.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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29
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Perestelo NR, Llanos GG, Reyes CP, Amesty A, Sooda K, Afshinjavid S, Jiménez IA, Javid F, Bazzocchi IL. Expanding the Chemical Space of Withaferin A by Incorporating Silicon To Improve Its Clinical Potential on Human Ovarian Carcinoma Cells. J Med Chem 2019; 62:4571-4585. [PMID: 31008605 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer represents the seventh most commonly diagnosed cancer worldwide. Herein, we report on the development of a withaferin A (WA)-silyl ether library with 30 analogues reported for the first time. Cytotoxicity assays on human epithelial ovarian carcinoma cisplatin-sensitive and -resistant cell lines identified eight analogues displaying nanomolar potency (IC50 ranging from 1 to 32 nM), higher than that of the lead compound and reference drug. This cytotoxic potency is also coupled with a good selectivity index on a nontumoral cell line. Cell cycle analysis of two potent analogues revealed cell death by apoptosis without indication of cell cycle arrest in G0/G1 phase. The structure-activity relationship and in silico absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion studies demonstrated that the incorporation of silicon and a carbonyl group at C-4 in the WA framework enhances potency, selectivity, and drug likeness. These findings reveal analogues 22, 23, and 25 as potential candidates for clinical translation in patients with relapsed ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayra R Perestelo
- Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica Antonio González, Departamento de Química Orgánica , Universidad de La Laguna , Avenida Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 2 , 38206 La Laguna , Tenerife , Spain
| | - Gabriel G Llanos
- Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica Antonio González, Departamento de Química Orgánica , Universidad de La Laguna , Avenida Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 2 , 38206 La Laguna , Tenerife , Spain
| | - Carolina P Reyes
- Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica Antonio González, Departamento de Química Orgánica , Universidad de La Laguna , Avenida Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 2 , 38206 La Laguna , Tenerife , Spain
| | - Angel Amesty
- Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica Antonio González, Departamento de Química Orgánica , Universidad de La Laguna , Avenida Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 2 , 38206 La Laguna , Tenerife , Spain
| | - Kartheek Sooda
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Applied Science , University of Huddersfield , Queensgate, Huddersfield HD1 3DH , United Kingdom
| | - Saeed Afshinjavid
- College of Arts, Technology and Innovation (ATI) , University of East London , London E16 2RD , United Kingdom
| | - Ignacio A Jiménez
- Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica Antonio González, Departamento de Química Orgánica , Universidad de La Laguna , Avenida Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 2 , 38206 La Laguna , Tenerife , Spain
| | - Farideh Javid
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Applied Science , University of Huddersfield , Queensgate, Huddersfield HD1 3DH , United Kingdom
| | - Isabel L Bazzocchi
- Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica Antonio González, Departamento de Química Orgánica , Universidad de La Laguna , Avenida Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 2 , 38206 La Laguna , Tenerife , Spain
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30
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Chhetri BK, Lavoie S, Sweeney-Jones AM, Kubanek J. Recent trends in the structural revision of natural products. Nat Prod Rep 2019; 35:514-531. [PMID: 29623331 DOI: 10.1039/c8np00011e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Covering: 2012 to 2017 This article reviews recent reports on the structural revision of natural products. Through a critical assessment of the original and revised published structures, the article addresses why each structure was targeted for revision, discusses the techniques and key discrepancies that led to the proposal of the revised structure, and offers measures that may have been taken during the original structure determination to prevent error. With the revised structures in hand, weaknesses of original proposals are assessed, providing a better understanding on the logic behind structure determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhuwan Khatri Chhetri
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
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31
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Cardellina JH, Cragg GM, Kingston DGI, Newman DJ. Special Issue in Honor of Dr. Barbara N. Timmermann. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2019; 82:425-426. [PMID: 30897909 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.9b00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
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32
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Wang SB, Zhu DR, Nie B, Li J, Zhang YJ, Kong LY, Luo JG. Cytotoxic withanolides from the aerial parts of Tubocapsicum anomalum. Bioorg Chem 2018; 81:396-404. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2018.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Fan Y, Mao Y, Cao S, Xia G, Zhang Q, Zhang H, Qiu F, Kang N. S5, a Withanolide Isolated from Physalis Pubescens L., Induces G2/M Cell Cycle Arrest via the EGFR/P38 Pathway in Human Melanoma A375 Cells. Molecules 2018; 23:E3175. [PMID: 30513793 PMCID: PMC6321527 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23123175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 11/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
S5 is a withanolide natural product isolated from Physalis pubescens L. Our previous experimental studies found that it has significant antitumor activity on renal cell carcinoma. In the present study, the anti-melanoma effect of S5 and the related molecular mechanism was first investigated. It was found that S5 induced an obvious growth inhibitory effect on human melanoma A375 cells with low toxicity to human peripheral blood cells. Furthermore, the results demonstrated that the cell death mode of S5 on A375 cells is not due to inducing apoptosis and autophagy. However, there was a significant time-dependent increase in G2/M phase after treatment of A375 with S5. Meanwhile, S5 could also decrease the protein expression of Cdc25c, Cdc2, and CyclinB1, and increased the expression of p-P53 and P21, suggesting that S5 inhibited A375 cell death through G2/M phase arrest. Moreover, the signal pathway factors P38, extracellular regulated protein kinases (ERK), and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) were observed taking part in the S5-induced A375 cells growth inhibitory effect. In addition, suppressing P38 and EGFR reversed the cell proliferation inhibitory effect and G2/M cell cycle arrest induced by S5 and inhibition of EGFR enhanced the downregulation of the expression of P38 and p-P38, indicating that S5 induced A375 G2/M arrest through the EGFR/P38 pathway. Briefly, this study explained for the first time the mechanism of S5-induced A375 cell growth inhibition in order to provide the basis for its clinical application in melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Fan
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China.
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China.
| | - Yiwei Mao
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China.
| | - Shijie Cao
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China.
| | - Guiyang Xia
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China.
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China.
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China.
| | - Hongyang Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China.
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China.
| | - Feng Qiu
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China.
| | - Ning Kang
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China.
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Ben Bakrim W, El Bouzidi L, Nuzillard JM, Cretton S, Saraux N, Monteillier A, Christen P, Cuendet M, Bekkouche K. Bioactive metabolites from the leaves of Withania adpressa. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2018; 56:505-510. [PMID: 30451050 PMCID: PMC6249549 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2018.1499781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Withania (Solanaceae) species are known to be a rich source of withanolides, which have shown several biological properties. OBJECTIVE To identify the compounds responsible for Withania adpressa Coss. antioxidant activity and further test them for their NF-κB inhibition and antiproliferative activity in multiple myeloma cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS Compounds were obtained from the EtOAc extract of W. adpressa leaves. Structure elucidation was carried out mainly by 1D- and 2D-NMR, and mass spectrometry. Isolated compounds were tested in a dose-response for their in vitro NF-κB inhibition and antiproliferative activity in multiple myeloma cells after 5 and 72 h treatment, respectively. RESULTS The fractionation resulted in the isolation of a new glycowithanolide named wadpressine (5) together with withanolide F, withaferin A, coagulin L, and nicotiflorin. The latter showed a moderate ability to scavenge free radicals in DPPH (IC50 = 35.3 µM) and NO (IC50 = 41.3 µM) assays. Withanolide F and withaferin A exhibited low µM antiproliferative activity against both multiple myeloma cancer stem cells and RPMI 8226 cells. Furthermore, they inhibited NF-κB activity with IC50 values of 1.2 and 0.047 µM, respectively. The other compounds showed a moderate inhibition of cell proliferation in RPMI 8226 cells, but were inactive against cancer stem cells and did not inhibit NF-κB activity. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS One new glycowithanolide and four known compounds were isolated. Biological evaluation data gave further insight on the antitumor potential of withanolides for refractory cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Widad Ben Bakrim
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Laboratory of Biotechnology, Protection and Valorisation of Plant Resources (URAC35 association Unit), Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Laila El Bouzidi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Laboratory of Biotechnology, Protection and Valorisation of Plant Resources (URAC35 association Unit), Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Jean-Marc Nuzillard
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims, UMR CNRS 7312, SFR Cap-Santé FED 4231, UFR de Pharmacie, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Sylvian Cretton
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Noémie Saraux
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Aymeric Monteillier
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Christen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Muriel Cuendet
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Khalid Bekkouche
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Laboratory of Biotechnology, Protection and Valorisation of Plant Resources (URAC35 association Unit), Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco
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35
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Leishmanicidal Activity of Withanolides from Aureliana Fasciculata var. Fasciculata. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23123160. [PMID: 30513673 PMCID: PMC6320798 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23123160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is the generic denomination to the neglected diseases caused by more than 20 species of protozoa belonging to the genus Leishmania. The toxic and parenteral-delivered pentavalent antimonials remain to be the first-line treatment. However, all the current used drugs have restrictions. The species Aureliana fasciculata (Vell.) Sendtner var. fasciculata is a native Brazilian species parsimoniously studied on a chemical point of view. In this study, the antileishmanial activity of A. fasciculata was evaluated. Among the evaluated samples of the leaves, the dichloromethane partition (AFfDi) showed the more pronounced activity, with IC50 1.85 µg/ml against promastigotes of L. amazonensis. From AFfDi, two active withanolides were isolated, the Aurelianolides A and B, with IC50 7.61 μM and 7.94 μM, respectively. The withanolides also proved to be active against the clinically important form, the intracellular amastigote, with IC50 2.25 μM and 6.43 μM for Aurelianolides A and B, respectively. Furthermore, withanolides showed results for in silico parameters of absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) similar to miltefosine, the reference drug, and were predicted as good oral drugs, with the advantage of not being hepatotoxic. These results suggest that these compounds can be useful as scaffolds for planning drug design.
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Zhang Y, Chen C, Zhang YL, Kong LY, Luo JG. Target discovery of cytotoxic withanolides from Physalis angulata var. villosa via reactivity-based screening. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 151:194-199. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.12.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Subramanian C, Grogan PT, Opipari VP, Timmermann BN, Cohen MS. Novel natural withanolides induce apoptosis and inhibit migration of neuroblastoma cells through down regulation of N-myc and suppression of Akt/mTOR/NF-κB activation. Oncotarget 2018; 9:14509-14523. [PMID: 29581860 PMCID: PMC5865686 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite recent advances in intensive chemotherapy treatments, long-term success is achieved in less than 30% of children with high-risk neuroblastoma (NB). Key regulatory pathways including the PI3K/Akt, mTOR and NF-κB are implicated in the pathogenesis of NB. Although drugs targeting these individual pathways are in clinical trials, they are not effective due to the activation of compensatory mechanisms. We have previously reported that natural novel withanolides from Physalis longifolia can potently inhibit these key regulatory pathways simultaneously. In the present study, we examined the efficacy and mechanisms through which novel withanolides and their acetate derivatives (WGA-TA and WGB-DA) from P.longifolia kill NB cells. The results from the study demonstrated that our novel acetate derivatives are highly effective in inhibiting the proliferation, shifting the cell cycle and inducing apoptosis in a dose dependent manner. Analysis of oncogenic pathway proteins targeted by withanolides indicated induction of heat shock response due to oxidative stress. Dose dependent decrease in clients of HSP90 chaperone function due to suppression of Akt, mTOR, and NF-κB pathways led to decrease in the expressions of target genes such as cyclin D1, N-myc and Survivin. Additionally, there was a dose dependent attenuation of the migration and invasion of NB cells. Furthermore, the lead compound WGA-TA showed significant reduction in tumor growth of NB xenografts. Taken together, these results suggest that withanolides are an effective therapeutic option against NBs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Patrick T Grogan
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Valerie P Opipari
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Mark S Cohen
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Structure-based design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of withaferin A-analogues as potent apoptotic inducers. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 140:52-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Chaudhary A, Kalra RS, Huang C, Prakash J, Kaul SC, Wadhwa R. 2,3-Dihydro-3β-methoxy Withaferin-A Protects Normal Cells against Stress: Molecular Evidence of Its Potent Cytoprotective Activity. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2017; 80:2756-2760. [PMID: 29043807 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.7b00573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
2,3-Dihydro-3β-methoxy withaferin-A (3βmWi-A) is a natural withanolide that is structurally close to withaferin-A (Wi-A), is cytotoxic to human cancer cells, and is a candidate anticancer natural compound. Using cell-based biochemical, molecular, and imaging assays, we report that Wi-A and 3βmWi-A possess contrasting activities. Whereas Wi-A caused oxidative stress to normal cells, 3βmWi-A was well tolerated at even 10-fold higher concentrations. Furthermore, it promoted survival and protected normal cells against oxidative, UV radiation, and chemical stresses. We provide molecular evidence that 3βmWi-A induces antistress and pro-survival signaling through activation of the pAkt/MAPK pathway. We demonstrate that 3βmWi-A (i) contrary to Wi-A is safe and possesses stress-relieving activity, (ii) when given subsequent to a variety of stress factors including Wi-A, protects normal cells against their toxicity, and (iii) is a vital compound that may guard normal cells against the toxicity associated with various targeted therapeutic regimes in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupama Chaudhary
- DAILAB, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology (AIST) , Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Rajkumar S Kalra
- DAILAB, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology (AIST) , Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Chuang Huang
- DAILAB, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology (AIST) , Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Jay Prakash
- DAILAB, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology (AIST) , Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Sunil C Kaul
- DAILAB, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology (AIST) , Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Renu Wadhwa
- DAILAB, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology (AIST) , Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
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Natural Withanolides in the Treatment of Chronic Diseases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 928:329-373. [PMID: 27671823 PMCID: PMC7121644 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-41334-1_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Withanolides, and in particular extracts from Withania somnifera, have been used for over 3,000 years in traditional Ayurvedic and Unani Indian medical systems as well as within several other Asian countries. Traditionally, the extracts were ascribed a wide range of pharmacologic properties with corresponding medical uses, including adaptogenic, diuretic, anti-inflammatory, sedative/anxiolytic, cytotoxic, antitussive, and immunomodulatory. Since the discovery of the archetype withaferin A in 1965, approximately 900 of these naturally occurring, polyoxygenated steroidal lactones with 28-carbon ergostane skeletons have been discovered across 24 diverse structural types. Subsequently, extensive pharmacologic research has identified multiple mechanisms of action across key inflammatory pathways. In this chapter we identify and describe the major withanolides with anti-inflammatory properties, illustrate their role within essential and supportive inflammatory pathways (including NF-κB, JAK/STAT, AP-1, PPARγ, Hsp90 Nrf2, and HIF-1), and then discuss the clinical application of these withanolides in inflammation-mediated chronic diseases (including arthritis, autoimmune, cancer, neurodegenerative, and neurobehavioral). These naturally derived compounds exhibit remarkable biologic activity across these complex disease processes, while showing minimal adverse effects. As novel compounds and analogs continue to be discovered, characterized, and clinically evaluated, the interest in withanolides as a novel therapeutic only continues to grow.
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Xia G, Li Y, Sun J, Wang L, Tang X, Lin B, Kang N, Huang J, Chen L, Qiu F. Withanolides from the stems and leaves of Physalis pubescens and their cytotoxic activity. Steroids 2016; 115:136-146. [PMID: 27623060 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2016.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Revised: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
A phytochemical study of Physalis pubescens L. afforded twelve compounds, including six new withanolides (1, 4, and 6i-9), four new withanolide glucosides (2, 3, 5, and 6), and two known withanolides (10 and 11). Their structures were established via extensive spectroscopic analysis. The absolute configuration of 3 was assigned using X-ray crystallography, and the absolute configurations of the 1,2-diol moiety in 1 were determined using the in situ dimolybdenum electronic circular dichroism method. Compounds 7, 9, and 10 exhibited significant cytotoxicity against human prostate cancer cells (C4-2B and 22Rvl), human renal carcinoma cells (786-O, A-498, Caki-2, and ACHN), human melanoma cells (A375 and A375-S2), and human normal hepatic cell line (L02) with IC50 values in the range of 0.17-5.30μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiyang Xia
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China; Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine and School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 312 Anshanxi Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300193, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiawen Sun
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Liqing Wang
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolong Tang
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Lin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Kang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine and School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 312 Anshanxi Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300193, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Huang
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Lixia Chen
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China.
| | - Feng Qiu
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China; Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine and School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 312 Anshanxi Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300193, People's Republic of China.
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42
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Chen L, Xia G, Qiu F, Wu C, Denmon AP, Zi X. Physapubescin selectively induces apoptosis in VHL-null renal cell carcinoma cells through down-regulation of HIF-2α and inhibits tumor growth. Sci Rep 2016; 6:32582. [PMID: 27581364 PMCID: PMC5007653 DOI: 10.1038/srep32582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We have purified physapubescin, a predominant steroidal lactone, from medicinal plant Physalis pubescens L., commonly named as "hairy groundcherry" in English and "Deng-Long-Cao" in Chinese. Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL)-null 786-O, RCC4 and A498 Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC) cell lines expressing high levels of Hypoxia Inducible Factor (HIF)-2α are more sensitive to physapubescin-mediated apoptosis and growth inhibitory effect than VHL wild-type Caki-2 and ACHN RCC cell lines. Restoration of VHL in RCC4 cells attenuated the growth inhibitory effect of physapubescin. Physapubescin decreases the expression of HIF-2α and increases the expression of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologus protein (CHOP), which leads to up-regulation of death receptor 5 (DR5), activation of caspase-8 and -3, cleavage of poly (ADP-Ribose) polymerase (PARP) and apoptosis. Under hypoxia conditions, the apoptotic and growth inhibitory effects of physapubescin are further enhanced. Additionally, physapubescin synergizes with TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) for markedly enhanced induction of apoptosis in VHL-null 786-O cells but not in VHL wild-type Caki-2 cells. Physapubescin significantly inhibited in vivo angiogenesis in the 786-O xenograft. Physapubescin as a novel agent for elimination of VHL-null RCC cells via apoptosis is warranted for further investigation.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/pharmacology
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors/antagonists & inhibitors
- Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors/genetics
- Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/pathology
- Caspase 3/genetics
- Caspase 3/metabolism
- Caspase 8/genetics
- Caspase 8/metabolism
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Gene Deletion
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Hypoxia/drug therapy
- Hypoxia/genetics
- Hypoxia/metabolism
- Hypoxia/pathology
- Kidney Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Kidney Neoplasms/genetics
- Kidney Neoplasms/metabolism
- Kidney Neoplasms/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Nude
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/genetics
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/metabolism
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/pathology
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/prevention & control
- Physalis/chemistry
- Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases/genetics
- Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases/metabolism
- Receptors, TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand/genetics
- Receptors, TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand/pharmacology
- Transcription Factor CHOP/agonists
- Transcription Factor CHOP/genetics
- Transcription Factor CHOP/metabolism
- Tumor Burden/drug effects
- Von Hippel-Lindau Tumor Suppressor Protein/genetics
- Von Hippel-Lindau Tumor Suppressor Protein/metabolism
- Withanolides/pharmacology
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Chen
- Departments of Urology and Pharmacology, Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Irvine, Orange, CA 92868, USA
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, P. R. China
| | - Guiyang Xia
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, P. R. China
| | - Feng Qiu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica and Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, P. R. China
| | - Chunli Wu
- Departments of Urology and Pharmacology, Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Irvine, Orange, CA 92868, USA
- Co-innovation Center of Henan Province for New Drug R & D and Preclinical Safety and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P. R. China
| | - Andria P. Denmon
- Departments of Urology and Pharmacology, Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Irvine, Orange, CA 92868, USA
| | - Xiaolin Zi
- Departments of Urology and Pharmacology, Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Irvine, Orange, CA 92868, USA
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43
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Sun CP, Qiu CY, Yuan T, Nie XF, Sun HX, Zhang Q, Li HX, Ding LQ, Zhao F, Chen LX, Qiu F. Antiproliferative and Anti-inflammatory Withanolides from Physalis angulata. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2016; 79:1586-97. [PMID: 27295506 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.6b00094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Sixteen new withanolides, physangulatins A-N (1-14) and withaphysalins Y and Z (15 and 16), as well as 12 known analogues, were isolated from the stems and leaves of Physalis angulata L. Their structures were established using extensive spectroscopic data analyses. The absolute configurations of 1 and 9 were assigned via X-ray crystallography. The isolated compounds were tested for their antiproliferative effects against human prostate cancer cells (C4-2B and 22Rvl), human renal carcinoma cells (786-O, A-498, and ACHN), and human melanoma cells (A375-S2), as well as inhibitory effects on NO production induced by LPS in macrophages. Compounds 9, 17, 20, 21, 25, and 27 showed antiproliferative effects against all tested cancer cells, with IC50 values of 0.18-7.43 μM. Compounds 3-5, 9-11, 17, 20-22, 24, 25, and 27 displayed inhibitory effects against NO production, with IC50 values of 1.36-11.59 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Peng Sun
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Chong-Yue Qiu
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Yuan
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiu-Fang Nie
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Xin Sun
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University , Yantai, 264005, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui-Xiang Li
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University , Yantai, 264005, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Qin Ding
- School of Chinese Materia Medica and Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , 312 Anshanxi Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300193, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University , Yantai, 264005, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Xia Chen
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Qiu
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
- School of Chinese Materia Medica and Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , 312 Anshanxi Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300193, People's Republic of China
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44
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Withanolides derived from Physalis peruviana (Poha) with potential anti-inflammatory activity. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:2755-2759. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.04.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Revised: 04/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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45
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Park EJ, Sang-Ngern M, Chang LC, Pezzuto JM. Induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis with downregulation of Hsp90 client proteins and histone modification by 4β-hydroxywithanolide E isolated from Physalis peruviana. Mol Nutr Food Res 2016; 60:1482-500. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201500977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Jung Park
- Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy; University of Hawai‘i at Hilo; Hilo HI USA
- Arnold and Marie Schwartz College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences; Long Island University; Brooklyn NY USA
| | - Mayuramas Sang-Ngern
- Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy; University of Hawai‘i at Hilo; Hilo HI USA
| | - Leng Chee Chang
- Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy; University of Hawai‘i at Hilo; Hilo HI USA
| | - John M. Pezzuto
- Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy; University of Hawai‘i at Hilo; Hilo HI USA
- Arnold and Marie Schwartz College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences; Long Island University; Brooklyn NY USA
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46
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Xu YM, Bunting DP, Liu MX, Bandaranayake HA, Gunatilaka AAL. 17β-Hydroxy-18-acetoxywithanolides from Aeroponically Grown Physalis crassifolia and Their Potent and Selective Cytotoxicity for Prostate Cancer Cells. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2016; 79:821-830. [PMID: 27071003 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.5b00911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
When cultivated under aeroponic growth conditions, Physalis crassifolia produced 11 new withanolides (1-11) and seven known withanolides (12-18) including those obtained from the wild-crafted plant. The structures of the new withanolides were elucidated by the application of spectroscopic techniques, and the known withanolides were identified by comparison of their spectroscopic data with those reported. Withanolides 1-11 and 16 were evaluated for their potential anticancer activity using five tumor cell lines. Of these, the 17β-hydroxy-18-acetoxywithanolides 1, 2, 6, 7, and 16 showed potent antiproliferative activity, with some having selectivity for prostate adenocarcinoma (LNCaP and PC-3M) compared to the breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7), non-small-cell lung cancer (NCI-H460), and CNS glioma (SF-268) cell lines used. The cytotoxicity data obtained for 12-15, 17, and 19 have provided additional structure-activity relationship information for the 17β-hydroxy-18-acetoxywithanolides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-ming Xu
- Natural Products Center, School of Natural Resources and the Environment, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona , 250 E. Valencia Road, Tucson, Arizona 85706, United States
| | - Daniel P Bunting
- Natural Products Center, School of Natural Resources and the Environment, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona , 250 E. Valencia Road, Tucson, Arizona 85706, United States
| | - Manping X Liu
- Natural Products Center, School of Natural Resources and the Environment, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona , 250 E. Valencia Road, Tucson, Arizona 85706, United States
| | - Hema A Bandaranayake
- Natural Products Center, School of Natural Resources and the Environment, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona , 250 E. Valencia Road, Tucson, Arizona 85706, United States
| | - A A Leslie Gunatilaka
- Natural Products Center, School of Natural Resources and the Environment, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona , 250 E. Valencia Road, Tucson, Arizona 85706, United States
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47
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Zhang H, Timmermann BN. Withanolide Structural Revisions by (13)C NMR Spectroscopic Analysis Inclusive of the γ-Gauche Effect. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2016; 79:732-742. [PMID: 26894655 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.5b00648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A classic withanolide is defined as a highly oxygenated C28 ergostane-type steroid that is characterized by a C22-hydroxy-C26-oic acid δ-lactone in the nine-carbon side chain. Analysis of the reported (13)C NMR data of classic withanolides with hydroxy groups (C-14, C-17, and C-20) revealed that (1) a hydroxy (C-14 or C-17) substituent significantly alters the chemical shifts (C-7, C-9, C-12, and C-21) via the γ-gauche effect; (2) the chemical shift values (C-9, C-12, and C-21) reflect the orientation (α or β) of the hydroxy moiety (C-14 or C-17); (3) a double-bond positional change in ring A (Δ(2) to Δ(3)), or hydroxylation (C-27), results in a minuscule effect on the chemical shifts of carbons in rings C and D (from C-12 to C-18); and (4) the (13)C NMR γ-gauche effect method is more convenient and reliable than the traditional approach ((1)H NMR shift comparisons in C5D5N versus CDCl3) to probe the orientation of the hydroxy substituent (C-14 and C-17). Utilization of these rules demonstrated that the reported (13)C NMR data of withanolides 1a-29a were inconsistent with their published structures, which were subsequently revised as 1-16 and 12 and 18-29, respectively. When combined, this strongly supports the application of these methods to determine the relative configuration of steroidal substituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaping Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Kansas , Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Barbara N Timmermann
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Kansas , Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
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48
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Cao CM, Wu X, Kindscher K, Xu L, Timmermann BN. Withanolides and Sucrose Esters from Physalis neomexicana. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2015; 78:2488-2493. [PMID: 26492982 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.5b00698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Four withanolides (1-4) and two sucrose esters (5, 6) were isolated from the aerial parts of Physalis neomexicana. The structures of 1-6 were elucidated through a variety of spectroscopic techniques. Cytotoxicity studies of the isolates revealed that 2 inhibited human breast cancer cell lines (MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7) with IC50 values of 1.7 and 6.3 μM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kelly Kindscher
- Kansas Biological Survey, University of Kansas , Lawrence, Kansas 66047, United States
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49
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Gallagher RJ, Subramanian C, Grogan PT, Kindscher K, Cao CM, Zhang H, Cohen MS, Timmermann BN. The therapeutic potential of Physalis longifolia against various carcinomas. PHARMANUTRITION 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2015.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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50
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Xu YM, Liu MX, Grunow N, Wijeratne EMK, Paine-Murrieta G, Felder S, Kris RM, Gunatilaka AAL. Discovery of Potent 17β-Hydroxywithanolides for Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer by High-Throughput Screening of a Natural Products Library for Androgen-Induced Gene Expression Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2015; 58:6984-93. [PMID: 26305181 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b00867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PC) is the second most prevalent cancer among men in Western societies, and those who develop metastatic castration-resistant PC (CRPC) invariably succumb to the disease. The need for effective treatments for CRPC is a pressing concern, especially due to limited durable responses with currently employed therapies. Here, we demonstrate the successful application of a high-throughput gene-expression profiling assay directly targeting genes of the androgen receptor pathway to screen a natural products library leading to the identification of 17β-hydroxywithanolides 1-5, of which physachenolide D (5) exhibited potent and selective in vitro activity against two PC cell lines, LNCaP and PC-3. Epoxidation of 5 afforded physachenolide C (6) with higher potency and stability. Structure-activity relationships for withanolides as potential anti-PC agents are presented together with in vivo efficacy studies on compound 6, suggesting that 17β-hydroxywithanolides are promising candidates for further development as CRPC therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ming Xu
- Natural Products Center, School of Natural Resources and the Environment, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona , 250 East Valencia Road, Tucson, Arizona 85706, United States
| | - Manping X Liu
- Natural Products Center, School of Natural Resources and the Environment, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona , 250 East Valencia Road, Tucson, Arizona 85706, United States
| | - Nathan Grunow
- NuvoGen Research LLC , P.O. Box 64326, Tucson, Arizona 85728, United States
| | - E M Kithsiri Wijeratne
- Natural Products Center, School of Natural Resources and the Environment, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona , 250 East Valencia Road, Tucson, Arizona 85706, United States
| | - Gillian Paine-Murrieta
- University of Arizona Cancer Center , 1515 North Campbell Avenue, Tucson, Arizona 85724, United States
| | - Stephen Felder
- NuvoGen Research LLC , P.O. Box 64326, Tucson, Arizona 85728, United States
| | - Richard M Kris
- NuvoGen Research LLC , P.O. Box 64326, Tucson, Arizona 85728, United States
| | - A A Leslie Gunatilaka
- Natural Products Center, School of Natural Resources and the Environment, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona , 250 East Valencia Road, Tucson, Arizona 85706, United States
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