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Cholewińska E, Sołek P, Juśkiewicz J, Fotschki B, Dworzański W, Ognik K. Chromium nanoparticles improve bone turnover regulation in rats fed a high-fat, low-fibre diet. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0300292. [PMID: 38718051 PMCID: PMC11078379 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of returning to a balanced diet combined with chromium picolinate (CrPic) or chromium nanoparticles (CrNPs) supplementation at a pharmacologically relevant dose of 0.3 mg/kg body weight on the expression level of selected genes and bone turnover markers in the blood and bones of rats fed an obese diet. The results of the study showed that chronic intake of a high-fat obesogenic diet negatively affects bone turnover by impairing processes of both synthesis and degradation of bones. The switch to a healthy diet proved insufficient to regulate bone metabolism disorders induced by an obesogenic diet, even when it was supplemented with chromium, irrespective of its form. Supplementation with CrPic with no change in diet stimulated bone metabolism only at the molecular level, towards increased osteoclastogenesis (bone resorption). In contrast, CrNPs added to the high-fat diet effectively regulated bone turnover by increasing both osteoblastogenesis and osteoclastogenesis, with these changes directed more towards bone formation. The results of the study suggest that unfavourable changes in bone metabolism induced by chronic intake of a high-fat diet can be mitigated by supplementation with CrNPs, whereas a change in eating habits fails to achieve a similar effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Cholewińska
- Faculty of Animal Sciences and Bioeconomy, Department of Biochemistry and Toxicology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Przemysław Sołek
- Faculty of Animal Sciences and Bioeconomy, Department of Biochemistry and Toxicology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Jerzy Juśkiewicz
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Bartosz Fotschki
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Wojciech Dworzański
- Chair and Department of Human Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Ognik
- Faculty of Animal Sciences and Bioeconomy, Department of Biochemistry and Toxicology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
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Wu R, Xu J. Pituitary Stalk Interruption Syndrome with Excessive Height Growth Combined with Congenital Absence of the Uterus and Ovaries: A Rare Case Report and Review of the Literature. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2024; 17:1739-1747. [PMID: 38645656 PMCID: PMC11032157 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s456678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim Pituitary stalk interruption syndrome is a relatively rare disease. Patients with this disease usually have different degrees of short stature in adulthood. The purpose of this case report is to highlight a special case of unusually elongated limbs with excessive height growth and congenital absence of uterus and ovary, so as to improve clinicians understanding of the atypical manifestations of pituitary stalk interruption syndrome and provide reference for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of the disease. Case Presentation The 30-year-old female patient exhibited disproportionate growth in height, with a significant increase from 140 cm at the age of 16 to 180 cm currently. Physical examination revealed widened bilateral eye fissures, underdeveloped secondary sexual characteristics, and absence of menstruation. The patient 's parents are cousins, belonging to consanguineous marriage. The patient 's hypoglycemia provocation test suggested the lack of growth hormone and cortisol. Gonadorelin provocation test suggested hypogonadism, and thyroid function test showed hypothyroidism. Pituitary MRI plain scan and enhancement suggested pituitary stalk interruption syndrome, and abdominal and urinary color Doppler ultrasound suggested no echo of uterus and bilateral appendages in the pelvic cavity. The karyotype of peripheral blood was 45, X[3] / 46, XX [117]. The patient was diagnosed with pituitary stalk interruption syndrome, congenital uterine and ovarian deficiency, bone overgrowth, hypothyroidism and secondary osteoporosis. During hospitalization, the symptoms were improved and discharged after hormone replacement therapy such as physiological dose of glucocorticoid, estradiol valerate tablets and levothyroxine sodium tablets. Now the patient is still in our hospital endocrinology outpatient follow-up, no special discomfort. Conclusion The patient had special clinical manifestations and was clinically confirmed as pituitary stalk interruption syndrome. The patient 's height continues to grow in the absence of growth hormone in the body, and its mechanism remains to be further studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongqian Wu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The 1st Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, People’s Republic of China
- Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, Nanchang, People’s Republic of China
- Jiangxi Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, Nanchang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jixiong Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The 1st Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, People’s Republic of China
- Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, Nanchang, People’s Republic of China
- Jiangxi Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, Nanchang, People’s Republic of China
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Ali A, Flatt PR, Irwin N. Gut-Derived Peptide Hormone Analogues and Potential Treatment of Bone Disorders in Obesity and Diabetes Mellitus. Clin Med Insights Endocrinol Diabetes 2024; 17:11795514241238059. [PMID: 38486712 PMCID: PMC10938612 DOI: 10.1177/11795514241238059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity and diabetes mellitus are prevalent metabolic disorders that have a detrimental impact on overall health. In this regard, there is now a clear link between these metabolic disorders and compromised bone health. Interestingly, both obesity and diabetes lead to elevated risk of bone fracture which is independent of effects on bone mineral density (BMD). In this regard, gastrointestinal (GIT)-derived peptide hormones and their related long-acting analogues, some of which are already clinically approved for diabetes and/or obesity, also seem to possess positive effects on bone remodelling and microarchitecture to reduce bone fracture risk. Specifically, the incretin peptides, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), as well as glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2), exert key direct and/or indirect benefits on bone metabolism. This review aims to provide an initial appraisal of the relationship between obesity, diabetes and bone, with a focus on the positive impact of these GIT-derived peptide hormones for bone health in obesity/diabetes. Brief discussion of related peptides such as parathyroid hormone, leptin, calcitonin and growth hormone is also included. Taken together, drugs engineered to promote GIP, GLP-1 and GLP-2 receptor signalling may have potential to offer therapeutic promise for improving bone health in obesity and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asif Ali
- Diabetes Research Centre, Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Peter R Flatt
- Diabetes Research Centre, Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Nigel Irwin
- Diabetes Research Centre, Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK
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Garg G, Umeano L, Iftikhar S, Alhaddad SF, Paulsingh CN, Riaz MF, Khan S. Breaking It Down: A Systematic Review Unravelling the Impact of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Methylphenidate on Childhood Fractures. Cureus 2024; 16:e56833. [PMID: 38654766 PMCID: PMC11036031 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.56833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Limb fractures are a common cause of pediatric hospital admissions and surgeries, with a significant prevalence in the United Kingdom across all injury categories. Among psychiatric conditions in children, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) stands out as frequently associated with fractures, particularly those involving extremities. ADHD, with diagnoses prevalent among a significant proportion of school-age children and adolescents, has witnessed a growing global incidence. We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 checklist for our systematic literature search, using various databases and specific search terms related to ADHD and fractures. We considered articles from 2018 to 2023, focusing on English language papers with free full-text access. Our selection process used the PRISMA flowchart. We began with 1,890 articles and, after deduplication, title screening, abstract assessment, and quality evaluation included nine research papers in our review. Our primary focus was on examining fracture-related outcomes in individuals with ADHD compared to those without, considering medication status. These studies encompassed various designs, with a focus on the ADHD-fracture relationship and methylphenidate's (MPH) impact. Our study confirms that ADHD increases fracture risk and suggests that MPH may help mitigate this risk. Early ADHD detection is vital for nonpharmacological interventions. Orthopedic surgeons should proactively identify ADHD, while healthcare professionals should offer injury prevention guidance, particularly for at-risk groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gourav Garg
- Orthopaedics, King's Mill Hospital, Sutton-in-Ashfield, GBR
- Internal Medicine, Neurology, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Lotanna Umeano
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Sadaf Iftikhar
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Sarah F Alhaddad
- Pediatric, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Christian N Paulsingh
- Pathology, St. George's University School of Medicine, St. Georges, GRD
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | | | - Safeera Khan
- Neuropsychiatry, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
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Zhao Y, Peng X, Wang Q, Zhang Z, Wang L, Xu Y, Yang H, Bai J, Geng D. Crosstalk Between the Neuroendocrine System and Bone Homeostasis. Endocr Rev 2024; 45:95-124. [PMID: 37459436 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnad025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
The homeostasis of bone microenvironment is the foundation of bone health and comprises 2 concerted events: bone formation by osteoblasts and bone resorption by osteoclasts. In the early 21st century, leptin, an adipocytes-derived hormone, was found to affect bone homeostasis through hypothalamic relay and the sympathetic nervous system, involving neurotransmitters like serotonin and norepinephrine. This discovery has provided a new perspective regarding the synergistic effects of endocrine and nervous systems on skeletal homeostasis. Since then, more studies have been conducted, gradually uncovering the complex neuroendocrine regulation underlying bone homeostasis. Intriguingly, bone is also considered as an endocrine organ that can produce regulatory factors that in turn exert effects on neuroendocrine activities. After decades of exploration into bone regulation mechanisms, separate bioactive factors have been extensively investigated, whereas few studies have systematically shown a global view of bone homeostasis regulation. Therefore, we summarized the previously studied regulatory patterns from the nervous system and endocrine system to bone. This review will provide readers with a panoramic view of the intimate relationship between the neuroendocrine system and bone, compensating for the current understanding of the regulation patterns of bone homeostasis, and probably developing new therapeutic strategies for its related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhu Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University; Orthopedics Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
| | - Xiaole Peng
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University; Orthopedics Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University; Orthopedics Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
| | - Zhiyu Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
| | - Liangliang Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000, China
| | - Yaozeng Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University; Orthopedics Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
| | - Huilin Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University; Orthopedics Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
| | - Jiaxiang Bai
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University; Orthopedics Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Dechun Geng
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University; Orthopedics Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, China
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Liu Z, Zhao W, Cao C, Wang Y, Xiao L, Wang X, Jin C, Xiao J. Pituitary stalk interruption syndrome and liver cirrhosis associated with diabetes and an inactivating KCNJ11 gene mutation: a case report and literature review. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1297146. [PMID: 38152125 PMCID: PMC10751576 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1297146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Pituitary stalk interruption syndrome (PSIS) is a congenital disease commonly found in patients with combined pituitary hormone deficiency (CPHD). Most PSIS patients manifest growth retardation and delayed puberty. We report a rare case of PSIS with tall stature, liver cirrhosis and diabetes, possibly caused by an inactivating KCNJ11 gene mutation. Case presentation A 37-year-old female patient initially presented with liver cirrhosis and diabetes, without any secondary sexual characteristics. Endocrine investigation indicated CPHD. Small anterior pituitary, invisible pituitary stalk and no eutopic posterior lobe hypersignal in the sella turcica viewed in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) confirmed the diagnosis of PSIS. Despite receiving no growth hormone or sex hormone therapy, she reached a final height of 186 cm. Liver histopathology revealed nonalcoholic fatty cirrhosis. Genetic testing identified a heterozygous p.Arg301Cys mutation in the KCNJ11 gene. Conclusion This is a rare case of PSIS with liver cirrhosis and diabetes associated with an inactivating KCNJ11 gene mutation. It's supposed that early hyperinsulinism caused by the KCNJ11 gene mutation, as well as delayed epiphyseal closure due to estrogen deficiency, contributed to the patient's exceptionally tall stature. Untreated growth hormone deficiency (GHD) resulted in increased visceral fat, leading to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and cirrhosis. The decline in β cell function with age, combined with NAFLD, may have played a role in the development of diabetes.
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Bilski J, Schramm-Luc A, Szczepanik M, Mazur-Biały AI, Bonior J, Luc K, Zawojska K, Szklarczyk J. Adipokines in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Emerging Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2998. [PMID: 38001998 PMCID: PMC10669400 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11112998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease manifested by joint involvement, extra-articular manifestations, and general symptoms. Adipose tissue, previously perceived as an inert energy storage organ, has been recognised as a significant contributor to RA pathophysiology. Adipokines modulate immune responses, inflammation, and metabolic pathways in RA. Although most adipokines have a pro-inflammatory and aggravating effect on RA, some could counteract this pathological process. The coexistence of RA and sarcopenic obesity (SO) has gained attention due to its impact on disease severity and outcomes. Sarcopenic obesity further contributes to the inflammatory milieu and metabolic disturbances. Recent research has highlighted the intricate crosstalk between adipose tissue and skeletal muscle, suggesting potential interactions between these tissues in RA. This review summarizes the roles of adipokines in RA, particularly in inflammation, immune modulation, and joint destruction. In addition, it explores the emerging role of adipomyokines, specifically irisin and myostatin, in the pathogenesis of RA and their potential as therapeutic targets. We discuss the therapeutic implications of targeting adipokines and adipomyokines in RA management and highlight the challenges and future directions for research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Bilski
- Department of Biomechanics and Kinesiology, Chair of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-008 Krakow, Poland; (A.I.M.-B.); (K.Z.)
| | - Agata Schramm-Luc
- Department of Internal and Agricultural Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-121 Krakow, Poland; (A.S.-L.); (K.L.)
| | - Marian Szczepanik
- Chair of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-034 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Agnieszka Irena Mazur-Biały
- Department of Biomechanics and Kinesiology, Chair of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-008 Krakow, Poland; (A.I.M.-B.); (K.Z.)
| | - Joanna Bonior
- Department of Medical Physiology, Chair of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-126 Krakow, Poland; (J.B.); (J.S.)
| | - Kevin Luc
- Department of Internal and Agricultural Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-121 Krakow, Poland; (A.S.-L.); (K.L.)
| | - Klaudia Zawojska
- Department of Biomechanics and Kinesiology, Chair of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-008 Krakow, Poland; (A.I.M.-B.); (K.Z.)
| | - Joanna Szklarczyk
- Department of Medical Physiology, Chair of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-126 Krakow, Poland; (J.B.); (J.S.)
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Choa R, Panaroni C, Bhatia R, Raje N. It is worth the weight: obesity and the transition from monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance to multiple myeloma. Blood Adv 2023; 7:5510-5523. [PMID: 37493975 PMCID: PMC10515310 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2023010822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The overweight/obesity epidemic is a serious public health concern that affects >40% of adults globally and increases the risk of numerous chronic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes, heart disease, and various cancers. Multiple myeloma (MM) is a lymphohematopoietic cancer caused by the uncontrolled clonal expansion of plasma cells. Recent studies have shown that obesity is a risk factor not only for MM but also monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), a precursor disease state of MM. Furthermore, obesity may promote the transition from MGUS to MM. Thus, in this review, we summarize the epidemiological evidence regarding the role of obesity in MM and MGUS, discuss the biologic mechanisms that drive these disease processes, and detail the obesity-targeted pharmacologic and lifestyle interventions that may reduce the risk of progression from MGUS to MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Choa
- Center for Multiple Myeloma, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Cristina Panaroni
- Center for Multiple Myeloma, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Roma Bhatia
- Center for Multiple Myeloma, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Noopur Raje
- Center for Multiple Myeloma, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
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Tomasiuk JM, Nowakowska-Płaza A, Wisłowska M, Głuszko P. Osteoporosis and diabetes - possible links and diagnostic difficulties. Reumatologia 2023; 61:294-304. [PMID: 37745139 PMCID: PMC10515121 DOI: 10.5114/reum/170048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives In this review, the authors aimed to clarify the relationship between the occurrence of osteoporosis and diabetes, analyze the differences between the pathogenesis of osteoporosis in different types of diabetes and propose the most effective diagnostic strategy and fracture risk assessment in diabetic patients. Material and methods A analysis of publications in MEDLINE, COCHRANE and SCOPUS databases was performed, searching for reports on the diagnostics, fracture risk assessment, prevention, and treatment of osteoporosis in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) published in the years 2016-2022. The key words for the search were: diabetes, osteoporosis, and low-energy fracture. Results Bone complications of T1DM are more severe than T2DM, because of the lack of anabolic effect of insulin on bones. In T2DM the risk of fractures is elevated; however, identifying the mechanisms underlying the increased risk of fractures in T2DM is not clear. The FRAX tool is not appropriate for assessing the fracture risk in young patients with T1DM. It is quite useful in older patients with T2DM, but in these patients the calculated fracture risk may be underestimated. In T2DM the fracture risk often does not correspond to BMD value as measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Diagnostic tools such as the trabecular bone score may play a significant role in this group of patients. Conclusions: Optimal strategies to identify and treat high risk individuals require further research and proper definition. The diagnostic criteria for osteoporosis should be clearly defined as well as fracture risk assessment and choice of anti-osteoporotic medication. In all cases of secondary osteoporosis, treatment of the underlying disease is the most important. The relationship between high risk of fractures and diabetes is inseparable, and its full understanding seems to be the key to effective management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Magdalena Tomasiuk
- Department of Rheumatology, National Institute of Geriatric, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Nowakowska-Płaza
- Department of Rheumatology, National Institute of Geriatric, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Wisłowska
- Department of Rheumatology, National Institute of Geriatric, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Głuszko
- Department of Rheumatology, National Institute of Geriatric, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Warsaw, Poland
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Mills EG, Abbara A, Dhillo WS, Comninos AN. Effects of distinct Polycystic Ovary Syndrome phenotypes on bone health. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1163771. [PMID: 37251667 PMCID: PMC10213631 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1163771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a highly prevalent and heterogenous endocrinopathy affecting 5-18% of women. Although its cardinal features include androgen excess, ovulatory dysfunction, and/or polycystic ovarian morphology, women often display related metabolic manifestations, including hyperinsulinaemia, insulin resistance, and obesity. Emerging data reveal that the hormonal alterations associated with PCOS also impact bone metabolism. However, inconsistent evidence exists as to whether PCOS is a bone-protective or bone-hindering disorder with an accumulating body of clinical data indicating that hyperandrogenism, hyperinsulinaemia, insulin resistance, and obesity may have a relative protective influence on bone, whereas chronic low-grade inflammation and vitamin D deficiency may adversely affect bone health. Herein, we provide a comprehensive assessment of the endocrine and metabolic manifestations associated with PCOS and their relative effects on bone metabolism. We focus principally on clinical studies in women investigating their contribution to the alterations in bone turnover markers, bone mineral density, and ultimately fracture risk in PCOS. A thorough understanding in this regard will indicate whether women with PCOS require enhanced surveillance of bone health in routine clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edouard G. Mills
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ali Abbara
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Waljit S. Dhillo
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander N. Comninos
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Endocrine Bone Unit, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
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Karamian BA, Levy HA, Yalla GR, D'Antonio ND, Heard JC, Lambrechts MJ, Canseco JA, Vaccaro AR, Markova DZ, Kepler CK. Varenicline Mitigates the Increased Risk of Pseudoarthrosis Associated with Nicotine. Spine J 2023:S1529-9430(23)00162-6. [PMID: 37086977 DOI: 10.1016/j.spinee.2023.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CONTEXT High serum nicotine levels increase the risk of non-union after spinal fusion. Varenicline, a pharmaceutical adjunct for smoking cessation, is a partial agonist designed to displace and outcompete nicotine at its receptor binding site, thereby limiting downstream activation. Given its mechanism, varenicline may have therapeutic benefits in mitigating non-union for active smokers undergoing spinal fusion. PURPOSE To compare fusion rate and fusion mass characteristics between cohorts receiving nicotine, varenicline, or concurrent nicotine and varenicline after lumbar fusion. STUDY DESIGN Rodent non-instrumented spinal fusion model. METHODS Sixty eight-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing approximately 300 grams underwent L4-5 posterolateral fusion (PLF) surgery. Four experimental groups (control: C, nicotine: N, varenicline: V, and combined: NV [nicotine and varenicline]) were included for analysis. Treatment groups received nicotine, varenicline, or a combination of nicotine and varenicline delivered through subcutaneous osmotic pumps beginning two weeks before surgery until the time of sacrifice at age 14 weeks. Manual palpation testing, microCT imaging, bone histomorphometry, and biomechanical testing were performed on harvested spinal fusion segments. RESULTS Control (p=0.016) and combined (p=0.032) groups, when compared directly to the nicotine group, demonstrated significantly greater manual palpation scores. The fusion rate in the control (93.3%) and combined (93.3%) groups were significantly greater than that of the nicotine group (33.3%) (p=0.007, both). Biomechanical testing demonstrated greater Young's modulus of the fusion segment in the control (17.1 MPa) and combined groups (34.5 MPa) compared to the nicotine group (8.07 MPa) (p<0.001, both). MicroCT analysis demonstrated greater bone volume fraction (C:0.35 vs N:0.26 vs NV:0.33) (p<0.001, all) and bone mineral density (C:335 vs N:262 vs NV:328 mg Ha/cm3) (p<0.001, all) in the control and combined groups compared to the nicotine group. Histomorphometry demonstrated a greater mineral apposition rate in the combined group compared to the nicotine group (0.34 vs 0.24 μm/day, p=0.025). CONCLUSION In a rodent spinal fusion model, varenicline mitigates the adverse effects of high nicotine serum levels on the rate and quality of spinal fusion. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE These findings have the potential to significantly impact clinical practice guidelines and the use of pharmacotherapy for active nicotine users undergoing fusion surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian A Karamian
- Rothman Orthopaedic Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
| | - Hannah A Levy
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Goutham R Yalla
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nicholas D D'Antonio
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jeremy C Heard
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mark J Lambrechts
- Rothman Orthopaedic Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jose A Canseco
- Rothman Orthopaedic Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Alexander R Vaccaro
- Rothman Orthopaedic Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Dessislava Z Markova
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Christopher K Kepler
- Rothman Orthopaedic Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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12
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Ziv-Baran T, Zacay G, Modan-Moses D, Reingold SM, Mekori E, Levy-Shraga Y. Increased fracture risk among children diagnosed with attention- deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a large matched cohort study. Eur J Pediatr 2023:10.1007/s00431-023-04929-x. [PMID: 37004585 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-023-04929-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
To analyse the risk of fractures among children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) compared with matched children without ADHD; and to evaluate the impact of pharmacological treatment. This registry-based cohort study included 31,330 children diagnosed with ADHD and a comparison group of 62,660 children matched by age, sex, population sector and socioeconomic status. Demographic and clinical information was extracted from the electronic database of Meuhedet, a health maintenance organization. Fracture events between 2-18 years of age were identified by coded diagnoses. The overall fracture incidence rate was 334 per 10,000 patient-years (PY) in the ADHD group and 284 per 10,000 PY in the comparison group (p < 0.001). Among boys, the fracture incidence rates were 388 per 10,000 PY and 327 per 10,000 PY (p < 0.001), for the respective groups. Among girls, the rates were lower in both groups compared to boys, but higher in the ADHD compared to the matched group (246 vs 203 per 10,000 PY, p < 0.001). Among the children with ADHD, the hazard ratios (HR) to have a fracture were similar in boys (1.18, 95%CI 1.15-1.22, p < 0.001) and girls (1.22, 95%CI 1.16-1.28, p < 0.001). Children with ADHD were also at increased risk for two and three fractures; the hazard ratios (HRs) were 1.32 (95%CI 1.26-1.38, p < 0.001) and 1.35 (95%CI 1.24-1.46, p < 0.001), respectively. In a multivariable model of the children with ADHD, pharmacological treatment was associated with reduced fracture risk (HR 0.90, 95%CI 0.82-0.98, p < 0.001) after adjustment for sex, resident socioeconomic status and population sector. Conclusion: Children with ADHD had greater fracture risk than a matched group without ADHD. Pharmacological treatment for ADHD may decrease this risk. What is Known: • Children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) may be more prone to injuries and fractures than children without ADHD. What is New: • Children with ADHD were 1.2 times more likely to have a fracture than children with similar characteristics, without ADHD. The increased risk for fractures was even greater for two and three fractures (hazard ratios 1.32 and 1.35, respectively). • Our study suggests a positive effect of pharmacological treatment for ADHD in reducing fracture risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomer Ziv-Baran
- School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Galia Zacay
- Meuhedet Health Services, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Sackler School of Medicine, University of Tel Aviv, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Dalit Modan-Moses
- Meuhedet Health Services, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Sackler School of Medicine, University of Tel Aviv, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes Unit, The Edmond and Lily Safra Childrens Hospital, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Stephen M Reingold
- Meuhedet Health Services, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Sackler School of Medicine, University of Tel Aviv, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ehud Mekori
- Sackler School of Medicine, University of Tel Aviv, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Division, The Edmond and Lily Safra Childrens Hospital, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, 52621, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Yael Levy-Shraga
- Meuhedet Health Services, Tel Aviv, Israel.
- Sackler School of Medicine, University of Tel Aviv, Tel Aviv, Israel.
- Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes Unit, The Edmond and Lily Safra Childrens Hospital, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel.
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13
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Walowski CO, Herpich C, Enderle J, Braun W, Both M, Hasler M, Müller MJ, Norman K, Bosy-Westphal A. Determinants of bone mass in older adults with normal- and overweight derived from the crosstalk with muscle and adipose tissue. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5030. [PMID: 36977715 PMCID: PMC10050471 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31642-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Lower bone mass in older adults may be mediated by the endocrine crosstalk between muscle, adipose tissue and bone. In 150 community-dwelling adults (59-86 years, BMI 17-37 kg/m2; 58.7% female), skeletal muscle mass index, adipose tissue and fat mass index (FMI) were determined. Levels of myokines, adipokines, osteokines, inflammation markers and insulin were measured as potential determinants of bone mineral content (BMC) and density (BMD). FMI was negatively associated with BMC and BMD after adjustment for mechanical loading effects of body weight (r-values between -0.37 and -0.71, all p < 0.05). Higher FMI was associated with higher leptin levels in both sexes, with higher hsCRP in women and with lower adiponectin levels in men. In addition to weight and FMI, sclerostin, osteocalcin, leptin × sex and adiponectin were independent predictors of BMC in a stepwise multiple regression analysis. Muscle mass, but not myokines, showed positive correlations with bone parameters that were weakened after adjusting for body weight (r-values between 0.27 and 0.58, all p < 0.01). Whereas the anabolic effect of muscle mass on bone in older adults may be partly explained by mechanical loading, the adverse effect of obesity on bone is possibly mediated by low-grade inflammation, higher leptin and lower adiponectin levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina O Walowski
- Institute for Human Nutrition and Food Science, Christian-Albrechts-University, Düsternbrooker Weg 17, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Catrin Herpich
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
- Department of Geriatrics and Medical Gerontology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Nutrition and Gerontology, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Janna Enderle
- Institute for Human Nutrition and Food Science, Christian-Albrechts-University, Düsternbrooker Weg 17, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Wiebke Braun
- Institute for Human Nutrition and Food Science, Christian-Albrechts-University, Düsternbrooker Weg 17, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Marcus Both
- Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Germany
| | - Mario Hasler
- Applied Statistics, Faculty of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Manfred J Müller
- Institute for Human Nutrition and Food Science, Christian-Albrechts-University, Düsternbrooker Weg 17, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Kristina Norman
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
- Department of Geriatrics and Medical Gerontology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Nutrition and Gerontology, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anja Bosy-Westphal
- Institute for Human Nutrition and Food Science, Christian-Albrechts-University, Düsternbrooker Weg 17, 24105, Kiel, Germany.
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14
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Deepika F, Bathina S, Armamento-Villareal R. Novel Adipokines and Their Role in Bone Metabolism: A Narrative Review. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020644. [PMID: 36831180 PMCID: PMC9953715 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The growing burden of obesity and osteoporosis is a major public health concern. Emerging evidence of the role of adipokines on bone metabolism has led to the discovery of novel adipokines over the last decade. Obesity is recognized as a state of adipose tissue inflammation that adversely affects bone health. Adipokines secreted from white adipose tissue (WAT) and bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT) exerts endocrine and paracrine effects on the survival and function of osteoblasts and osteoclasts. An increase in marrow fat is implicated in osteoporosis and, hence, it is crucial to understand the complex interplay between adipocytes and bone. The objective of this review is to summarize recent advances in our understanding of the role of different adipokines on bone metabolism. METHODS This is a comprehensive review of the literature available in PubMED and Cochrane databases, with an emphasis on the last five years using the keywords. RESULTS Leptin has shown some positive effects on bone metabolism; in contrast, both adiponectin and chemerin have consistently shown a negative association with BMD. No significant association was found between resistin and BMD. Novel adipokines such as visfatin, LCN-2, Nesfatin-1, RBP-4, apelin, and vaspin have shown bone-protective and osteoanabolic properties that could be translated into therapeutic targets. CONCLUSION New evidence suggests the potential role of novel adipokines as biomarkers to predict osteoporosis risk, and as therapeutic targets for the treatment of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fnu Deepika
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Disease, Michael E DeBakey Veterans Affairs (VA) Medical Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Correspondence: (F.D.); (R.A.-V.); Tel.: +1-713-794-1414 (R.A.-V.)
| | - Siresha Bathina
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Disease, Michael E DeBakey Veterans Affairs (VA) Medical Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Reina Armamento-Villareal
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Disease, Michael E DeBakey Veterans Affairs (VA) Medical Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Correspondence: (F.D.); (R.A.-V.); Tel.: +1-713-794-1414 (R.A.-V.)
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15
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The Influence of Adipokines on Radiographic Damage in Inflammatory Rheumatic Diseases. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020536. [PMID: 36831072 PMCID: PMC9953013 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory rheumatic diseases (IRDs) are complex immune-mediated diseases that are characterized by chronic inflammation of the joints. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and spondyloarthritis (SpA), including axial SpA (ax SpA) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA), are the most common forms of IRD. Both RA and ax SpA are characterized by a chronic course with progressive structural modifications, namely, cartilage damage and bone erosions in RA and osteoproliferative changes with spinal ossifications in ax SpA. The adipose tissue is involved in the pathophysiology of IRDs via the release of several proteins, namely, adipokines. Several adipokines with pro-inflammatory effects have been identified, such as leptin, adiponectin, visfatin and resistin. In this review, we discuss the role that adipokines may play in the structural modifications of the peripheral joints and/or axial skeleton. In RA, the role of leptin in structural damage remains controversial, while adiponectin and its high-molecular-weight isoform are known to have an influence on the development of bone erosions and radiographic progression. Resistin also appears to be a potent detrimental adipokine for the joints in RA. In ax SpA, visfatin seems to be an attractive candidate for radiographic progression, while leptin and adiponectin have negative effects on radiographic progression.
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16
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Tu Y, Kuang X, Zhang L, Xu X. The associations of gut microbiota, endocrine system and bone metabolism. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1124945. [PMID: 37089533 PMCID: PMC10116073 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1124945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota is of great importance in human health, and its roles in the maintenance of skeletal homeostasis have long been recognized as the "gut-bone axis." Recent evidence has indicated intercorrelations between gut microbiota, endocrine system and bone metabolism. This review article discussed the complex interactions between gut microbiota and bone metabolism-related hormones, including sex steroids, insulin-like growth factors, 5-hydroxytryptamine, parathyroid hormone, glucagon-like peptides, peptide YY, etc. Although the underlying mechanisms still need further investigation, the regulatory effect of gut microbiota on bone health via interplaying with endocrine system may provide a new paradigm for the better management of musculoskeletal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinyi Kuang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Ling Zhang,
| | - Xin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Xin Xu,
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17
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Luo LM, Wu N, Zhang J, Yang D. Maternal vitamin D levels correlate with fetal weight and bone metabolism during pregnancy: a materno-neonatal analysis of bone metabolism parameters. J Perinat Med 2022; 51:538-545. [PMID: 36435526 DOI: 10.1515/jpm-2022-0068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Vitamin D plays an essential role in neonatal skeletal development and maternal weight gain during pregnancy. We aim to study the association between vitamin D status, maternal weight, and materno-neonatal bone metabolism parameters. METHODS From January to June 2017, we conducted this cross-sectional study among 103 pregnant women (21-42 years old) and their singletons. The levels of serum 25-(OH)D, PTH, P1NP, OC, and CTX were measured for mothers and neonates (cord blood). Serum vitamin D and OC were measured using chemiluminescence and two-site immunoradiometric assay, respectively. Meanwhile, P1NP, CTX, and PTH were measured by ELISA. RESULTS The average serum vitamin D levels from mothers were 15.1 ng/mL during pregnancy and 16.2 ng/mL in the umbilical cord. At baseline, vitamin D deficient mothers were more likely to have higher PTH (36.4 vs. 18 pg/mL; p=0.029) and lower P1NP levels (90 vs. 92.5 ng/mL; p=0.026). Also, vitamin D deficient status was associated with lower fetal weight (3,293 vs. 3,358 g; p=0.019). Maternal weight was significantly correlated with P1NP (65.86 vs. 109.35; p=0.001) and OC (14.52 vs. 18.24; p=0.038), as well as cord vitamin D level (13.31 vs. 18.46; p=0.039) among normal vs. overweight women. No significant differences were found for the correlation between maternal weight and fetal parameters except for fetal weight which significantly increased with the increase in maternal weight (overweight vs. obese women=3,280 vs. 3,560; p=0.06). CONCLUSIONS Maternal vitamin D status is associated with maternal and neonatal bone metabolism parameters as well as maternal and neonatal weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian-Mei Luo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Nan Wu
- Xuan Wu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Dong Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P. R. China
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18
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Yerlikaya FH, Eryavuz Onmaz D. Inflammation and Bone Turnover Markers in Adult Obesity. J Clin Densitom 2022; 25:470-474. [PMID: 36057471 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocd.2022.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a condition of abnormally increased body fat resulting from increased energy intake relative to energy expenditure. Excess body weight is a risk factor for many somatic and psychological disorders, including cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus, osteoarthritis, and cancer types. Bone metabolism, bone turnover, and mineral content are altered in severe obesity. This review will focus on the relationship between inflammation and bone biomarkers in adult obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Duygu Eryavuz Onmaz
- Department of Biochemistry, Selcuk University Faculty of Medicine, Konya, Turkey.
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19
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IL-6 and Leptin Are Potential Biomarkers for Osteoporotic Fracture Risk Assessment and Prediction of Postmenopausal Women with Low Bone Mass: A Follow-Up Study Using a Regional Sample Cohort. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:8691830. [PMID: 35993023 PMCID: PMC9385352 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8691830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporotic fracture, a major complication which is known as the outcome postmenopausal osteoporosis, seriously threatens the health of postmenopausal women. At present, the traditional osteoporotic fracture prediction methods are characterized by inconvenient application and time-consuming statistical results, while predictive serum biomarkers can make up for this shortcoming. Accurate and advanced risk prediction of osteoporotic fracture is meaningful to early prevention and intervention, effectively avoiding the risk of this disease and the secondary fracture in the surgical treatment. In this study, based on the BEYOND cohort, a 2-year follow-up study was conducted after subjects participated to survey if OF occurred. Independent sample t-test and Mann–Whitney U-test were used to analyze the differences of bone metabolism biomarkers between the OF and non-OF group. Cox proportional hazard model was used to screen the potential biomarkers might be used to predict OF risk. ROC curves and AUCs were used to analyze the predictive accuracy, and the Delong's test was used to compare the differences between the AUCs. 15 postmenopausal women with low bone mass and OF were found, and other 60 subjects without OF were matched with 1 : 4, age, and BMI classification as control group. The serum IL-6 (OR = 1.139, 95%CI = 1.058 − 1.226) and leptin (OR = 0.921, 95%CI = 0.848 − 1.000) were found as OF risk predictive biomarkers for postmenopausal women with low bone mass with high accuracy (IL − 6 = 0.871) (leptin = 0.813) and accuracy enhanced when they were combined (AUC = 0.898). The results of Delong's test showed that the difference of AUC between leptin and IL-6&Leptin was meaningful (P = 0.024) but meaningless between IL-6 and leptin (P = 0.436), IL-6 and IL-6&Leptin (P = 0.606). To sum up, IL-6 and leptin are the predictive biomarkers of OF for postmenopausal women with low bone mass. The IL-6 can improve the prediction accuracy of leptin (P = 0.024), but not vice versa (P = 0.606). Trial Information. Registered on the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry already. (Registration Number: ChiCTR-SOC-17013090).
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20
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Labusca L. Adipose tissue in bone regeneration - stem cell source and beyond. World J Stem Cells 2022; 14:372-392. [PMID: 35949397 PMCID: PMC9244952 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v14.i6.372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue (AT) is recognized as a complex organ involved in major home-ostatic body functions, such as food intake, energy balance, immunomodulation, development and growth, and functioning of the reproductive organs. The role of AT in tissue and organ homeostasis, repair and regeneration is increasingly recognized. Different AT compartments (white AT, brown AT and bone marrow AT) and their interrelation with bone metabolism will be presented. AT-derived stem cell populations - adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells and pluripotent-like stem cells. Multilineage differentiating stress-enduring and dedifferentiated fat cells can be obtained in relatively high quantities compared to other sources. Their role in different strategies of bone and fracture healing tissue engineering and cell therapy will be described. The current use of AT- or AT-derived stem cell populations for fracture healing and bone regenerative strategies will be presented, as well as major challenges in furthering bone regenerative strategies to clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luminita Labusca
- Magnetic Materials and Sensors, National Institute of Research and Development for Technical Physics, Iasi 700050, Romania
- Orthopedics and Traumatology, County Emergency Hospital Saint Spiridon Iasi, Iasi 700050, Romania
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21
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Diboun I, Wani S, Ralston SH, Albagha OME. Epigenetic DNA Methylation Signatures Associated With the Severity of Paget's Disease of Bone. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:903612. [PMID: 35769265 PMCID: PMC9235511 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.903612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Paget's disease of bone (PDB) is characterized by focal areas of dysregulated bone turnover resulting in increased bone loss and abnormal bone formation with variable severity. PDB has a complex etiology and both genetics and environmental factors have been implicated. A recent study has identified many differentially methylated loci in PDB compared to healthy subjects. However, associations between DNA methylation profiles and disease severity of PDB have not been investigated. Objectives: To investigate the association between DNA methylation signals and PDB severity. Methods: Using 232 well-characterized PDB subjects from the PRISM trial, a disease severity score was devised based on the clinical features of PDB. DNA methylation profiling was performed using Illumina Infinium HumanMethylation 450K array. Results: We identified 100 CpG methylation sites significantly associated with PDB severity at FDR <0.05. Additionally, methylation profiles in 11 regions showed Bonferroni-significant association with disease severity including six islands (located in VCL, TBX5, CASZ1, ULBP2, NUDT15 and SQSTM1), two gene bodies (CXCR6 and DENND1A), and 3 promoter regions (RPL27, LINC00301 and VPS29). Moreover, FDR-significant effects from region analysis implicated genes with genetic variants previously associated with PDB severity, including RIN3 and CSF1. A multivariate predictor model featuring the top severity-associated CpG sites revealed a significant correlation (R = 0.71, p = 6.9 × 10-16) between observed and predicted PDB severity scores. On dichotomizing the severity scores into low and high severity, the model featured an area under curve (AUC) of 0.80, a sensitivity of 0.74 and a specificity of 0.68. Conclusion: We identified several CpG methylation markers that are associated with PDB severity in this pioneering study while also highlighting the novel molecular pathways associated with disease progression. Further work is warranted to affirm the suitability of our model to predict the severity of PDB in newly diagnosed patients or patients with family history of PDB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilhame Diboun
- Division of Genomic and Translational Biomedicine, College of Health and Life Sciences (CHLS), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha, Qatar
- Translational Genetics and Bioinformatics Section, Research Division, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sachin Wani
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart H. Ralston
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Omar M. E. Albagha
- Division of Genomic and Translational Biomedicine, College of Health and Life Sciences (CHLS), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha, Qatar
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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22
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Fu Y, Wang G, Liu J, Li M, Dong M, Zhang C, Xu R, Liu X. Stimulant use and bone health in US children and adolescents: analysis of the NHANES data. Eur J Pediatr 2022; 181:1633-1642. [PMID: 35091797 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-021-04356-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Stimulants have become the most popular psychopharmacologic drugs used in therapy for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Childhood and adolescence are crucial periods for optimizing bone health to prevent osteoporosis-related fractures in old age. However, controversy remains regarding the relationship between stimulant use and bone health. The present study was designed to examine the bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD) of 5472 individuals aged 8-16 years with or without stimulant use based on National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011-2018 data and to further assess the association between stimulant use and bone health. Among these, 284 (5.2%) participants were using stimulants. In analyses stratified by sex, the BMC and BMD at the level of the lumbar spine, pelvis, and total body were generally lower among stimulant users than among nonusers in males (all P < 0.001), while the differences were not statistically significant in females. In multivariable linear regression models, the increasing range of BMCs and BMDs with age was lower in participants using stimulants than in those not using stimulants after fully adjusting for potential confounding factors. Compared to participants not using stimulants, stimulant use ≥ 3 months was associated with significantly lower BMCs [lumbar spine: β = - 1.35, (95% CI: - 2.56, - 0.14); pelvis: β = - 9.06, (95% CI: - 15.21, - 2.91); and total: β = - 52.96, (95% CI: - 85.87, - 20.04)] and BMDs [pelvis: β = - 0.03, (95% CI: - 0.04, - 0.01), total: β = - 0.01, (95% CI: - 0.02, - 0.00)]. CONCLUSIONS Children and adolescents using stimulants exhibited reductions in BMC and BMD at the lumbar spine, pelvis, and total body compared to those who were not using stimulants, especially among males. WHAT IS KNOWN • Childhood and adolescence are crucial periods for optimizing bone health to prevent osteoporosis-related fractures in old age. • Controversy remains regarding the relationship between stimulant use and bone health. WHAT IS NEW • The bone mineral content and bone mineral density at the level of the lumbar spine, pelvis, and total body were generally lower among stimulant users than among nonusers in males, while the differences were not statistically significant in females. • Body mass index and serum alkaline phosphatase may be predictors for loss of bone mineral content and bone mineral density in stimulant users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Fu
- Department of Medical Engineering, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, No. 107 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250012, China
| | - Guan Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, No. 107 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250012, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, No. 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250012, China
| | - Junhui Liu
- School of Medicine, Shandong University, No. 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250012, China
| | - Meng Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, No. 107 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250012, China
| | - Meng Dong
- Department of Pediatrics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, No. 107 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250012, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, No. 107 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250012, China
| | - Rui Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, No. 107 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250012, China
| | - Xinjie Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, No. 107 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250012, China.
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23
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Ebeling PR, Nguyen HH, Aleksova J, Vincent AJ, Wong P, Milat F. Secondary Osteoporosis. Endocr Rev 2022; 43:240-313. [PMID: 34476488 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnab028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a global public health problem, with fractures contributing to significant morbidity and mortality. Although postmenopausal osteoporosis is most common, up to 30% of postmenopausal women, > 50% of premenopausal women, and between 50% and 80% of men have secondary osteoporosis. Exclusion of secondary causes is important, as treatment of such patients often commences by treating the underlying condition. These are varied but often neglected, ranging from endocrine to chronic inflammatory and genetic conditions. General screening is recommended for all patients with osteoporosis, with advanced investigations reserved for premenopausal women and men aged < 50 years, for older patients in whom classical risk factors for osteoporosis are absent, and for all patients with the lowest bone mass (Z-score ≤ -2). The response of secondary osteoporosis to conventional anti-osteoporosis therapy may be inadequate if the underlying condition is unrecognized and untreated. Bone densitometry, using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, may underestimate fracture risk in some chronic diseases, including glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis, type 2 diabetes, and obesity, and may overestimate fracture risk in others (eg, Turner syndrome). FRAX and trabecular bone score may provide additional information regarding fracture risk in secondary osteoporosis, but their use is limited to adults aged ≥ 40 years and ≥ 50 years, respectively. In addition, FRAX requires adjustment in some chronic conditions, such as glucocorticoid use, type 2 diabetes, and HIV. In most conditions, evidence for antiresorptive or anabolic therapy is limited to increases in bone mass. Current osteoporosis management guidelines also neglect secondary osteoporosis and these existing evidence gaps are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter R Ebeling
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia.,Department of Endocrinology, Monash Health, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Hanh H Nguyen
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia.,Department of Endocrinology, Monash Health, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia.,Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Western Health, Victoria 3011, Australia
| | - Jasna Aleksova
- Department of Endocrinology, Monash Health, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia.,Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Amanda J Vincent
- Department of Endocrinology, Monash Health, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia.,Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, School of Public Health and Preventative Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Phillip Wong
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia.,Department of Endocrinology, Monash Health, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia.,Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Frances Milat
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia.,Department of Endocrinology, Monash Health, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia.,Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
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24
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Ait Eldjoudi D, Cordero Barreal A, Gonzalez-Rodríguez M, Ruiz-Fernández C, Farrag Y, Farrag M, Lago F, Capuozzo M, Gonzalez-Gay MA, Mera Varela A, Pino J, Gualillo O. Leptin in Osteoarthritis and Rheumatoid Arthritis: Player or Bystander? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052859. [PMID: 35270000 PMCID: PMC8911522 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
White adipose tissue (WAT) is a specialized tissue whose main function is lipid synthesis and triglyceride storage. It is now considered as an active organ secreting a plethora of hormones and cytokines namely adipokines. Discovered in 1994, leptin has emerged as a key molecule with pleiotropic functions. It is primarily recognized for its role in regulating energy homeostasis and food intake. Currently, further evidence suggests its potent role in reproduction, glucose metabolism, hematopoiesis, and interaction with the immune system. It is implicated in both innate and adaptive immunity, and it is reported to contribute, with other adipokines, in the cross-talking networks involved in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammation and immune-related diseases of the musculo-skeletal system such as osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In this review, we summarize the most recent findings concerning the involvement of leptin in immunity and inflammatory responses in OA and RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Djedjiga Ait Eldjoudi
- SERGAS (Servizo Galego de Saude) and IDIS (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago), NEIRID Lab (Neuroendocrine Interactions in Rheumatology and Inflammatory Diseases), Research Laboratory 9, Santiago University Clinical Hospital, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (D.A.E.); (A.C.B.); (M.G.-R.); (C.R.-F.); (Y.F.); (M.F.); (J.P.)
| | - Alfonso Cordero Barreal
- SERGAS (Servizo Galego de Saude) and IDIS (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago), NEIRID Lab (Neuroendocrine Interactions in Rheumatology and Inflammatory Diseases), Research Laboratory 9, Santiago University Clinical Hospital, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (D.A.E.); (A.C.B.); (M.G.-R.); (C.R.-F.); (Y.F.); (M.F.); (J.P.)
- International PhD School, University of Santiago de Compostela (EDIUS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - María Gonzalez-Rodríguez
- SERGAS (Servizo Galego de Saude) and IDIS (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago), NEIRID Lab (Neuroendocrine Interactions in Rheumatology and Inflammatory Diseases), Research Laboratory 9, Santiago University Clinical Hospital, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (D.A.E.); (A.C.B.); (M.G.-R.); (C.R.-F.); (Y.F.); (M.F.); (J.P.)
- International PhD School, University of Santiago de Compostela (EDIUS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Clara Ruiz-Fernández
- SERGAS (Servizo Galego de Saude) and IDIS (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago), NEIRID Lab (Neuroendocrine Interactions in Rheumatology and Inflammatory Diseases), Research Laboratory 9, Santiago University Clinical Hospital, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (D.A.E.); (A.C.B.); (M.G.-R.); (C.R.-F.); (Y.F.); (M.F.); (J.P.)
- International PhD School, University of Santiago de Compostela (EDIUS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Yousof Farrag
- SERGAS (Servizo Galego de Saude) and IDIS (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago), NEIRID Lab (Neuroendocrine Interactions in Rheumatology and Inflammatory Diseases), Research Laboratory 9, Santiago University Clinical Hospital, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (D.A.E.); (A.C.B.); (M.G.-R.); (C.R.-F.); (Y.F.); (M.F.); (J.P.)
| | - Mariam Farrag
- SERGAS (Servizo Galego de Saude) and IDIS (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago), NEIRID Lab (Neuroendocrine Interactions in Rheumatology and Inflammatory Diseases), Research Laboratory 9, Santiago University Clinical Hospital, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (D.A.E.); (A.C.B.); (M.G.-R.); (C.R.-F.); (Y.F.); (M.F.); (J.P.)
| | - Francisca Lago
- Molecular and Cellular Cardiology Group, SERGAS (Servizo Galego de Saude) and IDIS (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago), Research Laboratory 7, Santiago University Clinical Hospital, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
| | - Maurizio Capuozzo
- National Health Service, Local Health Authority ASL 3 Napoli Sud, Department of Pharmacy, Ercolano, 80056 Naples, Italy;
| | - Miguel Angel Gonzalez-Gay
- Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Epidemiology, Genetics and Atherosclerosis Research Group on Systemic Inflammatory Diseases, IDIVAL, University of Cantabria, Avenida de Valdecilla s/n, 39011 Santander, Spain;
| | - Antonio Mera Varela
- SERGAS, Servizo Galego de Saude, Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Division of Rheumatology, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
| | - Jesús Pino
- SERGAS (Servizo Galego de Saude) and IDIS (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago), NEIRID Lab (Neuroendocrine Interactions in Rheumatology and Inflammatory Diseases), Research Laboratory 9, Santiago University Clinical Hospital, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (D.A.E.); (A.C.B.); (M.G.-R.); (C.R.-F.); (Y.F.); (M.F.); (J.P.)
| | - Oreste Gualillo
- SERGAS (Servizo Galego de Saude) and IDIS (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago), NEIRID Lab (Neuroendocrine Interactions in Rheumatology and Inflammatory Diseases), Research Laboratory 9, Santiago University Clinical Hospital, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (D.A.E.); (A.C.B.); (M.G.-R.); (C.R.-F.); (Y.F.); (M.F.); (J.P.)
- Correspondence:
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25
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Interplay between Inflammation and Pathological Bone Resorption: Insights into Recent Mechanisms and Pathways in Related Diseases for Future Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031786. [PMID: 35163708 PMCID: PMC8836472 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone is a mineralized and elastic connective tissue that provides fundamental functions in the human body, including mechanical support to the muscles and joints, protection of vital organs and storage of minerals. Bone is a metabolically active organ that undergoes continuous remodeling processes to maintain its architecture, shape, and function throughout life. One of the most important medical discoveries of recent decades has been that the immune system is involved in bone remodeling. Indeed, chronic inflammation has been recognized as the most significant factor influencing bone homeostasis, causing a shift in the bone remodeling process toward pathological bone resorption. Bone osteolytic diseases typified by excessive bone resorption account for one of the greatest causes of disability worldwide, with significant economic and public health burdens. From this perspective, we discuss the recent findings and discoveries highlighting the cellular and molecular mechanisms that regulate this process in the bone microenvironment, in addition to the current therapeutic strategies for the treatment of osteolytic bone diseases.
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26
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Olali AZ, Shi Q, Hoover DR, Bucovsky M, Shane E, Yin MT, Ross RD. Bone and fat hormonal crosstalk with antiretroviral initiation. Bone 2022; 154:116208. [PMID: 34547525 PMCID: PMC8671338 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2021.116208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone mineral density (BMD) loss and fat gain is common in people living with HIV (PLWH), particularly after initiating combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). Given the close metabolic interaction between bone and fat, we tested the hypotheses that changes in bone-derived hormones are associated with fat accumulation and changes in fat-derived hormones are associated with BMD loss following cART initiation. METHODS HIV-seropositive subjects (n = 15) initiating fixed dose cART of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine/efavirenz (TDF/FTC/EFV) underwent dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) assessment pre-cART and again 12-months post-cART initiation. DXA-derived measurements included BMD at the lumbar spine, femoral neck, total hip, and trochanter and the trunk and total fat. Serum undercarboxylated osteocalcin (ucOCN), sclerostin, lipocalin-2, leptin, and adiponectin were measured pre and post-cART. Spearman's rank-order correlations assessed the cross-sectional associations between hormones and bone and fat mass pre- and post-cART. Linear regression models adjusting for baseline bone or fat mass assessed the association between hormone change and BMD/fat changes following cART initiation. RESULTS ucOCN (p = 0.04) and lipocalin-2 (p = 0.03) increased post-cART while sclerostin, leptin, and adiponectin remained unchanged. BMD significantly decreased post-cART at all skeletal sites. Trunk and total fat increased post-cART but not significantly, while weight and BMI remained unchanged. In models adjusting for baseline BMD and fat mass, change in ucOCN was negatively associated with change in trunk (p = 0.008) and total fat (p = 0.01) and the change in leptin was positively associated with change in total hip (p = 0.03) and trochanteric BMD (p = 0.02). CONCLUSION The current study demonstrates bone-fat crosstalk in cART initiating PLWH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnold Z Olali
- Department of Cell & Molecular Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Qiuhu Shi
- Department of Public Health, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States of America
| | - Donald R Hoover
- Department of Statistics and Institute for Health, Health Care Policy and Aging Research, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States of America
| | - Mariana Bucovsky
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth Shane
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Michael T Yin
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Ryan D Ross
- Department of Cell & Molecular Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States of America.
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27
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Stich FM, Huwiler S, D'Hulst G, Lustenberger C. The Potential Role of Sleep in Promoting a Healthy Body Composition: Underlying Mechanisms Determining Muscle, Fat, and Bone Mass and Their Association with Sleep. Neuroendocrinology 2022; 112:673-701. [PMID: 34348331 DOI: 10.1159/000518691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Sleep plays an essential role in human life. While sleep is a state elicited by the brain, its vital role reaches beyond maintaining brain health. Unhealthy sleeping habits have been associated with increased risk for inflammation, obesity, or diabetes. Evidence is emerging that sleep guides processes playing an important role in promoting the regulation of endocrine function involved in tissue regeneration and tissue remodelling. Thereby, sleep presumably is a critical factor contributing to the balance of core body tissues: bone, fat, and muscle mass. Given the increasing prevalence of various chronic diseases and comorbidities due to unhealthy lifestyle choices, sleep could be a key target to promote a healthy body composition up until old age. Here, we review the potential role of sleep and its underlying brain oscillations in body core tissues turnover. Specifically, we discuss potential underlying mechanisms linking sleep to body composition, both during rest and under challenging conditions. Among other described pathways, we highlight the possible role of the growth hormone that was found to be involved in the homeostasis of all core body tissues and has been strongly linked to brain activity dominating deep sleep, the so-called slow waves. Finally, we formulate important questions to be addressed in future research on the effect of sleep on body composition and specifically emphasize the importance of intervention studies to move from correlative to causal evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabia M Stich
- Neural Control of Movement Lab, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stephanie Huwiler
- Neural Control of Movement Lab, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gommaar D'Hulst
- Laboratory of Exercise and Health, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Caroline Lustenberger
- Neural Control of Movement Lab, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, ETH Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Sleep & Health Zurich, University Center of Competence, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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28
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Yang YY, Zhang D, Ma LY, Hou YF, Bi YF, Xu Y, Xu M, Zhao HY, Sun LH, Tao B, Liu JM. Association of famine exposure and the serum calcium level in healthy Chinese adults. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:937380. [PMID: 36017320 PMCID: PMC9395633 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.937380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Famine exposure and higher serum calcium levels are related with increased risk of many disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, atherosclerosis, diabetes, and osteoporosis. Whether famine exposure has any effect on serum calcium level is unclear. Besides, the normal reference range of serum calcium is variable among different populations. Our aims are 1) determining the reference interval of calcium in Chinese adults; 2) exploring its relationship with famine exposure. METHODS Data in this study was from a cross-sectional study of the epidemiologic investigation carried out during March-August 2010 in Jiading district, Shanghai, China. Nine thousand and two hundred eleven participants with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) ≥60ml/min/1.73m2 were involved to calculate reference interval of total calcium from 10569 participants aged 40 years or older. The analysis of famine exposure was conducted in 9315 participants with complete serum biochemical data and birth year information. RESULTS After rejecting outliers, the 95% reference interval of total serum calcium was 2.122~2.518 mmol/L. The equation of albumin-adjusted calcium was: Total calcium + 0.019* (49-Albumin), with a 95% reference interval of 2.151~2.500 mmol/L. Compared to the age-balanced control group, there was an increased risk of being at the upper quartile of total serum calcium (OR=1.350, 95%CI=1.199-1.521) and albumin-adjusted calcium (OR=1.381, 95%CI=1.234-1.544) in subjects experienced famine exposure in childhood. Females were more vulnerable to this impact (OR= 1.621, 95%CI= 1.396-1.883 for total serum calcium; OR=1.722, 95%CI= 1.497-1.980 for albumin-adjusted calcium). CONCLUSIONS Famine exposure is an important environmental factor associated with the changes in circulating calcium concentrations, the newly established serum calcium normal range and albumin-adjusted calcium equation, together with the history of childhood famine exposure, might be useful in identifying subjects with abnormal calcium homeostasis and related diseases, especially in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-ying Yang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Deng Zhang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling-ying Ma
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan-fang Hou
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-fang Bi
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Xu
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Xu
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong-yan Zhao
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-hao Sun
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Li-hao Sun, ; Bei Tao, ; Jian-min Liu,
| | - Bei Tao
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Li-hao Sun, ; Bei Tao, ; Jian-min Liu,
| | - Jian-min Liu
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Li-hao Sun, ; Bei Tao, ; Jian-min Liu,
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Zhou S, Wang X, Shi J, Han Q, He L, Tang W, Zhang A. Serum fatty acid binding protein 4 levels are associated with abdominal aortic calcification in peritoneal dialysis patients. Ren Fail 2021; 43:1539-1548. [PMID: 34789046 PMCID: PMC8604498 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2021.2003205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4) is an adipokine that was mainly derived from adipocytes and macrophages. Vascular calcification (VC) is highly prevalent in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients and could predict their cardiovascular mortality. The pathogenesis of VC is complex, and adipokines may play an important role in it. This study aimed to examine the relationship between serum FABP4 and VC in PD patients. Methods Serum FABP4 was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. According to the median value of serum FABP4, the participants were divided into the low FABP4 group and the high FABP4 group. Lateral plain X-ray films of abdomen were used to evaluate the abdominal aortic calcification (AAC) score. The participants were divided into the high AAC score group (AAC score ≥4, indicating moderate or heavy VC) and the low AAC score group (AAC score <4, indicating no or mild VC). Results 116 PD patients were involved in the study. The AAC score and the proportion of patients with an AAC score ≥4 of the high FABP4 group were significantly higher than those of the low FABP4 group. Serum FABP4 of the high AAC score group was significantly higher than that of the low AAC score group [164.5 (138.4, 362.8) ng/mL versus 144.7 (123.8, 170.1) ng/mL, p = 0.002]. Serum FABP4 was positively associated with the AAC score according to the multivariate linear regression analysis. In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, serum FABP4 was the independent influencer of an AAC score ≥4. Conclusions Serum FABP4 is positively associated with the AAC score and is an independent marker of AAC in PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijia Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Wang
- Research Center of Clinical Epidemiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Junbao Shi
- Department of Nephrology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qingfeng Han
- Department of Nephrology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lian He
- Department of Nephrology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Tang
- Department of Nephrology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Aihua Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Dharma DS, Bakar NA, Mustafa BE. Evaluation of Salivary Leptin Levels and Its Correlation with Class I, Class II, and Class III Facial Skeletal Pattern: A Prefatory Study. Eur J Dent 2021; 15:647-652. [PMID: 34428845 PMCID: PMC8630970 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1727552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective
The aim of this study was to assess and compare the salivary leptin hormone levels between different classes of facial skeletal pattern (Class I, II, and III).
Materials and Methods
A sample of 62 patients were selected prior to the orthodontic treatment from a population that attended the International Islamic University Malaysia Specialist Orthodontic Clinic. Based on the lateral cephalometric analysis, the subjects were grouped into Class I, Class II, and Class III facial skeletal patterns, according to Eastman and Wits appraisal. Subsequently, unstimulated saliva samples were taken and purified to undergo leptin enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay analysis to determine the levels of leptin hormone. Statistical analysis using the Kruskal–Wallis test was used to analyze the data obtained.
Results
The results showed that there was a significant difference between the levels of leptin hormone between Class I and Class II skeletal patterns and between Class I and Class III facial skeletal patterns. No statistical difference was noted between the levels of leptin of Class II and Class III facial skeletal patterns.
Conclusion
Salivary leptin hormone levels are higher in patients with Class II and Class III facial skeletal patterns compared with Class I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danusha Siva Dharma
- Department of Bioscience, Kulliyyah of Science, International Islamic University Malaysia, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Noraini Abu Bakar
- Department of Orthodontics, Kulliyyah of Dentistry, International Islamic University Malaysia, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Basma Ezzat Mustafa
- Department of Fundamental Dental and Medical Sciences, Kulliyyah of Dentistry, International Islamic University Malaysia, Pahang, Malaysia
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Pouraghaei Sevari S, Kim JK, Chen C, Nasajpour A, Wang CY, Krebsbach PH, Khademhosseini A, Ansari S, Weiss PS, Moshaverinia A. Whitlockite-Enabled Hydrogel for Craniofacial Bone Regeneration. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:35342-35355. [PMID: 34297530 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c07453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Growth-factor-free bone regeneration remains a challenge in craniofacial engineering. Here, we engineered an osteogenic niche composed of a commercially modified alginate hydrogel and whitlockite microparticles (WHMPs), which impart tunable physicochemical properties that can direct osteogenesis of human gingival mesenchymal stem cells (GMSCs). Our in vitro studies demonstrate that WHMPs induce osteogenesis of GMSCs more effectively than previously demonstrated hydroxyapatite microparticles (HApMPs). Alginate-WHMP hydrogels showed higher elasticity without any adverse effects on the viability of the encapsulated GMSCs. Moreover, the alginate-WHMP hydrogels upregulate the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, which in turn orchestrates several osteogenic markers, such as RUNX2 and OCN, in the encapsulated GMSCs. Concurrent coculture studies with human osteoclasts demonstrate that GMSCs encapsulated in alginate-WHMP hydrogels downregulate osteoclastic activity, potentially due to release of Mg2+ ions from the WHMPs along with secretion of osteoprotegerin from the GMSCs. In vivo studies demonstrated that the GMSCs encapsulated in our osteogenic niche were able to promote bone repair in calvarial defects in murine models. Altogether, our results confirmed the development of a promising treatment modality for craniofacial bone regeneration based on an injectable growth-factor-free hydrogel delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevda Pouraghaei Sevari
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Jin Koo Kim
- Section of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Chider Chen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Pharmacology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Amir Nasajpour
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Cun-Yu Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Laboratory of Molecular Signaling, Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Paul H Krebsbach
- Section of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, California 90049, United States
| | - Sahar Ansari
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Paul S Weiss
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Alireza Moshaverinia
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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Impact of Leptin on Periodontal Ligament Fibroblasts during Mechanical Strain. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22136847. [PMID: 34202165 PMCID: PMC8268745 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Orthodontic treatment to correct dental malocclusions leads to the formation of pressure zones in the periodontal ligament resulting in a sterile inflammatory reaction, which is mediated by periodontal ligament fibroblasts (PDLF). Leptin levels are elevated in obesity and chronic inflammatory responses. In view of the increasing number of orthodontic patients with these conditions, insights into effects on orthodontic treatment are of distinct clinical relevance. A possible influence of leptin on the expression profile of PDLF during simulated orthodontic mechanical strain, however, has not yet been investigated. In this study, PDLF were exposed to mechanical strain with or without different leptin concentrations. The gene and protein expression of proinflammatory and bone-remodelling factors were analysed with RT-qPCR, Western-blot and ELISA. The functional analysis of PDLF-induced osteoclastogenesis was analysed by TRAP (tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase) staining in coculture with human macrophages. Pressure-induced increase of proinflammatory factors was additionally elevated with leptin treatment. PDLF significantly increased RANKL (receptor activator of NF-kB ligand) expression after compression, while osteoprotegerin was downregulated. An additional leptin effect was demonstrated for RANKL as well as for subsequent osteoclastogenesis in coculture after TRAP staining. Our results suggest that increased leptin concentrations, as present in obese patients, may influence orthodontic tooth movement. In particular, the increased expression of proinflammatory factors and RANKL as well as increased osteoclastogenesis can be assumed to accelerate bone resorption and thus the velocity of orthodontic tooth movement in the orthodontic treatment of obese patients.
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Wang Z, Huang X, Ye X, Li X, Wei J. Roles of leptin on the key effector cells of rheumatoid arthritis. Immunol Lett 2021; 233:92-96. [PMID: 33652029 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2021.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Leptin, an adipokine sharing structural characteristics of the long-chain helical cytokine family with the crucial role as a regulator in energy homeostasis, has been paid more and more attention to its immunoregulatory function. Emerging evidence has indicated the roles of leptin on autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematous (SLE), multiple sclerosis (MS), rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and psoriasis, implying that leptin may be involved in autoimmune disorders. It is very definite that there exists immunocyte dysfunction in RA patients. Growing data has manifested that leptin is increased in both serum and synovial fluid of RA patients compared to healthy controls, suggesting leptin probably takes part in the pathogenesis of RA. The aim of this review is to discuss about what we currently know with regard to the role of leptin in immune system and its effects on RA crucial cells. To clarify the role of leptin in the pathogenesis of RA is beneficial to both the treatment and medical study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wang
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Liaoning, China
| | - Xinxin Huang
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaokang Ye
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Liaoning, China
| | - Xia Li
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Liaoning, China
| | - Jing Wei
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Liaoning, China.
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Martyniak K, Wei F, Ballesteros A, Meckmongkol T, Calder A, Gilbertson T, Orlovskaya N, Coathup MJ. Do polyunsaturated fatty acids protect against bone loss in our aging and osteoporotic population? Bone 2021; 143:115736. [PMID: 33171312 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Age-related bone loss is inevitable in both men and women and there will soon be more people of extreme old age than ever before. Osteoporosis is a common chronic disease and as the proportion of older people, rate of obesity and the length of life increases, a rise in age-related degenerating bone diseases, disability, and prolonged dependency is projected. Fragility fractures are one of the most severe complications associated with both primary and secondary osteoporosis and current treatment strategies target weight-bearing exercise and pharmacological intervention, both with limited long-term success. Obesity and osteoporosis are intimately interrelated, and diet is a variable that plays a significant role in bone regeneration and repair. The Western Diet is characterized by its unhealthy components, specifically excess amounts of saturated fat intake. This review examines the impact of saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acid consumption on chronic inflammation, osteogenesis, bone architecture, and strength and explores the hypothesis that dietary polyunsaturated fats have a beneficial effect on osteogenesis, reducing bone loss by decreasing chronic inflammation, and activating bone resorption through key cellular and molecular mechanisms in our aging population. We conclude that aging, obesity and a diet high in saturated fatty acids significantly impairs bone regeneration and repair and that consumption of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids is associated with significantly increased bone regeneration, improved microarchitecture and structural strength. However, ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids were typically pro-inflammatory and have been associated with an increased fracture risk. This review suggests a potential role for ω-3 fatty acids as a non-pharmacological dietary method of reducing bone loss in our aging population. We also conclude that contemporary amendments to the formal nutritional recommendations made by the Food and Nutrition Board may be necessary such that our aging population is directly considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kari Martyniak
- Biionix Cluster, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States; Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Fei Wei
- Biionix Cluster, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States; Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Amelia Ballesteros
- Biionix Cluster, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States; Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Teerin Meckmongkol
- Biionix Cluster, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States; Department of General Surgery, Nemours Children's Hospital, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Ashley Calder
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Timothy Gilbertson
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Nina Orlovskaya
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Melanie J Coathup
- Biionix Cluster, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States; Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States.
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Tomaszewska E, Burmańczuk N, Dobrowolski P, Świątkiewicz M, Donaldson J, Burmańczuk A, Mielnik-Błaszczak M, Kuc D, Milewski S, Muszyński S. The Protective Role of Alpha-Ketoglutaric Acid on the Growth and Bone Development of Experimentally Induced Perinatal Growth-Retarded Piglets. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:E137. [PMID: 33435211 PMCID: PMC7826854 DOI: 10.3390/ani11010137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The effect of alpha-ketoglutaric acid (AKG) supplementation to experimentally-induced, perinatal growth-retarded piglets was examined. Sows were treated with a synthetic glucocorticoid (Gc) during the last 25 days of pregnancy, and after the birth, piglets were randomly divided into three groups depending on the treatment. The Gc/Gc + AKG and Gc/AKG groups born by Gc-treated sows after the birth were treated with Gc or Gc + AKG for 35 days. Significantly lower serum growth hormone, IGF-I, osteocalcin, leptin, and cortisol concentrations were observed in the Gc/Gc + AKG group, while the bone alkaline phosphatase activity was significantly higher. Serum insulin concentration was higher in the control group. Serum alanine, lysine, histidine, and tryptophan concentrations were higher in the Gc/Gc + AKG and Gc/AKG groups. The perinatal action of Gc significantly affects histomorphometry of articular cartilage and trabecular bone and bone mechanics. The results clearly showed that dietary AKG had positive effects with regards to the profile of free amino acids. Taking into account the function of AKG as an energy donor and stimulator of collagen synthesis, it can be concluded that the anabolic role of AKG may be the main mechanism responsible for its protective effect against the GC-induced perinatal intensified catabolic state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Tomaszewska
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka St. 12, 20-950 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Natalia Burmańczuk
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka St. 12, 20-950 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Piotr Dobrowolski
- Department of Functional Anatomy and Cytobiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Akademicka St. 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Małgorzata Świątkiewicz
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Krakowska St. 1, 32-083 Balice, Poland;
| | - Janine Donaldson
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Physiology, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa;
| | - Artur Burmańczuk
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Preclinical Veterinary Sciences, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka St. 12, 20-950 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Maria Mielnik-Błaszczak
- Department of Developmental Dentistry, Medical University of Lublin, 7 Karmelicka St., 20-081 Lublin, Poland; (M.M.-B.); (D.K.)
| | - Damian Kuc
- Department of Developmental Dentistry, Medical University of Lublin, 7 Karmelicka St., 20-081 Lublin, Poland; (M.M.-B.); (D.K.)
| | - Szymon Milewski
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Environmental Biology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka St. 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland; (S.M.); (S.M.)
| | - Siemowit Muszyński
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Environmental Biology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka St. 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland; (S.M.); (S.M.)
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Guo Y, Xu C, Wu X, Zhang W, Sun Y, Shrestha A. Leptin regulates OPG and RANKL expression in Gingival Fibroblasts and Tissues of Chronic Periodontitis Patients. Int J Med Sci 2021; 18:2431-2437. [PMID: 33967621 PMCID: PMC8100636 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.56151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Chronic periodontitis is a bone-destructive disease affecting periodontal support structures. Although leptin has a protective effect against periodontitis, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the possible role of leptin by examining its relationship with OPG and RANKL in human gingival tissues obtained from patients with chronic periodontitis. Method: Twenty-two patients with chronic periodontitis were enrolled (10 with moderate periodontitis and 12 with severe periodontitis) in the experimental group, and 12 healthy individuals were enrolled in the control group. Gingival tissue samples were collected, and the protein levels and localization of leptin, OPG, and RANKL were studied using immunohistochemistry (IHC). The staining intensities of leptin, OPG, and RANKL were correlated with the periodontal clinical index. Moreover, real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) was used to determine OPG and RANKL mRNA levels in gingival fibroblasts stimulated with gradient concentrations of leptin protein in vitro. Result: Leptin, OPG, and RANKL were located in the cytoplasm of gingival epithelial cells and the connective tissue. Leptin was widely and significantly expressed in the control group, whereas it was lightly stained in the severe group. RANKL was lightly stained in the control group, whereas it was widely and significantly expressed in the severe group. The control and the moderate groups had similar OPG levels, which were significantly higher than that in the severe group. Leptin was positively correlated with OPG(r = 0.905, p < 0.01) and negatively correlated with RANKL (r = -0.635, p < 0.01). In vitro low concentrations of leptin led to an increased OPG/RANKL mRNA ratio, whereas the opposite effect was observed at high concentrations. Conclusion: Leptin can regulate OPG and RANKL expression in gingival fibroblasts and may thus play a role in the development of chronic periodontitis by modulating the OPG/RANKL ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiting Guo
- Central of Stomatology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Stomatological Hospital of Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, China
| | - Chunjiao Xu
- Central of Stomatology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoshan Wu
- Central of Stomatology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wenrui Zhang
- Central of Stomatology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yumei Sun
- Central of Stomatology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Alisha Shrestha
- Central of Stomatology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
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Hou J, He C, He W, Yang M, Luo X, Li C. Obesity and Bone Health: A Complex Link. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:600181. [PMID: 33409277 PMCID: PMC7779553 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.600181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
So far, the connections between obesity and skeleton have been extensively explored, but the results are inconsistent. Obesity is thought to affect bone health through a variety of mechanisms, including body weight, fat volume, bone formation/resorption, proinflammatory cytokines together with bone marrow microenvironment. In this review, we will mainly describe the effects of adipokines secreted by white adipose tissue on bone cells, as well as the interaction between brown adipose tissue, bone marrow adipose tissue, and bone metabolism. Meanwhile, this review also reviews the evidence for the effects of adipose tissue and its distribution on bone mass and bone-related diseases, along with the correlation between different populations with obesity and bone health. And we describe changes in bone metabolism in patients with anorexia nervosa or type 2 diabetes. In summary, all of these findings show that the response of skeleton to obesity is complex and depends on diversified factors, such as mechanical loading, obesity type, the location of adipose tissue, gender, age, bone sites, and secreted cytokines, and that these factors may exert a primary function in bone health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Hou
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, The Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chen He
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, The Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wenzhen He
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, The Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Mi Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, The Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders (Xiangya Hospital), Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Xianghang Luo
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, The Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders (Xiangya Hospital), Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Changjun Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, The Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders (Xiangya Hospital), Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
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Zhang W, Qian F, Lu G, Wu Y, Li R, Xia L, Zhao R, Lin Y, Gu M, Chen W. Pituitary stalk interruption syndrome: A rare case report and literature review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e23266. [PMID: 33327247 PMCID: PMC7738060 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000023266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Pituitary stalk interruption syndrome (PSIS) is a congenital pituitary anatomical defect. It is characterized by the triad of thin or interrupted pituitary stalk, absent or ectopic posterior lobe, and hypoplastic or aplastic anterior lobe. Moreover, this condition is considered rare. PATIENT CONCERNS A 23-year-old male patient presented with a history of short stature and hypogonadism. Laboratory assessment revealed low thyroxine, cortisol, and adrenocorticotropic hormone levels, which are consistent with adrenal insufficiency without hypoglycemia. The insulin-induced hypoglycemia tolerance test finding indicated growth hormone (GH) deficiency. Moreover, magnetic resonance imaging revealed an interrupted pituitary stalk, ectopic posterior pituitary, and hypoplastic anterior pituitary. This triad of symptoms was indicative of PSIS. DIAGNOSIS INTERVENTIONS:: The patient was deficient in adrenaline, thyroxine, gonadal steroid, and GH. Thus, glucocorticoid replacement therapy was initiated, followed by euthyrox, androgen, and human chorionic gonadotropin treatment. Calcium tablets, calcitriol, and alendronate sodium were used for the management of osteoporosis. The patient was 164 cm tall, and his bone age was approximately 15 years old. However, owing to a poor economic condition, the family did not proceed with GH therapy. OUTCOMES The patient did not present with adrenal or hypothyroidism crisis after receiving poly-hormonal replacement therapy. His secondary sexual characteristics began to develop. However, owing to a short treatment window period, the patient could not receive the required treatment. Hence, whether the patient would have a normal fertility function needs to be confirmed. LESSONS PSIS is a rare disease with various clinical characteristics. During the neonatal period and infancy, the signs and symptoms of PSIS are often not evident. Therefore, diagnosis is delayed. The early detection of hormone deficiency and treatment initiation can affect both the quality of life and the prognosis of patients with PSIS. Thus, the diagnosis and treatment of this disease must be improved to help patients achieve a better quality of life and to prevent reproductive health problems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Guan Lu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery
| | - Yao Wu
- Department of Urological Surgery
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Education and Science
| | - Lijuan Xia
- Department of MRI, Qujing Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan
| | | | - Yi Lin
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingyu Gu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
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Effect of Qing'e Decoction on Leptin/Leptin Receptor and Bone Metabolism in Naturally Aging Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:2532081. [PMID: 33014100 PMCID: PMC7520685 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2532081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Senile osteoporosis (SOP) is a common disease that has decreased bone strength as its main symptom. There is currently no medication that can treat SOP, and traditional Chinese medicine has advantages in slowing down bone aging. The present study aimed to observe the effects of Qing'e decoction on leptin, leptin receptor, sex hormone, and biochemical markers of bone metabolism in naturally aging rats and to explore its mechanism in regulating bone metabolism. The results revealed that, with the increase in age, the bone mineral density (BMD), bone strength, bone trabecula sparse, serum levels of leptin receptor (LEP-R), estradiol (E2), testosterone (T), core binding-factor α-1 (Cbfα-1), collagen-I (COL-I) and osteocalcin (OC), and the mRNA levels of leptin (LEP) and LEP-R in bone tissue decreased, while serum LEP levels increased in the female and male NS groups. The serum levels of LEP, LEP-R, E2, T, osteoprotegerin, Cbfα-1, COL-I, OC and bone alkaline phosphatase, and the mRNA levels of LEP and LEP-R in bone tissue in the female and male QED groups were higher than those in the same age and sex NS group, while the BMD, bone trabecular area percentage, maximum load, and maximum stress in the female and male QED groups were significantly higher than those in the same age and sex NS group. In conclusion, with the increase in age, the bone quality of naturally aging rats decreased gradually. Qing'e decoction can regulate the bone metabolism and increase the bone quality and delay bone aging, which may be achieved by increasing sex hormone, LEP, and LEP-R levels.
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40
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Ruiz-Heiland G, Yong JW, von Bremen J, Ruf S. Leptin reduces in vitro cementoblast mineralization and survival as well as induces PGE2 release by ERK1/2 commitment. Clin Oral Investig 2020; 25:1933-1944. [PMID: 32820432 PMCID: PMC7965856 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-020-03501-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Juvenile obesity is a complex clinical condition that is present more and more frequently in the daily orthodontic practice. Over-weighted patients have an impaired bone metabolism, due in part to their increased levels of circulating adipokines. Particularly, leptin has been reported to play a key role in bone physiology. Leptin is ubiquitously present in the body, including blood, saliva, and crevicular fluid. If, and to what extent, it could influence the reaction of cementoblasts during orthodontic-induced forces is yet unknown. Material and methods OCCM-30 cementoblasts were cultivated under compressive forces using different concentrations of leptin. The expression of ObR, Runx-2, Osteocalcin, Rank-L, Sost, Caspase 3, 8, and 9 were analyzed by RT-PCR. Western blots were employed for protein analysis. The ERK1/2 antagonist FR180204 (Calbiochem) was used and cPLA2 activation, PGE2, and cytochrome C release were further evaluated. Results In vitro, when compressive forces are applied, leptin promotes ERK1/2 phosphorylation, as well as upregulates PGE2 and caspase 3 and caspase 9 on OCCM cells. Blockade of ERK1/2 impairs leptin-induced PGE2 secretion and reduced caspase 3 and caspase 9 expression. Conclusions Leptin influences the physiological effect of compressive forces on cementoblasts, exerting in vitro a pro-inflammatory and pro-apoptotic effect. Clinical relevance Our findings indicate that leptin exacerbates the physiological effect of compressive forces on cementoblasts promoting the release of PGE2 and increases the rate of cell apoptosis, and thus, increased levels of leptin may influence the inflammatory response during orthodontically induced tooth movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Ruiz-Heiland
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Giessen, Schlangenzahl 14, 35392, Giessen, Germany.
| | - J W Yong
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Giessen, Schlangenzahl 14, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - J von Bremen
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Giessen, Schlangenzahl 14, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - S Ruf
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Giessen, Schlangenzahl 14, 35392, Giessen, Germany
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Mori MA. Aging: a New Perspective on an Old Issue. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2020; 92:e20200437. [PMID: 32638871 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202020200437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The world is undergoing a profound demographic change with a rapid increase in the prevalence of aged individuals. The finitude of life, the burden of senescence and the search for strategies to prolong human life span have troubled humanity since ancient times. However, only in the past few decades we started to understand how organisms age and how life span can be manipulated. Here I give an historical perspective of the aging field and conclude with the notion that aging is controlled by signals from the adipose tissue which are tightly controlled by small non-coding RNAs such as miRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo A Mori
- Laboratory of Aging Biology (LaBE), Universidade Estadual de Campinas/UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
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42
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Shahen VA, Gerbaix M, Koeppenkastrop S, Lim SF, McFarlane KE, Nguyen ANL, Peng XY, Weiss NB, Brennan-Speranza TC. Multifactorial effects of hyperglycaemia, hyperinsulinemia and inflammation on bone remodelling in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2020; 55:109-118. [PMID: 32354674 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2020.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Bones undergo continuous cycles of bone remodelling that rely on the balance between bone formation and resorption. This balance allows the bone to adapt to changes in mechanical loads and repair microdamages. However, this balance is susceptible to upset in various conditions, leading to impaired bone remodelling and abnormal bones. This is usually indicated by abnormal bone mineral density (BMD), an indicator of bone strength. Despite this, patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) exhibit normal to high BMD, yet still suffer from an increased risk of fractures. The activity of the bone cells is also altered as indicated by the reduced levels of bone turnover markers in T2DM observed in the circulation. The underlying mechanisms behind these skeletal outcomes in patients with T2DM remain unclear. This review summarises recent findings regarding inflammatory cytokine factors associated with T2DM to understand the mechanisms involved and considers potential therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- V A Shahen
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Australia
| | - M Gerbaix
- Division of Bone Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine Specialties, Geneva University Hospital & Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - S Koeppenkastrop
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Australia
| | - S F Lim
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Australia
| | - K E McFarlane
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Amanda N L Nguyen
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Australia
| | - X Y Peng
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Australia
| | - N B Weiss
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Australia
| | - T C Brennan-Speranza
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Australia; School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Australia.
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Li J, Gao Y, Yu T, Lange JK, LeBoff MS, Gorska A, Luu S, Zhou S, Glowacki J. Obesity and leptin influence vitamin D metabolism and action in human marrow stromal cells. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2020; 198:105564. [PMID: 31809868 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2019.105564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is associated with low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [s25(OH)D], high serum leptin, and generally high bone mineral density (BMD). Human Marrow Stromal Cells (hMSCs) differentiate to osteoblasts and are both a target and source of vitamin D metabolites in bone marrow. There is no information about the influence of obesity on vitamin D metabolism and osteoblastogenesis in hMSCs and little about direct effects of leptin on hMSCs. In this study, we tested the hypotheses that 1) obesity has an influence on the ex vivo constitutive expression of vitamin D-hydroxylase genes in hMSCs, and 2) recombinant human (rh) Leptin regulates the D-hydroxylases and promotes osteoblastogenesis in hMSCs. In a cohort of female subjects undergoing joint replacement surgery, the effects of Body Mass Index (BMI) and Fat Mass Index (FMI) on BMD T-scores and s25(OH)D were evaluated. hMSCs were isolated from bone tissues discarded during surgery. The direct effects of rh-Leptin on osteoblast differentiation and D-related genes in hMSCs were examined in vitro. There were positive correlations for BMD T-score of femoral neck and spine with BMI and FMI. Serum 25(OH)D levels in obese subjects were 71% of that in non-obese counterparts (p = 0.001). hMSCs from obese women had higher constitutive expression of CYP27A1/25-hydroxylase and vitamin D receptor. Those findings raised the mechanistic question of how obesity could influence vitamin D metabolism and osteoblast differentiation in hMSCs. Treating hMSCs with rh-Leptin in vitro significantly stimulated osteoblastogenesis. In addition, leptin downregulated CYP24A1 and upregulated CYP27B1, CYP27A1 and VDR, which play vital roles in vitamin D metabolism. Furthermore, co-treatment with leptin and vitamin D3 metabolites promoted ALP activity compared with either alone. This research demonstrates links between obesity, vitamin D metabolism, and osteoblastogenesis by which leptin's direct effects on D-metabolism and osteoblast differentiation in hMSCs may protect bone from low s25(OH)D in obese subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Endocrinology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University West China School of Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Orthopedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Tao Yu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Jeffrey K Lange
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Meryl S LeBoff
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anna Gorska
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Simon Luu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shuanhu Zhou
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Julie Glowacki
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
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Armamento-Villareal R, Aguirre L, Waters DL, Napoli N, Qualls C, Villareal DT. Effect of Aerobic or Resistance Exercise, or Both, on Bone Mineral Density and Bone Metabolism in Obese Older Adults While Dieting: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Bone Miner Res 2020; 35:430-439. [PMID: 31797417 PMCID: PMC7064383 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Weight loss therapy of older adults with obesity is limited by weight loss-induced decrease in bone mineral density (BMD), which could exacerbate ongoing age-related bone loss and increase the risk for fractures. Therefore, it is recommended that weight loss therapy of older adults with obesity should include an intervention such as regular exercise to reduce the concomitant bone loss. However, the most appropriate exercise types to combine with weight loss therapy in this older population is unknown. In a randomized controlled trial, we performed a head-to-head comparison of aerobic or resistance exercise, or both, during matched ~10% weight loss in 160 older adults with obesity. We measured changes in BMD (total hip, femoral neck, trochanter, intertrochanter, one-third radius, lumbar spine) and bone markers. Changes between groups were analyzed using mixed-model repeated measures analyses of variance. After 6 months of intensive lifestyle interventions, BMD decreased less in the resistance group (-0.006 g/cm2 [-0.7%]) and combination group (-0.012 g/cm2 [-1.1%]) than in the aerobic group (-0.027 g/cm2 [-2.6%]) (p = 0.001 for between-group comparisons). Serum C-telopeptide, procollagen type 1 N-propeptide, and osteocalcin concentrations increased more in the aerobic group (33%, 16%, and 16%, respectively) than in the resistance group (7%, 2%, and 0%, respectively) and combination group (11%, 2%, and 5%, respectively) (p = 0.004 to 0.048 for between-group comparisons). Multiple regression analyses revealed that the decline in whole body mass and serum leptin were the independent predictors of the decline in hip BMD (multiple R = 0.45 [p < .001]). These findings indicate that compared with aerobic exercise, resistance and combined aerobic and resistance exercise are associated with less weight loss-induced decrease in hip BMD and less weight loss-induced increase in bone turnover. Therefore, both resistance and combined aerobic and resistance exercise can be recommended to protect against bone loss during weight loss therapy of older adults with obesity. (LITOE ClinicalTrials.gov number NCT01065636.) © 2019 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research. Published 2019. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reina Armamento-Villareal
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases (CTRID), Michael E DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lina Aguirre
- Medicine Care Line, New Mexico VA Health Care System, Albuquerque, NM, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Debra L Waters
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, USA.,Department of Medicine, School of Physiotherapy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Nicola Napoli
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Clifford Qualls
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Dennis T Villareal
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases (CTRID), Michael E DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA
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Evia-Viscarra ML, Guardado-Mendoza R. Comparison between metabolically healthy obesity and metabolically unhealthy obesity by different definitions among Mexican children. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2020; 33:215-222. [PMID: 31834862 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2019-0077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Background There is no consensus on the definition of metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) and the diagnostic criteria in children. Objectives To estimate the prevalence of MHO and compare clinical and biochemical characteristics between MHO and metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO), and to evaluate the association between MUO and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, anthropometrics and family background using different definitions in children. Methods This was a cross-sectional study. Participants included 224 obese children between the years 2007 and 2017. MHO was defined by three different criteria: (i) absence of metabolic syndrome (MHO-MS), (ii) no insulin resistance (IR) by homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) <3.16 cut-off (MHO-IR3.16) and (iii) absence of IR at <95th percentile for Mexican children (MHO-95th). Results The prevalence of MHO-MS, MHO-IR3.16 and MHO-IR95th was 12.9%, 56.3% and 41.5%, respectively. The prevalence of simultaneous MHO-MS plus MHO-IR95th was 5.36%. Children with MHO-MS vs. MUO-MS showed lower height, weight and body mass index (BMI) percentiles; MHO-IR3.16 vs. MUO-IR3.16 showed lower age, acanthosis, Tanner, waist circumference (WC), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and glucose; and MHO-IR95th vs. MUO-IR95th showed lower acanthosis, WC, DBP, glucose and high high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). MUO-MS was associated with WC > 90th, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in first-degree relatives and obesity in siblings. MUO-IR3.16 was associated with pubertal stages, WC > 90th, WHtR > 0.55 and fasting hyperglycemia. MUO-IR95th was associated with WHtR > 0.55 and HDL < 10th. MHO-MS and MHO-IR3.16 or MHO-IR95th did not have agreement. Conclusions The prevalence of MHO varied depending on the definition, although the real MHO with no MS or IR is very low. Low DBP and high HDL-C in MHO were present in any definition. Association of MUO with anthropometric, biochemical and family background differs across definitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Lola Evia-Viscarra
- Pediatrics Endocrinology, Diabetes in Child and Adolescent, Postgrade, MSc in Clinical Investigation, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad del Bajío, Blvd. Milenio 130, San Carlos la Roncha, C.P. 37670, León, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Rodolfo Guardado-Mendoza
- Department of Research, Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad del Bajío, León, Guanajuato, Mexico
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Li J, Chen X, Lu L, Yu X. The relationship between bone marrow adipose tissue and bone metabolism in postmenopausal osteoporosis. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2020; 52:88-98. [PMID: 32081538 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2020.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP) is a prevalent skeletal disorder associated with menopause-related estrogen withdrawal. PMOP is characterized by low bone mass, deterioration of the skeletal microarchitecture, and subsequent increased susceptibility to fragility fractures, thus contributing to disability and mortality. Accumulating evidence indicates that abnormal expansion of marrow adipose tissue (MAT) plays a crucial role in the onset and progression of PMOP, in part because both bone marrow adipocytes and osteoblasts share a common ancestor lineage. The cohabitation of MAT adipocytes, mesenchymal stromal cells, hematopoietic cells, osteoblasts and osteoclasts in the bone marrow creates a microenvironment that permits adipocytes to act directly on other cell types in the marrow. Furthermore, MAT, which is recognized as an endocrine organ, regulates bone remodeling through the secretion of adipokines and cytokines. Although an enhanced MAT volume is linked to low bone mass and fractures in PMOP, the detailed interactions between MAT and bone metabolism remain largely unknown. In this review, we examine the possible mechanisms of MAT expansion under estrogen withdrawal and further summarize emerging findings regarding the pathological roles of MAT in bone remodeling. We also discuss the current therapies targeting MAT in osteoporosis. A comprehensive understanding of the relationship between MAT expansion and bone metabolism in estrogen deficiency conditions will provide new insights into potential therapeutic targets for PMOP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Li
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Lingyun Lu
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China; Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Xijie Yu
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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Li X, Liu X, Wang Y, Cao F, Chen Z, Hu Z, Yu B, Feng H, Ba Z, Liu T, Li H, Jiang B, Huang Y, Li L, Wu D. Intervertebral disc degeneration in mice with type II diabetes induced by leptin receptor deficiency. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2020; 21:77. [PMID: 32024487 PMCID: PMC7003448 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-020-3091-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The leptin receptor-deficient knockout (db/db) mouse is a well-established model for studying type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM). T2DM is an important risk factor of intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD). Although the relationship between type I diabetes and IVDD has been reported by many studies, few studies have reported the effects of T2DM on IVDD in db/db mice model. Methods Mice were separated into 3 groups: wild-type (WT), db/db, and IGF-1 groups (leptin receptor-deficient mice were treated with insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1). To observe the effects of T2DM and glucose-lowering treatment on IVDD, IGF-1 injection was used. The IVD phenotype was detected by H&E and safranin O fast green staining among db/db, WT and IGF-1 mice. The levels of blood glucose and weight in mice were also recorded. The changes in the mass of the trabecular bone in the fifth lumbar vertebra were documented by micro-computed tomography (micro-CT). Tunnel assays were used to detect cell apoptosis in each group. Results The weight of the mice were 27.68 ± 1.6 g in WT group, which was less than 57.56 ± 4.8 g in db/db group, and 52.17 ± 3.7 g in IGF-1 injected group (P < 0.05). The blood glucose levels were also significantly higher in the db/db mice group. T2DM caused by leptin receptor knockout showed an association with significantly decreased vertebral bone mass and increased IVDD when compared to WT mice. The db/db mice induced by leptin deletion showed a higher percentage of MMP3 expression as well as cell apoptosis in IVDD mice than WT mice (P < 0.05), while IGF-1 treatment reversed this situation (P < 0.05). Conclusions T2DM induced by leptin receptor knockout led to IVDD by increasing the levels of MMP3 and promoting cell apoptosis. IGF-1 treatment partially rescue the phenotype of IVDD induced by leptin receptor knockout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhua Li
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 150 Jimo Road, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Xiaoming Liu
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 150 Jimo Road, Shanghai, 200120, China.,Department of Orthopedics, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1111 XianXia Road, Shanghai, 200336, China
| | - Yiru Wang
- Department of endocrinology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Fuming Cao
- Department of endocrinology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Zhaoxiong Chen
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 150 Jimo Road, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Zhouyang Hu
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 150 Jimo Road, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Bin Yu
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 150 Jimo Road, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Hang Feng
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 150 Jimo Road, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Zhaoyu Ba
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 150 Jimo Road, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 150 Jimo Road, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Haoxi Li
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 150 Jimo Road, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Bei Jiang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 150 Jimo Road, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Yufeng Huang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 150 Jimo Road, Shanghai, 200120, China.
| | - Lijun Li
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 150 Jimo Road, Shanghai, 200120, China.
| | - Desheng Wu
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 150 Jimo Road, Shanghai, 200120, China.
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Zhao Y, Wang HL, Li TT, Yang F, Tzeng CM. Baicalin Ameliorates Dexamethasone-Induced Osteoporosis by Regulation of the RANK/RANKL/OPG Signaling Pathway. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2020; 14:195-206. [PMID: 32021104 PMCID: PMC6970258 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s225516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background Osteoporosis is a chronic bone metabolism disorder affecting millions of the world population. The RANKL/RANK/OPG signaling pathway has been confirmed to be the main regulator of osteoporosis. It is of great interest to identify appropriate therapeutic agents that can regulate the RANKL/RANK/OPG pathway. Baicalin (BA) is a well-known traditional Chinese medicine formula against various inflammatory diseases with a proven role of the RANKL/RANK/OPG pathway regulation. However, the potential effect of BA on osteoporosis and the mechanisms underlying this remain unclear. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the efficacy of BA in the prevention of dexamethasone (DEX)-induced osteoporosis in zebrafish. Methods In this study, growth and development changes of zebrafish and calcein staining were assessed with a micrograph. The expression levels of RANKL and OPG and transcription factors in response to DEX induction and BA administration were evaluated by Western blotting and qRT-PCR. In addition, the intermolecular interactions of BA and RANKL were investigated by molecular docking. Results Results show that BA enhances the growth and development of dexamethasone (DEX)-induced osteoporosis in zebrafish larvae. Calcein staining and calcium and phosphorus determination revealed that BA ameliorates mineralization of DEX-induced osteoporosis zebrafish larvae. BA also regulates the expression of RANKL and OPG and hampers the changes in gene expression related to bone formation and resorption under the induction of DEX in zebrafish. It can be inferred by molecular docking that BA may interact directly with the extracellular domain of RANKL. Conclusion The findings, herein, reveal that BA ameliorates DEX-induced osteoporosis by regulation of the RANK/RANKL/OPG signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Bio-Manufacture, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui-Ling Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, People's Republic of China
| | - Tong-Tong Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, People's Republic of China
| | - Chi-Meng Tzeng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, People's Republic of China
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E Hassan N, A El-Masry S, A El Banna R, Al-Tohamy M, El-Lebedy D, Adel Abdelhalim D, Amin D, Megahed S, Khalil A. Bone Health and its Relation to Energy Intake, Fat Mass and its Distribution. Pak J Biol Sci 2020; 23:1075-1085. [PMID: 32700859 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2020.1075.1085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Osteoporosis and obesity are two of the most important inter-related diseases worldwide. This study aimed to investigate impact of fat mass and its distribution on bone health in relation to energy intake among sample of Egyptian women. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cross-sectional study included 116 Egyptian women with age range 25-65 years old. They were classified according to the menopause into 2 groups: Pre-menopausal (n = 51) and post menopausal (n = 65). All participants have undergone anthropometric measurements, body composition, DEXA and laboratory investigations. RESULTS Among overweight/obese women, pre-menopausal women had significant higher values of BMR and BMD at both lumbar spines, neck of femur and significant lower values of central obesity (waist/hip ratio, waist/height ratio, visceral fat) and C-terminal peptides than postmenopausal ones. Among pre and post-menopausal women, BMD at both sites had significant positive correlations with obesity markers (BMI, waist and hip circumferences), fat mass, BMR, in addition to fat distribution, visceral fat, leptin among pre-menopausal women and C-terminal peptide among postmenopausal women. Among pre-menopausal women, BMR significantly explained 56% of the variations in BMD at neck of femur, while at lumbar spines the best model was BMI, BMR and waist circumference, which significantly explain 33% of the variations in BMD. CONCLUSION Bone health positively correlated with BMI, fat mass and its distribution and BMR, particularly at femur neck, among pre and post-menopausal Egyptian women. Overweight/obesity can be considered as a protective factor for bone health.
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Wang CH, Lai YH, Lin YL, Kuo CH, Syu RJ, Chen MC, Hsu BG. Increased Serum Leptin Level Predicts Bone Mineral Density in Hemodialysis Patients. Int J Endocrinol 2020; 2020:8451751. [PMID: 32565794 PMCID: PMC7290877 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8451751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leptin acts through the adipose-bone axis to regulate bone mineral density (BMD). This study evaluated the relationship between BMD and serum leptin levels in patients on hemodialysis. METHODS In this cross-sectional study including 98 hemodialysis patients, BMD was measured using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry of the lumbar vertebrae (L2-L4), and serum leptin levels were determined using an enzyme immunoassay. RESULTS There were 25 (25.5%), 13 (13.3%), and 60 (61.2%) patients with osteopenia, osteoporosis, and normal BMD, respectively. Advanced age (P=0.017); decreased body mass index (BMI, P < 0.001); body height (P < 0.001); prehemodialysis body weight (BW, P < 0.001); post-hemodialysis BW (P < 0.001); waist circumference (P < 0.001); and triglyceride (P=0.015), albumin (P=0.004), and leptin levels (P=0.017) were associated with lower lumbar T scores, whereas increased urea reduction rate (URR, P=0.004) and fractional clearance index for urea (Kt/V, P=0.004) were associated with lower lumbar T scores. The multivariable forward stepwise linear regression analysis with adjustment for sex; age; body height; prehemodialysis BW; BMI; waist circumference; logarithmically transformed triglycerides (log-triglycerides), albumin, creatinine, and leptin (log-leptin) levels; URR; and Kt/V indicated that high serum level of log-leptin (R 2 change = 0.184; P < 0.001), increased prehemodialysis BW (R 2 change = 0.325; P=0.008), male sex (R 2 change = 0.048; P=0.001), young age (R 2 change = 0.044; P=0.012), and increased serum albumin level (R 2 change = 0.017; P=0.044) were significantly and independently associated with lumbar BMD. CONCLUSIONS Advanced age and female sex were associated with poor BMD, whereas increased BW, serum albumin, and leptin levels were positively associated with BMD in patients on hemodialysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Hsien Wang
- Division of Nephrology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsien Lai
- Division of Nephrology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Li Lin
- Division of Nephrology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Huang Kuo
- Division of Nephrology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Ru-Jiang Syu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Chiayi 62247, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chun Chen
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatric, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Bang-Gee Hsu
- Division of Nephrology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
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