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Zhang M, Ying W. UV-induced skin's green autofluorescence is a biomarker for both non-invasive evaluations of the dosages of UV exposures of the skin and non-invasive prediction of UV-induced skin damage. PHOTOCHEMICAL & PHOTOBIOLOGICAL SCIENCES : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN PHOTOCHEMISTRY ASSOCIATION AND THE EUROPEAN SOCIETY FOR PHOTOBIOLOGY 2023; 22:159-168. [PMID: 36136240 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-022-00306-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
It is crucial to discover biomarkers for non-invasive evaluations of the dosages of UV exposures to a person during post-UV exposure period, and for non-invasive prediction of UV-induced skin damage. Our current study has obtained findings: UVB exposures produced dose-dependent increases in skin's green autofluorescence (AF) intensity of mice, which were significantly associated with the UVB dosages. The UVC-induced green AF increases were dose dependent, which were highly associated with the UVC dosages. Moreover, both previous reports and our current study have collectively shown significant association between UVB/UVC dosages and UVB/UVC-induced skin damage. Collectively, our study has indicated that the UVB/UVC-induced skin's AF are first biomarkers for both non-invasive evaluations of the dosages of UV exposures to a person during post-UV exposure period and non-invasive and label-free prediction of UVB/UVC-induced skin damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingchao Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai, 200030, People's Republic of China.,Multiscale Research Institute of Complex Systems, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Weihai Ying
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai, 200030, People's Republic of China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Shanghai, 200043, People's Republic of China.
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Zhang M, Tao Y, Yu H, Wu D, Liao B, Qiu JG, Jiang BH, Ying W. Green autofluorescence of the index fingernails is a novel biomarker for noninvasive determinations on the status of tobacco smoking. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2022; 15:e202200195. [PMID: 36054640 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202200195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
It is critical to discover novel biomarkers for tobacco smoking. Our study has indicated the green autofluorescence (AF) of Index Fingernails as a novel biomarker for rapid and noninvasive determinations on the status of tobacco smoking: The green AF intensity of the Index Fingernails of the smokers was remarkably higher than that of the nonsmokers in the natural populations. When the AF intensity of the Fingernails was used as the variable, the area under curve (AUC) for differentiating the smokers from the nonsmokers was 0.91. Similar results were obtained by analyzing the green AF of the Index Fingernails of the healthy populations and the patients of acute ischemic stroke. Collectively, our study has indicated the green AF of the Index Fingernails as a novel biomarker for tobacco smoking, based on which the first method for noninvasive, rapid and economical determinations on the status of tobacco smoking may be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingchao Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Tao
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haibo Yu
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Danhong Wu
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Binhong Liao
- Zhiyuan College, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian-Ge Qiu
- Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Bing-Hua Jiang
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Weihai Ying
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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3
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Zhang M, Zhang J, Teng H, Zhang Q, Xiang Z, Chang Q, Tao Y, Chu T, Ying W. Decreased green autofluorescence of lung parenchyma is a biomarker for lung cancer tissues. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2022; 15:e202200072. [PMID: 35429151 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202200072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
It is highly valuable to discover novel biomarkers for differentiating noninvasively the cancerous tissues from the nonneoplastic tissues of lung cancer. In current study, we determined the green autofluorescence (AF) of the pulmonary parenchyma of lung cancer patients, indicating that decreased green AF of pulmonary parenchyma may be the biomarker of this type: First, the green AF intensity of the cancerous tissues was significantly lower than that of the nonneoplastic tissues of the lung cancer patients; second, the green AF intensity of the nonneoplastic tissues of the lung squamous cell carcinoma was significantly lower than that of the lung adenocarcinoma; and third, "decreased green AF intensity" could be used for differentiating the nonneoplastic tissues and the cancerous tissues. Collectively, our study has suggested that decreased green AF of lung parenchyma is a biomarker for differentiating the cancerous tissues from the nonneoplastic tissues of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingchao Zhang
- Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haohua Teng
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenzhen Xiang
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Chang
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Tao
- Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianqing Chu
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weihai Ying
- Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Brazile BL, Hua Y, Jan NJ, Wallace J, Gogola A, Sigal IA. Thin Lamina Cribrosa Beams Have Different Collagen Microstructure Than Thick Beams. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2019; 59:4653-4661. [PMID: 30372734 PMCID: PMC6149225 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.18-24763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To compare the collagen microstructural crimp characteristics between thin and thick lamina cribrosa (LC) beams. Methods Seven eyes from four sheep were fixed at 5 mm Hg IOP in 10% formalin. For each eye, one to three coronal cryosections through the LC were imaged with polarized light microscopy and analyzed to visualize the LC and determine collagen fiber microstructure. For every beam, we measured its width and three characteristics of the crimp of its collagen fibers: waviness, tortuosity, and amplitude. Linear mixed effects models were used to test whether crimp characteristics were associated with the LC beam width. Results For each eye and over all the eyes, LC beam width was positively associated with crimp waviness and tortuosity, and negatively associated with crimp amplitude (P's < 0.0001). Thin beams, average width 13.11 μm, had average (SD) waviness, tortuosity, and amplitude of 0.27 (0.17) radians, 1.017 (0.028) and 1.88 (1.41) μm, respectively. For thick beams, average width 26.10 μm, these characteristics were 0.33 (0.18) radians, 1.025 (0.037) and 1.58 (1.36) μm, respectively. Conclusions Our results suggest heterogeneity in LC beam mechanical properties. Thin beams were less wavy than their thicker counterparts, suggesting that thin beams may stiffen at lower IOP than thick beams. This difference may allow thin beams to support similar amounts of IOP-induced force as thicker beams, thus providing a similar level of structural support to the axons at physiologic IOP, despite the differences in width. Measurements of beam-level mechanical properties are needed to confirm these predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryn L Brazile
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Yi Hua
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Ning-Jiun Jan
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States.,Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Jacob Wallace
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Alexandra Gogola
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Ian A Sigal
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States.,Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States.,McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States.,The Louis J. Fox Center for Vision Restoration of UPMC and the University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
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Jan NJ, Gomez C, Moed S, Voorhees AP, Schuman JS, Bilonick RA, Sigal IA. Microstructural Crimp of the Lamina Cribrosa and Peripapillary Sclera Collagen Fibers. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2017; 58:3378-3388. [PMID: 28687851 PMCID: PMC5501496 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.17-21811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Although collagen microstructural crimp is a major determinant of ocular biomechanics, no direct measurements of optic nerve head (ONH) crimp have been reported. Our goal was to characterize the crimp period of the lamina cribrosa (LC) and peripapillary sclera (PPS) at low and normal IOPs. Methods ONHs from 11 sheep eyes were fixed at 10-, 5-, or 0-mm Hg IOP and crimp periods measured manually from coronal cryosections imaged with polarized light microscopy (PLM). Using linear mixed-effect models, we characterized the LC and PPS periods, and how they varied with distance from the scleral canal edge. Results A total of 17,374 manual collagen crimp period measurements were obtained with high repeatability (1.9 μm) and reproducibility (4.7 μm). The periods were smaller (P < 0.001) and less variable in the LC than in the PPS: average (SD) of 13.8 (3.1) μm in the LC, and 31.0 (10.4) μm in the PPS. LC crimp period did not vary with distance from the scleral canal wall (P > 0.1). PPS period increased with the square root of the distance to the canal (P < 0.0001). Conclusions Small, uniform crimp periods within the sheep LC and immediately adjacent PPS may indicate that these tissues are setup to prevent large or heterogeneous deformations that insult the neural tissues within the canal. An increasing more variable period with distance from the canal provides a smooth transition of mechanical properties that minimizes stress and strain concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning-Jiun Jan
- Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States 2Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States 3McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States 4The Louis J. Fox Center for Vision Restoration of UPMC and the University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Celeste Gomez
- Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Saundria Moed
- Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Andrew P Voorhees
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States 3McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States 4The Louis J. Fox Center for Vision Restoration of UPMC and the University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Joel S Schuman
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States 3McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States 4The Louis J. Fox Center for Vision Restoration of UPMC and the University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States 5NYU Langone Eye Center, New York University, New York, New York, United States
| | - Richard A Bilonick
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Ian A Sigal
- Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States 2Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States 3McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States 4The Louis J. Fox Center for Vision Restoration of UPMC and the University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
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6
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Thomas G, van Voskuilen J, Truong H, Gerritsen HC, Sterenborg HJCM. In vivo nonlinear optical imaging to monitor early microscopic changes in a murine cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma model. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2015; 8:668-680. [PMID: 25319484 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201400074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Revised: 08/24/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Early detection of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) can enable timely therapeutic and preventive interventions for patients. In this study, in vivo nonlinear optical imaging (NLOI) based on two-photon excitation fluorescence (TPEF) and second harmonic generation (SHG), was used to non-invasively detect microscopic changes occurring in murine skin treated topically with 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA). The optical microscopic findings and the measured TPEF-SHG index show that NLOI was able to clearly detect early cytostructural changes in DMBA treated skin that appeared clinically normal. This suggests that in vivo NLOI could be a non-invasive tool to monitor early signs of cSCC. In vivo axial NLOI scans of normal murine skin (upper left), murine skin with preclinical hyperplasia (upper right), early clinical murine skin lesion (lower left) and late or advanced murine skin lesion (lower right).
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Affiliation(s)
- Giju Thomas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Academic Medical Centre, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Centre for Optical Diagnostics and Therapy, Erasmus Medical Centre, Post Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Johan van Voskuilen
- Department of Molecular Biophysics, Utrecht University, 3508 TA, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hoa Truong
- Department of Molecular Biophysics, Utrecht University, 3508 TA, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hans C Gerritsen
- Department of Molecular Biophysics, Utrecht University, 3508 TA, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - H J C M Sterenborg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Academic Medical Centre, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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7
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Majdzadeh A, Lee AMD, Wang H, Lui H, McLean DI, Crawford RI, Zloty D, Zeng H. Real-time visualization of melanin granules in normal human skin using combined multiphoton and reflectance confocal microscopy. PHOTODERMATOLOGY PHOTOIMMUNOLOGY & PHOTOMEDICINE 2015; 31:141-8. [PMID: 25650100 DOI: 10.1111/phpp.12161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent advances in biomedical optics have enabled dermal and epidermal components to be visualized at subcellular resolution and assessed noninvasively. Multiphoton microscopy (MPM) and reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) are noninvasive imaging modalities that have demonstrated promising results in imaging skin micromorphology, and which provide complementary information regarding skin components. This study assesses whether combined MPM/RCM can visualize intracellular and extracellular melanin granules in the epidermis and dermis of normal human skin. METHODS We perform MPM and RCM imaging of in vivo and ex vivo skin in the infrared domain. The inherent three-dimensional optical sectioning capability of MPM/RCM is used to image high-contrast granular features across skin depths ranging from 50 to 90 μm. The optical images thus obtained were correlated with conventional histologic examination including melanin-specific staining of ex vivo specimens. RESULTS MPM revealed highly fluorescent granular structures below the dermal-epidermal junction (DEJ) region. Histochemical staining also demonstrated melanin-containing granules that correlate well in size and location with the granular fluorescent structures observed in MPM. Furthermore, the MPM fluorescence excitation wavelength and RCM reflectance of cell culture-derived melanin were equivalent to those of the granules. CONCLUSION This study suggests that MPM can noninvasively visualize and quantify subepidermal melanin in situ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Majdzadeh
- Imaging Unit, Integrative Oncology Department, British Columbia Cancer Agency Research Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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8
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Thomas G, van Voskuilen J, Truong H, Song JY, Gerritsen HC, Sterenborg HJCM. In vivo nonlinear spectral imaging as a tool to monitor early spectroscopic and metabolic changes in a murine cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma model. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2014; 5:4281-99. [PMID: 25574438 PMCID: PMC4285605 DOI: 10.1364/boe.5.004281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Revised: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Timely detection of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma with non-invasive modalities like nonlinear spectral imaging (NLSI) can ensure efficient preventive or therapeutic measures for patients. In this study, in vivo NLSI was used to study spectral characteristics in murine skin treated with 7, 12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene. The results show that NLSI could detect emission spectral changes during the early preclinical stages of skin carcinogenesis. Analyzing these emission spectra using simulated band-pass filters at 450-460 nm and 525-535 nm, gave parameters that were expressed as a ratio. This ratio was increased and thus suggestive of elevated metabolic activity in early stages of skin carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giju Thomas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Academic Medical Centre, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The
Netherlands
- Centre for Optical Diagnostics and Therapy, Erasmus Medical Centre, Post Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The
Netherlands
| | - Johan van Voskuilen
- Department of Molecular Biophysics, Utrecht University, 3508 TA, Utrecht, The
Netherlands
| | - Hoa Truong
- Department of Molecular Biophysics, Utrecht University, 3508 TA, Utrecht, The
Netherlands
| | - Ji-Ying Song
- Department of Experimental Animal Pathology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The
Netherlands
| | - Hans C. Gerritsen
- Department of Molecular Biophysics, Utrecht University, 3508 TA, Utrecht, The
Netherlands
| | - H. J. C. M. Sterenborg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Academic Medical Centre, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The
Netherlands
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Fereidouni F, Bader AN, Colonna A, Gerritsen HC. Phasor analysis of multiphoton spectral images distinguishes autofluorescence components of in vivo human skin. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2014; 7:589-96. [PMID: 23576407 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201200244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2012] [Revised: 02/27/2013] [Accepted: 03/16/2013] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Skin contains many autofluorescent components that can be studied using spectral imaging. We employed a spectral phasor method to analyse two photon excited autofluorescence and second harmonic generation images of in vivo human skin. This method allows segmentation of images based on spectral features. Various structures in the skin could be distinguished, including Stratum Corneum, epidermal cells and dermis. The spectral phasor analysis allowed investigation of their fluorescence composition and identification of signals from NADH, keratin, FAD, melanin, collagen and elastin. Interestingly, two populations of epidermal cells could be distinguished with different melanin content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzad Fereidouni
- Utrecht University, Department of Molecular Biophysics, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Meyer T, Schmitt M, Dietzek B, Popp J. Accumulating advantages, reducing limitations: multimodal nonlinear imaging in biomedical sciences - the synergy of multiple contrast mechanisms. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2013; 6:887-904. [PMID: 24259267 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201300176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Accepted: 11/06/2013] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Multimodal nonlinear microscopy has matured during the past decades to one of the key imaging modalities in life science and biomedicine due to its unique capabilities of label-free visualization of tissue structure and chemical composition, high depth penetration, intrinsic 3D sectioning, diffraction limited resolution and low phototoxicity. This review briefly summarizes first recent advances in the field regarding the methodology, e.g., contrast mechanisms and signal characteristics used for contrast generation as well as novel image processing approaches. The second part deals with technologic developments emphasizing improvements in penetration depth, imaging speed, spatial resolution and nonlinear labeling strategies. The third part focuses on recent applications in life science fundamental research and biomedical diagnostics as well as future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Meyer
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
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12
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Grzybowski A, Pietrzak K. Maria Goeppert-Mayer (1906–1972): Two-photon effect on dermatology. Clin Dermatol 2013; 31:221-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2012.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Cicchi R, Vogler N, Kapsokalyvas D, Dietzek B, Popp J, Pavone FS. From molecular structure to tissue architecture: collagen organization probed by SHG microscopy. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2013; 6:129-42. [PMID: 22791562 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201200092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2012] [Revised: 06/15/2012] [Accepted: 06/15/2012] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Second-harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy is a fantastic tool for imaging collagen and probing its hierarchical organization from molecular scale up to tissue architectural level. In fact, SHG combines the advantages of a non-linear microscopy approach with a coherent modality able to probe molecular organization. In this manuscript we review the physical concepts describing SHG from collagen, highlighting how this optical process allows to probe structures ranging from molecular sizes to tissue architecture, through image pattern analysis and scoring methods. Starting from the description of the most relevant approaches employing SHG polarization anisotropy and forward - backward SHG detection, we then focus on the most relevant methods for imaging and characterizing collagen organization in tissues through image pattern analysis methods, highlighting advantages and limitations of the methods applied to tissue imaging and to potential clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Cicchi
- European Laboratory for Non-linear Spectroscopy LENS, Via Nello Carrara 1, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
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14
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Chen WL, Hu PS, Ghazaryan A, Chen SJ, Tsai TH, Dong CY. Quantitative analysis of multiphoton excitation autofluorescence and second harmonic generation imaging for medical diagnosis. Comput Med Imaging Graph 2012; 36:519-26. [PMID: 22824186 DOI: 10.1016/j.compmedimag.2012.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2012] [Revised: 06/05/2012] [Accepted: 06/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, two-photon excitation fluorescence and second harmonic generation microscopy has become an important tool in biomedical research. The ability of two-photon microscopy to achieve optical sectioning with minimal invasiveness is particularly advantageous for biomedical diagnosis. Advances in the miniaturization of the imaging system have increased its clinical potential, together with the development of quantitative technique for the analysis of data acquired using these imaging modalities. We present a review of the quantitative analysis techniques that have been used successfully with two-photon excitation fluorescence and SHG imaging. Specifically, quantification techniques using ratiometric, morphological, and structural differences to analyze two-photon images will be discussed, and their effectiveness at evaluating dermal and corneal pathologies and cancerous tumor growth will be described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Liang Chen
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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15
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Fereidouni F, Bader AN, Gerritsen HC. Spectral phasor analysis allows rapid and reliable unmixing of fluorescence microscopy spectral images. OPTICS EXPRESS 2012; 20:12729-41. [PMID: 22714302 DOI: 10.1364/oe.20.012729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
A new global analysis algorithm to analyse (hyper-) spectral images is presented. It is based on the phasor representation that has been demonstrated to be very powerful for the analysis of lifetime imaging data. In spectral phasor analysis the fluorescence spectrum of each pixel in the image is Fourier transformed. Next, the real and imaginary components of the first harmonic of the transform are employed as X and Y coordinates in a scatter (spectral phasor) plot. Importantly, the spectral phasor representation allows for rapid (real time) semi-blind spectral unmixing of up to three components in the image. This is demonstrated on slides with fixed cells containing three fluorescent labels. In addition the method is used to analyse autofluorescence of cells in a fresh grass blade. It is shown that the spectral phasor approach is compatible with spectral imaging data recorded with a low number of spectral channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzad Fereidouni
- Department of Molecular Biophysics, Debye Institute, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Multiphoton microscopy. a powerful tool in skin research and topical drug delivery science. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s1773-2247(12)50036-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Dittmar R, Potier E, van Zandvoort M, Ito K. Assessment of cell viability in three-dimensional scaffolds using cellular auto-fluorescence. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2011; 18:198-204. [PMID: 21981657 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2011.0334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
After assessing cell viability (CV), tissue-engineered constructs are often discarded, as current CV assays commonly require specific (fluorescent) dyes to stain cells and may need scaffold/tissue digestion before quantifying the live and dead cells. Here, we demonstrate and evaluate how cellular auto-fluorescence can be exploited to facilitate a noninvasive CV estimation in three-dimensional scaffolds using two advanced microscopy methods. Mixtures of live and dead C2C12 myoblasts (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% live cells) were prepared, and CV was determined before seeding cells into collagen carriers using the trypan blue (TB) assay. Cell-seeded collagen gels ([CSCGs], n=5/cell mixture) were produced by mixing collagen solution with the live/dead cell mixtures (7×10(6) cells/mL). After polymerization, two-photon microscopy (TPM) and confocal microscopy images of the CSCG were acquired (n=30 images/CSCG). It was found that live and dead cells systematically emit auto-fluorescent light with different spectral characteristics. Viable cells showed predominantly blue fluorescence with a peak emission around 470 nm, whereas dead cells appeared to mainly emit green fluorescent light with a peak intensity around 560 nm. For TPM, live and dead cells were distinguished spectrally. For confocal images, the intensity ratio of images taken with band-pass filters was used to distinguish live from dead cells. CV values obtained with both TPM and confocal imaging did not significantly differ from those acquired with the established TB method. In comparison to TPM, confocal microscopy was found to be less accurate in assessing the exact CV in constructs containing mostly live or dead cells. In summary, monitoring cellular auto-fluorescence using advanced microscopy techniques allows CV assessment requiring no additional dyes and/or scaffold digestion and, thus, may be especially suitable for tissue-engineering studies where CV is measured at multiple time points.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Dittmar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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Lee AMD, Wang H, Yu Y, Tang S, Zhao J, Lui H, McLean DI, Zeng H. In vivo video rate multiphoton microscopy imaging of human skin. OPTICS LETTERS 2011; 36:2865-7. [PMID: 21808340 DOI: 10.1364/ol.36.002865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
We present a multiphoton microscopy instrument specially designed for in vivo dermatological use that is capable of imaging human skin at 27 frames per second with 256 pixels × 256 pixels resolution without the use of exogenous contrast agents. Imaging at fast frame rates is critical to reducing image blurring due to patient motion and to providing practically short clinical measurement times. Second harmonic generation and two-photon fluorescence images and videos acquired at optimized wavelengths are presented showing cellular and tissue structures from the skin surface down to the reticular dermis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony M D Lee
- Integrative Oncology Department-Imaging Unit, British Columbia Cancer Agency Research Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1L3, Canada
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Palero JA, Bader AN, de Bruijn HS, der Ploeg van den Heuvel AV, Sterenborg HJCM, Gerritsen HC. In vivo monitoring of protein-bound and free NADH during ischemia by nonlinear spectral imaging microscopy. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2011; 2:1030-9. [PMID: 21559117 PMCID: PMC3087562 DOI: 10.1364/boe.2.001030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2011] [Revised: 03/19/2011] [Accepted: 03/29/2011] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Nonlinear spectral imaging microscopy (NSIM) allows simultaneous morphological and spectroscopic investigation of intercellular events within living animals. In this study we used NSIM for in vivo time-lapse in-depth spectral imaging and monitoring of protein-bound and free reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) in mouse keratinocytes following total acute ischemia for 3.3 h at ~3 min time intervals. The high spectral resolution of NSIM images allows discrimination between the two-photon excited fluorescence emission of protein-bound and free NAD(P)H by applying linear spectral unmixing to the spectral image data. Results reveal the difference in the dynamic response between protein-bound and free NAD(P)H to ischemia-induced hypoxia/anoxia. Our results demonstrate the capability of nonlinear spectral imaging microscopy in unraveling dynamic cellular metabolic events within living animals for long periods of time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan A. Palero
- Molecular BioPhysics, Utrecht University, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Currently with ICFO-Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, Mediterranean Technology Park, 08860 Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Arjen N. Bader
- Molecular BioPhysics, Utrecht University, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Henriëtte S. de Bruijn
- Department of Radiation Oncology,Center of Optical Diagnostics and Therapy, Erasmus Medical Center,3008 AE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Henricus J. C. M. Sterenborg
- Department of Radiation Oncology,Center of Optical Diagnostics and Therapy, Erasmus Medical Center,3008 AE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hans C. Gerritsen
- Molecular BioPhysics, Utrecht University, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands
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