1
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Therapeutic applications of mitochondrial transplantation. Biochimie 2022; 195:1-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2022.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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2
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Mohan L, Kar S, Nagai M, Santra TS. Electrochemical fabrication of TiO 2 micro-flowers for an efficient intracellular delivery using nanosecond light pulse. MATERIALS CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS 2021; 267:124604. [PMID: 34285425 PMCID: PMC7611311 DOI: 10.1016/j.matchemphys.2021.124604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Introduction of foreign cargo into the targeted living cell with high transfection efficiency and high cell viability is an important mean for many biological and biomedical research purpose. Here, we have demonstrated a newly developed Titanium oxide micro-flower structure (TMS) for intracellular delivery. The TMS were formed on titanium (Ti) substrate using an electrochemical anodization process. The TMS consists of branches of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanotubes, which play an important role in efficient cargo delivery. Due to nanosecond pulse laser exposure, Ti substrate heat-up, generating cavitation bubbles. These bubbles can rapidly grow, coalesce, and collapse to induce explosion resulting in very strong fluid flow through the TiO2 nanotubes and disrupt the cell plasma membrane promoting the delivery of biomolecules into cells. Using this platform, we successfully deliver dyes with 93% efficiency and nearly 98% cell viability into HCT cells, and this technique is potentially applicable for cellular therapy and diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Mohan
- Department of Engineering Design, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, India
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology, Japan
| | - Srabani Kar
- Department of Engineering Design, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, India
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Moeto Nagai
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology, Japan
| | - Tuhin Subhra Santra
- Department of Engineering Design, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, India
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3
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Kaladharan K, Kumar A, Gupta P, Illath K, Santra TS, Tseng FG. Microfluidic Based Physical Approaches towards Single-Cell Intracellular Delivery and Analysis. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:631. [PMID: 34071732 PMCID: PMC8228766 DOI: 10.3390/mi12060631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The ability to deliver foreign molecules into a single living cell with high transfection efficiency and high cell viability is of great interest in cell biology for applications in therapeutic development, diagnostics, and drug delivery towards personalized medicine. Various physical delivery methods have long demonstrated the ability to deliver cargo molecules directly to the cytoplasm or nucleus and the mechanisms underlying most of the approaches have been extensively investigated. However, most of these techniques are bulk approaches that are cell-specific and have low throughput delivery. In comparison to bulk measurements, single-cell measurement technologies can provide a better understanding of the interactions among molecules, organelles, cells, and the microenvironment, which can aid in the development of therapeutics and diagnostic tools. To elucidate distinct responses during cell genetic modification, methods to achieve transfection at the single-cell level are of great interest. In recent years, single-cell technologies have become increasingly robust and accessible, although limitations exist. This review article aims to cover various microfluidic-based physical methods for single-cell intracellular delivery such as electroporation, mechanoporation, microinjection, sonoporation, optoporation, magnetoporation, and thermoporation and their analysis. The mechanisms of various physical methods, their applications, limitations, and prospects are also elaborated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Kaladharan
- Department of Engineering and System Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300044, Taiwan; (K.K.); (A.K.)
| | - Ashish Kumar
- Department of Engineering and System Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300044, Taiwan; (K.K.); (A.K.)
| | - Pallavi Gupta
- Department of Engineering Design, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India; (P.G.); (K.I.)
| | - Kavitha Illath
- Department of Engineering Design, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India; (P.G.); (K.I.)
| | - Tuhin Subhra Santra
- Department of Engineering Design, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India; (P.G.); (K.I.)
| | - Fan-Gang Tseng
- Department of Engineering and System Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300044, Taiwan; (K.K.); (A.K.)
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4
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Santra TS, Kar S, Chang HY, Tseng FG. Nano-localized single-cell nano-electroporation. LAB ON A CHIP 2020; 20:4194-4204. [PMID: 33047768 DOI: 10.1039/d0lc00712a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The ability to deliver foreign cargos into single living cells is of great interest in cell biology and therapeutic research. Here, we have reported a single or multiple position based nano-localized single-cell nano-electroporation platform. The device consists of an array of triangular shape ITO nano-electrodes with a 70 nm gap between two nano-electrodes, each having a 40 nm tip diameter. The voltage is applied between nano-electrodes to generate an intense electric field, which electroporates multiple nano-localized regions of the targeted single-cell membrane, and biomolecules are gently delivered into cells by pressurizing pump flow, without affecting cell viability. The platform successfully delivers dyes, QDs, and plasmids into different cell types with the variation of field strength, pulse duration, and the number of pulses. This new approach allows us to analyze delivery of different biomolecules into single living cells with high transfection efficiency (>96%, for CL1-0 cells) and high cell viability (∼98%), which are potentially beneficial for cellular therapy and diagnostic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuhin Subhra Santra
- Department of Engineering Design, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 60036, India.
| | - Srabani Kar
- Department of Engineering Design, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 60036, India. and Electrical Engineering, University of Cambridge, CB3 0FA, UK
| | - Hwan-You Chang
- Department of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30012, Taiwan and Department of Medical Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30012, Taiwan
| | - Fan-Gang Tseng
- Department of Engineering and System Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30012, Taiwan and Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan and Frontier Research Center of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30012, Taiwan
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5
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Blázquez-Castro A, Fernández-Piqueras J, Santos J. Genetic Material Manipulation and Modification by Optical Trapping and Nanosurgery-A Perspective. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:580937. [PMID: 33072730 PMCID: PMC7530750 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.580937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Light can be employed as a tool to alter and manipulate matter in many ways. An example has been the implementation of optical trapping, the so called optical tweezers, in which light can hold and move small objects with 3D control. Of interest for the Life Sciences and Biotechnology is the fact that biological objects in the size range from tens of nanometers to hundreds of microns can be precisely manipulated through this technology. In particular, it has been shown possible to optically trap and move genetic material (DNA and chromatin) using optical tweezers. Also, these biological entities can be severed, rearranged and reconstructed by the combined use of laser scissors and optical tweezers. In this review, the background, current state and future possibilities of optical tweezers and laser scissors to manipulate, rearrange and alter genetic material (DNA, chromatin and chromosomes) will be presented. Sources of undesirable effects by the optical procedure and measures to avoid them will be discussed. In addition, first tentative approaches at cellular-level genetic and organelle surgery, in which genetic material or DNA-carrying organelles are extracted out or introduced into cells, will be presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Blázquez-Castro
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Genome Dynamics and Function Program, Genome Decoding Unit, Severo Ochoa Molecular Biology Center (CBMSO), CSIC-Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Fernández-Piqueras
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Genome Dynamics and Function Program, Genome Decoding Unit, Severo Ochoa Molecular Biology Center (CBMSO), CSIC-Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Institute of Health Research Jiménez Diaz Foundation, Madrid, Spain.,Consortium for Biomedical Research in Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Santos
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Genome Dynamics and Function Program, Genome Decoding Unit, Severo Ochoa Molecular Biology Center (CBMSO), CSIC-Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Institute of Health Research Jiménez Diaz Foundation, Madrid, Spain.,Consortium for Biomedical Research in Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
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6
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Shinde P, Kar S, Loganathan M, Chang HY, Tseng FG, Nagai M, Santra TS. Infrared Pulse Laser-Activated Highly Efficient Intracellular Delivery Using Titanium Microdish Device. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:5645-5652. [PMID: 33320577 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c00785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We report infrared (IR) pulse laser-activated highly efficient parallel intracellular delivery by using an array of titanium microdish (TMD) device. Upon IR laser pulse irradiation, a two-dimensional array of TMD device generated photothermal cavitation bubbles to disrupt the cell membrane surface and create transient membrane pores to deliver biomolecules into cells by a simple diffusion process. We successfully delivered the dyes and different sizes of dextran in different cell types with variations of laser pulses. Our platform has the ability to transfect more than a million cells in a parallel fashion within a minute. The best results were achieved for SiHa cells with a delivery efficiency of 96% and a cell viability of around 98% for propidium iodide dye using 600 pulses, whereas a delivery efficiency of 98% and a cell viability of 100% were obtained for dextran 3000 MW delivery using 700 pulses. For dextran 10,000 MW, the delivery efficiency was 92% and the cell viability was 98%, respectively. The device is compact, easy-to-use, and potentially applicable for cellular therapy and diagnostic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi Shinde
- Department of Engineering Design, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Srabani Kar
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FA U.K
| | - Mohan Loganathan
- Department of Engineering Design, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology, Toyohashi 441-8580, Japan
| | - Hwan-You Chang
- Department of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Fan-Gang Tseng
- Department of Engineering and System Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Moeto Nagai
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology, Toyohashi 441-8580, Japan
| | - Tuhin Subhra Santra
- Department of Engineering Design, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
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7
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Huang HJ, Chiang YC, Hsu CH, Chen JJ, Shiao MH, Yeh CC, Huang SL, Lin YS. Light Energy Conversion Surface with Gold Dendritic Nanoforests/Si Chip for Plasmonic Polymerase Chain Reaction. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20051293. [PMID: 32120942 PMCID: PMC7085671 DOI: 10.3390/s20051293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Surfaces with gold dendritic nanoforests (Au DNFs) on Si chips demonstrate broadband-light absorption. This study is the first to utilize localized surface plasmons of Au DNFs/Si chips for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) applications. A convenient halogen lamp was used as the heating source to illuminate the Au DNFs/Si chip for PCR. A detection target of Salmonella spp. DNA fragments was reproduced in this plasmonic PCR chip system. By semi-quantitation in gel electrophoresis analysis, the plasmonic PCR with 30 cycles and a largely reduced processing time provided results comparable with those of a commercial PCR thermal cycler with 40 cycles in more than 1 h. In the presence of an Au DNFs/Si chip, the plasmonic PCR provides superior results in a short processing time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung Ji Huang
- Taiwan Instrument Research Institute, National Applied Research Laboratories, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan; (H.J.H.); (M.-H.S.)
| | - Yu-Cheng Chiang
- Department of Food Nutrition and Health Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan;
| | - Chia-Hsien Hsu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan;
| | - Jyh-Jian Chen
- Department of Biomechatronics Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan;
| | - Ming-Hua Shiao
- Taiwan Instrument Research Institute, National Applied Research Laboratories, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan; (H.J.H.); (M.-H.S.)
| | - Chih-Chieh Yeh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National United University, Miaoli 36063, Taiwan; (C.-C.Y.); (S.-L.H.)
| | - Shu-Ling Huang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National United University, Miaoli 36063, Taiwan; (C.-C.Y.); (S.-L.H.)
| | - Yung-Sheng Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National United University, Miaoli 36063, Taiwan; (C.-C.Y.); (S.-L.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-37-382199
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8
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Rotenberg MY, Elbaz B, Nair V, Schaumann EN, Yamamoto N, Sarma N, Matino L, Santoro F, Tian B. Silicon Nanowires for Intracellular Optical Interrogation with Subcellular Resolution. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:1226-1232. [PMID: 31904975 PMCID: PMC7513588 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b04624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Current techniques for intracellular electrical interrogation are limited by substrate-bound devices, technically demanding methods, or insufficient spatial resolution. In this work, we use freestanding silicon nanowires to achieve photoelectric stimulation in myofibroblasts with subcellular resolution. We demonstrate that myofibroblasts spontaneously internalize silicon nanowires and subsequently remain viable and capable of mitosis. We then show that stimulation of silicon nanowires at separate intracellular locations results in local calcium fluxes in subcellular regions. Moreover, nanowire-myofibroblast hybrids electrically couple with cardiomyocytes in coculture, and photostimulation of the nanowires increases the spontaneous activation rate in coupled cardiomyocytes. Finally, we demonstrate that this methodology can be extended to the interrogation of signaling in neuron-glia interactions using nanowire-containing oligodendrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Laura Matino
- Tissue Electronics, Center for Advanced Biomaterials for Healthcare , Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , 80125 Naples , Italy
- Department of Chemical Materials and Industrial Production Engineering , University of Naples Federico II , 80125 Naples , Italy
| | - Francesca Santoro
- Tissue Electronics, Center for Advanced Biomaterials for Healthcare , Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , 80125 Naples , Italy
- Department of Chemical Materials and Industrial Production Engineering , University of Naples Federico II , 80125 Naples , Italy
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9
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Abstract
Plasmonic photocatalytic reactions have been substantially developed. However, the mechanism underlying the enhancement of such reactions is confusing in relevant studies. The plasmonic enhancements of photocatalytic reactions are hard to identify by processing chemically or physically. This review discusses the noteworthy experimental setups or designs for reactors that process various energy transformation paths for enhancing plasmonic photocatalytic reactions. Specially designed experimental setups can help characterize near-field optical responses in inducing plasmons and transformation of light energy. Electrochemical measurements, dark-field imaging, spectral measurements, and matched coupling of wavevectors lead to further understanding of the mechanism underlying plasmonic enhancement. The discussions herein can provide valuable ideas for advanced future studies.
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10
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Abstract
Nanostructured devices are able to foster the technology for cell membrane poration. With the size smaller than a cell, nanostructures allow efficient poration on the cell membrane. Emerging nanostructures with various physical transduction have been demonstrated to accommodate effective intracellular delivery. Aside from improving poration and intracellular delivery performance, nanostructured devices also allow for the discovery of novel physiochemical phenomena and the biological response of the cell. This article provides a brief introduction to the principles of nanostructured devices for cell poration and outlines the intracellular delivery capability of the technology. In the future, we envision more exploration on new nanostructure designs and creative applications in biomedical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apresio K Fajrial
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309 United States of America
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11
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Doppenberg A, Meunier M, Boutopoulos C. A needle-like optofluidic probe enables targeted intracellular delivery by confining light-nanoparticle interaction on single cell. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:21871-21878. [PMID: 30457139 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr03895c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Intracellular delivery of molecular cargo is the basis for a plethora of therapeutic applications, including gene therapy and cancer treatment. A very efficient method to perform intracellular delivery is the photo-activation of nanomaterials that have been previously directed to the cell vicinity and bear releasable molecular cargo. However, potential in vivo applications of this method are limited by our ability to deliver nanomaterials and light in tissue. Here, we demonstrate intracelullar delivery using a needle-like optofluidic probe capable of penetrating soft tissue. Firstly, we used the optofluidic probe to confine an intracellular delivery mixture, composed of 100 nm gold nanoparticles (AuNP) and membrane-impermeable calcein, in the vicinity of cancer cells. Secondly, we delivered nanosecond (ns) laser pulses (wavelength: 532 nm; duration: 5 ns) using the same probe and without introducing a AuNP cells incubation step. The AuNP photo-activation caused localized and reversible disruption of the cell membrane, enabling calcein delivery into the cytoplasm. We measured 67% intracellular delivery efficacy and showed that the optofluidic probe can be used to treat cells with single-cell precision. Finally, we demonstrated targeted delivery in tissue (mouse retinal explant) ex vivo. We expect that this method can enable nanomaterial-assisted intracellular delivery applications in soft tissue (e.g. brain, retina) of small animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Doppenberg
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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12
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Shinde P, Mohan L, Kumar A, Dey K, Maddi A, Patananan AN, Tseng FG, Chang HY, Nagai M, Santra TS. Current Trends of Microfluidic Single-Cell Technologies. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E3143. [PMID: 30322072 PMCID: PMC6213733 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19103143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The investigation of human disease mechanisms is difficult due to the heterogeneity in gene expression and the physiological state of cells in a given population. In comparison to bulk cell measurements, single-cell measurement technologies can provide a better understanding of the interactions among molecules, organelles, cells, and the microenvironment, which can aid in the development of therapeutics and diagnostic tools. In recent years, single-cell technologies have become increasingly robust and accessible, although limitations exist. In this review, we describe the recent advances in single-cell technologies and their applications in single-cell manipulation, diagnosis, and therapeutics development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi Shinde
- Department of Engineering Design, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Tamil Nadu 600036, India.
| | - Loganathan Mohan
- Department of Engineering Design, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Tamil Nadu 600036, India.
| | - Amogh Kumar
- Department of Engineering Design, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Tamil Nadu 600036, India.
| | - Koyel Dey
- Department of Engineering Design, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Tamil Nadu 600036, India.
| | - Anjali Maddi
- Department of Engineering Design, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Tamil Nadu 600036, India.
| | - Alexander N Patananan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Fan-Gang Tseng
- Department of Engineering and System Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu City 30071, Taiwan.
| | - Hwan-You Chang
- Department of Medical Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu City 30071, Taiwan.
| | - Moeto Nagai
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology, Toyohashi 441-8580, Japan.
| | - Tuhin Subhra Santra
- Department of Engineering Design, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Tamil Nadu 600036, India.
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13
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Atkins RM, Fawcett TJ, Gilbert R, Hoff AM, Connolly R, Brown DW, Llewellyn AJ, Jaroszeski MJ. Impedance spectroscopy as an indicator for successful in vivo electric field mediated gene delivery in a murine model. Bioelectrochemistry 2017; 115:33-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2017.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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14
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Inner Workings: Light-controlled cellular surgery. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:9663-4. [PMID: 27578863 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1611842113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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15
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Abstract
Human mitochondria produce ATP and metabolites to support development and maintain cellular homeostasis. Mitochondria harbor multiple copies of a maternally inherited, non-nuclear genome (mtDNA) that encodes for 13 subunit proteins of the respiratory chain. Mutations in mtDNA occur mainly in the 24 non-coding genes, with specific mutations implicated in early death, neuromuscular and neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, and diabetes. A significant barrier to new insights in mitochondrial biology and clinical applications for mtDNA disorders is our general inability to manipulate the mtDNA sequence. Microinjection, cytoplasmic fusion, nucleic acid import strategies, targeted endonucleases, and newer approaches, which include the transfer of genomic DNA, somatic cell reprogramming, and a photothermal nanoblade, attempt to change the mtDNA sequence in target cells with varying efficiencies and limitations. Here, we discuss the current state of manipulating mammalian mtDNA and provide an outlook for mitochondrial reverse genetics, which could further enable mitochondrial research and therapies for mtDNA diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander N Patananan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | | | - Pei-Yu Chiou
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Michael A Teitell
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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16
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Wu TH, Sagullo E, Case D, Zheng X, Li Y, Hong JS, TeSlaa T, Patananan AN, McCaffery JM, Niazi K, Braas D, Koehler CM, Graeber TG, Chiou PY, Teitell MA. Mitochondrial Transfer by Photothermal Nanoblade Restores Metabolite Profile in Mammalian Cells. Cell Metab 2016; 23:921-9. [PMID: 27166949 PMCID: PMC5062745 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2016.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Revised: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
mtDNA sequence alterations are challenging to generate but desirable for basic studies and potential correction of mtDNA diseases. Here, we report a new method for transferring isolated mitochondria into somatic mammalian cells using a photothermal nanoblade, which bypasses endocytosis and cell fusion. The nanoblade rescued the pyrimidine auxotroph phenotype and respiration of ρ0 cells that lack mtDNA. Three stable isogenic nanoblade-rescued clones grown in uridine-free medium showed distinct bioenergetics profiles. Rescue lines 1 and 3 reestablished nucleus-encoded anapleurotic and catapleurotic enzyme gene expression patterns and had metabolite profiles similar to the parent cells from which the ρ0 recipient cells were derived. By contrast, rescue line 2 retained a ρ0 cell metabolic phenotype despite growth in uridine-free selection. The known influence of metabolite levels on cellular processes, including epigenome modifications and gene expression, suggests metabolite profiling can help assess the quality and function of mtDNA-modified cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Hsiang Wu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Enrico Sagullo
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Dana Case
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Xin Zheng
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Yanjing Li
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jason S Hong
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Tara TeSlaa
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Alexander N Patananan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - J Michael McCaffery
- Integrated Imaging Center, Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Kayvan Niazi
- NantWorks, LLC, Culver City, CA 90232, USA; California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Daniel Braas
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; UCLA Metabolomics Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Carla M Koehler
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Thomas G Graeber
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; UCLA Metabolomics Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Pei-Yu Chiou
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Michael A Teitell
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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17
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Wu TH, Wu YC, Sagullo E, Teitell MA, Chiou PY. Direct Nuclear Delivery of DNA by Photothermal Nanoblade. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 20:659-62. [PMID: 25900925 DOI: 10.1177/2211068215583630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrate direct nuclear delivery of DNA into live mammalian cells using the photothermal nanoblade. Pulsed laser-triggered cavitation bubbles on a titanium-coated micropipette tip punctured both cellular plasma and nuclear membranes, which was followed by pressure-controlled delivery of DNA into the nucleus. High-level and efficient plasmid expression in different cell types with maintained cell viability was achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Hsiang Wu
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yi-Chien Wu
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Enrico Sagullo
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Michael A Teitell
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Pei-Yu Chiou
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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18
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Riahi R, Wang S, Long M, Li N, Chiou PY, Zhang DD, Wong PK. Mapping photothermally induced gene expression in living cells and tissues by nanorod-locked nucleic acid complexes. ACS NANO 2014; 8:3597-605. [PMID: 24645754 PMCID: PMC4004321 DOI: 10.1021/nn500107g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/15/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The photothermal effect of plasmonic nanostructures has numerous applications, such as cancer therapy, photonic gene circuit, large cargo delivery, and nanostructure-enhanced laser tweezers. The photothermal operation can also induce unwanted physical and biochemical effects, which potentially alter the cell behaviors. However, there is a lack of techniques for characterizing the dynamic cell responses near the site of photothermal operation with high spatiotemporal resolution. In this work, we show that the incorporation of locked nucleic acid probes with gold nanorods allows photothermal manipulation and real-time monitoring of gene expression near the area of irradiation in living cells and animal tissues. The multimodal gold nanorod serves as an endocytic delivery reagent to transport the probes into the cells, a fluorescence quencher and a binding competitor to detect intracellular mRNA, and a plasmonic photothermal transducer to induce cell ablation. We demonstrate the ability of the gold nanorod-locked nucleic acid complex for detecting the spatiotemporal gene expression in viable cells and tissues and inducing photothermal ablation of single cells. Using the gold nanorod-locked nucleic acid complex, we systematically characterize the dynamic cellular heat shock responses near the site of photothermal operation. The gold nanorod-locked nucleic acid complex enables mapping of intracellular gene expressions and analyzes the photothermal effects of nanostructures toward various biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Riahi
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Shue Wang
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Min Long
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85724, United States
- Department of Endocrinology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, People’s Republic of China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida 33146, Unites States
| | - Pei-Yu Chiou
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Donna D. Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85724, United States
| | - Pak Kin Wong
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
- Address correspondence to
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19
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Chen Y, Wu TH, Kung YC, Teitell MA, Chiou PY. 3D pulsed laser-triggered high-speed microfluidic fluorescence-activated cell sorter. Analyst 2013; 138:7308-15. [PMID: 23844418 PMCID: PMC4210433 DOI: 10.1039/c3an01266b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
We report a 3D microfluidic pulsed laser-triggered fluorescence-activated cell sorter capable of sorting at a throughput of 23 000 cells per s with 90% purity in high-purity mode and at a throughput of 45 000 cells per s with 45% purity in enrichment mode in one stage and in a single channel. This performance is realized by exciting laser-induced cavitation bubbles in a 3D PDMS microfluidic channel to generate high-speed liquid jets that deflect detected fluorescent cells and particles focused by 3D sheath flows. The ultrafast switching mechanism (20 μs complete on-off cycle), small liquid jet perturbation volume, and three-dimensional sheath flow focusing for accurate timing control of fast (1.5 m s(-1)) passing cells and particles are three critical factors enabling high-purity sorting at high-throughput in this sorter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Chen
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA), 43-147 Eng. IV, 420 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1597, USA
| | - Ting-Hsiang Wu
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA), 43-147 Eng. IV, 420 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1597, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Broad Stem Cell Research Center, Molecular Biology Institute, and California NanoSystems Institute,University of California at LosAngeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1732, USA
| | - Yu-Chun Kung
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA), 43-147 Eng. IV, 420 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1597, USA
| | - Michael A. Teitell
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Broad Stem Cell Research Center, Molecular Biology Institute, and California NanoSystems Institute,University of California at LosAngeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1732, USA
- Departments of Bioengineering and Pediatrics, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Broad Stem Cell Research Center, Molecular Biology Institute, and California NanoSystems Institute,University of California at LosAngeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1732, USA
| | - Pei-Yu Chiou
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA), 43-147 Eng. IV, 420 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1597, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
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20
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Riahi R, Dean Z, Wu TH, Teitell MA, Chiou PY, Zhang DD, Wong PK. Detection of mRNA in living cells by double-stranded locked nucleic acid probes. Analyst 2013; 138:4777-85. [PMID: 23772441 PMCID: PMC3736730 DOI: 10.1039/c3an00722g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Double-stranded probes are homogeneous biosensors for rapid detection of specific nucleotide sequences. These double-stranded probes have been applied in various molecular sensing applications, such as real-time polymerase chain reaction and detection of bacterial 16S rRNA. In this study, we present the design and optimization of double-stranded probes for single-cell gene expression analysis in living cells. With alternating DNA/LNA monomers for optimizing the stability and specificity, we show that the probe is stable in living cells for over 72 hours post-transfection and is capable of detecting changes in gene expression induced by external stimuli. The probes can be delivered to a large number of cells simultaneously by cationic liposomal transfection or to individual cells selectively by photothermal delivery. We also demonstrate that the probe quantifies intracellular mRNA in living cells through the use of an equilibrium analysis. With its effectiveness and performance, the double-stranded probe represents a broadly applicable approach for large-scale single-cell gene expression analysis toward numerous biomedical applications, such as systems biology, cancer, and drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Riahi
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721-0119, USA
| | - Zachary Dean
- Biomedical Engineering Interdisciplinary Program, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721-0119, USA
| | - Ting-Hsiang Wu
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1597, USA
| | - Michael A. Teitell
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095
| | - Pei-Yu Chiou
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1597, USA
| | - Donna D. Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721-0119, USA
- BIO5 Institute, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721-0119, USA
| | - Pak Kin Wong
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721-0119, USA
- BIO5 Institute, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721-0119, USA
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21
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Arita Y, Ploschner M, Antkowiak M, Gunn-Moore F, Dholakia K. Laser-induced breakdown of an optically trapped gold nanoparticle for single cell transfection. OPTICS LETTERS 2013; 38:3402-5. [PMID: 23988969 DOI: 10.1364/ol.38.003402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The cell selective introduction of therapeutic agents remains a challenging problem. Here we demonstrate spatially controlled cavitation instigated by laser-induced breakdown of an optically trapped single gold nanoparticle of diameter 100 nm. The energy breakdown threshold of the gold nanoparticle with a single nanosecond laser pulse at 532 nm is three orders of magnitude lower than water, which leads to nanocavitation allowing single cell transfection. We quantify the shear stress to cells from the expanding bubble and optimize the pressure to be in the range of 1-10 kPa for transfection. The method shows transfection of plasmid DNA into individual mammalian cells with an efficiency of 75%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiko Arita
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, UK. ya10@st‑andrews.ac.uk
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22
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Xu J, Chang J, Yan Q, Dertinger T, Bruchez M, Weiss S. Labeling Cytosolic Targets in Live Cells with Blinking Probes. J Phys Chem Lett 2013; 4:2138-2146. [PMID: 23930154 PMCID: PMC3733402 DOI: 10.1021/jz400682m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
With the advent of superresolution imaging methods, fast dynamic imaging of biological processes in live cells remains a challenge. A subset of these methods requires the cellular targets to be labeled with spontaneously blinking probes. The delivery and specific targeting of cytosolic targets and the control of the probes' blinking properties are reviewed for three types of blinking probes: quantum dots, synthetic dyes, and fluorescent proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianmin Xu
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles CA 90095
| | - Jason Chang
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles CA 90095
| | - Qi Yan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh PA 15213
| | | | - Marcel Bruchez
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh PA 15213
- Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh PA 15213
| | - Shimon Weiss
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles CA 90095
- Department of Physiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles CA 90095
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles CA 90095
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles CA 90095
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23
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Yamane D, Wu YC, Wu TH, Toshiyoshi H, Teitell MA, Chiou PY. Electrical impedance monitoring of photothermal porated mammalian cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 19:50-9. [PMID: 23797097 DOI: 10.1177/2211068213494390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
To transfer large cargo into mammalian cells, we recently provided a new approach called a photothermal nanoblade. Micron-sized membrane pores generated by the nanoblade are surprisingly well repaired with little cell death, suggesting rapid membrane-resealing dynamics. Here, we report the resealing time of photothermal porated mammalian cell plasma membranes using an electrical impedance sensor. Cell membrane pores were generated by high-speed cavitation bubbles induced by laser pulsing of metallic microdisks on a pair of transparent indium tin oxide electrodes. Electrical responses from the sensor electrodes were obtained with a signal voltage of 500 mV and a frequency at 500 kHz. Real-time impedance measurements show that membrane resealing and impedance recovery take a surprisingly long 1 to 2 min after laser pulsing. A nonrecovering impedance shift is also detected for cells after high-energy laser pulsing. This impedance response is also confirmed by a separate experiment in which thin-film gold electrodes are used to trigger cavitation bubbles for opening transient membrane pores on cells cultured on electrodes. Overall, our study platform provides new insight for micron-sized membrane defect repair dynamics to maintain cell viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Yamane
- 1Precision and Intelligence Laboratory, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
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24
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Xu J, Teslaa T, Wu TH, Chiou PY, Teitell MA, Weiss S. Nanoblade delivery and incorporation of quantum dot conjugates into tubulin networks in live cells. NANO LETTERS 2012; 12:5669-72. [PMID: 23094784 PMCID: PMC3500567 DOI: 10.1021/nl302821g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Quantum dots (QDs) have not been used to label cytoskeleton structure of live cells owing to limitations in delivery strategies, and QDs conjugation methods and issues with nonspecific binding. We conjugated tubulin to QDs and applied the emerging method of photothermal nanoblade to deliver QD-tubulin conjugates into live Hela cells. This method will open new opportunities for cytosolic targeting of QDs in live cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianmin Xu
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
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25
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Chen Y, Wu TH, Chiou PY. Scanning laser pulses driven microfluidic peristaltic membrane pump. LAB ON A CHIP 2012; 12:1771-4. [PMID: 22453871 DOI: 10.1039/c2lc40079k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
We reported a pulsed laser driven peristaltic pump for driving fluid in multilayer polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microchannels. By synchronizing the dynamics of deforming membrane valves with pulsed laser generated bubbles, a maximum pumping rate of 460 pl s(-1) has been achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Chen
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California at Los Angeles, 43-147 Eng. IV, 420 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1597, USA.
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26
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Darafsheh A, Fardad A, Fried NM, Antoszyk AN, Ying HS, Astratov VN. Contact focusing multimodal microprobes for ultraprecise laser tissue surgery. OPTICS EXPRESS 2011; 19:3440-8. [PMID: 21369166 PMCID: PMC3368307 DOI: 10.1364/oe.19.003440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Focusing of multimodal beams by chains of dielectric microspheres assembled directly inside the cores of hollow waveguides is studied by using numerical ray tracing. The device designs are optimized for laser surgery in contact mode with strongly absorbing tissue. By analyzing a broad range of parameters it is demonstrated that chains formed by three or five spheres with a refractive index of 1.65-1.75 provide a two-fold improvement in spatial resolution over single spheres at the cost of 0.2-0.4 attenuation in peak intensity of the central focused beam. Potential applications include ultra precise laser ablation or coagulation in the eye and brain, cellular surgery, and the coupling of light into photonic nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Darafsheh
- Department of Physics and Optical Science, Center for Optoelectronics and Optical Communications University of North Carolina at Charlotte, NC 28223,
USA
| | - Amir Fardad
- PhotonTech, LLC., Research Triangle Park, PO Box 13714, NC 27709,
USA
| | - Nathaniel M. Fried
- Department of Physics and Optical Science, Center for Optoelectronics and Optical Communications University of North Carolina at Charlotte, NC 28223,
USA
| | - Andrew N. Antoszyk
- Retina Service, Charlotte Eye Ear Nose and Throat Associates, P.A. 6035 Fairview Road, Charlotte, NC 28210,
USA
| | - Howard S. Ying
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University, 600 N. Wolfe Street, Maumenee 723, Baltimore, MD 21287-9277,
USA
| | - Vasily N. Astratov
- Department of Physics and Optical Science, Center for Optoelectronics and Optical Communications University of North Carolina at Charlotte, NC 28223,
USA
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