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Chambers C, Chitwood B, Smith CJ, Miao Y. Elevating theranostics: The emergence and promise of radiopharmaceutical cell-targeting heterodimers in human cancers. IRADIOLOGY 2024; 2:128-155. [PMID: 38708130 PMCID: PMC11067702 DOI: 10.1002/ird3.62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Optimal therapeutic and diagnostic efficacy is essential for healthcare's global mission of advancing oncologic drug development. Accurate diagnosis and detection are crucial prerequisites for effective risk stratification and personalized patient care in clinical oncology. A paradigm shift is emerging with the promise of multi-receptor-targeting compounds. While existing detection and staging methods have demonstrated some success, the traditional approach of monotherapy is being reevaluated to enhance therapeutic effectiveness. Heterodimeric site-specific agents are a versatile solution by targeting two distinct biomarkers with a single theranostic agent. This review describes the innovation of dual-targeting compounds, examining their design strategies, therapeutic implications, and the promising path they present for addressing complex diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Chambers
- Molecular Imaging and Theranostics Center, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Research Division, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans’ Hospital, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Broc Chitwood
- Molecular Imaging and Theranostics Center, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Charles J. Smith
- Molecular Imaging and Theranostics Center, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Research Division, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans’ Hospital, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- University of Missouri Research Reactor Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Yubin Miao
- Department of Radiology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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Wu G, Wang D, Zhang W, Jia Z, Li J, Zhang L. Head-to-head comparison of [68Ga]Ga-FAPI PET and [18F]FDG PET in the detection of bone and lymph node metastasis in various cancers: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Radiol 2024; 171:111302. [PMID: 38219352 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2024.111302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of our meta-analysis and systematic review was to contrast the positivity rates of [68Ga]Ga-FAPI PET and [18F]FDG PET in detecting bone and lymph node metastases across diverse cancer types. METHODS We conducted a comprehensive search for eligible articles up until August 2023, utilizing databases including PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science. Studies focusing on the positivity rate of [68Ga]Ga-FAPI PET vs. [18F]FDG PET for bone and lymph metastasis were included. Using random-effect model, the positivity rate for [68Ga]Ga-FAPI PET and [18F]FDG PET were generated. In order to gauge the heterogeneity among aggregated studies, we utilized the I2 statistic. Additionally, we applied the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Performance Studies (QUADAS-2) methodology to evaluate the caliber of the studies encompassed in our analysis. RESULTS A total of 430 publications were initially identified in the search. Eventually, 25 studies, involving 779 patients, met the inclusion criteria. In terms of bone metastasis, the findings indicate no statistically significant difference between the use of [68Ga]Ga-FAPI PET and [18F]FDG PET (P = 0.34). However, concerning lymph node metastasis, the results demonstrate significant difference between the two imaging agents (P = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS This systematic review suggests that [68Ga]Ga-FAPI PET appears to outperform [18F]FDG PET in detecting lymph node metastases. However, when it comes to bone metastasis, no statistically significant difference was observed. It is crucial to acknowledge that the insights concerning bone metastasis stem from studies with comparatively modest sample sizes. Consequently, there is a pressing demand for further, expansive prospective studies in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiyou Wu
- Joint Training Base of Jinzhou Medical University, China Postgraduate Training Base of The Fourth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Hospital of Jinzhou, Medical University, China; Senior Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China; National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
| | - Daofeng Wang
- Department of Sports Medicine, Sports Medicine Service, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wupeng Zhang
- Senior Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China; National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengfeng Jia
- Senior Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China; National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
| | - Jiantao Li
- Senior Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China; National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing, China.
| | - Licheng Zhang
- Senior Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China; National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing, China.
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Lv X, Song X, Long Y, Zeng D, Lan X, Gai Y. Preclinical evaluation of a dual-receptor targeted tracer [ 68Ga]Ga-HX01 in 10 different subcutaneous and orthotopic tumor models. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2023; 51:54-67. [PMID: 37642706 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-023-06412-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The integrin αvβ3 and aminopeptidase N (APN/CD13) play vital roles in the tumor angiogenesis process. They are highly expressed in a variety of tumor cells and proliferating endothelial cells during angiogenesis, which have been considered as highly promising targets for tumor imaging. Arginine-glycine-aspartic (RGD) and asparagine-glycine-arginine (NGR) are two peptides specifically binding to the integrin αvβ3 and CD13, respectively. In this study, we optimized our previously developed probe and preclinically evaluated the new integrin αvβ3 and CD13 dual-targeted probe, NOTA-RGD-NGR (denoted as HX01) radiolabeled with 68Ga, in 10 different subcutaneous and orthotopic tumor models. METHODS The specific activity and radiochemical purity of [68Ga]Ga-HX01 were identified. The dual-receptor targeting ability was confirmed by a series of blocking studies and partly muted tracers using BxPC-3 xenograft model. The dynamic imaging study and dose escalation study were explored to determine the optimal imaging time point and dosage in the BxPC-3 xenograft model. Next, we established a variety of subcutaneous and orthotopic tumor models including pancreas (BxPC-3), breast (MCF-7), gallbladder (NOZ), lung (HCC827), ovary (SK-OV-3), colorectal (HCT-8), liver (HuH-7), stomach (NUGC-4), and glioma (U87) cancers. All models underwent [68Ga]Ga-HX01 PET/CT imaging about 2 weeks post-inoculation, with a subset of them undergoing [18F]FDG PET/CT scan performed concurrently, and their results were compared. In addition, ex vivo biodistribution studies were also performed for verifying the semi-quantitative results of the non-invasive PET images. RESULTS [68Ga]Ga-HX01 significantly outperformed single target probes in the BxPC-3 xenograft model. All blocking and single target groups exhibited significantly descending tumor uptake. The high tumor uptakes were found in BxPC-3, MCF-7, and NOZ subcutaneous tumors (%ID/g > 1.1), while middle uptakes were observed in HCC827, SK-OV-3, HCT-8, and HuH-7 subcutaneous tumor (%ID/g 0.7-1.0). Due to the low background, the tumor-to-muscle and tumor-to-blood ratios of [68Ga]Ga-HX01 were higher than that of [18F]FDG. CONCLUSIONS [68Ga]Ga-HX01, as a dual target imaging agent, exhibited superior in vivo performance in different subcutaneous and orthotopic mice models of human tumors over [18F]FDG and its respectively mono-receptor targeted agents, which warrants the future clinical translation for tumor imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Lv
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jiefang Ave 1277, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei Province, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, The Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Xiangming Song
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jiefang Ave 1277, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei Province, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, The Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Yu Long
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jiefang Ave 1277, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei Province, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, The Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Dexing Zeng
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Xiaoli Lan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jiefang Ave 1277, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei Province, China.
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, 430022, China.
- Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, The Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430022, China.
| | - Yongkang Gai
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jiefang Ave 1277, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei Province, China.
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, 430022, China.
- Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, The Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430022, China.
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Pyo A, Yun M, Song B, Kwon SY, Min JJ, Kim DY. Synthesis and evaluation of 18F-labeled procainamide as a PET imaging agent for malignant melanoma. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2023; 96:129528. [PMID: 37852422 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2023.129528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Malignant melanoma has an aggressive nature and a high metastatic propensity resulting in the highest mortality rate of any skin cancer. In this study, we synthesized 18F-labeled procainamide (PCA) for detection of melanoma using positron emission tomography (PET), and evaluated its biological characteristics. The non-decay-corrected radiochemical yield of 18F-PCA was 10-15% and its in vitro stability was over 98% for 2 h. At 1 h, cellular uptake of 18F-PCA was 3.8-fold higher in a group with the presence of l-tyrosine than in a non-l-tyrosine-treated group. Furthermore, 18F-PCA permitted visualization of B16F10 (mouse melanoma) xenografts on microPET after intravenous injection, and was retained in the tumor for 60 min, with a high tumor-to-liver uptake ratio. 18F-PCA showed specific melanoma uptake in primary lesions with a high melanin targeting ability in small animal models. 18F-PCA may have potential as a PET imaging agent for direct melanoma detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayoung Pyo
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Misun Yun
- Hygenic Safety-Material Research Group, Technology Innovation Research Division, World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Boreum Song
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Young Kwon
- Innovation Center for Molecular Probe Development, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Joon Min
- Innovation Center for Molecular Probe Development, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Republic of Korea; CNCure Biotech, Hwasun, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Yeon Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea; CNCure Biotech, Hwasun, Republic of Korea.
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Qin W, Chandra J, Abourehab MAS, Gupta N, Chen ZS, Kesharwani P, Cao HL. New opportunities for RGD-engineered metal nanoparticles in cancer. Mol Cancer 2023; 22:87. [PMID: 37226188 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01784-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The advent of nanotechnology has opened new possibilities for bioimaging. Metal nanoparticles (such as gold, silver, iron, copper, etc.) hold tremendous potential and offer enormous opportunities for imaging and diagnostics due to their broad optical characteristics, ease of manufacturing technique, and simple surface modification. The arginine-glycine-aspartate (RGD) peptide is a three-amino acid sequence that seems to have a considerably greater ability to adhere to integrin adhesion molecules that exclusively express on tumour cells. RGD peptides act as the efficient tailoring ligand with a variety of benefits including non-toxicity, greater precision, rapid clearance, etc. This review focuses on the possibility of non-invasive cancer imaging using metal nanoparticles with RGD assistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Qin
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Basic and Translation of Cardiovascular Metabolic Disease, College of Pharmacy, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Jyoti Chandra
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Mohammed A S Abourehab
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Neelima Gupta
- Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Sagar, Madhya Pradesh, 470003, India
| | - Zhe-Sheng Chen
- Institute for Biotechnology, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, New York, 11439, USA
| | - Prashant Kesharwani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India.
- Center for Transdisciplinary Research, Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical science, Chennai, India.
| | - Hui-Ling Cao
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Basic and Translation of Cardiovascular Metabolic Disease, College of Pharmacy, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, 710021, China.
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Trencsényi G, Képes Z. Scandium-44: Diagnostic Feasibility in Tumor-Related Angiogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087400. [PMID: 37108559 PMCID: PMC10138813 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis-related cell-surface molecules, including integrins, aminopeptidase N, vascular endothelial growth factor, and gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR), play a crucial role in tumour formation. Radiolabelled imaging probes targeting angiogenic biomarkers serve as valuable vectors in tumour identification. Nowadays, there is a growing interest in novel radionuclides other than gallium-68 (68Ga) or copper-64 (64Cu) to establish selective radiotracers for the imaging of tumour-associated neo-angiogenesis. Given its ideal decay characteristics (Eβ+average: 632 KeV) and a half-life (T1/2 = 3.97 h) that is well matched to the pharmacokinetic profile of small molecules targeting angiogenesis, scandium-44 (44Sc) has gained meaningful attention as a promising radiometal for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. More recently, intensive research has been centered around the investigation of 44Sc-labelled angiogenesis-directed radiopharmaceuticals. Previous studies dealt with the evaluation of 44Sc-appended avb3 integrin-affine Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) tripeptides, GRPR-selective aminobenzoyl-bombesin analogue (AMBA), and hypoxia-associated nitroimidazole derivatives in the identification of various cancers using experimental tumour models. Given the tumour-related hypoxia- and angiogenesis-targeting capability of these PET probes, 44Sc seems to be a strong competitor of the currently used positron emitters in radiotracer development. In this review, we summarize the preliminary preclinical achievements with 44Sc-labelled angiogenesis-specific molecular probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- György Trencsényi
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Translational Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zita Képes
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Translational Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei St. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
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Patras L, Shaashua L, Matei I, Lyden D. Immune determinants of the pre-metastatic niche. Cancer Cell 2023; 41:546-572. [PMID: 36917952 PMCID: PMC10170403 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2023.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Primary tumors actively and specifically prime pre-metastatic niches (PMNs), the future sites of organotropic metastasis, preparing these distant microenvironments for disseminated tumor cell arrival. While initial studies of the PMN focused on extracellular matrix alterations and stromal reprogramming, it is increasingly clear that the far-reaching effects of tumors are in great part achieved through systemic and local PMN immunosuppression. Here, we discuss recent advances in our understanding of the tumor immune microenvironment and provide a comprehensive overview of the immune determinants of the PMN's spatiotemporal evolution. Moreover, we depict the PMN immune landscape, based on functional pre-clinical studies as well as mounting clinical evidence, and the dynamic, reciprocal crosstalk with systemic changes imposed by cancer progression. Finally, we outline emerging therapeutic approaches that alter the dynamics of the interactions driving PMN formation and reverse immunosuppression programs in the PMN ensuring early anti-tumor immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Patras
- Children's Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics, and Cell and Developmental Biology, Drukier Institute for Children's Health, Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Center of Systems Biology, Biodiversity and Bioresources, Faculty of Biology and Geology, Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Lee Shaashua
- Children's Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics, and Cell and Developmental Biology, Drukier Institute for Children's Health, Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Irina Matei
- Children's Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics, and Cell and Developmental Biology, Drukier Institute for Children's Health, Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| | - David Lyden
- Children's Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics, and Cell and Developmental Biology, Drukier Institute for Children's Health, Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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Mitry MMA, Greco F, Osborn HMI. In Vivo Applications of Bioorthogonal Reactions: Chemistry and Targeting Mechanisms. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203942. [PMID: 36656616 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Bioorthogonal chemistry involves selective biocompatible reactions between functional groups that are not normally present in biology. It has been used to probe biomolecules in living systems, and has advanced biomedical strategies such as diagnostics and therapeutics. In this review, the challenges and opportunities encountered when translating in vitro bioorthogonal approaches to in vivo settings are presented, with a focus on methods to deliver the bioorthogonal reaction components. These methods include metabolic bioengineering, active targeting, passive targeting, and simultaneously used strategies. The suitability of bioorthogonal ligation reactions and bond cleavage reactions for in vivo applications is critically appraised, and practical considerations such as the optimum scheduling regimen in pretargeting approaches are discussed. Finally, we present our own perspectives for this area and identify what, in our view, are the key challenges that must be overcome to maximise the impact of these approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madonna M A Mitry
- Reading School of Pharmacy, University of Reading Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6AD, UK.,Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11566, Egypt
| | - Francesca Greco
- Reading School of Pharmacy, University of Reading Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6AD, UK
| | - Helen M I Osborn
- Reading School of Pharmacy, University of Reading Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6AD, UK
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Sun L, Gai Y, Li Z, Li H, Li J, Muschler J, Kang R, Tang D, Zeng D. Heterodimeric RGD-NGR PET Tracer for the Early Detection of Pancreatic Cancer. Mol Imaging Biol 2022; 24:580-589. [PMID: 35229260 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-022-01704-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the most lethal gastrointestinal cancer, and its poor prognosis is highly associated with the lack of an efficient early detection technology. Here, we report that RGD-NGR heterodimer labeled with PET isotope could be applied in PDAC early detection. PROCEDURES The RGD-NGR tracer was first compared with its corresponding monomeric counterparts via PET imaging studies using mice bearing a subcutaneous BxPC3 tumor. Subsequently, the RGD-NGR tracer was evaluated in autochthonous mouse models with spontaneously developed late stage PanIN lesions (KCER mice) or PDAC (KPC mice) via both PET imaging studies and ex vivo biodistribution studies. Furthermore, a comparison between 2-deoxy-2[18F]fluoro-D-glucose ([18F]F-FDG) and the RGD-NGR tracer was conducted via PET imaging of the same KCH mouse bearing spontaneously developed PDAC. H&E staining was performed to confirm the malignant pancreatic tissue in the KCH mouse. Immunofluorescence staining was performed to confirm the expression of integrin αVβ3 and CD13. RESULTS The RGD-NGR tracer exhibited improved in vivo performance as compared with its corresponding monomeric counterparts on the subcutaneous BxPC3 tumor mouse model. Subsequent evaluation in autochthonous mouse models demonstrated its capability to detect both pre-malignant and malignant pancreases. Further comparison with [18F]F-FDG revealed the superiority of the proposed heterodimer in imaging spontaneously developed PDAC. H&E staining confirmed the malignant pancreatic tissue in the KCH mouse, while the expression of both integrin αVβ3 and CD13 receptors was demonstrated with immunofluorescence staining. CONCLUSION The proposed RGD-NGR heterodimer possesses the potential to be applied in the PDAC early detection for high-risk populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyi Sun
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97229, USA.
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
| | - Yongkang Gai
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Zhonghan Li
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97229, USA
| | - Huiqiang Li
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Jianchun Li
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - John Muschler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97229, USA
| | - Rui Kang
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Daolin Tang
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Dexing Zeng
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97229, USA.
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
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Profiling target engagement and cellular uptake of cRGD-decorated clinical-stage core-crosslinked polymeric micelles. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2022; 13:1195-1211. [PMID: 35816231 PMCID: PMC10102119 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-022-01204-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Polymeric micelles are increasingly explored for tumor-targeted drug delivery. CriPec® technology enables the generation of core-crosslinked polymeric micelles (CCPMs) based on thermosensitive (mPEG-b-pHPMAmLacn) block copolymers, with high drug loading capacity, tailorable size, and controlled drug release kinetics. In this study, we decorated clinical-stage CCPM with the αvβ3 integrin-targeted cyclic arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (cRGD) peptide, which is one of the most well-known active targeting ligands evaluated preclinically and clinically. Using a panel of cell lines with different expression levels of the αvβ3 integrin receptor and exploring both static and dynamic incubation conditions, we studied the benefit of decorating CCPM with different densities of cRGD. We show that incubation time and temperature, as well as the expression levels of αvβ3 integrin by target cells, positively influence cRGD-CCPM uptake, as demonstated by immunofluorescence staining and fluorescence microscopy. We demonstrate that even very low decoration densities (i.e., 1 mol % cRGD) result in increased engagement and uptake by target cells as compared to peptide-free control CCPM, and that high cRGD decoration densities do not result in a proportional increase in internalization. In this context, it should be kept in mind that a more extensive presence of targeting ligands on the surface of nanomedicines may affect their pharmacokinetic and biodistribution profile. Thus, we suggest a relatively low cRGD decoration density as most suitable for in vivo application.
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Translating Molecules into Imaging—The Development of New PET Tracers for Patients with Melanoma. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12051116. [PMID: 35626272 PMCID: PMC9139963 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12051116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is a deadly disease that often exhibits relentless progression and can have both early and late metastases. Recent advances in immunotherapy and targeted therapy have dramatically increased patient survival for patients with melanoma. Similar advances in molecular targeted PET imaging can identify molecular pathways that promote disease progression and therefore offer physiological information. Thus, they can be used to assess prognosis, tumor heterogeneity, and identify instances of treatment failure. Numerous agents tested preclinically and clinically demonstrate promising results with high tumor-to-background ratios in both primary and metastatic melanoma tumors. Here, we detail the development and testing of multiple molecular targeted PET-imaging agents, including agents for general oncological imaging and those specifically for PET imaging of melanoma. Of the numerous radiopharmaceuticals evaluated for this purpose, several have made it to clinical trials and showed promising results. Ultimately, these agents may become the standard of care for melanoma imaging if they are able to demonstrate micrometastatic disease and thus provide more accurate information for staging. Furthermore, these agents provide a more accurate way to monitor response to therapy. Patients will be able to receive treatment based on tumor uptake characteristics and may be able to be treated earlier for lesions that with traditional imaging would be subclinical, overall leading to improved outcomes for patients.
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Impact of Different [Tc(N)PNP]-Scaffolds on the Biological Properties of the Small cRGDfK Peptide: Synthesis, In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluations. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27082548. [PMID: 35458745 PMCID: PMC9029856 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27082548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: The [99mTc][Tc(N)(PNP)] system, where PNP is a bisphosphinoamine, is an interesting platform for the development of tumor ‘receptor-specific’ agents. Here, we compared the reactivity and impact of three [Tc(N)(PNP)] frameworks on the stability, receptor targeting properties, biodistribution, and metabolism of the corresponding [99mTc][Tc(N)(PNP)]-tagged cRGDfK peptide to determine the best performing agent and to select the framework useful for the preparation of [99mTc][Tc(N)(PNP)]-housing molecular targeting agents. Methods: cRGDfK pentapeptide was conjugated to Cys and labeled with each [Tc(N)(PNP)] framework. Radioconjugates were assessed for their lipophilicity, stability, in vitro and in vivo targeting properties, and performance. Results: All compounds were equally synthetically accessible and easy to purify (RCY ≥ 95%). The main influences of the synthon on the targeting peptide were observed in in vitro cell binding and in vivo. Conclusions: The variation in the substituents on the phosphorus atoms of the PNP enables a fine tuning of the biological features of the radioconjugates. ws[99mTc][Tc(N)(PNP3OH)]– and [99mTc][Tc(N)(PNP3)]– are better performing synthons in terms of labeling efficiency and in vivo performance than the [99mTc][Tc(N)(PNP43)] framework and are therefore more suitable for further radiopharmaceutical purposes. Furthermore, the good labeling properties of the ws[99mTc][Tc(N)(PNP3OH)]– framework can be exploited to extend this technology to the labeling of temperature-sensitive biomolecules suitable for SPECT imaging.
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Chia K, Paul RL, Weeks AJ, Naeem M, Mullen GE, Landau D, Blower PJ. Correlation of hypoxia PET tracer uptake with hypoxic radioresistance in cancer cells: PET biomarkers of resistance to stereotactic radiation therapy? Nucl Med Biol 2022; 110-111:10-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2022.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Bugatti A, Filippini F, Bardelli M, Zani A, Chiodelli P, Messali S, Caruso A, Caccuri F. SARS-CoV-2 Infects Human ACE2-Negative Endothelial Cells through an αvβ3 Integrin-Mediated Endocytosis Even in the Presence of Vaccine-Elicited Neutralizing Antibodies. Viruses 2022; 14:v14040705. [PMID: 35458435 PMCID: PMC9032829 DOI: 10.3390/v14040705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Integrins represent a gateway of entry for many viruses and the Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) motif is the smallest sequence necessary for proteins to bind integrins. All Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Virus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) lineages own an RGD motif (aa 403–405) in their receptor binding domain (RBD). We recently showed that SARS-CoV-2 gains access into primary human lung microvascular endothelial cells (HL-mECs) lacking Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) expression through this conserved RGD motif. Following its entry, SARS-CoV-2 remodels cell phenotype and promotes angiogenesis in the absence of productive viral replication. Here, we highlight the αvβ3 integrin as the main molecule responsible for SARS-CoV-2 infection of HL-mECs via a clathrin-dependent endocytosis. Indeed, pretreatment of virus with αvβ3 integrin or pretreatment of cells with a monoclonal antibody against αvβ3 integrin was found to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 entry into HL-mECs. Surprisingly, the anti-Spike antibodies evoked by vaccination were neither able to impair Spike/integrin interaction nor to prevent SARS-CoV-2 entry into HL-mECs. Our data highlight the RGD motif in the Spike protein as a functional constraint aimed to maintain the interaction of the viral envelope with integrins. At the same time, our evidences call for the need of intervention strategies aimed to neutralize the SARS-CoV-2 integrin-mediated infection of ACE2-negative cells in the vaccine era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Bugatti
- Section of Microbiology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (A.B.); (F.F.); (M.B.); (A.Z.); (S.M.); (A.C.)
| | - Federica Filippini
- Section of Microbiology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (A.B.); (F.F.); (M.B.); (A.Z.); (S.M.); (A.C.)
| | - Marta Bardelli
- Section of Microbiology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (A.B.); (F.F.); (M.B.); (A.Z.); (S.M.); (A.C.)
| | - Alberto Zani
- Section of Microbiology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (A.B.); (F.F.); (M.B.); (A.Z.); (S.M.); (A.C.)
| | - Paola Chiodelli
- Section of General Pathology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy;
| | - Serena Messali
- Section of Microbiology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (A.B.); (F.F.); (M.B.); (A.Z.); (S.M.); (A.C.)
| | - Arnaldo Caruso
- Section of Microbiology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (A.B.); (F.F.); (M.B.); (A.Z.); (S.M.); (A.C.)
| | - Francesca Caccuri
- Section of Microbiology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (A.B.); (F.F.); (M.B.); (A.Z.); (S.M.); (A.C.)
- Correspondence:
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Li L, Chen X, Yu J, Yuan S. Preliminary Clinical Application of RGD-Containing Peptides as PET Radiotracers for Imaging Tumors. Front Oncol 2022; 12:837952. [PMID: 35311120 PMCID: PMC8924613 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.837952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is a common feature of many physiological processes and pathological conditions. RGD-containing peptides can strongly bind to integrin αvβ3 expressed on endothelial cells in neovessels and several tumor cells with high specificity, making them promising molecular agents for imaging angiogenesis. Although studies of RGD-containing peptides combined with radionuclides, namely, 18F, 64Cu, and 68Ga for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging have shown high spatial resolution and accurate quantification of tracer uptake, only a few of these radiotracers have been successfully translated into clinical use. This review summarizes the RGD-based tracers in terms of accumulation in tumors and adjacent tissues, and comparison with traditional 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) imaging. The value of RGD-based tracers for diagnosis, differential diagnosis, tumor subvolume delineation, and therapeutic response prediction is mainly discussed. Very low RGD accumulation, in contrast to high FDG metabolism, was found in normal brain tissue, indicating that RGD-based imaging provides an excellent tumor-to-background ratio for improved brain tumor imaging. However, the intensity of the RGD-based tracers is much higher than FDG in normal liver tissue, which could lead to underestimation of primary or metastatic lesions in liver. In multiple studies, RGD-based imaging successfully realized the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of solid tumors and also the prediction of chemoradiotherapy response, providing complementary rather than similar information relative to FDG imaging. Of most interest, baseline RGD uptake values can not only be used to predict the tumor efficacy of antiangiogenic therapy, but also to monitor the occurrence of adverse events in normal organs. This unique dual predictive value in antiangiogenic therapy may be better than that of FDG-based imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Departments of Diagnostic Radiology, Surgery, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and Biomedical Engineering, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Clinical Imaging Research Centre, Centre for Translational Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Nanomedicine Translational Research Program, NUS Center for Nanomedicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jinming Yu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Shuanghu Yuan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Wu AM. Imaging the host response to cancer. Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-822960-6.00114-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Li XG, Velikyan I, Viitanen R, Roivainen A. PET radiopharmaceuticals for imaging inflammatory diseases. Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-822960-6.00075-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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Kossatz S, Beer AJ, Notni J. It's Time to Shift the Paradigm: Translation and Clinical Application of Non-αvβ3 Integrin Targeting Radiopharmaceuticals. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13235958. [PMID: 34885066 PMCID: PMC8657165 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13235958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Cancer cells often present a different set of proteins on their surface than normal cells. This also applies to integrins, a class of 24 cell surface receptors which mainly are responsible for physically anchoring cells in tissues, but also fulfil a plethora of other functions. If a certain integrin is found on tumor cells but not on normal ones, radioactive molecules (named tracers) that specifically bind to this integrin will accumulate in the cancer lesion if injected into the blood stream. The emitted radiation can be detected from outside the body and allows for localization and thus, diagnosis, of cancer. Only one of the 24 integrins, the subtype αvβ3, has hitherto been thoroughly investigated in this context. We herein summarize the most recent, pertinent research on other integrins, and argue that some of these approaches might ultimately improve the clinical management of the most lethal cancers, such as pancreatic carcinoma. Abstract For almost the entire period of the last two decades, translational research in the area of integrin-targeting radiopharmaceuticals was strongly focused on the subtype αvβ3, owing to its expression on endothelial cells and its well-established role as a biomarker for, and promoter of, angiogenesis. Despite a large number of translated tracers and clinical studies, a clinical value of αvβ3-integrin imaging could not be defined yet. The focus of research has, thus, been moving slowly but steadily towards other integrin subtypes which are involved in a large variety of tumorigenic pathways. Peptidic and non-peptidic radioligands for the integrins α5β1, αvβ6, αvβ8, α6β1, α6β4, α3β1, α4β1, and αMβ2 were first synthesized and characterized preclinically. Some of these compounds, targeting the subtypes αvβ6, αvβ8, and α6β1/β4, were subsequently translated into humans during the last few years. αvβ6-Integrin has arguably attracted most attention because it is expressed by some of the cancers with the worst prognosis (above all, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma), which substantiates a clinical need for the respective theranostic agents. The receptor furthermore represents a biomarker for malignancy and invasiveness of carcinomas, as well as for fibrotic diseases, such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), and probably even for Sars-CoV-2 (COVID-19) related syndromes. Accordingly, the largest number of recent first-in-human applications has been reported for radiolabeled compounds targeting αvβ6-integrin. The results indicate a substantial clinical value, which might lead to a paradigm change and trigger the replacement of αvβ3 by αvβ6 as the most popular integrin in theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Kossatz
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany;
- Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | | | - Johannes Notni
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
- TRIMT GmbH, 01454 Radeberg, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-89-4140-6075; Fax: +49-89-4140-6949
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Steiger K, Quigley NG, Groll T, Richter F, Zierke MA, Beer AJ, Weichert W, Schwaiger M, Kossatz S, Notni J. There is a world beyond αvβ3-integrin: Multimeric ligands for imaging of the integrin subtypes αvβ6, αvβ8, αvβ3, and α5β1 by positron emission tomography. EJNMMI Res 2021; 11:106. [PMID: 34636990 PMCID: PMC8506476 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-021-00842-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the context of nuclear medicine and theranostics, integrin-related research and development was, for most of the time, focused predominantly on 'RGD peptides' and the subtype αvβ3-integrin. However, there are no less than 24 known integrins, and peptides without the RGD sequence as well as non-peptidic ligands play an equally important role as selective integrin ligands. On the other hand, multimerization is a well-established method to increase the avidity of binding structures, but multimeric radiopharmaceuticals have not made their way into clinics yet. In this review, we describe how these aspects have been interwoven in the framework of the German Research Foundation's multi-group interdisciplinary funding scheme CRC 824, yielding a series of potent PET imaging agents for selective imaging of various integrin subtypes. RESULTS The gallium-68 chelator TRAP was utilized to elaborate symmetrical trimers of various peptidic and non-peptidic integrin ligands. Preclinical data suggested a high potential of the resulting Ga-68-tracers for PET-imaging of the integrins α5β1, αvβ8, αvβ6, and αvβ3. For the first three, we provide some additional immunohistochemistry data in human cancers, which suggest several future clinical applications. Finally, application of αvβ3- and αvβ6-integrin tracers in pancreatic carcinoma patients revealed that unlike αvβ3-targeted PET, αvβ6-integrin PET is not characterized by off-target uptake and thus, enables a substantially improved imaging of this type of cancer. CONCLUSIONS Novel radiopharmaceuticals targeting a number of different integrins, above all, αvβ6, have proven their clinical potential and will play an increasingly important role in future theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Steiger
- Institut Für Pathologie Und Pathologische Anatomie, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Neil Gerard Quigley
- Institut Für Pathologie Und Pathologische Anatomie, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Tanja Groll
- Institut Für Pathologie Und Pathologische Anatomie, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Frauke Richter
- Institut Für Pathologie Und Pathologische Anatomie, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | | | | | - Wilko Weichert
- Institut Für Pathologie Und Pathologische Anatomie, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Markus Schwaiger
- Klinik Für Nuklearmedizin Und Zentralinstitut Für Translationale Krebsforschung (TranslaTUM), Klinikum Rechts Der Isar der Technischen Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Susanne Kossatz
- Klinik Für Nuklearmedizin Und Zentralinstitut Für Translationale Krebsforschung (TranslaTUM), Klinikum Rechts Der Isar der Technischen Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Johannes Notni
- Institut Für Pathologie Und Pathologische Anatomie, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany. .,Experimental Radiopharmacy, Clinic for Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147, Essen, Germany.
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Indirect comparison of the diagnostic performance of 18F-FDG PET/CT and MRI in differentiating benign and malignant ovarian or adnexal tumors: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:1080. [PMID: 34615498 PMCID: PMC8495994 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-08815-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To compare the value of fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET)/computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in differentiating benign and malignant ovarian or adnexal tumors. Materials and methods English articles reporting on the diagnostic performance of MRI or 18F-FDG PET/CT in identifying benign and malignant ovarian or adnexal tumors published in PubMed and Embase between January 2000 and January 2021 were included in the meta-analysis. Two authors independently extracted the data. If the data presented in the study report could be used to construct a 2 × 2 contingency table comparing 18F-FDG PET/CT and MRI, the studies were selected for the analysis. The Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2 (QUADAS-2) was used to evaluate the quality of the included studies. Forest plots were generated according to the sensitivity and specificity of 18F-FDG PET/CT and MRI. Results A total of 27 articles, including 1118F-FDG PET/CT studies and 17 MRI studies on the differentiation of benign and malignant ovarian or adnexal tumors, were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled sensitivity and specificity for 18F-FDG PET/CT in differentiating benign and malignant ovarian or adnexal tumors were 0.94 (95% CI, 0.87–0.97) and 0.86 (95% CI, 0.79–0.91), respectively, and the pooled sensitivity and specificity for MRI were 0.92 (95% CI: 0.89–0.95) and 0.85 (95% CI: 0.79–0.89), respectively. Conclusion While MRI and 18F-FDG PET/CT both showed to have high and similar diagnostic performance in the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant ovarian or adnexal tumors, MRI, a promising non-radiation imaging technology, may be a more suitable choice for patients with ovarian or accessory tumors. Nonetheless, prospective studies directly comparing MRI and 18F-FDG PET/CT diagnostic performance in the differentiation of benign and malignant ovarian or adnexal tumors are needed. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-021-08815-3.
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Lilburn DM, Groves AM. The role of PET in imaging of the tumour microenvironment and response to immunotherapy. Clin Radiol 2021; 76:784.e1-784.e15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2021.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Gaurav I, Wang X, Thakur A, Iyaswamy A, Thakur S, Chen X, Kumar G, Li M, Yang Z. Peptide-Conjugated Nano Delivery Systems for Therapy and Diagnosis of Cancer. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1433. [PMID: 34575511 PMCID: PMC8471603 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13091433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptides are strings of approximately 2-50 amino acids, which have gained huge attention for theranostic applications in cancer research due to their various advantages including better biosafety, customizability, convenient process of synthesis, targeting ability via recognizing biological receptors on cancer cells, and better ability to penetrate cell membranes. The conjugation of peptides to the various nano delivery systems (NDS) has been found to provide an added benefit toward targeted delivery for cancer therapy. Moreover, the simultaneous delivery of peptide-conjugated NDS and nano probes has shown potential for the diagnosis of the malignant progression of cancer. In this review, various barriers hindering the targeting capacity of NDS are addressed, and various approaches for conjugating peptides and NDS have been discussed. Moreover, major peptide-based functionalized NDS targeting cancer-specific receptors have been considered, including the conjugation of peptides with extracellular vesicles, which are biological nanovesicles with promising ability for therapy and the diagnosis of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isha Gaurav
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China; (I.G.); (X.W.); (A.I.); (X.C.); (M.L.)
| | - Xuehan Wang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China; (I.G.); (X.W.); (A.I.); (X.C.); (M.L.)
| | - Abhimanyu Thakur
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health, Hong Kong Institute of Science and Innovation-CAS Limited, Hong Kong, China;
| | - Ashok Iyaswamy
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China; (I.G.); (X.W.); (A.I.); (X.C.); (M.L.)
- Mr. & Mrs. Ko Chi-Ming Centre for Parkinson’s Disease Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sudha Thakur
- National Institute for Locomotor Disabilities (Divyangjan), Kolkata 700090, India;
| | - Xiaoyu Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China; (I.G.); (X.W.); (A.I.); (X.C.); (M.L.)
| | - Gaurav Kumar
- School of Basic and Applied Science, Galgotias University, Greater Noida 203201, India;
| | - Min Li
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China; (I.G.); (X.W.); (A.I.); (X.C.); (M.L.)
- Mr. & Mrs. Ko Chi-Ming Centre for Parkinson’s Disease Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhijun Yang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China; (I.G.); (X.W.); (A.I.); (X.C.); (M.L.)
- Changshu Research Institute, Hong Kong Baptist University, Changshu Economic and Technological Development (CETD) Zone, Changshu 215500, China
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Pandey S, Malviya G, Chottova Dvorakova M. Role of Peptides in Diagnostics. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168828. [PMID: 34445532 PMCID: PMC8396325 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The specificity of a diagnostic assay depends upon the purity of the biomolecules used as a probe. To get specific and accurate information of a disease, the use of synthetic peptides in diagnostics have increased in the last few decades, because of their high purity profile and ability to get modified chemically. The discovered peptide probes are used either in imaging diagnostics or in non-imaging diagnostics. In non-imaging diagnostics, techniques such as Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), lateral flow devices (i.e., point-of-care testing), or microarray or LC-MS/MS are used for direct analysis of biofluids. Among all, peptide-based ELISA is considered to be the most preferred technology platform. Similarly, peptides can also be used as probes for imaging techniques, such as single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET). The role of radiolabeled peptides, such as somatostatin receptors, interleukin 2 receptor, prostate specific membrane antigen, αβ3 integrin receptor, gastrin-releasing peptide, chemokine receptor 4, and urokinase-type plasminogen receptor, are well established tools for targeted molecular imaging ortumor receptor imaging. Low molecular weight peptides allow a rapid clearance from the blood and result in favorable target-to-non-target ratios. It also displays a good tissue penetration and non-immunogenicity. The only drawback of using peptides is their potential low metabolic stability. In this review article, we have discussed and evaluated the role of peptides in imaging and non-imaging diagnostics. The most popular non-imaging and imaging diagnostic platforms are discussed, categorized, and ranked, as per their scientific contribution on PUBMED. Moreover, the applicability of peptide-based diagnostics in deadly diseases, mainly COVID-19 and cancer, is also discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashank Pandey
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, 32300 Pilsen, Czech Republic
- Correspondence:
| | - Gaurav Malviya
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G611BD, UK;
| | - Magdalena Chottova Dvorakova
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, 32300 Pilsen, Czech Republic;
- Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, 32300 Pilsen, Czech Republic
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Gyuricza B, Szabó JP, Arató V, Szücs D, Vágner A, Szikra D, Fekete A. Synthesis of Novel, Dual-Targeting 68Ga-NODAGA-LacN-E[c(RGDfK)] 2 Glycopeptide as a PET Imaging Agent for Cancer Diagnosis. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13060796. [PMID: 34073528 PMCID: PMC8227980 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13060796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiolabeled peptides possessing an Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) motif are widely used radiopharmaceuticals for PET imaging of tumor angiogenesis due to their high affinity and selectivity to αvβ3 integrin. This receptor is overexpressed in tumor and tumor endothelial cells in the case of numerous cancer cell lines, therefore, it is an excellent biomarker for cancer diagnosis. The galectin-3 protein is also highly expressed in tumor cells and N-acetyllactosamine is a well-established ligand of this receptor. We have developed a synthetic method to prepare a lactosamine-containing radiotracer, namely 68Ga-NODAGA-LacN-E[c(RGDfK)]2, for cancer diagnosis. First, a lactosamine derivative with azido-propyl aglycone was synthetized. Then, NODAGA-NHS was attached to the amino group of this lactosamine derivative. The obtained compound was conjugated to an E[c(RGDfK)]2 peptide with a strain-promoted click reaction. We have accomplished the radiolabeling of the synthetized NODAGA-LacN-E[c(RGDfK)]2 precursor with a positron-emitting 68Ga isotope (radiochemical yield of >95%). The purification of the labeled compound with solid-phase extraction resulted in a radiochemical purity of >99%. Subsequently, the octanol–water partition coefficient (log P) of the labeled complex was determined to be −2.58. In addition, the in vitro stability of 68Ga-NODAGA-LacN-E[c(RGDfK)]2 was investigated and it was found that it was stable under the examined conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Gyuricza
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Translational Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (B.G.); (J.P.S.); (V.A.); (D.S.); (D.S.)
- Doctoral School of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1., H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Judit P. Szabó
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Translational Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (B.G.); (J.P.S.); (V.A.); (D.S.); (D.S.)
- Doctoral School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Viktória Arató
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Translational Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (B.G.); (J.P.S.); (V.A.); (D.S.); (D.S.)
- Doctoral School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Dániel Szücs
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Translational Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (B.G.); (J.P.S.); (V.A.); (D.S.); (D.S.)
- Doctoral School of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1., H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Adrienn Vágner
- Scanomed Ltd., Nagyerdei krt. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - Dezső Szikra
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Translational Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (B.G.); (J.P.S.); (V.A.); (D.S.); (D.S.)
- Scanomed Ltd., Nagyerdei krt. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - Anikó Fekete
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Translational Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (B.G.); (J.P.S.); (V.A.); (D.S.); (D.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +36-52-255-510 (ext. 54470)
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Florea A, Mottaghy FM, Bauwens M. Molecular Imaging of Angiogenesis in Oncology: Current Preclinical and Clinical Status. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:5544. [PMID: 34073992 PMCID: PMC8197399 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is an active process, regulating new vessel growth, and is crucial for the survival and growth of tumours next to other complex factors in the tumour microenvironment. We present possible molecular imaging approaches for tumour vascularisation and vitality, focusing on radiopharmaceuticals (tracers). Molecular imaging in general has become an integrated part of cancer therapy, by bringing relevant insights on tumour angiogenic status. After a structured PubMed search, the resulting publication list was screened for oncology related publications in animals and humans, disregarding any cardiovascular findings. The tracers identified can be subdivided into direct targeting of angiogenesis (i.e., vascular endothelial growth factor, laminin, and fibronectin) and indirect targeting (i.e., glucose metabolism, hypoxia, and matrix metallo-proteases, PSMA). Presenting pre-clinical and clinical data of most tracers proposed in the literature, the indirect targeting agents are not 1:1 correlated with angiogenesis factors but do have a strong prognostic power in a clinical setting, while direct targeting agents show most potential and specificity for assessing tumour vascularisation and vitality. Within the direct agents, the combination of multiple targeting tracers into one agent (multimers) seems most promising. This review demonstrates the present clinical applicability of indirect agents, but also the need for more extensive research in the field of direct targeting of angiogenesis in oncology. Although there is currently no direct tracer that can be singled out, the RGD tracer family seems to show the highest potential therefore we expect one of them to enter the clinical routine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandru Florea
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (A.F.); (M.B.)
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6229HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
- School for Cardiovascular Diseases (CARIM), Maastricht University, 6229HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Felix M. Mottaghy
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (A.F.); (M.B.)
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6229HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
- School for Cardiovascular Diseases (CARIM), Maastricht University, 6229HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
- School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, 6229HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Matthias Bauwens
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (A.F.); (M.B.)
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6229HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
- School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, 6229HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Ludwig BS, Kessler H, Kossatz S, Reuning U. RGD-Binding Integrins Revisited: How Recently Discovered Functions and Novel Synthetic Ligands (Re-)Shape an Ever-Evolving Field. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13071711. [PMID: 33916607 PMCID: PMC8038522 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13071711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Integrins, a superfamily of cell adhesion receptors, were extensively investigated as therapeutic targets over the last decades, motivated by their multiple functions, e.g., in cancer (progression, metastasis, angiogenesis), sepsis, fibrosis, and viral infections. Although integrin-targeting clinical trials, especially in cancer, did not meet the high expectations yet, integrins remain highly interesting therapeutic targets. In this article, we analyze the state-of-the-art knowledge on the roles of a subfamily of integrins, which require binding of the tripeptide motif Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) for cell adhesion and signal transduction, in cancer, in tumor-associated exosomes, in fibrosis and SARS-CoV-2 infection. Furthermore, we outline the latest achievements in the design and development of synthetic ligands, which are highly selective and affine to single integrin subtypes, i.e., αvβ3, αvβ5, α5β1, αvβ6, αvβ8, and αvβ1. Lastly, we present the substantial progress in the field of nuclear and optical molecular imaging of integrins, including first-in-human and clinical studies. Abstract Integrins have been extensively investigated as therapeutic targets over the last decades, which has been inspired by their multiple functions in cancer progression, metastasis, and angiogenesis as well as a continuously expanding number of other diseases, e.g., sepsis, fibrosis, and viral infections, possibly also Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). Although integrin-targeted (cancer) therapy trials did not meet the high expectations yet, integrins are still valid and promising targets due to their elevated expression and surface accessibility on diseased cells. Thus, for the future successful clinical translation of integrin-targeted compounds, revisited and innovative treatment strategies have to be explored based on accumulated knowledge of integrin biology. For this, refined approaches are demanded aiming at alternative and improved preclinical models, optimized selectivity and pharmacological properties of integrin ligands, as well as more sophisticated treatment protocols considering dose fine-tuning of compounds. Moreover, integrin ligands exert high accuracy in disease monitoring as diagnostic molecular imaging tools, enabling patient selection for individualized integrin-targeted therapy. The present review comprehensively analyzes the state-of-the-art knowledge on the roles of RGD-binding integrin subtypes in cancer and non-cancerous diseases and outlines the latest achievements in the design and development of synthetic ligands and their application in biomedical, translational, and molecular imaging approaches. Indeed, substantial progress has already been made, including advanced ligand designs, numerous elaborated pre-clinical and first-in-human studies, while the discovery of novel applications for integrin ligands remains to be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice S. Ludwig
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Klinikum Rechts der Isar and Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), Technical University Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany;
| | - Horst Kessler
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany;
| | - Susanne Kossatz
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Klinikum Rechts der Isar and Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), Technical University Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany;
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany;
- Correspondence: (S.K.); (U.R.); Tel.: +49-89-4140-9134 (S.K.); +49-89-4140-7407 (U.R.)
| | - Ute Reuning
- Clinical Research Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
- Correspondence: (S.K.); (U.R.); Tel.: +49-89-4140-9134 (S.K.); +49-89-4140-7407 (U.R.)
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Ludwig BS, Tomassi S, Di Maro S, Di Leva FS, Benge A, Reichart F, Nieberler M, Kühn FE, Kessler H, Marinelli L, Reuning U, Kossatz S. The organometallic ferrocene exhibits amplified anti-tumor activity by targeted delivery via highly selective ligands to αvβ3, αvβ6, or α5β1 integrins. Biomaterials 2021; 271:120754. [PMID: 33756215 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.120754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
High levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in tumors have been shown to exert anti-tumor activity, leading to the concept of ROS induction as therapeutic strategy. The organometallic compound ferrocene (Fc) generates ROS through a reversible one-electron oxidation. Incorporation of Fc into a tumor-targeting, bioactive molecule can enhance its therapeutic activity and enable tumor specific delivery. Therefore, we conjugated Fc to five synthetic, Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD)-based integrin binding ligands to enable targeting of the cell adhesion and signaling receptor integrin subtypes αvβ3, α5β1, or αvβ6, which are overexpressed in various, distinct tumors. We designed and synthesized a library of integrin-ligand-ferrocene (ILF) derivatives and showed that ILF conjugates maintained the high integrin affinity and selectivity of their parent ligands. A thorough biological characterization allowed us to identify the two most promising ligands, an αvβ3 (L2b) and an αvβ6 (L3b) targeting ILF, which displayed selective integrin-dependent cell uptake and pronounced ferrocene-mediated anti-tumor effects in vitro, along with increased ROS production and DNA damage. Hence, ILFs are promising candidates for the selective, tumor-targeted delivery of ferrocene to maximize its anti-cancer efficacy and minimize systemic toxicity, thereby improving the therapeutic window of ferrocene compared to currently used non-selective anti-cancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Stefanie Ludwig
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany; Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefano Tomassi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Salvatore Di Maro
- Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Caserta, Italy
| | | | - Anke Benge
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clinical Research Unit, University Hospital Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Florian Reichart
- Institute for Advanced Study, Department of Chemistry, Technical University Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Markus Nieberler
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Fritz E Kühn
- Molecular Catalysis, Catalysis Research Center, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany; Department of Chemistry, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Horst Kessler
- Institute for Advanced Study, Department of Chemistry, Technical University Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Luciana Marinelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Ute Reuning
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clinical Research Unit, University Hospital Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Susanne Kossatz
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany; Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Department of Chemistry, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany.
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Clemmensen A, Hansen AE, Holst P, Schøier C, Bisgaard S, Johannesen HH, Ardenkjær-Larsen JH, Kristensen AT, Kjaer A. [ 68Ga]Ga-NODAGA-E[(cRGDyK)] 2 PET and hyperpolarized [1- 13C] pyruvate MRSI (hyperPET) in canine cancer patients: simultaneous imaging of angiogenesis and the Warburg effect. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2021; 48:395-405. [PMID: 32621132 PMCID: PMC7835292 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-020-04881-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cancer has a multitude of phenotypic expressions and identifying these are important for correct diagnosis and treatment selection. Clinical molecular imaging such as positron emission tomography can access several of these hallmarks of cancer non-invasively. Recently, hyperpolarized magnetic resonance spectroscopy with [1-13C] pyruvate has shown great potential to probe metabolic pathways. Here, we investigate simultaneous dual modality clinical molecular imaging of angiogenesis and deregulated energy metabolism in canine cancer patients. METHODS Canine cancer patients (n = 11) underwent simultaneous [68Ga]Ga-NODAGA-E[(cRGDyK)]2 (RGD) PET and hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate-MRSI (hyperPET). Standardized uptake values and [1-13C]lactate to total 13C ratio were quantified and compared generally and voxel-wise. RESULTS Ten out of 11 patients showed clear tumor uptake of [68Ga]Ga-NODAGA-RGD at both 20 and 60 min after injection, with an average SUVmean of 1.36 ± 0.23 g/mL and 1.13 ± 0.21 g/mL, respectively. A similar pattern was seen for SUVmax values, which were 2.74 ± 0.41 g/mL and 2.37 ± 0.45 g/mL. The [1-13C]lactate generation followed patterns previously reported. We found no obvious pattern or consistent correlation between the two modalities. Voxel-wise tumor values of RGD uptake and lactate generation analysis revealed a tendency for each canine cancer patient to cluster in separated groups. CONCLUSION We demonstrated combined imaging of [68Ga]Ga-NODAGA-RGD-PET for angiogenesis and hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate-MRSI for probing energy metabolism. The results suggest that [68Ga]Ga-NODAGA-RGD-PET and [1-13C]pyruvate-MRSI may provide complementary information, indicating that hyperPET imaging of angiogenesis and energy metabolism is able to aid in cancer phenotyping, leading to improved therapy planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Clemmensen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET and Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Adam E Hansen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET and Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pernille Holst
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Christina Schøier
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Sissel Bisgaard
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET and Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Helle H Johannesen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET and Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Annemarie T Kristensen
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Andreas Kjaer
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET and Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Notohamiprodjo S, Varasteh Z, Beer AJ, Niu G, Chen X(S, Weber W, Schwaiger M. Tumor Vasculature. Mol Imaging 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-816386-3.00090-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Groll AN, Levin CS. Instrumentation and Methods to Combine Small-Animal PET With Other Imaging Modalities. Mol Imaging 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-816386-3.00005-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Jacobs AH, Schelhaas S, Viel T, Waerzeggers Y, Winkeler A, Zinnhardt B, Gelovani J. Imaging of Gene and Cell-Based Therapies: Basis and Clinical Trials. Mol Imaging 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-816386-3.00060-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Sani S, Messe M, Fuchs Q, Pierrevelcin M, Laquerriere P, Entz-Werle N, Reita D, Etienne-Selloum N, Bruban V, Choulier L, Martin S, Dontenwill M. Biological Relevance of RGD-Integrin Subtype-Specific Ligands in Cancer. Chembiochem 2020; 22:1151-1160. [PMID: 33140906 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202000626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Integrins are heterodimeric transmembrane proteins able to connect cells with the micro-environment. They represent a family of receptors involved in almost all the hallmarks of cancer. Integrins recognizing the Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) peptide in their natural extracellular matrix ligands have been particularly investigated as tumoral therapeutic targets. In the last 30 years, intense research has been dedicated to designing specific RGD-like ligands able to discriminate selectively the different RGD-recognizing integrins. Chemists' efforts have led to the proposition of modified peptide or peptidomimetic libraries to be used for tumor targeting and/or tumor imaging. Here we review, from the biological point of view, the rationale underlying the need to clearly delineate each RGD-integrin subtype by selective tools. We describe the complex roles of RGD-integrins (mainly the most studied αvβ3 and α5β1 integrins) in tumors, the steps towards selective ligands and the current usefulness of such ligands. Although the impact of integrins in cancer is well acknowledged, the biological characteristics of each integrin subtype in a specific tumor are far from being completely resolved. Selective ligands might help us to reconsider integrins as therapeutic targets in specific clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saidu Sani
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies (LBP), UMR CNRS 7021, Institut Thématique Interdisciplinaire InnoVec, Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, 74 route du, Rhin, CS 60024, 67401, Illkirch Cedex, France
- Cancer and Diabetic Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Federal University Ndufu-Alike Ikwo, P.M.B, 1010, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria
| | - Mélissa Messe
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies (LBP), UMR CNRS 7021, Institut Thématique Interdisciplinaire InnoVec, Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, 74 route du, Rhin, CS 60024, 67401, Illkirch Cedex, France
- Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), UMR CNRS 7178, Université de Strasbourg, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Quentin Fuchs
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies (LBP), UMR CNRS 7021, Institut Thématique Interdisciplinaire InnoVec, Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, 74 route du, Rhin, CS 60024, 67401, Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - Marina Pierrevelcin
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies (LBP), UMR CNRS 7021, Institut Thématique Interdisciplinaire InnoVec, Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, 74 route du, Rhin, CS 60024, 67401, Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - Patrice Laquerriere
- Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), UMR CNRS 7178, Université de Strasbourg, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Natacha Entz-Werle
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies (LBP), UMR CNRS 7021, Institut Thématique Interdisciplinaire InnoVec, Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, 74 route du, Rhin, CS 60024, 67401, Illkirch Cedex, France
- Pediatric Onco-Hematology Department, Pediatrics, University Hospital of Strasbourg, 1 avenue Molière, 67098, Strasbourg, France
| | - Damien Reita
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies (LBP), UMR CNRS 7021, Institut Thématique Interdisciplinaire InnoVec, Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, 74 route du, Rhin, CS 60024, 67401, Illkirch Cedex, France
- Department of Oncobiology, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Hospital of Strasbourg, France
| | - Nelly Etienne-Selloum
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies (LBP), UMR CNRS 7021, Institut Thématique Interdisciplinaire InnoVec, Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, 74 route du, Rhin, CS 60024, 67401, Illkirch Cedex, France
- Institut du Cancer Strasbourg Europe (ICANS), Service de Pharmacie, 17 rue Albert Calmette, 67200 Strasbourg, France
| | - Véronique Bruban
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies (LBP), UMR CNRS 7021, Institut Thématique Interdisciplinaire InnoVec, Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, 74 route du, Rhin, CS 60024, 67401, Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - Laurence Choulier
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies (LBP), UMR CNRS 7021, Institut Thématique Interdisciplinaire InnoVec, Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, 74 route du, Rhin, CS 60024, 67401, Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - Sophie Martin
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies (LBP), UMR CNRS 7021, Institut Thématique Interdisciplinaire InnoVec, Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, 74 route du, Rhin, CS 60024, 67401, Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - Monique Dontenwill
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies (LBP), UMR CNRS 7021, Institut Thématique Interdisciplinaire InnoVec, Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, 74 route du, Rhin, CS 60024, 67401, Illkirch Cedex, France
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) peptide with its specific binding affinity to integrin αvβ3, is widely investigated for the development of molecular imaging probes for diagnosis of αvβ3-positive tumors. The aim of this work was to evaluate the ability of Tc- HYNIC-D(RGD), a novel retro-inverso peptidomimetic derivative for U87MG tumor (αvβ3-positive) imaging. METHODS HYNIC-D(RGD) labeled with Tc using tricine/EDDA as an exchange coligands. Single-photon emission computed tomography imaging and biodistribution study were performed in nude mice bearing U87MG xenograft tumor. RESULTS The labeling yield was >95%. The radiopeptide showed high uptake value in the U87MG tumor relative to muscle after 2 hours (1.43 ± 0.05 vs. 0.22 ± 0.11 %ID/g). The tumor/muscle ratio was 6.5. Blocking experiment showed specific binding towards tumor. Single-photon emission computed tomography imaging study revealed that radiopeptide had prominent uptake in U87MG tumor. CONCLUSION The novel Tc HYNIC- D(RGD) was demonstrated to be a useful radiotracer for the assessment of αvβ3-positive tumor in animal model. Therefore, further clinical and preclinical studies are required.
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Makowski MR, Rischpler C, Ebersberger U, Keithahn A, Kasel M, Hoffmann E, Rassaf T, Kessler H, Wester HJ, Nekolla SG, Schwaiger M, Beer AJ. Multiparametric PET and MRI of myocardial damage after myocardial infarction: correlation of integrin αvβ3 expression and myocardial blood flow. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2020; 48:1070-1080. [PMID: 32970218 PMCID: PMC8041712 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-020-05034-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Increased angiogenesis after myocardial infarction is considered an important favorable prognostic parameter. The αvβ3 integrin is a key mediator of cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions and an important molecular target for imaging of neovasculature and repair processes after MI. Thus, imaging of αvβ3 expression might provide a novel biomarker for assessment of myocardial angiogenesis as a prognostic marker of left ventricular remodeling after MI. Currently, there is limited data available regarding the association of myocardial blood flow and αvβ3 integrin expression after myocardial infarction in humans. Methods Twelve patients were examined 31 ± 14 days after MI with PET/CT using [18F]Galacto-RGD and [13N]NH3 and with cardiac MRI including late enhancement on the same day. Normal myocardium (remote) and areas of infarction (lesion) were identified on the [18F]Galacto-RGD PET/CT images by correlation with [13N]NH3 PET and cardiac MRI. Lesion/liver-, lesion/blood-, and lesion/remote ratios were calculated. Blood flow and [18F]Galacto-RGD uptake were quantified and correlated for each myocardial segment (AHA 17-segment model). Results In 5 patients, increased [18F]Galacto-RGD uptake was notable within or adjacent to the infarction areas with a lesion/remote ratio of 46% (26–83%; lesion/blood 1.15 ± 0.06; lesion/liver 0.61 ± 0.18). [18F]Galacto-RGD uptake correlated significantly with infarct size (R = 0.73; p = 0.016). Moreover, it correlated significantly with restricted blood flow for all myocardial segments (R = − 0.39; p < 0.0001) and even stronger in severely hypoperfused areas (R = − 0.75; p < 0.0001). Conclusion [18F]Galacto-RGD PET/CT allows the visualization and quantification of myocardial αvβ3 expression as a key player in angiogenesis in a subset of patients after MI. αvβ3 expression was more pronounced in patients with larger infarcts and was generally more intense but not restricted to areas with more impaired blood flow, proving that tracer uptake was largely independent of unspecific perfusion effects. Based on these promising results, larger prospective studies are warranted to evaluate the potential of αvβ3 imaging for assessment of myocardial angiogenesis and prediction of ventricular remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus R Makowski
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christoph Rischpler
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany. .,Clinic for Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45147, Essen, Germany.
| | | | - Alexandra Keithahn
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Markus Kasel
- Department of Cardiology, Klinikum Bogenhausen, Munich, Germany
| | - Ellen Hoffmann
- Department of Cardiology, Klinikum Bogenhausen, Munich, Germany
| | - Tienush Rassaf
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Horst Kessler
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Study and Center of Integrated Protein Science, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Hans-Jürgen Wester
- Pharmaceutical Radiochemistry, Technical University of Munich, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
| | - Stephan G Nekolla
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Markus Schwaiger
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ambros J Beer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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Positron Emission Tomography and Molecular Imaging of Head and Neck Malignancies. CURRENT RADIOLOGY REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s40134-020-00366-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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36
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Shukla M, Forghani R, Agarwal M. Patient-Centric Head and Neck Cancer Radiation Therapy: Role of Advanced Imaging. Neuroimaging Clin N Am 2020; 30:341-357. [PMID: 32600635 DOI: 10.1016/j.nic.2020.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The traditional 'one-size-fits-all' approach to H&N cancer therapy is archaic. Advanced imaging can identify radioresistant areas by using biomarkers that detect tumor hypoxia, hypercellularity etc. Highly conformal radiotherapy can target resistant areas with precision. The critical information that can be gleaned about tumor biology from these advanced imaging modalities facilitates individualized radiotherapy. The tumor imaging world is pushing its boundaries. Molecular imaging can now detect protein expression and genotypic variations across tumors that can be exploited for tailoring treatment. The exploding field of radiomics and radiogenomics extracts quantitative, biologic and genetic information and further expands the scope of personalized therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Shukla
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Froedtert and Medical College of Wisconsin, 9200 W. Wisconsin Avenue, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Reza Forghani
- Augmented Intelligence & Precision Health Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, 1001 Decarie Boulevard, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Mohit Agarwal
- Department of Radiology, Section of Neuroradiology, Froedtert and Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.
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Abstract
With the emergence of new therapeutic modalities, the diagnosis of melanoma at the earliest practicable stage has become more important for improving the survival of patients. We developed a positron emission tomography (PET) imaging probe, N-(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl)-5-[18F]fluoropicolinamide ([18F]DMPY2) and evaluated diagnostic performance in animal models. [18F]DMPY2 PET exhibited excellent performance in detecting primary and metastatic melanomas, demonstrating strong/prolonged tumoral uptake and rapid background clearance. This suggests that this radiotracer could be used as a novel PET imaging agent to obtain outstanding image quality in the diagnosis of melanoma. This is the pioneering report of pyridine-based benzamide derivative with reduced alkyl chains in the amine residue and ultrasensitive detection of melanoma lesions in living subjects compared to conventional PET imaging agents. Malignant melanoma has one of the highest mortality rates of any cancer because of its aggressive nature and high metastatic potential. Clinical staging of the disease at the time of diagnosis is very important for the prognosis and outcome of melanoma treatment. In this study, we designed and synthesized the 18F-labeled pyridine-based benzamide derivatives N-(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl)-5-[18F]fluoropicolinamide ([18F]DMPY2) and N-(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl)-6-[18F]fluoronicotinamide ([18F]DMPY3) to detect primary and metastatic melanoma at an early stage and evaluated their performance in this task. [18F]DMPY2 and [18F]DMPY3 were synthesized by direct radiofluorination of the bromo precursor, and radiochemical yields were ∼15–20%. Cell uptakes of [18F]DMPY2 and [18F]DMPY3 were >103-fold and 18-fold higher, respectively, in B16F10 (mouse melanoma) cells than in negative control cells. Biodistribution studies revealed strong tumor uptake and retention of [18F]DMPY2 (24.8% injected dose per gram of tissue [ID/g] at 60 min) and [18F]DMPY3 (11.7%ID/g at 60 min) in B16F10 xenografts. MicroPET imaging of both agents demonstrated strong tumoral uptake/retention and rapid washout, resulting in excellent tumor-to-background contrast in B16F10 xenografts. In particular, [18F]DMPY2 clearly visualized almost all metastatic lesions in lung and lymph nodes, with excellent image quality. [18F]DMPY2 demonstrated a significantly higher tumor-to-liver ratio than [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose ([18F]FDG) and the previously reported benzamide tracers N-[2-(diethylamino)-ethyl]-5-[18F]fluoropicolinamide ([18F]P3BZA) and N-[2-(diethylamino)-ethyl]-4-[18F]fluorobenzamide ([18F]FBZA) in B16F10-bearing or SK-MEL-3 (human melanoma)-bearing mice. In conclusion, [18F]DMPY2 might have strong potential for the diagnosis of early stage primary and metastatic melanoma using positron emission tomography (PET).
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38
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[ 68Ga]-NODAGA-RGD Positron Emission Tomography (PET) for Assessment of Post Myocardial Infarction Angiogenesis as a Predictor for Left Ventricular Remodeling in Mice after Cardiac Stem Cell Therapy. Cells 2020; 9:cells9061358. [PMID: 32486211 PMCID: PMC7349714 DOI: 10.3390/cells9061358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis plays a central role in the healing process following acute myocardial infarction. The PET tracer [68Ga]-NODAGA-RGD, which is a ligand for the αvβ3 integrin, has been investigated for imaging angiogenesis in the process of healing myocardium in both animal and clinical studies. It’s value as a prognostic marker of functional outcome remains unclear. Therefore, the aim of this work was to establish [68Ga]-NODAGA-RGD for imaging angiogenesis in the murine infarct model and evaluate the tracer as a predictor for cardiac remodeling in the context of cardiac stem cell therapy. [68Ga]-NODAGA-RGD PET performed seven days after left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) occlusion in 129S6 mice showed intense tracer accumulation within the infarct region. The specificity was shown in a sub-group of animals by application of the competitive inhibitor cilengitide prior to tracer injection in a subgroup of animals. Myocardial infarction (MI) significantly reduced cardiac function and resulted in pronounced left ventricular remodeling after three weeks, as measured by cardiac MRI in a separate group. Cardiac induced cells (CiC) that were derived from mESC injected intramyocardially in the therapy group significantly improved left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). Surprisingly, CiC transplantation resulted in significantly lower tracer accumulation seven days after MI induction. Accordingly, we successfully established the PET tracer [68Ga]-NODAGA-RGD for the assessment of αvβ3 integrin expression in the healing process after MI in the mouse model. Yet, our results indicate that the mere extent of angiogenesis following MI does not serve as a sufficient prognostic marker for functional outcome.
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Isolation of an Anti-Tumour Disintegrin: Dabmaurin-1, a Peptide Lebein-1-Like, from Daboia mauritanica Venom. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12020102. [PMID: 32033352 PMCID: PMC7076848 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12020102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In the soft treatment of cancer tumours, consequent downregulation of the malignant tissue angiogenesis constitutes an efficient way to stifle tumour development and metastasis spreading. As angiogenesis requires integrin–promoting endothelial cell adhesion, migration, and vessel tube formation, integrins represent potential targets of new therapeutic anti–angiogenic agents. Our work is a contribution to the research of such therapeutic disintegrins in animal venoms. We report isolation of one peptide, named Dabmaurin–1, from the hemotoxic venom of snake Daboia mauritanica, and we evaluate its potential anti–tumour activity through in vitro inhibition of the human vascular endothelial cell HMECs functions involved in tumour angiogenesis. Dabmaurin–1 altered, in a dose–dependent manner, without any significant cytotoxicity, HMEC proliferation, adhesion, and their mesenchymal migration onto various extracellular matrix proteins, as well as formation of capillary–tube mimics on MatrigelTM. Via experiments involving HMEC or specific cancers cells integrins, we demonstrated that the above Dabmaurin–1 effects are possibly due to some anti–integrin properties. Dabmaurin–1 was demonstrated to recognize a broad panel of prooncogenic integrins (αvβ6, αvβ3 or αvβ5) and/or particularly involved in control of angiogenesis (α5β1, α6β4, αvβ3 or αvβ5). Furthermore, mass spectrometry and partial N–terminal sequencing of this peptide revealed, it is close to Lebein–1, a known anti–β1 disintegrin from Macrovipera lebetina venom. Therefore, our results show that if Dabmaurin–1 exhibits in vitro apparent anti–angiogenic effects at concentrations lower than 30 nM, it is likely because it acts as an anti–tumour disintegrin.
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Rangger C, Haubner R. Radiolabelled Peptides for Positron Emission Tomography and Endoradiotherapy in Oncology. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:E22. [PMID: 32019275 PMCID: PMC7169460 DOI: 10.3390/ph13020022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This review deals with the development of peptide-based radiopharmaceuticals for the use with positron emission tomography and peptide receptor radiotherapy. It discusses the pros and cons of this class of radiopharmaceuticals as well as the different labelling strategies, and summarises approaches to optimise metabolic stability. Additionally, it presents different target structures and addresses corresponding tracers, which are already used in clinical routine or are being investigated in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roland Haubner
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
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Telo S, Calderoni L, Vichi S, Zagni F, Castellucci P, Fanti S. Alternative and New Radiopharmaceutical Agents for Lung Cancer. Curr Radiopharm 2020; 13:185-194. [PMID: 31868150 PMCID: PMC8206190 DOI: 10.2174/1874471013666191223151402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND FDG PET/CT imaging has an established role in lung cancer (LC) management. Whilst it is a sensitive technique, FDG PET/CT has a limited specificity in the differentiation between LC and benign conditions and is not capable of defining LC heterogeneity since FDG uptake varies between histotypes. OBJECTIVE To get an overview of new radiopharmaceuticals for the study of cancer biology features beyond glucose metabolism in LC. METHODS A comprehensive literature review of PubMed/Medline was performed using a combination of the following keywords: "positron emission tomography", "lung neoplasms", "non-FDG", "radiopharmaceuticals", "tracers". RESULTS Evidences suggest that proliferation markers, such as 18F-Fluorothymidine and 11CMethionine, improve LC staging and are useful in evaluating treatment response and progression free survival. 68Ga-DOTA-peptides are already routinely used in pulmonary neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) management and should be firstly performed in suspected NENs. 18F-Fluoromisonidazole and other radiopharmaceuticals show a promising impact on staging, prognosis assessment and therapy response in LC patients, by visualizing hypoxia and perfusion. Radiolabeled RGD-peptides, targeting angiogenesis, may have a role in LC staging, treatment outcome and therapy. PET radiopharmaceuticals tracing a specific oncogene/signal pathway, such as EGFR or ALK, are gaining interest especially for therapeutic implications. Other PET tracers, like 68Ga-PSMA-peptides or radiolabeled FAPIs, need more development in LC, though, they are promising for therapy purposes. CONCLUSION To date, the employment of most of the described tracers is limited to the experimental field, however, research development may offer innovative opportunities to improve LC staging, characterization, stratification and response assessment in an era of increased personalized therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvi Telo
- Address correspondence to this author at the Department of Metropolitan Nuclear Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Tel/Fax: +390512143959; E-mail:
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Ahmad A, Khan F, Mishra RK, Khan R. Precision Cancer Nanotherapy: Evolving Role of Multifunctional Nanoparticles for Cancer Active Targeting. J Med Chem 2019; 62:10475-10496. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anas Ahmad
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Habitat Centre, Phase 10, Sector 64, Mohali 160062, Punjab, India
| | - Farheen Khan
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Habitat Centre, Phase 10, Sector 64, Mohali 160062, Punjab, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar Mishra
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Habitat Centre, Phase 10, Sector 64, Mohali 160062, Punjab, India
| | - Rehan Khan
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Habitat Centre, Phase 10, Sector 64, Mohali 160062, Punjab, India
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43
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Novy Z, Stepankova J, Hola M, Flasarova D, Popper M, Petrik M. Preclinical Evaluation of Radiolabeled Peptides for PET Imaging of Glioblastoma Multiforme. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24132496. [PMID: 31288488 PMCID: PMC6651196 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24132496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we have compared four 68Ga-labeled peptides (three Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) peptides and substance-P) with two 18F-tracers clinically approved for tumor imaging. We have studied in vitro and in vivo characteristics of selected radiolabeled tracers in a glioblastoma multiforme tumor model. The in vitro part of the study was mainly focused on the evaluation of radiotracers stability under various conditions. We have also determined in vivo stability of studied 68Ga-radiotracers by analysis of murine urine collected at various time points after injection. The in vivo behavior of tested 68Ga-peptides was evaluated through ex vivo biodistribution studies and PET/CT imaging. The obtained data were compared with clinically used 18F-tracers. 68Ga-RGD peptides showed better imaging properties compared to 18F-tracers, i.e., higher tumor/background ratios and no accumulation in non-target organs except for excretory organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zbynek Novy
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Jana Stepankova
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Hola
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Dominika Flasarova
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Popper
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Milos Petrik
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
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The Continuing Evolution of Molecular Functional Imaging in Clinical Oncology: The Road to Precision Medicine and Radiogenomics (Part I). Mol Diagn Ther 2019; 23:1-26. [PMID: 30411216 DOI: 10.1007/s40291-018-0366-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The present era of precision medicine sees 'cancer' as a consequence of molecular derangements occurring at the commencement of the disease process, with morphologic changes happening much later in the process of tumorigenesis. Conventional imaging techniques, such as computed tomography (CT), ultrasound, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), play an integral role in the detection of disease at a macroscopic level. However, molecular functional imaging (MFI) techniques entail the visualisation and quantification of biochemical and physiological processes occurring during tumorigenesis, and thus has the potential to play a key role in heralding the transition from the concept of 'one size fits all' to 'precision medicine'. Integration of MFI with other fields of tumour biology such as genomics has spawned a novel concept called 'radiogenomics', which could serve as an indispensable tool in translational cancer research. With recent advances in medical image processing, such as texture analysis, deep learning, and artificial intelligence (AI), the future seems promising; however, their clinical utility remains unproven at present. Despite the emergence of novel imaging biomarkers, a majority of these require validation before clinical translation is possible. In this two-part review, we discuss the systematic collaboration across structural, anatomical, and molecular imaging techniques that constitute MFI. Part I reviews positron emission tomography, radiogenomics, AI, and optical imaging, while part II reviews MRI, CT and ultrasound, their current status, and recent advances in the field of precision oncology.
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45
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Attia MF, Anton N, Wallyn J, Omran Z, Vandamme TF. An overview of active and passive targeting strategies to improve the nanocarriers efficiency to tumour sites. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 71:1185-1198. [PMID: 31049986 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.13098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 392] [Impact Index Per Article: 78.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This review highlights both the physicochemical characteristics of the nanocarriers (NCs) and the physiological features of tumour microenvironment (TME) to outline what strategies undertaken to deliver the molecules of interest specifically to certain lesions. This review discusses these properties describing the convenient choice between passive and active targeting mechanisms with details, illustrated with examples of targeting agents up to preclinical research or clinical advances. KEY FINDINGS Targeted delivery approaches for anticancers have shown a steep rise over the past few decades. Though many successful preclinical trials, only few passive targeted nanocarriers are approved for clinical use and none of the active targeted nanoparticles. Herein, we review the principles and for both processes and the correlation with the tumour microenvironment. We also focus on the limitation and advantages of each systems regarding laboratory and industrial scale. SUMMARY The current literature discusses how the NCs and the enhanced permeation and retention effect impact the passive targeting. Whereas the active targeting relies on the ligand-receptor binding, which improves selective accumulation to targeted sites and thus discriminates between the diseased and healthy tissues. The latter could be achieved by targeting the endothelial cells, tumour cells, the acidic environment of cancers and nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed F Attia
- CNRS, CAMB, UMR 7199, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA.,National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nicolas Anton
- CNRS, CAMB, UMR 7199, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Justine Wallyn
- CNRS, CAMB, UMR 7199, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Ziad Omran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Umm Al-Qura, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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46
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Davis RA, Drake C, Ippisch RC, Moore M, Sutcliffe JL. Fully automated peptide radiolabeling from [ 18F]fluoride. RSC Adv 2019; 9:8638-8649. [PMID: 35518701 PMCID: PMC9061836 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra10541c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The biological properties of receptor-targeted peptides have made them popular diagnostic imaging and therapeutic agents. Typically, the synthesis of fluorine-18 radiolabeled receptor-targeted peptides for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging is a time consuming, complex, multi-step synthetic process that is highly variable based on the peptide. The complexity associated with the radiolabeling route and lack of robust automated protocols can hinder translation into the clinic. A fully automated batch production to radiolabel three peptides (YGGFL, cRGDyK, and Pyr-QKLGNQWAVGHLM) from fluorine-18 using the ELIXYS FLEX/CHEM® radiosynthesizer in a two-step process is described. First, the prosthetic group, 6-[18F]fluoronicotinyl-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophenyl ester ([18F]FPy-TFP) was synthesized and subsequently attached to the peptide. The [18F]FPy-peptides were synthesized in 13-26% decay corrected yields from fluorine-18 with high molar activity 1-5 Ci μmol-1 and radiochemical purity of >99% in an overall synthesis time of 97 ± 3 minutes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan A Davis
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California Davis CA USA +1-916-734-7572 +1-916-734-5536.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis CA USA
| | | | - Robin C Ippisch
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis CA USA
| | | | - Julie L Sutcliffe
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California Davis CA USA +1-916-734-7572 +1-916-734-5536.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis CA USA.,Center for Molecular and Genomic Imaging, University of California Davis CA USA
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47
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Thoreau F, Vanwonterghem L, Henry M, Coll JL, Boturyn D. Design of RGD-ATWLPPR peptide conjugates for the dual targeting of α Vβ 3 integrin and neuropilin-1. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 16:4101-4107. [PMID: 29774910 DOI: 10.1039/c8ob00669e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Targeting the tumour microenvironment is a promising strategy to detect and/or treat cancer. The design of selective compounds that co-target several receptors frequently overexpressed in solid tumours may allow a reliable and selective detection of tumours. Here we report the modular synthesis of compounds encompassing ligands of αVβ3 integrin and neuropilin-1 that are overexpressed in the tumour microenvironment. These compounds were then evaluated through cellular experiments and imaging of tumours in mice. We observed that the peptide that displays both ligands is more specifically accumulating in the tumours than in controls. Simultaneous interaction with αVβ3 integrin and NRP1 induces NRP1 stabilization at the cell membrane surface which is not observed with the co-injection of the controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabien Thoreau
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Department of Molecular Chemistry, UMR 5250, F-38000 Grenoble, France.
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48
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Caporale A, Bolzati C, Incisivo GM, Salvarese N, Grieco P, Ruvo M. Improved synthesis on solid phase of dithiocarbamic cRGD-derivative and 99m Tc-radiolabelling. J Pept Sci 2019; 25:e3140. [PMID: 30680876 DOI: 10.1002/psc.3140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 10/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
In the field of angiogenesis, small cyclic pentapeptides containing the RGD motif are playing a relevant role for their high affinity and specificity for integrin receptors and for the possibility to act at both therapeutic and diagnostic level by inhibiting pathological angiogenesis and by serving as shuttles to deliver imaging-probe including SPECT/PET radionuclides to specific tissues. In the last decade, several new protocols were reported in literature for the direct synthesis of cyclic RDG either in solution or by SPPS. Here, we have elaborated and tested some alternative approaches using different resins and different protective groups. The introduction of the dithiocarbamate function, useful to complex radio-metals suitable for nuclear medicine applications, has also been considered and achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Caporale
- IBB-CNR, Naples, 80134, Italy.,Univ. di Napoli "Federico II", CIRPeB, Naples, 80134, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Paolo Grieco
- Univ. di Napoli "Federico II", CIRPeB, Naples, 80134, Italy.,Dept. Pharmacy, Univ. di Napoli "Federico II", Naples, 80131, Italy
| | - Menotti Ruvo
- IBB-CNR, Naples, 80134, Italy.,Univ. di Napoli "Federico II", CIRPeB, Naples, 80134, Italy
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Diagnostic and Predictive Value of Using RGD PET/CT in Patients with Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:8534761. [PMID: 30733968 PMCID: PMC6348803 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8534761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to assess the diagnostic value of arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) PET/CT for tumor detection in patients with suspected malignant lesions and to determine the predictive performance of RGD PET/CT in identifying responders. Methods. The PubMed (Medline), EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases were systematically searched for potentially relevant publications (last updated on July 28th, 2018) reporting the performance of RGD PET in the field of oncology. Pooled sensitivities, specificities, and diagnostic odds ratios (DORs) were calculated for parameters. The areas under the curve (AUCs) and Q⁎ index scores were determined from the constructed summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) curve. We explored heterogeneity by metaregression. Results. Nine studies, five including 216 patients that determined diagnostic performance and three including 75 patients that determined the predictive value of parameters, met our inclusion criteria. The pooled sensitivity, pooled specificity, DOR, AUC, and Q⁎ index score of RGD PET/CT for the detection of underlying malignancy were 0.85 (0.79-0.89), 0.93 (0.90-0.96), 48.35 (18.95-123.33), 0.9262 (standard error=0.0216), and 0.8606 for SUVmax and 0.86 (0.80-0.91), 0.92 (0.88-0.94), 40.49 (14.16-115.77), 0.9312 (SE=0.0177), and 0.8665 for SUVmean, respectively. The pooled sensitivity, pooled specificity, DOR, AUC, and Q⁎ index score of RGD PET/CT for identifying responders were 0.80 (0.59-0.93), 0.74 (0.60-0.85), 15.76 (4.33-57.32), 0.8682 (0.0539), and 0.7988, respectively, for SUVmax at baseline. Conclusion. The interesting but preliminary data in this meta-analysis demonstrate that RGD PET/CT may be an ideal diagnostic tool for detecting underlying malignancies in patients suspected of having tumors and may be able to efficiently predict short-term outcomes.
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50
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Andriu A, Crockett J, Dall'Angelo S, Piras M, Zanda M, Fleming IN. Binding of α vβ 3 Integrin-Specific Radiotracers Is Modulated by Both Integrin Expression Level and Activation Status. Mol Imaging Biol 2018; 20:27-36. [PMID: 28695371 PMCID: PMC5775384 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-017-1100-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Molecular imaging of αvβ3 integrin has exhibited real potential to guide the appropriate use of anti-angiogenic therapies. However, an incomplete understanding of the factors that influence binding of αvβ3 integrin-specific radiotracers currently limits their use for assessing response to therapy in cancer patients. This study identifies two fundamental factors that modulate uptake of these radiotracers. Procedures Experiments were performed in prostate cancer (PC3) and glioblastoma (U87MG) cells, which differentially express αvβ3 integrin. αvβ3 integrin-specific radiotracers were used to investigate the effect of manipulating αvβ3 integrin expression or activation in cellular binding assays. β3 integrin and αvβ3 integrin expression were measured by western blotting and flow cytometry, respectively. The effect of select pharmacological inhibitors on αvβ3 integrin activation and expression was also determined. RESULTS Radiotracer binding was proportional to αvβ3 integrin expression when it was decreased (β3 knock-down cells) or increased, either using pharmacological inhibitors of cell signalling or by culturing cells for different times. Studies with both small molecule and arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD)-based radiotracers revealed increased radiotracer binding after activation of αvβ3 integrin with Mn2+ or talin head domain. Moreover, inhibition of fundamental signalling pathways (mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK), Src and VEGFR2) decreased radiotracer binding, reflecting reduced αvβ3 integrin activity. CONCLUSION Binding of small molecule ligands and radiolabelled RGD peptides is modulated by expression and activation status of αvβ3 integrin. αvβ3 integrin-specific radiotracers can provide otherwise inaccessible information of the effect of signalling pathways on αvβ3 integrin. This has significant implications for assessing response to anti-angiogenic therapies in clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Andriu
- Aberdeen Biomedical Imaging Centre, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Julie Crockett
- Arthritis and Musculoskeletal Medicine Research Programme, Division of Applied Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Sergio Dall'Angelo
- Kosterlitz Centre for Therapeutics, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Monica Piras
- Kosterlitz Centre for Therapeutics, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Matteo Zanda
- Kosterlitz Centre for Therapeutics, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Ian N Fleming
- Aberdeen Biomedical Imaging Centre, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK.
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