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Zheng Z, Liu H, Liu S, Luo E, Liu X. Mesenchymal stem cells in craniofacial reconstruction: a comprehensive review. Front Mol Biosci 2024; 11:1362338. [PMID: 38690295 PMCID: PMC11058977 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2024.1362338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Craniofacial reconstruction faces many challenges, including high complexity, strong specificity, severe injury, irregular and complex wounds, and high risk of bleeding. Traditionally, the "gold standard" for treating craniofacial bone defects has been tissue transplantation, which involves the transplantation of bone, cartilage, skin, and other tissues from other parts of the body. However, the shape of craniofacial bone and cartilage structures varies greatly and is distinctly different from ordinary long bones. Craniofacial bones originate from the neural crest, while long bones originate from the mesoderm. These factors contribute to the poor effectiveness of tissue transplantation in repairing craniofacial defects. Autologous mesenchymal stem cell transplantation exhibits excellent pluripotency, low immunogenicity, and minimally invasive properties, and is considered a potential alternative to tissue transplantation for treating craniofacial defects. Researchers have found that both craniofacial-specific mesenchymal stem cells and mesenchymal stem cells from other parts of the body have significant effects on the restoration and reconstruction of craniofacial bones, cartilage, wounds, and adipose tissue. In addition, the continuous development and application of tissue engineering technology provide new ideas for craniofacial repair. With the continuous exploration of mesenchymal stem cells by researchers and the continuous development of tissue engineering technology, the use of autologous mesenchymal stem cell transplantation for craniofacial reconstruction has gradually been accepted and promoted. This article will review the applications of various types of mesenchymal stem cells and related tissue engineering in craniofacial repair and reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - En Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Center for Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Center for Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Li P, Dai J, Li Y, Alexander D, Čapek J, Geis-Gerstorfer J, Wan G, Han J, Yu Z, Li A. Zinc based biodegradable metals for bone repair and regeneration: Bioactivity and molecular mechanisms. Mater Today Bio 2024; 25:100932. [PMID: 38298560 PMCID: PMC10826336 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Bone fractures and critical-size bone defects are significant public health issues, and clinical treatment outcomes are closely related to the intrinsic properties of the utilized implant materials. Zinc (Zn)-based biodegradable metals (BMs) have emerged as promising bioactive materials because of their exceptional biocompatibility, appropriate mechanical properties, and controllable biodegradation. This review summarizes the state of the art in terms of Zn-based metals for bone repair and regeneration, focusing on bridging the gap between biological mechanism and required bioactivity. The molecular mechanism underlying the release of Zn ions from Zn-based BMs in the improvement of bone repair and regeneration is elucidated. By integrating clinical considerations and the specific bioactivity required for implant materials, this review summarizes the current research status of Zn-based internal fixation materials for promoting fracture healing, Zn-based scaffolds for regenerating critical-size bone defects, and Zn-based barrier membranes for reconstituting alveolar bone defects. Considering the significant progress made in the research on Zn-based BMs for potential clinical applications, the challenges and promising research directions are proposed and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Li
- Center of Oral Implantology, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, South Jiangnan Road No. 366, Guangzhou 510280, China
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Oral Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510182, China
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510182, China
| | - Jingtao Dai
- Department of Orthodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, South Jiangnan Road No. 366, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Yageng Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Dorothea Alexander
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Tübingen, Osianderstrasse 2-8, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Jaroslav Čapek
- FZU – the Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Na Slovance 1999/2, Prague 8, 18200, Czech Republic
| | - Jürgen Geis-Gerstorfer
- Section Medical Materials Science and Technology, University Hospital Tübingen, Osianderstrasse 2-8, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Guojiang Wan
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Jianmin Han
- National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Department of Dental Materials, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zhentao Yu
- Institute of Advanced Wear & Corrosion Resistant and Functional Materials, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - An Li
- Department of Periodontology, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, South Jiangnan Road 366, Guangzhou 510280, China
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Chukaew S, Parivatphun T, Thonglam J, Khangkhamano M, Meesane J, Kokoo R. Biphasic scaffolds of polyvinyl alcohol/gelatin reinforced with polycaprolactone as biomedical materials supporting for bone augmentation based on anatomical mimicking; fabrication, characterization, physical and mechanical properties, and in vitro testing. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2023; 143:105933. [PMID: 37257314 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2023.105933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Reinforced biphasic scaffolds were fabricated with based materials design of anatomical mimicking and evaluated to identify the certain application for maxillofacial surgery. The scaffolds created the polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) with a percentage of gelatin of 5% and were coated with polycaprolactone (PCL) that a different number of cycles 0, 1, 5, 10, and 15 cycles (PCL0, PCL1, PCL5, PCL10, and PCL15 were used to fabricate biphasic scaffolds via bubbling and freeze-thawing before reinforce with immersion coating techniques. The structure and morphology of the scaffolds were characterized and observed by a scanning electron microscope, a differential scanning calorimeter, and a thermogravimetric analyzer, respectively. The performance of the scaffolds was tested in terms of their swelling behavior, degradation, and mechanical properties. They were cultured with MC3T3E1 osteoblast cells and L929 fibroblast cells. The main biological performance of cell proliferation was analyzed, and protein synthesis, calcium synthesis, and alkaline phosphatase activity of the scaffolds were studied. Their morphology demonstrated fewer pores when coated with PCL. Mechanical strength of the modified scaffolds increased followed by the cycles of coating with PCL. The scaffolds with more cycle of PCL coating lower swelling and degradability than without PCL coating. They had more thermal stability than the scaffold without PCL coating. The scaffolds with PCL coating demonstrated better bio-functionality to activate cell response than without coating. Finally, the result exhibited that PCL10 provide a suitably reinforced biphasic scaffold with high promise for maxillofacial surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sittichat Chukaew
- Department of Mining and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand
| | - Tanchanok Parivatphun
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand
| | - Jutakan Thonglam
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok, 10800, Thailand
| | - Matthana Khangkhamano
- Department of Mining and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand.
| | - Jirut Meesane
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand.
| | - Rungrote Kokoo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok, 10800, Thailand
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Hyaluronic acid hydrogels support to generate integrated bone formation through endochondral ossification in vivo using mesenchymal stem cells. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0281345. [PMID: 36730328 PMCID: PMC9894498 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Engineered cartilage tissue from differentiated mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can generate bone in vivo through endochondral ossification (ECO). This ECO-mediated approach has the potential to circumvent the severe problems associated with conventional MSC-based bone tissue engineering techniques that lack mechanisms to induce angiogenesis. Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a key component in the cartilage extracellular matrix. However, the ECO-supporting properties of HA remain largely unclear. This study aimed to compare the ability of HA and collagen hydrogels to support in vitro differentiation of MSC-based hypertrophic cartilage tissues and to promote endochondral bone formation in vivo. Following the chondrogenic and hypertrophic differentiation in vitro, both HA and collagen constructs accumulated sulfated glycosaminoglycan (sGAG) and type 1, type II, and type X collagen. However, HA hydrogels exhibited a more uniform distribution of sGAG, type 1 collagen, type X collagen, and osteocalcin proteins; in addition, the cells embedded in the hydrogels had more rounded cell morphologies than those in the collagen constructs. At week 5 of in vitro culture, two to three constructs were implanted into a subcutaneous pocket in nude mice and harvested after 4 and 8 weeks. Both HA and collagen constructs promoted endochondral bone formation with vascularization and bone marrow development; however, the HA constructs fused to form integrated bone tissues and the bone marrow developed along the space between the two adhered grafts in all implanted pockets (n = 5). In the collagen constructs, the integration was observed in 40% of the pockets (n = 5). Microcomputer CT analysis revealed that the bone volume of HA constructs was larger than that of collagen constructs. In conclusion, compared to collagen hydrogels, HA hydrogels had superior potential to generate integrated bone with vascularization and bone marrow development. This study provides valuable insights for applying ECO-mediated bone tissue engineering approaches for the repair of critical-sized bone defects.
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Pitacco P, Sadowska JM, O'Brien FJ, Kelly DJ. 3D bioprinting of cartilaginous templates for large bone defect healing. Acta Biomater 2023; 156:61-74. [PMID: 35907556 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Damaged or diseased bone can be treated using autografts or a range of different bone grafting biomaterials, however limitations with such approaches has motivated increased interest in developmentally inspired bone tissue engineering (BTE) strategies that seek to recapitulate the process of endochondral ossification (EO) as a means of regenerating critically sized defects. The clinical translation of such strategies will require the engineering of scaled-up, geometrically defined hypertrophic cartilage grafts that can be rapidly vascularised and remodelled into bone in mechanically challenging defect environments. The goal of this study was to 3D bioprint mechanically reinforced cartilaginous templates and to assess their capacity to regenerate critically sized femoral bone defects. Human mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (hMSCs) were incorporated into fibrin based bioinks and bioprinted into polycaprolactone (PCL) frameworks to produce mechanically reinforced constructs. Chondrogenic priming of such hMSC laden constructs was required to support robust vascularisation and graft mineralisation in vivo following their subcutaneous implantation into nude mice. With a view towards maximising their potential to support endochondral bone regeneration, we next explored different in vitro culture regimes to produce chondrogenic and early hypertrophic engineered grafts. Following their implantation into femoral bone defects within transiently immunosuppressed rats, such bioprinted constructs were rapidly remodelled into bone in vivo, with early hypertrophic constructs supporting higher levels of vascularisation and bone formation compared to the chondrogenic constructs. Such early hypertrophic bioprinted constructs also supported higher levels of vascularisation and spatially distinct patterns of new formation compared to BMP-2 loaded collagen scaffolds (here used as a positive control). In conclusion, this study demonstrates that fibrin based bioinks support chondrogenesis of hMSCs in vitro, which enables the bioprinting of mechanically reinforced hypertrophic cartilaginous templates capable of supporting large bone defect regeneration. These results support the use of 3D bioprinting as a strategy to scale-up the engineering of developmentally inspired templates for BTE. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Despite the promise of developmentally inspired tissue engineering strategies for bone regeneration, there are still challenges that need to be addressed to enable clinical translation. This work reports the development and assessment (in vitro and in vivo) of a 3D bioprinting strategy to engineer mechanically-reinforced cartilaginous templates for large bone defect regeneration using human MSCs. Using distinct in vitro priming protocols, it was possible to generate cartilage grafts with altered phenotypes. More hypertrophic grafts, engineered in vitro using TGF-β3 and BMP-2, supported higher levels of blood vessel infiltration and accelerated bone regeneration in vivo. This study also identifies some of the advantages and disadvantages of such endochondral bone TE strategies over the direct delivery of BMP-2 from collagen-based scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierluca Pitacco
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Joanna M Sadowska
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Tissue Engineering Research Group, Dept. of Anatomy & Regenerative Medicine Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Ireland.
| | - Fergal J O'Brien
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Tissue Engineering Research Group, Dept. of Anatomy & Regenerative Medicine Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Ireland.
| | - Daniel J Kelly
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Tissue Engineering Research Group, Dept. of Anatomy & Regenerative Medicine Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Ireland.
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Zhao H, Liu C, Liu Y, Ding Q, Wang T, Li H, Wu H, Ma T. Harnessing electromagnetic fields to assist bone tissue engineering. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:7. [PMID: 36631880 PMCID: PMC9835389 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-03217-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone tissue engineering (BTE) emerged as one of the exceptional means for bone defects owing to it providing mechanical supports to guide bone tissue regeneration. Great advances have been made to facilitate the success of BTE in regenerating bone within defects. The use of externally applied fields has been regarded as an alternative strategy for BTE. Electromagnetic fields (EMFs), known as a simple and non-invasive therapy, can remotely provide electric and magnetic stimulation to cells and biomaterials, thus applying EMFs to assist BTE would be a promising strategy for bone regeneration. When combined with BTE, EMFs improve cell adhesion to the material surface by promoting protein adsorption. Additionally, EMFs have positive effects on mesenchymal stem cells and show capabilities of pro-angiogenesis and macrophage polarization manipulation. These advantages of EMFs indicate that it is perfectly suitable for representing the adjuvant treatment of BTE. We also summarize studies concerning combinations of EMFs and diverse biomaterial types. The strategy of combining EMFs and BTE receives encouraging outcomes and holds a promising future for effectively treating bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongqi Zhao
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 Hubei China
| | - Chaoxu Liu
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 Hubei China
| | - Yang Liu
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 Hubei China
| | - Qing Ding
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 Hubei China
| | - Tianqi Wang
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 Hubei China
| | - Hao Li
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030 Hubei China
| | - Hua Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
| | - Tian Ma
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
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Guo T, Yuan X, Li X, Liu Y, Zhou J. Bone regeneration of mouse critical-sized calvarial defects with human mesenchymal stem cell sheets co-expressing BMP2 and VEGF. J Dent Sci 2023; 18:135-144. [PMID: 36643246 PMCID: PMC9831827 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2022.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/purpose Over-dependence on existing synthetic scaffolds and insufficient osteoinductive and vasculogenic growth factors have limited the development of bone regeneration. The study aimed to assess the feasibility of using marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) cell sheets co-expressing bone morphogenetic proteins 2 (BMP2) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) for repairing critical-sized calvarial defects. Materials and methods BMSCs cell sheets were genetically engineered to express BMP2/VEGF alone or together. Alterations in osteogenic markers were examined by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and western blotting. A critical-sized calvarial bone defect model was used to investigate the osteogenesis effects of BMP2/VEGF cell sheets alone or in combination. The efficacy was assessed with micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) and histology. Results In vitro, the expression of BMP2 and VEGF through lentiviral transduction was confirmed by qRT-PCR and western blotting against BMP2 and VEGF. Lentiviral delivery of BMP2 and VEGF resulted in the upregulation of osteogenic markers. In vivo, in a critical-sized calvarial bone defect model, 3D-reconstructed micro-CT images revealed that treatment of the calvarial defects with the BMP2/VEGF cell sheet resulted in significantly greater amounts of newly formed bone at 8 weeks after surgery than treatment with cell sheets with single gene transduction or vehicle controls. The results were confirmed by histological assessment by H&E staining and Masson staining. Conclusion This study demonstrates that BMP2/VEGF co-expressing BMSCs sheets promote bone regeneration in critical-sized calvarial bone defects. The BMP2/VEGF cell sheets provide a functional bioactive scaffold for critical-size bone reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Guo
- Department of General Dentistry and Emergency Dental Care, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China,Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xiaohong Yuan
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yi Liu
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China,Immunology Research Center for Oral and Systemic Health, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China,Corresponding author. Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Tian Tan Xi Li No. 4, Beijing 100050, PR China.
| | - Jian Zhou
- Department of VIP Dental Service, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China,Corresponding author. Department of VIP Dental Service, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Tian Tan Xi Li No. 4, Beijing 100050, PR China.
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Yao Y, Jiang Y, Song J, Wang R, Li Z, Yang L, Wu W, Zhang L, Peng Q. Exosomes as Potential Functional Nanomaterials for Tissue Engineering. Adv Healthc Mater 2022:e2201989. [PMID: 36253093 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202201989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes are cell-derived extracellular vesicles of 40-160 nm diameter, which carry numerous biomolecules and transmit information between cells. They are used as functional nanomaterials with great potential in biomedical areas, such as active agents and delivery systems for advanced drug delivery and disease therapy. In recent years, potential applications of exosomes in tissue engineering have attracted significant attention, and some critical progress has been made. This review gives a complete picture of exosomes and their applications in the regeneration of various tissues, such as the central nervous systems, kidney, bone, cartilage, heart, and endodontium. Approaches employed for modifying exosomes to equip them with excellent targeting capacity are summarized. Furthermore, current concerns and future outlook of exosomes in tissue engineering are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No.14, Block 3, Renmin Road South, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Yuhuan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No.14, Block 3, Renmin Road South, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Jialu Song
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No.14, Block 3, Renmin Road South, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Ruojing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No.14, Block 3, Renmin Road South, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Zhaoping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No.14, Block 3, Renmin Road South, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Lei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No.14, Block 3, Renmin Road South, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Weimin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No.14, Block 3, Renmin Road South, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Luyue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No.14, Block 3, Renmin Road South, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No.14, Block 3, Renmin Road South, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
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Delayed Supplementation Strategy of Extracellular Vesicles from Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells with Improved Proregenerative Efficiency in a Fat Transplantation Model. Stem Cells Int 2022; 2022:2799844. [PMID: 36117725 PMCID: PMC9476248 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2799844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) and their secreted extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) possess similar proregenerative effects when injected into defects immediately following trauma. However, MSC-EVs are superior to MSCs in terms of storage and rejection reflection, while immediate administration of MSC-EVs is related to several target cells for most donor cells die within few weeks. Besides, the inflammatory cascade is incited, providing an unfavorable environment for target cells. We hypothesized that delayed injection of MSC-EVs might have priority on tissue regeneration than instant injection. Method Extracellular vesicles isolated from adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (ADSC-EVs) were administered into human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in vitro at different doses. The migration of HUVECs was assessed using the scratch wound healing assay, whereas the length of tubes and number of vessel-like structures formed by HUVECs were determined using tube formation assay. Next, 24 BALB/c nude mice were randomly divided into three groups (n = 8). For the EV-delayed group, ADSC-EVs were injected into transplanted fat a week later than the EV-immediate group. The volume and weight of grafts were measured at 3 months after fat transplantation. Further, the number of CD31-possitive vessels and CD206-possitive cells in the fat grafts was quantified. Results Compared with the EV-immediate group, the EV-delayed group had a higher fat tissue retention volume (0.11 ± 0.02 mL versus 0.08 ± 0.01 mL), more neovessels (31.00 ± 4.60 versus 24.20 ± 3.97), and fewer cysts. Furthermore, there were more Ki67-positive cells (25.40 ± 7.14 versus 16.20 ± 4.17) and CD206-positive M2 macrophages cells (23.60 ± 3.44 versus 14.00 ± 3.85) in the EV-delayed group than in the EV-immediate group. Conclusion Delayed injection of ADSC-EVs promotes fat graft volume retention by stimulating angiogenesis. These findings suggest that delayed supplementation might be a more effective strategy for the application of MSC-EVs in tissue regeneration.
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Nadine S, Correia CR, Mano JF. Engineering immunomodulatory hydrogels and cell-laden systems towards bone regeneration. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2022; 140:213058. [PMID: 35933955 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.213058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The well-known synergetic interplay between the skeletal and immune systems has changed the design of advanced bone tissue engineering strategies. The immune system is essential during the bone lifetime, with macrophages playing multiple roles in bone healing and biomaterial integration. If in the past, the most valuable aspect of implants was to avoid immune responses of the host, nowadays, it is well-established how important are the crosstalks between immune cells and bone-engineered niches for an efficient regenerative process to occur. For that, it is essential to recapitulate the multiphenotypic cellular environment of bone tissue when designing new approaches. Indeed, the lack of osteoimmunomodulatory knowledge may be the explanation for the poor translation of biomaterials into clinical practice. Thus, smarter hydrogels incorporating immunomodulatory bioactive factors, stem cells, and immune cells are being proposed to develop a new generation of bone tissue engineering strategies. This review highlights the power of immune cells to upgrade the development of innovative engineered strategies, mainly focusing on orthopaedic and dental applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Nadine
- CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Clara R Correia
- CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - João F Mano
- CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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Zhang Y, Zhang M, Cheng D, Xu S, Du C, Xie L, Zhao W. Applications of electrospun scaffolds with enlarged pores in tissue engineering. Biomater Sci 2022; 10:1423-1447. [DOI: 10.1039/d1bm01651b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Despite electrospinning has multiple advantages over other methods such as creating materials with superfine fiber diameter, high specific surface area, and good mechanical properties, the pore diameter of scaffolds prepared...
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12
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PCL-PEG copolymer based injectable thermosensitive hydrogels. J Control Release 2022; 343:217-236. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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13
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Assessment of the effect of silica calcium phosphate nanocomposite on mesenchymal stromal cell differentiation and bone regeneration in critical size defect. Saudi Dent J 2021; 33:1119-1125. [PMID: 34938057 PMCID: PMC8665165 DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2021.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The research was designed to assess silica calcium phosphate nanocomposite (SCPC) biocompatibility and bioactivity as an osteoinductive scaffold and cell carrier. Consequently, the ability of cell seeded SCPC implant to regenerate a critical size defect in rat calvarium. Materials and Methods The study was conducted in two parts. A series of in vitro experiments on bone marrow stromal cells (MSCs) seeded in the SCPC scaffold evaluated cell attachment, proliferation and osteogenic differentiation. In the second part, a cell seeded SCPC construct was implanted in rat calvarium and bone regeneration was assessed by histological examination to evaluate the newly formed bone quality and the residual graft volume. Results In vitro experimentation revealed that MSCs cultured on SCPC maintained viability and proliferation when seeded into the SCPC. Scanning electron microscopy demonstrated cell adhesion and calcium appetite formation, MSCs differentiated towards the osteogenic lineage as indicated by the upregulation of RUNX2, ALP, Col1a1 markers. Histological examination showed regeneration from the periphery and core of the defect with new bone formation at different stages of maturation. Conclusion Regenerative medicine delivers promising solutions and technologies for application in craniofacial reconstruction. SCPC scaffold has the potential to be used as a cell carrier to achieve stem cell-based bone regeneration, which provides a viable alternative for treatment of challenging critical size defect.
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Abstract
Periodontal disease is one of the most common diagnoses in small animal veterinary medicine. This infectious disease of the periodontium is characterized by the inflammation and destruction of the supporting structures of teeth, including periodontal ligament, cementum, and alveolar bone. Traditional periodontal repair techniques make use of open flap debridement, application of graft materials, and membranes to prevent epithelial downgrowth and formation of a long junctional epithelium, which inhibits regeneration and true healing. These techniques have variable efficacy and are made more challenging in veterinary patients due to the cost of treatment for clients, need for anesthesia for surgery and reevaluation, and difficulty in performing necessary diligent home care to maintain oral health. Tissue engineering focuses on methods to regenerate the periodontal apparatus and not simply to repair the tissue, with the possibility of restoring normal physiological functions and health to a previously diseased site. This paper examines tissue engineering applications in periodontal disease by discussing experimental studies that focus on dogs and other animal species where it could potentially be applied in veterinary medicine. The main areas of focus of tissue engineering are discussed, including scaffolds, signaling molecules, stem cells, and gene therapy. To date, although outcomes can still be unpredictable, tissue engineering has been proven to successfully regenerate lost periodontal tissues and this new possibility for treating veterinary patients is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Ward
- Eastside Veterinary Dentistry, Woodinville, WA, USA
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15
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Schott NG, Stegemann JP. Coculture of Endothelial and Stromal Cells to Promote Concurrent Osteogenesis and Vasculogenesis. Tissue Eng Part A 2021; 27:1376-1386. [PMID: 33599160 PMCID: PMC8827126 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2020.0330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A key challenge in the treatment of large bone defects is the need to provide an adequate and stable vascular supply as new tissue develops. Bone tissue engineering applies selected biomaterials and cell types to create an environment that promotes tissue formation, maturation, and remodeling. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have been widely used in these strategies because of their established effects on bone formation, and their ability to act as stabilizing pericytes that support vascular regeneration by endothelial cells (ECs). However, the creation of vascularized bone tissue in vitro requires coupling of osteogenesis and vasculogenesis in a three-dimensional (3D) biomaterial environment. In the present study, 3D fibrin hydrogels containing MSCs and ECs were prevascularized in vitro for 7 days to create an endothelial network in the matrix, and were subsequently cultured for a further 14 days under either continued vasculogenic stimulus, a combination of vasculogenic and osteogenic (hybrid) stimulus, or only osteogenic stimulus. It was found that ECs produced robust vessel networks in 3D fibrin matrices over 7 days of culture, and these networks continued to expand over the 14-day treatment period under vasculogenic conditions. Culture in hybrid medium resulted in maintenance of vessel networks for 14 days, while osteogenic culture abrogated vessel formation. These trends were mirrored in data representing overall cell viability and cell number in the 3D fibrin constructs. MSCs were found to colocalize with EC networks under vasculogenic and hybrid conditions, suggesting pericyte-like function. The bone marker alkaline phosphatase increased over time in hybrid and osteogenic media, but mineral deposition was evident only under purely osteogenic conditions. These results suggest that hybrid media compositions can support some aspects of multiphase tissue formation, but that alternative strategies are needed to obtain robust, concomitant vascularization, and osteogenesis in engineered tissues in vitro. Impact statement The combined use of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) and endothelial cells to concomitantly produce mature bone and a nourishing vasculature is a promising tissue engineering approach to treating large bone defects. However, it is challenging to create and maintain vascular networks in the presence of osteogenic cues. This study used a 3D fibrin matrix to demonstrate that prevascularization of the construct can lead to maintenance of vessel structures over time, but that osteogenesis is compromised under these conditions. This work illuminates the capacity of MSCs to serve as both supportive pericytes and as osteoprogenitor cells, and motivates new strategies for coupling osteogenesis and vasculogenesis in engineered bone tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas G. Schott
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jan P. Stegemann
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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Galván-Chacón VP, Costa L, Barata D, Habibovic P. Droplet microfluidics as a tool for production of bioactive calcium phosphate microparticles with controllable physicochemical properties. Acta Biomater 2021; 128:486-501. [PMID: 33882356 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Affordable and therapeutically effective biomaterials are required for successful treatment of orthopaedic critical-size bone defects. Calcium phosphate (CaP) ceramics are widely used for bone repair and regeneration, however, further optimization of their properties and biological performance is still required. To improve the existing CaP bone graft substitutes, novel synthesis and production approaches are needed that provide a fine control over the chemical and physical properties and versatility in the delivery format. In this study, a microfluidic strategy for production of CaP microparticles with different sizes derived from highly monodisperse droplets is proposed for the controlled synthesis of bioactive CaP ceramics. Microfluidic droplets, that served as microreactors for CaP precipitation, allowed the production of different CaP phases, as well as strontium-substituted CaP. By varying the concentration of the precursor solution, microparticles with different porosity were obtained. The droplet microfluidic system allowed direct visualization and quantification of the reaction kinetics. Upon production and purification of the microparticles, the biocompatibility and bioactivity were tested in vitro using human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs). Cell attachment was analysed by imaging of the cytoskeleton and focal adhesions Moreover, cell proliferation, metabolic activity, alkaline phosphatase activity and mRNA expression of a set of osteogenic markers were quantified. We demonstrated that droplet microfluidics is a functional technique for the synthesis of a range of bioactive CaP-based ceramics with controlled properties. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Calcium phosphate (CaP) ceramics are widely applied synthetic biomaterials for repair and regeneration of damaged bone; yet, CaP bone graft substitutes require further improvement to fully replace natural bone grafts in challenging clinical situations. To this end, novel synthesis and production approaches are needed that provide a fine control over the chemical and physical properties. Here, we developed a microfluidic platform for production of CaP microparticles with different size, composition and porosity, derived from monodisperse droplets. We demonstrated that CaP microparticles produced using this platform supported growth and differentiation of human mesenchymal stromal cells. This platform is a useful tool for developing a variety of CaPs in a controlled manner to study their physicochemical properties in relation to their bioactivity.
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17
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Kim HD, Hong X, An YH, Park MJ, Kim DG, Greene AK, Padwa BL, Hwang NS, Lin RZ, Melero-Martin JM. A Biphasic Osteovascular Biomimetic Scaffold for Rapid and Self-Sustained Endochondral Ossification. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2100070. [PMID: 33882194 PMCID: PMC8273143 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202100070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Regeneration of large bones remains a challenge in surgery. Recent developmental engineering efforts aim to recapitulate endochondral ossification (EO), a critical step in bone formation. However, this process entails the condensation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into cartilaginous templates, which requires long-term cultures and is challenging to scale up. Here, a biomimetic scaffold is developed that allows rapid and self-sustained EO without initial hypertrophic chondrogenesis. The design comprises a porous chondroitin sulfate cryogel decorated with whitlockite calcium phosphate nanoparticles, and a soft hydrogel occupying the porous space. This composite scaffold enables human endothelial colony-forming cells (ECFCs) and MSCs to rapidly assemble into osteovascular niches in immunodeficient mice. These niches contain ECFC-lined blood vessels and perivascular MSCs that differentiate into RUNX2+ OSX+ pre-osteoblasts after one week in vivo. Subsequently, multiple ossification centers are formed, leading to de novo bone tissue formation by eight weeks, including mature human OCN+ OPN+ osteoblasts, collagen-rich mineralized extracellular matrix, hydroxyapatite, osteoclast activity, and gradual mechanical competence. The early establishment of blood vessels is essential, and grafts that do not contain ECFCs fail to produce osteovascular niches and ossification centers. The findings suggest a novel bioengineering approach to recapitulate EO in the context of human bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwan D. Kim
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju, 27469, Republic of Korea (H.D.K current address)
| | - Xuechong Hong
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Young-Hyeon An
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, BioMAX Institute, Institute of Chemical Processes, Institute of Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Mihn Jeong Park
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, BioMAX Institute, Institute of Chemical Processes, Institute of Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Gyoon Kim
- Division of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Arin K. Greene
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Plastic and Oral Surgery, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Bonnie L. Padwa
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Plastic and Oral Surgery, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Nathaniel S. Hwang
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, BioMAX Institute, Institute of Chemical Processes, Institute of Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ruei-Zeng Lin
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Juan M. Melero-Martin
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
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Cheng L, Suresh K S, He H, Rajput RS, Feng Q, Ramesh S, Wang Y, Krishnan S, Ostrovidov S, Camci-Unal G, Ramalingam M. 3D Printing of Micro- and Nanoscale Bone Substitutes: A Review on Technical and Translational Perspectives. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:4289-4319. [PMID: 34211272 PMCID: PMC8239380 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s311001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent developments in three-dimensional (3D) printing technology offer immense potential in fabricating scaffolds and implants for various biomedical applications, especially for bone repair and regeneration. As the availability of autologous bone sources and commercial products is limited and surgical methods do not help in complete regeneration, it is necessary to develop alternative approaches for repairing large segmental bone defects. The 3D printing technology can effectively integrate different types of living cells within a 3D construct made up of conventional micro- or nanoscale biomaterials to create an artificial bone graft capable of regenerating the damaged tissues. This article reviews the developments and applications of 3D printing in bone tissue engineering and highlights the numerous conventional biomaterials and nanomaterials that have been used in the production of 3D-printed scaffolds. A comprehensive overview of the 3D printing methods such as stereolithography (SLA), selective laser sintering (SLS), fused deposition modeling (FDM), and ink-jet 3D printing, and their technical and clinical applications in bone repair and regeneration has been provided. The review is expected to be useful for readers to gain an insight into the state-of-the-art of 3D printing of bone substitutes and their translational perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijia Cheng
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shoma Suresh K
- Biomaterials and Organ Engineering Group, Centre for Biomaterials, Cellular, and Molecular Theranostics, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - Hongyan He
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ritu Singh Rajput
- Biomaterials and Organ Engineering Group, Centre for Biomaterials, Cellular, and Molecular Theranostics, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - Qiyang Feng
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, People’s Republic of China
| | - Saravanan Ramesh
- Biomaterials and Organ Engineering Group, Centre for Biomaterials, Cellular, and Molecular Theranostics, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - Yuzhuang Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sasirekha Krishnan
- Biomaterials and Organ Engineering Group, Centre for Biomaterials, Cellular, and Molecular Theranostics, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - Serge Ostrovidov
- Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Gulden Camci-Unal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, 01854, USA
| | - Murugan Ramalingam
- Biomaterials and Organ Engineering Group, Centre for Biomaterials, Cellular, and Molecular Theranostics, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
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Sun Y, Yuan Y, Wu W, Lei L, Zhang L. The effects of locomotion on bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell fate: insight into mechanical regulation and bone formation. Cell Biosci 2021; 11:88. [PMID: 34001272 PMCID: PMC8130302 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-021-00601-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) refer to a heterogeneous population of cells with the capacity for self-renewal. BMSCs have multi-directional differentiation potential and can differentiate into chondrocytes, osteoblasts, and adipocytes under specific microenvironment or mechanical regulation. The activities of BMSCs are closely related to bone quality. Previous studies have shown that BMSCs and their lineage-differentiated progeny (for example, osteoblasts), and osteocytes are mechanosensitive in bone. Thus, a goal of this review is to discuss how these ubiquious signals arising from mechanical stimulation are perceived by BMSCs and then how the cells respond to them. Studies in recent years reported a significant effect of locomotion on the migration, proliferation and differentiation of BMSCs, thus, contributing to our bone mass. This regulation is realized by the various intersecting signaling pathways including RhoA/Rock, IFG, BMP and Wnt signalling. The mechanoresponse of BMSCs also provides guidance for maintaining bone health by taking appropriate exercises. This review will summarize the regulatory effects of locomotion/mechanical loading on BMSCs activities. Besides, a number of signalling pathways govern MSC fate towards osteogenic or adipocytic differentiation will be discussed. The understanding of mechanoresponse of BMSCs makes the foundation for translational medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanxiu Sun
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yu Yuan
- School of Sport and Health, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, 510500, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Wu
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Le Lei
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Lingli Zhang
- School of Physical Education & Sports Science, South China Normal University, 55 Zhongshan Road West, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510631, Guangdong, China.
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20
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Soudi A, Yazdanian M, Ranjbar R, Tebyanian H, Yazdanian A, Tahmasebi E, Keshvad A, Seifalian A. Role and application of stem cells in dental regeneration: A comprehensive overview. EXCLI JOURNAL 2021; 20:454-489. [PMID: 33746673 PMCID: PMC7975587 DOI: 10.17179/excli2021-3335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Recently, a growing attention has been observed toward potential advantages of stem cell (SC)-based therapies in regenerative treatments. Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are now considered excellent candidates for tissue replacement therapies and tissue engineering. Autologous MSCs importantly contribute to the state-of-the-art clinical strategies for SC-based alveolar bone regeneration. The donor cells and immune cells play a prominent role in determining the clinical success of MSCs therapy. In line with the promising future that stem cell therapy has shown for tissue engineering applications, dental stem cells have also attracted the attention of the relevant researchers in recent years. The current literature review aims to survey the variety and extension of SC-application in tissue-regenerative dentistry. In this regard, the relevant English written literature was searched using keywords: "tissue engineering", "stem cells", "dental stem cells", and "dentistry strategies". According to the available database, SCs application has become increasingly widespread because of its accessibility, plasticity, and high proliferative ability. Among the growing recognized niches and tissues containing higher SCs, dental tissues are evidenced to be rich sources of MSCs. According to the literature, dental SCs are mostly present in the dental pulp, periodontal ligament, and dental follicle tissues. In this regard, the present review has described the recent findings on the potential of dental stem cells to be used in tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armin Soudi
- Research Center for Prevention of Oral and Dental Diseases, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Yazdanian
- Research Center for Prevention of Oral and Dental Diseases, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Ranjbar
- Research Center for Prevention of Oral and Dental Diseases, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Tebyanian
- Research Center for Prevention of Oral and Dental Diseases, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Yazdanian
- Department of Veterinary, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elahe Tahmasebi
- Research Center for Prevention of Oral and Dental Diseases, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Keshvad
- Research Center for Prevention of Oral and Dental Diseases, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alexander Seifalian
- Nanotechnology and Regenerative Medicine Commercialization Centre (Ltd), The London Bioscience Innovation Centre, London, UK
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21
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Scaffold-free human mesenchymal stem cell construct geometry regulates long bone regeneration. Commun Biol 2021; 4:89. [PMID: 33469154 PMCID: PMC7815708 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-01576-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomimetic bone tissue engineering strategies partially recapitulate development. We recently showed functional restoration of femoral defects using scaffold-free human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) condensates featuring localized morphogen presentation with delayed in vivo mechanical loading. Possible effects of construct geometry on healing outcome remain unclear. Here, we hypothesized that localized presentation of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2 to engineered hMSC tubes mimicking femoral diaphyses induces endochondral ossification, and that TGF-β1 + BMP-2-presenting hMSC tubes enhance defect healing with delayed in vivo loading vs. loosely packed hMSC sheets. Localized morphogen presentation stimulated chondrogenic priming/endochondral differentiation in vitro. Subcutaneously, hMSC tubes formed cartilage templates that underwent bony remodeling. Orthotopically, hMSC tubes stimulated more robust endochondral defect healing vs. hMSC sheets. Tissue resembling normal growth plate was observed with negligible ectopic bone. This study demonstrates interactions between hMSC condensation geometry, morphogen bioavailability, and mechanical cues to recapitulate development for biomimetic bone tissue engineering. Herberg et al. previously showed functional healing of femoral defects using scaffold-free human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) condensates with localized morphogen presentation. In this study, they report the importance of the tubular geometry of MSC condensates in long bone regeneration. Unlike loosely packed hMSC sheets, only hMSC tubes induced regenerate tissue partially resembling normal growth plate.
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22
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Li Y, Hoffman MD, Benoit DSW. Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-degradable tissue engineered periosteum coordinates allograft healing via early stage recruitment and support of host neurovasculature. Biomaterials 2021; 268:120535. [PMID: 33271450 PMCID: PMC8110201 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Despite serving as the clinical "gold standard" treatment for critical size bone defects, decellularized allografts suffer from long-term failure rates of ~60% due to the absence of the periosteum. Stem and osteoprogenitor cells within the periosteum orchestrate autograft healing through host cell recruitment, which initiates the regenerative process. To emulate periosteum-mediated healing, tissue engineering approaches have been utilized with mixed outcomes. While vascularization has been widely established as critical for bone regeneration, innervation was recently identified to be spatiotemporally regulated together with vascularization and similarly indispensable to bone healing. Notwithstanding, there are no known approaches that have focused on periosteal matrix cues to coordinate host vessel and/or axon recruitment. Here, we investigated the influence of hydrogel degradation mechanism, i.e. hydrolytic or enzymatic (cell-dictated), on tissue engineered periosteum (TEP)-modified allograft healing, especially host vessel/nerve recruitment and integration. Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-degradable hydrogels supported endothelial cell migration from encapsulated spheroids whereas no migration was observed in hydrolytically degradable hydrogels in vitro, which correlated with increased neurovascularization in vivo. Specifically, ~2.45 and 1.84-fold, and ~3.48 and 2.58-fold greater vessel and nerve densities with high levels of vessel and nerve co-localization was observed using MMP degradable TEP (MMP-TEP) -modified allografts versus unmodified and hydrolytically degradable TEP (Hydro-TEP)-modified allografts, respectively, at 3 weeks post-surgery. MMP-TEP-modified allografts exhibited greater longitudinal graft-localized vascularization and endochondral ossification, along with 4-fold and 2-fold greater maximum torques versus unmodified and Hydro-TEP-modified allografts after 9 weeks, respectively, which was comparable to that of autografts. In summary, our results demonstrated that the MMP-TEP coordinated allograft healing via early stage recruitment and support of host neurovasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA; Department of Orthopaedics and Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
| | - Michael D Hoffman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA; Department of Orthopaedics and Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
| | - Danielle S W Benoit
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA; Department of Orthopaedics and Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA; Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA; Materials Science Program, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA; Department of Biomedical Genetics and Center for Oral Biology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
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23
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Shrestha S, Li F, Truong VX, Forsythe JS, Frith JE. Interplay of Hydrogel Composition and Geometry on Human Mesenchymal Stem Cell Osteogenesis. Biomacromolecules 2020; 21:5323-5335. [PMID: 33237736 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c01408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Microgels are emerging as an outstanding platform for tissue regeneration because they overcome issues associated with conventional bulk/macroscopic hydrogels such as limited cell-cell contact and cell communication and low diffusion rates. Owing to the enhanced mass transfer and injectability via a minimally invasive procedure, these microgels are becoming a promising approach for bone regeneration applications. Nevertheless, there still remains a huge gap between the understanding of how the hydrogel matrix composition can influence cell response and overall tissue formation when switching from bulk formats to microgel format, which is often neglected or rarely studied. Here, we fabricated polyethylene glycol-based microgels and bulk hydrogels incorporating gelatin and hyaluronic acid (HA), either individually or together, and assessed the impact of both hydrogel composition and format upon the osteogenic differentiation of encapsulated human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs). Osteogenesis was significantly greater in microgels than bulk hydrogels for both gelatin alone (Gel) and gelatin HA composite (Gel:HA) hydrogels, as determined by the expression of Runt-related transcription factor (Runx2) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) genes and mineral deposition. Interestingly, Gel and Gel:HA hydrogels behaved differently between bulk and microgel format. In bulk format, overall osteogenic outcomes were better in Gel:HA hydrogels, but in microgel format, while the level of osteogenic gene expression was equivalent between both compositions, the degree of mineralization was reduced in Gel:HA microgels. Investigation into the affinity of hydroxyapatite for the different matrix compositions indicated that the decreased mineralization of Gel:HA microgels was likely due to a low affinity of hydroxyapatite to bind to HA and support mineral deposition, which has a greater impact on microgels than bulk hydrogels. Together, these findings suggest that both hydrogel composition and format can determine the success of tissue formation and that there is a complex interplay of these two factors on both cell behavior and matrix deposition. This has important implications for tissue engineering, showing that hydrogel composition and geometry must be evaluated together when optimizing conditions for cell differentiation and tissue formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surakshya Shrestha
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash Institute of Medical Engineering, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Fanyi Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash Institute of Medical Engineering, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Vinh X Truong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash Institute of Medical Engineering, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - John S Forsythe
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash Institute of Medical Engineering, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Jessica E Frith
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash Institute of Medical Engineering, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
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Li A, Xu H, Yu P, Xing J, Ding C, Yan X, Xie J, Li J. Injectable hydrogels based on gellan gum promotes in situ mineralization and potential osteogenesis. Eur Polym J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2020.110091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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25
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Yu Y, Li M, Zhou Y, Shi Y, Zhang W, Son G, Ge J, Zhao J, Zhang Z, Ye D, Yang C, Wang S. Activation of mesenchymal stem cells promotes new bone formation within dentigerous cyst. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:476. [PMID: 33168086 PMCID: PMC7653780 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01999-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dentigerous cyst (DC) is a bone destructive disease and remains a challenge for clinicians. Marsupialization enables the bone to regenerate with capsule maintaining, making it a preferred therapeutic means for DC adjacent to vital anatomical structures. Given that capsules of DC are derived from odontogenic epithelium remnants at the embryonic stage, we investigated whether there were mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) located in DC capsules and the role that they played in the bone regeneration after marsupialization. Methods Samples obtained before and after marsupialization were used for histological detection and cell culture. The stemness of cells isolated from fresh tissues was analyzed by morphology, surface marker, and multi-differentiation assays. Comparison of proliferation ability between MSCs isolated from DC capsules before (Bm-DCSCs) and after (Am-DCSCs) marsupialization was evaluated by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), fibroblast colony-forming units (CFU-F), and 5′-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine (EdU) assay. Their osteogenic capacity in vitro was detected by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and Alizarin Red staining (ARS), combined with real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunofluorescence (IF) staining. Subcutaneous ectopic osteogenesis as well as cranial bone defect model in nude mice was performed to detect their bone regeneration and bone defect repairability. Results Bone tissue and strong ALP activity were detected in the capsule of DC after marsupialization. Two types of MSCs were isolated from fibrous capsules of DC both before (Bm-DCSCs) and after (Am-DCSCs) marsupialization. These fibroblast-like, colony-forming cells expressed MSC markers (CD44+, CD90+, CD31−, CD34−, CD45−), and they could differentiate into osteoblast-, adipocyte-, and chondrocyte-like cells under induction. Notably, Am-DCSCs performed better in cell proliferation and self-renewal. Moreover, Am-DCSCs showed a greater osteogenic capacity both in vitro and in vivo compared with Bm-DCSCs. Conclusions There are MSCs residing in capsules of DC, and the cell viability as well as the osteogenic capacity of them is largely enhanced after marsupialization. Our findings suggested that MSCs might play a crucial role in the healing process of DC after marsupialization, thus providing new insight into the treatment for DC by promoting the osteogenic differentiation of MSCs inside capsules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yejia Yu
- Department of Oral Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Diseases, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengyu Li
- Department of Oral Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Diseases, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuqiong Zhou
- Department of Oral Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Diseases, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yueqi Shi
- Department of Oral Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Diseases, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjie Zhang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Advanced Dental Technology and Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Diseases, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Geehun Son
- Department of Oral Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Diseases, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Ge
- Department of Oral Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Diseases, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Diseases, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiyuan Zhang
- Department of Oral-maxillofacial Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Diseases, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongxia Ye
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Diseases, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Chi Yang
- Department of Oral Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Diseases, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Shaoyi Wang
- Department of Oral Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Diseases, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Yousefzade O, Katsarava R, Puiggalí J. Biomimetic Hybrid Systems for Tissue Engineering. Biomimetics (Basel) 2020; 5:biomimetics5040049. [PMID: 33050136 PMCID: PMC7709492 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics5040049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering approaches appear nowadays highly promising for the regeneration of injured/diseased tissues. Biomimetic scaffolds are continuously been developed to act as structural support for cell growth and proliferation as well as for the delivery of cells able to be differentiated, and also of bioactive molecules like growth factors and even signaling cues. The current research concerns materials employed to develop biological scaffolds with improved features as well as complex preparation techniques. In this work, hybrid systems based on natural polymers are discussed and the efforts focused to provide new polymers able to mimic proteins and DNA are extensively explained. Progress on the scaffold fabrication technique is mentioned, those processes based on solution and melt electrospinning or even on their combination being mainly discussed. Selection of the appropriate hybrid technology becomes vital to get optimal architecture to reasonably accomplish the final applications. Representative examples of the recent possibilities on tissue regeneration are finally given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Yousefzade
- Departament d’Enginyeria Química, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Escola d’Enginyeria de Barcelona Est-EEBE, 08019 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Ramaz Katsarava
- Institute of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Agricultural University of Georgia, Kakha Bedukidze Univesity Campus, Tbilisi 0131, Georgia;
| | - Jordi Puiggalí
- Departament d’Enginyeria Química, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Escola d’Enginyeria de Barcelona Est-EEBE, 08019 Barcelona, Spain;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-93-401-5649
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27
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Induction of Osteoblasts by Direct Reprogramming of Mouse Fibroblasts. Methods Mol Biol 2020. [PMID: 32474879 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0655-1_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
In the tissue culture dish, osteoblast cells can be derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) including embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). However, differentiation of osteoblasts from PSCs is time-consuming and low yield. In contrast, we identified four osteogenic transcription factors, Runx2, Osx, Dlx5, and ATF4, that rapidly and efficiently reprogram mouse fibroblasts derived from 2.3 kb type I collagen promoter-driven green fluorescent protein (Col2.3GFP) transgenic mice into induced osteoblast cells (iOBs). iOBs exhibit osteoblast morphology, form mineralized nodules, and express Col2.3GFP and gene markers of osteoblast differentiation. Our method provides a robust system to rapidly generate appropriate and abundant osteoblast cells for osteogenesis and bone regeneration study.
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Abstract
Aim: Additively manufactured (3D printed), stainless steel implants were coated with dexamethasone using gelatin, chondroitin sulfate for use in bone graft surgeries. Materials & methods: The drug and polymers were deposited on the implants with a rough surface using a high precision air brush. The gelatin-chondroitin sulfate layers were cross-linked using glutaraldehyde. Results: The drug content uniformity was within 100 ± 5%, and the thickness of the polymer layer was 410 ± 5.2 μm. The in vitro release studies showed a biphasic pattern with an initial burst release followed by slow release up to 3 days. Conclusion: These results are very promising as the slow release implants can be further tested in vivo in large animals, such as cattle and horses to prevent the inflammatory cascade following surgeries.
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29
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Zhang Y, Yu T, Peng L, Sun Q, Wei Y, Han B. Advancements in Hydrogel-Based Drug Sustained Release Systems for Bone Tissue Engineering. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:622. [PMID: 32435200 PMCID: PMC7218105 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone defects caused by injury, disease, or congenital deformity remain a major health concern, and efficiently regenerating bone is a prominent clinical demand worldwide. However, bone regeneration is an intricate process that requires concerted participation of both cells and bioactive factors. Mimicking physiological bone healing procedures, the sustained release of bioactive molecules plays a vital role in creating an optimal osteogenic microenvironment and achieving promising bone repair outcomes. The utilization of biomaterial scaffolds can positively affect the osteogenesis process by integrating cells with bioactive factors in a proper way. A high water content, tunable physio-mechanical properties, and diverse synthetic strategies make hydrogels ideal cell carriers and controlled drug release reservoirs. Herein, we reviewed the current advancements in hydrogel-based drug sustained release systems that have delivered osteogenesis-inducing peptides, nucleic acids, and other bioactive molecules in bone tissue engineering (BTE).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfan Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Tingting Yu
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Liying Peng
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Qiannan Sun
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Wei
- Department of Geriatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Bing Han
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, China
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30
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Zhu H, Swami S, Yang P, Shapiro F, Wu JY. Direct Reprogramming of Mouse Fibroblasts into Functional Osteoblasts. J Bone Miner Res 2020; 35:698-713. [PMID: 31793059 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Although induced pluripotent stem cells hold promise as a potential source of osteoblasts for skeletal regeneration, the induction of pluripotency followed by directed differentiation into osteoblasts is time consuming and low yield. In contrast, direct lineage reprogramming without an intervening stem/progenitor cell stage would be a more efficient approach to generate osteoblasts. We screened combinations of osteogenic transcription factors and identified four factors, Runx2, Osx, Dlx5, and ATF4, that rapidly and efficiently reprogram mouse fibroblasts derived from 2.3 kb type I collagen promoter-driven green fluorescent protein (Col2.3GFP) transgenic mice into induced osteoblast cells (iOBs). iOBs exhibit osteoblast morphology, form mineralized nodules, and express Col2.3GFP and gene markers of osteoblast differentiation. The global transcriptome profiles validated that iOBs resemble primary osteoblasts. Genomewide DNA methylation analysis demonstrates that within differentially methylated loci, the methylation status of iOBs more closely resembles primary osteoblasts than mouse fibroblasts. We further demonstrate that Col2.3GFP+ iOBs have transcriptome profiles similar to GFP+ cells harvested from Col2.3GFP mouse bone chips. Functionally, Col2.3GFP+ iOBs form mineralized bone structures after subcutaneous implantation in immunodeficient mice and contribute to bone healing in a tibia bone fracture model. These findings provide an approach to derive and study osteoblasts for skeletal regeneration. © 2019 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhu
- Division of Endocrinology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Srilatha Swami
- Division of Endocrinology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Pinglin Yang
- Division of Endocrinology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Palo Alto, CA, USA.,Department of Orthopedics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Frederic Shapiro
- Division of Endocrinology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Joy Y Wu
- Division of Endocrinology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
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31
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Freeman FE, Brennan MÁ, Browe DC, Renaud A, De Lima J, Kelly DJ, McNamara LM, Layrolle P. A Developmental Engineering-Based Approach to Bone Repair: Endochondral Priming Enhances Vascularization and New Bone Formation in a Critical Size Defect. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:230. [PMID: 32296687 PMCID: PMC7137087 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a distinct clinical need for new therapies that provide an effective treatment for large bone defect repair. Herein we describe a developmental approach, whereby constructs are primed to mimic certain aspects of bone formation that occur during embryogenesis. Specifically, we directly compared the bone healing potential of unprimed, intramembranous, and endochondral primed MSC-laden polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffolds. To generate intramembranous constructs, MSC-seeded PCL scaffolds were exposed to osteogenic growth factors, while endochondral constructs were exposed to chondrogenic growth factors to generate a cartilage template. Eight weeks after implantation into a cranial critical sized defect in mice, there were significantly more vessels present throughout defects treated with endochondral constructs compared to intramembranous constructs. Furthermore, 33 and 50% of the animals treated with the intramembranous and endochondral constructs respectively, had full bone union along the sagittal suture line, with significantly higher levels of bone healing than the unprimed group. Having demonstrated the potential of endochondral priming but recognizing that only 50% of animals completely healed after 8 weeks, we next sought to examine if we could further accelerate the bone healing capacity of the constructs by pre-vascularizing them in vitro prior to implantation. The addition of endothelial cells alone significantly reduced the healing capacity of the constructs. The addition of a co-culture of endothelial cells and MSCs had no benefit to either the vascularization or mineralization potential of the scaffolds. Together, these results demonstrate that endochondral priming alone is enough to induce vascularization and subsequent mineralization in a critical-size defect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona E Freeman
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Biomechanics Research Centre (BMEC), Biomedical Engineering, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Meadhbh Á Brennan
- INSERM, UMR 1238, PHY-OS, Laboratory of Bone Sarcomas and Remodelling of Calcified Tissues, Faculty of Medicine, University of Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - David C Browe
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Audrey Renaud
- INSERM, UMR 1238, PHY-OS, Laboratory of Bone Sarcomas and Remodelling of Calcified Tissues, Faculty of Medicine, University of Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Julien De Lima
- INSERM, UMR 1238, PHY-OS, Laboratory of Bone Sarcomas and Remodelling of Calcified Tissues, Faculty of Medicine, University of Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Daniel J Kelly
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Anatomy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.,Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Laoise M McNamara
- Biomechanics Research Centre (BMEC), Biomedical Engineering, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Pierre Layrolle
- INSERM, UMR 1238, PHY-OS, Laboratory of Bone Sarcomas and Remodelling of Calcified Tissues, Faculty of Medicine, University of Nantes, Nantes, France
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32
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Park SY, Kim KH, Kim S, Rhee SH, Yeo IS, Heo SJ, Lee YM, Seol YJ. Comparison of experimental peri-implantitis models after application of ex vivo BMP2 gene therapy using periodontal ligament stem cells. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3590. [PMID: 32108172 PMCID: PMC7046768 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60341-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Peri-implantitis is an inflammatory disease that results in bone destruction around dental implants. A preclinical study using beagle models is frequently performed prior to clinical application in dentistry. Previously, we proposed an immediate peri-implantitis experimental model with a shorter experimental duration and less expense than the conventional experimental model. However, the differences in the regenerative outcomes between the immediate and conventional models were not fully revealed. In this study, we aimed to compare the regenerative outcomes between both models when ex vivo BMP2 gene therapy using autologous periodontal ligament stem cells (B2/PDLSCs) was applied to peri-implantitis defects. The results showed that the defect depths were significantly different between both models. New bone formation occurred in both models, but there were significant differences between the models. More than 70% of the defects were filled with newly formed bone in the conventional model, whereas 30-40% of the defects were filled in the immediate model. However, after adjustment for the differences in the defect depths between the models, the statistically significant differences in the regenerative outcomes between the models were lost. In conclusion, the inferior regenerative outcome of an immediate peri-implantitis model at B2/PDLSCs transplantation resulted from the defect depths, not the model itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Young Park
- Department of Periodontology and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Korea
- Department of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Kyoung-Hwa Kim
- Department of Periodontology and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Sungtae Kim
- Department of Periodontology and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Sang-Hoon Rhee
- Department of Dental Biomaterials Science, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - In-Sung Yeo
- Department of Prosthodontics and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Seong-Joo Heo
- Department of Prosthodontics and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Yong-Moo Lee
- Department of Periodontology and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Yang-Jo Seol
- Department of Periodontology and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Korea.
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33
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Su Z, He L, Shang H, Dai T, Xu F, Zhao J. Overexpression of Bone Morphogenetic Protein-1 Promotes Osteogenesis of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells In Vitro. Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e920122. [PMID: 32084123 PMCID: PMC7047925 DOI: 10.12659/msm.920122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteogenesis of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) is an important research topic in the application of bone tissue engineering. Bone morphogenetic protein-1 (BMP-1) is important in bone formation and stability, but its effects on the osteogenesis of BMSCs are unclear. This study aimed to investigate the association of BMP-1 with the osteogenic capacity of BMSCs. MATERIAL AND METHODS Primary rabbit BMSCs were cultured and divided into a BMP-1-overexpressing group, a Green Fluorescent Protein-expressing (GFP) group, and a Control group. The transfection efficiency of BMP-1 was tested by Western blotting. Cell viabilities, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities, Ca2+ concentrations, and gross examinations of BMSC sheets were examined at different times. The osteogenic marker collagen I was assessed by immunohistochemical analysis. RESULTS The cell viability, ALP activity, and Ca2+ content of the BMP1-overexpressed group were significantly enhanced compared with the GFP group and Control group. Immunohistochemistry staining results showed that BMP-1 promoted the expression of type I collagen in BMSCs sheets. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the overexpression of BMP-1 can promote the osteogenesis of BMSCs and provides an improved method of cell-based tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongping Su
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of the Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China (mainland)
| | - Lisheng He
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of the Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China (mainland)
| | - Hongtao Shang
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of the Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China (mainland)
| | - Taiqiang Dai
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of the Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China (mainland)
| | - Fangfang Xu
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of the Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China (mainland)
| | - Jinlong Zhao
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of the Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China (mainland)
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Yang S, Zhu B, Yin P, Zhao L, Wang Y, Fu Z, Dang R, Xu J, Zhang J, Wen N. Integration of Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells-Derived Exosomes with Hydroxyapatite-Embedded Hyaluronic Acid-Alginate Hydrogel for Bone Regeneration. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:1590-1602. [PMID: 33455380 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b01363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The treatment of bone defects has plagued clinicians. Exosomes, the naturally secreted nanovesicles by cells, exhibit great potential in bone defect regeneration to realize cell-free therapy. In this work, we successfully revealed that human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomes could effectively promote the proliferation, migration, and osteogenic differentiation of a murine calvariae preosteoblast cell line in vitro. Considering the long period of bone regeneration, to effectively exert the reparative effect of exosomes, we synthesized an injectable hydroxyapatite (HAP)-embedded in situ cross-linked hyaluronic acid-alginate (HA-ALG) hydrogel system to durably retain exosomes at the defect sites. Then, we combined the exosomes with the HAP-embedded in situ cross-linked HA-ALG hydrogel system to repair bone defects in rats in vivo. The results showed that the combination of exosomes and composite hydrogel could significantly enhance bone regeneration. Our experiment provides a new strategy for exosome-based therapy, which shows great potential in future tissue and organ repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Yang
- Department of Stomatology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Biao Zhu
- Department of Stomatology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Peng Yin
- College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Lisheng Zhao
- Department of Stomatology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Yizhu Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Zhiguang Fu
- Department of Stomatology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Ruijie Dang
- Department of Stomatology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Juan Xu
- Department of Stomatology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Jianjun Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Ning Wen
- Department of Stomatology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
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Sun W, Shi A, Ma D, Bolscher JGM, Nazmi K, Veerman ECI, Bikker FJ, Lin H, Wu G. All-trans retinoic acid and human salivary histatin-1 promote the spreading and osteogenic activities of pre-osteoblasts in vitro. FEBS Open Bio 2020; 10:396-406. [PMID: 31957262 PMCID: PMC7050254 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell‐based bone tissue engineering techniques utilize both osteogenic cells and biomedical materials, and have emerged as a promising approach for large‐volume bone repair. The success of such techniques is highly dependent on cell adhesion, spreading, and osteogenic activities. In this study, we investigated the effect of co‐administration of all‐trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and human salivary peptide histatin‐1 (Hst1) on the spreading and osteogenic activities of pre‐osteoblasts on bio‐inert glass surfaces. Pre‐osteoblasts (MC3T3‐E1 cell line) were seeded onto bio‐inert glass slides in the presence and absence of ATRA and Hst1. Cell spreading was scored by measuring surface areas of cellular filopodia and lamellipodia using a point‐counting method. The distribution of fluorogenic Hst1 within osteogenic cells was also analyzed. Furthermore, specific inhibitors of retinoic acid receptors α, β, and γ, such as ER‐50891, LE‐135, and MM‐11253, were added to identify the involvement of these receptors. Cell metabolic activity, DNA content, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity were assessed to monitor their effects on osteogenic activities. Short‐term (2 h) co‐administration of 10 μm ATRA and Hst1 to pre‐osteoblasts resulted in significantly higher spreading of pre‐osteoblasts compared to ATRA or Hst1 alone. ER‐50891 and LE‐135 both nullified these effects of ATRA. Co‐administration of ATRA and Hst1 was associated with significantly higher metabolic activity, DNA content, and ALP activity than either ATRA or Hst1 alone. In conclusion, co‐administration of Hst1 with ATRA additively stimulated the spreading and osteogenicity of pre‐osteoblasts on bio‐inert glass surfaces in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Sun
- The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Oral Biochemistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam (UvA) and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (VU), The Netherlands
| | - Andi Shi
- Key Laboratory of Oral Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Oral Disease, Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, China
| | - Dandan Ma
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam (UvA) and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (VU), The Netherlands
| | - Jan G M Bolscher
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam (UvA) and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (VU), The Netherlands
| | - Kamran Nazmi
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam (UvA) and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (VU), The Netherlands
| | - Enno C I Veerman
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam (UvA) and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (VU), The Netherlands
| | - Floris J Bikker
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam (UvA) and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (VU), The Netherlands
| | - Haiyan Lin
- Savaid Stomatology School, Hangzhou Medical College, China
| | - Gang Wu
- Department of Oral Implantology and Prosthetic Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam (UvA) and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (VU), The Netherlands
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Xing J, Lu Y, Cui Y, Zhu X, Luo F, Xie Z, Wu X, Deng M, Xu J, Hou T. A Standardized and Quality-Controllable Protocol of Constructing Individual Tissue-Engineered Grafts Applicable to Treating Large Bone Defects. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2020; 25:137-147. [PMID: 30734646 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2018.0323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Patient-specific individual tissue-engineered bones (iTEBs) have been recognized as a promising strategy for treating large bone defects. However, current construction protocols of iTEBs vary between lots and lack standardization and quality control, hampering further research and application. This study was aimed to detail a standardized constructing protocol for iTEBs, which can be used for both clinical and experimental purposes. The procedure was designed and described as follows: scaffold preparation, cell isolation and culture, and fabrication of iTEBs. Manipulation and caution points in each section were detailed. A series of scales on the quality control and safety monitoring was developed. The effectiveness and safety of iTEBs were evaluated. Eventually, the preparing portion, from cell culture to scaffold treatment, usually required 21 days. Generally, the fabrication section took 5 days. The main advantage of this protocol was that each step was standardized and quality controlling and safety monitoring were performed throughout the process to ensure the homogeneity, reliability, and safety. The resulting iTEBs were effective and applicable to both clinical and experimental purposes. Thus, we have established a refined and standardized protocol detailing the construction process of patient-specific iTEBs that comply with strict quality control and safety criteria. This protocol is relatively easy for graduate students or staff working in the field of bone tissue engineering to implement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junchao Xing
- 1 National & Regional United Engineering Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Department of Orthopedics, Southwest Hospital, the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,2 Center of Regenerative and Reconstructive Engineering Technology in Chongqing City, Chongqing, China.,3 Tissue Engineering Laboratory of Chongqing City, Chongqing, China
| | | | - Yigong Cui
- 1 National & Regional United Engineering Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Department of Orthopedics, Southwest Hospital, the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,2 Center of Regenerative and Reconstructive Engineering Technology in Chongqing City, Chongqing, China.,3 Tissue Engineering Laboratory of Chongqing City, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaobo Zhu
- 4 Outpatient Department of 31668 Unit of PLA, Xining, China
| | - Fei Luo
- 1 National & Regional United Engineering Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Department of Orthopedics, Southwest Hospital, the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,2 Center of Regenerative and Reconstructive Engineering Technology in Chongqing City, Chongqing, China.,3 Tissue Engineering Laboratory of Chongqing City, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhao Xie
- 1 National & Regional United Engineering Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Department of Orthopedics, Southwest Hospital, the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,2 Center of Regenerative and Reconstructive Engineering Technology in Chongqing City, Chongqing, China.,3 Tissue Engineering Laboratory of Chongqing City, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuehui Wu
- 1 National & Regional United Engineering Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Department of Orthopedics, Southwest Hospital, the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,2 Center of Regenerative and Reconstructive Engineering Technology in Chongqing City, Chongqing, China.,3 Tissue Engineering Laboratory of Chongqing City, Chongqing, China
| | - Moyuan Deng
- 1 National & Regional United Engineering Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Department of Orthopedics, Southwest Hospital, the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,2 Center of Regenerative and Reconstructive Engineering Technology in Chongqing City, Chongqing, China.,3 Tissue Engineering Laboratory of Chongqing City, Chongqing, China
| | - Jianzhong Xu
- 1 National & Regional United Engineering Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Department of Orthopedics, Southwest Hospital, the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,2 Center of Regenerative and Reconstructive Engineering Technology in Chongqing City, Chongqing, China.,3 Tissue Engineering Laboratory of Chongqing City, Chongqing, China
| | - Tianyong Hou
- 1 National & Regional United Engineering Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Department of Orthopedics, Southwest Hospital, the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,2 Center of Regenerative and Reconstructive Engineering Technology in Chongqing City, Chongqing, China.,3 Tissue Engineering Laboratory of Chongqing City, Chongqing, China
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Macrophage Transplantation Fails to Improve Repair of Critical-Sized Calvarial Defects. J Craniofac Surg 2020; 30:2640-2645. [PMID: 31609958 DOI: 10.1097/scs.0000000000005797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Over 500,000 bone grafting procedures are performed every year in the United States for neoplastic and traumatic lesions of the craniofacial skeleton, costing $585 million in medical care. Current bone grafting procedures are limited, and full-thickness critical-sized defects (CSDs) of the adult human skull thus pose a substantial reconstructive challenge for the craniofacial surgeon. Cell-based strategies have been shown to safely and efficaciously accelerate the rate of bone formation in CSDs in animals. The authors recently demonstrated that supraphysiological transplantation of macrophages seeded in pullalan-collagen composite hydrogels significantly accelerated wound healing in wild type and diabetic mice, an effect mediated in part by enhancing angiogenesis. In this study, the authors investigated the bone healing effects of macrophage transplantation into CSDs of mice. METHODS CD1 athymic nude mice (60 days of age) were anesthetized, and unilateral full-thickness critical-sized (4 mm in diameter) cranial defects were created in the right parietal bone, avoiding cranial sutures. Macrophages were isolated from FVB-L2G mice and seeded onto hydroxyapatite-poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (HA-PLGA) scaffolds (1.0 × 10 cells per CSD). Scaffolds were incubated for 24 hours before they were placed into the CSDs. Macrophage survival was assessed using three-dimensional in vivo imaging system (3D IVIS)/micro-CT. Micro-CT at 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks was performed to evaluate gross bone formation, which was quantified using Adobe Photoshop. Microscopic evidence of bone regeneration was assessed at 8 weeks by histology. Bone formation and macrophage survival were compared at each time point using independent samples t tests. RESULTS Transplantation of macrophages at supraphysiological concentration had no effect on the formation of bones in CSDs as assessed by either micro-CT data at any time point analyzed (all P > 0.05). These results were corroborated by histology. 3D IVIS/micro-CT demonstrated survival of macrophages through 8 weeks. CONCLUSION Supraphysiologic delivery of macrophages to CSDs of mice had no effect on bone formation despite survival of transplanted macrophages through to 8 weeks posttransplantation. Further research into the physiological effects of macrophages on bone regeneration is needed to assess whether recapitulation of these conditions in macrophage-based therapy can promote the healing of large cranial defects.
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Herberg S, McDermott AM, Dang PN, Alt DS, Tang R, Dawahare JH, Varghai D, Shin JY, McMillan A, Dikina AD, He F, Lee YB, Cheng Y, Umemori K, Wong PC, Park H, Boerckel JD, Alsberg E. Combinatorial morphogenetic and mechanical cues to mimic bone development for defect repair. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaax2476. [PMID: 31489377 PMCID: PMC6713501 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aax2476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Endochondral ossification during long bone development and natural fracture healing initiates by mesenchymal cell condensation, directed by local morphogen signals and mechanical cues. Here, we aimed to mimic development for regeneration of large bone defects. We hypothesized that engineered human mesenchymal condensations presenting transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and/or bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) from encapsulated microparticles promotes endochondral defect regeneration contingent on in vivo mechanical cues. Mesenchymal condensations induced bone formation dependent on morphogen presentation, with BMP-2 + TGF-β1 fully restoring mechanical function. Delayed in vivo ambulatory loading significantly enhanced the bone formation rate in the dual morphogen group. In vitro, BMP-2 or BMP-2 + TGF-β1 initiated robust endochondral lineage commitment. In vivo, however, extensive cartilage formation was evident predominantly in the BMP-2 + TGF-β1 group, enhanced by mechanical loading. Together, this study demonstrates a biomimetic template for recapitulating developmental morphogenic and mechanical cues in vivo for tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Herberg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - A. M. McDermott
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
- Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - P. N. Dang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - D. S. Alt
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - R. Tang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | - D. Varghai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - J.-Y. Shin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - A. McMillan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - A. D. Dikina
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - F. He
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Y. B. Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Y. Cheng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - K. Umemori
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - P. C. Wong
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - H. Park
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - J. D. Boerckel
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
- Philadelphia, PA, USA
- School of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - E. Alsberg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Zhang Q, Wu W, Qian C, Xiao W, Zhu H, Guo J, Meng Z, Zhu J, Ge Z, Cui W. Advanced biomaterials for repairing and reconstruction of mandibular defects. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 103:109858. [PMID: 31349473 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.109858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 05/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mandibles are the largest and strongest bone in the human face and are often severely compromised by mandibular defects, compromising the quality of life of patients. Mandibular defects may result from trauma, inflammatory disease and benign or malignant tumours. The reconstruction of mandibular defect has been a research hotspot in oral and maxillofacial surgery. Although the principles and techniques of mandibular reconstruction have made great progress in recent years, the development of biomedical materials is still facing technical bottleneck, and new materials directly affect technological breakthroughs in this field. This paper reviews the current status of research and application of various biomaterials in mandibular defects and systematically elaborates different allogeneic biomaterial-based approaches. It is expected that various biomaterials, in combination with new technologies such as digital navigation and 3D printing, could be tuned to build new types of scaffold with more precise structure and components, addressing needs of surgery and post-reconstruction. With the illustration and systematization of different solutions, aims to inspire the development of reconstruction biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, 368 Hanjiang Middle Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225000, PR China; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, 188 Shizi St, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, PR China
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, 368 Hanjiang Middle Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225000, PR China
| | - Chunyu Qian
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, 188 Shizi St, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, PR China
| | - Wanshu Xiao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, 188 Shizi St, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, PR China
| | - Huajun Zhu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, 188 Shizi St, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, PR China
| | - Jun Guo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, 368 Hanjiang Middle Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225000, PR China
| | - Zhibing Meng
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, 368 Hanjiang Middle Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225000, PR China
| | - Jinyue Zhu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, 368 Hanjiang Middle Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225000, PR China
| | - Zili Ge
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, 188 Shizi St, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, PR China.
| | - Wenguo Cui
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai 200025, PR China.
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40
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Sheehy E, Kelly D, O'Brien F. Biomaterial-based endochondral bone regeneration: a shift from traditional tissue engineering paradigms to developmentally inspired strategies. Mater Today Bio 2019; 3:100009. [PMID: 32159148 PMCID: PMC7061547 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2019.100009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
There is an urgent, clinical need for an alternative to the use of autologous grafts for the ever increasing number of bone grafting procedures performed annually. Herein, we describe a developmentally inspired approach to bone tissue engineering, which focuses on leveraging biomaterials as platforms for recapitulating the process of endochondral ossification. To begin, we describe the traditional biomaterial-based approaches to tissue engineering that have been investigated as methods to promote in vivo bone regeneration, including the use of three-dimensional biomimetic scaffolds, the delivery of growth factors and recombinant proteins, and the in vitro engineering of mineralized bone-like tissue. Thereafter, we suggest that some of the hurdles encountered by these traditional tissue engineering approaches may be circumvented by modulating the endochondral route to bone repair and, to that end, we assess various biomaterials that can be used in combination with cells and signaling factors to engineer hypertrophic cartilaginous grafts capable of promoting endochondral bone formation. Finally, we examine the emerging trends in biomaterial-based approaches to endochondral bone regeneration, such as the engineering of anatomically shaped templates for bone and osteochondral tissue engineering, the fabrication of mechanically reinforced constructs using emerging three-dimensional bioprinting techniques, and the generation of gene-activated scaffolds, which may accelerate the field towards its ultimate goal of clinically successful bone organ regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- E.J. Sheehy
- Tissue Engineering Research Group (TERG), Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - D.J. Kelly
- Tissue Engineering Research Group (TERG), Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - F.J. O'Brien
- Tissue Engineering Research Group (TERG), Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Orth M, Shenar AK, Scheuer C, Braun BJ, Herath SC, Holstein JH, Histing T, Yu X, Murphy WL, Pohlemann T, Laschke MW, Menger MD. VEGF-loaded mineral-coated microparticles improve bone repair and are associated with increased expression of epo and RUNX-2 in murine non-unions. J Orthop Res 2019; 37:821-831. [PMID: 30835895 DOI: 10.1002/jor.24267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A poor vascular supply of the fracture gap is a key factor for the development of atrophic non-unions. Mineral-coated microparticles (MCM) represent a sophisticated carrier system for the delivery of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Hence, we investigated whether VEGF-loaded MCM improve bone repair in non-unions. For this purpose, we analyzed binding and release kinetics of MCM for VEGF in vitro. Moreover, we applied VEGF-loaded or -unloaded MCM in a murine non-union model in vivo and studied the process of bone healing by means of biomechanical, radiological, histomorphometric, and Western blot techniques. MCM-free non-unions served as controls. The binding efficiency of MCM for VEGF was 46 ± 3% and the release profile revealed an initial minor burst release followed by a sustained release over a 50-day study period, thus, mimicking the physiological expression profile of VEGF during bone healing. In vivo, bone defects treated with VEGF-loaded MCM exhibited a higher bending stiffness, a higher fraction of bone volume/tissue volume and a larger callus area on days 14 and 70 when compared to the other groups. Western blot analyses on day 14 revealed a higher expression of VEGF, erythropoietin (EPO), and runt-related transcription factor 2, but not of EPO-receptor in bone defects treated with VEGF-loaded MCM. These findings demonstrate that the use of MCM for VEGF delivery shows great potential due to the ability to maintain protein stability and functionality in vivo. Moreover, the application of VEGF-loaded MCM represent a promising strategy for the treatment of non-unions. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Orth
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany.,Institute for Clinical and Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Amira K Shenar
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany.,Institute for Clinical and Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Claudia Scheuer
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Benedikt J Braun
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Steven C Herath
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Jörg H Holstein
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany.,Institute for Clinical and Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Tina Histing
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany.,Institute for Clinical and Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Xiaohua Yu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - William L Murphy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Tim Pohlemann
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Matthias W Laschke
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Michael D Menger
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
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Zhang X, Lin X, Liu T, Deng L, Huang Y, Liu Y. Osteogenic Enhancement Between Icariin and Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2: A Potential Osteogenic Compound for Bone Tissue Engineering. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:201. [PMID: 30914948 PMCID: PMC6423068 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Icariin, a typical flavonol glycoside, is the main active component of Herba Epimedii, which was used to cure bone-related diseases in China for centuries. It has been reported that Icariin can be delivered locally by biomaterials and it has an osteogenic potential for bone tissue engineering. Biomimetic calcium phosphate (BioCaP) bone substitute is a novel drug delivery carrier system. Our study aimed to evaluate the osteogenic potential when Icariin was internally incorporated into the BioCaP granules. The BioCaP combined with Icariin and bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) was investigated in vitro using an MC3T3-E1 cell line. We also investigated its efficacy to repair 8 mm diameter critical size bone defects in the skull of SD male rats. BioCaP was fabricated according to a well-established biomimetic mineralization process. In vitro, the effects of BioCaP alone or BioCaP with Icariin and/or BMP-2 on cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells were systematically evaluated. In vivo, BioCaP alone or BioCaP with Icariin and/or BMP-2 were used to study the bone formation in a critical-sized bone defect created in a rat skull. Samples were retrieved for Micro-CT and histological analysis 12 weeks after surgery. The results indicated that BioCaP with or without the incorporation of Icariin had a positive effect on the osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1. BioCaP with Icariin had better osteogenic efficiency, but had no influence on cell proliferation. BioCap + Icariin + BMP-2 showed better osteogenic potential compared with BioCaP with BMP-2 alone. The protein and mRNA expression of alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin and mineralization were higher as well. In vivo, BioCaP incorporate internally with both Icariin and BMP-2 induced significantly more newly formed bone than the control group and BioCaP with either Icariin or BMP-2 did. Micro-CT analysis revealed that no significant differences were found between the bone mineral density induced by BioCaP with icariin and that induced by BioCaP with BMP-2. Therefore, co-administration of Icariin and BMP-2 was helpful for bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- Department of Periodontics, Hospital/School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,ACTA, Department of Oral Implantology and Prosthetic Dentistry, Research Institute, University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Gustav Mahlerlaan, Netherlands
| | - Xingnan Lin
- Department of Orthodontics, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Tie Liu
- Department of Oral Implantology, Hospital/School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,ACTA, Department of Oral Implantology and Prosthetic Dentistry, Research Institute, University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Gustav Mahlerlaan, Netherlands
| | - Liquan Deng
- School of Stomatology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou Dental Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuanliang Huang
- Department of Dentistry, Shanghai East Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuelian Liu
- ACTA, Department of Oral Implantology and Prosthetic Dentistry, Research Institute, University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Gustav Mahlerlaan, Netherlands
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Li A, Xie J, Li J. Recent advances in functional nanostructured materials for bone-related diseases. J Mater Chem B 2019; 7:509-527. [PMID: 32254786 DOI: 10.1039/c8tb02812e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Bone-related diseases seriously threaten people's health and research studies have been dedicated towards searching for new and effective treatment methods. Nanotechnologies have opened up a new field in recent decades and nanostructured materials, which exist in a variety of forms, are considered to be promising materials in this field. This article reviews the most recent progress in the development of nanostructured materials for bone-related diseases, including osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, bone metastasis, osteomyelitis, myeloma, and bone defects. We highlight the advantages and functions of nanostructured materials, including sustained release, bone targeting, scaffolding in bone tissue engineering, etc., in bone-related diseases. We also include the remaining challenges of these emerging materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anqi Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China.
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44
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Saravanan S, Vimalraj S, Thanikaivelan P, Banudevi S, Manivasagam G. A review on injectable chitosan/beta glycerophosphate hydrogels for bone tissue regeneration. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 121:38-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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45
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Wojda SJ, Donahue SW. Parathyroid hormone for bone regeneration. J Orthop Res 2018; 36:2586-2594. [PMID: 29926970 DOI: 10.1002/jor.24075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Delayed healing and/or non-union occur in approximately 5-10% of the fractures that occur annually in the United States. Segmental bone loss increases the probability of non-union. Though grafting can be an effective treatment for segmental bone loss, autografting is limited for large defects since a limited amount of bone is available for harvest. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is a key regulator of calcium homeostasis in the body and plays an important role in bone metabolism. Presently PTH is FDA approved for use as an anabolic treatment for osteoporosis. The anabolic effect PTH has on bone has led to research on its use for bone regeneration applications. Numerous studies in animal models have indicated enhanced fracture healing as a result of once daily injections of PTH. Similarly, in a human case study, non-union persisted despite treatment attempts with internal fixation, external fixation, and autograft in combination with BMP-7, until off label use of PTH1-84 was utilized. Use of a biomaterial scaffold to locally deliver PTH to a defect site has also been shown to improve bone formation and healing around dental implants in dogs and drill defects in sheep. Thus, PTH may be used to promote bone regeneration and provide an alternative to autograft and BMP for the treatment of large segmental defects and non-unions. This review briefly summarizes the unmet clinical need for improved bone regeneration techniques and how PTH may help fill that void by both systemically and locally delivered PTH for bone regeneration applications. © 2018 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:2586-2594, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha J Wojda
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Seth W Donahue
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts
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46
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Maxillary Sinus Lift Using Autologous Periosteal Micrografts: A New Regenerative Approach and a Case Report of a 3-Year Follow-Up. Case Rep Dent 2018; 2018:3023096. [PMID: 30140472 PMCID: PMC6081519 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3023096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This case report discusses about an innovative bone regeneration method that involves the use of autologous periosteal micrografts, which were used for a maxillary sinus floor lift in a 52-year-old female patient. This method allows for harvesting of a graft that is to be seeded on a PLGA scaffold and involves collection of a very little amount of palatal periosteal tissue in the same surgical site after elevation of a flap and disaggregation of it by using a Rigenera® filter. Histological samples collected at the time of implant installation demonstrate a good degree of bone regeneration. The clinical and radiographic outcomes at the 3-year follow-up visit showed an adequate stability of hard and soft tissues around the implants. This report demonstrates the possibility to obtain a sufficient quality and quantity of bone with a progenitor cell-based micrograft and in turn make the site appropriate for an implant-supported rehabilitation procedure, with stable results over a period of two years.
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47
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Baroncelli M, Fuhler GM, van de Peppel J, Zambuzzi WF, van Leeuwen JP, van der Eerden BCJ, Peppelenbosch MP. Human mesenchymal stromal cells in adhesion to cell-derived extracellular matrix and titanium: Comparative kinome profile analysis. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:2984-2996. [PMID: 30058720 PMCID: PMC6585805 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) physically supports cells and influences stem cell behaviour, modulating kinase‐mediated signalling cascades. Cell‐derived ECMs have emerged in bone regeneration as they reproduce physiological tissue‐architecture and ameliorate mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) properties. Titanium scaffolds show good mechanical properties, facilitate cell adhesion, and have been routinely used for bone tissue engineering (BTE). We analyzed the kinomic signature of human MSCs in adhesion to an osteopromotive osteoblast‐derived ECM, and compared it to MSCs on titanium. PamChip kinase‐array analysis revealed 63 phosphorylated peptides on ECM and 59 on titanium, with MSCs on ECM exhibiting significantly higher kinase activity than on titanium. MSCs on the two substrates showed overlapping kinome profiles, with activation of similar signalling pathways (FAK, ERK, and PI3K signalling). Inhibition of PI3K signalling in cells significantly reduced adhesion to ECM and increased the number of nonadherent cells on both substrates. In summary, this study comprehensively characterized the kinase activity in MSCs on cell‐derived ECM and titanium, highlighting the role of PI3K signalling in kinomic changes regulating osteoblast viability and adhesion. Kinome profile analysis represents a powerful tool to select pathways to better understand cell behaviour. Osteoblast‐derived ECM could be further investigated as titanium scaffold‐coating to improve BTE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Baroncelli
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gwenny M Fuhler
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen van de Peppel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Willian F Zambuzzi
- Laboratorio de Bioensaios e Dinâmica Celular, Departamento de Quimica e Bioquimica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista-UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Johannes P van Leeuwen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bram C J van der Eerden
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maikel P Peppelenbosch
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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48
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Nguyen MK, Jeon O, Dang PN, Huynh CT, Varghai D, Riazi H, McMillan A, Herberg S, Alsberg E. RNA interfering molecule delivery from in situ forming biodegradable hydrogels for enhancement of bone formation in rat calvarial bone defects. Acta Biomater 2018; 75:105-114. [PMID: 29885529 PMCID: PMC6119505 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) may be an effective and valuable tool for promoting the growth of functional tissue, as short interfering RNA (siRNA) and microRNA (miRNA) can block the expression of genes that have negative effects on tissue regeneration. Our group has recently reported that the localized and sustained presentation of siRNA against noggin (siNoggin) and miRNA-20a from in situ forming poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) hydrogels enhanced osteogenic differentiation of encapsulated human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). Here, the capacity of the hydrogel system to accelerate bone formation in a rat calvarial bone defect model is presented. After 12 weeks post-implantation, the hydrogels containing encapsulated hMSCs and miRNA-20a resulted in more bone formation in the defects than the hydrogels containing hMSCs without siRNA or with negative control siRNA. This localized and sustained RNA interfering molecule delivery system may provide an excellent platform for healing bony defects and other tissues. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Delivery of RNAi molecules may be a valuable strategy to guide cell behavior for tissue engineering applications, but to date there have been no reports of a biomaterial system capable of both encapsulation of cells and controlled delivery of incorporated RNA. Here, we present PEG hydrogels that form in situ via Michael type reaction, and that permit encapsulation of hMSCs and the concomitant controlled delivery of siNoggin and/or miRNA-20a. These RNAs were chosen to suppress noggin, a BMP-2 antagonist, and/or PPAR-γ, a negative regulator of BMP-2-mediated osteogenesis, and therefore promote osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs and subsequent bone repair in critical-sized rat calvarial defects. Simultaneous delivery of hMSCs and miRNA-20a enhanced repair of these defects compared to hydrogels containing hMSCs without siRNA or with negative control siRNA. This in situ forming PEG hydrogel system offers an exciting platform for healing critical-sized bone defects by localized, controlled delivery of RNAi molecules to encapsulated hMSCs and surrounding cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minh K Nguyen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States
| | - Oju Jeon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States
| | - Phuong N Dang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States
| | - Cong T Huynh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States
| | - Davood Varghai
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States
| | - Hooman Riazi
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States
| | - Alexandra McMillan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States
| | - Samuel Herberg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States
| | - Eben Alsberg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States.
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49
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O'Day E, Hosta-Rigau L, Oyarzún DA, Okano H, de Lorenzo V, von Kameke C, Alsafar H, Cao C, Chen GQ, Ji W, Roberts RJ, Ronaghi M, Yeung K, Zhang F, Lee SY. Are We There Yet? How and When Specific Biotechnologies Will Improve Human Health. Biotechnol J 2018; 14:e1800195. [PMID: 29799175 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201800195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Patient X: A 67-year-old Caucasian man slips on a patch of ice. He has abrasions to his hands and has sustained significant damage to his hip. At the emergency room, he informs clinicians he takes atorvastatin, metformin, and glimepiride to treat hypertension and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). X-rays reveal a fractured hip, which will require total hip replacement surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth O'Day
- Global Future Council on the Future of Biotechnologies, World Economic Forum, Cologny, CH-1223, Geneva, Switzerland.,Olaris Therapeutics, Inc., 45 Moulton St., Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Leticia Hosta-Rigau
- Global Future Council on the Future of Biotechnologies, World Economic Forum, Cologny, CH-1223, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Diego A Oyarzún
- Global Future Council on the Future of Biotechnologies, World Economic Forum, Cologny, CH-1223, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Mathematics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.,EPSRC Centre for Mathematics of Precision Healthcare, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Hideyuki Okano
- Global Future Council on the Future of Biotechnologies, World Economic Forum, Cologny, CH-1223, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Víctor de Lorenzo
- Global Future Council on the Future of Biotechnologies, World Economic Forum, Cologny, CH-1223, Geneva, Switzerland.,National Center of Biotechnology CSIC, Systems Biology Program, Campus de Cantoblanco, E-28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Conrad von Kameke
- Global Future Council on the Future of Biotechnologies, World Economic Forum, Cologny, CH-1223, Geneva, Switzerland.,BioInnovators Europe, Berlin, Germany
| | - Habiba Alsafar
- Global Future Council on the Future of Biotechnologies, World Economic Forum, Cologny, CH-1223, Geneva, Switzerland.,Khalifa University Center for Biotechnology, Khalifa University, PO Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Cong Cao
- Global Future Council on the Future of Biotechnologies, World Economic Forum, Cologny, CH-1223, Geneva, Switzerland.,University of Nottingham, 199 East Taikang Road, Ningbo, 315100, China
| | - Guo-Qiang Chen
- Global Future Council on the Future of Biotechnologies, World Economic Forum, Cologny, CH-1223, Geneva, Switzerland.,Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, MOE Lab for Industrial Biocatalysis, Tsinghua-Peking University Center of Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Weizhi Ji
- Global Future Council on the Future of Biotechnologies, World Economic Forum, Cologny, CH-1223, Geneva, Switzerland.,Kunming University of Science and Technology, 727 Jingming South Rd. Chenh Gong, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Richard J Roberts
- Global Future Council on the Future of Biotechnologies, World Economic Forum, Cologny, CH-1223, Geneva, Switzerland.,New England Biolabs, 240 County Road, Ipswich, MA, 01938, USA
| | - Mostafa Ronaghi
- Global Future Council on the Future of Biotechnologies, World Economic Forum, Cologny, CH-1223, Geneva, Switzerland.,Illumina Inc., 5200 Illumina Way, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Karen Yeung
- Global Future Council on the Future of Biotechnologies, World Economic Forum, Cologny, CH-1223, Geneva, Switzerland.,Law School and School of Computer Science University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK, B15 2TT
| | - Feng Zhang
- Global Future Council on the Future of Biotechnologies, World Economic Forum, Cologny, CH-1223, Geneva, Switzerland.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.,McGovern Institute for Brain Research at MIT, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.,Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences and Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Sang Yup Lee
- Global Future Council on the Future of Biotechnologies, World Economic Forum, Cologny, CH-1223, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK21 Plus program), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-Ro, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.,The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet Bygning 220, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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50
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Reinwald Y, El Haj AJ. Hydrostatic pressure in combination with topographical cues affects the fate of bone marrow-derived human mesenchymal stem cells for bone tissue regeneration. J Biomed Mater Res A 2018; 106:629-640. [PMID: 28984025 PMCID: PMC5813264 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Topographical and mechanical cues are vital for cell fate, tissue development in vivo, and to mimic the native cell growth environment in vitro. To date, the combinatory effect of mechanical and topographical cues as not been thoroughly investigated. This study investigates the effect of PCL nanofiber alignment and hydrostatic pressure on stem cell differentiation for bone tissue regeneration. Bone marrow-derived human mesenchymal stem cells were seeded onto standard tissue culture plastic and electrospun random and aligned nanofibers. These substrates were either cultured statically or subjected to intermittent hydrostatic pressure at 270 kPa, 1 Hz for 60 min daily over 21 days in osteogenic medium. Data revealed higher cell metabolic activities for all mechanically stimulated cell culture formats compared with non-stimulated controls; and random fibers compared with aligned fibers. Fiber orientation influenced cell morphology and patterns of calcium deposition. Significant up-regulation of Collagen-I, ALP, and Runx-2 were observed for random and aligned fibers following mechanical stimulation; highest levels of osteogenic markers were expressed when hydrostatic pressure was applied to random fibers. These results indicate that fiber alignment and hydrostatic pressure direct stem cell fate and are important stimulus for tissue regeneration. © 2017 The Authors Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: A: 629-640, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Reinwald
- Institute of Science and Technology in Medicine, Keele University, Medical School, Guy Hilton Research Centre, UHNMStoke‐on‐TrentUnited Kingdom
- Department of Engineering, School of Science and TechnologyNottingham Trent UniversityNottinghamUnited Kingdom
| | - Alicia J. El Haj
- Institute of Science and Technology in Medicine, Keele University, Medical School, Guy Hilton Research Centre, UHNMStoke‐on‐TrentUnited Kingdom
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