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Sohail A, Barry A, Auburn S, Cheng Q, Lau CL, Lee R, Price RN, Furuya-Kanamori L, Bareng P, McGuinness SL, Leder K. Imported malaria into Australia: surveillance insights and opportunities. J Travel Med 2024; 31:taad164. [PMID: 38127641 PMCID: PMC10998534 DOI: 10.1093/jtm/taad164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malaria continues to pose a significant burden in endemic countries, many of which lack access to molecular surveillance. Insights from malaria cases in travellers returning to non-endemic areas can provide valuable data to inform endemic country programmes. To evaluate the potential for novel global insights into malaria, we examined epidemiological and molecular data from imported malaria cases to Australia. METHODS We analysed malaria cases reported in Australia from 2012 to 2022 using National Notifiable Disease Surveillance System data. Molecular data on imported malaria cases were obtained from literature searches. RESULTS Between 2012 and 2022, 3204 malaria cases were reported in Australia. Most cases (69%) were male and 44% occurred in young adults aged 20-39 years. Incidence rates initially declined between 2012 and 2015, then increased until 2019. During 2012-2019, the incidence in travellers ranged from 1.34 to 7.71 per 100 000 trips. Cases were primarily acquired in Sub-Saharan Africa (n = 1433; 45%), Oceania (n = 569; 18%) and Southern and Central Asia (n = 367; 12%). The most common countries of acquisition were Papua New Guinea (n = 474) and India (n = 277). Plasmodium falciparum accounted for 58% (1871/3204) of cases and was predominantly acquired in Sub-Saharan Africa, and Plasmodium vivax accounted for 32% (1016/3204), predominantly from Oceania and Asia. Molecular studies of imported malaria cases to Australia identified genetic mutations and deletions associated with drug resistance and false-negative rapid diagnostic test results, and led to the establishment of reference genomes for P. vivax and Plasmodium malariae. CONCLUSIONS Our analysis highlights the continuing burden of imported malaria into Australia. Molecular studies have offered valuable insights into drug resistance and diagnostic limitations, and established reference genomes. Integrating molecular data into national surveillance systems could provide important infectious disease intelligence to optimize treatment guidelines for returning travellers and support endemic country surveillance programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Sohail
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne 3004, Australia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Grampians Health, Ballarat 3350, Australia
| | - Alyssa Barry
- Institute for Physical and Mental Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT) and School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong 3220, Australia
- Disease Elimination Program, Burnet Institute, Melbourne 3004, Australia
| | - Sarah Auburn
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin 0800, Australia
| | - Qin Cheng
- Drug Resistance and Diagnostics, Australian Defence Force Malaria and Infectious Disease Institute, Brisbane 4051, Australia
| | - Colleen L Lau
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston 4006, Australia
| | - Rogan Lee
- Parasitology Unit, Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research, Sydney 2145, Australia
| | - Ric N Price
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin 0800, Australia
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 2JD, UK
| | - Luis Furuya-Kanamori
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston 4006, Australia
| | - Paolo Bareng
- Institute for Physical and Mental Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT) and School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong 3220, Australia
| | - Sarah L McGuinness
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne 3004, Australia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Health, Melbourne 3004, Australia
| | - Karin Leder
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne 3004, Australia
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Service, Melbourne Health, Melbourne 3052, Australia
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Bradley L, Yewhalaw D, Hemming-Schroeder E, Jeang B, Lee MC, Zemene E, Degefa T, Lo E, King C, Kazura J, Yan G. Epidemiology of Plasmodium vivax in Duffy negatives and Duffy positives from community and health centre collections in Ethiopia. Malar J 2024; 23:76. [PMID: 38486245 PMCID: PMC10941426 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-024-04895-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malaria remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in Ethiopia with an estimated 3.8 million cases in 2021 and 61% of the population living in areas at risk of malaria transmission. Throughout the country Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum are co-endemic, and Duffy expression is highly heterogeneous. The public health significance of Duffy negativity in relation to P. vivax malaria in Ethiopia, however, remains unclear. This study seeks to explore the prevalence and rates of P. vivax malaria infection across Duffy phenotypes in clinical and community settings. METHODS A total of 9580 and 4667 subjects from community and health facilities from a malaria endemic site and an epidemic-prone site in western Ethiopia were enrolled and examined for P. vivax infection and Duffy expression from February 2018 to April 2021. Association between Duffy expression, P. vivax and P. falciparum infections were examined for samples collected from asymptomatic community volunteers and symptomatic subjects from health centres. RESULTS Infection rate of P. vivax among Duffy positives was 2-22 fold higher than Duffy negatives in asymptomatic volunteers from the community. Parasite positivity rate was 10-50 fold higher in Duffy positives than Duffy negatives among samples collected from febrile patients attending health centres and mixed P. vivax and P. falciparum infections were significantly more common than P. vivax mono infections among Duffy negative individuals. Plasmodium vivax parasitaemia measured by 18sRNA parasite gene copy number was similar between Duffy positives and Duffy negatives. CONCLUSIONS Duffy negativity does not offer complete protection against infection by P. vivax, and cases of P. vivax in Duffy negatives are widespread in Ethiopia, being found in asymptomatic volunteers from communities and in febrile patients from health centres. These findings offer evidence for consideration when developing control and intervention strategies in areas of endemic P. vivax and Duffy heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Bradley
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Delenasaw Yewhalaw
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences and Pathology, College of Health Sciences, Jimma University, 5195, Jimma, Ethiopia
- Tropical and Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Elizabeth Hemming-Schroeder
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Brook Jeang
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Ming-Chieh Lee
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Endalew Zemene
- Tropical and Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Teshome Degefa
- School of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Eugenia Lo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Christopher King
- Center for Global Health and Disease, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - James Kazura
- Center for Global Health and Disease, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Guiyun Yan
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
- Program in Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
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Kattenberg JH, Monsieurs P, De Meyer J, De Meulenaere K, Sauve E, de Oliveira TC, Ferreira MU, Gamboa D, Rosanas‐Urgell A. Population genomic evidence of structured and connected Plasmodium vivax populations under host selection in Latin America. Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e11103. [PMID: 38529021 PMCID: PMC10961478 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.11103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Pathogen genomic epidemiology has the potential to provide a deep understanding of population dynamics, facilitating strategic planning of interventions, monitoring their impact, and enabling timely responses, and thereby supporting control and elimination efforts of parasitic tropical diseases. Plasmodium vivax, responsible for most malaria cases outside Africa, shows high genetic diversity at the population level, driven by factors like sub-patent infections, a hidden reservoir of hypnozoites, and early transmission to mosquitoes. While Latin America has made significant progress in controlling Plasmodium falciparum, it faces challenges with residual P. vivax. To characterize genetic diversity and population structure and dynamics, we have analyzed the largest collection of P. vivax genomes to date, including 1474 high-quality genomes from 31 countries across Asia, Africa, Oceania, and America. While P. vivax shows high genetic diversity globally, Latin American isolates form a distinctive population, which is further divided into sub-populations and occasional clonal pockets. Genetic diversity within the continent was associated with the intensity of transmission. Population differentiation exists between Central America and the North Coast of South America, vs. the Amazon Basin, with significant gene flow within the Amazon Basin, but limited connectivity between the Northwest Coast and the Amazon Basin. Shared genomic regions in these parasite populations indicate adaptive evolution, particularly in genes related to DNA replication, RNA processing, invasion, and motility - crucial for the parasite's survival in diverse environments. Understanding these population-level adaptations is crucial for effective control efforts, offering insights into potential mechanisms behind drug resistance, immune evasion, and transmission dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pieter Monsieurs
- Malariology UnitInstitute of Tropical Medicine AntwerpAntwerpBelgium
| | - Julie De Meyer
- Malariology UnitInstitute of Tropical Medicine AntwerpAntwerpBelgium
- Present address:
Integrated Molecular Plant physiology Research (IMPRES) and Plants and Ecosystems (PLECO), Department of BiologyUniversity of AntwerpAntwerpBelgium
| | | | - Erin Sauve
- Malariology UnitInstitute of Tropical Medicine AntwerpAntwerpBelgium
| | - Thaís C. de Oliveira
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of São PauloSão PauloBrazil
| | - Marcelo U. Ferreira
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of São PauloSão PauloBrazil
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, Institute of Hygiene and Tropical MedicineNova University of LisbonLisbonPortugal
| | - Dionicia Gamboa
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical “Alexander von Humboldt”Universidad Peruana Cayetano HerediaLimaPeru
- Laboratorio de Malaria: Parásitos y Vectores, Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo, Departamento de Ciencias Celulares y Moleculares, Facultad de Ciencias e IngenieríaUniversidad Peruana Cayetano HerediaLimaPeru
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Cabrera-Sosa L, Nolasco O, Kattenberg JH, Fernandez-Miñope C, Valdivia HO, Barazorda K, Rios SADL, Rodriguez-Ferrucci H, Vinetz JM, Rosanas-Urgell A, Geertruyden JPV, Gamboa D, Delgado-Ratto C. Genomic surveillance of malaria parasites in an indigenous community in the Peruvian Amazon. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-3979991. [PMID: 38464169 PMCID: PMC10925399 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3979991/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Hard-to-reach communities represent Peru's main challenge for malaria elimination, but information about transmission in these areas is scarce. Here, we assessed Plasmodium vivax (Pv) and P. falciparum (Pf) transmission dynamics, resistance markers, and Pf hrp 2/3 deletions in Nueva Jerusalén (NJ), a remote, indigenous community in the Peruvian Amazon with high population mobility. We collected samples from November 2019 to May 2020 by active (ACD) and passive case detection (PCD) in NJ. Parasites were identified with microscopy and PCR. Then, we analyzed a representative set of positive-PCR samples (Pv = 68, Pf = 58) using highly-multiplexed deep sequencing assays (AmpliSeq) and compared NJ parasites with ones from other remote Peruvian areas using population genetics indexes. The ACD intervention did not reduce malaria cases in the short term, and persistent malaria transmission was observed (at least one Pv infection was detected in 96% of the study days). In Nueva Jerusalen, the Pv population had modest genetic diversity (He = 0.27). Pf population had lower diversity (He = 0.08) and presented temporal clustering, one of these clusters linked to an outbreak in February 2020. Moreover, Pv and Pf parasites from NJ exhibited variable levels of differentiation (Pv Fst = 0.07-0.52 & Pf Fst = 0.11-0.58) with parasites from other remote areas. No artemisin resistance mutations but chloroquine (57%) and sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (35-67%) were detected in NJ's Pf parasites. Moreover, pfhrp2/3 gene deletions were common (32-50% of parasites with one or both genes deleted). The persistent Pv transmission and the detection of a Pf outbreak with parasites genetically distinct from the local ones highlight the need for tailored interventions focusing on mobility patterns and imported infections in remote areas to eliminate malaria in the Peruvian Amazon.
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5
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Ruybal-Pesántez S, McCann K, Vibin J, Siegel S, Auburn S, Barry AE. Molecular markers for malaria genetic epidemiology: progress and pitfalls. Trends Parasitol 2024; 40:147-163. [PMID: 38129280 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2023.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Over recent years, progress in molecular markers for genotyping malaria parasites has enabled informative studies of epidemiology and transmission dynamics. Results have highlighted the value of these tools for surveillance to support malaria control and elimination strategies. There are many different types and panels of markers available for malaria parasite genotyping, and for end users, the nuances of these markers with respect to 'use case', resolution, and accuracy, are not well defined. This review clarifies issues surrounding different molecular markers and their application to malaria control and elimination. We describe available marker panels, use cases, implications for different transmission settings, limitations, access, cost, and data accuracy. The information provided can be used as a guide for molecular epidemiology and surveillance of malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shazia Ruybal-Pesántez
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, London, UK; Institute of Microbiology, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Kirsty McCann
- Life Sciences Discipline, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Centre for Innovation in Infectious Disease and Immunology Research (CIIDIR), Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT) and School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jessy Vibin
- Life Sciences Discipline, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Centre for Innovation in Infectious Disease and Immunology Research (CIIDIR), Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT) and School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Sarah Auburn
- Menzies School of Health Research and Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia; Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Alyssa E Barry
- Life Sciences Discipline, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Centre for Innovation in Infectious Disease and Immunology Research (CIIDIR), Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT) and School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.
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6
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Kebede AM, Sutanto E, Trimarsanto H, Benavente ED, Barnes M, Pearson RD, Siegel SV, Erko B, Assefa A, Getachew S, Aseffa A, Petros B, Lo E, Mohammed R, Yilma D, Rumaseb A, Nosten F, Noviyanti R, Rayner JC, Kwiatkowski DP, Price RN, Golassa L, Auburn S. Genomic analysis of Plasmodium vivax describes patterns of connectivity and putative drivers of adaptation in Ethiopia. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20788. [PMID: 38012191 PMCID: PMC10682486 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47889-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Ethiopia has the greatest burden of Plasmodium vivax in Africa, but little is known about the epidemiological landscape of parasites across the country. We analysed the genomic diversity of 137 P. vivax isolates collected nine Ethiopian districts from 2012 to 2016. Signatures of selection were detected by cross-country comparisons with isolates from Thailand (n = 104) and Indonesia (n = 111), representing regions with low and high chloroquine resistance respectively. 26% (35/137) of Ethiopian infections were polyclonal, and 48.5% (17/35) of these comprised highly related clones (within-host identity-by-descent > 25%), indicating frequent co-transmission and superinfection. Parasite gene flow between districts could not be explained entirely by geographic distance, with economic and cultural factors hypothesised to have an impact on connectivity. Amplification of the duffy binding protein gene (pvdbp1) was prevalent across all districts (16-75%). Cross-population haplotype homozygosity revealed positive selection in a region proximal to the putative chloroquine resistance transporter gene (pvcrt-o). An S25P variant in amino acid transporter 1 (pvaat1), whose homologue has recently been implicated in P. falciparum chloroquine resistance evolution, was prevalent in Ethiopia (96%) but not Thailand or Indonesia (35-53%). The genomic architecture in Ethiopia highlights circulating variants of potential public health concern in an endemic setting with evidence of stable transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hidayat Trimarsanto
- Menzies School of Health Research and Charles Darwin University, Casuarina, PO Box 41096, Darwin, NT, 0811, Australia
- Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Ernest Diez Benavente
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mariana Barnes
- Menzies School of Health Research and Charles Darwin University, Casuarina, PO Box 41096, Darwin, NT, 0811, Australia
| | | | | | - Berhanu Erko
- Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Ashenafi Assefa
- Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- School of Public Health, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Sisay Getachew
- Armauer Hansen Research Unit (AHRI), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Millipore Sigma (Bioreliance), Rockville, USA
| | - Abraham Aseffa
- Armauer Hansen Research Unit (AHRI), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | | | - Eugenia Lo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Drexel University, Philadelphia, USA
| | | | - Daniel Yilma
- Jimma University Clinical Trial Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Angela Rumaseb
- Menzies School of Health Research and Charles Darwin University, Casuarina, PO Box 41096, Darwin, NT, 0811, Australia
| | - Francois Nosten
- Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Mae Sot, Thailand
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Julian C Rayner
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Ric N Price
- Menzies School of Health Research and Charles Darwin University, Casuarina, PO Box 41096, Darwin, NT, 0811, Australia
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Lemu Golassa
- Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Sarah Auburn
- Menzies School of Health Research and Charles Darwin University, Casuarina, PO Box 41096, Darwin, NT, 0811, Australia.
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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7
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Sutanto E, Pava Z, Echeverry DF, Lopera-Mesa TM, Montenegro LM, Yasnot-Acosta MF, Benavente ED, Pearson RD, Herrera S, Arévalo-Herrera M, Trimarsanto H, Rumaseb A, Noviyanti R, Kwiatkowski DP, Price RN, Auburn S. Genomics of Plasmodium vivax in Colombia reveals evidence of local bottle-necking and inter-country connectivity in the Americas. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19779. [PMID: 37957271 PMCID: PMC10643449 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46076-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Colombia aims to eliminate malaria by 2030 but remains one of the highest burden countries in the Americas. Plasmodium vivax contributes half of all malaria cases, with its control challenged by relapsing parasitaemia, drug resistance and cross-border spread. Using 64 Colombian P. vivax genomes collected between 2013 and 2017, we explored diversity and selection in two major foci of transmission: Chocó and Córdoba. Open-access data from other countries were used for comparative assessment of drug resistance candidates and to assess cross-border spread. Across Colombia, polyclonal infections were infrequent (12%), and infection connectivity was relatively high (median IBD = 5%), consistent with low endemicity. Chocó exhibited a higher frequency of polyclonal infections (23%) than Córdoba (7%), although the difference was not significant (P = 0.300). Most Colombian infections carried double pvdhfr (95%) and single pvdhps (71%) mutants, but other drug resistance mutations were less prevalent (< 10%). There was no evidence of selection at the pvaat1 gene, whose P. falciparum orthologue has recently been implicated in chloroquine resistance. Global population comparisons identified other putative adaptations. Within the Americas, low-level connectivity was observed between Colombia and Peru, highlighting potential for cross-border spread. Our findings demonstrate the potential of molecular data to inform on infection spread and adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zuleima Pava
- Menzies School of Health Research and Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Australia
| | - Diego F Echeverry
- Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
- International Training and Medical Research Center (CIDEIM), Cali, Colombia
| | | | | | - Maria F Yasnot-Acosta
- Grupo de Investigaciones Microbiológicas y Biomédicas de Córdoba (GIMBIC), Universidad de Córdoba, Monteria, Colombia
| | - Ernest Diez Benavente
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Myriam Arévalo-Herrera
- Caucaseco Scientific Research Center, Cali, Colombia
- Centro Internacional de Vacunas, Cali, Colombia
| | - Hidayat Trimarsanto
- Menzies School of Health Research and Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Australia
- Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Angela Rumaseb
- Menzies School of Health Research and Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Australia
| | | | | | - Ric N Price
- Menzies School of Health Research and Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Australia
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sarah Auburn
- Menzies School of Health Research and Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Australia.
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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8
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Rumaseb A, Moraes Barros RR, Sá JM, Juliano JJ, William T, Braima KA, Barber BE, Anstey NM, Price RN, Grigg MJ, Marfurt J, Auburn S. No Association between the Plasmodium vivax crt-o MS334 or In9 pvcrt Polymorphisms and Chloroquine Failure in a Pre-Elimination Clinical Cohort from Malaysia with a Large Clonal Expansion. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2023; 67:e0161022. [PMID: 37314336 PMCID: PMC10353443 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01610-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing reports of resistance to a frontline malaria blood-stage treatment, chloroquine (CQ), raises concerns for the elimination of Plasmodium vivax. The absence of an effective molecular marker of CQ resistance in P. vivax greatly constrains surveillance of this emerging threat. A recent genetic cross between CQ sensitive (CQS) and CQ resistant (CQR) NIH-1993 strains of P. vivax linked a moderate CQR phenotype with two candidate markers in P. vivax CQ resistance transporter gene (pvcrt-o): MS334 and In9pvcrt. Longer TGAAGH motif lengths at MS334 were associated with CQ resistance, as were shorter motifs at the In9pvcrt locus. In this study, high-grade CQR clinical isolates of P. vivax from a low endemic setting in Malaysia were used to investigate the association between the MS334 and In9pvcrt variants and treatment efficacy. Among a total of 49 independent monoclonal P. vivax isolates assessed, high-quality MS334 and In9pvcrt sequences could be derived from 30 (61%) and 23 (47%), respectively. Five MS334 and six In9pvcrt alleles were observed, with allele frequencies ranging from 2 to 76% and 3 to 71%, respectively. None of the clinical isolates had the same variant as the NIH-1993 CQR strain, and none of the variants were associated with CQ treatment failure (all P > 0.05). Multi-locus genotypes (MLGs) at 9 neutral microsatellites revealed a predominant P. vivax strain (MLG6) accounting for 52% of Day 0 infections. The MLG6 strain comprised equal proportions of CQS and CQR infections. Our study reveals complexity in the genetic basis of CQ resistance in the Malaysian P. vivax pre-elimination setting and suggests that the proposed pvcrt-o MS334 and In9pvcrt markers are not reliable markers of CQ treatment efficacy in this setting. Further studies are needed in other endemic settings, applying hypothesis-free genome-wide approaches, and functional approaches to understand the biological impact of the TGAAGH repeats linked to CQ response in a cross are warranted to comprehend and track CQR P. vivax.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Rumaseb
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research and Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Roberto R. Moraes Barros
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana M. Sá
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jonathan J. Juliano
- Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Timothy William
- Clinical Research Centre, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Sabah, Malaysia
- Infectious Diseases Society Sabah-Menzies School of Health Research Clinical Research Unit, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Kamil A. Braima
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research and Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Bridget E. Barber
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research and Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Nicholas M. Anstey
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research and Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
- Infectious Diseases Society Sabah-Menzies School of Health Research Clinical Research Unit, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Ric N. Price
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research and Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Matthew J. Grigg
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research and Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
- Infectious Diseases Society Sabah-Menzies School of Health Research Clinical Research Unit, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Jutta Marfurt
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research and Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Sarah Auburn
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research and Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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9
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Jeang B, Lee MC, Embury P, Yewhalaw D, Narum D, King C, Tham WH, Kazura J, Yan G, Dent A. Serological Markers of Exposure to Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax Infection in Southwestern Ethiopia. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2023; 108:871-881. [PMID: 37037443 PMCID: PMC10160885 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.22-0645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023] Open
Abstract
As malaria control and elimination efforts ramp up in Ethiopia, more sensitive tools for assessing exposure to coendemic Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax are needed to accurately characterize malaria risk and epidemiology. Serological markers have been increasingly explored as cost-effective tools for measuring transmission intensity and evaluating intervention effectiveness. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the efficacy of a panel of 10 serological markers as a proxy for malaria exposure and to determine underlying risk factors of seropositivity. We conducted cross-sectional surveys in two sites of contrasting malaria transmission intensities in southwestern Ethiopia: Arjo in Oromia Region (low transmission) and Gambella in Gambella Regional State (moderate transmission). We measured antibody reactivity against six P. falciparum (AMA-1, CSP, EBA175RIII-V, MSP-142, MSP-3, RH2ab) and four P. vivax (DBPII[Sal1], EBP2, MSP-119, RBP2b) targets. We used mixed effects logistic regressions to assess predictors of seropositivity. Plasmodium spp. infection prevalence by quantitative polymerase chain reaction was 1.36% in Arjo and 10.20% in Gambella. Seroprevalence and antibody levels against all 10 antigens were higher in Gambella than in Arjo. We observed spatial heterogeneities in seroprevalence across Arjo and smaller variations across Gambella. Seroprevalence in both sites was lowest against PfCSP and highest against PfAMA-1, PfMSP-142, and PvMSPS-119. Male sex, age, and agricultural occupation were positively associated with seropositivity in Arjo; associations were less pronounced in Gambella. Our findings demonstrate that seroprevalence and antibody levels to specific Plasmodium antigens can be used to identify high-risk groups and geographical areas where interventions to reduce malaria transmission should be implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brook Jeang
- Program in Public Health, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Ming-Chieh Lee
- Program in Public Health, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Paula Embury
- Center for Global Health and Diseases, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Delenasaw Yewhalaw
- School of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
- Tropical and Infectious Diseases Research Center, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - David Narum
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Christopher King
- Center for Global Health and Diseases, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Wai-Hong Tham
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - James Kazura
- Center for Global Health and Diseases, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Guiyun Yan
- Program in Public Health, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Arlene Dent
- Center for Global Health and Diseases, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
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10
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Siegel SV, Amato R, Trimarsanto H, Sutanto E, Kleinecke M, Murie K, Whitton G, Taylor AR, Watson JA, Imwong M, Assefa A, Rahim AG, Chau NH, Hien TT, Green JA, Koh G, White NJ, Day N, Kwiatkowski DP, Rayner JC, Price RN, Auburn S. Lineage-informative microhaplotypes for spatio-temporal surveillance of Plasmodium vivax malaria parasites. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.03.13.23287179. [PMID: 36993192 PMCID: PMC10055443 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.13.23287179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Challenges in understanding the origin of recurrent Plasmodium vivax infections constrains the surveillance of antimalarial efficacy and transmission of this neglected parasite. Recurrent infections within an individual may arise from activation of dormant liver stages (relapse), blood-stage treatment failure (recrudescence) or new inoculations (reinfection). Molecular inference of familial relatedness (identity-by-descent or IBD) based on whole genome sequence data, together with analysis of the intervals between parasitaemic episodes ("time-to-event" analysis), can help resolve the probable origin of recurrences. Whole genome sequencing of predominantly low-density P. vivax infections is challenging, so an accurate and scalable genotyping method to determine the origins of recurrent parasitaemia would be of significant benefit. We have developed a P. vivax genome-wide informatics pipeline to select specific microhaplotype panels that can capture IBD within small, amplifiable segments of the genome. Using a global set of 615 P. vivax genomes, we derived a panel of 100 microhaplotypes, each comprising 3-10 high frequency SNPs within <200 bp sequence windows. This panel exhibits high diversity in regions of the Asia-Pacific, Latin America and the horn of Africa (median HE = 0.70-0.81) and it captured 89% (273/307) of the polyclonal infections detected with genome-wide datasets. Using data simulations, we demonstrate lower error in estimating pairwise IBD using microhaplotypes, relative to traditional biallelic SNP barcodes. Our panel exhibited high accuracy in predicting the country of origin (median Matthew's correlation coefficient >0.9 in 90% countries tested) and it also captured local infection outbreak and bottlenecking events. The informatics pipeline is available open-source and yields microhaplotypes that can be readily transferred to high-throughput amplicon sequencing assays for surveillance in malaria-endemic regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasha V. Siegel
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
- Menzies School of Health Research and Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory 0811, Australia
| | - Roberto Amato
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
- MRC Centre for Genomics and Global Health, Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Hidayat Trimarsanto
- Menzies School of Health Research and Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory 0811, Australia
- Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
| | - Edwin Sutanto
- Exeins Health Initiative, Jakarta Selatan 12870, Indonesia
| | - Mariana Kleinecke
- Menzies School of Health Research and Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory 0811, Australia
| | - Kathryn Murie
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | | | - Aimee R. Taylor
- Institut Pasteur, University de Paris, Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Analytics Unit, Paris, France
| | - James A. Watson
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, OX3 7LJ, UK
| | - Mallika Imwong
- Department of Molecular Tropical Medicine and Genetics, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Awab Ghulam Rahim
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- Nangarhar Medical Faculty, Nangarhar University, Ministry of Higher Education, Afghanistan
| | - Nguyen Hoang Chau
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, 764 Vo Van Kiet, W.1, Dist.5, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Tran Tinh Hien
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, 764 Vo Van Kiet, W.1, Dist.5, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | | | | | - Nicholas J. White
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, OX3 7LJ, UK
| | - Nicholas Day
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, OX3 7LJ, UK
| | - Dominic P. Kwiatkowski
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, OX3 7LJ, UK
| | - Julian C. Rayner
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Ric N. Price
- Menzies School of Health Research and Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory 0811, Australia
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, OX3 7LJ, UK
| | - Sarah Auburn
- Menzies School of Health Research and Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory 0811, Australia
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
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11
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Trimarsanto H, Amato R, Pearson RD, Sutanto E, Noviyanti R, Trianty L, Marfurt J, Pava Z, Echeverry DF, Lopera-Mesa TM, Montenegro LM, Tobón-Castaño A, Grigg MJ, Barber B, William T, Anstey NM, Getachew S, Petros B, Aseffa A, Assefa A, Rahim AG, Chau NH, Hien TT, Alam MS, Khan WA, Ley B, Thriemer K, Wangchuck S, Hamedi Y, Adam I, Liu Y, Gao Q, Sriprawat K, Ferreira MU, Laman M, Barry A, Mueller I, Lacerda MVG, Llanos-Cuentas A, Krudsood S, Lon C, Mohammed R, Yilma D, Pereira DB, Espino FEJ, Chu CS, Vélez ID, Namaik-Larp C, Villegas MF, Green JA, Koh G, Rayner JC, Drury E, Gonçalves S, Simpson V, Miotto O, Miles A, White NJ, Nosten F, Kwiatkowski DP, Price RN, Auburn S. A molecular barcode and web-based data analysis tool to identify imported Plasmodium vivax malaria. Commun Biol 2022; 5:1411. [PMID: 36564617 PMCID: PMC9789135 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-04352-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditionally, patient travel history has been used to distinguish imported from autochthonous malaria cases, but the dormant liver stages of Plasmodium vivax confound this approach. Molecular tools offer an alternative method to identify, and map imported cases. Using machine learning approaches incorporating hierarchical fixation index and decision tree analyses applied to 799 P. vivax genomes from 21 countries, we identified 33-SNP, 50-SNP and 55-SNP barcodes (GEO33, GEO50 and GEO55), with high capacity to predict the infection's country of origin. The Matthews correlation coefficient (MCC) for an existing, commonly applied 38-SNP barcode (BR38) exceeded 0.80 in 62% countries. The GEO panels outperformed BR38, with median MCCs > 0.80 in 90% countries at GEO33, and 95% at GEO50 and GEO55. An online, open-access, likelihood-based classifier framework was established to support data analysis (vivaxGEN-geo). The SNP selection and classifier methods can be readily amended for other use cases to support malaria control programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidayat Trimarsanto
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research and Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT, Australia
- Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Roberto Amato
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Edwin Sutanto
- Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Exeins Health Initiative, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | | | - Leily Trianty
- Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Jutta Marfurt
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research and Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT, Australia
| | - Zuleima Pava
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research and Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT, Australia
| | - Diego F Echeverry
- International Training and Medical Research Center (CIDEIM), Cali, Colombia
- Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
- Universidad Icesi, Cali, Colombia
| | | | | | | | - Matthew J Grigg
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research and Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT, Australia
- Infectious Diseases Society Sabah-Menzies School of Health Research Clinical Research Unit, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Bridget Barber
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research and Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT, Australia
- Infectious Diseases Society Sabah-Menzies School of Health Research Clinical Research Unit, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Timothy William
- Infectious Diseases Society Sabah-Menzies School of Health Research Clinical Research Unit, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
- Clinical Research Centre, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Nicholas M Anstey
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research and Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT, Australia
| | - Sisay Getachew
- College of Natural Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Beyene Petros
- College of Natural Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Abraham Aseffa
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | | | - Awab G Rahim
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Nangarhar Medical Faculty, Nangarhar University, Ministry of Higher Education, Jalalabad, Afghanistan
| | - Nguyen H Chau
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Tran T Hien
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Mohammad S Alam
- Infectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrheal Diseases Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Wasif A Khan
- Infectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrheal Diseases Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Benedikt Ley
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research and Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT, Australia
| | - Kamala Thriemer
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research and Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT, Australia
| | - Sonam Wangchuck
- Royal Center for Disease Control, Department of Public Health, Ministry of Health, Thimphu, Bhutan
| | - Yaghoob Hamedi
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Hormozgan Province, Iran
| | - Ishag Adam
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Yaobao Liu
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Control Technology, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, China
- School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qi Gao
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Control Technology, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, China
| | - Kanlaya Sriprawat
- Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Mae Sot, Thailand
| | - Marcelo U Ferreira
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, Institute of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, NOVA University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Moses Laman
- Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, Madang, Papua New Guinea
| | - Alyssa Barry
- Deakin University, Victoria, Australia
- Population Health and Immunity Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ivo Mueller
- Population Health and Immunity Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Parasites and Insect Vectors, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Marcus V G Lacerda
- Fundação de Medicina Tropical, Manaus, Brazil
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | - Chanthap Lon
- Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | | | | | - Fe E J Espino
- Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Manilla, Philippines
| | - Cindy S Chu
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Mae Sot, Thailand
| | - Iván D Vélez
- Malaria Group, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia
| | | | | | | | | | - Julian C Rayner
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Eleanor Drury
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sónia Gonçalves
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Victoria Simpson
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Olivo Miotto
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Alistair Miles
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nicholas J White
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Francois Nosten
- Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Mae Sot, Thailand
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Ric N Price
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research and Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT, Australia
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sarah Auburn
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research and Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT, Australia.
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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12
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Habtamu K, Petros B, Yan G. Plasmodium vivax: the potential obstacles it presents to malaria elimination and eradication. Trop Dis Travel Med Vaccines 2022; 8:27. [PMID: 36522671 PMCID: PMC9753897 DOI: 10.1186/s40794-022-00185-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Initiatives to eradicate malaria have a good impact on P. falciparum malaria worldwide. P. vivax, however, still presents significant difficulties. This is due to its unique biological traits, which, in comparison to P. falciparum, pose serious challenges for malaria elimination approaches. P. vivax's numerous distinctive characteristics and its ability to live for weeks to years in liver cells in its hypnozoite form, which may elude the human immune system and blood-stage therapy and offer protection during mosquito-free seasons. Many malaria patients are not fully treated because of contraindications to primaquine use in pregnant and nursing women and are still vulnerable to P. vivax relapses, although there are medications that could radical cure P. vivax. Additionally, due to CYP2D6's highly variable genetic polymorphism, the pharmacokinetics of primaquine may be impacted. Due to their inability to metabolize PQ, some CYP2D6 polymorphism alleles can cause patients to not respond to treatment. Tafenoquine offers a radical treatment in a single dose that overcomes the potentially serious problem of poor adherence to daily primaquine. Despite this benefit, hemolysis of the early erythrocytes continues in individuals with G6PD deficiency until all susceptible cells have been eliminated. Field techniques such as microscopy or rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) miss the large number of submicroscopic and/or asymptomatic infections brought on by reticulocyte tropism and the low parasitemia levels that accompany it. Moreover, P. vivax gametocytes grow more quickly and are much more prevalent in the bloodstream. P. vivax populations also have a great deal of genetic variation throughout their genome, which ensures evolutionary fitness and boosts adaptation potential. Furthermore, P. vivax fully develops in the mosquito faster than P. falciparum. These characteristics contribute to parasite reservoirs in the human population and facilitate faster transmission. Overall, no genuine chance of eradication is predicted in the next few years unless new tools for lowering malaria transmission are developed (i.e., malaria elimination and eradication). The challenging characteristics of P. vivax that impede the elimination and eradication of malaria are thus discussed in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kassahun Habtamu
- Department of Microbial, Cellular & Molecular Biology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Menelik II Medical & Health Science College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Beyene Petros
- Department of Microbial, Cellular & Molecular Biology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Guiyun Yan
- Program in Public Health, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
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13
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This is a review of Plasmodium vivax epidemiology, pathogenesis, disease presentation, treatment and innovations in control and elimination. Here, we examine the recent literature and summarize new advances and ongoing challenges in the management of P. vivax . RECENT FINDINGS P. vivax has a complex life cycle in the human host which impacts disease severity and treatment regimens. There is increasing data for the presence of cryptic reservoirs in the spleen and bone marrow which may contribute to chronic vivax infections and possibly disease severity. Methods to map the geospatial epidemiology of P. vivax chloroquine resistance are advancing, and they will inform local treatment guidelines. P. vivax treatment requires an 8-aminoquinoline to eradicate the dormant liver stage. Evidence suggests that higher doses of 8-aminoquinolines may be needed for radical cure of tropical frequent-relapsing strains. SUMMARY P. vivax is a significant global health problem. There have been recent developments in understanding the complexity of P. vivax biology and optimization of antimalarial therapy. Studies toward the development of best practices for P. vivax control and elimination programs are ongoing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazia Khan
- Department of Medicine (Infectious Diseases), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Johanna P. Daily
- Department of Medicine (Infectious Diseases), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
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14
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Kattenberg JH, Nguyen HV, Nguyen HL, Sauve E, Nguyen NTH, Chopo-Pizarro A, Trimarsanto H, Monsieurs P, Guetens P, Nguyen XX, Esbroeck MV, Auburn S, Nguyen BTH, Rosanas-Urgell A. Novel highly-multiplexed AmpliSeq targeted assay for Plasmodium vivax genetic surveillance use cases at multiple geographical scales. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:953187. [PMID: 36034708 PMCID: PMC9403277 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.953187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the power of genetic surveillance tools has been acknowledged widely, there is an urgent need in malaria endemic countries for feasible and cost-effective tools to implement in national malaria control programs (NMCPs) that can generate evidence to guide malaria control and elimination strategies, especially in the case of Plasmodium vivax. Several genetic surveillance applications (‘use cases’) have been identified to align research, technology development, and public health efforts, requiring different types of molecular markers. Here we present a new highly-multiplexed deep sequencing assay (Pv AmpliSeq). The assay targets the 33-SNP vivaxGEN-geo panel for country-level classification, and a newly designed 42-SNP within-country barcode for analysis of parasite dynamics in Vietnam and 11 putative drug resistance genes in a highly multiplexed NGS protocol with easy workflow, applicable for many different genetic surveillance use cases. The Pv AmpliSeq assay was validated using: 1) isolates from travelers and migrants in Belgium, and 2) routine collections of the national malaria control program at sentinel sites in Vietnam. The assay targets 229 amplicons and achieved a high depth of coverage (mean 595.7 ± 481) and high accuracy (mean error-rate of 0.013 ± 0.007). P. vivax parasites could be characterized from dried blood spots with a minimum of 5 parasites/µL and 10% of minority-clones. The assay achieved good spatial specificity for between-country prediction of origin using the 33-SNP vivaxGEN-geo panel that targets rare alleles specific for certain countries and regions. A high resolution for within-country diversity in Vietnam was achieved using the designed 42-SNP within-country barcode that targets common alleles (median MAF 0.34, range 0.01-0.49. Many variants were detected in (putative) drug resistance genes, with different predominant haplotypes in the pvmdr1 and pvcrt genes in different provinces in Vietnam. The capacity of the assay for high resolution identity-by-descent (IBD) analysis was demonstrated and identified a high rate of shared ancestry within Gia Lai Province in the Central Highlands of Vietnam, as well as between the coastal province of Binh Thuan and Lam Dong. Our approach performed well in geographically differentiating isolates at multiple spatial scales, detecting variants in putative resistance genes, and can be easily adjusted to suit the needs in other settings in a country or region. We prioritize making this tool available to researchers and NMCPs in endemic countries to increase ownership and ensure data usage for decision-making and malaria policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Helena Kattenberg
- Biomedical Sciences Department, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
- *Correspondence: Johanna Helena Kattenberg, ; Anna Rosanas-Urgell,
| | - Hong Van Nguyen
- Department of Clinical Research, National Institute of Malariology, Parasitology and Entomology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Hieu Luong Nguyen
- Department of Clinical Research, National Institute of Malariology, Parasitology and Entomology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Erin Sauve
- Biomedical Sciences Department, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Ngoc Thi Hong Nguyen
- Department of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Malariology, Parasitology and Entomology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Ana Chopo-Pizarro
- Biomedical Sciences Department, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Hidayat Trimarsanto
- Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT, Australia
| | - Pieter Monsieurs
- Biomedical Sciences Department, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Pieter Guetens
- Biomedical Sciences Department, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Xa Xuan Nguyen
- Department of Epidemiology, National Institute of Malariology, Parasitology and Entomology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Marjan Van Esbroeck
- Clinical Sciences Department, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sarah Auburn
- Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT, Australia
- Mahidol‐Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Binh Thi Huong Nguyen
- Department of Clinical Research, National Institute of Malariology, Parasitology and Entomology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Anna Rosanas-Urgell
- Biomedical Sciences Department, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
- *Correspondence: Johanna Helena Kattenberg, ; Anna Rosanas-Urgell,
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15
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Abate A, Bouyssou I, Mabilotte S, Doderer-Lang C, Dembele L, Menard D, Golassa L. Vivax malaria in Duffy-negative patients shows invariably low asexual parasitaemia: implication towards malaria control in Ethiopia. Malar J 2022; 21:230. [PMID: 35915453 PMCID: PMC9341100 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-022-04250-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The increase in detections of Plasmodium vivax infection in Duffy-negative individuals in Africa has challenged the dogma establishing the unique P. vivax Duffy Binding Protein-Duffy antigen receptor for chemokines (PvDBP-DARC) pathway used by P. vivax merozoites to invade reticulocytes. Information on the impact of Duffy antigen polymorphisms on the epidemiology of P. vivax malaria remains elusive. The objective of this study was to determine the distribution of asexual parasitaemia of P. vivax according to the Duffy antigen polymorphisms in Ethiopia. METHODS DNA was extracted from dried blood spots (DBS) collected from prospectively recruited 138 P. vivax-infected patients from health centres. The identification and estimation of P. vivax asexual parasitaemia were performed by microscopic examination and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Duffy genotyping was conducted by DNA sequencing in a total of 138 P.vivax infected samples. RESULTS The proportion of Duffy-negatives (FY*BES/FY*BES) in P. vivax infected patients was 2.9% (4/138). Duffy genotype FY*B/FY*BES (48.6%) was the most common, followed by FY*A/FY*BES genotype (25.4%). In one patient, the FY*02 W.01/FY*02 N.01 genotype conferring a weak expression of the Fyb antigen was observed. All P.vivax infected Duffy-negative patients showed low asexual parasitaemia (≤ 110 parasites/µL). The median P. vivax parasitaemia in Duffy-negative patients (53 parasites/µL) was significantly lower than those found in homozygous and heterozygous individuals (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION Plasmodium vivax in Duffy-negative patients shows invariably low asexual parasitaemia. This finding suggests that the pathway used by P. vivax to invade Duffy-negative reticulocytes is much less efficient than that used in Duffy-positives. Moreover, the low asexual parasitaemia observed in Duffy-negative individuals could constitute an 'undetected silent reservoir', thus likely delaying the elimination of vivax malaria in Ethiopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andargie Abate
- Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.
| | - Isabelle Bouyssou
- Malaria Genetics and Resistance Unit, Institut Pasteur, INSERM U1201, Paris, France
- ED515 Complexité du Vivant, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Solenne Mabilotte
- Institute of Parasitology and Tropical Diseases, UR7292 Dynamics of Host-Pathogen Interactions, Federation of Translational Medicine, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Cecile Doderer-Lang
- Institute of Parasitology and Tropical Diseases, UR7292 Dynamics of Host-Pathogen Interactions, Federation of Translational Medicine, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Laurent Dembele
- Malaria Research and Training Centre (MRTC), Université des Sciences, des Techniques et des Technologies de Bamako (USTTB), Bamako, Mali
| | - Didier Menard
- Malaria Genetics and Resistance Unit, Institut Pasteur, INSERM U1201, Paris, France
- Institute of Parasitology and Tropical Diseases, UR7292 Dynamics of Host-Pathogen Interactions, Federation of Translational Medicine, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Laboratory of Parasitology and Medical Mycology, Strasbourg University Hospital, Strasbourg, France
| | - Lemu Golassa
- Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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16
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Loeffel M, Ross A. The relative impact of interventions on sympatric Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum malaria: A systematic review. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2022; 16:e0010541. [PMID: 35767578 PMCID: PMC9242512 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background
In areas with both Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum malaria, interventions can reduce the burden of both species but the impact may vary due to their different biology. Knowing the expected relative impact on the two species over time for vector- and drug-based interventions, and the factors affecting this, could help plan and evaluate intervention strategies.
Methods
For three interventions (treated bed nets (ITN), mass drug administration (MDA) and indoor residual spraying (IRS)), we identified studies providing information on the proportion of clinical illness and patent infections attributed to P. vivax over time using a literature search. The change in the proportion of malaria attributed to P. vivax up to two years since implementation was estimated using logistic regression accounting for clustering with random effects. Potential factors (intervention type, coverage, relapse pattern, transmission intensity, seasonality, initial proportion of P. vivax and round of intervention) were assessed.
Results
In total there were 55 studies found that led to 72 series of time-points for clinical case data and 69 series for patent infection data. The main reason of study exclusion was insufficient information on interventions. There was considerable variation in the proportion of malaria attributed to P. vivax over time by study and location for all of the interventions. Overall, there was an increase apart from MDA in the short-term. The potential factors could not be ruled in or out. Although not consistently significant, coverage, transmission intensity and relapse pattern are possible factors that explain some of the variation found.
Conclusion
While there are reports of an increase in the proportion of malaria due to P. vivax following interventions in the long-term, there was substantial variation for the shorter time-scales considered in this study (up to 24 months for IRS and ITN, and up to six months for MDA). The large variability points to the need for the monitoring of both species after an intervention. Studies should report intervention timing and characteristics to allow inclusion in systematic reviews.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Loeffel
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Allschwil, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Amanda Ross
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Allschwil, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
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17
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Park JH, Kim MH, Sutanto E, Na SW, Kim MJ, Yeom JS, Nyunt MH, Abbas Elfaki MM, Abdel Hamid MM, Cha SH, Alemu SG, Sriprawat K, Anstey NM, Grigg MJ, Barber BE, William T, Gao Q, Liu Y, Pearson RD, Price RN, Nosten F, Yoon SI, No JH, Han ET, Auburn S, Russell B, Han JH. Geographical distribution and genetic diversity of Plasmodium vivax reticulocyte binding protein 1a correlates with patient antigenicity. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2022; 16:e0010492. [PMID: 35737709 PMCID: PMC9258880 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Plasmodium vivax is the most widespread cause of human malaria. Recent reports of drug resistant vivax malaria and the challenge of eradicating the dormant liver forms increase the importance of vaccine development against this relapsing disease. P. vivax reticulocyte binding protein 1a (PvRBP1a) is a potential vaccine candidate, which is involved in red cell tropism, a crucial step in the merozoite invasion of host reticulocytes. As part of the initial evaluation of the PvRBP1a vaccine candidate, we investigated its genetic diversity and antigenicity using geographically diverse clinical isolates. We analysed pvrbp1a genetic polymorphisms using 202 vivax clinical isolates from six countries. Pvrbp1a was separated into six regions based on specific domain features, sequence conserved/polymorphic regions, and the reticulocyte binding like (RBL) domains. In the fragmented gene sequence analysis, PvRBP1a region II (RII) and RIII (head and tail structure homolog, 152-625 aa.) showed extensive polymorphism caused by random point mutations. The haplotype network of these polymorphic regions was classified into three clusters that converged to independent populations. Antigenicity screening was performed using recombinant proteins PvRBP1a-N (157-560 aa.) and PvRBP1a-C (606-962 aa.), which contained head and tail structure region and sequence conserved region, respectively. Sensitivity against PvRBP1a-N (46.7%) was higher than PvRBP1a-C (17.8%). PvRBP1a-N was reported as a reticulocyte binding domain and this study identified a linear epitope with moderate antigenicity, thus an attractive domain for merozoite invasion-blocking vaccine development. However, our study highlights that a global PvRBP1a-based vaccine design needs to overcome several difficulties due to three distinct genotypes and low antigenicity levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hoon Park
- Department of Medical Environmental Biology and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Hee Kim
- Department of Medical Environmental Biology and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Edwin Sutanto
- Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Seok-Won Na
- Department of Medical Environmental Biology and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Jae Kim
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Sup Yeom
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Mohammed Mohieldien Abbas Elfaki
- Department of Parasitology and Medical Entomology, Institute of Endemic Diseases, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jizan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muzamil Mahdi Abdel Hamid
- Department of Parasitology and Medical Entomology, Institute of Endemic Diseases, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Seok Ho Cha
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sisay Getachew Alemu
- College of Natural Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Jimma Road, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Bioreliance, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Kanlaya Sriprawat
- Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Mae Sot, Tak, Thailand
| | - Nicholas M. Anstey
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research and Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Australia
| | - Matthew J. Grigg
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research and Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Australia
- Infectious Diseases Society Sabah-Menzies School of Health Research Clinical Research Unit, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Bridget E. Barber
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research and Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Australia
- Infectious Diseases Society Sabah-Menzies School of Health Research Clinical Research Unit, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Timothy William
- Infectious Diseases Society Sabah-Menzies School of Health Research Clinical Research Unit, Sabah, Malaysia
- Clinical Research Centre, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Sabah, Malaysia
- Gleneagles Hospital, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Qi Gao
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Control Technology, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, China
| | - Yaobao Liu
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Control Technology, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, China
- School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | | | - Ric N. Price
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research and Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Australia
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine Research Building, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Francois Nosten
- Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Mae Sot, Tak, Thailand
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine Research Building, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Sung-Il Yoon
- Division of Biomedical Convergence, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Hwan No
- Host-Parasite Research Laboratory, Institut Pasteur Korea, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Taek Han
- Department of Medical Environmental Biology and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sarah Auburn
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research and Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Australia
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine Research Building, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Bruce Russell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Jin-Hee Han
- Department of Medical Environmental Biology and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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18
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Plasmodium vivax malaria serological exposure markers: Assessing the degree and implications of cross-reactivity with P. knowlesi. Cell Rep Med 2022; 3:100662. [PMID: 35732155 PMCID: PMC9245056 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2022.100662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Serological markers are a promising tool for surveillance and targeted interventions for Plasmodium vivax malaria. P. vivax is closely related to the zoonotic parasite P. knowlesi, which also infects humans. P. vivax and P. knowlesi are co-endemic across much of South East Asia, making it important to design serological markers that minimize cross-reactivity in this region. To determine the degree of IgG cross-reactivity against a panel of P. vivax serological markers, we assayed samples from human patients with P. knowlesi malaria. IgG antibody reactivity is high against P. vivax proteins with high sequence identity with their P. knowlesi ortholog. IgG reactivity peaks at 7 days post-P. knowlesi infection and is short-lived, with minimal responses 1 year post-infection. We designed a panel of eight P. vivax proteins with low levels of cross-reactivity with P. knowlesi. This panel can accurately classify recent P. vivax infections while reducing misclassification of recent P. knowlesi infections.
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19
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Kibwana E, Kapulu M, Bejon P. Controlled Human Malaria Infection Studies in Africa-Past, Present, and Future. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2022. [PMID: 35704094 DOI: 10.1007/82_2022_256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Controlled human infection studies have contributed significantly to the understanding of pathogeneses and treatment of infectious diseases. In malaria, deliberately infecting humans with malaria parasites was used as a treatment for neurosyphilis in the early 1920s. More recently, controlled human malaria infection (CHMI) has become a valuable, cost-effective tool to fast-track the development and evaluation of new anti-malarial drugs and/or vaccines. CHMI studies have also been used to define host/parasite interactions and immunological correlates of protection. CHMI involves infecting a small number of healthy volunteers with malaria parasites, monitoring their parasitemia and providing anti-malarial treatment when a set threshold is reached. In this review we discuss the introduction, development, and challenges of modern-day Plasmodium falciparum CHMI studies conducted in Africa, and the impact of naturally acquired immunity on infectivity and vaccine efficacy. CHMIs have shown to be an invaluable tool particularly in accelerating malaria vaccine research. Although there are limitations of CHMI studies for estimating public health impacts and for regulatory purposes, their strength lies in proof-of-concept efficacy data at an early stage of development, providing a faster way to select vaccines for further development and providing valuable insights in understanding the mechanisms of immunity to malarial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Kibwana
- Bioscience Department, KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Program, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Melissa Kapulu
- Bioscience Department, KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Program, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Philip Bejon
- KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Program, Kilifi, Kenya.
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20
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Adam I, Alam MS, Alemu S, Amaratunga C, Amato R, Andrianaranjaka V, Anstey NM, Aseffa A, Ashley E, Assefa A, Auburn S, Barber BE, Barry A, Batista Pereira D, Cao J, Chau NH, Chotivanich K, Chu C, Dondorp AM, Drury E, Echeverry DF, Erko B, Espino F, Fairhurst R, Faiz A, Fernanda Villegas M, Gao Q, Golassa L, Goncalves S, Grigg MJ, Hamedi Y, Hien TT, Htut Y, Johnson KJ, Karunaweera N, Khan W, Krudsood S, Kwiatkowski DP, Lacerda M, Ley B, Lim P, Liu Y, Llanos-Cuentas A, Lon C, Lopera-Mesa T, Marfurt J, Michon P, Miotto O, Mohammed R, Mueller I, Namaik-larp C, Newton PN, Nguyen TN, Nosten F, Noviyanti R, Pava Z, Pearson RD, Petros B, Phyo AP, Price RN, Pukrittayakamee S, Rahim AG, Randrianarivelojosia M, Rayner JC, Rumaseb A, Siegel SV, Simpson VJ, Thriemer K, Tobon-Castano A, Trimarsanto H, Urbano Ferreira M, Vélez ID, Wangchuk S, Wellems TE, White NJ, William T, Yasnot MF, Yilma D. An open dataset of Plasmodium vivax genome variation in 1,895 worldwide samples. Wellcome Open Res 2022; 7:136. [PMID: 35651694 PMCID: PMC9127374 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.17795.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
This report describes the MalariaGEN Pv4 dataset, a new release of curated genome variation data on 1,895 samples of Plasmodium vivax collected at 88 worldwide locations between 2001 and 2017. It includes 1,370 new samples contributed by MalariaGEN and VivaxGEN partner studies in addition to previously published samples from these and other sources. We provide genotype calls at over 4.5 million variable positions including over 3 million single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), as well as short indels and tandem duplications. This enlarged dataset highlights major compartments of parasite population structure, with clear differentiation between Africa, Latin America, Oceania, Western Asia and different parts of Southeast Asia. Each sample has been classified for drug resistance to sulfadoxine, pyrimethamine and mefloquine based on known markers at the dhfr, dhps and mdr1 loci. The prevalence of all of these resistance markers was much higher in Southeast Asia and Oceania than elsewhere. This open resource of analysis-ready genome variation data from the MalariaGEN and VivaxGEN networks is driven by our collective goal to advance research into the complex biology of P. vivax and to accelerate genomic surveillance for malaria control and elimination.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ishag Adam
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Mohammad Shafiul Alam
- Infectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrheal Diseases Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR,B), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Sisay Alemu
- Armauer Hansen Research Unit (AHRI), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia,Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia,MilliporeSigma (Bioreliance), Rockville, USA
| | - Chanaki Amaratunga
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), NIH, Bethesda, USA
| | | | | | - Nicholas M Anstey
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research and Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Australia
| | - Abraham Aseffa
- Armauer Hansen Research Unit (AHRI), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Elizabeth Ashley
- Lao-Oxford-Mahosot Hospital-Wellcome Trust Research Unit, Microbiology Laboratory, Mahosot Hospital, Vientiane, Lao People's Democratic Republic,Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Sarah Auburn
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research and Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Australia,Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK,Mahidol‐Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Bridget E Barber
- Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, Australia,QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Alyssa Barry
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, Australia,Deakin University, Geelong, Australia,Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Jun Cao
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Control Technology, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, China,Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Nguyen Hoang Chau
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | | | - Cindy Chu
- Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Mae Sot, Thailand
| | - Arjen M. Dondorp
- Mahidol‐Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Diego F. Echeverry
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Facultad de Salud, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
| | - Berhanu Erko
- Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Fe Espino
- Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Department of Health, Manila, Philippines
| | | | | | | | - Qi Gao
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Control Technology, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, China
| | - Lemu Golassa
- Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | | | - Matthew J Grigg
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research and Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Australia
| | - Yaghoob Hamedi
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Tran Tinh Hien
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Ye Htut
- Department of Medical Research, Yangon, Myanmar
| | | | - Nadira Karunaweera
- University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka,School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, USA
| | - Wasif Khan
- Infectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrheal Diseases Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR,B), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | | | - Marcus Lacerda
- Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica Carlos Borborema, Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Brazil,Instituto Leônidas & Maria Deane, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Benedikt Ley
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research and Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Australia
| | - Pharath Lim
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), NIH, Bethesda, USA,Parsons Corporation, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), Silver Spring, USA
| | - Yaobao Liu
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Control Technology, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, China,Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | | | - Chanthap Lon
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | | | - Jutta Marfurt
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research and Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Australia
| | | | - Olivo Miotto
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK,Mahidol‐Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Rezika Mohammed
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Ivo Mueller
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, Australia
| | | | - Paul N Newton
- Lao-Oxford-Mahosot Hospital-Wellcome Trust Research Unit, Microbiology Laboratory, Mahosot Hospital, Vientiane, Lao People's Democratic Republic,Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Thuy-Nhien Nguyen
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK,Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Francois Nosten
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK,Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Mae Sot, Thailand
| | | | - Zuleima Pava
- Centro Internacionale de Entrenamiento e Investigaciones Medicas, Cali, Colombia
| | | | | | - Aung P Phyo
- Mahidol‐Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand,Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Ric N Price
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research and Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Australia,Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK,Mahidol‐Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Awab Ghulam Rahim
- Nangarhar Medical Faculty, Nangarhar University, Ministry of Higher Education, Jalalabad, Afghanistan
| | - Milijaona Randrianarivelojosia
- Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Antananarivo, Madagascar,Universités d'Antananarivo et de Mahajanga, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Julian C Rayner
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Angela Rumaseb
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research and Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Australia
| | | | | | - Kamala Thriemer
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research and Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Australia
| | | | | | - Marcelo Urbano Ferreira
- Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil,Institute of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, NOVA University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - Sonam Wangchuk
- Royal Center for Disease Control, Department of Public Health, Ministry of Health, Thimphu, Bhutan
| | - Thomas E Wellems
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), NIH, Bethesda, USA
| | - Nicholas J White
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK,Mahidol‐Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Timothy William
- Clinical Research Centre, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Sabah, Malaysia,Infectious Diseases Society Sabah-Menzies School of Health Research Clinical Research Unit, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Maria F Yasnot
- Grupo de Investigaciones Microbiológicas y Biomédicas de Córdoba-GIMBIC, Universidad de Córdoba, Monteria, Colombia
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21
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Llanos-Cuentas A, Manrrique P, Rosas-Aguirre A, Herrera S, Hsiang MS. Tafenoquine for the treatment of Plasmodium vivax malaria. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2022; 23:759-768. [PMID: 35379070 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2022.2058394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Plasmodium vivax malaria causes significant disease burden worldwide, especially in Latin America, Southeast Asia, and Oceania. P. vivax is characterized by the production of liver hypnozoites that cause clinical relapses upon periodic activation. Primaquine, an 8-aminoquinoline drug, has been the standard of care for decades to treat liver-stage P. vivax malaria; however, it requires long treatment regimens (one to two weeks) that lead to poor adherence and thus clinical relapses. Tafenoquine (TFQ), a newly available and efficacious single-dose 8-aminoquinoline, aims to address this challenge. Safe administration is possible when paired with the use of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) diagnostics to prevent 8-aminoquinoline-induced hemolysis in patients with underlying G6PD deficiency (G6PDd). AREAS COVERED In this review, the authors present the recent literature regarding the pharmacology, efficacy, safety, and tolerability of TFQ and highlight regional differences in these areas. The authors also discuss the potential for TFQ, complemented with primaquine PQ and effective screening for G6PDd, to improve P. vivax clinical management and facilitate targeted mass drug administration in communities to decrease transmission. EXPERT OPINION Clinical studies show therapeutic efficacy of TFQ as well as a good performance in terms of safety and tolerability. Additional research regarding the effectiveness and safety TFQ in malaria elimination strategies such as targeted or mass drug administration are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paulo Manrrique
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, PA, USA
| | - Angel Rosas-Aguirre
- Public Health and Administration, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Sonia Herrera
- Department of Epidemiology, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Health, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Michelle S Hsiang
- Department of Epidemiology, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Health, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of PediatricsUniversity of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Greenwood
- From the Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London
| | - Chris Drakeley
- From the Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London
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Abstract
J. Kevin Baird and colleagues, examine and discuss the estimated global burden of vivax malaria and it's biological, clinical, and public health complexity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine E. Battle
- Institute for Disease Modeling, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - J. Kevin Baird
- Eijkman-Oxford Clinical Research Unit, Eijkman Institute of Molecular Biology, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Centre for Tropical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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24
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Abstract
Lorenz von Seidlein and Nicholas White introduce a Collection on Plasmodium vivax malaria.
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