1
|
Alanazi IS, Altyar AE, Zaazouee MS, Elshanbary AA, Abdel-Fattah AFM, Kamel M, Albaik M, Ghaboura N. Effect of moringa seed extract in chlorpyrifos-induced cerebral and ocular toxicity in mice. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1381428. [PMID: 38659447 PMCID: PMC11041635 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1381428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Chlorpyrifos (CPF) is one of the most commonly used organophosphosphate-based (OP) insecticides. Its wide use has led to higher morbidity and mortality, especially in developing countries. Moringa seed extracts (MSE) have shown neuroprotective activity, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial features. The literature lacks data investigating the role of MSE against CPF-induced cerebral and ocular toxicity in mice. Therefore, we aim to investigate this concern. A total of 40 mature male Wistar Albino mice were randomly distributed to five groups. Initially, they underwent a one-week adaptation period, followed by a one-week treatment regimen. The groups included a control group that received saline, MSE 100 mg/kg, CPF 12 mg/kg, CPF-MSE 50 mg/kg, and CPF-MSE 100 mg/kg. After the treatment phase, analyses were conducted on serum, ocular, and cerebral tissues. MSE100 and CPF-MSE100 normalized the pro-inflammatory markers (interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)) and AChE serum levels. CPF-MSE50 significantly enhanced these serum levels compared to CPF; however, it showed higher levels compared to the control. Moreover, the tissue analysis showed a significant decrease in oxidative stress (malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO)) and an increase in antioxidant markers (glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX)), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) in the treated groups compared to CPF. Importantly, the significance of these effects was found to be dose-dependent, particularly evident in the CPF-MSE100 group. We conclude that MSE has a promising therapeutic effect in the cerebral and ocular tissues of CPF-intoxicated mice, providing a potential solution for OP public health issues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ibtesam S. Alanazi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Hafr Al Batin, Hafr Al Batin, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed E. Altyar
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Pharmacy Program, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | | | - Mohamed Kamel
- Department of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mai Albaik
- Department of Chemistry, Preparatory Year Program, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nehmat Ghaboura
- Pharmacy Practice Department, Pharmacy Program, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Nasr FA, Noman OM, Al-zharani M, Ahmed MZ, Qamar W, Rizwan Ahamad S, Al Mishari AA, Aleissa MS, Rudayni HA, Alqahtani AS. Chemical profile, antiproliferative and pro-apoptotic activities of essential oils of Pulicaria arabica against A549 lung cancer cell line. Saudi Pharm J 2023; 31:101879. [PMID: 38192283 PMCID: PMC10772242 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2023.101879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Pulicaria arabica has been traditionally utilized in folk medicine for various purposes such as ulcer treatments as well as antidiarrheal agent. Herein, the chemical profiles of Pulicaria arabica essential oils (PAEOs) and the in vitro antiproliferative effect of PAEOs were investigated. Hydrodistillation was employed to prepare PAEOs which were then characterized by GC/MS, while the antiproliferative effects were investigated by MTT assay as well as flow cytometric and RT-PCR analysis. Sixty-four (99.99 %) constituents were recognized from PAEOs. Carvotanacetone (36.97 %), (-)-carvomenthone (27.20 %) and benzene, 2-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-1,4-dimethoxy- (6.92 %) were the main components. PAEOs displayed IC50 values ranging from 30 to 50 μg/mL. DNA content analysis revealed that A549 cells exposed to PAEOs exhibited an increase in G1 cells population. The flow cytometry analysis results also showed that the PAEOs antiproliferative effect was mediated via apoptosis induction. Furthermore, a modulation in the pro-apoptotic markers (caspase-3 and Bax) and anti-apoptotic (Bcl-2) was also observed. In conclusion, PAEOs exhibited a moderate anti-proliferative effect on A549 cells through modulating the cell cycle progression and apoptosis initiation. These findings could offer a potential therapeutic use of PAEOs in lung cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fahd A. Nasr
- Biology Department, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omar M. Noman
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Al-zharani
- Biology Department, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Z. Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wajhul Qamar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed Rizwan Ahamad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah A. Al Mishari
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed S. Aleissa
- Biology Department, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan A. Rudayni
- Biology Department, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali S. Alqahtani
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hussein HS, Salem MZM, Soliman AM, Eldesouky SE. Comparative study of three plant-derived extracts as new management strategies against Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Sci Rep 2023; 13:3542. [PMID: 36864078 PMCID: PMC9981771 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30588-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Finding innovative eco-friendly agents for pest control may be aided by investigating the plant-derived extracts' properties on economic pests. Therefore, the insecticidal, behavioral, biological and biochemical effects of Magnolia grandiflora (Magnoliaceae) leaf water and methanol extracts, Schinus terebinthifolius (Anacardiaceae) wood methanol extract, and Salix babylonica (Salicaceae) leaf methanol extract in comparison with a reference insecticide novaluron against S. littoralis were evaluated. The extracts were analyzed by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The most abundant phenolic compounds were 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (7.16 mg/mL) and ferulic acid (6.34 mg/mL) in M. grandiflora leaf water extract; catechol (13.05 mg/mL), ferulic acid (11.87 mg/mL), and chlorogenic acid (10.33 mg/mL) in M. grandiflora leaf methanol extract; ferulic acid (14.81 mg/mL), caffeic acid (5.61 mg/mL), and gallic acid (5.07 mg/mL) In the S. terebinthifolius extract; cinnamic acid (11.36 mg/mL), and protocatechuic acid (10.33 mg/mL) In the methanol extract from S. babylonica extract. S. terebinthifolius extract had a highly toxic effect against second larvae after 96 h and eggs with LC50 values of 0.89 and 0.94 mg/L, respectively. Despite M. grandiflora extracts didn't show any toxicity against S. littoralis stages, they had an attractant effect on fourth- and second larvae, with feeding deterrence values of - 2.7% and - 6.7%, respectively, at 10 mg/L. S. terebinthifolius extract significantly reduced the percentage of pupation, adult emergence, hatchability, and fecundity, with values of 60.2%, 56.7%, 35.3%, and 105.4 eggs/female, respectively. Novaluron and S. terebinthifolius extract drastically inhibited the activities of α-amylase and total proteases to 1.16 and 0.52, and 1.47 and 0.65 ΔOD/mg protein/min, respectively. In the semi-field experiment, the residual toxicity of tested extracts on S. littoralis gradually decreased over time compared to novaluron. These findings indicate that extract from S. terebinthifolius is a promising insecticidal agent against S. littoralis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanaa S Hussein
- Applied Entomology and Zoology Department, Faculty of Agriculture (EL-Shatby), Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21545, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Z M Salem
- Forestry and Wood Technology Department, Faculty of Agriculture (EL-Shatby), Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21545, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed M Soliman
- Applied Entomology and Zoology Department, Faculty of Agriculture (EL-Shatby), Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21545, Egypt
| | - Sahar E Eldesouky
- Cotton Pesticides Evaluation Department, Plant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, El-Sabhia, Alexandria, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Gazwi HSS, Omar MOA, Mahmoud ME. Phytochemical analysis, antioxidant capacities, and in vitro biological activities of the extract of seed coat as by-products of pea. BMC Chem 2023; 17:1. [PMID: 36726157 PMCID: PMC9890891 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-023-00911-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Converting seed coat peas (hulls) (SCP) into beneficial products provides a solution for waste treatment. This study aimed to investigate the phytoconstituents and biological activities of SCP extract. Phytochemical screening, total bioactive compounds, and GC-MS analysis were evaluated. Then, the antioxidant, antibacterial, anticancer, and antiviral activities of SCP extract were determined. The results demonstrate that SCP extract has bioactive compounds such as carbohydrates (29.53 ± 4.23 mg/mL), protein (0.24 ± 0.02 mg/mL), phenolics (27.04 ± 0.94 mg GAE/g extract), and flavonoids (17.19 ± 0.48 mg QE/g extract). The existence of more than 16 substances was determined using GC-MS analysis. The extract showed potential antioxidant activities, with the maximum activity seen for extract (IC50 µg/mL) = 79.16 ± 1.77 for DPPH, 67.40 ± 5.20 for ORAC, and 61.22 ± 4.81 for ABTS assays. The SCP extract showed potent antimicrobial activity against four gram-positive bacteria (Bacillus cereus, Streptomyces sp., Staphylococcus aureus, and Salmonella sp.) and two gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas sp.). SCP extract exhibited potential anticancer activity against lymphoma U937 and leukemic cells (THP1). The extract exhibited potential antiviral activity, with a selectivity index (SI) equal to 11.30 and 18.40 against herpes simplex-II (HSV-2) and adenovirus (Ad7), respectively. The results demonstrate more accurate information about peas by-products' chemical and antioxidant activities in various applications. The chemical components of peas by-products were found to have an in vitro antioxidant, antibacterial, and antiviral activity against leukemia and lymphoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanaa S. S. Gazwi
- grid.411806.a0000 0000 8999 4945Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Minia University, El-Minya, Egypt
| | - Maha O. A. Omar
- grid.411806.a0000 0000 8999 4945Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Minia University, El-Minya, Egypt
| | - Magda E. Mahmoud
- grid.411806.a0000 0000 8999 4945Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Minia University, El-Minya, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Tienaho J, Reshamwala D, Sarjala T, Kilpeläinen P, Liimatainen J, Dou J, Viherä-Aarnio A, Linnakoski R, Marjomäki V, Jyske T. Salix spp. Bark Hot Water Extracts Show Antiviral, Antibacterial, and Antioxidant Activities-The Bioactive Properties of 16 Clones. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 9:797939. [PMID: 34976988 PMCID: PMC8716786 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.797939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Earlier studies have shown that the bark of Salix L. species (Salicaceae family) is rich in extractives, such as diverse bioactive phenolic compounds. However, we lack knowledge on the bioactive properties of the bark of willow species and clones adapted to the harsh climate conditions of the cool temperate zone. Therefore, the present study aimed to obtain information on the functional profiles of northern willow clones for the use of value-added bioactive solutions. Of the 16 willow clones studied here, 12 were examples of widely distributed native Finnish willow species, including dark-leaved willow (S. myrsinifolia Salisb.) and tea-leaved willow (S. phylicifolia L.) (3 + 4 clones, respectively) and their natural and artificial hybrids (3 + 2 clones, respectively). The four remaining clones were commercial willow varieties from the Swedish willow breeding program. Hot water extraction of bark under mild conditions was carried out. Bioactivity assays were used to screen antiviral, antibacterial, antifungal, yeasticidal, and antioxidant activities, as well as the total phenolic content of the extracts. Additionally, we introduce a fast and less labor-intensive steam-debarking method for Salix spp. feedstocks. Clonal variation was observed in the antioxidant properties of the bark extracts of the 16 Salix spp. clones. High antiviral activity against a non-enveloped enterovirus, coxsackievirus A9, was found, with no marked differences in efficacy between the native clones. All the clones also showed antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, whereas no antifungal (Aspergillus brasiliensis) or yeasticidal (Candida albicans) efficacy was detected. When grouping the clone extract results into Salix myrsinifolia, Salix phylicifolia, native hybrid, artificial hybrid, and commercial clones, there was a significant difference in the activities between S. phylicifolia clone extracts and commercial clone extracts in the favor of S. phylicifolia in the antibacterial and antioxidant tests. In some antioxidant tests, S. phylicifolia clone extracts were also significantly more active than artificial clone extracts. Additionally, S. myrsinifolia clone extracts showed significantly higher activities in some antioxidant tests than commercial clone extracts and artificial clone extracts. Nevertheless, the bark extracts of native Finnish willow clones showed high bioactivity. The obtained knowledge paves the way towards developing high value-added biochemicals and other functional solutions based on willow biorefinery approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jenni Tienaho
- Production Systems, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Dhanik Reshamwala
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Tytti Sarjala
- Production Systems, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Petri Kilpeläinen
- Production Systems, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jaana Liimatainen
- Production Systems, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jinze Dou
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Anneli Viherä-Aarnio
- Production Systems, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Riikka Linnakoski
- Natural Resources, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Varpu Marjomäki
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Tuula Jyske
- Production Systems, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Gloeothece sp.-Exploiting a New Source of Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, and Antitumor Agents. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19110623. [PMID: 34822494 PMCID: PMC8624295 DOI: 10.3390/md19110623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioactive lipidic compounds of microalgae, such as polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and carotenoids, can avoid or treat oxidation-associated conditions and diseases like inflammation or cancer. This study aimed to assess the bioactive potential of lipidic extracts obtained from Gloeothece sp.–using Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) solvents like ethanol, acetone, hexane:isopropanol (3:2) (HI) and ethyl lactate. The bioactive potential of extracts was assessed in terms of antioxidant (ABTS•+, DPPH•, •NO and O2•assays), anti-inflammatory (HRBC membrane stabilization and Cox-2 screening assay), and antitumor capacity (death by TUNEL, and anti-proliferative by BrdU incorporation assay in AGS cancer cells); while its composition was characterized in terms of carotenoids and fatty acids, by HPLC-DAD and GC-FID methods, respectively. Results revealed a chemopreventive potential of the HI extract owing to its ability to: (I) scavenge -NO• radical (IC50, 1258 ± 0.353 µg·mL−1); (II) inhibit 50% of COX-2 expression at 130.2 ± 7.4 µg·mL−1; (III) protect 61.6 ± 9.2% of lysosomes from heat damage, and (IV) induce AGS cell death by 4.2-fold and avoid its proliferation up to 40% in a concentration of 23.2 ± 1.9 µg·mL−1. Hence, Gloeothece sp. extracts, namely HI, were revealed to have the potential to be used for nutraceutical purposes.
Collapse
|
7
|
Burlacu E, Tanase C. Anticancer Potential of Natural Bark Products-A Review. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10091895. [PMID: 34579427 PMCID: PMC8467168 DOI: 10.3390/plants10091895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cell biology, plant-based extracts, structural chemistry, and laboratory in vitro or in vivo experiments are the principal aspects or interfaces that can contribute to discovering new possibilities in cancer therapy and to developing improved chemotherapeutics. Forestry residues can be used for their wealthy resource in polyphenols and other phytoconstituents known for anticancer properties. This review is designed to bring together information on the in vitro or in vivo anticancer potential of woody vascular plants especially the bark extracts (BE) and biosynthesized metallic nanoparticles (BMN) using bark extracts. Type of extracts, main phytoconstituents found in extracts responsible for the anticancer activity, and targeted cancerous cell lines were followed. The literature data were collected via Clarivate Analytics, Science Direct, PubMed, and Google Academic (2011-2021). The search terms were: bark extracts, metallic nanoparticles, silver nanoparticles, gold nanoparticles, anticancer, cytotoxic activity, antiproliferative effect, and antimetastatic potential in vitro and in vivo. All of the search terms listed above were used in different combinations. The literature data highlight the efficaciousness of the BE and BMN as anticancer agents in in vitro experiments and showed the mechanism of action and their advantage of nontoxicity on normal cells. In vitro testing has shown promising results of the BE and BMN effect on different cancer cell lines. In vivo testing is lacking and more data is necessary for drug development on animal models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ema Burlacu
- Residency Department, “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology of Târgu Mureș, 38 Gheorghe Marinescu Street, 540139 Târgu Mureș, Romania;
| | - Corneliu Tanase
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology of Târgu Mureș, 38 Gheorghe Marinescu Street, 540139 Târgu Mureș, Romania
- Correspondence: ; Tel.:+40-744-215-543
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ensiling willow (Salix acmophylla) fodder modifies the contents of plant specialized metabolites, but not nutritional attributes. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2021.115019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
9
|
Maher T, Ahmad Raus R, Daddiouaissa D, Ahmad F, Adzhar NS, Latif ES, Abdulhafiz F, Mohammed A. Medicinal Plants with Anti-Leukemic Effects: A Review. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26092741. [PMID: 34066963 PMCID: PMC8124366 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukemia is a leukocyte cancer that is characterized by anarchic growth of immature immune cells in the bone marrow, blood and spleen. There are many forms of leukemia, and the best course of therapy and the chance of a patient’s survival depend on the type of leukemic disease. Different forms of drugs have been used to treat leukemia. Due to the adverse effects associated with such therapies and drug resistance, the search for safer and more effective drugs remains one of the most challenging areas of research. Thus, new therapeutic approaches are important to improving outcomes. Almost half of the drugs utilized nowadays in treating cancer are from natural products and their derivatives. Medicinal plants have proven to be an effective natural source of anti-leukemic drugs. The cytotoxicity and the mechanisms underlying the toxicity of these plants to leukemic cells and their isolated compounds were investigated. Effort has been made throughout this comprehensive review to highlight the recent developments and milestones achieved in leukemia therapies using plant-derived compounds and the crude extracts from various medicinal plants. Furthermore, the mechanisms of action of these plants are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tahani Maher
- Biotechnology Engineering Department, Kulliyyah of Engineering, International Islamic University, Malaysia (IIUM), P.O. Box 10, Gombak, Kuala Lumpur 50728, Malaysia; (T.M.); (R.A.R.); (D.D.); (F.A.)
| | - Raha Ahmad Raus
- Biotechnology Engineering Department, Kulliyyah of Engineering, International Islamic University, Malaysia (IIUM), P.O. Box 10, Gombak, Kuala Lumpur 50728, Malaysia; (T.M.); (R.A.R.); (D.D.); (F.A.)
| | - Djabir Daddiouaissa
- Biotechnology Engineering Department, Kulliyyah of Engineering, International Islamic University, Malaysia (IIUM), P.O. Box 10, Gombak, Kuala Lumpur 50728, Malaysia; (T.M.); (R.A.R.); (D.D.); (F.A.)
- International Institute for Halal Research and Training (INHART), Level 3, KICT Building, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), Jalan Gombak, Kuala Lumpur 53100, Malaysia
| | - Farah Ahmad
- Biotechnology Engineering Department, Kulliyyah of Engineering, International Islamic University, Malaysia (IIUM), P.O. Box 10, Gombak, Kuala Lumpur 50728, Malaysia; (T.M.); (R.A.R.); (D.D.); (F.A.)
| | - Noor Suhana Adzhar
- Faculty of Industrial Sciences and Technology, Universiti Malaysia, Pekan Pahang, Kuantan 26600, Malaysia;
| | - Elda Surhaida Latif
- Centre for Toxicology and Health Risk Studies (CORE), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia;
| | - Ferid Abdulhafiz
- Faculty of Agro-Based Industry, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli, Kelantan 17600, Malaysia;
| | - Arifullah Mohammed
- Faculty of Agro-Based Industry, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli, Kelantan 17600, Malaysia;
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Amara I, Ontario ML, Scuto M, Lo Dico GM, Sciuto S, Greco V, Abid-Essefi S, Signorile A, Salinaro AT, Calabrese V. Moringa oleifera Protects SH-SY5YCells from DEHP-Induced Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Apoptosis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10040532. [PMID: 33805396 PMCID: PMC8065568 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10040532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Moringa oleifera (MO) is a medicinal plant that has been shown to possess antioxidant, anticarcinogenic and antibiotic activities. In a rat model, MO extract (MOe) has been shown to have a protective effect against brain damage and memory decline. As an extending study, here, we have examined the protective effect of MOe against oxidative stress and apoptosis caused in human neuroblastome (SH-SY5Y) cells by di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), a plasticizer known to induce neurotoxicity. Our data show that MOe prevents oxidative damage by lowering reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, restoring mitochondrial respiratory chain complex activities, and, in addition, by modulating the expression of vitagenes, i.e., antioxidant proteins Nrf2 and HO-1. Moreover, MOe prevented neuronal damage by partly inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response, as indicated by decreased expression of CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (CHOP) and Glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) proteins. MOe also protected SH-SY5Y cells from DEHP-induced apoptosis, preserving mitochondrial membrane permeability and caspase-3 activation. Our findings provide insight into understanding of molecular mechanisms involved in neuroprotective effects by MOe against DEHP damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ines Amara
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Torre Biologica, Via Santa Sofia 97, 95125 Catania, Italy; (I.A.); (M.L.O.); (M.S.); (G.M.L.D.); (S.S.); (V.G.); (V.C.)
- Laboratory for Research on Biologically Compatible Compounds, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Monastir, Rue Avicenne, Monastir 5019, Tunisia;
| | - Maria Laura Ontario
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Torre Biologica, Via Santa Sofia 97, 95125 Catania, Italy; (I.A.); (M.L.O.); (M.S.); (G.M.L.D.); (S.S.); (V.G.); (V.C.)
| | - Maria Scuto
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Torre Biologica, Via Santa Sofia 97, 95125 Catania, Italy; (I.A.); (M.L.O.); (M.S.); (G.M.L.D.); (S.S.); (V.G.); (V.C.)
- Pathology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Maria Lo Dico
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Torre Biologica, Via Santa Sofia 97, 95125 Catania, Italy; (I.A.); (M.L.O.); (M.S.); (G.M.L.D.); (S.S.); (V.G.); (V.C.)
| | - Sebastiano Sciuto
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Torre Biologica, Via Santa Sofia 97, 95125 Catania, Italy; (I.A.); (M.L.O.); (M.S.); (G.M.L.D.); (S.S.); (V.G.); (V.C.)
| | - Valentina Greco
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Torre Biologica, Via Santa Sofia 97, 95125 Catania, Italy; (I.A.); (M.L.O.); (M.S.); (G.M.L.D.); (S.S.); (V.G.); (V.C.)
| | - Salwa Abid-Essefi
- Laboratory for Research on Biologically Compatible Compounds, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Monastir, Rue Avicenne, Monastir 5019, Tunisia;
| | - Anna Signorile
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari, Piazza G. Cesare, 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.S.); (A.T.S.)
| | - Angela Trovato Salinaro
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Torre Biologica, Via Santa Sofia 97, 95125 Catania, Italy; (I.A.); (M.L.O.); (M.S.); (G.M.L.D.); (S.S.); (V.G.); (V.C.)
- Correspondence: (A.S.); (A.T.S.)
| | - Vittorio Calabrese
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Torre Biologica, Via Santa Sofia 97, 95125 Catania, Italy; (I.A.); (M.L.O.); (M.S.); (G.M.L.D.); (S.S.); (V.G.); (V.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Tawfeek N, Mahmoud MF, Hamdan DI, Sobeh M, Farrag N, Wink M, El-Shazly AM. Phytochemistry, Pharmacology and Medicinal Uses of Plants of the Genus Salix: An Updated Review. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:593856. [PMID: 33643045 PMCID: PMC7908037 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.593856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The Willows (genus Salix), with more than 330–500 species and 200 hybrids, are trees, shrubs or prostrate plants that are widely distributed in Africa, North America, Europe, and Asia. The genus is traditionally used in folk medicine and represents a valuable source of biologically active compounds among them salicin, a prodrug for salicylic acid. Altogether, 322 secondary metabolites were characterized in the genus including flavonoids 94) (flavonols, flavones, flavanones, isoflavones, flavan-3-ols (catechins and procyanidins), chalcones, dihydrochalcone, anthocyanins, dihydroflavonols), phenolic glycosides (76), organic acids (28), and non-phenolic glycosides (17), sterols and terpenes (17), simple phenolics 13) and lignans 7) in addition to volatiles and fatty acids (69). Furthermore, willows exert analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, cytotoxic, antidiabetic, antimicrobial, antiobesity, neuroprotective and hepatoprotective activities. The current review provides an updated summary of the importance of willows, their chemical composition and pharmacological activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nora Tawfeek
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mona F Mahmoud
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Dalia I Hamdan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Menoufia University, Shibin Elkom, Egypt
| | - Mansour Sobeh
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.,AgroBioSciences Research Division, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Ben-Guerir, Morocco
| | - Nawaal Farrag
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Michael Wink
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Assem M El-Shazly
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Alfonzetti T, Yasmin-Karim S, Ngwa W, Avery S. Phytoradiotherapy: An Integrative Approach to Cancer Treatment by Combining Radiotherapy With Phytomedicines. Front Oncol 2021; 10:624663. [PMID: 33628736 PMCID: PMC7898963 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.624663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy (RT) is an effective method of cancer treatment, but like any other method of cancer treatment, there are inherent limitations. While technological advances and a growing understanding of its biological effects have improved its results dramatically, the use of RT is still limited to certain patient populations and by normal tissue toxicities. The harmful side effects of treating patients with radiation can offset its therapy benefits, limiting its use in certain cases. Phyto, or plant-based, medicines offer a way to add to radiation treatment, while also protecting patients from its toxic side effects. Phytomedicines such as cannabinoids (CBD) and bitter melon extract have demonstrated therapeutic properties, including the ability to activate apoptotic death in cancer cells, diminish tumor progression, and generally decrease the incidence of several cancer types. In addition, herbal drugs have been shown to be powerful antioxidants with the ability to decrease toxicity of RT without the adverse side effects found in synthetic drugs. Furthermore, a number of phytomedicines have been shown to mitigate hypoxic conditions within the tumor microenvironment, creating a more radiosensitive disease and preventing tumorigenesis. The purpose of this article is to examine the merits and demerits of employing phytomedicines during RT. Results from studies that have tested the effects of combining radiotherapy with supplemental herbal treatment are discussed along with perspectives on where additional research is needed to advance "Phytoradiotherapy". Overall, experimental evidence points to the fact that phytomedicines have significant potential to enhance RT, with need for cross-disciplinary collaborations to establish optimal dosing combinations with evidence-base for clinical translation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tyler Alfonzetti
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Perelman Center for Advanced Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Sayeda Yasmin-Karim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Wilfred Ngwa
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Stephen Avery
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Perelman Center for Advanced Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Biochemical and Molecular Investigation of In Vitro Antioxidant and Anticancer Activity Spectrum of Crude Extracts of Willow Leaves Salix safsaf. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9101295. [PMID: 33008079 PMCID: PMC7599573 DOI: 10.3390/plants9101295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Organic fractions and extracts of willow (Salix safsaf) leaves, produced by sequential solvent extraction as well as infusion and decoction, exhibited anticancer potencies in four cancerous cell lines, including breast (MCF-7), colorectal (HCT-116), cervical (HeLa) and liver (HepG2). Results of the MTT assay revealed that chloroform (CHCl3) and ethyl acetate (EtOAc)-soluble fractions exhibited specific anticancer activities as marginal toxicities were observed against two non-cancerous control cell lines (BJ-1 and MCF-12). Ultra-high-resolution mass spectrometry Q-Exactive™ HF Hybrid Quadrupole-Orbitrap™ coupled with liquid chromatography (UHPLC) indicated that both extracts are enriched in features belonging to major phenolic and purine derivatives. Fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis (FACS), employing annexin V-FITC/PI double staining indicated that the observed cytotoxic potency was mediated via apoptosis. FACS analysis, monitoring the increase in fluorescence signal, associated with oxidation of DCFH to DCF, indicated that the mechanism of apoptosis is independent of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Results of immunoblotting and RT-qPCR assays showed that treatment with organic fractions under investigation resulted in significant up-regulation of pro-apoptotic protein and mRNA markers for Caspase-3, p53 and Bax, whereas it resulted in a significant reduction in amounts of both protein and mRNA of the anti-apoptotic marker Bcl-2. FACS analysis also indicated that pre-treatment and co-treatment of human amniotic epithelial (WISH) cells exposed to the ROS H2O2 with EtOAc fraction provide a cytoprotective and antioxidant capacity against generated oxidative stress. In conclusion, our findings highlight the importance of natural phenolic and flavonoid compounds with unparalleled and unique antioxidant and anticancer properties.
Collapse
|
14
|
Genotypic diversity in willow (Salix spp.) is associated with chemical and morphological polymorphism, suggesting human-assisted dissemination in the Eastern Mediterranean. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2020.104081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
15
|
Kandeil MA, Mohammed ET, Hashem KS, Aleya L, Abdel-Daim MM. Moringa seed extract alleviates titanium oxide nanoparticles (TiO2-NPs)-induced cerebral oxidative damage, and increases cerebral mitochondrial viability. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:19169-19184. [PMID: 31286372 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05514-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the influence of Moringa seed extract (MSE) on the cerebral Nrf2/NQO1 signaling in TiO2-NPs-induced brain damage, 80 male albino rats were divided into four groups (n = 20); group I was used as a control, group II received TiO2-NPs (500 mg/kg b.w/day orally) for 14 days, group III received MSE (100 mg/kg b.w/day orally) for 30 days, and group IV received MSE an hour before TiO2-NPs administration with the same doses as before. Administration of TiO2-NPs was started on the 17th day for both groups (II) and (IV). Administration of MSE significantly increased the cerebral mitochondrial viability and Nrf2 level with a simultaneous increase of NQO1 mRNA expression. This designates a powerful antioxidant effect of MSE which is indicated by a significant reduction of INOS expression, MDA, TOS, OSI levels, and DNA fragmentation % with a significant increase of GSH concentration, SOD activities, and TAC. MSE possesses an anti-inflammatory effect by a significant reduction of IL-1β and TNF-α levels, and anti-apoptotic effect manifested by a significant reduction of caspase-3 and Fas levels. In harmonization, dopamine, serotonin concentrations, and acetylcholinesterase activities return back to normal as compared to control group. These results were confirmed by the histopathological features which were alleviated with MSE administration. In conclusion, Nrf2 plays a pivotal role in the mechanism of TiO2-NPs cerebral toxicity and MSE as a Nrf2 activator can provide a powerful cerebroprotective effect, whereas MSE increased the Nrf2 expression and consequently restore the antioxidant activity of brain cells by increasing NQO1 gene expression and cerebral mitochondrial viability as well as inhibition of pro-inflammatory and apoptotic mediators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Kandeil
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62511, Egypt
| | - Eman T Mohammed
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62511, Egypt.
| | - Khalid S Hashem
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62511, Egypt
| | - Lotfi Aleya
- Chrono-Environnement Laboratory, UMR CNRS 6249, Bourgogne Franche-Comté University, Besançon Cedex, France
| | - Mohamed M Abdel-Daim
- Department of Zoology, Science College, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Maistro EL, Terrazzas PM, Perazzo FF, Gaivão IODM, Sawaya ACHF, Rosa PCP. Salix alba (white willow) medicinal plant presents genotoxic effects in human cultured leukocytes. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2020; 82:1223-1234. [PMID: 31906808 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2019.1711476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Salix alba (SA), commonly known as white willow, is a plant used in folk medicine for the treatment of chronic and acute inflammation, infection, pain, and fever. The phytochemical characterization of the bark extract of this plant indicated that its main component is salicin, a precursor of the anti-inflammatory agent acetylsalicylic acid. Considering the lack of studies evaluating the genetic toxicity and cytotoxic action of SA bark extract on human cells, as well as the chemical characterization of its major phenolic compounds, the present study was designed to (1) investigate the cytotoxic and genotoxic potential of SA bark extract on human peripheral leukocyte cells and human hepatoma cell line HepG2, and (2) characterize its major phenolic constituents. The phenolic compounds found were salicylic acid, salicin, salidroside, saligenin, tremulodin, salicoylsalicin, salicortin, and tremulacin. The results using trypan blue staining test showed viability decreases (viability less than 70%) for concentrations of SA extract equal and higher to 200 µg/ml. Low genotoxic activity (comet assay) was exhibited for 50 and 100 µg/ml SA extract in human leukocytes. SA did not exert a marked clastogenic/aneugenic effect on leukocytes and HepG2 human cells. Data suggest that the genotoxic effects of SA bark extract occur when it is not metabolized by liver enzymes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edson Luis Maistro
- Speech and Hearing Therapy Department, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Geral e Aplicada, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Instituto de Biociências, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Peterson Menezes Terrazzas
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Geral e Aplicada, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Instituto de Biociências, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fábio Ferreira Perazzo
- Institute of Environmental, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, Diadema, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Isabel O'Neill De Mascarenhas Gaivão
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology and Animal and Veterinary Research Centre (CECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Islam NU, Jalil K, Shahid M, Rauf A, Muhammad N, Khan A, Shah MR, Khan MA. Green synthesis and biological activities of gold nanoparticles functionalized with Salix alba. ARAB J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2015.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
|
18
|
Emam MA, Khattab HI, Hegazy MG. Assessment of anticancer activity of Pulicaria undulata on hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cell line. Tumour Biol 2019; 41:1010428319880080. [PMID: 31603389 DOI: 10.1177/1010428319880080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Searching for new sources of safe nutraceuticals antitumor drugs is an important issue. Consequentially, this study designed to assess the antitumor activity of Pulicaria undulata extract in vitro in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cell line. Aerial parts of P. undulata plants were collected, used for phytochemical analysis, and assessed for anticancer activity. The antitumor activity was evaluated through studying the cell viability and apoptotic pathway. The gas chromatography-mass spectrometry phytochemical analysis revealed that P. undulata is a promising new source of several known antioxidant and antitumor compounds which could participate in drug development and exploration of alternative strategies to the harmful synthetic antitumor drugs. P. undulata stifled HepG2 cell viability in a concentration-dependent manner. Meanwhile, P. undulata tempted substantial apoptosis in HepG2 cells and enhanced the expression of miR-34a. However, the mRNA expression level of antiapoptotic B-cell lymphoma-2 was markedly decreased by P. undulata treatment. Moreover, P. undulata increased the protein expression of proapoptotic p53 and caspase 3/9 with reducing B-cell lymphoma-2 protein expression level. Thus, P. undulata induced apoptosis in the HepG2 cells by overexpression of miR-34a which regulates p53/B-cell lymphoma-2/caspases signaling pathway. These findings were well appreciated with morphological studies of cells treated with P. undulata. In conclusion, P. undulata could be a probable candidate agent for the initiation of cell apoptosis in HepG2 and thereby can serve as promising therapeutic agent for treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma which should attract further studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manal A Emam
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hemmat I Khattab
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Marwa Ga Hegazy
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Tawfeek N, Sobeh M, Hamdan DI, Farrag N, Roxo M, El-Shazly AM, Wink M. Phenolic Compounds from Populus alba L. and Salix subserrata Willd. (Salicaceae) Counteract Oxidative Stress in Caenorhabditis elegans. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24101999. [PMID: 31137712 PMCID: PMC6571762 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24101999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Utilizing bioassay- and TLC-guided column chromatography, fifteen secondary metabolites from Populus alba and eight compounds from Salix subserrata were isolated, including a novel plant metabolite salicyl ether and characterized using ultralviolet light (UV) absorbance, mass spectrometry (MS), 1H-, 13C-NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance), heteronuclear single quantum coherence spectroscopy (HSQC) and heteronuclear multiple bond correlation (HMBC). The extracts, their sub-fractions and the isolated compounds exhibited promising antioxidant activities in vitro in DPPH and FRAP assays. Also, the extracts of P. alba leaf (PL), shoots (PS), and S. subserrata leaf (SL) demonstrated substantial antioxidant activities in vivo in the multicellular model organism Caenorhabditis elegans. For the first time, the isolated secondary metabolites, aromadendrin, tremuloidin, salicin, isorhamnetin-3-O-β-d-rutinoside, gallocatechin, triandrin, and chrysoeriol-7-O-glucuronide were investigated. They exhibited substantial antioxidant activities in vivo. Salicin, isorhamnetin-3-O-β-d-rutinoside and gallocatechin, in particular, protected the worms against a lethal dose of the pro-oxidant juglone (80 µM), decreased the endogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS) level to 45.34%, 47.31%, 68.09% and reduced juglone- induced hsp-16.2::GFP (green fluorescence protein) expression to 79.62%, 70.17%, 26.77%, respectively. However, only gallocatechin induced higher levels of sod-3 expression. These findings support the traditional use of Populus alba and Salix subserrata for treating inflammation especially when ROS are involved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nora Tawfeek
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt.
| | - Mansour Sobeh
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
- AgroBioSciences Research Division, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Lot 660-Hay MoulayRachid, 43150 Ben-Guerir, Morocco.
| | - Dalia I Hamdan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Menoufia University, Shibin Elkom 32511, Egypt.
| | - Nawaal Farrag
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt.
| | - Mariana Roxo
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Assem M El-Shazly
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt.
| | - Michael Wink
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Lans C. Do recent research studies validate the medicinal plants used in British Columbia, Canada for pet diseases and wild animals taken into temporary care? JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 236:366-392. [PMID: 30772483 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE There are insufficient safe and effective treatments for chronic pain in pets. In cases such as osteoarthritis there is no commercially available cure and veterinarians use NSAIDs to manage pain. Pet owners may have to plan for a lifetime of plant-based treatment for the conditions that lead to chronic pain in pets. Phytopharmacotherapies have the advantage of being less toxic, cheap or free, readily available, are more likely to be safe for long-term use and have the potential to reset the immune system to normal functioning. AIM OF THE STUDY To examine the recently published medicinal plant research that matches unpublished data on ethnoveterinary medicines (EVM) used for pets in Canada (British Columbia) to see if the EVM data can provide a lead to the development of necessary drugs. MATERIALS AND METHODS In 2003 semi-structured interviews were conducted with 60 participants who were organic farmers or holisitic medicinal/veterinary practitioners obtained using a purposive sample. A draft manual prepared from the data was then evaluated by participants at a participatory workshop that discussed the plant-based treatments. A copy of the final version of the manual was given to all research participants. In 2018, the recently published research matching the EVM data was reviewed to see if the EVM practices could serve as a lead for further research. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Medicinal plants are used to treat a range of conditions. The injuries treated in pets in British Columbia included abscesses (resulting from an initial injury), sprains and abrasions. Dogs were also treated with medicinal plants for rheumatoid arthritis, joint pain and articular cartilage injuries. More than 40 plants were used. Anal gland problems were treated with Allium sativum L., Aloe vera L., Calendula officinalis L., Plantago major L., Ulmus fulva Michx., Urtica dioica L. and Usnea longissima Ach. Arctium lappa, Hydrangea arborescens and Lactuca muralis were used for rheumatoid arthritis and joint pain in pets. Asthma was treated with: Linum usitatissimum L., Borago officinalis L., Verbascum thapsus L., Cucurbita pepo L., Lobelia inflata L., and Zingiber officinale Roscoe. Pets with heart problems were treated with Crataegus oxyacantha L., Cedronella canariensis (L.) Willd. ex Webb & Berth, Equisetum palustre L., Cypripedium calceolus L., Pinus ponderosa Douglas ex Lawson, Humulus lupulus L., Valeriana officinalis L., Lobelia inflata L., Stachys officinalis (L.) Trev., and Viscum album L. The following plants were used for epilepsy, motion sickness and anxiety- Avena sativa L., Valeriana officinalis, Lactuca muralis (L.) Fresen., Scutellaria lateriflora L., Satureja hortensis L., and Passiflora incarnata L. Plants used for cancer treatment included Phytolacca decandra, Ganoderma lucidum, Lentinula edodes, Rumex acetosella, Arctium lappa, Ulmus fulva, Rheum palmatum, Frangula purshiana, Zingiber officinale, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Ulmus fulva, Althea officinalis, Rheum palmatum, Rumex crispus and Plantago psyllium. Trifolium pratense was used for tumours in the prostate gland. Also used were Artemisia annua, Taraxacum officinale and Rumex crispus. This review of plants used in EVM was possible because phytotherapy research of the plants described in this paper has continued because few new pharmaceutical drugs have been developed for chronic pain and because treatments like glucocorticoid therapy do not heal. Phytotherapuetic products are also being investigated to address the overuse of antibiotics. There have also been recent studies conducted on plant-based functional foods and health supplements for pets, however there are still gaps in the knowledge base for the plants Stillingia sylvatica, Verbascum thapsus, Yucca schidigera and Iris versicolor and these need further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl Lans
- Institute for Ethnobotany and Zoopharmacognosy (IEZ), Rijksstraatweg 158A, 6573 DG Beek, the Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Manikandan M, Gowdaman V, Duraimurugan K, Prabagaran SR. Taxonomic characterization and antimicrobial compound production from Streptomyces chumphonensis BDK01 isolated from marine sediment. 3 Biotech 2019; 9:167. [PMID: 30997304 PMCID: PMC6449414 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-019-1687-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptomyces sp. isolated from marine sediment collected from Palk Strait, Bay of Bengal was investigated for its antagonistic potential. The isolate exhibited antimicrobial activity against selected bacterial strains of clinical importance such as Staphylococcus aureus MTCC 3160, Bacillus pumilus NCIM 2327, S. aureus (methicillin resistant), Escherichia coli MTCC 1698, E. coli (ESBL), Shigella flexneri MTCC 1457, Proteus vulgaris and Enterobacter cloacae. Phenotypic and molecular characterization ascertained the isolate BDK01 as Streptomyces chumphonensis. Media optimization with one variable-at-a-time strategy was attempted to identify the ideal concentrations of starch (5-15 g/l), casein (0.01-0.05 g/l), NaCl 1.0-3.0 g/l, pH (4.0-9.0 g/l), temperature (25-45 °C) and inoculum level (0.5-5 ml) towards achieving maximum antimicrobial compound production. Statistical optimization of production media was carried by establishing an 11 variables 17 run experiment through PB model which evinced starch, calcium carbonate, pH and inoculum concentration that highly influenced bioactive compound production. Spectral data of active ethyl acetate extract revealed the presence of various bioactive compounds such as Salicyl alcohol, N-phenyl benzamide. 6-Octadecenoic acid, (Z), 1,3,5-Cycloheptatriene. Antiproliferation activity of active fraction against MCF-7 Cell line exhibited IC50 value of 9.5 µg/ml. Overall, it is observed that the marine actinomycete S. chumphonensis BDK01 could be employable as promising strain for novel antimicrobial and cytotoxic metabolites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Madheslu Manikandan
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Krishna Arts and Science College, Coimbatore, 641 008 India
| | | | - Kasiviswanathan Duraimurugan
- School of Community Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, 711 103 India
| | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Altemimi A, Lakhssassi N, Baharlouei A, Watson DG, Lightfoot DA. Phytochemicals: Extraction, Isolation, and Identification of Bioactive Compounds from Plant Extracts. PLANTS 2017; 6:plants6040042. [PMID: 28937585 PMCID: PMC5750618 DOI: 10.3390/plants6040042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 509] [Impact Index Per Article: 72.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 09/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
There are concerns about using synthetic phenolic antioxidants such as butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) and butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) as food additives because of the reported negative effects on human health. Thus, a replacement of these synthetics by antioxidant extractions from various foods has been proposed. More than 8000 different phenolic compounds have been characterized; fruits and vegetables are the prime sources of natural antioxidants. In order to extract, measure, and identify bioactive compounds from a wide variety of fruits and vegetables, researchers use multiple techniques and methods. This review includes a brief description of a wide range of different assays. The antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer properties of phenolic natural products from fruits and vegetables are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ammar Altemimi
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture, University of Al-Basrah, Basrah 61004, Iraq.
| | - Naoufal Lakhssassi
- Department of Plant, Soil and Agricultural Systems, Plant Biotechnology and Genome Core-Facility, Southern Illinois University at Carbondale, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA.
| | - Azam Baharlouei
- Department of Plant, Soil and Agricultural Systems, Plant Biotechnology and Genome Core-Facility, Southern Illinois University at Carbondale, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA.
| | - Dennis G Watson
- Department of Plant, Soil and Agricultural Systems, Plant Biotechnology and Genome Core-Facility, Southern Illinois University at Carbondale, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA.
| | - David A Lightfoot
- Department of Plant, Soil and Agricultural Systems, Plant Biotechnology and Genome Core-Facility, Southern Illinois University at Carbondale, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Abd-Rabou AA, Abdalla AM, Ali NA, Zoheir KMA. Moringa oleifera Root Induces Cancer Apoptosis more Effectively than Leave Nanocomposites and Its Free Counterpart. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2017; 18:2141-2149. [PMID: 28843248 PMCID: PMC5697473 DOI: 10.22034/apjcp.2017.18.8.2141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Medicinal plants are important elements of indigenous medical system that have persisted in developing countries. Many of the botanical chemo-preventions currently used as potent anticancer agents. However, some important anticancer agents are still extracted from plants because they cannot be synthesized chemically on a commercial scale due to their complex structures that often contain several chiral centers. The aim of this study was to test different extracts from the Moringa oleifera leaves (ML), its PLGA-CS-PEG nanocomposites (MLn), as well as root core (Rc) and outer (Ro) parts for activity against hepatocarcinoma HepG2, breast MCF7, and colorectal HCT 116/ Caco-2 cells in vitro. Nano-composites were prepared and characterized. Then, the nanocomposites and the free counterparts were screened on different propagated cancer cell lines. The underlying cytotoxic impact was followed using apoptosis measurements. All extracts kill the different cancer cells with different ratios, but intriguingly, the root core extract could kill the majority of cancer cells (approximately 70-80%), while sparing normal BHK-21 cells with minimal inhibitory effect (approximately 30-40%). Apoptotic cell increment came to confirm the cytotoxic effects of these extracts on HCT 116 cells (Rc: 212% and Ro: 180%, respectively) and HepG2 cells (ML: 567.5% and MLn: 608%, respectively) compared to control (100%) mechanistically wise. Moringa oleifera nanocomposites may have potential for use as a natural source of anti-cancer compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A Abd-Rabou
- Hormones Department, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Altemimi A, Lakhssassi N, Abu-Ghazaleh A, Lightfoot DA. Evaluation of the antimicrobial activities of ultrasonicated spinach leaf extracts using RAPD markers and electron microscopy. Arch Microbiol 2017; 199:1417-1429. [PMID: 28766036 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-017-1418-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) leaves represent an important dietary source of nutrients, antioxidants and antimicrobials. As such, spinach leaves play an important role in health and have been used in the treatment of human diseases since ancient times. Here, the aims were to optimize the extraction methods for recovering antimicrobial substances of spinach leaves, determine the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of the antimicrobial substances against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus and, finally, evaluate the effects of spinach leaves' antimicrobials on bacterial DNA using central composite face-centered methods. The effect of the extracts on both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial models was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and random amplification of polymorphic (bacterial) DNA (RAPD). The optimal extraction conditions were at 45 °C, ultrasound power of 44% and an extraction time of 23 min. The spinach extracts exhibited antimicrobial activities against both bacteria with MICs in the 60-100 mg/ml range. Interestingly, SEM showed that the treated bacterial cells appear damaged with a reduction in cell number. RAPD analysis of genomic DNA showed that the number and sizes of amplicons were decreased by treatments. Based on these results, it was inferred that spinach leaf extracts exert bactericidal activities by both inducing mutations in DNA and causing cell wall disruptions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ammar Altemimi
- Department of Plant, Soil and Agricultural Systems, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, 62901, USA.,Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture, University of Basrah, Al-Basrah, 61004, Iraq
| | - Naoufal Lakhssassi
- Department of Plant, Soil and Agricultural Systems, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, 62901, USA.
| | - Amer Abu-Ghazaleh
- Department of Animal Science Food and Nutrition, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, 62901, USA
| | - David A Lightfoot
- Department of Plant, Soil and Agricultural Systems, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, 62901, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Mahmoud AM, Aboul-Soud MAM, Han J, Al-Sheikh YA, Al-Abd AM, El-Shemy HA. Transcriptional profiling of breast cancer cells in response to mevinolin: Evidence of cell cycle arrest, DNA degradation and apoptosis. Int J Oncol 2016; 48:1886-94. [PMID: 26983896 PMCID: PMC4809649 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The merging of high-throughput gene expression techniques, such as microarray, in the screening of natural products as anticancer agents, is considered the optimal solution for gaining a better understanding of the intervention mechanism. Red yeast rice (RYR), a Chinese dietary product, contains a mixture of hypocholesterolemia agents such as statins. Typically, statins have this effect via the inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase, the key enzyme in the biosynthesis of cholesterol. Recently, statins have been shown to exhibit various beneficial antineoplastic properties through the disruption of tumor angiogenesis and metastatic processes. Mevinolin (MVN) is a member of statins and is abundantly present in RYR. Early experimental trials suggested that the mixed apoptotic/necrotic cell death pathway is activated in response to MVN exposure. In the current study, the cytotoxic profile of MVN was evaluated against MCF-7, a breast cancer-derived cell line. The obtained results indicated that MVN-induced cytotoxicity is multi-factorial involving several regulatory pathways in the cytotoxic effects of MVN on breast cancer cell lines. In addition, MVN-induced transcript abundance profiles inferred from microarrays showed significant changes in some key cell processes. The changes were predicted to induce cell cycle arrest and reactive oxygen species generation but inhibit DNA repair and cell proliferation. This MVN-mediated multi-factorial stress triggered specific programmed cell death (apoptosis) and DNA degradation responses in breast cancer cells. Taken together, the observed MVN-induced effects underscore the potential of this ubiquitous natural compound as a selective anticancer activity, with broad safety margins and low cost compared to benchmarked traditional synthetic chemotherapeutic agents. Additionally, the data support further pre-clinical and clinical evaluations of MVN as a novel strategy to combat breast cancer and overcome drug resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali M Mahmoud
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Mourad A M Aboul-Soud
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Junkyu Han
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305‑8572, Japan
| | - Yazeed A Al-Sheikh
- Chair of Medical and Molecular Genetics Research, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11433, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M Al-Abd
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Division, National Research Centre, Cairo 21622, Egypt
| | - Hany A El-Shemy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Aboul-Soud MAM, El-Shemy HA, Aboul-Enein KM, Mahmoud AM, Al-Abd AM, Lightfoot DA. Effects of plant-derived anti-leukemic drugs on individualized leukemic cell population profiles in Egyptian patients. Oncol Lett 2015; 11:642-648. [PMID: 26870259 PMCID: PMC4727189 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2015.3916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukemias are a group of cancer types that originate from blood-forming tissues. In this disease, an abnormally large number of immature white blood cells is produced by the bone marrow. The relationship between treatments with plant-derived drugs and leukemia-associated immunophenotypes (LAIPs) of clinically isolated leukemia cells has yet to be established. The aim of the present study was to develop a preliminary clinical prognostic map for commonly expressed LAIPs in patients clinically diagnosed with leukemia, as well as to assess the potential involvement of LAIPs in the response rate to 10 natural products of plant origin. An increased expression of LAIPs, including CD4, CD14, CD33 and CD34, was considered a surrogate marker of the desired response of leukemia cells to treatment with plant-derived drugs. By contrast, the increased expression of the LAIPs, MPO and DR, was associated with poor prognostic outcomes following treatment with the plant-derived drugs. The results showed that 5 of the 10 plant-derived drugs tested induced the expression of several desirable LAIPs biomarkers. These findings clearly highlight the potential treatment efficacy of certain plant-derived drugs against leukemic cell types.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mourad A M Aboul-Soud
- Faculty of Agriculture Research Park (FARP) and Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt; Chair of Medical and Molecular Genetics Research, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11433, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Hany A El-Shemy
- Faculty of Agriculture Research Park (FARP) and Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Khalid M Aboul-Enein
- Department of Clinical Pathology, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo 12513, Egypt
| | - Ali M Mahmoud
- Faculty of Agriculture Research Park (FARP) and Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt; Center for Aging and Associated Diseases (CAAD), Helmy Institute for Medical Science (HIMS), Zewail City for Science and Technology, 6th of October City, Giza 12588, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Al-Abd
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Division, National Research Centre, Cairo 11796, Egypt
| | - David A Lightfoot
- Genomics Core-Facility, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Shara M, Stohs SJ. Efficacy and Safety of White Willow Bark (Salix alba) Extracts. Phytother Res 2015; 29:1112-6. [PMID: 25997859 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Revised: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Willow bark extract has been used for thousands of years as an anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and analgesic. In spite of its long history of use, relatively few human and animal studies have been published that confirm anecdotal observations. A small number of clinical studies have been conducted that support the use of willow bark extracts in chronic lower back and joint pain and osteoarthritis. Willow bark extracts also are widely used in sports performance and weight loss products presumably because of anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities, although no human studies have been published that specifically and directly document beneficial effects. In recent years, various in vitro and animal studies have demonstrated that the anti-inflammatory activity of willow bark extract is associated with down regulation of the inflammatory mediators tumor necrosis factor-α and nuclear factor-kappa B. Although willow bark extracts are generally standardized to salicin, other ingredients in the extracts including other salicylates as well as polyphenols, and flavonoids may also play prominent roles in the therapeutic actions. Adverse effects appear to be minimal as compared to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs including aspirin. The primary cause for concern may relate to allergic reactions in salicylate-sensitive individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Shara
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
| | - Sidney J Stohs
- School of Pharmacy and Health Professions, Creighton University Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68168, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
The effects of herbs and fruits on leukaemia. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2014; 2014:494136. [PMID: 25250054 PMCID: PMC4163312 DOI: 10.1155/2014/494136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Revised: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
In developing countries, herbal therapy is the first and basis form of treatment for most types of diseases. About 75-80% of the world's population prefers herbal therapy as a major treatment due to its better adequacy and satisfactoriness, which enhance human body's symmetry with minimal side effects. Fruits and plants have been presented from the past as promising tools in becoming a natural anticancer agents. Many of these plant extracts are currently used in cancer therapy and prevention. This review paper will particularly explore and emphasize on herbs and fruits used in the treatment of the leukaemia.
Collapse
|
29
|
Mellenthin M, Ellersiek U, Börger A, Baier M. Expression of the Arabidopsis Sigma Factor SIG5 Is Photoreceptor and Photosynthesis Controlled. PLANTS 2014; 3:359-91. [PMID: 27135509 PMCID: PMC4844344 DOI: 10.3390/plants3030359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2014] [Revised: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Two collections of Arabidopsis GAL4 enhancer trap lines were screened for light-intensity dependent reporter gene activation. Line N9313 was isolated for its strong light-intensity regulation. The T-DNA element trapped distant enhancers of the SIG5 promoter, which drives expression of a sigma factor involved in regulation of chloroplast genes for photosystem II core proteins. The T-DNA insertion 715 bp upstream of the transcription initiation site splits the promoter in a distal and proximal part. Both parts are sensitive to blue and red light and depend on photosynthetic electron transport activity between photosystem II and the plastoquinone pool. The mainblue-light sensitivity is localized within a 196-bp sequence (-887 to -691 bp) in the proximal promoter region It is preferentially CRY1 and PHYB controlled. Type-I and type-II phytochromes mediate red-light sensitivity via various promoter elements spread over the proximal and distal upstream region. This work characterizes SIG5 as an anterograde control factor of chloroplast gene expression, which is controlled by chloroplast signals in a retrograde manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Mellenthin
- Plant Sciences, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Universitätsstraße 1, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany.
| | - Ulrike Ellersiek
- Plant Sciences, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Universitätsstraße 1, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany.
| | - Anna Börger
- Plant Physiology, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Straße 12-16, Berlin 14195, Germany.
| | - Margarete Baier
- Plant Physiology, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Straße 12-16, Berlin 14195, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Fujita K, Nomura Y, Sawajiri M, Mohapatra PK, El-Shemy HA, Nguyen NT, Hosokawa M, Miyashita K, Maeda T, Saneoka H, Fujita S, Fujita T. The extracts of Japanese willow tree species are effective forapoptotic desperation or differentiation of acute myeloid leukemia cells. Pharmacogn Mag 2014; 10:125-31. [PMID: 24914277 PMCID: PMC4048558 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1296.131023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2012] [Revised: 11/04/2012] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The antileukemic activity of hot water extract of plant parts of some Japanese willow tree species grown at different levels of nitrogen were examined. Materials and Methods: Water extracts of willow leaves were prepared for this studies in different level of nitrogen nutrition. Results: The extracts obtained from the leaves and stem exhibited anti-leukemic activities prominently. The crude hot water extracts of the young growing parts including apex, matured leaves and stem, killed the blasts of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells, (HL60 and NB4) after 48h incubation, however, such desperation was far less in the root extract. Similar to the plant parts, response of extracts obtained from different willow species was not identical; the proportion of dead cells relative to whole cells of the culture medium ranged from 21% to 93% among the species. Leaf extracts obtained from the responsive willow species decreased the live cell percentage and increased the dead cell percentage at higher level of nitrogen nutrition. The mode of desperation of leaf extract treated AML cells in such species appeared to be cell apoptosis as shown by binding with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) -labeled Annexin V. Conclusion: Differentiation of alive AML cells continued unabated and apoptosis was poor when extract of an unresponsive species added to the culture medium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuji Nomura
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima - 734-0037, Japan
| | - Masahiko Sawajiri
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima - 734-0037, Japan
| | - Pravat K Mohapatra
- School of Life Science, Sambalpur University, Jyoti Vihar, Sambalpur, India
| | - Hany A El-Shemy
- Cairo Universty Research Park, Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University,12613 Giza, Egypt
| | - Nguyen T Nguyen
- Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan
| | - Masashi Hosokawa
- Graduate School of Fisheriers Sciences, Hokkaido University, Minato, Hakodate, 041-8611, Japan
| | - Kazuo Miyashita
- Graduate School of Fisheriers Sciences, Hokkaido University, Minato, Hakodate, 041-8611, Japan
| | - Teruo Maeda
- Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Saneoka
- Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan
| | - Shohei Fujita
- Fazenda Fuiita LLC, Nanaehama, HOkuto, 049-0111, Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
In Vitro Effect of Aqueous Extract and Fraction IV Portion of Ximenia americana Stem Bark on Trypanosoma congolense DNA. J Parasitol Res 2014; 2014:904318. [PMID: 24587898 PMCID: PMC3920606 DOI: 10.1155/2014/904318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Trypanosomosis is a debilitating disease affecting mainly livestock and humans in tropical Africa. Chemically synthesized drugs and medicinal plants have been used in the treatment and control of this disease. In this study, the in vitro effect of aqueous extracts and fraction IV extract of Ximenia americana stem bark on Trypanosoma congolense DNA was investigated. The extracts were incubated with the parasites in vitro at 300 mg/mL aqueous extract and 25 mg/mL fraction IV portion for 30, 60, and 120 mins. The DNA of the trypanosomes was isolated and digested using ECOR1 enzyme and subsequently PCR was carried out. Results showed that aqueous extract and fraction IV portion immobilized 55% and 90% of the trypanosomes after 30-minute incubation. Subsequent isolation of the parasite DNA and agarose gel electrophoresis did not reveal that cell death was as a result of DNA fragmentation. This suggests that cell death was by another mechanism of action.
Collapse
|
32
|
Novel fermentation processes for manufacturing plant natural products. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2013; 25:17-23. [PMID: 24484876 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2013.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Accepted: 08/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Microbial production of plant natural products (PNPs), such as terpenoids, flavonoids from renewable carbohydrate feedstocks offers sustainable and economically attractive alternatives to their petroleum-based production. Rapid development of metabolic engineering and synthetic biology of microorganisms shows many advantages to replace the current extraction of these useful high price chemicals from plants. Although few of them were actually applied on a large scale for PNPs production, continuous research on these high-price chemicals and the rapid growing global market of them, show the promising future for the production of these PNPs by microorganisms with a more economic and environmental friendly way. Introduction of novel pathways and optimization of the native cellular processes by metabolic engineering of microorganisms for PNPs production are rapidly expanding its range of cell-factory applications. Here we review recent progress in metabolic engineering of microorganisms for the production of PNPs. Besides, factors restricting the yield improvement and application of lab-scale achievements to industrial applications have also been discussed.
Collapse
|
33
|
Moon JY, Cho M, Ahn KS, Cho SK. Nobiletin Induces Apoptosis and Potentiates the Effects of the Anticancer Drug 5-Fluorouracil in p53-Mutated SNU-16 Human Gastric Cancer Cells. Nutr Cancer 2013; 65:286-95. [DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2013.756529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
34
|
Predicting in silico which mixtures of the natural products of plants might most effectively kill human leukemia cells? EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:801501. [PMID: 23431350 PMCID: PMC3569894 DOI: 10.1155/2013/801501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2012] [Revised: 12/06/2012] [Accepted: 12/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the analysis of just 13 natural products of plants was to predict the most likely effective artificial mixtures of 2-3 most effective natural products on leukemia cells from over 364 possible mixtures. The natural product selected included resveratrol, honokiol, chrysin, limonene, cholecalciferol, cerulenin, aloe emodin, and salicin and had over 600 potential protein targets. Target profiling used the Ontomine set of tools for literature searches of potential binding proteins, binding constant predictions, binding site predictions, and pathway network pattern analysis. The analyses indicated that 6 of the 13 natural products predicted binding proteins which were important targets for established cancer treatments. Improvements in effectiveness were predicted for artificial combinations of 2 or 3 natural products. That effect might be attributed to drug synergism rather than increased numbers of binding proteins bound (dose effects). Among natural products, the combinations of aloe emodin with mevinolin and honokiol were predicted to be the most effective combination for AML-related predicted binding proteins. Therefore, plant extracts may in future provide more effective medicines than the single purified natural products of modern medicine, in some cases.
Collapse
|
35
|
Hyun SW, Jang M, Park SW, Kim EJ, Jung YS. Onion (Allium cepa) extract attenuates brain edema. Nutrition 2012; 29:244-9. [PMID: 22771051 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2012.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2011] [Revised: 12/05/2011] [Accepted: 02/12/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated the potential beneficial effects of onion extract on brain ischemia-induced edema and blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction. The possible underlying mechanisms are investigated, especially those linked to the antioxidant effects of the onion extract. METHODS Brain ischemia was induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) for 2 h followed by reperfusion in mice. Mice were treated intravenously with onion extract 30 min before MCAO. Brain edema and BBB hyperpermeability were evaluated by the measurement of the brain water content and Evans blue extravasation, respectively. The disruption of tight junction proteins was examined by immunohistochemical staining. The level of malondialdehyde was determined using the thiobarbituric acid method. The activities of glutathione peroxidase and catalase were determined by spectrophotometric assay. RESULTS Brain water content in the ischemic hemisphere was significantly reduced by treatment with onion extract. Onion extract also had a significant effect on both the decrease in Evans blue extravasation and the inhibition of zonula occludens-1 and occludin disruption caused by brain ischemia. In addition, onion extract significantly prevented brain ischemia-induced reduction in catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities and elevation of malondialdehyde level in the brain tissue. CONCLUSION The results from this study demonstrate that onion extract prevents brain edema, BBB hyperpermeability, and tight junction proteins disruption, possibly through its antioxidant effects in the mouse MCAO model. This study suggests that onion extract may be a beneficial nutrient for the prevention of BBB function during brain ischemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Wang Hyun
- Department of Physiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Obasi N, Okorie U, Enemchukwu B, Ogundapo S, Otuchristi G. Nutritional Evaluation, Phytochemical Screening and Antimicrobial Effects of Aqueous Extract of Picralima nitida Peel. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.3923/ajbs.2012.105.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
37
|
Ichor T, Ekoja E. Antimicrobial Properties of Methanolic Extracts of Anogeissus leiocarpus (Guill and Perr). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.3923/ajbs.2011.570.574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
38
|
Mahmoud AM, Al-Abd AM, Lightfoot DA, El-Shemy HA. Anti-cancer characteristics of mevinolin against three different solid tumor cell lines was not solely p53-dependent. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2011; 27:673-9. [PMID: 21883038 DOI: 10.3109/14756366.2011.607446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mevinolin (MVN) has been used clinically for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia with very good tolerance by patients. Based on epidemiological evidences, MVN was suggested strongly for the treatment of neoplasia. Early experimental trials suggested the mixed apoptotic/necrotic cell death pathway was activated in response to MVN exposure. Herein, the cytotoxic profile of MVN was evaluated, compared to the robust and frequently used anti-cancer drug doxorubicin (DOX), against breast (MCF-7), cervical (HeLa) and liver (HepG(2)) transformed cell lines. MVN was showed comparable results in cytotoxic profile with DOX in all tested solid tumor cell lines. In addition, the MVN-induced cytotoxicity was inferred to be multi-factorial and not solely dependent on p53 expression. It was concluded that molecular and genetic assessment of MVN-induced cell death would be useful for developing cancer therapeutic treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Mokhtar Mahmoud
- Faculty of Agriculture Research Park (FARP) and Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Aboul-Enein AM, Al-Abd AM, Shalaby E, Abul-Ela F, Nasr-Allah AA, Mahmoud AM, El-Shemy HA. Eichhornia crassipes (Mart) solms: from water parasite to potential medicinal remedy. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2011; 6:834-6. [PMID: 21494097 PMCID: PMC3218481 DOI: 10.4161/psb.6.6.15166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Water hyacinth, Eichhornia crassipes (Mart) Solms, originating in the amazonian basin, is a warm water aquatic plant. Water hyacinth is considered one of the most productive plants on earth and, accordingly, is considered one of the top 10 world's worst weeds. Water hyacinth spread to other tropical and subtropical regions by humans. It invaded about 62 countries in Africa, Asia and North America, and propagated extremely serious ecological, economical and social problems in the region between 40 degrees north and 45 degrees south. The dense weed of water hyacinth forms dense monocultures that can threaten local native species diversity and change the physical and chemical aquatic environment, thus altering ecosystem structure and function by disrupting food chains and nutrient cycling. We have separated and identified nine active fractions from water hyacinth and showed their promising therapeutic activities. Several compounds (alkaloid, phthalate derivatives, propanoid and phenyl derivatives) were identified in the extract of water hyacinth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M Aboul-Enein
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Abstract
Synthetic biology can be defined as the "repurposing and redesign of biological systems for novel purposes or applications, " and the field lies at the interface of several biological research areas. This broad definition can be taken to include a variety of investigative endeavors, and successful design of new biological paradigms requires integration of many scientific disciplines including (but not limited to) protein engineering, metabolic engineering, genomics, structural biology, chemical biology, systems biology, and bioinformatics. This review focuses on recent applications of synthetic biology principles in three areas: (i) the construction of artificial biomolecules and biomaterials; (ii) the synthesis of both fine and bulk chemicals (including biofuels); and (iii) the construction of "smart" biological systems that respond to the surrounding environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wesley D Marner
- Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Park S, Kim MY, Lee DH, Lee SH, Baik EJ, Moon CH, Park SW, Ko EY, Oh SR, Jung YS. Methanolic extract of onion (Allium cepa) attenuates ischemia/hypoxia-induced apoptosis in cardiomyocytes via antioxidant effect. Eur J Nutr 2009; 48:235-42. [PMID: 19234663 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-009-0007-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2008] [Accepted: 01/26/2009] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although there is growing awareness of the beneficial potential of onion intake to lower the risk of cardiovascular disease, there is little information about the effect of onion on ischemic heart injury, one of the most common cardiovascular diseases. AIM OF THE STUDY This study investigates the effect of the methanol-soluble extract of onion on ischemic injury in heart-derived H9c2 cells in vitro and in rat hearts in vivo. The underlying mechanism is also investigated. METHODS To evaluate the effect of onion on ischemia-induced cell death, LDH release and TUNEL-positivity were assessed in H9c2 cells, and the infarct size was measured in a myocardial infarct model. To investigate the mechanism of the cardioprotection by onion, the reactive oxygen species (ROS) level and the mitochondrial membrane potential (DeltaPsi(m)) were measured using an imaging technique; the caspase-3 activity was assayed, and Western blotting was performed to examine cytochrome c release in H9c2 cells. RESULTS The methanolic extract of onion had a preventive effect on ischemia/hypoxia-induced apoptotic death in H9c2 cells in vitro and in rat heart in vivo. The onion extract (0.05 g/ml) inhibited the elevation of the ROS, mitochondrial membrane depolarization, cytochrome c release and caspase-3 activation during hypoxia in H9c2 cells. In the in vivo rat myocardial infarction model, onion extract (10 g/kg) significantly reduced the infarct size, the apoptotic cell death of the heart and the plasma MDA level. CONCLUSION In conclusion, the results of this study suggest that the methanolic extract of onion attenuates ischemia/hypoxia-induced apoptosis in heart-derived H9c2 cells in vitro and in rat hearts in vivo, through, at least in part, an antioxidant effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sok Park
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Ajou University, #5 Woncheon-dong, Suwon, 443-749, South Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|