1
|
Cao Y, Zhou X, Nie Q, Zhang J. Inhibition of the thioredoxin system for radiosensitization therapy of cancer. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 268:116218. [PMID: 38387331 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Radiotherapy (RT) stands as a cornerstone in the clinical armamentarium against various cancers due to its proven efficacy. However, the intrinsic radiation resistance exhibited by cancer cells, coupled with the adverse effects of RT on normal tissues, often compromises its therapeutic potential and leads to unwanted side effects. This comprehensive review aims to consolidate our understanding of how radiosensitizers inhibit the thioredoxin (Trx) system in cellular contexts. Notable radiosensitizers, including gold nanoparticles (GNPs), gold triethylphosphine cyanide ([Au(SCN) (PEt3)]), auranofin, ceria nanoparticles (CONPs), curcumin and its derivatives, piperlongamide, indolequinone derivatives, micheliolide, motexafin gadolinium, and ethane selenide selenidazole derivatives (SeDs), are meticulously elucidated in terms of their applications in radiotherapy. In this review, the sensitization mechanisms and the current research progress of these radiosensitizers are discussed in detail, with the overall aim of providing valuable insights for the judicious application of Trx system inhibitors in the field of cancer radiosensitization therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yisheng Cao
- School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Xiedong Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Qiuying Nie
- School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Junmin Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hu Y, Zhu Y, Shi J, Wei X, Tang C, Guan X, Zhang W. Plasma Thioredoxin Reductase as a Potential Diagnostic Biomarker for Breast Cancer. Clin Breast Cancer 2024:S1526-8209(24)00081-8. [PMID: 38616444 DOI: 10.1016/j.clbc.2024.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early diagnosis of breast cancer is critical to the treatment and prognosis of breast cancer patients. Our aim is to explore more practical and effective diagnostic methods to facilitate early treatment and improve prognosis for breast cancer patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS The Mann-Whitney U test, receiver operating characteristic curve, Youden index, Chi-square test, and Fisher's exact test were used to determine whether plasma thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) could be used for the clinical diagnosis of breast cancer. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to validate the prognostic potential of plasma TrxR activity assessment. RESULTS A total of 761 patients were included, including 537 cases of breast cancer and 224 cases of benign breast diseases. Plasma TrxR activity in the breast cancer group [8.0 (6.0, 9.45) U/mL] was significantly higher than that in the benign group [3.05 (1.20, 6.275) U/mL]. The diagnostic efficiency of TrxR for breast cancer was higher than that of other conventional breast cancer biomarkers, with an area under the curve of 0.821 (95% CI = 0.791-0.852). In addition, TrxR can be used in combination with conventional tumor markers to further improve the diagnostic efficiency. The optimal TrxR threshold for identifying benign and malignant diseases is 7.45 U/mL. We detected plasma TrxR activity and serum tumor markers before and after antitumor therapies in 333 breast cancer patients and found that their trends were basically the same, with a significant decrease in plasma TrxR activity after treatment. CONCLUSION Plasma TrxR activity can be used as a suitable biomarker for breast cancer diagnosis and efficacy assessment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yixuan Hu
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yinxing Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, China
| | - Junfeng Shi
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaowei Wei
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Cuiju Tang
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Xiaoxiang Guan
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Personalized Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Wenwen Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhu Y, Hu Y, Shi J, Wei X, Song Y, Tang C, Zhang W. Plasma Thioredoxin Reductase as a Potential Biomarker for Gynecologic Cancer. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2023; 22:15330338231184995. [PMID: 37365925 DOI: 10.1177/15330338231184995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND According to previous literatures, plasma thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) level was significantly elevated in various malignant tumors and serve as a potential biomarker for diagnosis and prognostic prediction. However, there is little awareness of the clinical value of plasma TrxR in gynecologic malignancies. In the present study, we aim to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of plasma TrxR in gynecologic cancer and explore its role in treatment surveillance. METHODS We retrospectively enrolled 134 patients with gynecologic cancer and 79 patients with benign gynecologic disease. The difference of plasma TrxR activity and tumor markers level between two groups was compared using Mann-Whitney U test. By detecting pretreatment and post-treatment level of TrxR and conventional tumor markers, we further assessed the change trend of them with the Wilcoxon signed-ranks test. RESULTS Compared with benign control [5.7 (5, 6.6) U/mL], statistically significant increase of TrxR activity was observed in gynecologic cancer group [8.4 (7.25, 9.825) U/mL] (P < .0001), regardless of age and stage. On the basis of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, we found plasma TrxR shows the highest diagnostic efficacy for distinguishing malignancy with benign disease, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.823 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.767-0.878), in the whole cohort. Besides, patients receiving treatment previously [8 (6.5, 9) U/mL] had a decreased TrxR level relative to treatment-native patients [9.9 (8.6, 10.85) U/mL]. Furthermore, follow-up data showed that plasma TrxR level would be evidently decreased after two courses of antitumor therapy (P < .0001), which is consistent with the downward trend of conventional tumor markers. CONCLUSION Collectively, all these results demonstrated plasma TrxR is an effective parameter for gynecologic cancer diagnosis and concurrently acts as a promising biomarker for treatment response assessment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yinxing Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, China
| | - Yixuan Hu
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Junfeng Shi
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaowei Wei
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yaqi Song
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, China
| | - Cuiju Tang
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenwen Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Muangthong T, Chusangnin P, Hassametto A, Tanomrat R, Suwannalert P. Thioredoxin Reductase-1 as a Potential Biomarker in Fibroblast-Associated HCT116 Cancer Cell Progression and Dissemination in a Zebrafish Model. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 15:cancers15010056. [PMID: 36612053 PMCID: PMC9817953 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15010056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment, especially that of fibroblasts, strongly promotes colorectal cancer (CRC) progression. Progressive cancers usually accumulate high reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to oxidative stress. The stress relates to the expression of thioredoxin reductase-1 (TrxR-1), which is an oxidative stress sensitivity molecule. This study aimed to investigate TrxR-1 expression as an indication of colon-fibroblast-inducing colorectal cancer progression and metastasis. We found that the high proliferative fibroblast-cultured media (FCM) contained pro-inflammatory cytokines that have a high ability to influence HCT116 and CRC cell progression, when compared with complete media (CM) as a control in terms of growth (CM = 100.00%, FCM = 165.96%), migration (CM = 32.22%, FCM = 83.07%), invasion (CM = 130 cells/field, FCM = 449 cells/field), and EMT transformation while decreasing E-cadherin expression (CM = 1.00, FCM = 0.69) and shape factor (CM = 0.94, FCM = 0.61). In addition, the overexpression of TrxR-1 is associated with cellular oxidant enchantment in FCM-treated cells. A dot plot analysis showed a strong relation between the EMT process and the overexpression of TrxR-1 in FCM-treated cells (CM = 13/100 cells, FCM = 45/100 cells). The cancer transplantation of the adult zebrafish model illustrated a significantly higher number of microtumors in FCM-treated cells (CM = 4.33 ± 1.51/HPF, FCM = 25.00 ± 13.18/HPF) disseminated in the intraperitoneal cavity with TrxR-1 positive cells. The overexpression of TrxR-1 indicated fibroblast-associated CRC progression in HCT116 cells and the zebrafish model. Therefore, TrxR-1 could be applied as a novel biomarker for colorectal cancer progression and prognostic evaluation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tharathip Muangthong
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Pornnapat Chusangnin
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Artchaya Hassametto
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Rataya Tanomrat
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Prasit Suwannalert
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- Pathobiology Information and Learning Center, Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Liang J, Wang S, Hu J, Hong X, Zhu M, Liu X, Alswadeh M, Mo F, Dai M. Targeted inhibition of TXNRD1 prevents cartilage extracellular matrix degeneration by activating Nrf2 pathway in osteoarthritis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 635:267-276. [PMID: 36308906 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.10.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis, a prevalent orthopedic disease, can affect the elderly and causes impairment. The degradation and aberrant homeostasis of cartilage extracellular matrix figure pivotally in the progression of osteoarthritis. Thioredoxin systems plays a role in a wide range of biological processes, including cell proliferation, apoptosis, and oxidative stress. The present study aimed to investigate the unique function and underlying pathophysiological mechanism of TXNRD1 in chondrocytes. An upregulated expression of TXNRD1 was observed in the articular cartilage of osteoarthritis patients compared with normal articular cartilage. Furthermore, in vitro experiments showed that the expression of TXNRD1 was also abnormally increased in IL-1β-induced primary mouse chondrocytes. Silencing TXNRD1 using siRNA in chondrocytes could effectively inhibit the expression of ADAMTS5 and MMP13, and enhance the expression of COL2A1 and SOX9. The same was true for auranofin, an inhibitor of TXNRD1. This phenomenon indicated that inhibition of TXNRD1 attenuated il-1β-induced metabolic imbalance of extracellular matrix (ECM) and the progression of chondrocyte osteoarthritis. Further mechanism analysis revealed that the activation of Nrf2 signaling pathway and the expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) were increased upon TXNRD1 inhibition. Furthermore, auranofin was found to attenuate DMM-induced osteoarthritis progression in vivo. Therefore, the pharmacological downregulation of TXNRD1 may provide an effective novel therapy for OA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianhui Liang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Artificial Joints Engineering and Technology Research Center of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
| | - Song Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Artificial Joints Engineering and Technology Research Center of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
| | - Jiawei Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Artificial Joints Engineering and Technology Research Center of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
| | - Xin Hong
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Artificial Joints Engineering and Technology Research Center of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
| | - Meisong Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Artificial Joints Engineering and Technology Research Center of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
| | - Xuqiang Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Artificial Joints Engineering and Technology Research Center of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
| | - Momen Alswadeh
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Artificial Joints Engineering and Technology Research Center of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
| | - Fengbo Mo
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Artificial Joints Engineering and Technology Research Center of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China.
| | - Min Dai
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Artificial Joints Engineering and Technology Research Center of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Synthesis and SAR Analysis of Novel 4-Hydroxytamoxifen Analogues Based on Their Cytotoxic Activity and Electron-Donor Character. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27196758. [PMID: 36235291 PMCID: PMC9573586 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Utilizing McMurry reactions of 4,4′-dihydroxybenzophenone with appropriate carbonyl compounds, a series of 4-Hydroxytamoxifen analogues were synthesized. Their cytotoxic activity was evaluated in vitro on four human malignant cell lines (MCF-7, MDA-MB 231, A2058, HT-29). It was found that some of these novel Tamoxifen analogues show marked cytotoxicity in a dose-dependent manner. The relative ROS-generating capability of the synthetized analogues was evaluated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and DFT modeling studies. The results of cell-viability assays, CV measurements and DFT calculations suggest that the cytotoxicity of the majority of the novel compounds is mainly elicited by their interactions with cellular targets including estrogen receptors rather than triggered by redox processes. However, three novel compounds could be involved in ROS-production and subsequent formation of quinone-methide preventing proliferation and disrupting the redox balance of the treated cells. Among the cell lines studied, HT-29 proved to be the most susceptible to the treatment with compounds having ROS-generating potency.
Collapse
|
7
|
Chakraborty S, Sircar E, Bhattacharyya C, Choudhuri A, Mishra A, Dutta S, Bhatta S, Sachin K, Sengupta R. S-Denitrosylation: A Crosstalk between Glutathione and Redoxin Systems. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:1921. [PMID: 36290644 PMCID: PMC9598160 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11101921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
S-nitrosylation of proteins occurs as a consequence of the derivatization of cysteine thiols with nitric oxide (NO) and is often associated with diseases and protein malfunction. Aberrant S-nitrosylation, in addition to other genetic and epigenetic factors, has gained rapid importance as a prime cause of various metabolic, respiratory, and cardiac disorders, with a major emphasis on cancer and neurodegeneration. The S-nitrosoproteome, a term used to collectively refer to the diverse and dynamic repertoire of S-nitrosylated proteins, is relatively less explored in the field of redox biochemistry, in contrast to other covalently modified versions of the same set of proteins. Advancing research is gradually unveiling the enormous clinical importance of S-nitrosylation in the etiology of diseases and is opening up new avenues of prompt diagnosis that harness this phenomenon. Ever since the discovery of the two robust and highly conserved S-nitrosoglutathione reductase and thioredoxin systems as candidate denitrosylases, years of rampant speculation centered around the identification of specific substrates and other candidate denitrosylases, subcellular localization of both substrates and denitrosylases, the position of susceptible thiols, mechanisms of S-denitrosylation under basal and stimulus-dependent conditions, impact on protein conformation and function, and extrapolating these findings towards the understanding of diseases, aging and the development of novel therapeutic strategies. However, newer insights in the ever-expanding field of redox biology reveal distinct gaps in exploring the crucial crosstalk between the redoxins/major denitrosylase systems. Clarifying the importance of the functional overlap of the glutaredoxin, glutathione, and thioredoxin systems and examining their complementary functions as denitrosylases and antioxidant enzymatic defense systems are essential prerequisites for devising a rationale that could aid in predicting the extent of cell survival under high oxidative/nitrosative stress while taking into account the existence of the alternative and compensatory regulatory mechanisms. This review thus attempts to highlight major gaps in our understanding of the robust cellular redox regulation system, which is upheld by the concerted efforts of various denitrosylases and antioxidants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Surupa Chakraborty
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology Kolkata, Amity University Kolkata, Action Area II, Rajarhat, Newtown, Kolkata 700135, West Bengal, India
| | - Esha Sircar
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Camelia Bhattacharyya
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology Kolkata, Amity University Kolkata, Action Area II, Rajarhat, Newtown, Kolkata 700135, West Bengal, India
| | - Ankita Choudhuri
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology Kolkata, Amity University Kolkata, Action Area II, Rajarhat, Newtown, Kolkata 700135, West Bengal, India
| | - Akansha Mishra
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology Kolkata, Amity University Kolkata, Action Area II, Rajarhat, Newtown, Kolkata 700135, West Bengal, India
| | - Sreejita Dutta
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology Kolkata, Amity University Kolkata, Action Area II, Rajarhat, Newtown, Kolkata 700135, West Bengal, India
| | - Sneha Bhatta
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology Kolkata, Amity University Kolkata, Action Area II, Rajarhat, Newtown, Kolkata 700135, West Bengal, India
| | - Kumar Sachin
- Department of Biosciences, Swami Rama Himalayan University, Jolly Grant, Dehradun 248016, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Rajib Sengupta
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology Kolkata, Amity University Kolkata, Action Area II, Rajarhat, Newtown, Kolkata 700135, West Bengal, India
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Gandhi VV, Bihani SC, Phadnis PP, Kunwar A. Diselenide-derivative of 3-pyridinol targets redox enzymes leading to cell cycle deregulation and apoptosis in A549 cells. Biol Chem 2022; 403:891-905. [PMID: 36002994 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2022-0123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The aim of present study was to understand the mechanism of action of 2,2'-diselenobis(3-pyridinol) or DISPOL in human lung cancer (A549) cells. A549 cells were treated with 10 µM (∼IC50) of DISPOL for varying time points to corelate the intracellular redox changes with its cytotoxic effect. The results indicated that DISPOL treatment led to a time dependant decrease in the basal level of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Additionally, DISPOL treatment elevated the ratio of reduced (GSH) and oxidised (GSSG) glutathione by upregulating gamma-glutamylcysteine ligase (γ-GCL) involved in GSH biosynthesis and inhibiting the activities of redox enzymes responsible for GSH utilization and recycling, such as glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and glutathione reductase (GR). Molecular docking analysis suggests putative interactions of DISPOL with GST and GR which could account for its inhibitory effect on these enzymes. Further, DISPOL induced reductive environment preceded G1 arrest and apoptosis as evidenced by decreased expression of cell cycle genes (Cyclin D1 and Cyclin E1) and elevation of p21 and apoptotic markers (cleaved caspase 3 and cleaved PARP). The combinatorial experiments involving DISPOL and redox modulatory agents such as N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) indeed confirmed the role of reductive stress in DISPOL-induced cell death. Finally, Lipinski's rule suggests attributes of drug likeness in DISPOL. Taken together, DISPOL exhibits a novel mechanism of reductive stress-mediated cell death in A549 cells that warrants future exploration as anticancer agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vishwa V Gandhi
- Radiation and Photochemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Subhash C Bihani
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India.,Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Prasad P Phadnis
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India.,Chemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Amit Kunwar
- Radiation and Photochemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zeisel L, Felber JG, Scholzen KC, Poczka L, Cheff D, Maier MS, Cheng Q, Shen M, Hall MD, Arnér ES, Thorn-Seshold J, Thorn-Seshold O. Selective cellular probes for mammalian thioredoxin reductase TrxR1: Rational design of RX1, a modular 1,2-thiaselenane redox probe. Chem 2022; 8:1493-1517. [PMID: 35936029 PMCID: PMC9351623 DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2022.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Quantifying the activity of key cellular redox players is crucial for understanding physiological homeostasis, and for targeting their perturbed states in pathologies including cancer and inflammatory diseases. However, cellularly-selective probes for oxidoreductase turnover are sorely lacking. We rationally developed the first probes that selectively target the mammalian selenoprotein thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), using a cyclic selenenylsulfide oriented to harness TrxR's unique selenolthiol chemistry while resisting the cellular monothiol background. Lead probe RX1 had excellent TrxR1-selective performance in cells, cross-validated by knockout, selenium starvation, knock-in, and chemical inhibitors. Its background-free fluorogenicity enabled us to perform the first quantitative high-throughput live cell screen for TrxR1 inhibitors, which indicated that tempered SNAr electrophiles may be more selective TrxR drugs than the classical electrophiles used hitherto. The RX1 design thus sets the stage for in vivo imaging of the activity of this key oxidoreductase in health and disease, and can also drive TrxR1-inhibitor drug design.
Collapse
|
10
|
Tolbatov I, Marrone A. Selenocysteine of thioredoxin reductase as the primary target for the antitumor metallodrugs: A computational point of view. J Organomet Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2022.122330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
11
|
Li K, Feng T, Liu L, Liu H, Huang K, Zhou J. Hepatic Proteomic Analysis of Selenoprotein T Knockout Mice by TMT: Implications for the Role of Selenoprotein T in Glucose and Lipid Metabolism. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168515. [PMID: 34445217 PMCID: PMC8395235 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Selenoprotein T (SELENOT, SelT), a thioredoxin-like enzyme, exerts an essential oxidoreductase activity in the endoplasmic reticulum. However, its precise function remains unknown. To gain more understanding of SELENOT function, a conventional global Selenot knockout (KO) mouse model was constructed for the first time using the CRISPR/Cas9 technique. Deletion of SELENOT caused male sterility, reduced size/body weight, lower fed and/or fasting blood glucose levels and lower fasting serum insulin levels, and improved blood lipid profile. Tandem mass tag (TMT) proteomics analysis was conducted to explore the differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in the liver of male mice, revealing 60 up-regulated and 94 down-regulated DEPs in KO mice. The proteomic results were validated by western blot of three selected DEPs. The elevated expression of Glycogen [starch] synthase, liver (Gys2) is consistent with the hypoglycemic phenotype in KO mice. Furthermore, the bioinformatics analysis showed that Selenot-KO-induced DEPs were mainly related to lipid metabolism, cancer, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) signaling pathway, complement and coagulation cascades, and protein digestion and absorption. Overall, these findings provide a holistic perspective into SELENOT function and novel insights into the role of SELENOT in glucose and lipid metabolism, and thus, enhance our understanding of SELENOT function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ke Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry & Materia Medica, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, China; (K.L.); (T.F.); (L.L.); (H.L.); (K.H.)
| | - Tiejun Feng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry & Materia Medica, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, China; (K.L.); (T.F.); (L.L.); (H.L.); (K.H.)
| | - Leyan Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry & Materia Medica, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, China; (K.L.); (T.F.); (L.L.); (H.L.); (K.H.)
| | - Hongmei Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry & Materia Medica, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, China; (K.L.); (T.F.); (L.L.); (H.L.); (K.H.)
- Shenzhen Huazhong University of Science and Technology Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Kaixun Huang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry & Materia Medica, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, China; (K.L.); (T.F.); (L.L.); (H.L.); (K.H.)
| | - Jun Zhou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry & Materia Medica, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, China; (K.L.); (T.F.); (L.L.); (H.L.); (K.H.)
- Shenzhen Huazhong University of Science and Technology Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Liu Y, Yu Y, Zhao Q, Tang C, Zhang H, Qin Y, Feng X, Zhang J. Fluorescent probes based on nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions for reactive sulfur and selenium species: Recent progress, applications, and design strategies. Coord Chem Rev 2021; 427:213601. [PMID: 33024340 PMCID: PMC7529596 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2020.213601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Reactive sulfur species (RSS) and reactive selenium species (RSeS) are important substances for the maintenance of physiological balance. Imbalance of RSS and RSeS is closely related to a series of human diseases, so it is considered to be an important biomarker in early diagnosis, treatment, and stage monitoring. Fast and accurate quantitative analysis of different RSS and RSeS in complex biological systems may promote the development of personalized diagnosis and treatment in the future. One way to explore the physiological function of various types of RSS and RSeS in vivo is to detect them at the molecular level, and one of the most effective methods for this is to use fluorescent probes. Nucleophilic aromatic substitution (SNAr) reactions are commonly exploited as a detection mechanism for RSS and RSeS in fluorescent probes. In this review, we cover recent progress in fluorescent probes for RSS and RSeS based on SNAr reactions, and discuss their response mechanisms, properties, and applications. Benzenesulfonate, phenyl-O ether, phenyl-S ether, phenyl-Se ether, 7-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole (NBD), benzoate, and selenium-nitrogen bonds are all good detection groups. Moreover, based on an integration of different reports, we propose the design and synthesis of RSS- and RSeS-selective probes based on SNAr reactions, current challenges, and future research directions, considering the selection of active sites, the effect of substituents on the benzene ring, and the introduction of other functional groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuning Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- Scientific Observing and Experiment Station of Animal Genetic Resources and Nutrition in North China of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yanan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- Scientific Observing and Experiment Station of Animal Genetic Resources and Nutrition in North China of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qingyu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- Scientific Observing and Experiment Station of Animal Genetic Resources and Nutrition in North China of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chaohua Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- Scientific Observing and Experiment Station of Animal Genetic Resources and Nutrition in North China of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Huiyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- Scientific Observing and Experiment Station of Animal Genetic Resources and Nutrition in North China of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yuchang Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- Scientific Observing and Experiment Station of Animal Genetic Resources and Nutrition in North China of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaohui Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- Scientific Observing and Experiment Station of Animal Genetic Resources and Nutrition in North China of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Junmin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- Scientific Observing and Experiment Station of Animal Genetic Resources and Nutrition in North China of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Fan QZ, Zhou J, Zhu YB, He LJ, Miao DD, Zhang SP, Liu XP, Zhang C. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of a novel indoleamine 2,3-dioxigenase 1 (IDO1) and thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) dual inhibitor. Bioorg Chem 2020; 105:104401. [PMID: 33113415 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Targeting the Trp-Kyn pathway is an attractive approach for cancer immunotherapy. Thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) enzymes are reactive oxygen species (ROS) modulators that are involved in the tumor cell growth and survival processes. The 4-phenylimidazole scaffold is well-established as useful for indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) inhibition, while piperlongumine (PL) and its derivatives have been reported to be inhibitors of TrxR. To take advantage of both immunotherapy and TrxR inhibition, we designed a first-generation dual IDO1 and TrxR inhibitor (ZC0101) using the structural combination of 4-phenylimidazole and PL scaffolds. ZC0101 exhibited better dual inhibition against IDO1 and TrxR in vitro and in cell enzyme assays than the uncombined forms of 4-phenylimidazole and PL. It also showed antiproliferative activity in various cancer cell lines, and a selective killing effect between normal and cancer cells. Furthermore, ZC0101 effectively induced apoptosis and ROS accumulation in cancer cells. Knockdown of TrxR1 and IDO1 expression induced cellular enzyme inhibition and ROS accumulation effects during ZC0101 treatment, but only reduced TrxR1 expression was able to improve ZC0101's antiproliferation effect. This proof-of-concept study provides a novel strategy for cancer treatment. ZC0101 represents a promising lead compound for the development of novel antitumor agents that can also be used as a valuable probe to clarify the relationships and mechanisms of cancer immunotherapy and ROS modulators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Zhu Fan
- Center of Drug Screening and Evaluation, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, PR China
| | - Ji Zhou
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, PR China
| | - Yi-Bao Zhu
- Center of Drug Screening and Evaluation, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, PR China
| | - Lian-Jun He
- Center of Drug Screening and Evaluation, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, PR China
| | - Dong-Dong Miao
- Center of Drug Screening and Evaluation, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, PR China
| | - Sheng-Peng Zhang
- Center of Drug Screening and Evaluation, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, PR China
| | - Xiao-Ping Liu
- Center of Drug Screening and Evaluation, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, PR China.
| | - Chao Zhang
- Center of Drug Screening and Evaluation, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Bao X, Yan L, Lin J, Chen Q, Chen L, Zhuang Z, Wang R, Hong Y, Qian J, Wang J, Chen F, Liu F, Wang J, He B. Selenoprotein genetic variants may modify the association between serum selenium and oral cancer risk. Oral Dis 2020; 26:1141-1148. [PMID: 32267599 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The relationship between selenium (Se) and oral cancer is still controversial, and the selenoprotein genes play crucial roles in selenium metabolism. We aim to investigate the potential effect of selenoprotein genes (including GPx and TXNRD) in the association of serum Se with oral cancer risk. METHODS A case-control study including 235 oral cancer cases and 406 controls from September 2011 to December 2018 was conducted in Fujian, China. The peripheral blood samples were obtained from each participant. Genotyping was performed by MassARRAY system, and serum Se levels were measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). RESULTS Compared with the lowest tertile of Se concentration, those with Se levels in the third tertile were associated with the lower risk of oral cancer (OR = 0.228; 95% CI: 0.135, 0.384). After additional adjustment for genetic risk score (GRS, derived from selenoprotein genetic variants), the model demonstrated the superior goodness of fit. When stratified by GRS, the negative correlation of serum Se was more pronounced among those with low risk (i.e., lower GRS). Moreover, there is a multiplicative interaction between serum Se and GRS for the risk of oral cancer (p = .001). CONCLUSIONS The present study suggests that serum Se levels may be significantly associated with oral cancer risk, yet the association may be modified by the effects of selenoprotein genetic variants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodan Bao
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lingjun Yan
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jing Lin
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qing Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhaocheng Zhuang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yihong Hong
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jiawen Qian
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Fa Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Fengqiong Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Laboratory Center, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Baochang He
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ecker A, Barbosa NV, Ardisson-Araujo D. Accessing the transcriptional status of selenoproteins in skin cancer-derived cell lines. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2020; 60:126476. [PMID: 32142958 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2020.126476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Selenoproteins are selenocysteine (Sec)-containing proteins that exhibit numerous physiological functions, mainly antioxidative activities. Studies have suggested that several human selenoproteins play an important role in tumor initiation and progression, including melanoma. METHODS Using RNA-seq data set from Sequence Reads Archive (SRA) experiments published at the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), we determined and compared the transcriptional levels of the 25 selenoproteins-coding sequences found in 16 human-derived melanoma cell lines and compared to four melanocyte controls. RESULTS 15 selenoprotein-coding genes were found to be expressed in melanoma and normal melanocyte cells, and their mRNA levels varied among the cell lines. All melanoma cells analyzed with BRAF or NRAS mutations presented upregulated levels of SELENOI, TXNRD1, and SELENOT transcripts and downregulated levels of SELENOW and SELENON transcripts in comparison with melanocytes controls. Moreover, SELENOW, SELENON, SELENOI, TXNRD1, and SELENOT-coding transcripts were affected when BRAF-mutated A375 cells were treated with CPI203, A771726 or Vorinostat drugs. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that melanoma cells can modify, in a different manner, the selenoprotein transcript levels, as a possible mechanism to control tumor progression. We suggest that the usage of diet and supplements containing selenium should be carefully used for patients with melanoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Assis Ecker
- Laboratory of Insect Virology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Nilda Vargas Barbosa
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil.
| | - Daniel Ardisson-Araujo
- Laboratory of Insect Virology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Truong D, Sullivan MP, Tong KKH, Steel TR, Prause A, Lovett JH, Andersen JW, Jamieson SMF, Harris HH, Ott I, Weekley CM, Hummitzsch K, Söhnel T, Hanif M, Metzler-Nolte N, Goldstone DC, Hartinger CG. Potent Inhibition of Thioredoxin Reductase by the Rh Derivatives of Anticancer M(arene/Cp*)(NHC)Cl 2 Complexes. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:3281-3289. [PMID: 32073260 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b03640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Metal complexes provide a versatile platform to develop novel anticancer pharmacophores, and they form stable compounds with N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands, some of which have been shown to inhibit the cancer-related selenoenzyme thioredoxin reductase (TrxR). To expand a library of isostructural NHC complexes, we report here the preparation of RhIII- and IrIII(Cp*)(NHC)Cl2 (Cp* = η5-pentamethylcyclopentadienyl) compounds and comparison of their properties to the RuII- and OsII(cym) analogues (cym = η6-p-cymene). Like the RuII- and OsII(cym) complexes, the RhIII- and IrIII(Cp*) derivatives exhibit cytotoxic activity with half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values in the low micromolar range against a set of four human cancer cell lines. In studies on the uptake and localization of the compounds in cancer cells by X-ray fluorescence microscopy, the Ru and Os derivatives were shown to accumulate in the cytoplasmic region of treated cells. In an attempt to tie the localization of the compounds to the inhibition of the tentative target TrxR, it was surprisingly found that only the Rh complexes showed significant inhibitory activity at IC50 values of ∼1 μM, independent of the substituents on the NHC ligand. This indicates that, although TrxR may be a potential target for anticancer metal complexes, it is unlikely the main target or the sole target for the Ru, Os, and Ir compounds described here, and other targets should be considered. In contrast, Rh(Cp*)(NHC)Cl2 complexes may be a scaffold for the development of TrxR inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Andre Prause
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Beethovenstr. 55, Braunschweig D-38106, Germany
| | | | | | - Stephen M F Jamieson
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | | | - Ingo Ott
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Beethovenstr. 55, Braunschweig D-38106, Germany
| | - Claire M Weekley
- Bio21 Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3052, VIC, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Nils Metzler-Nolte
- Inorganic Chemistry I-Bioinorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitaetsstrasse, Bochum 44801, Germany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Abstract
The mammalian thioredoxin system is driven by NADPH through the activities of isoforms of the selenoprotein thioredoxin reductase (TXNRD, TrxR), which in turn help to keep thioredoxins (TXN, Trx) and further downstream targets reduced. Due to a wide range of functions in antioxidant defense, cell proliferation, and redox signaling, strong cellular aberrations are seen upon the targeting of TrxR enzymes by inhibitors. However, such inhibition can nonetheless have rather unexpected consequences. Accumulating data suggest that inhibition of TrxR in normal cells typically yields a paradoxical effect of increased antioxidant defense, with metabolic pathway reprogramming, increased cellular proliferation, and altered cellular differentiation patterns. Conversely, inhibition of TrxR in cancer cells can yield excessive levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) resulting in cell death and thus anticancer efficacy. The observed increases in antioxidant capacity upon inhibition of TrxR in normal cells are in part dependent upon activation of the Nrf2 transcription factor, while exaggerated ROS levels in cancer cells can be explained by a non-oncogene addiction of cancer cells to TrxR1 due to their increased endogenous production of ROS. These separate consequences of TrxR inhibition can be utilized therapeutically. Importantly, however, a thorough knowledge of the molecular mechanisms underlying effects triggered by TrxR inhibition is crucial for the understanding of therapy outcomes after use of such inhibitors. The mammalian thioredoxin system is driven by thioredoxin reductases (TXNRD, TrxR), which keeps thioredoxins (TXN, Trx) and further downstream targets reduced. In normal cells, inhibition of TrxR yields a paradoxical effect of increased antioxidant defense upon activation of the Nrf2 transcription factor. In cancer cells, however, inhibition of TrxR yields excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels resulting in cell death and thus anticancer efficacy, which can be explained by a non-oncogene addiction of cancer cells to TrxR1 due to their increased endogenous production of ROS. These separate consequences of TrxR inhibition can be utilized therapeutically.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elias S J Arnér
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. .,Department of Selenoprotein Research, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Gandhi VV, Phadnis PP, Kunwar A. 2,2′-Dipyridyl diselenide (Py2Se2) induces G1 arrest and apoptosis in human lung carcinoma (A549) cells through ROS scavenging and reductive stress. Metallomics 2020; 12:1253-1266. [DOI: 10.1039/d0mt00106f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This study demonstrates the cytotoxic activity and the underlying mechanisms of a synthetic organoselenium compound containing pyridine and diselenide moieties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V. V. Gandhi
- Radiation and Photochemistry Division
- Bhabha Atomic Research Centre
- Mumbai-400085
- India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute
| | - Prasad P. Phadnis
- Homi Bhabha National Institute
- Mumbai-400 094
- India
- Chemistry Division
- Bhabha Atomic Research Centre
| | - A. Kunwar
- Radiation and Photochemistry Division
- Bhabha Atomic Research Centre
- Mumbai-400085
- India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Leonardi A, Evke S, Lee M, Melendez JA, Begley TJ. Epitranscriptomic systems regulate the translation of reactive oxygen species detoxifying and disease linked selenoproteins. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 143:573-593. [PMID: 31476365 PMCID: PMC7650020 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Here we highlight the role of epitranscriptomic systems in post-transcriptional regulation, with a specific focus on RNA modifying writers required for the incorporation of the 21st amino acid selenocysteine during translation, and the pathologies linked to epitranscriptomic and selenoprotein defects. Epitranscriptomic marks in the form of enzyme-catalyzed modifications to RNA have been shown to be important signals regulating translation, with defects linked to altered development, intellectual impairment, and cancer. Modifications to rRNA, mRNA and tRNA can affect their structure and function, while the levels of these dynamic tRNA-specific epitranscriptomic marks are stress-regulated to control translation. The tRNA for selenocysteine contains five distinct epitranscriptomic marks and the ALKBH8 writer for the wobble uridine (U) has been shown to be vital for the translation of the glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and thioredoxin reductase (TRXR) family of selenoproteins. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) detoxifying selenocysteine containing proteins are a prime examples of how specialized translation can be regulated by specific tRNA modifications working in conjunction with distinct codon usage patterns, RNA binding proteins and specific 3' untranslated region (UTR) signals. We highlight the important role of selenoproteins in detoxifying ROS and provide details on how epitranscriptomic marks and selenoproteins can play key roles in and maintaining mitochondrial function and preventing disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Leonardi
- Colleges of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Sara Evke
- Colleges of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, State University of New York Polytechnic Institute, Albany, NY, USA
| | - May Lee
- Colleges of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, State University of New York Polytechnic Institute, Albany, NY, USA
| | - J Andres Melendez
- Colleges of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, State University of New York Polytechnic Institute, Albany, NY, USA.
| | - Thomas J Begley
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, USA; RNA Institute, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Organometallic Compounds and Metal Complexes in Current and Future Treatments of Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Colorectal Cancer-a Critical Review. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9090398. [PMID: 31443436 PMCID: PMC6770552 DOI: 10.3390/biom9090398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, there has been a significant increase in the clinical use of organometallic compounds and metal complexes for therapeutic purposes including treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Their action is based on the inhibition of the inflow of pro-inflammatory cytokines, the elimination of free radicals or the modulation of intestinal microbiota. In addition, these compounds are intended for use in the diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC) which is often a consequence of IBD. The aim of this study is to critically discuss recent findings on the use of organometallic compounds and metal complexes in the treatment of IBD and CRC and suggest future trends in drug design.
Collapse
|
21
|
Overview of thioredoxin system and targeted therapies for acute leukemia. Mitochondrion 2019; 47:38-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2019.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
22
|
Reddy KM, Mugesh G. Modelling the Inhibition of Selenoproteins by Small Molecules Using Cysteine and Selenocysteine Derivatives. Chemistry 2019; 25:8875-8883. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201901363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kishorkumar M. Reddy
- Department of Inorganic and Physical ChemistryIndian Institute of Science Bangalore 560012 India
| | - Govindasamy Mugesh
- Department of Inorganic and Physical ChemistryIndian Institute of Science Bangalore 560012 India
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Onodera T, Momose I, Kawada M. Potential Anticancer Activity of Auranofin. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2019; 67:186-191. [DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c18-00767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takefumi Onodera
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Numazu, Microbial Chemistry Research Foundation
| | - Isao Momose
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Numazu, Microbial Chemistry Research Foundation
| | - Manabu Kawada
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Numazu, Microbial Chemistry Research Foundation
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Penninckx S, Heuskin AC, Michiels C, Lucas S. Thioredoxin Reductase Activity Predicts Gold Nanoparticle Radiosensitization Effect. NANOMATERIALS 2019; 9:nano9020295. [PMID: 30791480 PMCID: PMC6409576 DOI: 10.3390/nano9020295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) have been shown to be effective contrast agents for imaging and emerge as powerful radiosensitizers, constituting a promising theranostic agent for cancer. Although the radiosensitization effect was initially attributed to a physical mechanism, an increasing number of studies challenge this mechanistic hypothesis and evidence the importance of oxidative stress in this process. This work evidences the central role played by thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) in the GNP-induced radiosensitization. A cell type-dependent reduction in TrxR activity was measured in five different cell lines incubated with GNPs leading to differences in cell response to X-ray irradiation. Correlation analyses demonstrated that GNP uptake and TrxR activity inhibition are associated to a GNP radiosensitization effect. Finally, Kaplan-Meier analyses suggested that high TrxR expression is correlated to low patient survival in four different types of cancer. Altogether, these results enable a better understanding of the GNP radiosensitization mechanism, which remains a mandatory step towards further use in clinic. Moreover, they highlight the potential application of this new treatment in a personalized medicine context.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Penninckx
- Research Center for the Physics of Matter and Radiation (PMR-LARN), Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, B-5000 Namur, Belgium.
| | - Anne-Catherine Heuskin
- Research Center for the Physics of Matter and Radiation (PMR-LARN), Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, B-5000 Namur, Belgium.
| | - Carine Michiels
- Unité de Recherche en Biologie Cellulaire (URBC), Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, B-5000 Namur, Belgium.
| | - Stéphane Lucas
- Research Center for the Physics of Matter and Radiation (PMR-LARN), Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, B-5000 Namur, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Yin C, Dai X, Huang X, Zhu W, Chen X, Zhou Q, Wang C, Zhao C, Zou P, Liang G, Rajamanickam V, Wang O, Zhang X, Cui R. Alantolactone promotes ER stress-mediated apoptosis by inhibition of TrxR1 in triple-negative breast cancer cell lines and in a mouse model. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:2194-2206. [PMID: 30609207 PMCID: PMC6378194 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a subtype of breast cancer with poor clinical outcome and currently no effective targeted therapies are available. Alantolactone (ATL), a sesquiterpene lactone, has been shown to have potential anti‐tumour activity against various cancer cells. However, the underlying mechanism and therapeutic effect of ATL in the TNBC are largely unknown. In the present study, we found that ATL suppresses TNBC cell viability by reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and subsequent ROS‐dependent endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress both in vitro and in vivo. Thioredoxin reductase 1 (TrxR1) expression and activity of were significantly up‐regulated in the TNBC tissue specimens compare to the normal adjacent tissues. Further analyses showed that ATL inhibits the activity of TrxR1 both in vitro and in vivo in TNBC and knockdown of TrxR1 in TNBC cells sensitized ATL‐induced cell apoptosis and ROS increase. These results will provide pre‐clinical evidences that ATL could be a potential therapeutic agent against TNBC by promoting ROS‐ER stress‐mediated apoptosis through partly targeting TrxR1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Changtian Yin
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xuanxuan Dai
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiangjie Huang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wangyu Zhu
- Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Zhoushan Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qiulin Zhou
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Canwei Wang
- Affiliated Yueqing Hospital and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chengguang Zhao
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Peng Zou
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guang Liang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Vinothkumar Rajamanickam
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ouchen Wang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaohua Zhang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ri Cui
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Gopalakrishna R, Gundimeda U, Zhou S, Bui H, Holmgren A. Redox regulation of protein kinase C by selenometabolites and selenoprotein thioredoxin reductase limits cancer prevention by selenium. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 127:55-61. [PMID: 29775743 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.05.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The cancer-preventive mechanism of selenium should address the way low concentrations of selenometabolites react with cellular targets without being diffused from the sites of generation, the way selenium selectively kills tumor cells, and the intriguing U-shaped curve that is seen with dietary supplementation of selenium and cancer prevention. Protein kinase C (PKC), a receptor for tumor promoters, is well suited for this mechanism. Due to the catalytic redox cycle, low concentrations of methylselenol, a postulated active metabolite of selenium, react with the tumor-promoting lipid hydroperoxide bound to PKC to form methylseleninic acid (MSA), which selectively reacts with thiol residues present within the vicinity of the PKC catalytic domain to inactivate it. Given that lipid hydroperoxide levels are high in promoting cells, PKC inactivation selectively leads to death in these cells. A biphasic effect of MSA in inducing cell death was observed in certain prostate cancer cell lines; lower concentrations of MSA induced cell death, while higher concentrations failed to do so. Lower concentrations of selenium inactivate more sensitive antiapoptotic isoenzymes of PKC (ε and α), sparing less sensitive proapoptotic isoenzymes (PKCδ and PKCζ). Higher concentrations of selenium also inactivate proapoptotic isoenzymes and consequently make tumor cells resistant to apoptosis. Due to a high-affinity binding of thioredoxin to the PKC catalytic domain, this thiol oxidation is explicitly reversed by thioredoxin reductase (TXNRD), a selenoprotein. Therefore, overexpression of TXNRD in advanced tumor cells could make them resistant to selenium-induced death. Conceivably, this mechanism, at least in part, explains why selenium prevents cancer only in certain cases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rayudu Gopalakrishna
- Department of Integrative Anatomical Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
| | - Usha Gundimeda
- Department of Integrative Anatomical Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Sarah Zhou
- Department of Integrative Anatomical Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Helena Bui
- Department of Integrative Anatomical Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Arne Holmgren
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Carriere PP, Kapur N, Mir H, Ward AB, Singh S. Cinnamtannin B-1 inhibits cell survival molecules and induces apoptosis in colon cancer. Int J Oncol 2018; 53:1442-1454. [PMID: 30066888 PMCID: PMC6086629 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Colon cancer patients receiving chemotherapy continue to be burdened with therapeutic failure and adverse side effects, yielding a need to develop more effective treatments. The present study investigates Cinnamtannin B-1 (CTB-1) as a potential low-toxicity therapeutic alternative for colon cancer. CTB-1-treated DLD-1, COLO 201 and HCT-116 (WT p53 and p53 null) colon cancer cells and CCD 841 CoN normal colon epithelial cells were assessed for changes in survival using MTT assay. The effects of CTB-1 on cell cycle progression and the apoptosis of colon cancer cells were measured using flow cytometry and/or immunofluorescence. The expression profiles of cell survival molecules, particularly apoptotic proteins, in the colon cancer cells were evaluated following CTB-1 treatment via antibody array, then validated by western blot analysis. Additionally, the potential synergy between CTB-1 and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), a conventional chemotherapeutic agent used in the treatment of colon cancer, against colon cancer cells was assessed using MTT assay and Calcusyn software. The results revealed that CTB-1 signifi-cantly decreased the survival of the DLD-1, COLO 201 and HCT-116 cells in a time and/or dose-dependent manner, with minimal cytotoxicity to normal colon cells. CTB-1 treatment was shown to induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis of DLD-1 and COLO 201 cells. Of note, CTB-1 modulated the expression of several cell survival molecules, which tend to be deregulated in colon cancer, including p53, a key transcription factor involved in apoptosis. The downstream regulation of Bcl-2 and Bak expression, as well as cytochrome c release into the cytosol, was also observed following CTB-1 treatment. Furthermore, CTB-1 was shown to significantly enhance the potency of 5-FU via a synergistic drug interaction. This study reveals for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, the ability of CTB-1 to decrease the survival of colon cancer cells through pro-apoptotic mechanisms and display synergy with conventional chemotherapy, demonstrating the potential therapeutic benefit of CTB-1 in colon cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick P Carriere
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA
| | - Neeraj Kapur
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA
| | - Hina Mir
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA
| | - Ashley B Ward
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA
| | - Shailesh Singh
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Stafford WC, Peng X, Olofsson MH, Zhang X, Luci DK, Lu L, Cheng Q, Trésaugues L, Dexheimer TS, Coussens NP, Augsten M, Ahlzén HSM, Orwar O, Östman A, Stone-Elander S, Maloney DJ, Jadhav A, Simeonov A, Linder S, Arnér ESJ. Irreversible inhibition of cytosolic thioredoxin reductase 1 as a mechanistic basis for anticancer therapy. Sci Transl Med 2018; 10:eaaf7444. [PMID: 29444979 PMCID: PMC7059553 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaf7444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Revised: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells adapt to their inherently increased oxidative stress through activation of the glutathione (GSH) and thioredoxin (TXN) systems. Inhibition of both of these systems effectively kills cancer cells, but such broad inhibition of antioxidant activity also kills normal cells, which is highly unwanted in a clinical setting. We therefore evaluated targeting of the TXN pathway alone and, more specifically, selective inhibition of the cytosolic selenocysteine-containing enzyme TXN reductase 1 (TXNRD1). TXNRD1 inhibitors were discovered in a large screening effort and displayed increased specificity compared to pan-TXNRD inhibitors, such as auranofin, that also inhibit the mitochondrial enzyme TXNRD2 and additional targets. For our lead compounds, TXNRD1 inhibition correlated with cancer cell cytotoxicity, and inhibitor-triggered conversion of TXNRD1 from an antioxidant to a pro-oxidant enzyme correlated with corresponding increases in cellular production of H2O2 In mice, the most specific TXNRD1 inhibitor, here described as TXNRD1 inhibitor 1 (TRi-1), impaired growth and viability of human tumor xenografts and syngeneic mouse tumors while having little mitochondrial toxicity and being better tolerated than auranofin. These results display the therapeutic anticancer potential of irreversibly targeting cytosolic TXNRD1 using small molecules and present potent and selective TXNRD1 inhibitors. Given the pronounced up-regulation of TXNRD1 in several metastatic malignancies, it seems worthwhile to further explore the potential benefit of specific irreversible TXNRD1 inhibitors for anticancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William C Stafford
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, SE 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
- Oblique Therapeutics AB, SE 413 46 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Xiaoxiao Peng
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, SE 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Hägg Olofsson
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, SE 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Xiaonan Zhang
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, SE 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Diane K Luci
- NIH Chemical Genomics Center, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-4874, USA
| | - Li Lu
- Karolinska Experimental Research and Imaging Center, Karolinska University Hospital, SE 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Qing Cheng
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, SE 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lionel Trésaugues
- Division of Biophysics, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, SE 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thomas S Dexheimer
- NIH Chemical Genomics Center, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-4874, USA
| | - Nathan P Coussens
- NIH Chemical Genomics Center, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-4874, USA
| | - Martin Augsten
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, SE 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hanna-Stina Martinsson Ahlzén
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, SE 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Owe Orwar
- Oblique Therapeutics AB, SE 413 46 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, SE 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Arne Östman
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, SE 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
- University of Bergen, Postboks 7804, N-5020 Bergen, Norway
| | - Sharon Stone-Elander
- Department of Neuroradiology, Positron Emission Tomography Radiochemistry, Karolinska University Hospital, SE 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Karolinska Institutet, SE 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - David J Maloney
- NIH Chemical Genomics Center, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-4874, USA
| | - Ajit Jadhav
- NIH Chemical Genomics Center, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-4874, USA
| | - Anton Simeonov
- NIH Chemical Genomics Center, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-4874, USA
| | - Stig Linder
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, SE 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Drug Research, Department of Medicine and Health, Linköping University, SE 581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Elias S J Arnér
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, SE 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Sidhu JS, Singh A, Garg N, Kaur N, Singh N. Carbon dots as analytical tools for sensing of thioredoxin reductase and screening of cancer cells. Analyst 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7an02040f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The addition of Cu2+ to a CD solution quenches the fluorescence emission of CDs while on the addition of TrxR, 2-mercaptopropanoic acid released from the surface of the CDs and emission from CDs was regained.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ashutosh Singh
- School of Basic Sciences
- Indian Institute of Technology Mandi
- Mandi
- India
| | - Neha Garg
- School of Basic Sciences
- Indian Institute of Technology Mandi
- Mandi
- India
| | - Navneet Kaur
- Department of Chemistry
- Panjab University
- Chandigarh 160014
- India
| | - Narinder Singh
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Ropar
- Rupnagar
- India
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Costunolide specifically binds and inhibits thioredoxin reductase 1 to induce apoptosis in colon cancer. Cancer Lett 2017; 412:46-58. [PMID: 29037867 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2017] [Revised: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Colon cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths. A natural sesquiterpene lactone, costunolide (CTD), showed inhibition of cancer development. However, the underlying mechanisms are not known. Here, we have examined the therapeutic activity and novel mechanisms of the anti-cancer activities of CTD in colon cancer cells. Using SPR analysis and enzyme activity assay on recombinant TrxR1 protein, our results show that CTD directly binds and inhibits the activity of TrxR1, which caused enhanced generation of ROS and led to ROS-dependent endoplasmic reticulum stress and cell apoptosis in colon cancer cells. Overexpression of TrxR1 in HCT116 cells reversed CTD-induced cell apoptosis and ROS increase. CTD treatment of mice implanted with colon cancer cells showed tumor growth inhibition and reduced TrxR1 activity and ROS level. In addition, it was observed that TrxR1 was significantly up-regulated in existing colon cancer gene database and clinically obtained colon cancer tissues. Our studies have uncovered the mechanism underlying the biological activity of CTD in colon cancer and suggest that targeting TrxR1 may prove to be beneficial as a treatment option.
Collapse
|
31
|
Abstract
The cytosolic selenoprotein thioredoxin reductase 1 (TrxR1, encoded in human by TXNRD1) is implied to have several different roles in relation to cancer. Its physiologic functions may protect normal cells from carcinogenesis, but may also promote cancer progression if carcinogenesis nonetheless occurs. With distinct links to Nrf2 signaling, ribonucleotide reductase-dependent production of deoxyribonucleotides and its support of several antioxidant systems counteracting oxidative stress, the metabolic pathways regulated, and affected by TrxR1, are altogether of crucial importance in cancer. These pathways and causal relationships are at the same time highly intricate. In spite of the complexity in the cellular redox networks, several observations discussed in this chapter suggest that specific targeting of TrxR1 may be promising as a mechanistic principle for anticancer therapy.
Collapse
|
32
|
Sidhu JS, Singh A, Garg N, Singh N. Carbon Dot Based, Naphthalimide Coupled FRET Pair for Highly Selective Ratiometric Detection of Thioredoxin Reductase and Cancer Screening. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:25847-25856. [PMID: 28737377 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b07046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) mechanism has been established between carbon dots (CDs) and naphthalimide to monitor the activity of thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), which is often overexpressed in many cancer cells. The naphthalimide moiety was covalently attached to the surface of CDs through a disulfide linkage. In normal cell conditions (when devoid of high concentrations of TrxR), the CDs act as an energy donor and naphthalimide acts as an acceptor, which establishes the FRET pair as interpreted from the emission at λem = 565 nm, when excited at λex = 360 nm. However, contrary to this, the elevated levels of TrxR cause the breakage of disulfide bonds and consequently abolishes the FRET pair through the release of the naphthalimide moiety from the surface of CDs. This process was studied by monitoring of fluorescence intensity at λem = 565 and 440 nm, when excited at the same wavelength (λex = 360 nm). The TrxR based ratiometric quenching and enhancement of fluorescence intensity offers an interesting opportunity to monitor the enzyme activities and has many advantages over conventional monitoring of fluorescence intensity at a single wavelength to avoid interference of external factors. Fluorescence images of cancer cells in response to the nanosensor were visualized under a confocal microscope. Cytotoxicity study of nanosensor retards the growth of HeLa and MCF-7 cell lines in the presence of visible light. Therefore, the nanosensor also acts as a theranostic agent to diagnose as well as killing of cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jagpreet Singh Sidhu
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar , Rupnagar, Punjab 140001, India
| | - Ashutosh Singh
- School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi , Kamand, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh 175005, India
| | - Neha Garg
- School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi , Kamand, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh 175005, India
| | - Narinder Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar , Rupnagar, Punjab 140001, India
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Mercatelli N, Fittipaldi S, De Paola E, Dimauro I, Paronetto MP, Jackson MJ, Caporossi D. MiR-23-TrxR1 as a novel molecular axis in skeletal muscle differentiation. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7219. [PMID: 28775321 PMCID: PMC5543121 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07575-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Thioredoxin reductase 1 (TrxR1) is a selenocysteine-containing protein involved in cellular redox homeostasis which is downregulated in skeletal muscle differentiation. Here we show that TrxR1 decrease occurring during myogenesis is functionally involved in the coordination of this cellular process. Indeed, TrxR1 depletion reduces myoblasts growth by inducing an early myogenesis -related gene expression pattern which includes myogenin and Myf5 up-regulation and Cyclin D1 decrease. On the contrary, the overexpression of TrxR1 during differentiation delays myogenic process, by negatively affecting the expression of Myogenin and MyHC. Moreover, we found that miR-23a and miR-23b - whose expression was increased in the early stage of C2C12 differentiation - are involved in the regulation of TrxR1 expression through their direct binding to the 3' UTR of TrxR1 mRNA. Interestingly, the forced inhibition of miR-23a and miR-23b during C2C12 differentiation partially rescues TrxR1 levels and delays the expression of myogenic markers, suggesting the involvement of miR-23 in myogenesis via TrxR1 repression. Taken together, our results depict for the first time a novel molecular axis, which functionally acts in skeletal muscle differentiation through the modulation of TrxR1 by miR-23.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neri Mercatelli
- Unit of Biology, Genetics and Biochemistry, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Rome, Italy.
| | - Simona Fittipaldi
- Unit of Biology, Genetics and Biochemistry, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Rome, Italy.,IRCCS SDN Foundation, Naples, Italy
| | - Elisa De Paola
- Unit of Biology, Genetics and Biochemistry, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Rome, Italy.,Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, CERC, Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Ivan Dimauro
- Unit of Biology, Genetics and Biochemistry, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Paola Paronetto
- Unit of Biology, Genetics and Biochemistry, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Rome, Italy.,Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, CERC, Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Malcolm J Jackson
- Medical Research Council-Arthritis Research UK Centre for Integrated Research into Musculoskeletal Ageing, Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Daniela Caporossi
- Unit of Biology, Genetics and Biochemistry, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
TXNRD1 Is an Unfavorable Prognostic Factor for Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:4698167. [PMID: 28536696 PMCID: PMC5425838 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4698167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Thioredoxin reductase 1 (TXNRD1) which is a selenocysteine-containing protein is overexpressed in many malignancies. Its role in the hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) prognosis has not been investigated. In this study, we investigated whether TXNRD1 functions as an independent prognostic factor for HCC patients. We found TXNRD1 was overexpressed in HCC tissues and cells, immunohistochemical analysis suggested TXNRD1 was elevated in 57 of 120 (47.5%) clinical samples, and its level was increased with the increasing clinical stage. In addition, TXNRD1 expression was positively correlated with clinical stage (p = 3.5e − 5), N classification (p = 4.4e − 4), and M classification (p = 0.037) of HCC patients. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that patients with high TXNRD1 expression had significantly shorter survival time than patients with low TXNRD1 expression. Multivariate analysis found TXNRD1 was an independent prognostic factor for HCC patients. In conclusion, our data suggested that TXNRD1 was a biomarker for the prognosis of patients with HCC.
Collapse
|
35
|
Ng HL, Ma X, Chew EH, Chui WK. Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Coupled Bioactive Scaffolds as Potential Anticancer Agents for Dual Targeting of Dihydrofolate Reductase and Thioredoxin Reductase. J Med Chem 2017; 60:1734-1745. [PMID: 28177228 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) and thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) enzymes are involved in the process of tumor cell growth and survival. The 4,6-diamino-1,2-dihydro-1,3,5-triazine scaffold is well-established as a useful scaffold for DHFR inhibition, while chalcones have been reported to be inhibitors of TrxR. In this study, 15 novel compounds designed by the structural combination of the 4,6-diamino-1,2-dihydro-1,3,5-triazine and chalcone scaffolds via a diether linker were successfully synthesized and characterized. All of the compounds demonstrated dual inhibition against DHFR and TrxR when they were assessed by in vitro enzyme assays. The compounds also exhibited antiproliferative activity against the MCF-7 and HCT116 cells. The more potent analogs 14 and 15 were found to inhibit cellular DHFR and TrxR activities in HCT116 cells. Therefore, this study provided compelling evidence that 14 and 15 could exert their anticancer property via multitarget inhibition at the cellular level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Li Ng
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore , 18 Science Drive 4, 117543, Singapore
| | - Xiang Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Eng-Hui Chew
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore , 18 Science Drive 4, 117543, Singapore
| | - Wai-Keung Chui
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore , 18 Science Drive 4, 117543, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Her S, Jaffray DA, Allen C. Gold nanoparticles for applications in cancer radiotherapy: Mechanisms and recent advancements. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2017; 109:84-101. [PMID: 26712711 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2015.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 456] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2015] [Revised: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have emerged as novel radiosensitizers owing to their high X-ray absorption, synthetic versatility, and unique chemical, electronic and optical properties. Multi-disciplinary research performed over the past decade has demonstrated the potential of AuNP-based radiosensitizers, and identified possible mechanisms underlying the observed radiation enhancement effects of AuNPs. Despite promising findings from pre-clinical studies, the benefits of AuNP radiosensitization have yet to successfully translate into clinical practice. In this review, we present an overview of the current state of AuNP-based radiosensitization in the context of the physical, chemical and biological modes of radiosensitization. As well, recent advancements that focus on formulation design and enable multi-modality treatment and clinical utilization are discussed, concluding with design considerations to guide the development of next generation AuNPs for clinical applications.
Collapse
|
37
|
Abstract
The authors were asked by the Editors of ACS Chemical Biology to write an article titled "Why Nature Chose Selenium" for the occasion of the upcoming bicentennial of the discovery of selenium by the Swedish chemist Jöns Jacob Berzelius in 1817 and styled after the famous work of Frank Westheimer on the biological chemistry of phosphate [Westheimer, F. H. (1987) Why Nature Chose Phosphates, Science 235, 1173-1178]. This work gives a history of the important discoveries of the biological processes that selenium participates in, and a point-by-point comparison of the chemistry of selenium with the atom it replaces in biology, sulfur. This analysis shows that redox chemistry is the largest chemical difference between the two chalcogens. This difference is very large for both one-electron and two-electron redox reactions. Much of this difference is due to the inability of selenium to form π bonds of all types. The outer valence electrons of selenium are also more loosely held than those of sulfur. As a result, selenium is a better nucleophile and will react with reactive oxygen species faster than sulfur, but the resulting lack of π-bond character in the Se-O bond means that the Se-oxide can be much more readily reduced in comparison to S-oxides. The combination of these properties means that replacement of sulfur with selenium in nature results in a selenium-containing biomolecule that resists permanent oxidation. Multiple examples of this gain of function behavior from the literature are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hans J. Reich
- University of Wisconsin—Madison, Department of Chemistry, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Robert J. Hondal
- University of Vermont, Department of Biochemistry, 89 Beaumont Ave, Given Laboratory, Room B413, Burlington, Vermont 05405, United States
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Coumans JVF, Gau D, Poljak A, Wasinger V, Roy P, Moens PDJ. Profilin-1 overexpression in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells is associated with alterations in proteomics biomarkers of cell proliferation, survival, and motility as revealed by global proteomics analyses. OMICS-A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2015; 18:778-91. [PMID: 25454514 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2014.0075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Despite early screening programs and new therapeutic strategies, metastatic breast cancer is still the leading cause of cancer death in women in industrialized countries and regions. There is a need for novel biomarkers of susceptibility, progression, and therapeutic response. Global analyses or systems science approaches with omics technologies offer concrete ways forward in biomarker discovery for breast cancer. Previous studies have shown that expression of profilin-1 (PFN1), a ubiquitously expressed actin-binding protein, is downregulated in invasive and metastatic breast cancer. It has also been reported that PFN1 overexpression can suppress tumorigenic ability and motility/invasiveness of breast cancer cells. To obtain insights into the underlying molecular mechanisms of how elevating PFN1 level induces these phenotypic changes in breast cancer cells, we investigated the alteration in global protein expression profiles of breast cancer cells upon stable overexpression of PFN1 by a combination of three different proteome analysis methods (2-DE, iTRAQ, label-free). Using MDA-MB-231 as a model breast cancer cell line, we provide evidence that PFN1 overexpression is associated with alterations in the expression of proteins that have been functionally linked to cell proliferation (FKPB1A, HDGF, MIF, PRDX1, TXNRD1, LGALS1, STMN1, LASP1, S100A11, S100A6), survival (HSPE1, HSPB1, HSPD1, HSPA5 and PPIA, YWHAZ, CFL1, NME1) and motility (CFL1, CORO1B, PFN2, PLS3, FLNA, FLNB, NME2, ARHGDIB). In view of the pleotropic effects of PFN1 overexpression in breast cancer cells as suggested by these new findings, we propose that PFN1-induced phenotypic changes in cancer cells involve multiple mechanisms. Our data reported here might also offer innovative strategies for identification and validation of novel therapeutic targets and companion diagnostics for persons with, or susceptibility to, breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joëlle V F Coumans
- 1 School of Science and Technology, University of New England , Armidale, NSW, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Cassidy PB, Honeggar M, Poerschke RL, White K, Florell SR, Andtbacka RHI, Tross J, Anderson M, Leachman SA, Moos PJ. The role of thioredoxin reductase 1 in melanoma metabolism and metastasis. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2015; 28:685-95. [PMID: 26184858 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Although significant progress has been made in targeted and immunologic therapeutics for melanoma, many tumors fail to respond, and most eventually progress when treated with the most efficacious targeted combination therapies thus far identified. Therefore, alternative approaches that exploit distinct melanoma phenotypes are necessary to develop new approaches for therapeutic intervention. Tissue microarrays containing human nevi and melanomas were used to evaluate levels of the antioxidant protein thioredoxin reductase 1 (TR1), which was found to increase as a function of disease progression. Melanoma cell lines revealed metabolic differences that correlated with TR1 levels. We used this new insight to design a model treatment strategy that creates a synthetic lethal interaction wherein targeting TR1 sensitizes melanoma to inhibition of glycolytic metabolism, resulting in a decrease in metastases in vivo. This approach holds the promise of a new clinical therapeutic strategy, distinct from oncoprotein inhibition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pamela B Cassidy
- Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OH, USA
| | - Matthew Honeggar
- Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OH, USA
| | - Robyn L Poerschke
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Karen White
- Department of Dermatology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Scott R Florell
- Department of Dermatology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | | | - Joycelyn Tross
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Madeleine Anderson
- Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OH, USA
| | - Sancy A Leachman
- Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OH, USA
| | - Philip J Moos
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Tsuji PA, Carlson BA, Yoo MH, Naranjo-Suarez S, Xu XM, He Y, Asaki E, Seifried HE, Reinhold WC, Davis CD, Gladyshev VN, Hatfield DL. The 15kDa selenoprotein and thioredoxin reductase 1 promote colon cancer by different pathways. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0124487. [PMID: 25886253 PMCID: PMC4401539 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0124487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Selenoproteins mediate much of the cancer-preventive properties of the essential nutrient selenium, but some of these proteins have been shown to also have cancer-promoting effects. We examined the contributions of the 15kDa selenoprotein (Sep15) and thioredoxin reductase 1 (TR1) to cancer development. Targeted down-regulation of either gene inhibited anchorage-dependent and anchorage-independent growth and formation of experimental metastases of mouse colon carcinoma CT26 cells. Surprisingly, combined deficiency of Sep15 and TR1 reversed the anti-cancer effects observed with down-regulation of each single gene. We found that inflammation-related genes regulated by Stat-1, especially interferon-γ-regulated guanylate-binding proteins, were highly elevated in Sep15-deficient, but not in TR1-deficient cells. Interestingly, components of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway were up-regulated in cells lacking both TR1 and Sep15. These results suggest that Sep15 and TR1 participate in interfering regulatory pathways in colon cancer cells. Considering the variable expression levels of Sep15 and TR1 found within the human population, our results provide insights into new roles of selenoproteins in cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Petra A. Tsuji
- Department of Biological Sciences, Towson University, Towson, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail: (PAT)
| | - Bradley A. Carlson
- Molecular Biology of Selenium Section, Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Min-Hyuk Yoo
- Molecular Biology of Selenium Section, Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Salvador Naranjo-Suarez
- Molecular Biology of Selenium Section, Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Xue-Ming Xu
- Molecular Biology of Selenium Section, Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Yiwen He
- Center for Information Technology, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Esther Asaki
- Center for Information Technology, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Harold E. Seifried
- Nutritional Science Research Group, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - William C. Reinhold
- Genomics & Informatics Group, Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Cindy D. Davis
- Office of Dietary Supplements, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Vadim N. Gladyshev
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Dolph L. Hatfield
- Molecular Biology of Selenium Section, Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Chen W, Jiang Z, Lin N, Zheng Z, Chen Z, Zhang X, Guan X. Evaluation of N-acetyl-S-(p-chlorophenylcarbamoyl)cysteine as an irreversible inhibitor of mammalian thioredoxin reductase1. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2015; 31:229-35. [PMID: 25778746 DOI: 10.3109/14756366.2015.1016512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) is up-regulated in a number of human malignant cells and becomes a promising target for anticancer drug development. OBJECTIVE To evaluate N-acetyl-S-(p-chlorophenylcarbamoyl)cysteine (NACC), a potent anticancer agent against melanoma, as an inhibitor of mammalian TrxR1. MATERIAL AND METHODS The mechanism of inhibition against TrxR1 was investigated using substrate protection, dialysis and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. RESULTS NACC inhibits TrxR1 in a time and concentration dependent manner. The K(I) and k(inact) of NACC against TrxR1 were determined to be 80 μM and 0.178 min(-1), respectively. The inhibition occurred only in the presence of NADPH and persisted after extensive dialysis. The tandem mass spectrometric analysis demonstrated that the selenocysteine rather than cysteine residue at the active site was p-chlorophenyl carbamoylated by NACC. Inhibition of intracellular TrxR by NACC in cultured melanoma cells was observed. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION NACC which irreversibly inhibits TrxR1 by forming a covalent bond with selenocysteine can be an effective tool in the study of TrxR1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- a Zhejiang Cancer Research Institute, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Zhejiang Cancer Center , Hangzhou , Zhejiang Province , China .,b Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment Technology on Thoracic Oncology (Lung and Esophagus) , Zhejiang Cancer Hospital , Hangzhou , Zhejiang , China
| | - Zhiming Jiang
- a Zhejiang Cancer Research Institute, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Zhejiang Cancer Center , Hangzhou , Zhejiang Province , China .,b Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment Technology on Thoracic Oncology (Lung and Esophagus) , Zhejiang Cancer Hospital , Hangzhou , Zhejiang , China
| | - Nengming Lin
- c Institute for Individualized Medicine, Hangzhou First People's Hospital , Hangzhou , Zhejiang , China
| | - Zhiguo Zheng
- a Zhejiang Cancer Research Institute, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Zhejiang Cancer Center , Hangzhou , Zhejiang Province , China .,b Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment Technology on Thoracic Oncology (Lung and Esophagus) , Zhejiang Cancer Hospital , Hangzhou , Zhejiang , China
| | - Zhongjian Chen
- a Zhejiang Cancer Research Institute, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Zhejiang Cancer Center , Hangzhou , Zhejiang Province , China
| | - Xiaoying Zhang
- d ACEA Bio Co., Ltd. , Hangzhou , Zhejiang Province , China , and
| | - Xiangming Guan
- e Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , South Dakota State University , Brookings , SD , USA
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Zhang B, Duan D, Ge C, Yao J, Liu Y, Li X, Fang J. Synthesis of Xanthohumol Analogues and Discovery of Potent Thioredoxin Reductase Inhibitor as Potential Anticancer Agent. J Med Chem 2015; 58:1795-805. [DOI: 10.1021/jm5016507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Baoxin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied
Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Dongzhu Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Applied
Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Chunpo Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Applied
Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Juan Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied
Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yaping Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied
Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xinming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Applied
Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jianguo Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied
Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Sun HJ, Rathinasabapathi B, Wu B, Luo J, Pu LP, Ma LQ. Arsenic and selenium toxicity and their interactive effects in humans. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2014; 69:148-58. [PMID: 24853282 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2014.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Revised: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) and selenium (Se) are unusual metalloids as they both induce and cure cancer. They both cause carcinogenesis, pathology, cytotoxicity, and genotoxicity in humans, with reactive oxygen species playing an important role. While As induces adverse effects by decreasing DNA methylation and affecting protein 53 expression, Se induces adverse effects by modifying thioredoxin reductase. However, they can react with glutathione and S-adenosylmethionine by forming an As-Se complex, which can be secreted extracellularly. We hypothesize that there are two types of interactions between As and Se. At low concentration, Se can decrease As toxicity via excretion of As-Se compound [(GS3)2AsSe](-), but at high concentration, excessive Se can enhance As toxicity by reacting with S-adenosylmethionine and glutathione, and modifying the structure and activity of arsenite methyltransferase. This review is to summarize their toxicity mechanisms and the interaction between As and Se toxicity, and to provide suggestions for future investigations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Jie Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210046, China
| | - Bala Rathinasabapathi
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States
| | - Bing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210046, China
| | - Jun Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210046, China
| | - Li-Ping Pu
- Suzhou Health College, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, China
| | - Lena Q Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210046, China; Soil and Water Science Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Sec-containing TrxR1 is essential for self-sufficiency of cells by control of glucose-derived H2O2. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1235. [PMID: 24853413 PMCID: PMC4047868 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Revised: 04/05/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
It is commonly recognized that diabetic complications involve increased oxidative stress directly triggered by hyperglycemia. The most important cellular protective systems against such oxidative stress have yet remained unclear. Here we show that the selenoprotein thioredoxin reductase 1 (TrxR1), encoded by the Txnrd1 gene, is an essential enzyme for such protection. Individually grown Txnrd1 knockout (Txnrd1−/−) mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) underwent massive cell death directly linked to glucose-induced H2O2 production. This death and excessive H2O2 levels could be reverted by reconstituted expression of selenocysteine (Sec)-containing TrxR1, but not by expression of Sec-devoid variants of the enzyme. Our results show that Sec-containing TrxR1 is absolutely required for self-sufficient growth of MEFs under high-glucose conditions, owing to an essential importance of this enzyme for elimination of glucose-derived H2O2. To our knowledge, this is the first time a strict Sec-dependent function of TrxR1 has been identified as being essential for mammalian cells.
Collapse
|
45
|
Sengupta R, Holmgren A. Thioredoxin and glutaredoxin-mediated redox regulation of ribonucleotide reductase. World J Biol Chem 2014; 5:68-74. [PMID: 24600515 PMCID: PMC3942543 DOI: 10.4331/wjbc.v5.i1.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Revised: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Ribonucleotide reductase (RNR), the rate-limiting enzyme in DNA synthesis, catalyzes reduction of the different ribonucleotides to their corresponding deoxyribonucleotides. The crucial role of RNR in DNA synthesis has made it an important target for the development of antiviral and anticancer drugs. Taking account of the recent developments in this field of research, this review focuses on the role of thioredoxin and glutaredoxin systems in the redox reactions of the RNR catalysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rajib Sengupta
- Rajib Sengupta, Arne Holmgren, Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Arne Holmgren
- Rajib Sengupta, Arne Holmgren, Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Cunniff B, Snider GW, Fredette N, Stumpff J, Hondal RJ, Heintz NH. Resolution of oxidative stress by thioredoxin reductase: Cysteine versus selenocysteine. Redox Biol 2014; 2:475-84. [PMID: 24624337 PMCID: PMC3949094 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2014.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2013] [Revised: 01/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Thioredoxin reductase (TR) catalyzes the reduction of thioredoxin (TRX), which in turn reduces mammalian typical 2-Cys peroxiredoxins (PRXs 1-4), thiol peroxidases implicated in redox homeostasis and cell signaling. Typical 2-Cys PRXs are inactivated by hyperoxidation of the peroxidatic cysteine to cysteine-sulfinic acid, and regenerated in a two-step process involving retro-reduction by sulfiredoxin (SRX) and reduction by TRX. Here transient exposure to menadione and glucose oxidase was used to examine the dynamics of oxidative inactivation and reactivation of PRXs in mouse C10 cells expressing various isoforms of TR, including wild type cytoplasmic TR1 (Sec-TR1) and mitochondrial TR2 (Sec-TR2) that encode selenocysteine, as well as mutants of TR1 and TR2 in which the selenocysteine codon was changed to encode cysteine (Cys-TR1 or Cys-TR2). In C10 cells endogenous TR activity was insensitive to levels of hydrogen peroxide that hyperoxidize PRXs. Expression of Sec-TR1 increased TR activity, reduced the basal cytoplasmic redox state, and increased the rate of reduction of a redox-responsive cytoplasmic GFP probe (roGFP), but did not influence either the rate of inactivation or the rate of retro-reduction of PRXs. In comparison to roGFP, which was reduced within minutes once oxidants were removed reduction of 2-Cys PRXs occurred over many hours. Expression of wild type Sec-TR1 or Sec-TR2, but not Cys-TR1 or TR2, increased the rate of reduction of PRXs and improved cell survival after menadione exposure. These results indicate that expression levels of TR do not reduce the severity of initial oxidative insults, but rather govern the rate of reduction of cellular factors required for cell viability. Because Sec-TR is completely insensitive to cytotoxic levels of hydrogen peroxide, we suggest TR functions at the top of a redox pyramid that governs the oxidation state of peroxiredoxins and other protein factors, thereby dictating a hierarchy of phenotypic responses to oxidative insults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brian Cunniff
- Department of Pathology, University of Vermont College of Medicine, 149 Beaumont Avenue, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
- Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Gregg W. Snider
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Nicholas Fredette
- Department of Pathology, University of Vermont College of Medicine, 149 Beaumont Avenue, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Jason Stumpff
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
- Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Robert J. Hondal
- Department of Pathology, University of Vermont College of Medicine, 149 Beaumont Avenue, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Nicholas H. Heintz
- Department of Pathology, University of Vermont College of Medicine, 149 Beaumont Avenue, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
- Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Abstract
The potential of flavoproteins as targets of pharmacological treatments is immense. In this review we present an overview of the current research progress on medical interventions based on flavoproteins with a special emphasis on cancer, infectious diseases, and neurological disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Esther Jortzik
- Interdisciplinary Research Center, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Gan FF, Kaminska KK, Yang H, Liew CY, Leow PC, So CL, Tu LNL, Roy A, Yap CW, Kang TS, Chui WK, Chew EH. Identification of Michael acceptor-centric pharmacophores with substituents that yield strong thioredoxin reductase inhibitory character correlated to antiproliferative activity. Antioxid Redox Signal 2013; 19:1149-65. [PMID: 23311917 PMCID: PMC3786391 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2012.4909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The role of thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) in tumorigenesis has made it an attractive anticancer target. A systematic approach for development of novel compounds as TrxR inhibitors is currently lacking. Structurally diversified TrxR inhibitors share in common electrophilic propensities for the sulfhydryl groups, among which include the Michael reaction acceptors containing an α,β-unsaturated carbonyl moiety. We aimed to identify features among structurally diversified Michael acceptor-based compounds that would yield a strong TrxR inhibitory character. RESULTS Structurally dissimilar Michael acceptor-based natural compounds such as isobutylamides, zerumbone, and shogaols (SGs) were found to possess a poor TrxR inhibitory activity, indicating that a sole Michael acceptor moiety was insufficient to produce TrxR inhibition. The 1,7-diphenyl-hept-3-en-5-one pharmacophore in 3-phenyl-3-SG, a novel SG analog that possessed comparable TrxR inhibitory and antiproliferative potencies as 6-SG, was modified to yield 1,5-diphenyl-pent-1-en-3-one (DPPen) and 1,3-diphenyl-pro-1-en-3-one (DPPro, also known as chalcone) pharmacophores. These Michael acceptor-centric pharmacophores, when substituted with the hydroxyl and fluorine groups, gave rise to analogs displaying a TrxR inhibitory character positively correlated to their antiproliferative potencies. Lead analogs 2,2'-diOH-5,5'-diF-DPPen and 2-OH-5-F-DPPro yielded a half-maximal TrxR inhibitory concentration of 9.1 and 10.5 μM, respectively, after 1-h incubation with recombinant rat TrxR, with the C-terminal selenocysteine residue found to be targeted. INNOVATION Identification of Michael acceptor-centric pharmacophores among diversified compounds demonstrates that a systematic approach to discover and develop Michael acceptor-based TrxR inhibitors is feasible. CONCLUSION A strong TrxR inhibitory character correlated to the antiproliferative potency is attributed to structural features that include an α,β-unsaturated carbonyl moiety centered in a DPPen or DPPro pharmacophore bearing hydroxyl and fluorine substitutions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fei-Fei Gan
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore , Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Mahmood DFD, Abderrazak A, El Hadri K, Simmet T, Rouis M. The thioredoxin system as a therapeutic target in human health and disease. Antioxid Redox Signal 2013; 19:1266-303. [PMID: 23244617 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2012.4757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The thioredoxin (Trx) system comprises Trx, truncated Trx (Trx-80), Trx reductase, and NADPH, besides a natural Trx inhibitor, the thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP). This system is essential for maintaining the balance of the cellular redox status, and it is involved in the regulation of redox signaling. It is also pivotal for growth promotion, neuroprotection, inflammatory modulation, antiapoptosis, immune function, and atherosclerosis. As an ubiquitous and multifunctional protein, Trx is expressed in all forms of life, executing its function through its antioxidative, protein-reducing, and signal-transducing activities. In this review, the biological properties of the Trx system are highlighted, and its implications in several human diseases are discussed, including cardiovascular diseases, heart failure, stroke, inflammation, metabolic syndrome, neurodegenerative diseases, arthritis, and cancer. The last chapter addresses the emerging therapeutic approaches targeting the Trx system in human diseases.
Collapse
|
50
|
Policastro LL, Ibañez IL, Notcovich C, Duran HA, Podhajcer OL. The tumor microenvironment: characterization, redox considerations, and novel approaches for reactive oxygen species-targeted gene therapy. Antioxid Redox Signal 2013; 19:854-95. [PMID: 22794113 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2011.4367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment is a complex system that involves the interaction between malignant and neighbor stromal cells embedded in a mesh of extracellular matrix (ECM) components. Stromal cells (fibroblasts, endothelial, and inflammatory cells) are co-opted at different stages to help malignant cells invade the surrounding ECM and disseminate. Malignant cells have developed adaptive mechanisms to survive under the extreme conditions of the tumor microenvironment such as restricted oxygen supply (hypoxia), nutrient deprivation, and a prooxidant state among others. These conditions could be eventually used to target drugs that will be activated specifically in this microenvironment. Preclinical studies have shown that modulating cellular/tissue redox state by different gene therapy (GT) approaches was able to control tumor growth. In this review, we describe the most relevant features of the tumor microenvironment, addressing reactive oxygen species-generating sources that promote a prooxidative microenvironment inside the tumor mass. We describe different GT approaches that promote either a decreased or exacerbated prooxidative microenvironment, and those that make use of the differential levels of ROS between cancer and normal cells to achieve tumor growth inhibition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Laura Policastro
- Department of Micro and Nanotechnology, National Atomic Energy Commission, Buenos Aires 1650, Argentina.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|