1
|
Kargl CK, Jia Z, Shera DA, Sullivan BP, Burton LC, Kim KH, Nie Y, Hubal MJ, Shannahan JH, Kuang S, Gavin TP. Angiogenic potential of skeletal muscle derived extracellular vesicles differs between oxidative and glycolytic muscle tissue in mice. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18943. [PMID: 37919323 PMCID: PMC10622454 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45787-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle fibers regulate surrounding endothelial cells (EC) via secretion of numerous angiogenic factors, including extracellular vesicles (SkM-EV). Muscle fibers are broadly classified as oxidative (OXI) or glycolytic (GLY) depending on their metabolic characteristics. OXI fibers secrete more pro-angiogenic factors and have greater capillary densities than GLY fibers. OXI muscle secretes more EV than GLY, however it is unknown whether muscle metabolic characteristics regulate EV contents and signaling potential. EVs were isolated from primarily oxidative or glycolytic muscle tissue from mice. MicroRNA (miR) contents were determined and endothelial cells were treated with OXI- and GLY-EV to investigate angiogenic signaling potential. There were considerable differences in miR contents between OXI- and GLY-EV and pathway analysis identified that OXI-EV miR were predicted to positively regulate multiple endothelial-specific pathways, compared to GLY-EV. OXI-EV improved in vitro angiogenesis, which may have been mediated through nitric oxide synthase (NOS) related pathways, as treatment of endothelial cells with a non-selective NOS inhibitor abolished the angiogenic benefits of OXI-EV. This is the first report to show widespread differences in miR contents between SkM-EV isolated from metabolically different muscle tissue and the first to demonstrate that oxidative muscle tissue secretes EV with greater angiogenic signaling potential than glycolytic muscle tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher K Kargl
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Max E. Wastl Human Performance Laboratory, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Zhihao Jia
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Deborah A Shera
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Brian P Sullivan
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Max E. Wastl Human Performance Laboratory, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Lundon C Burton
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Max E. Wastl Human Performance Laboratory, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Kun Ho Kim
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Yaohui Nie
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Max E. Wastl Human Performance Laboratory, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Monica J Hubal
- Department of Kinesiology, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | | | - Shihuan Kuang
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Timothy P Gavin
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Max E. Wastl Human Performance Laboratory, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Miyoshi M, Usami M, Nishiyama Y, Kai M, Suzuki A, Maeshige N, Yamaguchi A, Ma X, Shinohara M. Soleus muscle contains a higher concentration of lipid metabolites than extensor digitorum longus in rats with lipopolysaccharide-induced acute muscle atrophy. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2023; 57:48-57. [PMID: 37739695 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2023.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Muscle atrophy is one of the most important and frequent problems for critically ill patients. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of lipid mediators on acute muscle atrophy. Skeletal muscle fiber-specific analysis of lipid mediators in endotoxemic rats was therefore performed. METHODS Male Wistar rats were intraperitoneally injected with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Slow-twitch soleus muscle and fast-twitch extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle were harvested 0, 6, and 24 h after LPS injection. Lipid mediators were profiled using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, and free fatty acid (FFA) concentrations were measured using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Muscles were weighed and their cross-sectional areas were evaluated. Expression levels of mRNAs encoding inflammatory cytokines, autophagy-related transcription factors, and members of the ubiquitin-proteasome system were measured using real-time PCR. RESULTS Before LPS injection, the concentrations of all FFAs, including arachidonic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid, and all measured lipid mediators were higher in soleus muscle than in EDL muscle, especially those of pro-inflammatory prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and leukotriene B4. LPS injection, increased PGE2 and D2 and decreased FFAs in soleus muscle but did not change in EDL muscle. The concentrations of specialized pro-resolving mediators E-series hydroxy-eicosapentaenoic acid and D-series hydroxy-docosahexaenoic acid were higher in soleus muscle. Muscle cross-sectional area decreased and the expression level of atrogin-1 was upregulated in EDL muscle, but both were unchanged in soleus muscle. After LPS injection, a discrepancy involving an increased PGE2 concentration and decreased muscle atrophy was identified in this acute muscle atrophy model of critical illness. CONCLUSION Concentrations of FFAs and lipid mediators were higher in soleus muscle than in EDL muscle, and LPS injection rapidly increased concentrations of pro-inflammatory lipid mediators. However, muscle atrophy with upregulation of autophagy-related transcription factors was observed in EDL muscle but not in soleus muscle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Miyoshi
- Division of Nutrition and Metabolism, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe, Japan.
| | - Makoto Usami
- Division of Nutrition and Metabolism, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe, Japan; Faculty of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Konan Women's University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yuya Nishiyama
- Division of Nutrition and Metabolism, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe, Japan
| | - Motoki Kai
- Division of Nutrition and Metabolism, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe, Japan
| | - Ayumi Suzuki
- Division of Nutrition and Metabolism, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe, Japan
| | - Noriaki Maeshige
- Division of Nutrition and Metabolism, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe, Japan
| | - Atomu Yamaguchi
- Division of Nutrition and Metabolism, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe, Japan
| | - Xiaoqi Ma
- Division of Nutrition and Metabolism, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe, Japan
| | - Masakazu Shinohara
- The Integrated Center for Mass Spectrometry, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan; Division of Epidemiology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Figueira ACC, Pereira A, Leitão L, Ferreira R, Oliveira PA, Duarte JA. Effects of Moderate Exercise Training on Cancer-Induced Muscle Wasting. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:2652. [PMID: 37830689 PMCID: PMC10572373 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11192652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Muscle wasting is a common phenomenon in oncology and seems to be attenuated by exercise training. The aim of this study is to determine the degree of aggressiveness of cancer-induced muscle wasting in two different phenotypic muscles. It will also determine whether exercise training can attenuate this muscle dysfunction. METHODS Fifty Sprague Dawley rats were randomly assigned to four experimental groups: two breast cancer model groups (sedentary and exercise) and two control groups (sedentary and exercise). Breast cancer was induced by 1-methyl-1-nitrosoureia (MNU). After 35 weeks of endurance training, animals were sacrificed, and gastrocnemius and soleus muscles harvested for morphometric analysis. RESULTS In sedentary tumor-bearing animals, a significant reduction in cross-sectional area was found in both muscles (p < 0.05). Interstitial fibrosis was significantly higher in the gastrocnemius muscle of the sedentary tumor-bearing animals (p < 0.05), but not in the soleus muscle. In the gastrocnemius of sedentary tumor-bearing animals, a shift from large to small fibers was observed. This cancer-related muscle dysfunction was prevented by long-term exercise training. CONCLUSIONS In sedentary animals with tumors, the gastrocnemius muscle showed a very pronounced reduction in cross-sectional area and a marked degree of interstitial fibrosis. There was no difference in collagen deposition between tumor groups, and the soleus muscle showed a less pronounced but significant reduction in cross-sectional area. These contrasting results confirm that cancer-induced muscle wasting can affect specific types of fibers and specific muscles, namely fast glycolytic muscles, and that exercise training can be used to improve it.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cristina Corrêa Figueira
- Sciences and Technology Department, Superior School of Education of Polytechnic Institute of Setubal, 2910-761 Setúbal, Portugal; (A.P.); (L.L.)
- Life Quality Research Center (CIEQV), 2400-901 Leiria, Portugal
| | - Ana Pereira
- Sciences and Technology Department, Superior School of Education of Polytechnic Institute of Setubal, 2910-761 Setúbal, Portugal; (A.P.); (L.L.)
- Life Quality Research Center (CIEQV), 2400-901 Leiria, Portugal
| | - Luís Leitão
- Sciences and Technology Department, Superior School of Education of Polytechnic Institute of Setubal, 2910-761 Setúbal, Portugal; (A.P.); (L.L.)
- Life Quality Research Center (CIEQV), 2400-901 Leiria, Portugal
| | - Rita Ferreira
- Laboratory for Green Chemistry and Technology (LAQV) of the Network of Chemistry and Technology (REQUIMTE), Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
| | - Paula A. Oliveira
- Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5001-081 Vila Real, Portugal;
| | - José Alberto Duarte
- Research Center in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal;
- One Health Toxicology Research Unit (1H-TOXRUN), University Institute of Health Sciences, Campus of Gandra, 1317-116 Gandra, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Noren SR. Building Cetacean Locomotor Muscles throughout Ontogeny to Support High-Performance Swimming into Adulthood. Integr Comp Biol 2023; 63:785-795. [PMID: 36990644 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icad011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The demands on the locomotor muscles at birth are different for cetaceans than terrestrial mammals. Cetacean muscles do not need to support postural costs as the neonate transitions from the womb because water's buoyant force supports body weight. Rather, neonatal cetacean muscles must sustain locomotion under hypoxic conditions as the neonate accompanies its mother swimming underwater. Despite disparate demands at birth, cetaceans like terrestrial mammals require postnatal development to attain mature musculature. Neonatal cetaceans have a low proportion of muscle mass, and their locomotor muscles have lower mitochondrial density, myoglobin content (Mb), and buffering capacity than those found in the adult locomotor muscle. For example, the locomotor muscle of the neonatal bottlenose dolphin has only 10 and 65% of the Mb and buffering capacity, respectively, found in the adult locomotor muscle. The maturation period required to achieve mature Mb and buffering capacity in the locomotor muscle varies across cetacean species from 0.75 to 4 and 1.17 to 3.4 years, respectively. The truncated nursing interval of harbor porpoises and sub-ice travel of beluga whales may be drivers for faster muscle maturation in these species. Despite these postnatal changes in the locomotor muscle, ontogenetic changes in locomotor muscle fiber type seem to be rare in cetaceans. Regardless, the underdeveloped aerobic and anaerobic capacities of the locomotor muscle of immature dolphins result in diminished thrusting capability and swim performance. Size-specific stroke amplitudes (23-26% of body length) of 0-3-month-old dolphins are significantly smaller than those of >10-month-olds (29-30% of body length), and 0-1-month-olds only achieve 37 and 52% of the mean and maximum swim speed of adults, respectively. Until swim performance improves with muscle maturation, young cetaceans are precluded from achieving their pod's swim speeds, which could have demographic consequences when fleeing anthropogenic disturbances.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S R Noren
- Institute of Marine Sciences, University of California Santa Cruz Center for Ocean Health, 115 McAllister Way, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sánchez-Delgado JC, Cohen DD, Camacho-López PA, Carreño-Robayo J, Castañeda-Hernández A, García-González D, Martínez-Bello D, Aroca-Martinez G, Parati G, Lopez-Jaramillo P. Handgrip Strength Is Associated with Specific Aspects of Vascular Function in Individuals with Metabolic Syndrome. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2435. [PMID: 37760876 PMCID: PMC10525985 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11092435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a disorder associated with an increased risk for the development of diabetes mellitus and its complications. Lower isometric handgrip strength (HGS) is associated with an increased risk of cardiometabolic diseases. However, the association between HGS and arterial stiffness parameters, which are considered the predictors of morbidity and mortality in individuals with MetS, is not well defined. OBJECTIVE To determine the association between HGS and HGS asymmetry on components of vascular function in adults with MetS. METHODS We measured handgrip strength normalized to bodyweight (HGS/kg), HGS asymmetry, body composition, blood glucose, lipid profile, blood pressure, pulse wave velocity (PWV), reflection coefficient (RC), augmentation index @75 bpm (AIx@75) and peripheral vascular resistance (PVR) in 55 adults with a diagnosis of MetS between 25 and 54 years old. RESULTS Mean age was 43.1 ± 7.0 years, 56.3% were females. HGS/kg was negatively correlated with AIx@75 (r = -0.440), p < 0.05, but these associations were not significant after adjusting for age and sex. However, when interaction effects between sex, HGS/kg and age were examined, we observed an inverse relationship between HGS/kg and AIx@75 in the older adults in the sample, whereas in the younger adults, a weak direct association was found. We also found a significant association between HGS asymmetry and PVR (beta = 30, 95% CI = 7.02; 54.2; p <0.012). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that in people with MetS, maintaining muscle strength may have an increasingly important role in older age in the attenuation of age-related increases in AIx@75-a marker of vascular stiffness-and that a higher HGS asymmetry could be associated with a greater vascular resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos Sánchez-Delgado
- Universidad de Santander, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas y de la Salud, Bucaramanga 680003, Colombia; (D.D.C.); (J.C.-R.); (A.C.-H.); (D.M.-B.)
- Grupo de Investigación Ser Cultura y Movimiento, Universidad Santo Tomás-Bucaramanga, Santander 680001, Colombia;
| | - Daniel D. Cohen
- Universidad de Santander, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas y de la Salud, Bucaramanga 680003, Colombia; (D.D.C.); (J.C.-R.); (A.C.-H.); (D.M.-B.)
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Education and Health Sciences, University of Limerick, V94T9PX Limerick, Ireland
| | | | - Javier Carreño-Robayo
- Universidad de Santander, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas y de la Salud, Bucaramanga 680003, Colombia; (D.D.C.); (J.C.-R.); (A.C.-H.); (D.M.-B.)
| | - Alvaro Castañeda-Hernández
- Universidad de Santander, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas y de la Salud, Bucaramanga 680003, Colombia; (D.D.C.); (J.C.-R.); (A.C.-H.); (D.M.-B.)
| | - Daniel García-González
- Grupo de Investigación Ser Cultura y Movimiento, Universidad Santo Tomás-Bucaramanga, Santander 680001, Colombia;
| | - Daniel Martínez-Bello
- Universidad de Santander, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas y de la Salud, Bucaramanga 680003, Colombia; (D.D.C.); (J.C.-R.); (A.C.-H.); (D.M.-B.)
| | - Gustavo Aroca-Martinez
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Barranquilla 080002, Colombia;
| | - Gianfranco Parati
- Istituto Auxologico Italuano & University of Milano-Bicocca, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Piazza Brescia, 20149 Milan, Italy
| | - Patricio Lopez-Jaramillo
- Universidad de Santander, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas y de la Salud, Bucaramanga 680003, Colombia; (D.D.C.); (J.C.-R.); (A.C.-H.); (D.M.-B.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Esteves M, Duarte M, Oliveira PA, Gil da Costa RM, Monteiro MP, Duarte JA. SKELETAL MUSCLE SENSITIVITY TO WASTING INDUCED BY UROTHELIAL CARCINOMA. Exp Oncol 2023; 45:107-119. [PMID: 37417276 DOI: 10.15407/exp-oncology.2023.01.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skeletal muscle wasting is a common phenotypic feature of several types of cancer, and it is associated with functional impairment, respiratory complications, and fatigue. However, equivocal evidence remains regarding the impact of cancer-induced muscle wasting on the different fiber types. AIM The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of urothelial carcinoma induced in mice on the histomorphometric features and collagen deposition in different skeletal muscles. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirteen ICR (CD1) male mice were randomly assigned into two groups: exposed to 0.05% N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl) nitrosamine (BBN) in drinking water for 12 weeks, plus 8 weeks of tap water (BBN, n = 8) or with access to tap water for 20 weeks (CONT, n = 5). Tibialis anterior, soleus, and diaphragm muscles were collected from all animals. For cross-sectional area and myonuclear domain analysis, muscle sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, and for collagen deposition assessment, muscle sections were stained with picrosirius red. RESULTS All animals from the BBN group developed urothelial preneoplastic and neoplastic lesions, and the tibialis anterior from these animals presented a reduced cross-sectional area (p < 0.001), with a decreased proportion of fibers with a higher cross-sectional area, increased collagen deposition (p = 0.017), and higher myonuclear domain (p = 0.031). BBN mice also showed a higher myonuclear domain in the diaphragm (p = 0.015). CONCLUSION Urothelial carcinoma induced muscle wasting of the tibialis anterior, expressed by a decreased cross-sectional area, higher infiltration of fibrotic tissue, and increased myonuclear domain, which also increased in the diaphragm, suggesting that fast glycolytic muscle fibers are more susceptible to be affected by cancer development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Esteves
- FP-I3ID, FP-BHS, Escola Superior de Saúde Fernando Pessoa, Porto 4200-450, Portugal
- Research Center in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
| | - M Duarte
- Research Center in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
| | - P A Oliveira
- Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-food Production (Inov4Agro), Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB): Clinical Academic Centre, Vila Real, Portugal
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - R M Gil da Costa
- Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-food Production (Inov4Agro), Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB): Clinical Academic Centre, Vila Real, Portugal
- Postgraduate Programme in Adult Health (PPGSAD), Federal University of Maranhão (UFMA), São Luís, Brazil
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering (ALiCE), Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - M P Monteiro
- UMIB - Unidade Multidisciplinar de Investigação Biomédica, ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- ITR - Laboratory of Integrative and Translocation Research in Population Health, Porto, Portugal
| | - J A Duarte
- TOXRUN - Toxicology Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences, CESPU, CRL, Gandra, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
González-Hedström D, Moreno-Rupérez Á, de la Fuente-Fernández M, de la Fuente-Muñoz M, Román-Carmena M, Amor S, García-Villalón ÁL, López-Calderón A, Isabel Martín A, Priego T, Granado M. A Nutraceutical Product Based on a Mixture of Algae and Extra Virgin Olive Oils and Olive Leaf Extract Attenuates Sepsis-Induced Cardiovascular and Muscle Alterations in Rats. Front Nutr 2022; 9:918841. [PMID: 35795581 PMCID: PMC9252429 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.918841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutraceuticals are products of natural origin widely used for the treatment and/or prevention of some chronic diseases that are highly prevalent in Western countries, such as obesity or type II diabetes, among others. However, its possible use in the prevention of acute diseases that can put life at risk has been poorly studied. Sepsis is an acute condition that causes cardiovascular and skeletal muscle damage due to a systemic inflammatory state. The aim of this work was to evaluate the possible beneficial effect of a new nutraceutical based on a mixture of algae oil (AO) and extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) supplemented with an olive leaf extract (OLE) in the prevention of cardiovascular alterations and skeletal muscle disorders induced by sepsis in rats. For this purpose, male Wistar rats were treated with the nutraceutical or with water p.o. for 3 weeks and after the treatment they were injected with 1mg/kg LPS twice (12 and 4 h before sacrifice). Pretreatment with the nutraceutical prevented the LPS-induced decrease in cardiac contractility before and after the hearts were subjected to ischemia-reperfusion. At the vascular level, supplementation with the nutraceutical did not prevent hypotension in septic animals, but it attenuated endothelial dysfunction and the increased response of aortic rings to the vasoconstrictors norepinephrine and angiotensin-II induced by LPS. The beneficial effects on cardiovascular function were associated with an increased expression of the antioxidant enzymes SOD-1 and GSR in cardiac tissue and SOD-1 and Alox-5 in arterial tissue. In skeletal muscle, nutraceutical pretreatment prevented LPS-induced muscle proteolysis and autophagy and significantly increased protein synthesis as demonstrated by decreased expression of MURF-1, atrogin-1, LC3b and increased MCH-I and MCH -IIa in gastrocnemius muscle. These effects were associated with a decrease in the expression of TNFα, HDAC4 and myogenin. In conclusion, treatment with a new nutraceutical based on a mixture of AO and EVOO supplemented with OLE is useful to prevent cardiovascular and muscular changes induced by sepsis in rats. Thus, supplementation with this nutraceutical may constitute an interesting strategy to reduce the severity and mortality risk in septic patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel González-Hedström
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- R&D Department, Pharmactive Biotech Products S.L.U., Alcobendas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Álvaro Moreno-Rupérez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Marta Román-Carmena
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Amor
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Asunción López-Calderón
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Isabel Martín
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Teresa Priego
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miriam Granado
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Miriam Granado,
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Dave DT, Patel BM. Mitochondrial Metabolism in Cancer Cachexia: Novel Drug Target. Curr Drug Metab 2020; 20:1141-1153. [PMID: 31418657 DOI: 10.2174/1389200220666190816162658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer cachexia is a metabolic syndrome prevalent in the majority of the advanced cancers and is associated with complications such as anorexia, early satiety, weakness, anaemia, and edema, thereby reducing performance and impairing quality of life. Skeletal muscle wasting is a characteristic feature of cancer-cachexia and mitochondria is responsible for regulating total protein turnover in skeletal muscle tissue. METHODS We carried out exhaustive search for cancer cachexia and role of mitochondria in the same in various databases. All the relevant articles were gathered and the pertinent information was extracted out and compiled which was further structured into different sub-sections. RESULTS Various findings on the mitochondrial alterations in connection to its disturbed normal physiology in various models of cancer-cachexia have been recently reported, suggesting a significant role of the organelle in the pathogenesis of the complications involved in the disorder. It has also been reported that reduced mitochondrial oxidative capacity is due to reduced mitochondrial biogenesis as well as altered balance between fusion and fission protein activities. Moreover, autophagy in mitochondria (termed as mitophagy) is reported to play an important role in cancer cachexia. CONCLUSION The present review aims to put forth the changes occurring in mitochondria and hence explore possible targets which can be exploited in cancer-induced cachexia for treatment of such a debilitating condition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dhwani T Dave
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Sarkhej-Gandhinagar Highway, Ahmedabad 382481, Gujarat, India
| | - Bhoomika M Patel
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Sarkhej-Gandhinagar Highway, Ahmedabad 382481, Gujarat, India
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Yan Z, Spaulding HR. Extracellular superoxide dismutase, a molecular transducer of health benefits of exercise. Redox Biol 2020; 32:101508. [PMID: 32220789 PMCID: PMC7109453 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular superoxide dismutase (EcSOD) is the only extracellular scavenger of superoxide anion (O2.-) with unique binding capacity to cell surface and extracellular matrix through its heparin-binding domain. Enhanced EcSOD activity prevents oxidative stress and damage, which are fundamental in a variety of disease pathologies. In this review we will discuss the findings in humans and animal studies supporting the benefits of EcSOD induced by exercise training in reducing oxidative stress in various tissues. In particularly, we will highlight the importance of skeletal muscle EcSOD, which is induced by endurance exercise and redistributed through the circulation to the peripheral tissues, as a molecular transducer of exercise training to confer protection against oxidative stress and damage in various disease conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Yan
- Center for Skeletal Muscle Research at Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA; Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA.
| | - Hannah R Spaulding
- Center for Skeletal Muscle Research at Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Redox Status and Muscle Pathology in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Insights from Various Rat Hindlimb Muscles. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:2484678. [PMID: 31049128 PMCID: PMC6458950 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2484678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Due to atrophy, muscle weakness is a common occurrence in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The majority of human studies are conducted on the vastus lateralis muscle—a muscle with mixed fiber type—but little comparative data between multiple muscles in either rodent or human models are available. The current study therefore assessed both muscle ultrastructure and selected redox indicators across various muscles in a model of collagen-induced rheumatoid arthritis in female Sprague-Dawley rats. Only three muscles, the gastrocnemius, extensor digitorum longus (EDL), and soleus, had lower muscle mass (38%, 27%, and 25% loss of muscle mass, respectively; all at least P < 0.01), while the vastus lateralis muscle mass was increased by 35% (P < 0.01) in RA animals when compared to non-RA controls. However, all four muscles exhibited signs of deterioration indicative of rheumatoid cachexia. Cross-sectional area was similarly reduced in gastrocnemius, EDL, and soleus (60%, 58%, and 64%, respectively; all P < 0.001), but vastus lateralis (22% smaller, P < 0.05) was less affected, while collagen deposition was significantly increased in muscles. This pathology was associated with significant increases in tissue levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in all muscles except the vastus lateralis, while only the gastrocnemius had significantly increased levels of lipid peroxidation (TBARS) and antioxidant activity (FRAP). Current data illustrates the differential responses of different skeletal muscles of the hindlimb to a chronic inflammatory challenge both in terms of redox changes and resistance to cachexia.
Collapse
|
11
|
Cai M, Wang Q, Liu Z, Jia D, Feng R, Tian Z. Effects of different types of exercise on skeletal muscle atrophy, antioxidant capacity and growth factors expression following myocardial infarction. Life Sci 2018; 213:40-49. [PMID: 30312703 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Myocardial infarction (MI) is accompanied with skeletal muscle abnormalities. The aims are to explore an optimal exercise mode to improve cardiac function and prevent skeletal muscle atrophy, and detect the possible mechanisms of exercise-induced inhibition of muscle atrophy. MAIN METHODS Rats were subjected to four weeks of different types of exercise after MI surgery (resistance training, RT; moderated-intensity continuous aerobic exercise, MCE and high-intensity intermittent aerobic exercise, HIA). Cardiac function, histological changes of heart and skeletal muscle, oxidative stress, antioxidant capacity and the expression of muscle atrophy-related factors were detected in skeletal muscle. KEY FINDINGS The three types of exercise improved heart function, reduced cardiac fibrosis and increased muscle weight and cross-section area (CSA) of muscle fibers in different degrees. The survival rates of MI rats intervened by RT and MCE were higher than HIA. Exercise down-regulated the mRNA levels of murf1 and atrogin-1, decreased reactive oxygen species level, increased antioxidant capacity, regulated the expression of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1), mechano growth factor (MGF), Neuregulin1 (NRG1) and Myostatin (MSTN), and activated Akt and Erk1/2 signalings in soleus muscle. Furthermore, CSA of muscle fibers and the expression of IGF1, MGF, NRG1 in skeletal muscle had correlations with cardiac function. SIGNIFICANCE RT and MCE are the first two choices for the early exercise rehabilitation following MI. All types of exercise can effectively inhibit skeletal muscle atrophy through increasing the antioxidant capacity, reducing oxidative stress and protein degradation, and regulating the growth factors expression in skeletal muscle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengxin Cai
- Institute of Sports and Exercise Biology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi' an 710119, PR China
| | - Qing'an Wang
- Institute of Sports and Exercise Biology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi' an 710119, PR China; School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, PR China
| | - Zhiwei Liu
- Institute of Sports and Exercise Biology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi' an 710119, PR China
| | - Dandan Jia
- Institute of Sports and Exercise Biology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi' an 710119, PR China
| | - Rui Feng
- Institute of Sports and Exercise Biology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi' an 710119, PR China; College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, PR China
| | - Zhenjun Tian
- Institute of Sports and Exercise Biology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi' an 710119, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Collins KH, Hart DA, Smith IC, Issler AM, Reimer RA, Seerattan RA, Rios JL, Herzog W. Acute and chronic changes in rat soleus muscle after high-fat high-sucrose diet. Physiol Rep 2018; 5:e13270. [PMID: 28533262 PMCID: PMC5449557 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of obesity on different musculoskeletal tissues are not well understood. The glycolytic quadriceps muscles are compromised with obesity, but due to its high oxidative capacity, the soleus muscle may be protected against obesity‐induced muscle damage. To determine the time–course relationship between a high‐fat/high‐sucrose (HFS) metabolic challenge and soleus muscle integrity, defined as intramuscular fat invasion, fibrosis and molecular alterations over six time points. Male Sprague‐Dawley rats were fed a HFS diet (n = 64) and killed at serial short‐term (3 days, 1 week, 2 weeks, 4 weeks) and long‐term (12 weeks, 28 weeks) time points. Chow‐fed controls (n = 21) were killed at 4, 12, and 28 weeks. At sacrifice, animals were weighed, body composition was calculated (DXA), and soleus muscles were harvested and flash‐frozen. Cytokine and adipokine mRNA levels for soleus muscles were assessed, using RT‐qPCR. Histological assessment of muscle fibrosis and intramuscular fat was conducted, CD68+ cell number was determined using immunohistochemistry, and fiber typing was assessed using myosin heavy chain protein analysis. HFS animals demonstrated significant increases in body fat by 1 week, and this increase in body fat was sustained through 28 weeks on the HFS diet. Short‐term time‐point soleus muscles demonstrated up‐regulated mRNA levels for inflammation, atrophy, and oxidative stress molecules. However, intramuscular fat, fibrosis, and CD68+ cell number were similar to their respective control group at all time points evaluated. Therefore, the oxidative capacity of the soleus may be protective against diet‐induced alterations to muscle integrity. Increasing oxidative capacity of muscles using aerobic exercise may be a beneficial strategy for mitigating obesity‐induced muscle damage, and its consequences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey H Collins
- Human Performance Laboratory, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - David A Hart
- Human Performance Laboratory, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,The Centre for Hip Health & Mobility, Department of Family Practice, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Alberta Health Services Bone & Joint Health Strategic Clinical Network, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ian C Smith
- Human Performance Laboratory, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Anthony M Issler
- Human Performance Laboratory, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Raylene A Reimer
- Human Performance Laboratory, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ruth A Seerattan
- Human Performance Laboratory, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jaqueline L Rios
- Human Performance Laboratory, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,CAPES Foundation, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Walter Herzog
- Human Performance Laboratory, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Call JA, Donet J, Martin KS, Sharma AK, Chen X, Zhang J, Cai J, Galarreta CA, Okutsu M, Du Z, Lira VA, Zhang M, Mehrad B, Annex BH, Klibanov AL, Bowler RP, Laubach VE, Peirce SM, Yan Z. Muscle-derived extracellular superoxide dismutase inhibits endothelial activation and protects against multiple organ dysfunction syndrome in mice. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 113:212-223. [PMID: 28982599 PMCID: PMC5740866 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) is a detrimental clinical complication in critically ill patients with high mortality. Emerging evidence suggests that oxidative stress and endothelial activation (induced expression of adhesion molecules) of vital organ vasculatures are key, early steps in the pathogenesis. We aimed to ascertain the role and mechanism(s) of enhanced extracellular superoxide dismutase (EcSOD) expression in skeletal muscle in protection against MODS induced by endotoxemia. We showed that EcSOD overexpressed in skeletal muscle-specific transgenic mice (TG) redistributes to other peripheral organs through the circulation and enriches at the endothelium of the vasculatures. TG mice are resistant to endotoxemia (induced by lipopolysaccharide [LPS] injection) in developing MODS with significantly reduced mortality and organ damages compared with the wild type littermates (WT). Heterogenic parabiosis between TG and WT mice conferred a significant protection to WT mice, whereas mice with R213G knock-in mutation, a human single nucleotide polymorphism leading to reduced binding EcSOD in peripheral organs, exacerbated the organ damages. Mechanistically, EcSOD inhibits vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 expression and inflammatory leukocyte adhesion to the vascular wall of vital organs, blocking an early step of the pathology in organ damage under endotoxemia. Therefore, enhanced expression of EcSOD in skeletal muscle profoundly protects against MODS by inhibiting endothelial activation and inflammatory cell adhesion, which could be a promising therapy for MODS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jarrod A Call
- Center for Skeletal Muscle Research at Robert Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Departments of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Jean Donet
- Center for Skeletal Muscle Research at Robert Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Departments of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Kyle S Martin
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Ashish K Sharma
- Departments of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Xiaobin Chen
- Center for Skeletal Muscle Research at Robert Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Department of Cardiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan Province 410008, China
| | - Jiuzhi Zhang
- Center for Skeletal Muscle Research at Robert Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Department of Critical Care Medicine and Institute of Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliate Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 222 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, Liaoning Province 116011, China
| | - Jie Cai
- Center for Skeletal Muscle Research at Robert Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Department of Infectious Disease, First Affiliate Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210029, China
| | - Carolina A Galarreta
- Departments of Pediatrics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Mitsuharu Okutsu
- Center for Skeletal Muscle Research at Robert Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Departments of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Zhongmin Du
- Departments of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Vitor A Lira
- Center for Skeletal Muscle Research at Robert Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Departments of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Mei Zhang
- Center for Skeletal Muscle Research at Robert Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Departments of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Borna Mehrad
- Departments of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Brian H Annex
- Departments of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | | | - Russell P Bowler
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Victor E Laubach
- Departments of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Shayn M Peirce
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Zhen Yan
- Center for Skeletal Muscle Research at Robert Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Departments of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Departments of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Departments of Molecular Physiology & Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Brown JL, Rosa‐Caldwell ME, Lee DE, Blackwell TA, Brown LA, Perry RA, Haynie WS, Hardee JP, Carson JA, Wiggs MP, Washington TA, Greene NP. Mitochondrial degeneration precedes the development of muscle atrophy in progression of cancer cachexia in tumour-bearing mice. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2017; 8:926-938. [PMID: 28845591 PMCID: PMC5700433 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Revised: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer cachexia is largely irreversible, at least via nutritional means, and responsible for 20-40% of cancer-related deaths. Therefore, preventive measures are of primary importance; however, little is known about muscle perturbations prior to onset of cachexia. Cancer cachexia is associated with mitochondrial degeneration; yet, it remains to be determined if mitochondrial degeneration precedes muscle wasting in cancer cachexia. Therefore, our purpose was to determine if mitochondrial degeneration precedes cancer-induced muscle wasting in tumour-bearing mice. METHODS First, weight-stable (MinStable) and cachectic (MinCC) ApcMin/+ mice were compared with C57Bl6/J controls for mRNA contents of mitochondrial quality regulators in quadriceps muscle. Next, Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) cells or PBS (control) were injected into the hind flank of C57Bl6/J mice at 8 week age, and tumour allowed to develop for 1, 2, 3, or 4 weeks to examine time course of cachectic development. Succinate dehydrogenase stain was used to measure oxidative phenotype in tibialis anterior muscle. Mitochondrial quality and function were assessed using the reporter MitoTimer by transfection to flexor digitorum brevis and mitochondrial function/ROS emission in permeabilized adult myofibres from plantaris. RT-qPCR and immunoblot measured the expression of mitochondrial quality control and antioxidant proteins. Data were analysed by one-way ANOVA with Student-Newman-Kuels post hoc test. RESULTS MinStable mice displayed ~50% lower Pgc-1α, Pparα, and Mfn2 compared with C57Bl6/J controls, whereas MinCC exhibited 10-fold greater Bnip3 content compared with C57Bl6/J controls. In LLC, cachectic muscle loss was evident only at 4 weeks post-tumour implantation. Oxidative capacity and mitochondrial content decreased by ~40% 4 weeks post-tumour implantation. Mitochondrial function decreased by ~25% by 3 weeks after tumour implantation. Mitochondrial degeneration was evident by 2 week LLC compared with PBS control, indicated by MitoTimer red/green ratio and number of pure red puncta. Mitochondrial ROS production was elevated by ~50 to ~100% when compared with PBS at 1-3 weeks post-tumour implantation. Mitochondrial quality control was dysregulated throughout the progression of cancer cachexia in tumour-bearing mice. In contrast, antioxidant proteins were not altered in cachectic muscle wasting. CONCLUSIONS Functional mitochondrial degeneration is evident in LLC tumour-bearing mice prior to muscle atrophy. Contents of mitochondrial quality regulators across ApcMin/+ and LLC mice suggest impaired mitochondrial quality control as a commonality among pre-clinical models of cancer cachexia. Our data provide novel evidence for impaired mitochondrial health prior to cachectic muscle loss and provide a potential therapeutic target to prevent cancer cachexia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob L. Brown
- Integrative Muscle Metabolism Laboratory, Exercise Science Research Center, Department of Health, Human Performance and RecreationUniversity of ArkansasFayettevilleAR72701USA
| | - Megan E. Rosa‐Caldwell
- Integrative Muscle Metabolism Laboratory, Exercise Science Research Center, Department of Health, Human Performance and RecreationUniversity of ArkansasFayettevilleAR72701USA
| | - David E. Lee
- Integrative Muscle Metabolism Laboratory, Exercise Science Research Center, Department of Health, Human Performance and RecreationUniversity of ArkansasFayettevilleAR72701USA
| | - Thomas A. Blackwell
- Integrative Muscle Metabolism Laboratory, Exercise Science Research Center, Department of Health, Human Performance and RecreationUniversity of ArkansasFayettevilleAR72701USA
| | - Lemuel A. Brown
- Exercise Muscle Biology Laboratory, Exercise Science Research Center, Department of Health, Human Performance and RecreationUniversity of ArkansasFayettevilleAR72701USA
| | - Richard A. Perry
- Exercise Muscle Biology Laboratory, Exercise Science Research Center, Department of Health, Human Performance and RecreationUniversity of ArkansasFayettevilleAR72701USA
| | - Wesley S. Haynie
- Exercise Muscle Biology Laboratory, Exercise Science Research Center, Department of Health, Human Performance and RecreationUniversity of ArkansasFayettevilleAR72701USA
| | - Justin P. Hardee
- Integrative Muscle Biology Laboratory, Department of Exercise ScienceUniversity of South CarolinaColumbiaSC29208USA
| | - James A. Carson
- Integrative Muscle Biology Laboratory, Department of Exercise ScienceUniversity of South CarolinaColumbiaSC29208USA
| | - Michael P. Wiggs
- Integrated Physiology and Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Health and KinesiologyUniversity of Texas at TylerTylerTX75799USA
| | - Tyrone A. Washington
- Exercise Muscle Biology Laboratory, Exercise Science Research Center, Department of Health, Human Performance and RecreationUniversity of ArkansasFayettevilleAR72701USA
| | - Nicholas P. Greene
- Integrative Muscle Metabolism Laboratory, Exercise Science Research Center, Department of Health, Human Performance and RecreationUniversity of ArkansasFayettevilleAR72701USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Curtis KJ, Meyrick VM, Mehta B, Haji GS, Li K, Montgomery H, Man WDC, Polkey MI, Hopkinson NS. Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibition as an Adjunct to Pulmonary Rehabilitation in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2017; 194:1349-1357. [PMID: 27248440 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201601-0094oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Epidemiological studies in older individuals have found an association between the use of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition (ACE-I) therapy and preserved locomotor muscle mass, strength, and walking speed. ACE-I therapy might therefore have a role in the context of pulmonary rehabilitation (PR). OBJECTIVES To investigate the hypothesis that enalapril, an ACE inhibitor, would augment the improvement in exercise capacity seen during PR. METHODS We performed a double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group randomized controlled trial. Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, who had at least moderate airflow obstruction and were taking part in PR, were randomized to either 10 weeks of therapy with an ACE inhibitor (10 mg enalapril) or placebo. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS The primary outcome measurement was the change in peak power (assessed using cycle ergometry) from baseline. Eighty patients were enrolled, 78 were randomized (age 67 ± 8 years; FEV1 48 ± 21% predicted), and 65 completed the trial (34 on placebo, 31 on the ACE inhibitor). The ACE inhibitor-treated group demonstrated a significant reduction in systolic blood pressure (Δ, -16 mm Hg; 95% confidence interval [CI], -22 to -11) and serum ACE activity (Δ, -18 IU/L; 95% CI, -23 to -12) versus placebo (between-group differences, P < 0.0001). Peak power increased significantly more in the placebo group (placebo Δ, +9 W; 95% CI, 5 to 13 vs. ACE-I Δ, +1 W; 95% CI, -2 to 4; between-group difference, 8 W; 95% CI, 3 to 13; P = 0.001). There was no significant between-group difference in quadriceps strength or health-related quality of life. CONCLUSIONS Use of the ACE inhibitor enalapril, together with a program of PR, in patients without an established indication for ACE-I, reduced the peak work rate response to exercise training in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katrina J Curtis
- 1 National Institute for Health Research Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Trust and Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Victoria M Meyrick
- 1 National Institute for Health Research Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Trust and Imperial College, London, United Kingdom.,2 Department of Respiratory Medicine, King's College London NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Bhavin Mehta
- 1 National Institute for Health Research Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Trust and Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gulam S Haji
- 1 National Institute for Health Research Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Trust and Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kawah Li
- 3 Institute for Sport, Exercise and Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom; and
| | - Hugh Montgomery
- 3 Institute for Sport, Exercise and Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom; and
| | - William D-C Man
- 1 National Institute for Health Research Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Trust and Imperial College, London, United Kingdom.,4 Harefield Pulmonary Rehabilitation Unit, Harefield Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michael I Polkey
- 1 National Institute for Health Research Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Trust and Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas S Hopkinson
- 1 National Institute for Health Research Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Trust and Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Disrupted Skeletal Muscle Mitochondrial Dynamics, Mitophagy, and Biogenesis during Cancer Cachexia: A Role for Inflammation. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:3292087. [PMID: 28785374 PMCID: PMC5530417 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3292087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is a hallmark of cancer cachexia in both patients and preclinical models. Cachexia is prevalent in roughly 80% of cancer patients and accounts for up to 20% of all cancer-related deaths. Proinflammatory cytokines IL-6, TNF-α, and TGF-β have been widely examined for their regulation of cancer cachexia. An established characteristic of cachectic skeletal muscle is a disrupted capacity for oxidative metabolism, which is thought to contribute to cancer patient fatigue, diminished metabolic function, and muscle mass loss. This review's primary objective is to highlight emerging evidence linking cancer-induced inflammation to the dysfunctional regulation of mitochondrial dynamics, mitophagy, and biogenesis in cachectic muscle. The potential for either muscle inactivity or exercise to alter mitochondrial dysfunction during cancer cachexia will also be discussed.
Collapse
|
17
|
Leitner LM, Wilson RJ, Yan Z, Gödecke A. Reactive Oxygen Species/Nitric Oxide Mediated Inter-Organ Communication in Skeletal Muscle Wasting Diseases. Antioxid Redox Signal 2017; 26:700-717. [PMID: 27835923 PMCID: PMC5421600 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2016.6942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Cachexia is defined as a complex metabolic syndrome that is associated with underlying illness and a loss of muscle with or without loss of fat mass. This disease is associated with a high incidence with chronic diseases such as heart failure, cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), among others. Since there is currently no effective treatment available, cachectic patients have a poor prognosis. Elucidation of the underlying mechanisms is, therefore, an important medical task. Recent Advances: There is accumulating evidence that the diseased organs such as heart, lung, kidney, or cancer tissue secrete soluble factors, including Angiotensin II, myostatin (growth differentiation factor 8 [GDF8]), GDF11, tumor growth factor beta (TGFβ), which act on skeletal muscle. There, they induce a set of genes called atrogenes, which, among others, induce the ubiquitin-proteasome system, leading to protein degradation. Moreover, elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels due to modulation of NADPH oxidases (Nox) and mitochondrial function contribute to disease progression, which is characterized by loss of muscle mass, exercise resistance, and frailty. CRITICAL ISSUES Although substantial progress was achieved to elucidate the pathophysiology of cachexia, effectice therapeutic strategies are urgently needed. FUTURE DIRECTIONS With the identification of key components of the aberrant inter-organ communication leading to cachexia, studies in mice and men to inhibit ROS formation, induction of anti-oxidative superoxide dismutases, and upregulation of muscular nitric oxide (NO) formation either by pharmacological tools or by exercise are promising approaches to reduce the extent of skeletal muscle wasting. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 26, 700-717.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucia M Leitner
- 1 Institut für Herz- und Kreislaufphysiologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsklinikum , Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Rebecca J Wilson
- 2 Department of Medicine-Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Virginia , Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Zhen Yan
- 2 Department of Medicine-Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Virginia , Charlottesville, Virginia.,3 Center for Skeletal Muscle Research at Robert Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia , Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Axel Gödecke
- 1 Institut für Herz- und Kreislaufphysiologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsklinikum , Düsseldorf, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Hirasaka K, Saito S, Yamaguchi S, Miyazaki R, Wang Y, Haruna M, Taniyama S, Higashitani A, Terao J, Nikawa T, Tachibana K. Dietary Supplementation with Isoflavones Prevents Muscle Wasting in Tumor-Bearing Mice. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2017; 62:178-84. [PMID: 27465724 DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.62.178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Proinflammatory cytokines contribute to the progression of muscle wasting caused by ubiquitin-proteasome-dependent proteolysis. We have previously demonstrated that isoflavones, such as genistein and daidzein, prevent TNF-α-induced muscle atrophy in C2C12 myotubes. In this study, we examined the effect of dietary flavonoids on the wasting of muscle. Mice were divided into the following four groups: vehicle-injected (control) mice fed the normal diet (CN); tumor-bearing mice fed the normal diet (TN); control mice fed the isoflavone diet (CI); and tumor-bearing mice fed the isoflavone diet (TI). There were no significant differences in the intake of food or body weight gain among these four groups. The wet weight and myofiber size of gastrocnemius muscle in TN significantly decreased, compared with those in CN. Interestingly, the wet weight and myofiber size of gastrocnemius muscle in TI were nearly the same as those in CN and CI, although isoflavone supplementation did not affect the increased tumor mass or concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α and IL-6, in the blood. Moreover, increased expression of muscle-specific ubiquitin ligase genes encoding MAFbx/Atrogin-1 and MuRF1 in the skeletal muscle of TN was significantly inhibited by the supplementation of isoflavones. In parallel with the expression of muscle-specific ubiquitin ligases, dietary isoflavones significantly suppressed phosphorylation of ERK in tumor-bearing mice. These results suggest that dietary isoflavones improve muscle wasting in tumor-bearing mice via the ERK signaling pathway mediated-suppression of ubiquitin ligases in muscle cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katsuya Hirasaka
- Graduate School of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Nagasaki University
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Cunha TF, Bechara LRG, Bacurau AVN, Jannig PR, Voltarelli VA, Dourado PM, Vasconcelos AR, Scavone C, Ferreira JCB, Brum PC. Exercise training decreases NADPH oxidase activity and restores skeletal muscle mass in heart failure rats. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2017; 122:817-827. [DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00182.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We have recently demonstrated that NADPH oxidase hyperactivity, NF-κB activation, and increased p38 phosphorylation lead to atrophy of glycolytic muscle in heart failure (HF). Aerobic exercise training (AET) is an efficient strategy to counteract skeletal muscle atrophy in this syndrome. Therefore, we tested whether AET would regulate muscle redox balance and protein degradation by decreasing NADPH oxidase hyperactivity and reestablishing NF-κB signaling, p38 phosphorylation, and proteasome activity in plantaris muscle of myocardial infarcted-induced HF (MI) rats. Thirty-two male Wistar rats underwent MI or fictitious surgery (SHAM) and were randomly assigned into untrained (UNT) and trained (T; 8 wk of AET on treadmill) groups. AET prevented HF signals and skeletal muscle atrophy in MI-T, which showed an improved exercise tolerance, attenuated cardiac dysfunction and increased plantaris fiber cross-sectional area. To verify the role of inflammation and redox imbalance in triggering protein degradation, circulating TNF-α levels, NADPH oxidase profile, NF-κB signaling, p38 protein levels, and proteasome activity were assessed. MI-T showed a reduced TNF-α levels, NADPH oxidase activity, and Nox2 mRNA expression toward SHAM-UNT levels. The rescue of NADPH oxidase activity induced by AET in MI rats was paralleled by reducing nuclear binding activity of the NF-κB, p38 phosphorylation, atrogin-1, mRNA levels, and 26S chymotrypsin-like proteasome activity. Taken together our data provide evidence for AET improving plantaris redox homeostasis in HF associated with a decreased NADPH oxidase, redox-sensitive proteins activation, and proteasome hyperactivity further preventing atrophy. These data reinforce the role of AET as an efficient therapy for muscle wasting in HF. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study demonstrates, for the first time, the contribution of aerobic exercise training (AET) in decreasing muscle NADPH oxidase activity associated with reduced reactive oxygen species production and systemic inflammation, which diminish NF-κB overactivation, p38 phosphorylation, and ubiquitin proteasome system hyperactivity. These molecular changes counteract plantaris atrophy in trained myocardial infarction-induced heart failure rats. Our data provide new evidence into how AET may regulate protein degradation and thus prevent skeletal muscle atrophy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Telma F. Cunha
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz R. G. Bechara
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Aline V. N. Bacurau
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo R. Jannig
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Paulo M. Dourado
- Heart Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andrea R. Vasconcelos
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; and
| | - Cristóforo Scavone
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; and
| | | | - Patricia C. Brum
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Nakazawa H, Chang K, Shinozaki S, Yasukawa T, Ishimaru K, Yasuhara S, Yu YM, Martyn JAJ, Tompkins RG, Shimokado K, Kaneki M. iNOS as a Driver of Inflammation and Apoptosis in Mouse Skeletal Muscle after Burn Injury: Possible Involvement of Sirt1 S-Nitrosylation-Mediated Acetylation of p65 NF-κB and p53. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170391. [PMID: 28099528 PMCID: PMC5242494 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation and apoptosis develop in skeletal muscle after major trauma, including burn injury, and play a pivotal role in insulin resistance and muscle wasting. We and others have shown that inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), a major mediator of inflammation, plays an important role in stress (e.g., burn)-induced insulin resistance. However, it remains to be determined how iNOS induces insulin resistance. Moreover, the interrelation between inflammatory response and apoptosis is poorly understood, although they often develop simultaneously. Nuclear factor (NF)-κB and p53 are key regulators of inflammation and apoptosis, respectively. Sirt1 inhibits p65 NF-κB and p53 by deacetylating these transcription factors. Recently, we have shown that iNOS induces S-nitrosylation of Sirt1, which inactivates Sirt1 and thereby increases acetylation and activity of p65 NF-κB and p53 in various cell types, including skeletal muscle cells. Here, we show that iNOS enhances burn-induced inflammatory response and apoptotic change in mouse skeletal muscle along with S-nitrosylation of Sirt1. Burn injury induced robust expression of iNOS in skeletal muscle and gene disruption of iNOS significantly inhibited burn-induced increases in inflammatory gene expression and apoptotic change. In parallel, burn increased Sirt1 S-nitrosylation and acetylation and DNA-binding capacity of p65 NF-κB and p53, all of which were reversed or ameliorated by iNOS deficiency. These results indicate that iNOS functions not only as a downstream effector but also as an upstream enhancer of burn-induced inflammatory response, at least in part, by Sirt1 S-nitrosylation-dependent activation (acetylation) of p65 NF-κB. Our data suggest that Sirt1 S-nitrosylation may play a role in iNOS-mediated enhanced inflammatory response and apoptotic change, which, in turn, contribute to muscle wasting and supposedly to insulin resistance after burn injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harumasa Nakazawa
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Shriners Hospitals for Children, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Kyungho Chang
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Shohei Shinozaki
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Geriatrics and Vascular Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Yasukawa
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Shriners Hospitals for Children, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Kazuhiro Ishimaru
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Shriners Hospitals for Children, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Shingo Yasuhara
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Shriners Hospitals for Children, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Yong-Ming Yu
- Shriners Hospitals for Children, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - J. A. Jeevendra Martyn
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Shriners Hospitals for Children, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Ronald. G. Tompkins
- Shriners Hospitals for Children, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Kentaro Shimokado
- Department of Geriatrics and Vascular Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masao Kaneki
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Shriners Hospitals for Children, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Shyh-Chang N. Metabolic Changes During Cancer Cachexia Pathogenesis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 1026:233-249. [PMID: 29282687 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-6020-5_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Wasting of adipose tissue and skeletal muscle is a hallmark of metastatic cancer and a major cause of death. Like patients with cachexia caused by other chronic infections or inflammatory diseases, the cancer subject manifests both malnutrition and metabolic stress. Both carbohydrate utilization and amino acid incorporation are decreased in the muscles of cancer cachexia patients. Cancer cells affect host metabolism in two ways: (a) their own metabolism of nutrients into other metabolites and (b) circulating factors they secrete or induce the host to secrete. Accelerated glycolysis and lactate production, i.e., the Warburg effect and the resultant increase in Cori cycle activity, are the most widely discussed metabolic effects. Meanwhile, although a large number of pro-cachexia circulating factors have been found, such as TNFa, IL-6, myostatin, and PTHrp, none have been shown to be a dominant factor that can be targeted singly to treat cancer cachexia in humans. It is possible that given the complex multifactorial nature of the cachexia secretome, and the personalized differences between cancer patients, targeting any single circulating factor would always be insufficient to treat cachexia for all patients. Here we review the metabolic changes that occur in response to tumor growth and tumor-secreted factors during cachexia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ng Shyh-Chang
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
High-Methionine Diet Attenuates Severity of Arthritis and Modulates IGF-I Related Gene Expressions in an Adjuvant Arthritis Rats Model. Mediators Inflamm 2016; 2016:9280529. [PMID: 27738392 PMCID: PMC5055955 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9280529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis, a synthesized form of adjuvant arthritis exhibited throughout many animal species, inhibits liver function and circulation of IGF-I and contributes to the degradation of skeletal muscle mass. One of the primary goals of the present study is determining whether a high-Methionine (high-Met) diet is capable of reducing the adverse effects of arthritis, namely, loss of body mass. Following adjuvant injection, forty arthritic rats were randomly assigned to either a control group with a basal diet or a high-Met group with the same basal diet + 0.5% Methionine. After 14 days all rats were terminated. The high-Met group exhibited an increase in body weight and food intake in comparison with the control group (P < 0.05). High-Met diet debilitated arthritis-induced surges in the gastrocnemius in both atrogin-1 and the MuRF1 expressions; however, it was observed to have little to no effect on atrogin-1 and MuRF1 gene expression in soleus. At the same time, high-Met diet rats experienced a rise in IGF-I, with lowering of IGFBP-3 gene expression in the gastrocnemius and the soleus. These data suggest that arthritis severity can be partly attenuated by high-Met diet.
Collapse
|
23
|
Talarmin H, Derbré F, Lefeuvre-Orfila L, Léon K, Droguet M, Pennec JP, Giroux-Metgès MA. The diaphragm is better protected from oxidative stress than hindlimb skeletal muscle during CLP-induced sepsis. Redox Rep 2016; 22:218-226. [PMID: 27595775 DOI: 10.1080/13510002.2016.1223793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to determine whether non-lethal sepsis induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) modulates oxidative damage and enzymatic antioxidant defenses in diaphragm and hindlimb skeletal muscles (soleus and Extensor Digitorus Longus (EDL)). METHODS Female Wistar rats were divided into four experimental groups: (1) control animals, (2) animals sacrificed 2 hours or (3) 7 days after CLP, and (4) sham-operated animals. At the end of the experimental procedure, EDL, soleus, and diaphragm muscles were harvested and 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE)-protein adducts and protein carbonyl contents were examined in relation to superoxide dismutase and catalase expression and activities. RESULTS We observed that both non-respiratory oxidative (i.e. soleus) and glycolytic skeletal muscles (i.e. EDL) are more susceptible to sepsis-induced oxidative stress than diaphragm, as attested by an increase in 4-HNE protein adducts and carbonylated proteins after 2 hours of CLP only in soleus and EDL. DISCUSSION These differences could be explained by higher basal enzymatic antioxidant activities in diaphragm compared to hindlimb skeletal muscles. Together, these results demonstrate that diaphragm is better protected from oxidative stress than hindlimb skeletal muscles during CLP-induced sepsis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Talarmin
- a Physiology Department EA1274, UFR Médecine et Sciences de la Santé , Université de Bretagne Occidentale , Brest , France
| | - Frédéric Derbré
- b "Movement Sport and Health Sciences" Laboratory EA1274 , University Rennes 2-ENS Rennes , Bruz , France
| | - Luz Lefeuvre-Orfila
- b "Movement Sport and Health Sciences" Laboratory EA1274 , University Rennes 2-ENS Rennes , Bruz , France
| | - Karelle Léon
- a Physiology Department EA1274, UFR Médecine et Sciences de la Santé , Université de Bretagne Occidentale , Brest , France
| | - Mickaël Droguet
- a Physiology Department EA1274, UFR Médecine et Sciences de la Santé , Université de Bretagne Occidentale , Brest , France
| | - Jean-Pierre Pennec
- a Physiology Department EA1274, UFR Médecine et Sciences de la Santé , Université de Bretagne Occidentale , Brest , France
| | - Marie-Agnès Giroux-Metgès
- a Physiology Department EA1274, UFR Médecine et Sciences de la Santé , Université de Bretagne Occidentale , Brest , France
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Tanaka M, Tanaka K, Tategaki J, Fujino H. Preventive effects of kilohertz frequency electrical stimulation on sepsis-induced muscle atrophy. JOURNAL OF MUSCULOSKELETAL & NEURONAL INTERACTIONS 2016; 16:152-60. [PMID: 27282459 PMCID: PMC5114358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The present study sought to evaluate the effect of electrical stimulation (ES) by using kilohertz frequency on muscle atrophy induced by sepsis. METHODS Seventeen male ICR mice were randomly divided into 3 groups: control, lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-injected for 4 days, LPS plus ES (LPS+ES). Sepsis was induced by 4 days of an intraperitoneal LPS injection (10 μg/g body weight/day). LPS+ES animals received the LPS injections and ES twice a day for 4 days. ELISA and western blot analysis determined the plasma levels of inflammatory cytokines and ubiquitinated proteins, while the tibialis anterior muscles were weighed and muscle fiber cross-sectional area (CSA) were measured to assess muscle atrophy, which were analyzed by Student's t-test and ANOVA. RESULTS LPS induced increased plasma levels of inflammatory cytokines, significant muscle mass loss (LPS: -29.0%, LPS+ES: -23.1%), decreased fiber cross-sectional area, and an up-regulation of atrogin-1 and ubiquitinated proteins in the tibialis anterior muscle compared with the control. ES attenuated the sepsis-induced loss of muscle mass and decreased fiber CSA, as well as attenuated the atrogin-1 and ubiquitinated protein up-regulation. CONCLUSIONS Electrical stimulation may prevent sepsis-induced muscle atrophy through ubiquitin-proteasome pathway inhibition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M. Tanaka
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 7-10-2 Tomogaoka, Suma-ku, Kobe 654-0142, Japan,Osaka Yukioka College of Health Sciences, Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Science, 1-1-41 Sojiji, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0801, Japan
| | - K. Tanaka
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 7-10-2 Tomogaoka, Suma-ku, Kobe 654-0142, Japan
| | - J. Tategaki
- Depertment of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - H. Fujino
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 7-10-2 Tomogaoka, Suma-ku, Kobe 654-0142, Japan,Corresponding author: Hidemi Fujino, Ph.D., Professor, Department of Rehabilitation Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 7-10-2 Tomogaoka, Suma-ku, Kobe 654-0142, Japan E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Characteristics of Skeletal Muscle Fibers of SOD1 Knockout Mice. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2016:9345970. [PMID: 26798428 PMCID: PMC4699091 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9345970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1) knockout (KO) mice are known as an aging model in some aspects, but the damage and regeneration process of each fiber type have not been sufficiently studied. In this study, we investigated the damage and satellite cell state of the gastrocnemius muscle in SOD1 KO mice (6 months old) using immunohistochemical staining and real-time RT-PCR. The proportion of central nuclei-containing Type IIx/b fibers in the deep and superficial portions of the gastrocnemius muscle was significantly higher in SOD1 KO than control mice. The number of satellite cells per muscle fiber decreased in all muscle fiber types in the deep portion of the gastrocnemius muscle in SOD1 KO mice. In addition, the mRNA expression levels of Pax7 and myogenin, which are expressed in satellite cells in the activation, proliferation, and differentiation states, significantly increased in the gastrocnemius muscle of SOD1 KO mice. Furthermore, mRNA of myosin heavy chain-embryonic, which is expressed in the early phase of muscle regeneration, significantly increased in SOD1 KO mice. It was suggested that muscle is damaged by reactive oxygen species produced in the mitochondrial intermembrane space in Type IIxb fibers, accelerating the proliferation and differentiation of satellite cells through growth factors in SOD1 KO mice.
Collapse
|
26
|
Ham DJ, Gleeson BG, Chee A, Baum DM, Caldow MK, Lynch GS, Koopman R. L-Citrulline Protects Skeletal Muscle Cells from Cachectic Stimuli through an iNOS-Dependent Mechanism. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0141572. [PMID: 26513461 PMCID: PMC4625972 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0141572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary L-citrulline is thought to modulate muscle protein turnover by increasing L-arginine availability. To date, the direct effects of increased L-citrulline concentrations in muscle have been completely neglected. Therefore, we determined the role of L-citrulline in regulating cell size during catabolic conditions by depriving mature C2C12 myotubes of growth factors (serum free; SF) or growth factors and nutrients (HEPES buffered saline; HBS). Cells were treated with L-citrulline or equimolar concentrations of L-arginine (positive control) or L-alanine (negative control) and changes in cell size and protein turnover were assessed. In myotubes incubated in HBS or SF media, L-citrulline improved rates of protein synthesis (HBS: +63%, SF: +37%) and myotube diameter (HBS: +18%, SF: +29%). L-citrulline treatment substantially increased iNOS mRNA expression (SF: 350%, HBS: 750%). The general NOS inhibitor L-NAME and the iNOS specific inhibitor aminoguanidine prevented these effects in both models. Depriving myotubes in SF media of L-arginine or L-leucine, exacerbated wasting which was not attenuated by L-citrulline. The increased iNOS mRNA expression was temporally associated with increases in mRNA of the endogenous antioxidants SOD1, SOD3 and catalase. Furthermore, L-citrulline prevented inflammation (LPS) and oxidative stress (H2O2) induced muscle cell wasting. In conclusion, we demonstrate a novel direct protective effect of L-citrulline on skeletal muscle cell size independent of L-arginine that is mediated through induction of the inducible NOS (iNOS) isoform. This discovery of a nutritional modulator of iNOS mRNA expression in skeletal muscle cells could have substantial implications for the treatment of muscle wasting conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J. Ham
- Basic and Clinical Myology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Benjamin G. Gleeson
- Basic and Clinical Myology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Annabel Chee
- Basic and Clinical Myology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Dale M. Baum
- Basic and Clinical Myology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Marissa K. Caldow
- Basic and Clinical Myology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gordon S. Lynch
- Basic and Clinical Myology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - René Koopman
- Basic and Clinical Myology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Mendes MCS, Pimentel GD, Costa FO, Carvalheira JBC. Molecular and neuroendocrine mechanisms of cancer cachexia. J Endocrinol 2015; 226:R29-43. [PMID: 26112046 DOI: 10.1530/joe-15-0170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Cancer and its morbidities, such as cancer cachexia, constitute a major public health problem. Although cancer cachexia has afflicted humanity for centuries, its underlying multifactorial and complex physiopathology has hindered the understanding of its mechanism. During the last few decades we have witnessed a dramatic increase in the understanding of cancer cachexia pathophysiology. Anorexia and muscle and adipose tissue wasting are the main features of cancer cachexia. These apparently independent symptoms have humoral factors secreted by the tumor as a common cause. Importantly, the hypothalamus has emerged as an organ that senses the peripheral signals emanating from the tumoral environment, and not only elicits anorexia but also contributes to the development of muscle and adipose tissue loss. Herein, we review the roles of factors secreted by the tumor and its effects on the hypothalamus, muscle and adipose tissue, as well as highlighting the key targets that are being exploited for cancer cachexia treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Carolina S Mendes
- Department of Internal MedicineFaculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), MA: 13083-970 Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gustavo D Pimentel
- Department of Internal MedicineFaculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), MA: 13083-970 Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Felipe O Costa
- Department of Internal MedicineFaculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), MA: 13083-970 Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - José B C Carvalheira
- Department of Internal MedicineFaculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), MA: 13083-970 Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Teixeira TG, Tibana RA, Nascimento DDC, de Sousa NMF, de Souza VC, Vieira DCL, Nóbrega ODT, de Almeida JA, Navalta J, Prestes J. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase Glu298Asp gene polymorphism influences body composition and biochemical parameters but not the nitric oxide response to eccentric resistance exercise in elderly obese women. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging 2015; 36:482-489. [PMID: 26046684 DOI: 10.1111/cpf.12255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Both endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) gene polymorphism and nitric oxide (NO) are involved in important cardiovascular, muscular and inflammatory physiological mechanisms during ageing and response to exercise. The aim of this study was to investigate the NO kinetic response following an acute eccentric resistance exercise (ERE) session and the possible effect of the Glu298Asp eNOS gene polymorphism in elderly obese women. Eighty-seven women (age 69·4 ± 6·1 years, body weight 74·9 ± 12·7 kg, height 151·9 ± 6·0 cm and BMI 32·5 ± 5·7 kg m-2 ) completed seven sets of ten eccentric repetitions at 110% of the ten repetitions maximum (10RM). NO concentrations remained elevated up to 48 h following the acute ERE session as compared with baseline, for GG and GT/TT groups (P<0·05), with no differences between genotypes. The GG genotype group had higher body weight, prevalence of obesity (BMI classification - 81% versus 56%), BMI and higher relative muscle strength, while they had significantly lower triglycerides, VLDL and urea concentrations as compared with TT/TG group. In conclusion, NO remains elevated for up to 48 h after an acute ERE session, without genotype interaction. The TT/TG genotype had a negative impact on triglycerides, VLDL and urea concentrations. Thus, T carriers should increase their attention to cardiovascular risk factor and metabolic disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatiane Gomes Teixeira
- Catholic University of Brasilia, Graduation Program on Physical Education, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Ramires Alsamir Tibana
- Catholic University of Brasilia, Graduation Program on Physical Education, Brasilia, Brazil
| | | | | | - Vinicius Carolino de Souza
- Catholic University of Brasilia, Graduation Program on Physical Education, Brasilia, Brazil.,University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - James Navalta
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Jonato Prestes
- Catholic University of Brasilia, Graduation Program on Physical Education, Brasilia, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Endotoxin-induced skeletal muscle wasting is prevented by angiotensin-(1-7) through a p38 MAPK-dependent mechanism. Clin Sci (Lond) 2015; 129:461-76. [PMID: 25989282 DOI: 10.1042/cs20140840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle atrophy induced during sepsis syndrome produced by endotoxin in the form of LPS (lipopolysaccharide), is a pathological condition characterized by the loss of strength and muscle mass, an increase in MHC (myosin heavy chain) degradation, and an increase in the expression of atrogin-1 and MuRF-1 (muscle-specific RING-finger protein 1), two ubiquitin E3 ligases belonging to the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Ang-(1-7) [Angiotensin-(1-7)], through its Mas receptor, has beneficial effects in skeletal muscle. We evaluated in vivo the role of Ang-(1-7) and Mas receptor on the muscle wasting induced by LPS injection into C57BL/10J mice. In vitro studies were performed in murine C2C12 myotubes and isolated myofibres from EDL (extensor digitorum longus) muscle. In addition, the participation of p38 MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) in the Ang-(1-7) effect on the LPS-induced muscle atrophy was evaluated. Our results show that Ang-(1-7) prevents the decrease in the diameter of myofibres and myotubes, the decrease in muscle strength, the diminution in MHC levels and the induction of atrogin-1 and MuRF-1 expression, all of which are induced by LPS. These effects were reversed by using A779, a Mas antagonist. Ang-(1-7) exerts these anti-atrophic effects at least in part by inhibiting the LPS-dependent activation of p38 MAPK both in vitro and in vivo. We have demonstrated for the first time that Ang-(1-7) counteracts the skeletal muscle atrophy induced by endotoxin through a mechanism dependent on the Mas receptor that involves a decrease in p38 MAPK phosphorylation. The present study indicates that Ang-(1-7) is a novel molecule with a potential therapeutic use to improve muscle wasting during endotoxin-induced sepsis syndrome.
Collapse
|
30
|
Chen D, Wang Y, Chin ER. Activation of the endoplasmic reticulum stress response in skeletal muscle of G93A*SOD1 amyotrophic lateral sclerosis mice. Front Cell Neurosci 2015; 9:170. [PMID: 26041991 PMCID: PMC4435075 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2015.00170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1) are one of the genetic causes of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). Although the primary symptom of ALS is muscle weakness, the link between SOD1 mutations, cellular dysfunction and muscle atrophy and weakness is not well understood. The purpose of this study was to characterize cellular markers of ER stress in skeletal muscle across the lifespan of G93A*SOD1 (ALS-Tg) mice. Muscles were obtained from ALS-Tg and age-matched wild type (WT) mice at 70d (pre-symptomatic), 90d and 120–140d (symptomatic) and analyzed for ER stress markers. In white gastrocnemius (WG) muscle, ER stress sensors PERK and IRE1α were upregulated ~2-fold at 70d and remained (PERK) or increased further (IRE1α) at 120–140d. Phospho-eIF2α, a downstream target of PERK and an inhibitor of protein translation, was increased by 70d and increased further to 12.9-fold at 120–140d. IRE1α upregulation leads to increased splicing of X-box binding protein 1 (XBP-1) to the XBP-1s isoform. XBP-1s transcript was increased at 90d and 120–140d indicating activation of IRE1α signaling. The ER chaperone/heat shock protein Grp78/BiP was upregulated 2-fold at 70d and 90d and increased to 6.1-fold by 120–140d. The ER-stress-specific apoptotic signaling protein CHOP was upregulated 2-fold at 70d and 90d and increased to 13.3-fold at 120–140d indicating progressive activation of an apoptotic signal in muscle. There was a greater increase in Grp78/BiP and CHOP in WG vs. the more oxidative red gastrocnemius (RG) ALS-Tg at 120–140d indicating greater ER stress and apoptosis in fast glycolytic muscle. These data show that the ER stress response is activated in skeletal muscle of ALS-Tg mice by an early pre-symptomatic age and increases with disease progression. These data suggest a mechanism by which myocellular ER stress leads to reduced protein translation and contributes to muscle atrophy and weakness in ALS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dapeng Chen
- School of Public Health, University of Maryland MD, USA
| | - Yan Wang
- Proteomics Core Facility, College of Computer, Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Maryland MD, USA
| | - Eva R Chin
- School of Public Health, University of Maryland MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Couch ME, Dittus K, Toth MJ, Willis MS, Guttridge DC, George JR, Chang EY, Gourin CG, Der-Torossian H. Cancer cachexia update in head and neck cancer: Pathophysiology and treatment. Head Neck 2015; 37:1057-72. [PMID: 24634283 DOI: 10.1002/hed.23696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathophysiology of cancer cachexia remains complex. A comprehensive literature search was performed up to April 2013 using PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, and the Google search engine. In this review, we focus on the different mediators of impaired anabolism and upregulated catabolism that alter the skeletal muscle homeostasis resulting in the wasting of cancer cachexia. We present recent evidence of targeted treatment modalities from clinical trials along with their potential mechanisms of action. We also report on the most current evidence from randomized clinical trials using multimodal treatments in patients with cancer cachexia, but also the evidence from head and neck cancer-specific trials. A more complete understanding of the pathophysiology of the syndrome may lead to more effective targeted therapies and improved outcomes for patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marion E Couch
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont, College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Kim Dittus
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont, College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Michael J Toth
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont, College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Monte S Willis
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Denis C Guttridge
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Jonathan R George
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Eric Y Chang
- University of Vermont, College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Christine G Gourin
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Hirak Der-Torossian
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont, College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Call JA, Chain KH, Martin KS, Lira VA, Okutsu M, Zhang M, Yan Z. Enhanced skeletal muscle expression of extracellular superoxide dismutase mitigates streptozotocin-induced diabetic cardiomyopathy by reducing oxidative stress and aberrant cell signaling. Circ Heart Fail 2015; 8:188-97. [PMID: 25504759 PMCID: PMC4445759 DOI: 10.1161/circheartfailure.114.001540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exercise training enhances extracellular superoxide dismutase (EcSOD) expression in skeletal muscle and elicits positive health outcomes in individuals with diabetes mellitus. The goal of this study was to determine if enhanced skeletal muscle expression of EcSOD is sufficient to mitigate streptozotocin-induced diabetic cardiomyopathy. METHODS AND RESULTS Exercise training promotes EcSOD expression in skeletal muscle and provides protection against diabetic cardiomyopathy; however, it is not known if enhanced expression of EcSOD in skeletal muscle plays a functional role in this protection. Here, we show that skeletal muscle-specific EcSOD transgenic mice are protected from cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis, and dysfunction under the condition of type 1 diabetes mellitus induced by streptozotocin injection. We also show that both exercise training and muscle-specific transgenic expression of EcSOD result in elevated EcSOD protein in the blood and heart without increased transcription in the heart, suggesting that enhanced expression of EcSOD from skeletal muscle redistributes to the heart. Importantly, cardiac tissue in transgenic mice displayed significantly reduced oxidative stress, aberrant cell signaling, and inflammatory cytokine expression compared with wild-type mice under the same diabetic condition. CONCLUSIONS Enhanced expression of EcSOD in skeletal muscle is sufficient to mitigate streptozotocin-induced diabetic cardiomyopathy through attenuation of oxidative stress, aberrant cell signaling, and inflammation, suggesting a cross-organ mechanism by which exercise training improves cardiac function in diabetes mellitus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jarrod A Call
- From the Departments of Medicine (J.A.C., K.H.C., V.A.L., M.O., M.Z., Z.Y.), Pharmacology (Z.Y.), Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics (Z.Y.), Center for Skeletal Muscle Research at the Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (J.A.C., K.H.C., V.A.L., M.O., M.Z., Z.Y.), and Department of Biomedical Engineering (K.S.M.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Kristopher H Chain
- From the Departments of Medicine (J.A.C., K.H.C., V.A.L., M.O., M.Z., Z.Y.), Pharmacology (Z.Y.), Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics (Z.Y.), Center for Skeletal Muscle Research at the Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (J.A.C., K.H.C., V.A.L., M.O., M.Z., Z.Y.), and Department of Biomedical Engineering (K.S.M.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Kyle S Martin
- From the Departments of Medicine (J.A.C., K.H.C., V.A.L., M.O., M.Z., Z.Y.), Pharmacology (Z.Y.), Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics (Z.Y.), Center for Skeletal Muscle Research at the Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (J.A.C., K.H.C., V.A.L., M.O., M.Z., Z.Y.), and Department of Biomedical Engineering (K.S.M.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Vitor A Lira
- From the Departments of Medicine (J.A.C., K.H.C., V.A.L., M.O., M.Z., Z.Y.), Pharmacology (Z.Y.), Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics (Z.Y.), Center for Skeletal Muscle Research at the Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (J.A.C., K.H.C., V.A.L., M.O., M.Z., Z.Y.), and Department of Biomedical Engineering (K.S.M.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Mitsuharu Okutsu
- From the Departments of Medicine (J.A.C., K.H.C., V.A.L., M.O., M.Z., Z.Y.), Pharmacology (Z.Y.), Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics (Z.Y.), Center for Skeletal Muscle Research at the Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (J.A.C., K.H.C., V.A.L., M.O., M.Z., Z.Y.), and Department of Biomedical Engineering (K.S.M.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Mei Zhang
- From the Departments of Medicine (J.A.C., K.H.C., V.A.L., M.O., M.Z., Z.Y.), Pharmacology (Z.Y.), Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics (Z.Y.), Center for Skeletal Muscle Research at the Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (J.A.C., K.H.C., V.A.L., M.O., M.Z., Z.Y.), and Department of Biomedical Engineering (K.S.M.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Zhen Yan
- From the Departments of Medicine (J.A.C., K.H.C., V.A.L., M.O., M.Z., Z.Y.), Pharmacology (Z.Y.), Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics (Z.Y.), Center for Skeletal Muscle Research at the Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (J.A.C., K.H.C., V.A.L., M.O., M.Z., Z.Y.), and Department of Biomedical Engineering (K.S.M.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Aerobic exercise training prevents heart failure-induced skeletal muscle atrophy by anti-catabolic, but not anabolic actions. PLoS One 2014; 9:e110020. [PMID: 25330387 PMCID: PMC4201522 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 09/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Heart failure (HF) is associated with cachexia and consequent exercise intolerance. Given the beneficial effects of aerobic exercise training (ET) in HF, the aim of this study was to determine if the ET performed during the transition from cardiac dysfunction to HF would alter the expression of anabolic and catabolic factors, thus preventing skeletal muscle wasting. Methods and Results We employed ascending aortic stenosis (AS) inducing HF in Wistar male rats. Controls were sham-operated animals. At 18 weeks after surgery, rats with cardiac dysfunction were randomized to 10 weeks of aerobic ET (AS-ET) or to an untrained group (AS-UN). At 28 weeks, the AS-UN group presented HF signs in conjunction with high TNF-α serum levels; soleus and plantaris muscle atrophy; and an increase in the expression of TNF-α, NFκB (p65), MAFbx, MuRF1, FoxO1, and myostatin catabolic factors. However, in the AS-ET group, the deterioration of cardiac function was prevented, as well as muscle wasting, and the atrophy promoters were decreased. Interestingly, changes in anabolic factor expression (IGF-I, AKT, and mTOR) were not observed. Nevertheless, in the plantaris muscle, ET maintained high PGC1α levels. Conclusions Thus, the ET capability to attenuate cardiac function during the transition from cardiac dysfunction to HF was accompanied by a prevention of skeletal muscle atrophy that did not occur via an increase in anabolic factors, but through anti-catabolic activity, presumably caused by PGC1α action. These findings indicate the therapeutic potential of aerobic ET to block HF-induced muscle atrophy by counteracting the increased catabolic state.
Collapse
|
34
|
Morales MG, Abrigo J, Meneses C, Cisternas F, Simon F, Cabello-Verrugio C. Expression of the Mas receptor is upregulated in skeletal muscle wasting. Histochem Cell Biol 2014; 143:131-41. [DOI: 10.1007/s00418-014-1275-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
35
|
NADPH oxidase hyperactivity induces plantaris atrophy in heart failure rats. Int J Cardiol 2014; 175:499-507. [PMID: 25023789 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2014.06.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Revised: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skeletal muscle wasting is associated with poor prognosis and increased mortality in heart failure (HF) patients. Glycolytic muscles are more susceptible to catabolic wasting than oxidative ones. This is particularly important in HF since glycolytic muscle wasting is associated with increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, the main ROS sources involved in muscle redox imbalance in HF have not been characterized. Therefore, we hypothesized that NADPH oxidases would be hyperactivated in the plantaris muscle of infarcted rats, contributing to oxidative stress and hyperactivation of the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), ultimately leading to atrophy. METHODS Rats were submitted to myocardial infarction (MI) or Sham surgery. Four weeks after surgery, MI and Sham groups underwent eight weeks of treatment with apocynin, a NADPH oxidase inhibitor, or placebo. NADPH oxidase activity, oxidative stress markers, NF-κB activity, p38 MAPK phosphorylation, mRNA and sarcolemmal protein levels of NADPH oxidase components, UPS activation and fiber cross-sectional area were assessed in the plantaris muscle. RESULTS The plantaris of MI rats displayed atrophy associated with increased Nox2 mRNA and sarcolemmal protein levels, NADPH oxidase activity, ROS production, lipid hydroperoxides levels, NF-κB activity, p38 MAPK phosphorylation and UPS activation. NADPH oxidase inhibition by apocynin prevented MI-induced skeletal muscle atrophy by reducing ROS production, NF-κB hyperactivation, p38 MAPK phosphorylation and proteasomal hyperactivity. CONCLUSION Our data provide evidence for NADPH oxidase hyperactivation as an important source of ROS production leading to plantaris atrophy in heart failure rats, suggesting that this enzyme complex plays key role in skeletal muscle wasting in HF.
Collapse
|
36
|
Moore CD, Crocker DE, Fahlman A, Moore MJ, Willoughby DS, Robbins KA, Kanatous SB, Trumble SJ. Ontogenetic changes in skeletal muscle fiber type, fiber diameter and myoglobin concentration in the Northern elephant seal (Mirounga angustirostris). Front Physiol 2014; 5:217. [PMID: 24959151 PMCID: PMC4050301 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2014.00217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Northern elephant seals (Mirounga angustirostris) (NES) are known to be deep, long-duration divers and to sustain long-repeated patterns of breath-hold, or apnea. Some phocid dives remain within the bounds of aerobic metabolism, accompanied by physiological responses inducing lung compression, bradycardia, and peripheral vasoconstriction. Current data suggest an absence of type IIb fibers in pinniped locomotory musculature. To date, no fiber type data exist for NES, a consummate deep diver. In this study, NES were biopsied in the wild. Ontogenetic changes in skeletal muscle were revealed through succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) based fiber typing. Results indicated a predominance of uniformly shaped, large type I fibers and elevated myoglobin (Mb) concentrations in the longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle of adults. No type II muscle fibers were detected in any adult sampled. This was in contrast to the juvenile animals that demonstrated type II myosin in Western Blot analysis, indicative of an ontogenetic change in skeletal muscle with maturation. These data support previous hypotheses that the absence of type II fibers indicates reliance on aerobic metabolism during dives, as well as a depressed metabolic rate and low energy locomotion. We also suggest that the lack of type IIb fibers (adults) may provide a protection against ischemia reperfusion (IR) injury in vasoconstricted peripheral skeletal muscle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Colby D Moore
- Department of Biology, Baylor University Waco, TX, USA
| | - Daniel E Crocker
- Department of Biology, Sonoma State University Rohnert Park, CA, USA
| | - Andreas Fahlman
- Department of Life Sciences, Texas A&M University Corpus Christi, TX, USA
| | - Michael J Moore
- Department of Biology, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Woods Hole, MA, USA
| | - Darryn S Willoughby
- Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, Baylor University Waco, TX, USA
| | | | - Shane B Kanatous
- Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Colorado State University Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Okutsu M, Call JA, Lira VA, Zhang M, Donet JA, French BA, Martin KS, Peirce-Cottler SM, Rembold CM, Annex BH, Yan Z. Extracellular superoxide dismutase ameliorates skeletal muscle abnormalities, cachexia, and exercise intolerance in mice with congestive heart failure. Circ Heart Fail 2014; 7:519-30. [PMID: 24523418 DOI: 10.1161/circheartfailure.113.000841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Congestive heart failure (CHF) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality, and oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathogenesis of cachexia (muscle wasting) and the hallmark symptom, exercise intolerance. We have previously shown that a nitric oxide-dependent antioxidant defense renders oxidative skeletal muscle resistant to catabolic wasting. Here, we aimed to identify and determine the functional role of nitric oxide-inducible antioxidant enzyme(s) in protection against cardiac cachexia and exercise intolerance in CHF. METHODS AND RESULTS We demonstrated that systemic administration of endogenous nitric oxide donor S-nitrosoglutathione in mice blocked the reduction of extracellular superoxide dismutase (EcSOD) protein expression, as well as the induction of MAFbx/Atrogin-1 mRNA expression and muscle atrophy induced by glucocorticoid. We further showed that endogenous EcSOD, expressed primarily by type IId/x and IIa myofibers and enriched at endothelial cells, is induced by exercise training. Muscle-specific overexpression of EcSOD by somatic gene transfer or transgenesis (muscle creatine kinase [MCK]-EcSOD) in mice significantly attenuated muscle atrophy. Importantly, when crossbred into a mouse genetic model of CHF (α-myosin heavy chain-calsequestrin), MCK-EcSOD transgenic mice had significant attenuation of cachexia with preserved whole body muscle strength and endurance capacity in the absence of reduced HF. Enhanced EcSOD expression significantly ameliorated CHF-induced oxidative stress, MAFbx/Atrogin-1 mRNA expression, loss of mitochondria, and vascular rarefaction in skeletal muscle. CONCLUSIONS EcSOD plays an important antioxidant defense function in skeletal muscle against cardiac cachexia and exercise intolerance in CHF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuharu Okutsu
- From the Departments of Medicine (M.O., J.A.C., V.A.L., M.Z., J.A.D., C.M.R., B.H.A., Z.Y.), Pharmacology (Z.Y.), and Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics (Z.Y.), Center for Skeletal Muscle Research (M.O., J.A.C., V.A.L., M.Z., J.A.D., Z.Y.), Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA; and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA (B.A.F., K.S.M., S.M.P.-C.)
| | - Jarrod A Call
- From the Departments of Medicine (M.O., J.A.C., V.A.L., M.Z., J.A.D., C.M.R., B.H.A., Z.Y.), Pharmacology (Z.Y.), and Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics (Z.Y.), Center for Skeletal Muscle Research (M.O., J.A.C., V.A.L., M.Z., J.A.D., Z.Y.), Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA; and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA (B.A.F., K.S.M., S.M.P.-C.)
| | - Vitor A Lira
- From the Departments of Medicine (M.O., J.A.C., V.A.L., M.Z., J.A.D., C.M.R., B.H.A., Z.Y.), Pharmacology (Z.Y.), and Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics (Z.Y.), Center for Skeletal Muscle Research (M.O., J.A.C., V.A.L., M.Z., J.A.D., Z.Y.), Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA; and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA (B.A.F., K.S.M., S.M.P.-C.)
| | - Mei Zhang
- From the Departments of Medicine (M.O., J.A.C., V.A.L., M.Z., J.A.D., C.M.R., B.H.A., Z.Y.), Pharmacology (Z.Y.), and Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics (Z.Y.), Center for Skeletal Muscle Research (M.O., J.A.C., V.A.L., M.Z., J.A.D., Z.Y.), Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA; and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA (B.A.F., K.S.M., S.M.P.-C.)
| | - Jean A Donet
- From the Departments of Medicine (M.O., J.A.C., V.A.L., M.Z., J.A.D., C.M.R., B.H.A., Z.Y.), Pharmacology (Z.Y.), and Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics (Z.Y.), Center for Skeletal Muscle Research (M.O., J.A.C., V.A.L., M.Z., J.A.D., Z.Y.), Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA; and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA (B.A.F., K.S.M., S.M.P.-C.)
| | - Brent A French
- From the Departments of Medicine (M.O., J.A.C., V.A.L., M.Z., J.A.D., C.M.R., B.H.A., Z.Y.), Pharmacology (Z.Y.), and Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics (Z.Y.), Center for Skeletal Muscle Research (M.O., J.A.C., V.A.L., M.Z., J.A.D., Z.Y.), Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA; and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA (B.A.F., K.S.M., S.M.P.-C.)
| | - Kyle S Martin
- From the Departments of Medicine (M.O., J.A.C., V.A.L., M.Z., J.A.D., C.M.R., B.H.A., Z.Y.), Pharmacology (Z.Y.), and Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics (Z.Y.), Center for Skeletal Muscle Research (M.O., J.A.C., V.A.L., M.Z., J.A.D., Z.Y.), Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA; and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA (B.A.F., K.S.M., S.M.P.-C.)
| | - Shayn M Peirce-Cottler
- From the Departments of Medicine (M.O., J.A.C., V.A.L., M.Z., J.A.D., C.M.R., B.H.A., Z.Y.), Pharmacology (Z.Y.), and Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics (Z.Y.), Center for Skeletal Muscle Research (M.O., J.A.C., V.A.L., M.Z., J.A.D., Z.Y.), Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA; and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA (B.A.F., K.S.M., S.M.P.-C.)
| | - Christopher M Rembold
- From the Departments of Medicine (M.O., J.A.C., V.A.L., M.Z., J.A.D., C.M.R., B.H.A., Z.Y.), Pharmacology (Z.Y.), and Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics (Z.Y.), Center for Skeletal Muscle Research (M.O., J.A.C., V.A.L., M.Z., J.A.D., Z.Y.), Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA; and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA (B.A.F., K.S.M., S.M.P.-C.)
| | - Brian H Annex
- From the Departments of Medicine (M.O., J.A.C., V.A.L., M.Z., J.A.D., C.M.R., B.H.A., Z.Y.), Pharmacology (Z.Y.), and Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics (Z.Y.), Center for Skeletal Muscle Research (M.O., J.A.C., V.A.L., M.Z., J.A.D., Z.Y.), Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA; and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA (B.A.F., K.S.M., S.M.P.-C.)
| | - Zhen Yan
- From the Departments of Medicine (M.O., J.A.C., V.A.L., M.Z., J.A.D., C.M.R., B.H.A., Z.Y.), Pharmacology (Z.Y.), and Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics (Z.Y.), Center for Skeletal Muscle Research (M.O., J.A.C., V.A.L., M.Z., J.A.D., Z.Y.), Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA; and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA (B.A.F., K.S.M., S.M.P.-C.).
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Thibault R, Chanséaume S, Azarnoush K, Guillet C, Giraudet C, Patrac V, Lusson JR, Cano N, Boirie Y, Walrand S. Mitochondrial protein synthesis is increased in oxidative skeletal muscles of rats with cardiac cachexia. Nutr Res 2014; 34:250-7. [PMID: 24655492 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2013.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2013] [Revised: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 12/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Since cardiac cachexia could be associated with alterations in muscular mitochondrial metabolism, we hypothesized that the expected alterations in the activities of mitochondrial oxidative enzymes could be associated with changes in mitochondrial protein synthesis in oxidative skeletal muscles. Cardiac cachexia was provoked in male rats by the ligation of the left coronary artery. Six cachectic and 6 control rats were age-paired, and their food intake was observed. The synthesis of mitochondrial proteins was measured by [1-13C]-valine infusion in soleus, tibilais, myocardium, and liver. Muscles (soleus, gastrocnemius, and tibialis anterior), heart, kidneys, liver, and visceral adipose tissue were weighed. Mitochondrial cytochrome c oxydase IV as well as citrate synthase and myosin ATPase activities were measured. As expected, decreased food intake was observed in the cachectic group. Heart, kidney, and liver weights were higher in the cachectic group, while the visceral adipose tissue weight was lower (P < .01). No changes in muscle weights were observed. Soleus mitochondrial proteins fractional synthesis rate was higher in the cachectic group (P = .054). Cytochrome c oxydase IV activity was reduced (P = .009) and increased (P = .038) in the soleus and liver of the cachectic rats, respectively. No change in citrate synthase activity was observed. Myosin ATPase activity was reduced in the gastrocnemius of the cachectic group (P < .01). Mitochondrial protein synthesis is increased in the soleus of rats with cardiac cachexia, suggesting a compensatory mechanism of the impaired oxidative mitochondrial function. Further work should assess whether the mitochondrial protein synthesis is altered in chronic heart failure patients with cardiac cachexia, and whether this is the cause or the consequence of cachexia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ronan Thibault
- Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, BP 10448, F-63000 CLERMONT-FERRAND, Cedex, France; INRA, UMR 1019, UNH, CRNH Auvergne, F-63000 CLERMONT-FERRAND, Cedex, France; CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Service de Nutrition Clinique, F-63003 CLERMONT-FERRAND, Cedex, France; Nutrition Unit, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sylvain Chanséaume
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Service de Cardiologie, F-63003 CLERMONT-FERRAND, Cedex, France
| | - Kasra Azarnoush
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Service de Chirurgie Vasculaire, F-63003 CLERMONT-FERRAND, Cedex, France
| | - Christelle Guillet
- Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, BP 10448, F-63000 CLERMONT-FERRAND, Cedex, France; INRA, UMR 1019, UNH, CRNH Auvergne, F-63000 CLERMONT-FERRAND, Cedex, France
| | - Christophe Giraudet
- Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, BP 10448, F-63000 CLERMONT-FERRAND, Cedex, France; INRA, UMR 1019, UNH, CRNH Auvergne, F-63000 CLERMONT-FERRAND, Cedex, France
| | - Véronique Patrac
- Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, BP 10448, F-63000 CLERMONT-FERRAND, Cedex, France; INRA, UMR 1019, UNH, CRNH Auvergne, F-63000 CLERMONT-FERRAND, Cedex, France
| | | | - Noël Cano
- Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, BP 10448, F-63000 CLERMONT-FERRAND, Cedex, France; INRA, UMR 1019, UNH, CRNH Auvergne, F-63000 CLERMONT-FERRAND, Cedex, France; CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Service de Nutrition Clinique, F-63003 CLERMONT-FERRAND, Cedex, France
| | - Yves Boirie
- Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, BP 10448, F-63000 CLERMONT-FERRAND, Cedex, France; INRA, UMR 1019, UNH, CRNH Auvergne, F-63000 CLERMONT-FERRAND, Cedex, France; CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Service de Nutrition Clinique, F-63003 CLERMONT-FERRAND, Cedex, France
| | - Stéphane Walrand
- Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, BP 10448, F-63000 CLERMONT-FERRAND, Cedex, France; INRA, UMR 1019, UNH, CRNH Auvergne, F-63000 CLERMONT-FERRAND, Cedex, France.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Chen W, Lv YT, Zhang HX, Ruan D, Wang S, Lin YC. Developmental specificity in skeletal muscle of late-term avian embryos and its potential manipulation. Poult Sci 2013; 92:2754-64. [PMID: 24046424 DOI: 10.3382/ps.2013-03099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Unlike the mammalian fetus, development of the avian embryo is independent of the maternal uterus and is potentially vulnerable to physiological and environmental stresses close to hatch. In contrast to the fetus of late gestation in mammals, skeletal muscle in avian embryos during final incubation shows differential developmental characteristics: 1) muscle mobilization (also called atrophy) is selectively enhanced in the type II fibers (pectoral muscle) but not in the type I fibers (biceps femoris and semimembranosus muscle), involving activation of ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation and suppression of S6K1-mediated protein translation; 2) the proliferative activity of satellite cells is decreased in the atrophied muscle of late-term embryos but enhanced at the day of hatch, probably preparing for the postnatal growth. The mobilization of muscle may represent an adaptive response of avian embryos to external (environmental) or internal (physiological) changes, considering there are developmental transitions both in hormones and requirements for glycolytic substrates from middle-term to late-term incubation. Although the exact mechanism triggering muscle fiber atrophy is still unknown, nutritional and endocrine changes may be of importance. The atrophied muscle fiber recovers as soon as feed and water are available to the hatchling. In ovo feeding of late-term embryos has been applied to improve the nutritional status and therein enhances muscle development. Similarly, in ovo exposure to higher temperature or green light during the critical period of muscle development are also demonstrated to be potential strategies to promote pre- and posthatch muscle growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W Chen
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Gagnon B, Murphy J, Jelowicki M, Morris DV. The effect of severe androgen deficiency on physical function in male patients with cancer. J Pain Symptom Manage 2013; 45:892-900. [PMID: 23102563 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2012.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2012] [Accepted: 05/21/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Low circulating testosterone concentrations are commonly observed in male patients with cancer and have been shown to be associated with weight loss and increased severity of many symptoms, including fatigue and weakness. OBJECTIVES The aim of the present study was to determine the extent to which testosterone deficiency is associated with poor physical function in male patients with nonhormonal cancers. METHODS We measured serum free testosterone concentration in 101 male patients with cancer evaluated at a nutrition-rehabilitation clinic and performed univariate and multivariate linear regression analyses to assess the effect of a free testosterone concentration in the lowest quartile on six-minute walk distance (6-MWD) (n=100) and maximal gait speed (n=49). RESULTS In the univariate analyses, patients in the lowest free testosterone quartile had a 6-MWD that was 96 m (95% CI 51, 141) less and a maximal gait speed that was 0.26 m/second (95% CI 0.06, 0.47) slower on average than patients in the upper three free testosterone quartiles. When controlling for other demographic, clinical, and biological factors, a free testosterone concentration in the lowest quartile was associated, on average, with a 51 m (95% CI 44, 97) lower 6-MWD but did not affect maximal gait speed. CONCLUSION The present study shows that in male patients with cancer, an extremely low serum free testosterone concentration is independently associated with 6-MWD but not maximal gait speed. Hence, a severe testosterone deficiency may impair their ability to perform sustained activity, but to a lesser degree, short bursts of activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Gagnon
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Moreira JBN, Bechara LRG, Bozi LHM, Jannig PR, Monteiro AWA, Dourado PM, Wisløff U, Brum PC. High- versus moderate-intensity aerobic exercise training effects on skeletal muscle of infarcted rats. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2013; 114:1029-41. [DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00760.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Poor skeletal muscle performance was shown to strongly predict mortality and long-term prognosis in a variety of diseases, including heart failure (HF). Despite the known benefits of aerobic exercise training (AET) in improving the skeletal muscle phenotype in HF, the optimal exercise intensity to elicit maximal outcomes is still under debate. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to compare the effects of high-intensity AET with those of a moderate-intensity protocol on skeletal muscle of infarcted rats. Wistar rats underwent myocardial infarction (MI) or sham surgery. MI groups were submitted either to an untrained (MI-UNT); moderate-intensity (MI-CMT, 60% V̇o2 max); or matched volume, high-intensity AET (MI-HIT, intervals at 85% V̇o2 max) protocol. High-intensity AET (HIT) was superior to moderate-intensity AET (CMT) in improving aerobic capacity, assessed by treadmill running tests. Cardiac contractile function, measured by echocardiography, was equally improved by both AET protocols. CMT and HIT prevented the MI-induced decay of skeletal muscle citrate synthase and hexokinase maximal activities, and increased glycogen content, without significant differences between protocols. Similar improvements in skeletal muscle redox balance and deactivation of the ubiquitin-proteasome system were also observed after CMT and HIT. Such intracellular findings were accompanied by prevented skeletal muscle atrophy in both MI-CMT and MI-HIT groups, whereas no major differences were observed between protocols. Taken together, our data suggest that despite superior effects of HIT in improving functional capacity, skeletal muscle adaptations were remarkably similar among protocols, leading to the conclusion that skeletal myopathy in infarcted rats was equally prevented by either moderate-intensity or high-intensity AET.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José B. N. Moreira
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Luiz R. G. Bechara
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Luiz H. M. Bozi
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo R. Jannig
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Alex W. A. Monteiro
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo M. Dourado
- Heart Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; and
| | - Ulrik Wisløff
- K.G. Jebsen Center of Exercise in Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Patricia C. Brum
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Renin-angiotensin system blockade: a novel therapeutic approach in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Clin Sci (Lond) 2012; 123:487-98. [PMID: 22757959 DOI: 10.1042/cs20120081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
ACE (angiotensin-converting enzyme) inhibitors and ARBs (angiotensin II receptor blockers) are already widely used for the treatment and prevention of cardiovascular disease and their potential role in other disease states has become increasingly recognized. COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) is characterized by pathological inflammatory processes involving the lung parenchyma, airways and vascular bed. The aim of the present review is to outline the role of the RAS (renin-angiotensin system) in the pathogenesis of COPD, including reference to results from fibrotic lung conditions and pulmonary hypertension. The review will, in particular, address the emerging evidence that ACE inhibition could have a beneficial effect on skeletal muscle function and cardiovascular co-morbidity in COPD patients. The evidence to support the effect of RAS blockade as a novel therapeutic approach in COPD will be discussed.
Collapse
|
43
|
Systemic vascular function is associated with muscular power in older adults. J Aging Res 2012; 2012:386387. [PMID: 22966457 PMCID: PMC3433136 DOI: 10.1155/2012/386387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2012] [Revised: 06/23/2012] [Accepted: 07/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-associated loss of muscular strength and muscular power is a critical determinant of loss of physical function and progression to disability in older adults. In this study, we examined the association of systemic vascular function and measures of muscle strength and power in older adults. Measures of vascular endothelial function included brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and the pulse wave amplitude reactive hyperemia index (PWA-RHI). Augmentation index (AIx) was taken as a measure of systemic vascular function related to arterial stiffness and wave reflection. Measures of muscular strength included one repetition maximum (1RM) for a bilateral leg press. Peak muscular power was measured during 5 repetitions performed as fast as possible for bilateral leg press at 40% 1RM. Muscular power was associated with brachial FMD (r = 0.43, P < 0.05), PWA-RHI (r = 0.42, P < 0.05), and AIx (r = -0.54, P < 0.05). Muscular strength was not associated with any measure of vascular function. In conclusion, systemic vascular function is associated with lower-limb muscular power but not muscular strength in older adults. Whether loss of muscular power with aging contributes to systemic vascular deconditioning or vascular dysfunction contributes to decrements in muscular power remains to be determined.
Collapse
|
44
|
White JP, Puppa MJ, Sato S, Gao S, Price RL, Baynes JW, Kostek MC, Matesic LE, Carson JA. IL-6 regulation on skeletal muscle mitochondrial remodeling during cancer cachexia in the ApcMin/+ mouse. Skelet Muscle 2012; 2:14. [PMID: 22769563 PMCID: PMC3431229 DOI: 10.1186/2044-5040-2-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2012] [Accepted: 07/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Muscle protein turnover regulation during cancer cachexia is being rapidly defined, and skeletal muscle mitochondria function appears coupled to processes regulating muscle wasting. Skeletal muscle oxidative capacity and the expression of proteins regulating mitochondrial biogenesis and dynamics are disrupted in severely cachectic ApcMin/+ mice. It has not been determined if these changes occur at the onset of cachexia and are necessary for the progression of muscle wasting. Exercise and anti-cytokine therapies have proven effective in preventing cachexia development in tumor bearing mice, while their effect on mitochondrial content, biogenesis and dynamics is not well understood. The purposes of this study were to 1) determine IL-6 regulation on mitochondrial remodeling/dysfunction during the progression of cancer cachexia and 2) to determine if exercise training can attenuate mitochondrial dysfunction and the induction of proteolytic pathways during IL-6 induced cancer cachexia. METHODS ApcMin/+ mice were examined during the progression of cachexia, after systemic interleukin (IL)-6r antibody treatment, or after IL-6 over-expression with or without exercise. Direct effects of IL-6 on mitochondrial remodeling were examined in cultured C2C12 myoblasts. RESULTS Mitochondrial content was not reduced during the initial development of cachexia, while muscle PGC-1α and fusion (Mfn1, Mfn2) protein expression was repressed. With progressive weight loss mitochondrial content decreased, PGC-1α and fusion proteins were further suppressed, and fission protein (FIS1) was induced. IL-6 receptor antibody administration after the onset of cachexia improved mitochondrial content, PGC-1α, Mfn1/Mfn2 and FIS1 protein expression. IL-6 over-expression in pre-cachectic mice accelerated body weight loss and muscle wasting, without reducing mitochondrial content, while PGC-1α and Mfn1/Mfn2 protein expression was suppressed and FIS1 protein expression induced. Exercise normalized these IL-6 induced effects. C2C12 myotubes administered IL-6 had increased FIS1 protein expression, increased oxidative stress, and reduced PGC-1α gene expression without altered mitochondrial protein expression. CONCLUSIONS Altered expression of proteins regulating mitochondrial biogenesis and fusion are early events in the initiation of cachexia regulated by IL-6, which precede the loss of muscle mitochondrial content. Furthermore, IL-6 induced mitochondrial remodeling and proteolysis can be rescued with moderate exercise training even in the presence of high circulating IL-6 levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James P White
- Integrative Muscle Biology Laboratory, Exercise Science Department, Columbia, SC, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Bae SK, Cha HN, Ju TJ, Kim YW, Kim HS, Kim YD, Dan JM, Kim JY, Kim SD, Park SY. Deficiency of inducible nitric oxide synthase attenuates immobilization-induced skeletal muscle atrophy in mice. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2012; 113:114-23. [DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00431.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study examined the effects of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) deficiency on skeletal muscle atrophy in single leg-immobilized iNOS knockout (KO) and wild-type (WT) mice. The left leg was immobilized for 1 wk, and the right leg was used as the control. Muscle weight and contraction-stimulated glucose uptake were reduced by immobilization in WT mice, which was accompanied with increased iNOS expression in skeletal muscle. Deficiency of iNOS attenuated muscle weight loss and the reduction in contraction-stimulated glucose uptake by immobilization. Phosphorylation of Akt, mTOR, and p70S6K was reduced to a similar extent by immobilization in both WT and iNOS KO mice. Immobilization decreased FoxO1 phosphorylation and increased mRNA and protein levels of MuRF1 and atrogin-1 in WT mice, which were attenuated in iNOS KO mice. Aconitase and superoxide dismutase activities were reduced by immobilization in WT mice, and deficiency of iNOS normalized these enzyme activities. Increased nitrotyrosine and carbonylated protein levels by immobilization in WT mice were reversed in iNOS KO mice. Phosphorylation of ERK and p38 was increased by immobilization in WT mice, which was reduced in iNOS KO mice. Immobilization-induced muscle atrophy was also attenuated by an iNOS-specific inhibitor N6-(1-iminoethyl)-l-lysine, and this finding was accompanied by increased FoxO1 phosphorylation and reduced MuRF1 and atrogin-1 levels. These results suggest that deficiency of iNOS attenuates immobilization-induced skeletal muscle atrophy through reduced oxidative stress, and iNOS-induced oxidative stress may be required for immobilization-induced skeletal muscle atrophy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hey-Na Cha
- Department of Physiology,
- Aging-Associated Vascular Disease Research Center,
| | - Tae-Jin Ju
- Department of Physiology,
- Aging-Associated Vascular Disease Research Center,
| | | | | | - Yong-Dae Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Korea; and
| | - Jin-Myoung Dan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Gumi CHA University Hospital, Gumi, Korea
| | | | | | - So-Young Park
- Department of Physiology,
- Aging-Associated Vascular Disease Research Center,
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Sakuma K, Yamaguchi A. Sarcopenia and cachexia: the adaptations of negative regulators of skeletal muscle mass. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2012; 3:77-94. [PMID: 22476916 PMCID: PMC3374017 DOI: 10.1007/s13539-011-0052-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2011] [Accepted: 11/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in our understanding of the biology of muscle, and how anabolic and catabolic stimuli interact to control muscle mass and function, have led to new interest in the pharmacological treatment of muscle wasting. Loss of muscle occurs as a consequence of several chronic diseases (cachexia) as well as normal aging (sarcopenia). Although many negative regulators [Atrogin-1, muscle ring finger-1, nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB), myostatin, etc.] have been proposed to enhance protein degradation during both sarcopenia and cachexia, the adaptation of mediators markedly differs among these conditions. Sarcopenic and cachectic muscles have been demonstrated to be abundant in myostatin- and apoptosis-linked molecules. The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is activated during many different types of cachexia (cancer cachexia, cardiac heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease), but not many mediators of the UPS change during sarcopenia. NF-κB signaling is activated in cachectic, but not in sarcopenic, muscle. Some studies have indicated a change of autophagic signaling during both sarcopenia and cachexia, but the adaptation remains to be elucidated. This review provides an overview of the adaptive changes in negative regulators of muscle mass in both sarcopenia and cachexia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kunihiro Sakuma
- Research Center for Physical Fitness, Sports and Health, Toyohashi University of Technology, 1-1 Hibarigaoka, Tenpaku-cho, Toyohashi, 441-8580, Japan,
| | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Sandonà D, Desaphy JF, Camerino GM, Bianchini E, Ciciliot S, Danieli-Betto D, Dobrowolny G, Furlan S, Germinario E, Goto K, Gutsmann M, Kawano F, Nakai N, Ohira T, Ohno Y, Picard A, Salanova M, Schiffl G, Blottner D, Musarò A, Ohira Y, Betto R, Conte D, Schiaffino S. Adaptation of mouse skeletal muscle to long-term microgravity in the MDS mission. PLoS One 2012; 7:e33232. [PMID: 22470446 PMCID: PMC3314659 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0033232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2011] [Accepted: 02/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of microgravity on skeletal muscles has so far been examined in rat and mice only after short-term (5–20 day) spaceflights. The mice drawer system (MDS) program, sponsored by Italian Space Agency, for the first time aimed to investigate the consequences of long-term (91 days) exposure to microgravity in mice within the International Space Station. Muscle atrophy was present indistinctly in all fiber types of the slow-twitch soleus muscle, but was only slightly greater than that observed after 20 days of spaceflight. Myosin heavy chain analysis indicated a concomitant slow-to-fast transition of soleus. In addition, spaceflight induced translocation of sarcolemmal nitric oxide synthase-1 (NOS1) into the cytosol in soleus but not in the fast-twitch extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle. Most of the sarcolemmal ion channel subunits were up-regulated, more in soleus than EDL, whereas Ca2+-activated K+ channels were down-regulated, consistent with the phenotype transition. Gene expression of the atrophy-related ubiquitin-ligases was up-regulated in both spaceflown soleus and EDL muscles, whereas autophagy genes were in the control range. Muscle-specific IGF-1 and interleukin-6 were down-regulated in soleus but up-regulated in EDL. Also, various stress-related genes were up-regulated in spaceflown EDL, not in soleus. Altogether, these results suggest that EDL muscle may resist to microgravity-induced atrophy by activating compensatory and protective pathways. Our study shows the extended sensitivity of antigravity soleus muscle after prolonged exposition to microgravity, suggests possible mechanisms accounting for the resistance of EDL, and individuates some molecular targets for the development of countermeasures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dorianna Sandonà
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Giulia M. Camerino
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacobiology, University of Bari, Italy
| | - Elisa Bianchini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Stefano Ciciliot
- Department of Human Anatomy and Physiology, University of Padova, Italy
| | | | - Gabriella Dobrowolny
- DAHFMO-Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Sapienza University, IIM, Rome, Italy
| | - Sandra Furlan
- National Research Council, Institute of Neuroscience, Padova, Italy
| | - Elena Germinario
- Department of Human Anatomy and Physiology, University of Padova, Italy
| | - Katsumasa Goto
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Toyohashi Sozo University, Toyohashi-shi, Aichi, Japan
| | - Martina Gutsmann
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Vegetative Anatomy and Zentrum für Weltraummedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Fuminori Kawano
- Graduate School of Medicine and Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Japan
| | - Naoya Nakai
- Graduate School of Medicine and Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Japan
| | - Takashi Ohira
- Graduate School of Medicine and Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Ohno
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Toyohashi Sozo University, Toyohashi-shi, Aichi, Japan
| | - Anne Picard
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Michele Salanova
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Vegetative Anatomy and Zentrum für Weltraummedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gudrun Schiffl
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Vegetative Anatomy and Zentrum für Weltraummedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dieter Blottner
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Vegetative Anatomy and Zentrum für Weltraummedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Antonio Musarò
- DAHFMO-Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Sapienza University, IIM, Rome, Italy
| | - Yoshinobu Ohira
- Graduate School of Medicine and Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Japan
| | - Romeo Betto
- National Research Council, Institute of Neuroscience, Padova, Italy
- * E-mail: (RB); (DC); (SS)
| | - Diana Conte
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacobiology, University of Bari, Italy
- * E-mail: (RB); (DC); (SS)
| | - Stefano Schiaffino
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
- * E-mail: (RB); (DC); (SS)
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Bailey CE, Hammers DW, Deford JH, Dimayuga VL, Amaning JK, Farrar R, Papaconstantinou J. Ishemia-reperfusion enhances GAPDH nitration in aging skeletal muscle. Aging (Albany NY) 2012; 3:1003-17. [PMID: 22027257 PMCID: PMC3229964 DOI: 10.18632/aging.100394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Aging and skeletal muscle ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury leads to decreased contractile force generation that increases severely with age. Our studies show that glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) protein expression is significantly decreased at 3 and 5 days reperfusion in the young mouse muscle and at 1, 3, 5, and 7 days in the aged muscle. Using PCR, we have shown that GAPDH mRNA levels in young and old muscle increase at 5 days reperfusion compared to control, suggesting that the protein deficit is not transcriptional. Furthermore, while total tyrosine nitration did not increase in the young muscle, GAPDH nitration increased significantly at 1 and 3 days reperfusion. In contrast, total tyrosine nitration in aged muscle increased significantly at 1, 3, and 5 days of reperfusion, with increases in GAPDH nitration at the same time points. We conclude that GAPDH protein levels decrease following I/R, that this is not transcriptionally mediated, that the aged muscle experiences greater oxidative stress, protein modification and GAPDH degradation, possibly contributing to decreased muscle function. We propose that tyrosine nitration enhances GAPDH degradation following I/R and that the persistent decrease of GAPDH in aged muscle is due to the prolonged increase in oxidative modification in this age group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Eric Bailey
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Flisinski M, Brymora A, Bartlomiejczyk I, Wisniewska E, Golda R, Stefanska A, Paczek L, Manitius J. Decreased Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1a in Gastrocnemius Muscle in Rats with Chronic Kidney Disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 35:608-18. [DOI: 10.1159/000339706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2010] [Accepted: 05/23/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
|
50
|
Freeman LM. Cachexia and sarcopenia: emerging syndromes of importance in dogs and cats. J Vet Intern Med 2011; 26:3-17. [PMID: 22111652 DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2011.00838.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2011] [Revised: 09/29/2011] [Accepted: 10/12/2011] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cachexia is the loss of lean body mass (LBM) that affects a large proportion of dogs and cats with congestive heart failure (CHF), chronic kidney disease (CKD), cancer, and a variety of other chronic diseases. Sarcopenia, the loss of LBM that occurs with aging, is a related syndrome, although sarcopenia occurs in the absence of disease. As many of the diseases associated with muscle loss are more common in aging, cachexia and sarcopenia often are concurrent problems. Both cachexia and sarcopenia have important clinical implications because they are associated with increased morbidity and mortality. The pathophysiology of these 2 syndromes is complex and multifactorial, but recent studies have provided new information that has helped to clarify mechanisms and identify potential new targets for treatment. Newly identified mechanisms and pathways that mediate cachexia appear to act by increasing energy requirements, decreasing energy intake, impairing nutrient absorption, and causing metabolic alterations. Whereas cachexia and sarcopenia are important areas of research for drug development in people, they are only beginning to be recognized in veterinary medicine. Greater awareness and earlier diagnosis will help provide practical approaches to managing body weight and lean tissue in dogs and cats, as well as more directed targets for treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L M Freeman
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Tufts Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, North Grafton, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|