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Vendramini-Costa DB, Francescone R, Franco-Barraza J, Luong T, Graves M, de Aquino AM, Steele N, Gardiner JC, Dos Santos SAA, Ogier C, Malloy E, Borghaei L, Martinez E, Zhigarev DI, Tan Y, Lee H, Zhou Y, Cai KQ, Klein-Szanto AJ, Wang H, Andrake M, Dunbrack RL, Campbell K, Cukierman E. Netrin G1 Ligand is a new stromal immunomodulator that promotes pancreatic cancer. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.15.594354. [PMID: 38798370 PMCID: PMC11118300 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.15.594354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Understanding pancreatic cancer biology is fundamental for identifying new targets and for developing more effective therapies. In particular, the contribution of the stromal microenvironment to pancreatic cancer tumorigenesis requires further exploration. Here, we report the stromal roles of the synaptic protein Netrin G1 Ligand (NGL-1) in pancreatic cancer, uncovering its pro-tumor functions in cancer-associated fibroblasts and in immune cells. We observed that the stromal expression of NGL-1 inversely correlated with patients' overall survival. Moreover, germline knockout (KO) mice for NGL-1 presented decreased tumor burden, with a microenvironment that is less supportive of tumor growth. Of note, tumors from NGL-1 KO mice produced less immunosuppressive cytokines and displayed an increased percentage of CD8 + T cells than those from control mice, while preserving the physical structure of the tumor microenvironment. These effects were shown to be mediated by NGL-1 in both immune cells and in the local stroma, in a TGF-β-dependent manner. While myeloid cells lacking NGL-1 decreased the production of immunosuppressive cytokines, NGL-1 KO T cells showed increased proliferation rates and overall polyfunctionality compared to control T cells. CAFs lacking NGL-1 were less immunosuppressive than controls, with overall decreased production of pro-tumor cytokines and compromised ability to inhibit CD8 + T cells activation. Mechanistically, these CAFs downregulated components of the TGF-β pathway, AP-1 and NFAT transcription factor families, resulting in a less tumor-supportive phenotype. Finally, targeting NGL-1 genetically or using a functionally antagonistic small peptide phenocopied the effects of chemotherapy, while modulating the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME), rather than eliminating it. We propose NGL-1 as a new local stroma and immunomodulatory molecule, with pro-tumor roles in pancreatic cancer. Statement of Significance Here we uncovered the pro-tumor roles of the synaptic protein NGL-1 in the tumor microenvironment of pancreatic cancer, defining a new target that simultaneously modulates tumor cell, fibroblast, and immune cell functions. This study reports a new pathway where NGL-1 controls TGF-β, AP-1 transcription factor members and NFAT1, modulating the immunosuppressive microenvironment in pancreatic cancer. Our findings highlight NGL-1 as a new stromal immunomodulator in pancreatic cancer.
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Luong T, Cukierman E. Eribulin normalizes pancreatic cancer-associated fibroblasts by simulating selected features of TGFβ inhibition. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:1255. [PMID: 36461015 PMCID: PMC9719234 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-10330-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Less than 11% of pancreatic cancer patients survive 5-years post-diagnosis. The unique biology of pancreatic cancer includes a significant expansion of its desmoplastic tumor microenvironment, wherein cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and their self-produced extracellular matrix are key components. CAF functions are both tumor-supportive and tumor-suppressive, while normal fibroblastic cells are solely tumor-suppressive. Knowing that CAF-eliminating drugs are ineffective and can accelerate cancer progression, therapies that "normalize" CAF function are highly pursued. Eribulin is a well-tolerated anti-microtubule drug used to treat a plethora of neoplasias, including advanced/metastatic cancers. Importantly, eribulin can inhibit epithelial to mesenchymal transition via a mechanism akin to blocking pathways induced by transforming growth factor-beta (TGFβ). Notably, canonical TGFβ signaling also plays a pivotal role in CAF activation, which is necessary for the development and maintenance of desmoplasia. Hence, we hypothesized that eribulin could modulate, and perhaps "normalize" CAF function. METHODS To test this premise, we used a well-established in vivo-mimetic fibroblastic cell-derived extracellular matrix (CDM) system and gauged the effects of eribulin on human pancreatic CAFs and cancer cells. This pathophysiologic fibroblast/matrix functional unit was also used to query eribulin effects on CDM-regulated pancreatic cancer cell survival and invasive spread. RESULTS Demonstrated that intact CAF CDMs modestly restricted eribulin from obstructing pancreatic cancer cell growth. Nonetheless, eribulin-treated CAFs generated CDMs that limited nutrient-deprived pancreatic cancer cell survival, similar to reported tumor-suppressive CDMs generated by TGFβ-deficient CAFs. CONCLUSIONS Data from this study support the central proposed premise suggesting that eribulin could be used as a CAF/matrix-normalizing drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany Luong
- Cancer Signaling and Microenvironment, Marvin and Concetta Greenberg Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple Health, Philadelphia, PA, 19111, USA
| | - Edna Cukierman
- Cancer Signaling and Microenvironment, Marvin and Concetta Greenberg Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple Health, Philadelphia, PA, 19111, USA.
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Liotta L, Lange S, Maurer HC, Olive KP, Braren R, Pfarr N, Burger S, Muckenhuber A, Jesinghaus M, Steiger K, Weichert W, Friess H, Schmid R, Algül H, Jost PJ, Ramser J, Fischer C, Quante AS, Reichert M, Quante M. PALLD mutation in a European family conveys a stromal predisposition for familial pancreatic cancer. JCI Insight 2021; 6:141532. [PMID: 33764904 PMCID: PMC8119201 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.141532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDPancreatic cancer is one of the deadliest cancers, with low long-term survival rates. Despite recent advances in treatment, it is important to identify and screen high-risk individuals for cancer prevention. Familial pancreatic cancer (FPC) accounts for 4%-10% of pancreatic cancers. Several germline mutations are related to an increased risk and might offer screening and therapy options. In this study, we aimed to identity of a susceptibility gene in a family with FPC.METHODSWhole exome sequencing and PCR confirmation was performed on the surgical specimen and peripheral blood of an index patient and her sister in a family with high incidence of pancreatic cancer, to identify somatic and germline mutations associated with familial pancreatic cancer. Compartment-specific gene expression data and immunohistochemistry were also queried.RESULTSThe identical germline mutation of the PALLD gene (NM_001166108.1:c.G154A:p.D52N) was detected in the index patient with pancreatic cancer and the tumor tissue of her sister. Whole genome sequencing showed similar somatic mutation patterns between the 2 sisters. Apart from the PALLD mutation, commonly mutated genes that characterize pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma were found in both tumor samples. However, the 2 patients harbored different somatic KRAS mutations (G12D and G12V). Healthy siblings did not have the PALLD mutation, indicating a disease-specific impact. Compartment-specific gene expression data and IHC showed expression in cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs).CONCLUSIONWe identified a germline mutation of the palladin (PALLD) gene in 2 siblings in Europe, affected by familial pancreatic cancer, with a significant overexpression in CAFs, suggesting that stromal palladin could play a role in the development, maintenance, and/or progression of pancreatic cancer.FUNDINGDFG SFB 1321.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Liotta
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Sebastian Lange
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - H. Carlo Maurer
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kenneth P. Olive
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Rickmer Braren
- Institut für diagnostische und interventionelle Radiologie, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Nicole Pfarr
- Institut für Pathologie und pathologische Anatomie, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Sebastian Burger
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexander Muckenhuber
- Institut für Pathologie und pathologische Anatomie, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Moritz Jesinghaus
- Institut für Pathologie und pathologische Anatomie, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Katja Steiger
- Institut für Pathologie und pathologische Anatomie, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Wilko Weichert
- Institut für Pathologie und pathologische Anatomie, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Deutschen Konsortium für Translationale Krebsforschung (DKTK), Partner site Munich, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Helmut Friess
- Chirurgische Klinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Roland Schmid
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Hana Algül
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Philipp J. Jost
- Deutschen Konsortium für Translationale Krebsforschung (DKTK), Partner site Munich, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Innere Medizin III, Hämatologie und Onkologie, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Juliane Ramser
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Frauenheilkunde, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Christine Fischer
- Institut für Humangenetik, Ruprecht-Karls Universität, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anne S. Quante
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Frauenheilkunde, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Maximilian Reichert
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Deutschen Konsortium für Translationale Krebsforschung (DKTK), Partner site Munich, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Quante
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Deutschen Konsortium für Translationale Krebsforschung (DKTK), Partner site Munich, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Klinik für Innere Medizin II, Universität Freiburg, Germany
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Alexander JI, Vendramini-Costa DB, Francescone R, Luong T, Franco-Barraza J, Shah N, Gardiner JC, Nicolas E, Raghavan KS, Cukierman E. Palladin isoforms 3 and 4 regulate cancer-associated fibroblast pro-tumor functions in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3802. [PMID: 33589694 PMCID: PMC7884442 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82937-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has a five-year survival under 10%. Treatment is compromised due to a fibrotic-like stromal remodeling process, known as desmoplasia, which limits therapeutic perfusion, supports tumor progression, and establishes an immunosuppressive microenvironment. These processes are driven by cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), functionally activated through transforming growth factor beta1 (TGFβ1). CAFs produce a topographically aligned extracellular matrix (ECM) that correlates with reduced overall survival. Paradoxically, ablation of CAF populations results in a more aggressive disease, suggesting CAFs can also restrain PDAC progression. Thus, unraveling the mechanism(s) underlying CAF functions could lead to therapies that reinstate the tumor-suppressive features of the pancreatic stroma. CAF activation involves the f-actin organizing protein palladin. CAFs express two palladin isoforms (iso3 and iso4) which are up-regulated in response to TGFβ1. However, the roles of iso3 and iso4 in CAF functions remain elusive. Using a CAF-derived ECM model, we uncovered that iso3/iso4 are required to sustain TGFβ1-dependent CAF activation, secrete immunosuppressive cytokines, and produce a pro-tumoral ECM. Findings demonstrate a novel role for CAF palladin and suggest that iso3/iso4 regulate both redundant and specific tumor-supportive desmoplastic functions. This study highlights the therapeutic potential of targeting CAFs to restore fibroblastic anti-tumor activity in the pancreatic microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- J I Alexander
- Cancer Biology and the Marvin and Concetta Greenberg Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Molecular, Cellular Biology and Genetics Program, College of Medicine, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - D B Vendramini-Costa
- Cancer Biology and the Marvin and Concetta Greenberg Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - R Francescone
- Cancer Biology and the Marvin and Concetta Greenberg Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - T Luong
- Cancer Biology and the Marvin and Concetta Greenberg Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - J Franco-Barraza
- Cancer Biology and the Marvin and Concetta Greenberg Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - N Shah
- Cancer Biology and the Marvin and Concetta Greenberg Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - J C Gardiner
- Cancer Biology and the Marvin and Concetta Greenberg Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - E Nicolas
- Cancer Biology and the Marvin and Concetta Greenberg Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - K S Raghavan
- Cancer Biology and the Marvin and Concetta Greenberg Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Molecular, Cellular Biology and Genetics Program, College of Medicine, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - E Cukierman
- Cancer Biology and the Marvin and Concetta Greenberg Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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5
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Nikolopoulou PA, Koufaki MA, Kostourou V. The Adhesome Network: Key Components Shaping the Tumour Stroma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:525. [PMID: 33573141 PMCID: PMC7866493 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13030525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Beyond the conventional perception of solid tumours as mere masses of cancer cells, advanced cancer research focuses on the complex contributions of tumour-associated host cells that are known as "tumour microenvironment" (TME). It has been long appreciated that the tumour stroma, composed mainly of blood vessels, cancer-associated fibroblasts and immune cells, together with the extracellular matrix (ECM), define the tumour architecture and influence cancer cell properties. Besides soluble cues, that mediate the crosstalk between tumour and stroma cells, cell adhesion to ECM arises as a crucial determinant in cancer progression. In this review, we discuss how adhesome, the intracellular protein network formed at cell adhesions, regulate the TME and control malignancy. The role of adhesome extends beyond the physical attachment of cells to ECM and the regulation of cytoskeletal remodelling and acts as a signalling and mechanosensing hub, orchestrating cellular responses that shape the tumour milieu.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Vassiliki Kostourou
- Biomedical Sciences Research Centre “Alexander Fleming”, Institute of Bioinnovation, 34 Fleming Str., 16672 Vari-Athens, Greece; (P.A.N.); (M.A.K.)
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Luo Y, Hu J, Liu Y, Li L, Li Y, Sun B, Kong R. Invadopodia: A potential target for pancreatic cancer therapy. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2021; 159:103236. [PMID: 33482351 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2021.103236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Dissemination of cancer cells is an intricate multistep process that represents the most deadly aspect of cancer. Cancer cells form F-actin-rich protrusions known as invadopodia to invade surrounding tissues, blood vessels and lymphatics. A number of studies have demonstrated the significant roles of invadopodia in cancer. Therefore, the specific cells and molecules involved in invadopodia activity can provide as therapeutic targets. In this review, we included a thorough overview of studies in invadopodia and discussed their functions in cancer metastasis. We then presented the specific cells and molecules involved in invadopodia activity in pancreatic cancer and analyzed their suitability to be effective therapeutic targets. Currently, drugs targeting invadopodia and relevant clinical trials are negligible. Here, we highlighted the significance of potential drugs and discussed future obstacles in implementing clinical trials. This review presents a new perspective on invadopodia-induced pancreatic cancer metastasis and may prosper the development of targeted therapeutics against pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Luo
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China; Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jisheng Hu
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China; Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China; Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Le Li
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China; Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yilong Li
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China; Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Bei Sun
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China; Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Rui Kong
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China; Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
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Cancer associated fibroblast: Mediators of tumorigenesis. Matrix Biol 2020; 91-92:19-34. [PMID: 32450219 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2020.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
It is well accepted that the tumor microenvironment plays a pivotal role in cancer onset, development, and progression. The majority of clinical interventions are designed to target either cancer or stroma cells. These emphases have been directed by one of two prevailing theories in the field, the Somatic Mutation Theory and the Tissue Organization Field Theory, which represent two seemingly opposing concepts. This review proposes that the two theories are mutually inclusive and should be concurrently considered for cancer treatments. Specifically, this review discusses the dynamic and reciprocal processes between stromal cells and extracellular matrices, using pancreatic cancer as an example, to demonstrate the inclusivity of the theories. Furthermore, this review highlights the functions of cancer associated fibroblasts, which represent the major stromal cell type, as important mediators of the known cancer hallmarks that the two theories attempt to explain.
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Franco-Barraza J, Raghavan KS, Luong T, Cukierman E. Engineering clinically-relevant human fibroblastic cell-derived extracellular matrices. Methods Cell Biol 2020; 156:109-160. [PMID: 32222216 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2019.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) culturing models, replicating in vivo tissue microenvironments that incorporate native extracellular matrix (ECM), have revolutionized the cell biology field. Fibroblastic cells generate lattices of interstitial ECM proteins. Cell interactions with ECMs and with molecules sequestered/stored within these are crucial for tissue development and homeostasis maintenance. Hence, ECMs provide cells with biochemical and biomechanical cues to support and locally control cell function. Further, dynamic changes in ECMs, and in cell-ECM interactions, partake in growth, development, and temporary occurrences such as acute wound healing. Notably, dysregulation in ECMs and fibroblasts could be important triggers and modulators of pathological events such as developmental defects, and diseases associated with fibrosis and chronic inflammation such as cancer. Studying the type of fibroblastic cells producing these matrices and how alterations to these cells enable changes in ECMs are of paramount importance. This chapter provides a step-by-step method for producing multilayered (e.g., 3D) fibroblastic cell-derived matrices (fCDM). Methods also include means to assess ECM topography and other cellular traits, indicative of fibroblastic functional statuses, like naïve/normal vs. inflammatory and/or myofibroblastic. For these, protocols include indications for isolating normal and diseased fibroblasts (i.e., cancer-associated fibroblasts known as CAFs). Protocols also include means for conducting microscopy assessments, querying whether fibroblasts present with fCDM-dependent normal or CAF phenotypes. These are supported by discrete semi-quantitative digital imaging analyses, providing some imaging processing advice. Additionally, protocols include descriptions for effective fCDM decellularization, which renders cellular debris-free patho/physiological in vivo-like scaffolds, suitable as 3D substrates for subsequent cell culturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janusz Franco-Barraza
- Cancer Biology, The Martin and Concetta Greenberg Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Kristopher S Raghavan
- Cancer Biology, The Martin and Concetta Greenberg Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States; College of Medicine, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Tiffany Luong
- Cancer Biology, The Martin and Concetta Greenberg Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Edna Cukierman
- Cancer Biology, The Martin and Concetta Greenberg Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
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Tan J, Chen XJ, Shen CL, Zhang HX, Tang LY, Lu SY, Wu WT, Kuang Y, Fei J, Wang ZG. Lacking of palladin leads to multiple cellular events changes which contribute to NTD. Neural Dev 2017; 12:4. [PMID: 28340616 PMCID: PMC5366166 DOI: 10.1186/s13064-017-0081-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The actin cytoskeleton-associated protein palladin plays an important role in cell motility, morphogenesis and adhesion. In mice, Palladin deficient embryos are lethal before embryonic day (E) 15.5, and exhibit severe cranial neural tube and body wall closure defects. However, the mechanism how palladin regulates the process of cranial neural tube closure (NTC) remains unknown. Methods In this paper, we use gene knockout mouse to elucidate the function of palladin in the regulation of NTC process. Results We initially focuse on the expression pattern of palladin and found that in embryonic brain, palladin is predominantly expressed in the neural folds at E9.5. We further check the major cellular events in the neural epithelium that may contribute to NTC during the early embryogenesis. Palladin deficiency leads to a disturbance of cytoskeleton in the neural tube and the cultured neural progenitors. Furthermore, increased cell proliferation, decreased cell differentiation and diminished apical cell apoptosis of neural epithelium are found in palladin deficient embryos. Cell cycle of neural progenitors in Palladin-/- embryos is much shorter than that in wt ones. Cell adhesion shows a reduction in Palladin-/- neural tubes. Conclusions Palladin is expressed with proper spatio-temporal pattern in the neural folds. It plays a crucial role in regulating mouse cranial NTC by modulating cytoskeleton, proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and adhesion of neural epithelium. Our findings facilitate further study of the function of palladin and the underlying molecular mechanism involved in NTC. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13064-017-0081-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Research Center for Experimental Medicine, Rui-Jin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Building 17, No. 197, Ruijin 2nd Rd, Shanghai, 200025, China.,Model Organism Division, E-Institutes of Shanghai Universities, SJTUSM, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Xue-Jiao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Research Center for Experimental Medicine, Rui-Jin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Building 17, No. 197, Ruijin 2nd Rd, Shanghai, 200025, China.,Model Organism Division, E-Institutes of Shanghai Universities, SJTUSM, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Chun-Ling Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Research Center for Experimental Medicine, Rui-Jin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Building 17, No. 197, Ruijin 2nd Rd, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Hong-Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Research Center for Experimental Medicine, Rui-Jin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Building 17, No. 197, Ruijin 2nd Rd, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Ling-Yun Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Research Center for Experimental Medicine, Rui-Jin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Building 17, No. 197, Ruijin 2nd Rd, Shanghai, 200025, China.,Model Organism Division, E-Institutes of Shanghai Universities, SJTUSM, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Shun-Yuan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Research Center for Experimental Medicine, Rui-Jin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Building 17, No. 197, Ruijin 2nd Rd, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Wen-Ting Wu
- Shanghai Research Center for Model Organisms, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Ying Kuang
- Shanghai Research Center for Model Organisms, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jian Fei
- Shanghai Research Center for Model Organisms, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Zhu-Gang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Research Center for Experimental Medicine, Rui-Jin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Building 17, No. 197, Ruijin 2nd Rd, Shanghai, 200025, China. .,Model Organism Division, E-Institutes of Shanghai Universities, SJTUSM, Shanghai, 200025, China. .,Shanghai Research Center for Model Organisms, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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Roy I, Boyle KA, Vonderhaar EP, Zimmerman NP, Gorse E, Mackinnon AC, Hwang R, Franco-Barraza J, Cukierman E, Tsai S, Evans DB, Dwinell MB. Cancer cell chemokines direct chemotaxis of activated stellate cells in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. J Transl Med 2017; 97:302-317. [PMID: 28092365 PMCID: PMC5334280 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2016.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms by which the extreme desmoplasia observed in pancreatic tumors develops remain unknown and its role in pancreatic cancer progression is unsettled. Chemokines have a key role in the recruitment of a wide variety of cell types in health and disease. Transcript and protein profile analyses of human and murine cell lines and human tissue specimens revealed a consistent elevation in the receptors CCR10 and CXCR6, as well as their respective ligands CCL28 and CXCL16. Elevated ligand expression was restricted to tumor cells, whereas receptors were in both epithelial and stromal cells. Consistent with its regulation by inflammatory cytokines, CCL28 and CCR10, but not CXCL16 or CXCR6, were upregulated in human pancreatitis tissues. Cytokine stimulation of pancreatic cancer cells increased CCL28 secretion in epithelial tumor cells but not an immortalized activated human pancreatic stellate cell line (HPSC). Stellate cells exhibited dose- and receptor-dependent chemotaxis in response to CCL28. This functional response was not linked to changes in activation status as CCL28 had little impact on alpha smooth muscle actin levels or extracellular matrix deposition or alignment. Co-culture assays revealed CCL28-dependent chemotaxis of HPSC toward cancer but not normal pancreatic epithelial cells, consistent with stromal cells being a functional target for the epithelial-derived chemokine. These data together implicate the chemokine CCL28 in the inflammation-mediated recruitment of cancer-associated stellate cells into the pancreatic cancer parenchyma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishan Roy
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee Wisconsin
| | - Kathleen A. Boyle
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee Wisconsin
| | - Emily P. Vonderhaar
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee Wisconsin
| | - Noah P. Zimmerman
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee Wisconsin,MCW Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee Wisconsin
| | - Egal Gorse
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee Wisconsin
| | - A. Craig Mackinnon
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee Wisconsin
| | - Rosa Hwang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Division of Surgery, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | | | - Edna Cukierman
- Cancer Biology Department, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple Health. Philadelphia, PA
| | - Susan Tsai
- MCW Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee Wisconsin,Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee Wisconsin
| | - Douglas B. Evans
- MCW Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee Wisconsin,Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee Wisconsin
| | - Michael B. Dwinell
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee Wisconsin,MCW Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee Wisconsin
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11
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Chen X, Fan X, Tan J, Shi P, Wang X, Wang J, Kuang Y, Fei J, Liu J, Dang S, Wang Z. Palladin is involved in platelet activation and arterial thrombosis. Thromb Res 2016; 149:1-8. [PMID: 27865965 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2016.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The dynamics of actin cytoskeleton have been shown to play a critical role during platelet activation. Palladin is an actin-associated protein, serving as a cytoskeleton scaffold to bundle actin fibers and actin cross linker. The functional role of palladin on platelet activation has not been investigated. Here, we characterized heterozygous palladin knockout (palladin+/-) mice to elucidate the platelet-related functions of palladin. The results showed that palladin was expressed in platelets and moderate palladin deficiency accelerated hemostasis and arterial thrombosis. The aggregation of palladin+/- platelets was increased in response to low levels of thrombin, U46619, and collagen. We also observed enhanced spreading of palladin+/- platelets on immobilized fibrinogen (Fg) and increased rate of clot retraction in platelet-rich plasma (PRP) containing palladin+/- platelets. Furthermore, the activation of the small GTPase Rac1 and Cdc42, which is associated with cytoskeletal dynamics and platelet activation signalings, was increased in the spreading and aggregating palladin+/- platelets compared to that in wild type platelets. Taken together, these findings indicated that palladin is involved in platelet activation and arterial thrombosis, implying a potent role of palladin in pathophysiology of thrombotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejiao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Research Center for Experimental Medicine, Rui-Jin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai 200025, China; Shanghai Research Center for Model Organisms, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xuemei Fan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, SJTUSM, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Juan Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Research Center for Experimental Medicine, Rui-Jin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai 200025, China; Shanghai Research Center for Model Organisms, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Panlai Shi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, SJTUSM, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Xiyi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Research Center for Experimental Medicine, Rui-Jin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai 200025, China; Shanghai Research Center for Model Organisms, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jinjin Wang
- Shanghai Research Center for Model Organisms, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ying Kuang
- Shanghai Research Center for Model Organisms, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jian Fei
- Shanghai Research Center for Model Organisms, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Junling Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, SJTUSM, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Suying Dang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, SJTUSM, Shanghai 200025, China; Shanghai Research Center for Model Organisms, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Zhugang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Research Center for Experimental Medicine, Rui-Jin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai 200025, China; Shanghai Research Center for Model Organisms, Shanghai 201203, China.
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12
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Péladeau C, Heibein A, Maltez MT, Copeland SJ, Copeland JW. A specific FMNL2 isoform is up-regulated in invasive cells. BMC Cell Biol 2016; 17:32. [PMID: 27578625 PMCID: PMC5006604 DOI: 10.1186/s12860-016-0110-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Formins are a highly conserved family of cytoskeletal remodeling proteins. A growing body of evidence suggests that formins play key roles in the progression and spread of a variety of cancers. There are 15 human formin proteins and of these the Diaphanous-Related Formins (DRFs) are the best characterized. Included in the DRFs are the Formin-Like proteins, FMNL1, 2 & 3, each of which have been strongly implicated in driving tumorigenesis and metastasis of specific tumors. In particular, increased FMNL2 expression correlates with increased invasiveness of colorectal cancer (CRC) in vivo and for a variety of CRC cell-lines in vitro. FMNL2 expression is also required for invasive cell motility in other cancer cell-lines. There are multiple alternatively spliced isoforms of FMNL2 and it is predicted that the encoded proteins will differ in their regulation, subcellular localization and in their ability to regulate cytoskeletal dynamics. RESULTS Using RT-PCR we identified four FMNL2 isoforms expressed in CRC and melanoma cell-lines. We find that a previously uncharacterized FMNL2 isoform is predominantly expressed in a variety of melanoma and CRC cell lines; this isoform is also more effective in driving 3D motility. Building on previous reports, we also show that FMNL2 is required for invasion in A375 and WM266.4 melanoma cells. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these results suggest that FMNL2 is likely to be generally required in melanoma cells for invasion, that a specific isoform of FMNL2 is up-regulated in invasive CRC and melanoma cells and this isoform is the most effective at facilitating invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Péladeau
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Allan Heibein
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Melissa T Maltez
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Sarah J Copeland
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - John W Copeland
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada.
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13
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McLane JS, Ligon LA. Palladin mediates stiffness-induced fibroblast activation in the tumor microenvironment. Biophys J 2016. [PMID: 26200861 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2015.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanical properties of the tumor microenvironment have emerged as key factors in tumor progression. It has been proposed that increased tissue stiffness can transform stromal fibroblasts into carcinoma-associated fibroblasts. However, it is unclear whether the three to five times increase in stiffness seen in tumor-adjacent stroma is sufficient for fibroblast activation. In this study we developed a three-dimensional (3D) hydrogel model with precisely tunable stiffness and show that a physiologically relevant increase in stiffness is sufficient to lead to fibroblast activation. We found that soluble factors including CC-motif chemokine ligand (CCL) chemokines and fibronectin are necessary for this activation, and the combination of C-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CCR4) chemokine receptors and β1 and β3 integrins are necessary to transduce these chemomechanical signals. We then show that these chemomechanical signals lead to the gene expression changes associated with fibroblast activation via a network of intracellular signaling pathways that include focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K). Finally, we identify the actin-associated protein palladin as a key node in these signaling pathways that result in fibroblast activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua S McLane
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York; Department of Biological Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York
| | - Lee A Ligon
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York; Department of Biological Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York.
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14
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Sato D, Tsuchikawa T, Mitsuhashi T, Hatanaka Y, Marukawa K, Morooka A, Nakamura T, Shichinohe T, Matsuno Y, Hirano S. Stromal Palladin Expression Is an Independent Prognostic Factor in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0152523. [PMID: 27023252 PMCID: PMC4811423 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been clear that cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in the tumor microenvironment play an important role in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) progression. However, how CAFs relate to the patients' prognosis and the effects of chemoradiation therapy (CRT) has not been fully investigated. Tissue microarrays (TMAs) representing 167 resected PDACs without preoperative treatment were used for immunohistochemical studies (IHC) of palladin, α-smooth muscle actin (SMA), and podoplanin. Correlations between the expression levels of these markers and clinicopathological findings were analyzed statistically. Whole sections of surgical specimens from PDACs with and without preoperative CRT, designated as the chemotherapy-first group (CF, n = 19) and the surgery-first group (SF, n = 21), respectively, were also analyzed by IHC. In TMAs, the disease-specific survival rate (DSS) at 5 years for all 167 cases was 23.1%. Seventy cases (41.9%) were positive for palladin and had significantly lower DSS (p = 0.0430). α-SMA and podoplanin were positive in 167 cases (100%) and 131 cases (78.4%), respectively, and they were not significantly associated with DSS. On multivariable analysis, palladin expression was an independent poor prognostic factor (p = 0.0243, risk ratio 1.60). In the whole section study, palladin positivity was significantly lower (p = 0.0037) in the CF group (5/19) with a significantly better DSS (p = 0.0144) than in the SF group (16/22), suggesting that stromal palladin expression is a surrogate indicator of the treatment effect after chemoradiation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Sato
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery II, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
- Surgical Pathology, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Tsuchikawa
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery II, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | | | - Yutaka Hatanaka
- Surgical Pathology, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
- Research Division of Companion Diagnostics, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Katsuji Marukawa
- Surgical Pathology, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Asami Morooka
- Surgical Pathology, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Toru Nakamura
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery II, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Shichinohe
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery II, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Matsuno
- Surgical Pathology, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
- Research Division of Companion Diagnostics, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Hirano
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery II, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
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15
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García-Palmero I, Torres S, Bartolomé RA, Peláez-García A, Larriba MJ, Lopez-Lucendo M, Peña C, Escudero-Paniagua B, Muñoz A, Casal JI. Twist1-induced activation of human fibroblasts promotes matrix stiffness by upregulating palladin and collagen α1(VI). Oncogene 2016; 35:5224-5236. [PMID: 26973246 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Revised: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The transcription factor Twist1 is involved in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition and contributes to cancer metastasis through mostly unknown mechanisms. In colorectal cancer, Twist1 expression is mainly restricted to the tumor stroma. We found that human fibroblast cell lines stably transfected with Twist1 acquired characteristics of activated cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), such as hyperproliferation, an increased ability to migrate and an alignment of the actin cytoskeleton. Further, Twist1-activated fibroblasts promoted increased matrix stiffness. Using quantitative proteomics, we identified palladin and collagen α1(VI) as two major mediators of the Twist1 effects in fibroblast cell lines. Co-immunoprecipitation studies indicated that palladin and Twist1 interact within the nucleus, suggesting that palladin could act as a transcription regulator. Palladin was found to be more relevant for the cellular biomechanical properties, orientation and polarity, and collagen α1(VI) for the migration and invasion capacity, of Twist1-activated fibroblasts. Both palladin and collagen α1(VI) were observed to be overexpressed in colorectal CAFs and to be associated with poor colorectal cancer patient survival and relapse prediction. Our results demonstrate that Twist1-expressing fibroblasts mimic the properties of CAFs present at the tumor invasive front, which likely explains the prometastatic activities of Twist1. Twist1 appears to require both palladin and collagen α1(VI) as downstream effectors for its prometastatic effects, which could be future therapeutic targets in cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- I García-Palmero
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CIB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - S Torres
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CIB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - R A Bartolomé
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CIB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - A Peláez-García
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CIB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - M J Larriba
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas 'Alberto Sols' (CSIC-UAM), IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Lopez-Lucendo
- Proteomics Core Facility, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CIB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - C Peña
- Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - B Escudero-Paniagua
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CIB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - A Muñoz
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas 'Alberto Sols' (CSIC-UAM), IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain
| | - J I Casal
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CIB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
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16
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Cannon AR, Owen MK, Guerrero MS, Kerber ML, Goicoechea SM, Hemstreet KC, Klazynski B, Hollyfield J, Chang EH, Hwang RF, Otey CA, Kim HJ. Palladin expression is a conserved characteristic of the desmoplastic tumor microenvironment and contributes to altered gene expression. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2015; 72:402-11. [PMID: 26333695 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Revised: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The stroma surrounding solid tumors contributes in complex ways to tumor progression. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are the predominant cell type in the tumor stroma. Previous studies have shown that the actin-binding protein palladin is highly expressed in the stroma of pancreas tumors, but the interpretation of these results is complicated by the fact that palladin exists as multiple isoforms. In the current study, the expression and localization of palladin isoform 4 was examined in normal specimens and adenocarcinomas of human pancreas, lung, colon, and stomach samples. Immunohistochemistry with isoform-selective antibodies revealed that expression of palladin isoform 4 was higher in adenocarcinomas versus normal tissues, and highest in CAFs. Immunohistochemistry staining revealed that palladin was present in both the cytoplasm and the nucleus of CAFs, and this was confirmed using immunofluorescence staining and subcellular fractionation of a pancreatic CAF cell line. To investigate the functional significance of nuclear palladin, RNA Seq analysis of palladin knockdown CAFs versus control CAFs was performed, and the results showed that palladin regulates the expression of genes involved in the biosynthesis and assembly of collagen, and organization of the extracellular matrix. These results suggested that palladin isoform 4 may play a conserved role in establishing the phenotype of CAFs in multiple tumor types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin R Cannon
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Meredith K Owen
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Michael S Guerrero
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Michael L Kerber
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | | | - Kathryn C Hemstreet
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Brian Klazynski
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Johnathan Hollyfield
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Emily H Chang
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.,Kidney Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Rosa F Hwang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Carol A Otey
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Hong Jin Kim
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.,Department of Surgery, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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17
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Special AT-rich sequence-binding protein 2 suppresses invadopodia formation in HCT116 cells via palladin inhibition. Exp Cell Res 2015; 332:78-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2014.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Revised: 11/28/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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18
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Chang EH, Gasim AH, Kerber ML, Patel JB, Glaubiger SA, Falk RJ, Jennette JC, Otey CA. Palladin is upregulated in kidney disease and contributes to epithelial cell migration after injury. Sci Rep 2015; 5:7695. [PMID: 25573828 PMCID: PMC4648347 DOI: 10.1038/srep07695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Recovery from acute kidney injury involving tubular epithelial cells requires proliferation and migration of healthy cells to the area of injury. In this study, we show that palladin, a previously characterized cytoskeletal protein, is upregulated in injured tubules and suggest that one of its functions during repair is to facilitate migration of remaining cells to the affected site. In a mouse model of anti-neutrophilic cytoplasmic antibody involving both tubular and glomerular disease, palladin is upregulated in injured tubular cells, crescents and capillary cells with angiitis. In human biopsies of kidneys from patients with other kidney diseases, palladin is also upregulated in crescents and injured tubules. In LLC-PK1 cells, a porcine proximal tubule cell line, stress induced by transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) leads to palladin upregulation. Knockdown of palladin in LLC-PK1 does not disrupt cell morphology but does lead to a defect in cell migration. Furthermore, TGF-β1 induced increase in the 75 kDa palladin isoform occurs in both the nucleus and the cytoplasm. These data suggest that palladin expression is induced in injured cells and contributes to proper migration of cells in proximal tubules, possibly by regulation of gene expression as part of the healing process after acute injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily H Chang
- 1] UNC Kidney Center, Chapel Hill, NC [2] UNC Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Adil H Gasim
- UNC Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC
| | | | - Julie B Patel
- UNC Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Chapel Hill, NC
| | | | | | - J Charles Jennette
- 1] UNC Kidney Center, Chapel Hill, NC [2] UNC Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Carol A Otey
- UNC Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Chapel Hill, NC
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19
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Niedenberger BA, Chappell VA, Otey CA, Geyer CB. Actin dynamics regulate subcellular localization of the F-actin-binding protein PALLD in mouse Sertoli cells. Reproduction 2014; 148:333-41. [PMID: 24989903 DOI: 10.1530/rep-14-0147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Sertoli cells undergo terminal differentiation at puberty to support all phases of germ cell development, which occurs in the mouse beginning in the second week of life. By ∼18 days postpartum (dpp), nearly all Sertoli cells have ceased proliferation. This terminal differentiation is accompanied by the development of unique and regionally concentrated filamentous actin (F-actin) structures at the basal and apical aspects of the seminiferous epithelium, and this reorganization is likely to involve the action of actin-binding proteins. Palladin (PALLD) is a widely expressed F-actin-binding and bundling protein recently shown to regulate these structures, yet it is predominantly nuclear in Sertoli cells at puberty. We found that PALLD localized within nuclei of primary Sertoli cells grown in serum-free media but relocalized to the cytoplasm upon serum stimulation. We utilized this system with in vivo relevance to Sertoli cell development to investigate mechanisms regulating nuclear localization of this F-actin-binding protein. Our results indicate that PALLD can be shuttled from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, and that this relocalization occurred following depolymerization of the F-actin cytoskeleton in response to cAMP signaling. Nuclear localization was reduced in Hpg-mutant testes, suggesting the involvement of gonadotropin signaling. We found that PALLD nuclear localization was unaffected in testis tissues from LH receptor and androgen receptor-mutant mice. However, PALLD nuclear localization was reduced in the testes of FSH receptor-mutant mice, suggesting that FSH signaling during Sertoli cell maturation regulates this subcellular localization.
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MESH Headings
- Actin Cytoskeleton/metabolism
- Actins/metabolism
- Active Transport, Cell Nucleus
- Animals
- Cells, Cultured
- Cyclic AMP/metabolism
- Cytoplasm/metabolism
- Cytoskeletal Proteins/metabolism
- Follicle Stimulating Hormone/metabolism
- Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone/genetics
- Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone/metabolism
- Humans
- Karyopherins/metabolism
- Luteinizing Hormone/metabolism
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Phosphoproteins/metabolism
- Protein Precursors/genetics
- Protein Precursors/metabolism
- Receptors, Androgen/genetics
- Receptors, Androgen/metabolism
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/metabolism
- Receptors, FSH/genetics
- Receptors, FSH/metabolism
- Receptors, LH/genetics
- Receptors, LH/metabolism
- Sertoli Cells/metabolism
- rho GTP-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Exportin 1 Protein
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan A Niedenberger
- Department of Anatomy and Cell BiologyBrody School of Medicine, Greenville, North Carolina 27834, USAEast Carolina Diabetes and Obesity InstituteGreenville, North Carolina 27834, USADepartment of Cell Biology and PhysiologyUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Vesna A Chappell
- Department of Anatomy and Cell BiologyBrody School of Medicine, Greenville, North Carolina 27834, USAEast Carolina Diabetes and Obesity InstituteGreenville, North Carolina 27834, USADepartment of Cell Biology and PhysiologyUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Carol A Otey
- Department of Anatomy and Cell BiologyBrody School of Medicine, Greenville, North Carolina 27834, USAEast Carolina Diabetes and Obesity InstituteGreenville, North Carolina 27834, USADepartment of Cell Biology and PhysiologyUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Christopher B Geyer
- Department of Anatomy and Cell BiologyBrody School of Medicine, Greenville, North Carolina 27834, USAEast Carolina Diabetes and Obesity InstituteGreenville, North Carolina 27834, USADepartment of Cell Biology and PhysiologyUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA Department of Anatomy and Cell BiologyBrody School of Medicine, Greenville, North Carolina 27834, USAEast Carolina Diabetes and Obesity InstituteGreenville, North Carolina 27834, USADepartment of Cell Biology and PhysiologyUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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20
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von Nandelstadh P, Gucciardo E, Lohi J, Li R, Sugiyama N, Carpen O, Lehti K. Actin-associated protein palladin promotes tumor cell invasion by linking extracellular matrix degradation to cell cytoskeleton. Mol Biol Cell 2014; 25:2556-70. [PMID: 24989798 PMCID: PMC4148246 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e13-11-0667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Basal-like breast carcinomas, characterized by unfavorable prognosis and frequent metastases, are associated with epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. During this process, cancer cells undergo cytoskeletal reorganization and up-regulate membrane-type 1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP; MMP14), which functions in actin-based pseudopods to drive invasion by extracellular matrix degradation. However, the mechanisms that couple matrix proteolysis to the actin cytoskeleton in cell invasion have remained unclear. On the basis of a yeast two-hybrid screen for the MT1-MMP cytoplasmic tail-binding proteins, we identify here a novel Src-regulated protein interaction between the dynamic cytoskeletal scaffold protein palladin and MT1-MMP. These proteins were coexpressed in invasive human basal-like breast carcinomas and corresponding cell lines, where they were associated in the same matrix contacting and degrading membrane complexes. The silencing and overexpression of the 90-kDa palladin isoform revealed the functional importance of the interaction with MT1-MMP in pericellular matrix degradation and mesenchymal tumor cell invasion, whereas in MT1-MMP-negative cells, palladin overexpression was insufficient for invasion. Moreover, this invasion was inhibited in a dominant-negative manner by an immunoglobulin domain-containing palladin fragment lacking the dynamic scaffold and Src-binding domains. These results identify a novel protein interaction that links matrix degradation to cytoskeletal dynamics and migration signaling in mesenchymal cell invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pernilla von Nandelstadh
- Research Programs Unit, Genome-Scale Biology, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland Department of Pathology, Haartman Institute, FIN-00014, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Erika Gucciardo
- Research Programs Unit, Genome-Scale Biology, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland Department of Pathology, Haartman Institute, FIN-00014, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jouko Lohi
- Department of Pathology, Haartman Institute, FIN-00014, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland Department of Pathology, HUSLAB, Helsinki University Central Hospital, FIN-00290, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Rui Li
- Research Programs Unit, Genome-Scale Biology, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland Department of Pathology, Haartman Institute, FIN-00014, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nami Sugiyama
- Research Programs Unit, Genome-Scale Biology, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland Department of Pathology, Haartman Institute, FIN-00014, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Olli Carpen
- Department of Pathology, University of Turku and Turku University Central Hospital, FIN-20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Kaisa Lehti
- Research Programs Unit, Genome-Scale Biology, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland Department of Pathology, Haartman Institute, FIN-00014, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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21
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Gateva G, Tojkander S, Koho S, Carpen O, Lappalainen P. Palladin promotes assembly of non-contractile dorsal stress fibers through VASP recruitment. J Cell Sci 2014; 127:1887-98. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.135780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress fibers are major contractile actin structures in non-muscle cells, where they have an important role in adhesion, morphogenesis and mechanotransduction. Palladin is a multidomain protein, which associates with stress fibers in a variety of cell-types. However, the exact role of palladin in stress fiber assembly and maintenance has remained obscure, and whether it functions as an actin filament cross-linker or scaffolding protein was unknown. We demonstrate that palladin is specifically required for assembly of non-contractile dorsal stress fibers, and is consequently essential for generation of stress fiber networks and regulation of cell morphogenesis in osteosarcoma cells migrating in three-dimensional collagen matrix. Importantly, we reveal that palladin is necessary for the recruitment of vasodilator stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP) to dorsal stress fibers, and that it promotes stress fiber assembly through VASP. Both palladin and VASP display similar rapid dynamics at dorsal stress fibers, suggesting that they associate with stress fibers as a complex. Thus, palladin functions as a dynamic scaffolding protein, which promotes the assembly of dorsal stress fibers by recruiting VASP to these structures.
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22
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Yamamoto DL, Vitiello C, Zhang J, Gokhin DS, Castaldi A, Coulis G, Piaser F, Filomena MC, Eggenhuizen PJ, Kunderfranco P, Camerini S, Takano K, Endo T, Crescenzi M, Luther PKL, Lieber RL, Chen J, Bang ML. The nebulin SH3 domain is dispensable for normal skeletal muscle structure but is required for effective active load bearing in mouse. J Cell Sci 2013; 126:5477-89. [PMID: 24046450 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.137026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Nemaline myopathy (NM) is a congenital myopathy with an estimated incidence of 150,000 live births. It is caused by mutations in thin filament components, including nebulin, which accounts for about 50% of the cases. The identification of NM cases with nonsense mutations resulting in loss of the extreme C-terminal SH3 domain of nebulin suggests an important role of the nebulin SH3 domain, which is further supported by the recent demonstration of its role in IGF-1-induced sarcomeric actin filament formation through targeting of N-WASP to the Z-line. To provide further insights into the functional significance of the nebulin SH3 domain in the Z-disk and to understand the mechanisms by which truncations of nebulin lead to NM, we took two approaches: (1) an affinity-based proteomic screening to identify novel interaction partners of the nebulin SH3 domain; and (2) generation and characterization of a novel knockin mouse model with a premature stop codon in the nebulin gene, eliminating its C-terminal SH3 domain (NebΔSH3 mouse). Surprisingly, detailed analyses of NebΔSH3 mice revealed no structural or histological skeletal muscle abnormalities and no changes in gene expression or localization of interaction partners of the nebulin SH3 domain, including myopalladin, palladin, zyxin and N-WASP. Also, no significant effect on peak isometric stress production, passive tensile stress or Young's modulus was found. However, NebΔSH3 muscle displayed a slightly altered force-frequency relationship and was significantly more susceptible to eccentric contraction-induced injury, suggesting that the nebulin SH3 domain protects against eccentric contraction-induced injury and possibly plays a role in fine-tuning the excitation-contraction coupling mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel L Yamamoto
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council, 20090 Milan, Italy
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23
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Goicoechea SM, García-Mata R, Staub J, Valdivia A, Sharek L, McCulloch CG, Hwang RF, Urrutia R, Yeh JJ, Kim HJ, Otey CA. Palladin promotes invasion of pancreatic cancer cells by enhancing invadopodia formation in cancer-associated fibroblasts. Oncogene 2013; 33:1265-73. [PMID: 23524582 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2012] [Revised: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 01/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The stromal compartment surrounding epithelial-derived pancreatic tumors is thought to have a key role in the aggressive phenotype of this malignancy. Emerging evidence suggests that cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), the most abundant cells in the stroma of pancreatic tumors, contribute to the tumor's invasion, metastasis and resistance to therapy, but the precise molecular mechanisms that regulate CAFs behavior are poorly understood. In this study, we utilized immortalized human pancreatic CAFs to investigate molecular pathways that control the matrix-remodeling and invasion-promoting activity of CAFs. We showed previously that palladin, an actin-associated protein, is expressed at high levels in CAFs of pancreatic tumors and other solid tumors, and also in an immortalized line of human CAFs. In this study, we found that short-term exposure of CAFs to phorbol esters reduced the number of stress fibers and triggered the appearance of individual invadopodia and invadopodial rosettes in CAFs. Molecular analysis of invadopodia revealed that their composition resembled that of similar structures (that is, invadopodia and podosomes) described in other cell types. Pharmacological inhibition and small interfering RNA knockdown experiments demonstrated that protein kinase C, the small GTPase Cdc42 and palladin were necessary for the efficient assembly of invadopodia by CAFs. In addition, GTPase activity assays showed that palladin contributes to the activation of Cdc42. In mouse xenograft experiments using a mixture of CAFs and tumor cells, palladin expression in CAFs promoted the rapid growth and metastasis of human pancreatic tumor cells. Overall, these results indicate that high levels of palladin expression in CAFs enhance their ability to remodel the extracellular matrix by regulating the activity of Cdc42, which in turn promotes the assembly of matrix-degrading invadopodia in CAFs and tumor cell invasion. Together, these results identify a novel molecular signaling pathway that may provide new molecular targets for the inhibition of pancreatic cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Goicoechea
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - R García-Mata
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - J Staub
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - A Valdivia
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - L Sharek
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - C G McCulloch
- CIHR Group in Matrix Dynamics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - R F Hwang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - R Urrutia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Epigenetics and Chromatin Dynamics Laboratory, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Translational Epigenomics Program, Center for Individualized Medicine (CIM), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - J J Yeh
- 1] Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA [2] Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA [3] Department of Surgery, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - H J Kim
- 1] Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA [2] Department of Surgery, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - C A Otey
- 1] Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA [2] Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Najm P, El-Sibai M. Palladin regulation of the actin structures needed for cancer invasion. Cell Adh Migr 2013; 8:29-35. [PMID: 24525547 DOI: 10.4161/cam.28024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell migration and invasion involve the formation of cell adhesion structures as well as the dynamic and spatial regulation of the cytoskeleton. The adhesive structures known as podosomes and invadopodia share a common role in cell motility, adhesion, and invasion, and form when the plasma membrane of motile cells undergoes highly regulated protrusions. Palladin, a molecular scaffold, co-localizes with actin-rich structures where it plays a role in their assembly and maintenance in a wide variety of cell lines. Palladin regulates actin cytoskeleton organization as well as cell adhesion formation. Moreover, palladin contributes to the invasive nature of cancer metastatic cells by regulating invadopodia formation. Palladin seems to regulate podosome and invodopodia formation through Rho GTPases, which are known as key players in coordinating the cellular responses required for cell migration and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Najm
- Department of Natural Sciences; Lebanese American University; Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mirvat El-Sibai
- Department of Natural Sciences; Lebanese American University; Beirut, Lebanon
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25
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Brentnall TA. Arousal of cancer-associated stromal fibroblasts: palladin-activated fibroblasts promote tumor invasion. Cell Adh Migr 2012; 6:488-94. [PMID: 23076142 PMCID: PMC3547892 DOI: 10.4161/cam.21453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF), comprised of activated fibroblasts or myofibroblasts, are found in stroma surrounding solid tumors; these myofibroblasts promote invasion and metastasis of cancer cells. Activation of stromal fibroblasts into myofibroblasts is induced by expression of cystoskeleton protein, palladin, at early stages in tumorigenesis and increases with neoplastic progression. Expression of palladin in fibroblasts is triggered by paracrine signaling from adjacent k-ras-expressing epithelial cells. Three-dimensional co-cultures of palladin-expressing fibroblasts and pancreatic cancer cells reveals that the activated fibroblasts lead the invasion by creating tunnels through the extracellular matrix through which the cancer cells follow. Invasive tunneling occurs as a result of the development of invadopodia-like cellular protrusions in the palladin-activated fibroblasts and the addition of a wounding/inflammatory trigger. Abrogation of palladin reduces the invasive capacity of these cells. CAF also play a role in cancer resistance and immuno-privilege, making the targeting of activators of these cells of interest for oncologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa A Brentnall
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA USA.
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Håkanson M, Kobel S, Lutolf MP, Textor M, Cukierman E, Charnley M. Controlled breast cancer microarrays for the deconvolution of cellular multilayering and density effects upon drug responses. PLoS One 2012; 7:e40141. [PMID: 22792141 PMCID: PMC3387021 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0040141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2011] [Accepted: 06/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Increasing evidence shows that the cancer microenvironment affects both tumorigenesis and the response of cancer to drug treatment. Therefore in vitro models that selectively reflect characteristics of the in vivo environment are greatly needed. Current methods allow us to screen the effect of extrinsic parameters such as matrix composition and to model the complex and three-dimensional (3D) cancer environment. However, 3D models that reflect characteristics of the in vivo environment are typically too complex and do not allow the separation of discrete extrinsic parameters. Methodology/Principal Findings In this study we used a poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) hydrogel-based microwell array to model breast cancer cell behavior in multilayer cell clusters that allows a rigorous control of the environment. The innovative array fabrication enables different matrix proteins to be integrated into the bottom surface of microwells. Thereby, extrinsic parameters including dimensionality, type of matrix coating and the extent of cell-cell adhesion could be independently studied. Our results suggest that cell to matrix interactions and increased cell-cell adhesion, at high cell density, induce independent effects on the response to Taxol in multilayer breast cancer cell clusters. In addition, comparing the levels of apoptosis and proliferation revealed that drug resistance mediated by cell-cell adhesion can be related to altered cell cycle regulation. Conversely, the matrix-dependent response to Taxol did not correlate with proliferation changes suggesting that cell death inhibition may be responsible for this effect. Conclusions/Significance The application of the PEG hydrogel platform provided novel insight into the independent role of extrinsic parameters controlling drug response. The presented platform may not only become a useful tool for basic research related to the role of the cancer microenvironment but could also serve as a complementary platform for in vitro drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Håkanson
- BioInterface Group, Laboratory for Surface Science and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Kobel
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Bioengineering, EPF Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Matthias P. Lutolf
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Bioengineering, EPF Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marcus Textor
- BioInterface Group, Laboratory for Surface Science and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Edna Cukierman
- Cancer Biology Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, USA
- * E-mail: (EC); (MC)
| | - Mirren Charnley
- BioInterface Group, Laboratory for Surface Science and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- * E-mail: (EC); (MC)
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27
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Amin S, McBride R, Kline J, Mitchel EB, Lucas AL, Neugut AI, Frucht H. Incidence of subsequent pancreatic adenocarcinoma in patients with a history of nonpancreatic primary cancers. Cancer 2012; 118:1244-51. [PMID: 21887676 PMCID: PMC3677019 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.26414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2011] [Revised: 05/31/2011] [Accepted: 06/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several environmental risk factors are known to predispose individuals to pancreatic cancer, and up to 15% of pancreatic cancers have an inherited component. Understanding metachronous cancer associations can modify pancreas cancer risk. The objective of this study was to investigate the association of nonpancreatic cancers with subsequent pancreatic adenocarcinoma. METHODS The authors used data from the US Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) registries to identify 1,618,834 individuals who had a primary malignancy and subsequent pancreatic adenocarcinoma (n = 4013). Standardized incidence ratios were calculated as an approximation of relative risk (RR) for the occurrence of pancreatic adenocarcinoma after another primary malignancy. RESULTS Among patients who were diagnosed with a first primary malignancy at ages 20 to 49 years, the risk of subsequent pancreatic adenocarcinoma was increased among patients who had cancers of the ascending colon (relative risk [RR], 4.62; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.86-9.52), hepatic flexure (RR, 5.42; 95% CI, 1.12-15.84), biliary system (RR, 13.14; 95% CI, 4.27-30.66), breast (RR, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.09-1.59), uterine cervix (RR, 1.61; 95% CI, 1.02-2.41), testes (RR, 2.78; 95% CI, 1.83-4.05), and hematopoietic system (RR, 1.83; 95% CI, 1.28-2.53). Among patients who had a first malignancy at ages 50 to 64 years, the risk was increased after cancers of the stomach (RR, 1.88; 95% CI, 1.13-2.93), hepatic flexure (RR, 2.25; 95% CI, 1.08-4.13), lung and bronchus (RR, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.16-1.82), pharynx (RR, 2.26; 95% CI, 1.13-4.04), and bladder (RR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.03-1.48). Among patients who had a primary cancer after age 65 years, the risk was increased after cancers of the stomach (RR, 1.79; 95% CI, 1.23-2.53), hepatic flexure (RR, 1.76; 95% CI, 1.06-2.75), biliary system (RR, 2.35; 95% CI, 1.17-4.20), and uterus (RR, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.03-1.47). CONCLUSIONS The results from the current population-based data set suggested that pancreatic adenocarcinoma is associated with certain primary cancers. Genetic predisposition and common environmental and behavioral risk factors all may contribute to this observation. Specific tumor associations will guide future risk-stratification efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Amin
- College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY and New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY
- Muzzi Mirza Pancreatic Cancer Prevention & Genetics Program, Columbia University, New York, NY and New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY
| | - Russell McBride
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center
| | - Jennie Kline
- Sergievsky Center, Columbia University, New York, NY and the New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health
| | - Elana B. Mitchel
- College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY and New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY
- Muzzi Mirza Pancreatic Cancer Prevention & Genetics Program, Columbia University, New York, NY and New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY
| | - Aimee L. Lucas
- Muzzi Mirza Pancreatic Cancer Prevention & Genetics Program, Columbia University, New York, NY and New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Columbia University, New York, NY and New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY and New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY
| | - Alfred I. Neugut
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY and New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center
| | - Harold Frucht
- Muzzi Mirza Pancreatic Cancer Prevention & Genetics Program, Columbia University, New York, NY and New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Columbia University, New York, NY and New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY and New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center
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Arousal of cancer-associated stroma: overexpression of palladin activates fibroblasts to promote tumor invasion. PLoS One 2012; 7:e30219. [PMID: 22291919 PMCID: PMC3264580 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0030219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2011] [Accepted: 12/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cancer-associated fibroblasts, comprised of activated fibroblasts or myofibroblasts, are found in the stroma surrounding solid tumors. These myofibroblasts promote invasion and metastasis of cancer cells. Mechanisms regulating the activation of the fibroblasts and the initiation of invasive tumorigenesis are of great interest. Upregulation of the cytoskeletal protein, palladin, has been detected in the stromal myofibroblasts surrounding many solid cancers and in expression screens for genes involved in invasion. Using a pancreatic cancer model, we investigated the functional consequence of overexpression of exogenous palladin in normal fibroblasts in vitro and its effect on the early stages of tumor invasion. Principal Findings Palladin expression in stromal fibroblasts occurs very early in tumorigenesis. In vivo, concordant expression of palladin and the myofibroblast marker, alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), occurs early at the dysplastic stages in peri-tumoral stroma and progressively increases in pancreatic tumorigenesis. In vitro introduction of exogenous 90 kD palladin into normal human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) induces activation of stromal fibroblasts into myofibroblasts as marked by induction of α-SMA and vimentin, and through the physical change of cell morphology. Moreover, palladin expression in the fibroblasts enhances cellular migration, invasion through the extracellular matrix, and creation of tunnels through which cancer cells can follow. The fibroblast invasion and creation of tunnels results from the development of invadopodia-like cellular protrusions which express invadopodia proteins and proteolytic enzymes. Palladin expression in fibroblasts is triggered by the co-culture of normal fibroblasts with k-ras-expressing epithelial cells. Conclusions Overall, palladin expression can impart myofibroblast properties, in turn promoting the invasive potential of these peri-tumoral cells with invadopodia-driven degradation of extracellular matrix. Palladin expression in fibroblasts can be triggered by k-ras expression in adjacent epithelial cells. This data supports a model whereby palladin-activated fibroblasts facilitate stromal-dependent metastasis and outgrowth of tumorigenic epithelium.
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Molecular biology of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma progression: aberrant activation of developmental pathways. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2011; 97:41-78. [PMID: 21074729 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-385233-5.00002-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Embryonic development marks a period of peak tissue growth and morphogenesis in the mammalian lifecycle. Many of the pathways that underlie cell proliferation and movement are relatively quiescent in adult animals but become reactivated during carcinogenesis. This phenomenon has been particularly well documented in pancreatic cancer, where detailed genetic studies and a robust mouse model have permitted investigators to test the role of various developmental signals in cancer progression. In this chapter, we review current knowledge regarding the signaling pathways that act during pancreatic development and the evidence that the reactivation of developmentally important signals is critical for the pathogenesis of this treatment-refractory malignancy.
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Zhou W, Cui S, Han S, Cheng B, Zheng Y, Zhang Y. Palladin is a novel binding partner of ILKAP in eukaryotic cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2011; 411:768-73. [PMID: 21782789 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2011] [Accepted: 07/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Palladin was a novel binding partner of ILKAP in eukaryotic cells. Palladin's C-terminal fragment including only its last three Ig domains (residues 710-1106) and the PP2C domain of ILKAP (residues 108-392) were necessary and sufficient for their interaction. The biological significance of the interaction between palladin and ILKAP was that palladin recruited the cytoplasmic ILKAP to initiate ILKAP-induced apoptosis. Our results suggested that palladin played a specific role in modulating the subcellular localization of the cytoplasmic ILKAP and promoting the ILKAP-induced apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, PR China
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31
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Gupta V, Bassi DE, Simons JD, Devarajan K, Al-Saleem T, Uzzo RG, Cukierman E. Elevated expression of stromal palladin predicts poor clinical outcome in renal cell carcinoma. PLoS One 2011; 6:e21494. [PMID: 21738681 PMCID: PMC3125241 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0021494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2011] [Accepted: 05/29/2011] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The role that stromal renal cell carcinoma (RCC) plays in support of tumor progression is unclear. Here we sought to determine the predictive value on patient survival of several markers of stromal activation and the feasibility of a fibroblast-derived extracellular matrix (ECM) based three-dimensional (3D) culture stemming from clinical specimens to recapitulate stromal behavior in vitro. The clinical relevance of selected stromal markers was assessed using a well annotated tumor microarray where stromal-marker levels of expression were evaluated and compared to patient outcomes. Also, an in vitro 3D system derived from fibroblasts harvested from patient matched normal kidney, primary RCC and metastatic tumors was employed to evaluate levels and localizations of known stromal markers such as the actin binding proteins palladin, alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), fibronectin and its spliced form EDA. Results suggested that RCCs exhibiting high levels of stromal palladin correlate with a poor prognosis, as demonstrated by overall survival time. Conversely, cases of RCCs where stroma presents low levels of palladin expression indicate increased survival times and, hence, better outcomes. Fibroblast-derived 3D cultures, which facilitate the categorization of stromal RCCs into discrete progressive stromal stages, also show increased levels of expression and stress fiber localization of α-SMA and palladin, as well as topographical organization of fibronectin and its splice variant EDA. These observations are concordant with expression levels of these markers in vivo. The study proposes that palladin constitutes a useful marker of poor prognosis in non-metastatic RCCs, while in vitro 3D cultures accurately represent the specific patient's tumor-associated stromal compartment. Our observations support the belief that stromal palladin assessments have clinical relevance thus validating the use of these 3D cultures to study both progressive RCC-associated stroma and stroma-dependent mechanisms affecting tumorigenesis. The clinical value of assessing RCC stromal activation merits further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivekanand Gupta
- Cancer Biology Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Daniel E. Bassi
- Cancer Biology Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey D. Simons
- Cancer Biology Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Karthik Devarajan
- Department of Biostatistics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Tahseen Al-Saleem
- Department of Pathology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Robert G. Uzzo
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Edna Cukierman
- Cancer Biology Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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32
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Jin L. The actin associated protein palladin in smooth muscle and in the development of diseases of the cardiovasculature and in cancer. J Muscle Res Cell Motil 2011; 32:7-17. [PMID: 21455759 DOI: 10.1007/s10974-011-9246-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2011] [Accepted: 03/22/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Palladin is an actin associated protein serving as a cytoskeleton scaffold, and actin cross linker, localizing at stress fibers, focal adhesions, and other actin based structures. Recent studies showed that palladin plays a critical role in smooth muscle differentiation, migration, contraction, and more importantly contributes to embryonic development. This review will focus on the functions and possible mechanisms of palladin in smooth muscle and in pathological conditions such as cardiovascular diseases and cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Jin
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.
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Strimpakos AS, Syrigos KN, Saif MW. The molecular targets for the diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic cancer. Gut Liver 2010; 4:433-49. [PMID: 21253292 PMCID: PMC3021599 DOI: 10.5009/gnl.2010.4.4.433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2010] [Accepted: 10/18/2010] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is considered an aggressive malignancy that responds poorly to current treatments and therefore has a dismal survival rate. This disease is usually not diagnosed until a late stage, at which point palliative chemotherapy with the purine analogue gemcitabine and/or a fluoropyrimidine or a platinum agent is the standard approach. There are some new data on the molecular and genetic changes that take place in pancreatic cancer, which may facilitate the accuracy of diagnosis and efficacy of treatments. However, translational efforts in clinical practice have increased clinicians' options with a targeted agent, erlotinib, in combination with the standard gemcitabine chemotherapy. Many other novel drugs currently being tested in the field of pharmaco-oncology target various altered biological pathways and molecules. Nevertheless, the lack of clinically significant improvements in treatments is rendering efforts to develop methods of early diagnosis both more urgent and promising. The aim of this review was to summarize the molecular basis of pancreatic carcinogenesis and the latest developments in diagnosis by molecular means, focusing on the results of clinical research into targeted and personalized treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kostas N. Syrigos
- Oncology Unit, 3rd Department of Medicine, Sotiria General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Muhammad Wasif Saif
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons and Pancreas Center at the New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
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Familial pancreatic cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2010; 2:1861-83. [PMID: 24281205 PMCID: PMC3840451 DOI: 10.3390/cancers2041861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2010] [Revised: 11/03/2010] [Accepted: 11/04/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer’s high mortality rate equates closely with its incidence, thereby showing the need for development of biomarkers of its increased risk and a better understanding of its genetics, so that high-risk patients can be better targeted for screening and early potential lifesaving diagnosis. Its phenotypic and genotypic heterogeneity is extensive and requires careful scrutiny of its pattern of cancer associations, such as malignant melanoma associated with pancreatic cancer, in the familial atypical multiple mole melanoma syndrome, due to the CDKN2A germline mutation. This review is designed to depict several of the hereditary pancreatic cancer syndromes with particular attention given to the clinical application of this knowledge into improved control of pancreatic cancer.
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Chin YR, Toker A. Akt2 regulates expression of the actin-bundling protein palladin. FEBS Lett 2010; 584:4769-74. [PMID: 21050850 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2010.10.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2010] [Accepted: 10/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt pathway is responsible for key aspects of tumor progression, and is frequently hyperactivated in cancer. We have recently identified palladin, an actin-bundling protein that functions to control the actin cytoskeleton, as an Akt1-specific substrate that inhibits breast cancer cell migration. Here we have identified a role for Akt isoforms in the regulation of palladin expression. Akt2, but not Akt1, enhances palladin expression by maintaining protein stability and upregulating transcription. These data reveal that Akt signaling regulates the stability of palladin, and further supports the notion that Akt isoforms have distinct and specific roles in tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Rebecca Chin
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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Verna EC, Hwang C, Stevens PD, Rotterdam H, Stavropoulos SN, Sy CD, Prince MA, Chung WK, Fine RL, Chabot JA, Frucht H. Pancreatic cancer screening in a prospective cohort of high-risk patients: a comprehensive strategy of imaging and genetics. Clin Cancer Res 2010; 16:5028-37. [PMID: 20876795 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-09-3209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Pancreatic cancer is a virtually uniformly fatal disease. We aimed to determine if screening to identify curable neoplasms is effective when offered to patients at high risk. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Patients at high risk of pancreatic cancer were prospectively enrolled into a screening program. Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and genetic testing were offered by a multidisciplinary team according to each patient's risk. RESULTS Fifty-one patients in 43 families were enrolled, with mean age of 52 years, 35% of whom were male. Of these patients, 31 underwent EUS and 33 MRI. EUS revealed two patients with pancreatic cancer (one resectable, one metastatic), five with intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMN), seven with cysts, and six with parenchymal changes. Five had pancreatic surgery (one total pancreatectomy for pancreatic cancer, three distal and one central pancreatectomy for pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia 2 and IPMN). A total of 24 (47%) had genetic testing (19 for BRCA1/2 mutations, 4 for CDKN2A, 1 for MLH1/MSH2) and 7 were positive for BRCA1/2 mutations. Four extrapancreatic neoplasms were found: two ovarian cancers on prophylactic total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, one carcinoid, and one papillary thyroid carcinoma. Overall, 6 (12%) of the 51 patients had neoplastic lesions in the pancreas and 9 (18%) had neoplasms in any location. All were on the initial round of screening. All patients remain alive and without complications of screening. CONCLUSIONS Pancreatic cancer screening for high-risk patients with a comprehensive strategy of imaging and genetics is effective and identifies curable neoplasms that can be resected. Ongoing study will better define who will benefit from screening and what screening strategy will be the most effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth C Verna
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Muzzi Mirza Pancreatic Cancer Prevention, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York 10032-3784, USA
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