1
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Stanciu SG, König K, Song YM, Wolf L, Charitidis CA, Bianchini P, Goetz M. Toward next-generation endoscopes integrating biomimetic video systems, nonlinear optical microscopy, and deep learning. BIOPHYSICS REVIEWS 2023; 4:021307. [PMID: 38510341 PMCID: PMC10903409 DOI: 10.1063/5.0133027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
According to the World Health Organization, the proportion of the world's population over 60 years will approximately double by 2050. This progressive increase in the elderly population will lead to a dramatic growth of age-related diseases, resulting in tremendous pressure on the sustainability of healthcare systems globally. In this context, finding more efficient ways to address cancers, a set of diseases whose incidence is correlated with age, is of utmost importance. Prevention of cancers to decrease morbidity relies on the identification of precursor lesions before the onset of the disease, or at least diagnosis at an early stage. In this article, after briefly discussing some of the most prominent endoscopic approaches for gastric cancer diagnostics, we review relevant progress in three emerging technologies that have significant potential to play pivotal roles in next-generation endoscopy systems: biomimetic vision (with special focus on compound eye cameras), non-linear optical microscopies, and Deep Learning. Such systems are urgently needed to enhance the three major steps required for the successful diagnostics of gastrointestinal cancers: detection, characterization, and confirmation of suspicious lesions. In the final part, we discuss challenges that lie en route to translating these technologies to next-generation endoscopes that could enhance gastrointestinal imaging, and depict a possible configuration of a system capable of (i) biomimetic endoscopic vision enabling easier detection of lesions, (ii) label-free in vivo tissue characterization, and (iii) intelligently automated gastrointestinal cancer diagnostic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan G. Stanciu
- Center for Microscopy-Microanalysis and Information Processing, University Politehnica of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | | | | | - Lior Wolf
- School of Computer Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Costas A. Charitidis
- Research Lab of Advanced, Composite, Nano-Materials and Nanotechnology, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Paolo Bianchini
- Nanoscopy and NIC@IIT, Italian Institute of Technology, Genoa, Italy
| | - Martin Goetz
- Medizinische Klinik IV-Gastroenterologie/Onkologie, Kliniken Böblingen, Klinikverbund Südwest, Böblingen, Germany
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2
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Harman RC, Lang RT, Kercher EM, Leven P, Spring BQ. Denoising multiplexed microscopy images in n-dimensional spectral space. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 13:4298-4309. [PMID: 36032573 PMCID: PMC9408246 DOI: 10.1364/boe.463979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Hyperspectral fluorescence microscopy images of biological specimens frequently contain multiple observations of a sparse set of spectral features spread in space with varying intensity. Here, we introduce a spectral vector denoising algorithm that filters out noise without sacrificing spatial information by leveraging redundant observations of spectral signatures. The algorithm applies an n-dimensional Chebyshev or Fourier transform to cluster pixels based on spectral similarity independent of pixel intensity or location, and a denoising convolution filter is then applied in this spectral space. The denoised image may then undergo spectral decomposition analysis with enhanced accuracy. Tests utilizing both simulated and empirical microscopy data indicate that denoising in 3 to 5-dimensional (3D to 5D) spectral spaces decreases unmixing error by up to 70% without degrading spatial resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca C. Harman
- Translational Biophotonics Cluster, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Physics, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ryan T. Lang
- Translational Biophotonics Cluster, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Physics, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Eric M. Kercher
- Translational Biophotonics Cluster, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Physics, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Paige Leven
- Translational Biophotonics Cluster, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Physics, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Bryan Q. Spring
- Translational Biophotonics Cluster, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Physics, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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3
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Patel KB, Liang W, Casper MJ, Voleti V, Li W, Yagielski AJ, Zhao HT, Perez Campos C, Lee GS, Liu JM, Philipone E, Yoon AJ, Olive KP, Coley SM, Hillman EMC. High-speed light-sheet microscopy for the in-situ acquisition of volumetric histological images of living tissue. Nat Biomed Eng 2022; 6:569-583. [PMID: 35347275 PMCID: PMC10353946 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-022-00849-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Histological examinations typically require the excision of tissue, followed by its fixation, slicing, staining, mounting and imaging, with timeframes ranging from minutes to days. This process may remove functional tissue, may miss abnormalities through under-sampling, prevents rapid decision-making, and increases costs. Here, we report the feasibility of microscopes based on swept confocally aligned planar excitation technology for the volumetric histological imaging of intact living tissue in real time. The systems' single-objective, light-sheet geometry and 3D imaging speeds enable roving image acquisition, which combined with 3D stitching permits the contiguous analysis of large tissue areas, as well as the dynamic assessment of tissue perfusion and function. Implemented in benchtop and miniaturized form factors, the microscopes also have high sensitivity, even for weak intrinsic fluorescence, allowing for the label-free imaging of diagnostically relevant histoarchitectural structures, as we show for pancreatic disease in living mice, for chronic kidney disease in fresh human kidney tissues, and for oral mucosa in a healthy volunteer. Miniaturized high-speed light-sheet microscopes for in-situ volumetric histological imaging may facilitate the point-of-care detection of diverse cellular-level biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kripa B Patel
- Laboratory for Functional Optical Imaging, Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Radiology and the Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wenxuan Liang
- Laboratory for Functional Optical Imaging, Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Radiology and the Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Malte J Casper
- Laboratory for Functional Optical Imaging, Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Radiology and the Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Venkatakaushik Voleti
- Laboratory for Functional Optical Imaging, Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Radiology and the Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wenze Li
- Laboratory for Functional Optical Imaging, Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Radiology and the Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alexis J Yagielski
- Laboratory for Functional Optical Imaging, Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Radiology and the Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hanzhi T Zhao
- Laboratory for Functional Optical Imaging, Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Radiology and the Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Citlali Perez Campos
- Laboratory for Functional Optical Imaging, Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Radiology and the Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Grace Sooyeon Lee
- Laboratory for Functional Optical Imaging, Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Radiology and the Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joyce M Liu
- Laboratory for Functional Optical Imaging, Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Radiology and the Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elizabeth Philipone
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Angela J Yoon
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kenneth P Olive
- Division of Digestive and Liver Disease, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shana M Coley
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elizabeth M C Hillman
- Laboratory for Functional Optical Imaging, Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Radiology and the Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
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4
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Lang RT, Spring BQ. Two-photon peak molecular brightness spectra reveal long-wavelength enhancements of multiplexed imaging depth and photostability. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 12:5909-5919. [PMID: 34692224 PMCID: PMC8515958 DOI: 10.1364/boe.433989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The broad use of two-photon microscopy has been enabled in part by Ti:Sapphire femtosecond lasers, which offer a wavelength-tunable source of pulsed excitation. Action spectra have thus been primarily reported for the tunable range of Ti:Sapphire lasers (∼700-1000 nm). However, longer wavelengths offer deeper imaging in tissue via reduced scattering and spectral dips in water absorption, and new generations of pulsed lasers offer wider tunable ranges. We present the peak molecular brightness spectra for eight Alexa Fluor dyes between 700-1300 nm as a first-order surrogate for action spectra measured with an unmodified commercial microscope, which reveal overlapping long-wavelength excitation peaks with potential for multiplexed excitation. We demonstrate simultaneous single-wavelength excitation of six spectrally overlapping fluorophores using either short (∼790 nm) or long (∼1090 nm) wavelengths, and that the newly characterized excitation peaks measured past 1000 nm offer improved photostability and enhanced fidelity of linear spectral unmixing at depth compared to shorter wavelengths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan T. Lang
- Translational Biophotonics Cluster, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Bryan Q. Spring
- Translational Biophotonics Cluster, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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5
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Bares AJ, Mejooli MA, Pender MA, Leddon SA, Tilley S, Lin K, Dong J, Kim M, Fowell DJ, Nishimura N, Schaffer CB. Hyperspectral multiphoton microscopy for in vivo visualization of multiple, spectrally overlapped fluorescent labels. OPTICA 2020; 7:1587-1601. [PMID: 33928182 PMCID: PMC8081374 DOI: 10.1364/optica.389982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The insensitivity of multiphoton microscopy to optical scattering enables high-resolution, high-contrast imaging deep into tissue, including in live animals. Scattering does, however, severely limit the use of spectral dispersion techniques to improve spectral resolution. In practice, this limited spectral resolution together with the need for multiple excitation wavelengths to excite different fluorophores limits multiphoton microscopy to imaging a few, spectrally-distinct fluorescent labels at a time, restricting the complexity of biological processes that can be studied. Here, we demonstrate a hyperspectral multiphoton microscope that utilizes three different wavelength excitation sources together with multiplexed fluorescence emission detection using angle-tuned bandpass filters. This microscope maintains scattering insensitivity, while providing high enough spectral resolution on the emitted fluorescence and capitalizing on the wavelength-dependent nonlinear excitation of fluorescent dyes to enable clean separation of multiple, spectrally overlapping labels, in vivo. We demonstrated the utility of this instrument for spectral separation of closely-overlapped fluorophores in samples containing ten different colors of fluorescent beads, live cells expressing up to seven different fluorescent protein fusion constructs, and in multiple in vivo preparations in mouse cortex and inflamed skin with up to eight different cell types or tissue structures distinguished.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J. Bares
- The Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Menansili A. Mejooli
- The Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Mitchell A. Pender
- The Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Scott A. Leddon
- Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, Dept. of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Steven Tilley
- The Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Karen Lin
- The Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Jingyuan Dong
- The Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Minsoo Kim
- Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, Dept. of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Deborah J. Fowell
- Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, Dept. of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Nozomi Nishimura
- The Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Chris B. Schaffer
- The Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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6
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Favreau PF, Deal JA, Harris B, Weber DS, Rich TC, Leavesley SJ. Label-free spectroscopic tissue characterization using fluorescence excitation-scanning spectral imaging. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2020; 13:e201900183. [PMID: 31566889 PMCID: PMC8491137 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201900183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Spectral imaging approaches provide new possibilities for measuring and discriminating fluorescent molecules in living cells and tissues. These approaches often employ tunable filters and robust image processing algorithms to identify many fluorescent labels in a single image set. Here, we present results from a novel spectral imaging technology that scans the fluorescence excitation spectrum, demonstrating that excitation-scanning hyperspectral image data can discriminate among tissue types and estimate the molecular composition of tissues. This approach allows fast, accurate quantification of many fluorescent species from multivariate image data without the need of exogenous labels or dyes. We evaluated the ability of the excitation-scanning approach to identify endogenous fluorescence signatures in multiple unlabeled tissue types. Signatures were screened using multi-pass principal component analysis. Endmember extraction techniques revealed conserved autofluorescent signatures across multiple tissue types. We further examined the ability to detect known molecular signatures by constructing spectral libraries of common endogenous fluorophores and applying multiple spectral analysis techniques on test images from lung, liver and kidney. Spectral deconvolution revealed structure-specific morphologic contrast generated from pure molecule signatures. These results demonstrate that excitation-scanning spectral imaging, coupled with spectral imaging processing techniques, provides an approach for discriminating among tissue types and assessing the molecular composition of tissues. Additionally, excitation scanning offers the ability to rapidly screen molecular markers across a range of tissues without using fluorescent labels. This approach lays the groundwork for translation of excitation-scanning technologies to clinical imaging platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter F Favreau
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Joshua A Deal
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama
| | - Bradley Harris
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama
| | - David S Weber
- Department of Physiology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama
| | - Thomas C Rich
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama
| | - Silas J Leavesley
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama
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7
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Pre-Cancerous Stomach Lesion Detections with Multispectral-Augmented Endoscopic Prototype. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10030795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we are interested in the in vivo detection of pre-cancerous stomach lesions. Pre-cancerous lesions are unfortunately rarely explored in research papers as most of them are focused on cancer detection or conducted ex-vivo. For this purpose, a novel prototype is introduced. It consists of a standard endoscope with multispectral cameras, an optical setup, a fiberscope, and an external light source. Reflectance spectra are acquired in vivo on 16 patients with a healthy stomach, chronic gastritis, or intestinal metaplasia. A specific pipeline has been designed for the classification of spectra between healthy mucosa and different pathologies. The pipeline includes a wavelength clustering algorithm, spectral features computation, and the training of a classifier in a “leave one patient out” manner. Good classification results, around 80%, have been obtained, and two attractive wavelength ranges were found in the red and near-infrared ranges: [745, 755 nm] and [780, 840 nm]. The new prototype and the associated results give good arguments in favor of future common use in operating rooms, during upper gastrointestinal exploration of the stomach for the detection of stomach diseases.
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8
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Li X, Li H, He X, Chen T, Xia X, Yang C, Zheng W. Spectrum- and time-resolved endogenous multiphoton signals reveal quantitative differentiation of premalignant and malignant gastric mucosa. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 9:453-471. [PMID: 29552386 PMCID: PMC5854051 DOI: 10.1364/boe.9.000453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 12/25/2017] [Accepted: 12/30/2017] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Early identification of premalignant and malignant gastric mucosa is crucial to decrease the incidence and mortality of stomach cancer. Spectrum- and time-resolved multiphoton microscopy are capable of providing not only structural but also biochemical information at the subcellular level. Based on this multidimensional imaging technique, we performed a systematic investigation on fresh human tissue specimens at the typical stages of gastric carcinogenesis, including normal, chronic gastritis with erosion, chronic gastritis with intestinal metaplasia, and intestinal-type adenocarcinoma. The results demonstrate that this technique is available to characterize the three-dimensional subcellular morphological and biochemical properties of gastric mucosa and further provide quantitative indicators of different gastric disorders, by using endogenous contrast. With advances in multiphoton endoscopy, it has the potential to allow noninvasive, label-free, real-time histological and functional diagnosis of premalignant and malignant lesions of stomach in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shen Zhen 518036, China
- Authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Hui Li
- Research Laboratory for Biomedical Optics and Molecular Imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Xingzhen He
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou 310007, China
| | - Tingai Chen
- Research Laboratory for Biomedical Optics and Molecular Imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xianyuan Xia
- Research Laboratory for Biomedical Optics and Molecular Imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Chunxia Yang
- Department of Pathology, Jinchang First People's Hospital, Jinchang 737109, China
| | - Wei Zheng
- Research Laboratory for Biomedical Optics and Molecular Imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
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9
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Beack S, Cho M, Kim YE, Ahn GO, Hahn SK. Hyaluronate-Peanut Agglutinin Conjugates for Target-Specific Bioimaging of Colon Cancer. Bioconjug Chem 2017; 28:1434-1442. [PMID: 28345902 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.7b00126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Colon cancer is one of the most common death-related cancers in the world. For treating colon cancer, it is crucial to detect and remove malignant lesions early. Here, we developed hyaluronate (HA)-peanut agglutinin (PNA) conjugates for the bioimaging of colon cancer. The HA-PNA conjugates were successfully synthesized by the coupling reaction between aldehyde-modified HA and the N-terminal amine group of PNA. For diagnostic imaging, rhodamine B (RhoB) was chemically conjugated onto PNA in HA-PNA conjugates. After intraluminal injection of HA-PNA-RhoB conjugates into tumor-bearing mice, small-sized colon cancers could be effectively visualized by ex vivo imaging with an in vivo imaging system (IVIS) and a two-photon microscope. With these results taken together, we could confirm the feasibility of HA-PNA-RhoB conjugates as a bioimaging agent for detecting colon cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songeun Beack
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and ‡Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) , 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Minsoo Cho
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and ‡Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) , 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Young-Eun Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and ‡Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) , 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - G-One Ahn
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and ‡Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) , 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Sei Kwang Hahn
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and ‡Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) , 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang 37673, Korea
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10
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Lunardi CN, Gomes AJ, Palepu S, Galwaduge PT, Hillman EM. PLGA nano/microparticles loaded with cresyl violet as a tracer for drug delivery: Characterization and in-situ hyperspectral fluorescence and 2-photon localization. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 70:505-511. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Revised: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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11
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Al-Rawhani MA, Beeley J, Cumming DRS. Wireless fluorescence capsule for endoscopy using single photon-based detection. Sci Rep 2015; 5:18591. [PMID: 26678456 PMCID: PMC4683524 DOI: 10.1038/srep18591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluorescence Imaging (FI) is a powerful technique in biological science and clinical medicine. Current FI devices that are used either for in-vivo or in-vitro studies are expensive, bulky and consume substantial power, confining the technique to laboratories and hospital examination rooms. Here we present a miniaturised wireless fluorescence endoscope capsule with low power consumption that will pave the way for future FI systems and applications. With enhanced sensitivity compared to existing technology we have demonstrated that the capsule can be successfully used to image tissue autofluorescence and targeted fluorescence via fluorophore labelling of tissues. The capsule incorporates a state-of-the-art complementary metal oxide semiconductor single photon avalanche detector imaging array, miniaturised optical isolation, wireless technology and low power design. When in use the capsule consumes only 30.9 mW, and deploys very low-level 468 nm illumination. The device has the potential to replace highly power-hungry intrusive optical fibre based endoscopes and to extend the range of clinical examination below the duodenum. To demonstrate the performance of our capsule, we imaged fluorescence phantoms incorporating principal tissue fluorophores (flavins) and absorbers (haemoglobin). We also demonstrated the utility of marker identification by imaging a 20 μM fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) labelling solution on mammalian tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - James Beeley
- School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Oakfield Avenue, Glasgow G12 8LT, UK
| | - David R S Cumming
- School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Oakfield Avenue, Glasgow G12 8LT, UK
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12
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Coda S, Siersema PD, Stamp GWH, Thillainayagam AV. Biophotonic endoscopy: a review of clinical research techniques for optical imaging and sensing of early gastrointestinal cancer. Endosc Int Open 2015; 3:E380-92. [PMID: 26528489 PMCID: PMC4612244 DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1392513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Detection, characterization, and staging constitute the fundamental elements in the endoscopic diagnosis of gastrointestinal diseases, but histology still remains the diagnostic gold standard. New developments in endoscopic techniques may challenge histopathology in the near future. An ideal endoscopic technique should combine a wide-field, "red flag" screening technique with an optical contrast or microscopy method for characterization and staging, all simultaneously available during the procedure. In theory, biophotonic advances have the potential to unite these elements to allow in vivo "optical biopsy." These techniques may ultimately offer the potential to increase the rates of detection of high risk lesions and the ability to target biopsies and resections, and so reduce the need for biopsy, costs, and uncertainty for patients. However, their utility and sensitivity in clinical practice must be evaluated against those of conventional histopathology. This review describes some of the most recent applications of biophotonics in endoscopic optical imaging and metrology, along with their fundamental principles and the clinical experience that has been acquired in their deployment as tools for the endoscopist. Particular emphasis has been placed on translational label-free optical techniques, such as fluorescence spectroscopy, fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM), two-photon and multi-photon microscopy, second harmonic generation (SHG) and third harmonic generation (THG) imaging, optical coherence tomography (OCT), diffuse reflectance, Raman spectroscopy, and molecular imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Coda
- Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom,Photonics Group, Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom,Endoscopy Unit, Department of Gastroenterology, Charing Cross Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom,Department of Endoscopy, North East London NHS Treatment Centre, Care UK, London, United Kingdom,Corresponding author Sergio Coda, MD, PhD Imperial College London – Medicine and PhysicsPrince Consort RoadLondon SW7 2AZUnited Kingdom+44-20-75947714
| | - Peter D. Siersema
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Gordon W. H. Stamp
- Photonics Group, Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom,Experimental Histopathology Laboratory, Cancer Research UK London Research Institute, London, United Kingdom,Department of Histopathology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew V. Thillainayagam
- Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom,Photonics Group, Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom,Endoscopy Unit, Department of Gastroenterology, Charing Cross Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
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13
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Galwaduge PT, Kim SH, Grosberg LE, Hillman EMC. Simple wavefront correction framework for two-photon microscopy of in-vivo brain. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 6:2997-3013. [PMID: 26309763 PMCID: PMC4541527 DOI: 10.1364/boe.6.002997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Revised: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
We present an easily implemented wavefront correction scheme that has been specifically designed for in-vivo brain imaging. The system can be implemented with a single liquid crystal spatial light modulator (LCSLM), which makes it compatible with existing patterned illumination setups, and provides measurable signal improvements even after a few seconds of optimization. The optimization scheme is signal-based and does not require exogenous guide-stars, repeated image acquisition or beam constraint. The unconstrained beam approach allows the use of Zernike functions for aberration correction and Hadamard functions for scattering correction. Low order corrections performed in mouse brain were found to be valid up to hundreds of microns away from the correction location.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. T. Galwaduge
- Laboratory for Functional Optical Imaging, Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Radiology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - S. H. Kim
- Laboratory for Functional Optical Imaging, Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Radiology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - L. E. Grosberg
- Laboratory for Functional Optical Imaging, Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Radiology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - E. M. C. Hillman
- Laboratory for Functional Optical Imaging, Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Radiology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
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14
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Kim B, Lee SH, Yoon CJ, Gho YS, Ahn GO, Kim KH. In vivo visualization of skin inflammation by optical coherence tomography and two-photon microscopy. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 6:2512-2521. [PMID: 26203377 PMCID: PMC4505705 DOI: 10.1364/boe.6.002512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Revised: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is a non-specific immune response to injury intended to protect biological tissue from harmful stimuli such as pathogens, irritants, and damaged cells. In vivo optical tissue imaging has been used to provide spatial and dynamic characteristics of inflammation within the tissue. In this paper, we report in vivo visualization of inflammation in the skin at both cellular and physiological levels by using a combination of label-free two-photon microscopy (TPM) and optical coherence tomography (OCT). Skin inflammation was induced by topically applying lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on the mouse ear. Temporal OCT imaging visualized tissue swelling, vasodilation, and increased capillary density 30 min and 1 hour after application. TPM imaging showed immune cell migration within the inflamed skin. Combined OCT and TPM was applied to obtain complementary information from each modality in the same region of interest. The information provided by each modality were consistent with previous reports about the characteristics of inflammation. Therefore, the combination of OCT and TPM holds potential for studying inflammation of the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bumju Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 790-784, South Korea
| | - Seung Hun Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 790-784, South Korea
| | - Calvin J. Yoon
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 790-784, South Korea
| | - Yong Song Gho
- Department of Life Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 790-784, South Korea
- Division of Molecular and Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 790-784, South Korea
| | - G-One Ahn
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 790-784, South Korea
- Department of Life Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 790-784, South Korea
| | - Ki Hean Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 790-784, South Korea
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 790-784, South Korea
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15
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Choi H, Wadduwage D, Matsudaira PT, So PT. Depth resolved hyperspectral imaging spectrometer based on structured light illumination and Fourier transform interferometry. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2014; 5:3494-507. [PMID: 25360367 PMCID: PMC4206319 DOI: 10.1364/boe.5.003494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A depth resolved hyperspectral imaging spectrometer can provide depth resolved imaging both in the spatial and the spectral domain. Images acquired through a standard imaging Fourier transform spectrometer do not have the depth-resolution. By post processing the spectral cubes (x, y, λ) obtained through a Sagnac interferometer under uniform illumination and structured illumination, spectrally resolved images with depth resolution can be recovered using structured light illumination algorithms such as the HiLo method. The proposed scheme is validated with in vitro specimens including fluorescent solution and fluorescent beads with known spectra. The system is further demonstrated in quantifying spectra from 3D resolved features in biological specimens. The system has demonstrated depth resolution of 1.8 μm and spectral resolution of 7 nm respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heejin Choi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Dushan Wadduwage
- BioSym, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore 138602, Singapore
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 138602, Singapore
| | - Paul T. Matsudaira
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 138602, Singapore
| | - Peter T.C. So
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- BioSym, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore 138602, Singapore
- Laser Biomedical Research Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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16
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Chen Y, Chen J, Chen H, Hong Z, Zhu X, Zhuo S, Chen Y, Chen J. Multiphoton microscopy as a diagnostic imaging modality for pancreatic neoplasms without hematoxylin and eosin stains. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2014; 19:96008. [PMID: 25216027 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.19.9.096008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining of tissue samples is the standard approach in histopathology for imaging and diagnosing cancer. Recent reports have shown that multiphoton microscopy (MPM) provides better sample interface with single-cell resolution, which enhances traditional H&E staining and offers a powerful diagnostic tool with potential applications in oncology. The purpose of this study was to further expand the versatility of MPM by establishing the optical parameters required for imaging unstained histological sections of pancreatic neoplasms, thereby providing an efficient and environmentally sustainable alternative to H&E staining while improving the accuracy of pancreatic cancer diagnoses. We found that the high-resolution MPM images clearly distinguish between the structure of normal pancreatic tissues compared with pancreatic neoplasms in unstained histological sections, and discernable differences in tissue architecture and cell morphology between normal versus tumorigenic cells led to enhanced optical diagnosis of cancerous tissue. Moreover, quantitative assessment of the cytomorphological features visualized from MPM images showed significant differences in the nuclear–cytoplasmic ratios of pancreatic neoplasms compared with normal pancreas, as well as further distinguished pancreatic malignant tumors from benign tumors. These results indicate that the MPM could potentially serve as an optical tool for the diagnosis of pancreatic neoplasms in unstained histological sections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youting Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fuzhou 350005, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Fujian Normal University, Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Photonics Technology, Institute of Laser and Optoelectronics Technology, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Hong Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Department of Pathology, Fuzhou 350005, China
| | - Zhipeng Hong
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fuzhou 350005, China
| | - Xiaoqin Zhu
- Fujian Normal University, Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Photonics Technology, Institute of Laser and Optoelectronics Technology, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Shuangmu Zhuo
- Fujian Normal University, Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Photonics Technology, Institute of Laser and Optoelectronics Technology, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Yanling Chen
- The Affiliated Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - Jianxin Chen
- Fujian Normal University, Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Photonics Technology, Institute of Laser and Optoelectronics Technology, Fuzhou 350007, China
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17
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Wang T, Li Q, Xiao P, Ahn J, Kim YE, Park Y, Kim M, Song M, Chung E, Chung WK, Ahn GO, Kim S, Kim P, Myung SJ, Kim KH. Gradient index lens based combined two-photon microscopy and optical coherence tomography. OPTICS EXPRESS 2014; 22:12962-70. [PMID: 24921493 DOI: 10.1364/oe.22.012962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
We report a miniaturized probe-based combined two-photon microscopy (TPM) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) system. This system is to study the colorectal cancer in mouse models by visualizing both cellular and structural information of the colon in 3D with TPM and OCT respectively. The probe consisted of gradient index (GRIN) lenses and a 90° reflecting prism at its distal end for side-viewing, and it was added onto an objective lens-based TPM and OCT system. The probe was 2.2 mm in diameter and 60 mm in length. TPM imaging was performed by raster scanning of the excitation focus at the imaging speed of 15.4 frames/s. OCT imaging was performed by combining the linear sample translation and probe rotation along its axis. This miniaturized probe based dual-modal system was characterized with tissue phantoms containing fluorescent microspheres, and applied to image mouse colonic tissues ex vivo as a demonstration. As OCT and TPM provided structural and cellular information of the tissues respectively, this probe based multi-modal imaging system can be helpful for in vivo studies of preclinical animal models such as mouse colonic tumorigenesis.
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18
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Coda S, Thillainayagam AV. State of the art in advanced endoscopic imaging for the detection and evaluation of dysplasia and early cancer of the gastrointestinal tract. Clin Exp Gastroenterol 2014; 7:133-50. [PMID: 24868168 PMCID: PMC4028486 DOI: 10.2147/ceg.s58157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ideally, endoscopists should be able to detect, characterize, and confirm the nature of a lesion at the bedside, minimizing uncertainties and targeting biopsies and resections only where necessary. However, under conventional white-light inspection – at present, the sole established technique available to most of humanity – premalignant conditions and early cancers can frequently escape detection. In recent years, a range of innovative techniques have entered the endoscopic arena due to their ability to enhance the contrast of diseased tissue regions beyond what is inherently possible with standard white-light endoscopy equipment. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the state-of-the-art advanced endoscopic imaging techniques available for clinical use that are impacting the way precancerous and neoplastic lesions of the gastrointestinal tract are currently detected and characterized at endoscopy. The basic instrumentation and the physics behind each method, followed by the most influential clinical experience, are described. High-definition endoscopy, with or without optical magnification, has contributed to higher detection rates compared with white-light endoscopy alone and has now replaced ordinary equipment in daily practice. Contrast-enhancement techniques, whether dye-based or computed, have been combined with white-light endoscopy to further improve its accuracy, but histology is still required to clarify the diagnosis. Optical microscopy techniques such as confocal laser endomicroscopy and endocytoscopy enable in vivo histology during endoscopy; however, although of invaluable assistance for tissue characterization, they have not yet made transition between research and clinical use. It is still unknown which approach or combination of techniques offers the best potential. The optimal method will entail the ability to survey wide areas of tissue in concert with the ability to obtain the degree of detailed information provided by microscopic techniques. In this respect, the challenging combination of autofluorescence imaging and confocal endomicroscopy seems promising, and further research is awaited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Coda
- Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine and Photonics Group, Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, UK ; Endoscopy Unit, Charing Cross Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Andrew V Thillainayagam
- Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine and Photonics Group, Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, UK ; Endoscopy Unit, Charing Cross Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
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19
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Dittmar R, van Dijk BGM, van Zandvoort MAMJ, Ito K. In situ label-free cell viability assessment of nucleus pulposus tissue. J Orthop Res 2014; 32:545-50. [PMID: 24391094 DOI: 10.1002/jor.22576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Accepted: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Regenerative medicine approaches aiming at treating degenerating intervertebral discs, a major cause of back pain, are increasingly tested in ex-vivo disc explant models mimicking in-vivo conditions. For assessing the efficacy of regenerative therapies, cell viability is commonly measured requiring specific labels to stain cells. Here, we demonstrate and evaluate how cellular auto-fluorescence can be utilized to non-invasively assess viability in disc tissue in-situ using label-free two-photon microscopy. Live and dead bovine disc cells (0% and 100% cell viability) from the nucleus pulposus were seeded into collagen gels and auto-fluorescence was characterized. Subsequently, nucleus pulposus explants were cultured for 6 days in media with different glucose supplementation (0, 0.25, 0.5, and 1 g/L) to induce different degrees of cell death. Then, samples were split and viability was assessed using label-free two-photon microscopy and conventional staining. Results show that live and dead nucleus pulposus cells systematically emit auto-fluorescent light with distinct characteristics. Cell viability values obtained with label-free microscopy did not significantly differ from those acquired with staining. In summary, monitoring auto-fluorescence facilitates accurate cell viability assessment in nucleus tissue requiring no additional dyes. Thus, this technique may be suitable for pre-clinical testing of regenerative therapies in nucleus pulposus cultures. © 2014 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 32:545-550, 2014.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Dittmar
- Orthopaedic Biomechanics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, GEM-Z 4.115, 5600 MB Eindhoven, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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20
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Crosignani V, Dvornikov A, Aguilar JS, Stringari C, Edwards R, Mantulin WW, Gratton E. Deep tissue fluorescence imaging and in vivo biological applications. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2012; 17:116023. [PMID: 23214184 PMCID: PMC3494495 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.17.11.116023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2012] [Revised: 08/28/2012] [Accepted: 10/16/2012] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
We describe a novel technical approach with enhanced fluorescence detection capabilities in twophoton microscopy that achieves deep tissue imaging, while maintaining micron resolution. Compared to conventional two-photon microscopy, greater imaging depth is achieved by more efficient harvesting of fluorescence photons propagating in multiple-scattering media. The system maintains the conventional two-photon microscopy scheme for excitation. However, for fluorescence collection the detection system harvests fluorescence photons directly from a wide area of the turbid sample. The detection scheme relies on a wide area detector, minimal optical components and an emission path bathed in a refractive-index-matching fluid that minimizes emission photon losses. This detection scheme proved to be very efficient, allowing us to obtain high resolution images at depths up to 3 mm. This technique was applied to in vivo imaging of the murine small intestine (SI) and colon. The challenge is to image normal and diseased tissue in the whole live animal, while maintaining high resolution imaging at millimeter depth. In Lgr5-GFP mice, we have been successful in imaging Lgr5-eGFP positive stem cells, present in SI and colon crypt bases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viera Crosignani
- University of California at Irvine, Laboratory for Fluorescence Dynamics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Irvine, California 92697
| | - Alexander Dvornikov
- University of California at Irvine, Laboratory for Fluorescence Dynamics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Irvine, California 92697
| | - Jose S Aguilar
- University of California at Irvine, Laboratory for Fluorescence Dynamics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Irvine, California 92697
| | - Chiara Stringari
- University of California at Irvine, Laboratory for Fluorescence Dynamics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Irvine, California 92697
| | - Robert Edwards
- University of California at Irvine, School of Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Irvine, California 92697
| | - William W. Mantulin
- University of California at Irvine, Laboratory for Fluorescence Dynamics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Irvine, California 92697
- University of California at Irvine, Beckman Laser Institute, Irvine, California 92697
| | - Enrico Gratton
- University of California at Irvine, Laboratory for Fluorescence Dynamics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Irvine, California 92697
- University of California at Irvine, Beckman Laser Institute, Irvine, California 92697
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21
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Kahn E, Tissot N, Frere P, Dauphin A, Boumhras M, Bachelet CM, Frouin F, Lizard G. Fluorescence excitation analysis by two-photon confocal laser scanning microscopy: a new method to identify fluorescent nanoparticles on histological tissue sections. Int J Nanomedicine 2012; 7:5545-54. [PMID: 23109806 PMCID: PMC3481855 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s33875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we make use of the ability of two-photon confocal laser scanning microscopes (CLSMs) equipped with tunable lasers to produce spectral excitation image sequences. Furthermore, unmixing, which is usually performed on emission image sequences, is performed on these excitation image sequences. We use factor analysis of medical image sequences (FAMIS), which produces factor images, to unmix spectral image sequences of stained structures in tissue sections to provide images of characterized stained cellular structures. This new approach is applied to histological tissue sections of mouse aorta containing labeled iron nanoparticles stained with Texas Red and counterstained with SYTO13, to obtain visual information about the accumulation of these nanoparticles in the arterial wall. The possible presence of Texas Red is determined using a two-photon CLSM associated with FAMIS via the excitation spectra. Texas Red and SYTO13 are thus differentiated, and corresponding factor images specify their possible presence and cellular localization. In conclusion, the designed protocol shows that sequences of images obtained by excitation in a two-photon CLSM enables characterization of Texas Red-stained nanoparticles and other markers. This methodology offers an alternative and complementary solution to the conventional use of emission spectra unmixing to localize fluorescent nanoparticles in tissue samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edmond Kahn
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U678/UMR-S UPMC, CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.
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22
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Makino T, Jain M, Montrose DC, Aggarwal A, Sterling J, Bosworth BP, Milsom JW, Robinson BD, Shevchuk MM, Kawaguchi K, Zhang N, Brown CM, Rivera DR, Williams WO, Xu C, Dannenberg AJ, Mukherjee S. Multiphoton tomographic imaging: a potential optical biopsy tool for detecting gastrointestinal inflammation and neoplasia. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2012; 5:1280-90. [PMID: 22961775 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-12-0132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Endoscopy is widely used to detect and remove premalignant lesions with the goal of preventing gastrointestinal (GI) cancers. Because current endoscopes do not provide cellular resolution, all suspicious lesions are biopsied and subjected to histologic evaluation. Technologies that facilitate directed biopsies should decrease both procedure-related morbidity and cost. Here we explore the use of multiphoton microscopy (MPM), an optical biopsy tool that relies on intrinsic tissue emissions, to evaluate pathology in both experimental and human GI specimens, using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained sections from these tissues for comparison. After evaluating the entire normal mouse GI tract, MPM was used to investigate disease progression in mouse models of colitis and colorectal carcinogenesis. MPM provided sufficient histologic detail to identify all relevant substructures in ex vivo normal GI tissue, visualize both acute and resolving stages of colitis, and show the progression of colorectal carcinogenesis. Next, ex vivo specimens from human subjects with celiac sprue, inflammatory bowel disease, and colorectal neoplasia were imaged by MPM. Finally, colonic mucosa in live anesthetized rats was imaged in vivo using a flexible endoscope prototype. In both animal models and human specimens, MPM images showed a striking similarity to the results of H&E staining, as shown by the 100% concordance achieved by the study pathologists' diagnoses. In summary, MPM is a promising technique that accurately visualizes histology in fresh, unstained tissues. Our findings support the continued development of MPM as a technology to enhance the early detection of GI pathologies including premalignant lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoki Makino
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA
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Metabolic trajectory of cellular differentiation in small intestine by Phasor Fluorescence Lifetime Microscopy of NADH. Sci Rep 2012; 2:568. [PMID: 22891156 PMCID: PMC3416911 DOI: 10.1038/srep00568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2012] [Accepted: 07/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a lack of fast and high resolution methods to measure metabolic activity of single cells in their native environment. Here we develop a straightforward, non-invasive and sensitive method to measure metabolic phenotype of single cells in a live tissue. By using NADH as optical biomarker and the phasor approach to Fluorescence Lifetime microscopy (FLIM) we identify cellular metabolic fingerprints related to different rates of oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis. For the first time we measure a three dimensional metabolic gradient in the small intestine (SI) epithelia that appears tightly associated with epithelial cell proliferation, differentiation and the Wnt gradient. The highest free/bound NADH ratios are measured at the base of the crypt within the highly proliferative stem cells, indicating high levels of glycolysis. For the first time mouse small intestinal stem cells in intact live crypts are identified within the tissue by their metabolic fingerprint.
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24
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Grosberg LE, Chen BR, Hillman EMC. Simultaneous multiplane in vivo nonlinear microscopy using spectral encoding. OPTICS LETTERS 2012; 37:2967-9. [PMID: 22825194 PMCID: PMC3708965 DOI: 10.1364/ol.37.002967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Conventional point-by-point imaging schemes for laser scanning microscopy limit acquisition speeds, particularly when imaging three-dimensional volumes. We report a novel approach that achieves parallelization of multiple fields of view through the use of spectral encoding. By focusing two or more beams of different wavelengths at different positions within a suitable tissue, fluorescence or second/third harmonic generation emissions from these regions can be uniquely separated. We demonstrate that this approach can allow simultaneous in vivo imaging of fluorescence in two planes within the living rodent cortex, and of second harmonic generation in fresh tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E Grosberg
- Laboratory for Functional Optical Imaging, Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Radiology, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA.
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25
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Martin R, Thies B, Gerstner AO. Hyperspectral hybrid method classification for detecting altered mucosa of the human larynx. Int J Health Geogr 2012; 11:21. [PMID: 22720905 PMCID: PMC3787854 DOI: 10.1186/1476-072x-11-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2012] [Accepted: 05/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In the field of earth observation, hyperspectral detector systems allow precise target detections of surface components from remote sensing platforms. This enables specific land covers to be identified without the need to physically travel to the areas examined. In the medical field, efforts are underway to develop optical technologies that detect altering tissue surfaces without the necessity to perform an excisional biopsy. With the establishment of expedient classification procedures, hyperspectral imaging may provide a non-invasive diagnostic method that allows determination of pathological tissue with high reliability. In this study, we examined the performance of a hyperspectral hybrid method classification for the automatic detection of altered mucosa of the human larynx. Materials and methods Hyperspectral Imaging was performed in vivo and 30 bands from 390 to 680 nm for 5 cases of laryngeal disorders (2x hemorrhagic polyp, 3x leukoplakia) were obtained. Image stacks were processed with unsupervised clustering (linear spectral unmixing), spectral signatures were extracted from unlabeled cluster maps and subsequently applied as end-members for supervised classification (spectral angle mapper) of further medical cases with identical diagnosis. Results Linear spectral unmixing clearly highlighted altered mucosa as single spectral clusters in all cases. Matching classes were identified, and extracted spectral signatures could readily be applied for supervised classifications. Automatic target detection performed well, as the considered classes showed notable correspondence with pathological tissue locations. Conclusions Using hyperspectral classification procedures derived from remote sensing applications for diagnostic purposes can create concrete benefits for the medical field. The approach shows that it would be rewarding to collect spectral signatures from histologically different lesions of laryngeal disorders in order to build up a spectral library and to prospectively allow non-invasive optical biopsies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ron Martin
- Laboratory for Climatology and Remote Sensing, Faculty of Geography, University of Marburg, Marburg 35037, Germany.
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26
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Hu W, Zhao G, Wang C, Zhang J, Fu L. Nonlinear optical microscopy for histology of fresh normal and cancerous pancreatic tissues. PLoS One 2012; 7:e37962. [PMID: 22655087 PMCID: PMC3360059 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0037962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2012] [Accepted: 04/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic cancer is a lethal disease with a 5-year survival rate of only 1-5%. The acceleration of intraoperative histological examination would be beneficial for better management of pancreatic cancer, suggesting an improved survival. Nonlinear optical methods based on two-photon excited fluorescence (TPEF) and second harmonic generation (SHG) of intrinsic optical biomarkers show the ability to visualize the morphology of fresh tissues associated with histology, which is promising for real-time intraoperative evaluation of pancreatic cancer. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS In order to investigate whether the nonlinear optical imaging methods have the ability to characterize pancreatic histology at cellular resolution, we studied different types of pancreatic tissues by using label-free TPEF and SHG. Compared with other routine methods for the preparation of specimens, fresh tissues without processing were found to be most suitable for nonlinear optical imaging of pancreatic tissues. The detailed morphology of the normal rat pancreas was observed and related with the standard histological images. Comparatively speaking, the preliminary images of a small number of chemical-induced pancreatic cancer tissues showed visible neoplastic differences in the morphology of cells and extracellular matrix. The subcutaneous pancreatic tumor xenografts were further observed using the nonlinear optical microscopy, showing that most cells are leucocytes at 5 days after implantation, the tumor cells begin to proliferate at 10 days after implantation, and the extracellular collagen fibers become disordered as the xenografts grow. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE In this study, nonlinear optical imaging was used to characterize the morphological details of fresh pancreatic tissues for the first time. We demonstrate that it is possible to provide real-time histological evaluation of pancreatic cancer by the nonlinear optical methods, which present an opportunity for the characterization of the progress of spontaneous pancreatic cancer and further application in a non-invasive manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyan Hu
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Photonics of Ministry of Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Gang Zhao
- Pancreatic Surgery Center, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyou Wang
- Pancreatic Surgery Center, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jungang Zhang
- Pancreatic Surgery Center, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Fu
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Photonics of Ministry of Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- * E-mail:
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Sarantopoulos A, Beziere N, Ntziachristos V. Optical and Opto-Acoustic Interventional Imaging. Ann Biomed Eng 2012; 40:346-66. [DOI: 10.1007/s10439-011-0501-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2011] [Accepted: 12/23/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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