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Wang YX, Huang CY, Chiu HJ, Huang PH, Chien HT, Jwo SH, Liao YC. Nuclear-localized CTEN is a novel transcriptional regulator and promotes cancer cell migration through its downstream target CDC27. J Physiol Biochem 2023; 79:163-174. [PMID: 36399312 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-022-00932-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
C-terminal tensin-like (CTEN) is a tensin family protein typically localized to the cytoplasmic side of focal adhesions, and primarily contributes to cell adhesion and migration. Elevated expression and nuclear accumulation of CTEN have been reported in several types of cancers and found to be associated with malignant behaviors. However, the function of nuclear CTEN remains elusive. In this study, we report for the first time that nuclear CTEN associates with chromatin DNA and occupies the region proximal to the transcription start site in several genes. The mRNA expression level of CTEN positively correlates with that of one of its putative target genes, cell division cycle protein 27 (CDC27), in a clinical colorectal cancer dataset, suggesting that CTEN may play a role in the regulation of CDC27 gene expression. Furthermore, we demonstrated that CTEN is recruited to the promoter region of the CDC27 gene and that the mRNA expression and promoter activity of CDC27 are both reduced when CTEN is downregulated. In addition, we found that enhanced nuclear accumulation of CTEN in HCT116 cells by overexpression of CTEN fused with nuclear localization signals increases CDC27 transcript levels and promoter activity. The increased nuclear-localized CTEN also significantly promotes cell migration, and the migratory ability is suppressed when CDC27 is knocked down. These results demonstrate that nuclear CTEN regulates CDC27 expression transcriptionally and promotes cell migration through CDC27. Our findings provide new insights into CTEN moonlighting in the nucleus as a DNA-associated protein and transcriptional regulator involved in modulating cancer cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Xuan Wang
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yang Huang
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Ju Chiu
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Po-Han Huang
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Ting Chien
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Si-Han Jwo
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chun Liao
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan.
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2
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Immunohistochemical Expression of Tensin-4/CTEN in Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Dogs. Vet Sci 2023; 10:vetsci10020086. [PMID: 36851390 PMCID: PMC9960384 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10020086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
C-terminal tensin-like (tensin-4/TNS4/CTEN) is the fourth member of the tensin family, frequently described as displaying oncological functions, including cellular migration, invasion, adhesion, growth, metastasis, epithelial to mesenchymal transition, and apoptosis, in several different types of cancer. To investigate, for the first time, the clinical significance of CTEN in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of dogs, we studied a total of 45 SCC sections from various dog breeds. The mean age of the affected dogs was 8.9 ± 3.6 years. Immunohistochemistry confirmed strong cytoplasmatic CTEN expression in the basal layer of the epidermis next to the tumor. We detected high CTEN expression associated with the highest grade of the tumor (grade III) and observed 100% of immunopositivity for this tumor grading (p < 0.0001). These data suggest that CTEN is an oncogene in SCC of dogs and a promising biomarker and a therapeutic target for dogs affected by SCC.
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Zhan L, Sun C, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Jia Y, Wang X, Li F, Li D, Wang S, Yu T, Zhang J, Li D. Four methylation-driven genes detected by linear discriminant analysis model from early-stage colorectal cancer and their methylation levels in cell-free DNA. Front Oncol 2022; 12:949244. [PMID: 36158666 PMCID: PMC9491101 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.949244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The process of colorectal cancer (CRC) formation is considered a typical model of multistage carcinogenesis in which aberrant DNA methylation plays an important role. In this study, 752 methylation-driven genes (MDGs) were identified by the MethylMix package based on methylation and gene expression data of CRC in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Iterative recursive feature elimination (iRFE) based on linear discriminant analysis (LDA) was used to determine the minimum MDGs (iRFE MDGs), which could distinguish between cancer and cancer-adjacent tissues. Further analysis indicated that the changes in methylation levels of the four iRFE MDGs, ADHFE1-Cluster1, CNRIP1-Cluster1, MAFB, and TNS4, occurred in adenoma tissues, while changes did not occur until stage IV in cell-free DNA. Furthermore, the methylation levels of iRFE MDGs were correlated with the genes involved in the reprogramming process of somatic cells to pluripotent stem cells, which is considered the common signature of cancer cells and embryonic stem cells. The above results indicated that the four iRFE MDGs may play roles in the early stage of colorectal carcinogenesis and highlighted the complicated relationship between tissue DNA and cell-free DNA (cfDNA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhan
- Medical Oncology Department of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Changjian Sun
- Clinical Laboratory, Air Force Hospital of Northern Theater, PLA, Shenyang, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Clinical Laboratory, Air Force Hospital of Northern Theater, PLA, Shenyang, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Clinical Laboratory, Air Force Hospital of Northern Theater, PLA, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuzhe Jia
- Clinical Laboratory, Air Force Hospital of Northern Theater, PLA, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Clinical Laboratory, Air Force Hospital of Northern Theater, PLA, Shenyang, China
| | - Feifei Li
- Medical Oncology Department of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Donglin Li
- Orthopedics Department, Air Force Hospital of Northern Theater, PLA, Shenyang, China
| | - Shen Wang
- Department of Ultrasound and Special Diagnosis, Air Force Hospital of Northern Theater, PLA, Shenyang, China
| | - Tao Yu
- Nursing Department, Air Force Medical Center, PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Jingdong Zhang
- Medical Oncology Department of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Deyang Li
- Clinical Laboratory, Air Force Hospital of Northern Theater, PLA, Shenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Deyang Li,
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Pu N, Chen Q, Yin H, Zhang J, Zhao G, Habib JR, Chen J, Yu J, Lou W, Wu W. Identification of an Immune-Related BAT Signature for Predicting Adjuvant Chemotherapy Response and Overall Survival in Patients with Resected Ductal Adenocarcinoma of the Pancreas. J Gastrointest Surg 2022; 26:869-886. [PMID: 35059985 DOI: 10.1007/s11605-021-05232-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adjuvant chemotherapy (ACT) is widely accepted in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) after surgery; however, effective models for predicting ACT response are scarce. Thus, the objective of this study was to develop a novel signature for predicting its response and overall survival (OS) in resected PDAC patients. METHODS A total of 50 PDAC patients with the transcriptome expression profiles, information about chemotherapy, and relevant clinical data were retrieved from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), and twenty-nine patients with tissue specimens and clinical data from our hospital were included as a validation. A novel gene signature was developed using bioinformatic differentially expressed genes (DEGs) analysis, Lasso-penalized Cox regression, and multivariate Cox regression studies. RESULTS Between chemotherapy-resistant and chemotherapy-sensitive cohorts, 569 DEGs were identified, with 490 upregulated and 79 downregulated genes mainly specialized in the regulation of peptide/protein/hormone secretion, calcium ion homeostasis, and T cell activation regulation in biological processes. After Lasso-penalized Cox and multivariate Cox regression analysis, BAT (BCHE, ADH1A, and TNS4) signature was established to predict ACT response and OS. Moreover, BAT signature was verified as an independent risk factor for ACT response (p = 0.042) and OS (median OS: 17.5 months vs. 34.8 months, p = 0.040) and significantly associated with immune infiltrations (p < 0.05). Then, this signature was further validated as the independent risk factor for recurrence-free survival (RFS) in PDAC patients receiving postoperative ACT (median RFS: 9.0 months vs. not reached, p = 0.014), and tumor-infiltrating CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were further validated to be significantly decreased in tissues with higher BAT signature scores (p = 0.015 and 0.021, respectively). CONCLUSION The BAT signature is a novel formulated and independent risk factor for predicting ACT response and long-term survival in patients with resected PDAC. This signature could comprehensively reflect local immune-related response, tumor purity, potential biological behavior, and chemo drug susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Pu
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.
| | - Qiangda Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Hanlin Yin
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jicheng Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Guochao Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Joseph R Habib
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Naval Medical Center of PLA, Shanghai, 200052, China
| | - Jun Yu
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Wenhui Lou
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Wenchuan Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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5
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KRAS Affects Adipogenic Differentiation by Regulating Autophagy and MAPK Activation in 3T3-L1 and C2C12 Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413630. [PMID: 34948427 PMCID: PMC8707842 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Kirsten rat sarcoma 2 viral oncogene homolog (Kras) is a proto-oncogene that encodes the small GTPase transductor protein KRAS, which has previously been found to promote cytokine secretion, cell survival, and chemotaxis. However, its effects on preadipocyte differentiation and lipid accumulation are unclear. In this study, the effects of KRAS inhibition on proliferation, autophagy, and adipogenic differentiation as well as its potential mechanisms were analyzed in the 3T3-L1 and C2C12 cell lines. The results showed that KRAS was localized mainly in the nuclei of 3T3-L1 and C2C12 cells. Inhibition of KRAS altered mammalian target of rapamycin (Mtor), proliferating cell nuclear antigen (Pcna), Myc, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), CCAAT/enhancer binding protein beta (C/ebp-β), diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1 (Dgat1), and stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase 1 (Scd1) expression, thereby reducing cell proliferation capacity while inducing autophagy, enhancing differentiation of 3T3-L1 and C2C12 cells into mature adipocytes, and increasing adipogenesis and the capacity to store lipids. Moreover, during differentiation, KRAS inhibition reduced the levels of extracellular regulated protein kinases (ERK), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), p38, and phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K) activation. These results show that KRAS has unique regulatory effects on cell proliferation, autophagy, adipogenic differentiation, and lipid accumulation.
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Lu X, Zhou B, Cao M, Shao Q, Pan Y, Zhao T. CTEN Inhibits Tumor Angiogenesis and Growth by Targeting VEGFA Through Down-Regulation of β-Catenin in Breast Cancer. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2021; 20:15330338211045506. [PMID: 34817293 PMCID: PMC8661028 DOI: 10.1177/15330338211045506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
C-terminal tensin-like (CTEN) belongs to the tensin gene family, which encodes
proteins that localize to focal adhesions and modulate integrin function.
Accumulating studies have reported that CTEN expression can be upregulated or
downregulated in different types of cancers, suggesting that CTEN has both
oncogenic and tumor suppressor functions. In this study, by analyzing the
expression level of CTEN in the human breast cancer (BRCA) samples from the
clinically annotated genomic database, The Cancer Genome Atlas, we found that
CTEN was downregulated in different BRCA subclasses, including luminal, human
epidermal growth factor receptor 2 positive and triple-negative BRCA.
Consistently, the protein level of CTEN was also reduced in BRCA based on the
Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium. In contrast, vascular endothelial growth
factor A (VEGFA), a signal protein that stimulates the formation of blood
vessels, was upregulated in BRCA. CTEN overexpression in human umbilical vein
endothelial cells and MCF7 significantly suppressed the expression of VEGFA,
inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and tube formation in vitro.
Mechanistically, CTEN bind to casitas B-lineage lymphoma (c-Cbl), an E3
ubiquitin-protein ligase, and decreased the β-catenin expression. In turn, the
downregulation of β-catenin reduced the expression of VEGFA. Rescuing β-catenin
expression effectively ameliorated the effect of CTEN overexpression in cell
proliferation, migration, and tube formation. In conclusion, CTEN inhibited
tumor angiogenesis by targeting VEGFA through c-Cbl-mediated down-regulation of
β-catenin and may serve as a tumor suppressor in BRCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangdong Lu
- Jiangyin People's Hospital, Jiangyin, Jiangsu Province, 214400, P.R. China
| | - Bin Zhou
- Jiangyin People's Hospital, Jiangyin, Jiangsu Province, 214400, P.R. China
| | - Minmin Cao
- Jiangyin People's Hospital, Jiangyin, Jiangsu Province, 214400, P.R. China
| | - Qin Shao
- Jiangyin People's Hospital, Jiangyin, Jiangsu Province, 214400, P.R. China
| | - Yukai Pan
- Jiangyin People's Hospital, Jiangyin, Jiangsu Province, 214400, P.R. China
| | - Tao Zhao
- Jiangyin People's Hospital, Jiangyin, Jiangsu Province, 214400, P.R. China
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7
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Liao YC, Lo SH. Tensins - emerging insights into their domain functions, biological roles and disease relevance. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:jcs254029. [PMID: 33597154 PMCID: PMC10660079 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.254029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Tensins are a family of focal adhesion proteins consisting of four members in mammals (TNS1, TNS2, TNS3 and TNS4). Their multiple domains and activities contribute to the molecular linkage between the extracellular matrix and cytoskeletal networks, as well as mediating signal transduction pathways, leading to a variety of physiological processes, including cell proliferation, attachment, migration and mechanical sensing in a cell. Tensins are required for maintaining normal tissue structures and functions, especially in the kidney and heart, as well as in muscle regeneration, in animals. This Review discusses our current understanding of the domain functions and biological roles of tensins in cells and mice, as well as highlighting their relevance to human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chun Liao
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Su Hao Lo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California-Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
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8
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Nizioł M, Pryczynicz A. The role of tensins in malignant neoplasms. Arch Med Sci 2021; 19:1382-1397. [PMID: 37732046 PMCID: PMC10507764 DOI: 10.5114/aoms/127085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Tensins belong to the family of adhesion proteins which form focal adhesions serving as a bridge between the extracellular matrix and intracellular actin skeleton. The tensin family consists of four members (tensin-1 to -4) which are widely expressed in normal and cancerous tissues. The presence of Src homology 2 and phosphotyrosine binding domains is a unique feature of tensins which enables them to interact with tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins in PI3K/Akt and β-integrin/FAK signaling pathways. The tensin-mediated signaling pathway regulates physiological processes including cell motility and cytoskeleton integrity. The expression of tensins varies among cancers. Several papers report tensins as tumor suppressive proteins, whereas tensins may promote epithelial to mesenchymal transition and cancer cell metastasis. Recent findings and further research on tensins as therapeutic targets in cancers may contribute to identifying effective anti-cancer therapy. In this review we focus on the role of tensins in normal and cancer cells. We discuss potential mechanism(s) involved in carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Nizioł
- Department of General Pathomorphology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Anna Pryczynicz
- Department of General Pathomorphology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
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9
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Li Y, He Y, Peng J, Su Z, Li Z, Zhang B, Ma J, Zhuo M, Zou D, Liu X, Liu X, Wang W, Huang D, Xu M, Wang J, Deng H, Xue J, Xie W, Lan X, Chen M, Zhao Y, Wu W, David CJ. Mutant Kras co-opts a proto-oncogenic enhancer network in inflammation-induced metaplastic progenitor cells to initiate pancreatic cancer. NATURE CANCER 2021; 2:49-65. [PMID: 35121887 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-020-00134-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Kras-activating mutations display the highest incidence in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Pancreatic inflammation accelerates mutant Kras-driven tumorigenesis in mice, suggesting high selectivity in the cells that oncogenic Kras transforms, although the mechanisms dictating this specificity are poorly understood. Here we show that pancreatic inflammation is coupled to the emergence of a transient progenitor cell population that is readily transformed in the presence of mutant KrasG12D. These progenitors harbor a proto-oncogenic transcriptional program driven by a transient enhancer network. KrasG12D mutations lock this enhancer network in place, providing a sustained Kras-dependent oncogenic program that drives tumors throughout progression. Enhancer co-option occurs through functional interactions between the Kras-activated transcription factors Junb and Fosl1 and pancreatic lineage transcription factors, potentially accounting for inter-tissue specificity of oncogene transformation. The pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cell of origin thus provides an oncogenic transcriptional program that fuels tumor progression beyond initiation, accounting for the intra-tissue selectivity of Kras transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Li
- Tsinghua University School of Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yi He
- Tsinghua University School of Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Junya Peng
- Medical Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhendong Su
- Tsinghua University School of Medicine, Beijing, China
- Peking University-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zeyao Li
- Tsinghua University School of Life Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bingjie Zhang
- Tsinghua University School of Life Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Ma
- Tsinghua University School of Life Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Meilian Zhuo
- Tsinghua University School of Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Di Zou
- Tsinghua University School of Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xinde Liu
- Tsinghua University School of Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xinhong Liu
- Tsinghua University School of Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Wenze Wang
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Huang
- Medical Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Mengyue Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jianbin Wang
- Tsinghua University School of Medicine, Beijing, China
- Peking University-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haiteng Deng
- Tsinghua University School of Life Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Xie
- Peking University-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China
- Tsinghua University School of Life Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xun Lan
- Tsinghua University School of Medicine, Beijing, China
- Peking University-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mo Chen
- Tsinghua University School of Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yupei Zhao
- Peking University-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Wenming Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Charles J David
- Tsinghua University School of Medicine, Beijing, China.
- Peking University-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China.
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10
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Chang CC, Liu YC, Lin CH, Liao YC. Histone acetyltransferase p300 mediates the upregulation of CTEN induced by the activation of EGFR signaling in cancer cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 534:53-58. [PMID: 33310188 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Upregulation of C-terminal tensin-like (CTEN) is induced by the activation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling and mainly contributes to cancer cell migration and invasion. CTEN is known as a downstream target of the EGFR-RAF-MEK-ERK pathway but the regulatory mechanism underlying EGFR signaling regulates the increased expression of CTEN is still incompletely understood. In this study, we investigated the epigenetic regulation of CTEN gene transcription upon EGFR activation. Analyses of chromatin accessibility revealed that the structure of CTEN promoter became more loosed and the acetylation state of the histone tails within the core promoter region was increased after EGF treatment. Moreover, activation of EGFR signaling facilitates histone acetyltransferase p300 to be recruited to CTEN promoter through MEK-ERK pathway. MEK-ERK activation also induces the phosphorylation of p300, thereby enhancing the levels of histone acetylation within CTEN promoter, which in turn upregulates CTEN gene expression. Our work provides new insights into the actions of EGFR signaling to upregulate CTEN, which may lead to the rational design of novel therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Chun Chang
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chou Liu
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsuan Lin
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chun Liao
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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11
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Fleming JC, Woo J, Moutasim K, Hanley CJ, Frampton SJ, Wood O, Ward M, Woelk CH, Ottensmeier CH, Hafizi S, Kim D, Thomas GJ. CTEN Induces Tumour Cell Invasion and Survival and Is Prognostic in Radiotherapy-Treated Head and Neck Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2963. [PMID: 33066224 PMCID: PMC7602105 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12102963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a heterogenous disease treated with surgery and/or (chemo) radiotherapy, but up to 50% of patients with late-stage disease develop locoregional recurrence. Determining the mechanisms underpinning treatment resistance could identify new therapeutic targets and aid treatment selection. C-terminal tensin-like (CTEN) is a member of the tensin family, upregulated in several cancers, although its expression and function in HNSCC are unknown. We found that CTEN is commonly upregulated in HNSCC, particularly HPV-ve tumours. In vitro CTEN was upregulated in HPV-ve (n = 5) and HPV+ve (n = 2) HNSCC cell lines. Stable shRNA knockdown of CTEN in vivo significantly reduced tumour growth (SCC-25), and functional analyses in vitro showed that CTEN promoted tumour cell invasion, colony formation and growth in 3D-culture (SCC-25, Detroit 562). RNA sequencing of SCC-25 cells following CTEN siRNA knockdown identified 349 differentially expressed genes (logFC > 1, p < 0.05). Gene ontology analysis highlighted terms relating to cell locomotion and apoptosis, consistent with in vitro findings. A membrane-based antibody array confirmed that CTEN regulated multiple apoptosis-associated proteins, including HSP60 and cleaved caspase-3. Notably, in a mixed cohort of HPV+ve and HPV-ve HNSCC patients (n = 259), we found a significant, independent negative association of CTEN with prognosis, limited to those patients treated with (chemo)radiotherapy, not surgery, irrespective of human papillomavirus (HPV) status. These data show that CTEN is commonly upregulated in HNSCC and exerts several functional effects. Its potential role in modulating apoptotic response to therapy suggests utility as a predictive biomarker or radio-sensitising target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason C. Fleming
- Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK; (K.M.); (C.J.H.); (S.J.F.); (O.W.); (M.W.); (C.H.O.)
- Liverpool Head & Neck Centre, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L3 9GA, UK
- Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool L9 7AL, UK
| | - Jeongmin Woo
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK; (J.W.); (C.H.W.)
| | - Karwan Moutasim
- Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK; (K.M.); (C.J.H.); (S.J.F.); (O.W.); (M.W.); (C.H.O.)
| | - Christopher J. Hanley
- Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK; (K.M.); (C.J.H.); (S.J.F.); (O.W.); (M.W.); (C.H.O.)
| | - Steven J. Frampton
- Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK; (K.M.); (C.J.H.); (S.J.F.); (O.W.); (M.W.); (C.H.O.)
| | - Oliver Wood
- Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK; (K.M.); (C.J.H.); (S.J.F.); (O.W.); (M.W.); (C.H.O.)
| | - Matthew Ward
- Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK; (K.M.); (C.J.H.); (S.J.F.); (O.W.); (M.W.); (C.H.O.)
| | - Christopher H. Woelk
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK; (J.W.); (C.H.W.)
- Exploratory Science Center, Merck & Co., Inc., Cambridge, MA 02141, USA
| | - Christian H. Ottensmeier
- Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK; (K.M.); (C.J.H.); (S.J.F.); (O.W.); (M.W.); (C.H.O.)
- Liverpool Head & Neck Centre, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L3 9GA, UK
- Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool L9 7AL, UK
- Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool CH63 4JY, UK
| | - Sassan Hafizi
- School of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 2DT, UK;
| | - Dae Kim
- St. George’s University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Tooting, London SW17 0QT, UK;
| | - Gareth J. Thomas
- Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK; (K.M.); (C.J.H.); (S.J.F.); (O.W.); (M.W.); (C.H.O.)
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12
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Raposo TP, Alfahed A, Nateri AS, Ilyas M. Tensin4 (TNS4) is upregulated by Wnt signalling in adenomas in multiple intestinal neoplasia (Min) mice. Int J Exp Pathol 2020; 101:80-86. [PMID: 32567731 PMCID: PMC7370848 DOI: 10.1111/iep.12352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
ApcMin/+ mice are regarded as a standard animal model of colorectal cancer (CRC). Tensin4 (TNS4 or Cten) is a putative oncogene conferring features of stemness and promoting motility. Our objective was to assess TNS4 expression in intestinal adenomas and determine whether TNS4 is upregulated by Wnt signalling. ApcMin/+ mice (n = 11) were sacrificed at approximately 120 days old at the onset of anaemia signs. Small intestines were harvested, and Swiss roll preparations were tested for TNS4 expression by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Individual polyps were also separately collected (n = 14) and tested for TNS4 mRNA expression and Kras mutation. The relationship between Wnt signalling and TNS4 expression was tested by Western blotting in the human CRC cell line HCT116 after inhibition of β-catenin activity with MSAB or its increase by transfection with a Flag β-catenin expression vector. Overall, 135/148 (91.2%) of the total intestinal polyps were positive for TNS4 expression by IHC, whilst adjacent normal areas were negative. RT-qPCR analysis showed approximately 5-fold upregulation of TNS4 mRNA in the polyps compared to adjacent normal tissue and no Kras mutations were detected. In HCT116, β-catenin inhibition resulted in reduced TNS4 expression, and conversely, β-catenin overexpression resulted in increased TNS4 expression. In conclusion, this is the first report linking aberrant Wnt signalling to upregulation of TNS4 both during initiation of intestinal adenomas in mice and in in vitro models. The exact contribution of TNS4 to adenoma development remains to be investigated, but the ApcMin/+ mouse represents a good model to study this.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa P Raposo
- Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Nottingham Molecular Pathology Node, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Abdulaziz Alfahed
- Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Nottingham Molecular Pathology Node, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Department of Medical Laboratory, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdolrahman S Nateri
- Cancer Genetics and Stem Cell Group, Cancer Biology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Mohammad Ilyas
- Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Nottingham Molecular Pathology Node, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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13
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Qi X, Sun L, Wan J, Xu R, He S, Zhu X. Tensin4 promotes invasion and migration of gastric cancer cells via regulating AKT/GSK-3β/snail signaling pathway. Pathol Res Pract 2020; 216:153001. [PMID: 32534709 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2020.153001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) remains one of the most lethal human malignancies, and exploring novel therapeutic targets for the treatment has been a major focus. The molecular mechanism of invasion and migration of GC cells remains unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the role of Tensin 4 and the associated molecular signaling pathways in the process of invasion and metastasis of GC. The expression of Tensin 4 protein and phosphorylated AKT (p-AKT) were evaluated in GC and normal adjacent tissues of 80 patients using immunohistochemistry staining. The expression of Tensin4 mRNA was analyzed in 10 GC tissues and 3 GC cell lines (SGC7901, MKN45, and MKN28) by qPCR. Cell proliferation, migration, and invasion were assessed using CCK-8 and Transwell assays in the Tensin 4 siRNA transfected SGC7901 cells and Tensin 4 plasmid transfected MKN28 cells. Additionally, protein expressions of Tensin 4, E-cadherin, vimentin, AKT, p-AKT, GSK-3β, p-GSK-3β, and Snail were analyzed by western blotting. The results demonstrated that the expression of Tensin 4 was significantly up-regulated in the GC tissues and cell lines, especially in the SGC7901 cells. The expression of Tensin 4 positively correlated with p-AKT in GC tissues and with GC progression, and was an independent risk factor for the prognosis of GC. Tensin 4 promoted the invasion and migration abilities of GC cells, but had no significant effect on GC cell proliferation. Tensin 4 promoted the occurrence of epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) through up-regulating the expression of p-AKT, p-GSK-3β, and snail. Overall, this study suggests that the activation of AKT/GSK-3β/Snail signaling pathway promoted by Tensin 4 plays an important role in the progression of GC. Therefore, Tensin 4 may serve as a potential target in GC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiumin Qi
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 ShiZi Street, Suzhou 215006, China; Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Wuxi Second Hospital, China
| | - Liang Sun
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 ShiZi Street, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Jiayi Wan
- Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Wuxi Second Hospital, China
| | - Rongrong Xu
- Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Wuxi Second Hospital, China
| | - Songbing He
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 ShiZi Street, Suzhou 215006, China.
| | - Xinguo Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 ShiZi Street, Suzhou 215006, China.
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14
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Raposo TP, Susanti S, Ilyas M. Investigating TNS4 in the Colorectal Tumor Microenvironment Using 3D Spheroid Models of Invasion. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 4:e2000031. [PMID: 32390347 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202000031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
TNS4 (Tensin 4 or Cten) is a putative oncogene in colorectal cancer (CRC) with a role in regulating cell adhesion, motility, invasion, and epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). The objective is to study the role of TNS4 in CRC using more realistic models of the tumor microenvironment. CRC cells expressing TdTomato protein and shTNS4/shLUC hairpin oligos are grown in 3D spheroids with and without cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). Adhesiveness to collagen I and CAFs is assessed in 2D and cell proliferation, volume, and invasion are assessed in 3D conditions. The role of TNS4 knockdown in gefitinib chemosensitivity and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and Ras protein levels are also tested. In general, TNS4 knockdown increases cell proliferation in cell lines producing compact spheroids. The addition of CAFs in spheroids supports CRC cell proliferation, whereas CAFs themselves do not proliferate, but increases ECM degradation. TNS4 knockdown reduces adhesiveness and 3D invasion and disrupts EGFR signaling which results in increased sensitivity to Gefitinib. In conclusion, in a 3D spheroid model, TNS4 inhibits cell proliferation and promotes cell invasion into the ECM, possibly by adhesion to the ECM and stromal cells. TNS4 knockdown enhances sensitivity to the EGFR inhibitor gefitinib and may be helpful for Kirsten ras oncogene homolog mutant CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa P Raposo
- Dr. T. P. Raposo, Dr. S. Susanti, Prof. M. Ilyas, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK.,Dr. T. P. Raposo, Dr. S. Susanti, Prof. M. Ilyas, Nottingham Molecular Pathology Node, University of Nottingham, UK
| | - Susanti Susanti
- Dr. T. P. Raposo, Dr. S. Susanti, Prof. M. Ilyas, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK.,Dr. T. P. Raposo, Dr. S. Susanti, Prof. M. Ilyas, Nottingham Molecular Pathology Node, University of Nottingham, UK.,Dr. S. Susanti, Deparment of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Muhammadiyah Purwokerto, Banyumas, Central Java, 53182, Indonesia
| | - Mohammad Ilyas
- Dr. T. P. Raposo, Dr. S. Susanti, Prof. M. Ilyas, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK.,Dr. T. P. Raposo, Dr. S. Susanti, Prof. M. Ilyas, Nottingham Molecular Pathology Node, University of Nottingham, UK
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15
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Bioinformatics analysis of esophageal cancer unveils an integrated mRNA-lncRNA signature for predicting prognosis. Oncol Lett 2019; 19:1434-1442. [PMID: 31966072 PMCID: PMC6956414 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.11208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Esophageal cancer (ESCA) carries a poor prognosis among gastrointestinal malignancies. The present study developed a signature based on mRNAs and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) to predict prognosis in ESCA by using The Cancer Genome Atlas database. By using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator penalized regression, a set of RNAs (three mRNAs and two lncRNAs) was identified and used to build a risk score system of ESCA prognosis, which was used to stratify patients having considerable diverse survival in the training set [hazard ratio (HR), 3.932; 95% CI, 1.555–9.944; P<0.002] into high- and low-risk groups. The authentication of the results was achieved through the test set (HR, 3.150; 95% CI, 1.113–8.918; P<0.02) and the entire set (HR, 3.181; 95% CI, 1.686–6.006; P<0.0002). The results from multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression analysis in the entire set suggested that the prognostic significance of this signature may be independent of patients' clinicopathological characteristics. Furthermore, this signature was associated with several molecular signaling pathways of cancer according to Gene Set Enrichment Analysis. In addition, a nomogram was built and the risk score and TNM stage were integrated to estimate the 1- and 3-year overall survival rates. The results from the present study demonstrated that the integrated mRNA-lncRNA signature may be considered as a novel biomarker for the prognosis of ESCA.
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Whole Transcriptome Analysis Identifies TNS4 as a Key Effector of Cetuximab and a Regulator of the Oncogenic Activity of KRAS Mutant Colorectal Cancer Cell Lines. Cells 2019; 8:cells8080878. [PMID: 31409052 PMCID: PMC6721647 DOI: 10.3390/cells8080878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The targeting of activated epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) with therapeutic anti-EGFR monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) such as cetuximab and panitumumab has been used as an effective strategy in the treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, its clinical efficacy occurs only in a limited number of patients. Here, we performed whole-transcriptome analysis in xenograft mouse tumors induced by KRASG12D mutation-bearing LS174T CRC cells following treatment with either cetuximab or PBS. Through integrated analyses of differential gene expression with TCGA and CCLE public database, we identified TNS4, overexpressed in CRC patients and KRAS mutation-harboring CRC cell lines, significantly downregulated by cetuximab. While ablation of TNS4 expression via shRNA results in significant growth inhibition of LS174T, DLD1, WiDr, and DiFi CRC cell lines, conversely, its ectopic expression increases the oncogenic growth of these cells. Furthermore, TNS4 expression is transcriptionally regulated by MAP kinase signaling pathway. Consistent with this finding, selumetinib, a MEK1/2 inhibitor, suppressed oncogenic activity of CRC cells, and this effect is more profound in combination with cetuximab. Altogether, we propose that TNS4 plays a crucial role in CRC tumorigenesis, and that suppression of TNS4 would be an effective therapeutic strategy in treating a subset of cetuximab-refractory CRC patients including KRAS activating mutations.
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Asiri A, Toss MS, Raposo TP, Akhlaq M, Thorpe H, Alfahed A, Asiri A, Ilyas M. Cten promotes Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) in colorectal cancer through stabilisation of Src. Pathol Int 2019; 69:381-391. [DOI: 10.1111/pin.12811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abdulaziz Asiri
- Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of MedicineThe University of Nottingham Nottingham UK
- Nottingham Molecular Pathology Node, Queen's Medical CentreThe University of Nottingham Nottingham UK
- Medical Genomics Research Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health SciencesMinistry of National Guard Health Affairs (MNGH) Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Michael S. Toss
- Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of MedicineThe University of Nottingham Nottingham UK
| | - Teresa Pereira Raposo
- Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of MedicineThe University of Nottingham Nottingham UK
- Nottingham Molecular Pathology Node, Queen's Medical CentreThe University of Nottingham Nottingham UK
| | - Maham Akhlaq
- Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of MedicineThe University of Nottingham Nottingham UK
| | - Hannah Thorpe
- Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of MedicineThe University of Nottingham Nottingham UK
- Nottingham Molecular Pathology Node, Queen's Medical CentreThe University of Nottingham Nottingham UK
| | - Abdulaziz Alfahed
- Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of MedicineThe University of Nottingham Nottingham UK
- Nottingham Molecular Pathology Node, Queen's Medical CentreThe University of Nottingham Nottingham UK
- Department of Medical Laboratory, College of Applied Medical SciencesPrince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University Al‐Kharj Saudi Arabia
| | - Abutaleb Asiri
- Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of MedicineThe University of Nottingham Nottingham UK
- Nottingham Molecular Pathology Node, Queen's Medical CentreThe University of Nottingham Nottingham UK
| | - Mohammad Ilyas
- Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of MedicineThe University of Nottingham Nottingham UK
- Nottingham Molecular Pathology Node, Queen's Medical CentreThe University of Nottingham Nottingham UK
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18
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Asiri A, Raposo TP, Alfahed A, Ilyas M. TGFβ1-induced cell motility but not cell proliferation is mediated through Cten in colorectal cancer. Int J Exp Pathol 2019; 99:323-330. [PMID: 30648319 DOI: 10.1111/iep.12300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cten (C-terminal tensin-like) is a member of the tensin protein family found in complex with integrins at focal adhesions. It promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cell motility. The precise mechanisms regulating Cten are unknown, although we and others have shown that Cten could be under the regulation of several cytokines and growth factors. Since transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) regulates integrin function and promotes EMT/cell motility, we were prompted to investigate whether TGF-β1 induces EMT and cell motility through Cten signalling in colorectal cancer. TGF-β1 signalling was modulated by either stimulation with TGF-β1 or knockdown of TGF-β1 in the CRC cell lines SW620 and HCT116. The effect of this modulation on expression of Cten, EMT markers and on cellular function was tested. The role of Cten as a direct mediator of TGF-β1 signalling was investigated in a CRC cell line in which the Cten gene had been deleted (SW620ΔCten ). When TGF-β1 was stimulated or inhibited, this resulted in, respectively, upregulation and downregulation of Cten expression and EMT markers (Snail, Rock, N-cadherin, Src). Cell migration and cell invasion were significantly increased following TGF-β1 stimulation and lost by TGF-β1 knockdown. TGF-β1 stimulation of the SW620ΔCten cell line resulted in selective loss of the effect of TGF-β1 signalling pathway on EMT and cell motility while the stimulatory effect on cell proliferation was retained. These data suggested Cten may play an essential role in mediating TGF-β1-induced EMT and cell motility and may therefore play a role in metastasis in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulaziz Asiri
- Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, Queen's Medical Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Nottingham Molecular Pathology Node, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Teresa Pereira Raposo
- Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, Queen's Medical Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Nottingham Molecular Pathology Node, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Abdulaziz Alfahed
- Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, Queen's Medical Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Nottingham Molecular Pathology Node, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Department of Medical Laboratory, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Ilyas
- Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, Queen's Medical Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Nottingham Molecular Pathology Node, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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19
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Sawazaki S, Oshima T, Sakamaki K, Aoyama T, Sato T, Shiozawa M, Yoshikawa T, Rino Y, Imada T, Masuda M. Clinical Significance of Tensin 4 Gene Expression in Patients with Gastric Cancer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 31:1065-1071. [PMID: 29102927 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.11171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Overall survival remains unsatisfactory in stage II/III gastric cancer, even after curative resection and adjuvant chemotherapy. Tensin 4 (TNS4), a cell adhesion factor, is associated with cancer-cell motility and migration. PATIENTS AND METHODS We examined the clinical significance of TNS4 gene expression in 134 patients with stage II/III gastric cancer who underwent adjuvant chemotherapy with S-1. TNS4 gene expression in surgical specimens was measured by quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). RESULTS TNS4 gene expression levels were significantly higher in cancer tissue than in adjacent normal mucosa. High TNS4 gene expression was associated with significantly poorer 5-year overall survival than was low expression. On multivariate analysis, TNS4 gene expression was an independent prognostic factor. CONCLUSION Overexpression of the TNS4 gene is a useful independent predictor of outcomes in patients with stage II/III gastric cancer who undergo surgery and receive adjuvant chemotherapy with S-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sho Sawazaki
- Department of Surgery, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takashi Oshima
- Department of Surgery, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kentaro Sakamaki
- Department of Biostatistics, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Toru Aoyama
- Department of Surgery, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Sato
- Department of Surgery, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Manabu Shiozawa
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takaki Yoshikawa
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yasushi Rino
- Department of Surgery, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Toshio Imada
- Department of Surgery, Saiseikai Yokohama-shi Nanbu Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Munetaka Masuda
- Department of Surgery, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
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Overexpression of CTEN relates to tumor malignant potential and poor outcomes of adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction. Oncotarget 2017; 8:84112-84122. [PMID: 29137409 PMCID: PMC5663581 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background To detect a novel treatment target for adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction (AEG), we tested whether C-terminal tensin-like (CTEN), a member of the tensin gene family and frequently overexpressed in various cancers, acts as a cancer-promoting gene through overexpression in AEG. Materials and Methods We analyzed 5 gastric adenocarcinoma (GC) cell lines and 104 primary AEG tumors curatively resected in our hospital between 2000 and 2010. Results CTEN overexpression was detected in GC cell lines (2/5 cell lines; 40%) and primary AEG tumor samples (35/104 cases; 34%). CTEN knockdown using several specific siRNAs inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of CTEN-overexpressing cells. CTEN overexpression was significantly correlated with more aggressive venous and lymphatic invasion, deeper tumor depth, and higher rates of lymph node metastasis and recurrence. Patients with CTEN-overexpressing tumors had a worse overall rate of survival than those with non-expressing tumors (P < 0.0001, log-rank test) in an expression-dependent manner. CTEN positivity was independently associated with a worse outcome in the multivariate analysis (P = 0.0423, hazard ratio 3.54 [1.04-16.4]). Conclusions CTEN plays a crucial role in tumor cell proliferation, migration, and invasion through its overexpression, which highlights its usefulness as a prognosticator and potential therapeutic target in AEG.
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21
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Thorpe H, Asiri A, Akhlaq M, Ilyas M. Cten promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition through the post-transcriptional stabilization of Snail. Mol Carcinog 2017; 56:2601-2609. [DOI: 10.1002/mc.22704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2017] [Revised: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Thorpe
- School of Medicine; University of Nottingham; Nottingham UK
| | | | - Maham Akhlaq
- School of Medicine; University of Nottingham; Nottingham UK
| | - Mohammad Ilyas
- School of Medicine; University of Nottingham; Nottingham UK
- The Nottingham Molecular Pathology Node; University of Nottingham; Nottingham UK
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22
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Tensin4 is up-regulated by EGF-induced ERK1/2 activity and promotes cell proliferation and migration in hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncotarget 2016; 6:20964-76. [PMID: 26035355 PMCID: PMC4673243 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 05/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The focal adhesion protein Tensin4, also known as cten (c-terminal tensin like), is structurally distinct from the three other members in the Tensin family. Its expression and potential functions in cancers including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are not well understood. With immunohistochemistry, 43% (13/30) of our human HCC cases showed up-regulation of Tensin4 as compared with their corresponding non-tumorous livers. In HCC cells, treatment with epidermal growth factor (EGF) significantly induced Tensin4 transcript and protein expression, while treatment with pharmacological inhibitors against the MEK1/2 kinases abolished such induction, suggesting that Tensin4 expression was dependent on Ras/MAPK signaling. With immunofluorescence microscopy, the focal adhesion localization of Tensin4 was confirmed in HCC cells. Significantly, detailed examination using a panel of Tensin4 deletion constructs revealed that this specific focal adhesion localization required the N-terminal region together with the C-terminal SH2 domain. Up-regulation of ERK signaling by EGF in the HCC cells resulted in a change to a mesenchymal cell-like morphology through modulation of the actin cytoskeleton. Functionally, stable Tensin4 knockdown in SMMC-7721 HCC cells resulted in reduced cell proliferation and migration in vitro. Taken together, our data suggest that Tensin4 may play a pro-oncogenic role in HCC, possibly functioning as a downstream effector of Ras/MAPK signaling.
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23
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Kong B, Wu W, Cheng T, Schlitter AM, Qian C, Bruns P, Jian Z, Jäger C, Regel I, Raulefs S, Behler N, Irmler M, Beckers J, Friess H, Erkan M, Siveke JT, Tannapfel A, Hahn SA, Theis FJ, Esposito I, Kleeff J, Michalski CW. A subset of metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas depends quantitatively on oncogenic Kras/Mek/Erk-induced hyperactive mTOR signalling. Gut 2016; 65:647-57. [PMID: 25601637 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2014-307616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Oncogenic Kras-activated robust Mek/Erk signals phosphorylate to the tuberous sclerosis complex (Tsc) and deactivates mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) suppression in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC); however, Mek and mTOR inhibitors alone have demonstrated minimal clinical antitumor activity. DESIGN We generated transgenic mouse models in which mTOR was hyperactivated either through the Kras/Mek/Erk cascade, by loss of Pten or through Tsc1 haploinsufficiency. Primary cancer cells were isolated from mouse tumours. Oncogenic signalling was assessed in vitro and in vivo, with and without single or multiple targeted molecule inhibition. Transcriptional profiling was used to identify biomarkers predictive of the underlying pathway alterations and of therapeutic response. Results from the preclinical models were confirmed on human material. RESULTS Reduction of Tsc1 function facilitated activation of Kras/Mek/Erk-mediated mTOR signalling, which promoted the development of metastatic PDACs. Single inhibition of mTOR or Mek elicited strong feedback activation of Erk or Akt, respectively. Only dual inhibition of Mek and PI3K reduced mTOR activity and effectively induced cancer cell apoptosis. Analysis of downstream targets demonstrated that oncogenic activity of the Mek/Erk/Tsc/mTOR axis relied on Aldh1a3 function. Moreover, in clinical PDAC samples, ALDH1A3 specifically labelled an aggressive subtype. CONCLUSIONS These results advance our understanding of Mek/Erk-driven mTOR activation and its downstream targets in PDAC, and provide a mechanistic rationale for effective therapeutic matching for Aldh1a3-positive PDACs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Kong
- Department of Surgery, Technische Universität München (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Weiwei Wu
- Department of Surgery, Technische Universität München (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Tao Cheng
- Department of Surgery, Technische Universität München (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | | | - Chengjia Qian
- Department of Surgery, Technische Universität München (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Philipp Bruns
- Department of Surgery, Technische Universität München (TUM), Munich, Germany Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz-Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Ziying Jian
- Department of Surgery, Technische Universität München (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Carsten Jäger
- Department of Surgery, Technische Universität München (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Ivonne Regel
- Department of Surgery, Technische Universität München (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Susanne Raulefs
- Department of Surgery, Technische Universität München (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Nora Behler
- Department of Surgery, Technische Universität München (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Irmler
- Institute of Experimental Genetics (IEG), Helmholtz-Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Johannes Beckers
- Institute of Experimental Genetics (IEG), Helmholtz-Zentrum München, Munich, Germany Technische Universität München, Chair of Experimental Genetics, Freising, Germany Deutsches Zentrum für Diabetesforschung (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Helmut Friess
- Department of Surgery, Technische Universität München (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Mert Erkan
- Department of Surgery, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Jens T Siveke
- Department of Gastroenterology, TUM, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Stephan A Hahn
- Department of Molecular Gastrointestinal Oncology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Fabian J Theis
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz-Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Jörg Kleeff
- Department of Surgery, Technische Universität München (TUM), Munich, Germany
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Thorpe H, Akhlaq M, Jackson D, Al Ghamdi S, Storr S, Martin S, Ilyas M. Multiple pathways regulate Cten in colorectal cancer without a Tensin switch. Int J Exp Pathol 2016; 96:362-9. [PMID: 26852686 DOI: 10.1111/iep.12154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
CTEN/TNS4 is a member of the Tensin gene family. It localizes to focal adhesions and induces cell motility. The mechanisms regulating Cten expression are unclear although we have shown regulation by Kras in the colon and pancreas. In normal mammary cell lines, it is reportedly upregulated by epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and STAT3 signalling and upregulation is accompanied by downregulation of Tensin 3 (Tensin switch). In this study, we investigated the roles of EGFR and STAT3 signalling in the regulation of Cten in colorectal cancer (CRC). In addition, we investigated calpain--a regulator of focal adhesion-associated proteins whose relevance to Cten has not been investigated. CRC cell lines were stimulated with epidermal growth factor (EGF). This resulted in an increase in Cten and Tensin 3 protein. Kras was knocked down and this resulted in downregulation of Cten and Tensin 3. We next investigated the role of STAT3 signalling. Activation and knockdown of STAT3 resulted in downregulation and upregulation, respectively, of Cten. Inhibition of calpain resulted in upregulation of both Cten and Tensin 3. As the regulators of Cten also seemed to regulate Tensin 3, we tested the interaction between Cten and Tensin 3. Cten was forcibly expressed or knocked down resulting, respectively, in upregulation and downregulation of Tensin 3. We conclude that in CRC, Cten is upregulated by EGFR and Kras but downregulated by STAT3. We show that calpain may be a negative regulator of Cten and that a Tensin switch does not occur and, if anything, Cten stabilizes Tensin 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Thorpe
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Maham Akhlaq
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Darryl Jackson
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Saleh Al Ghamdi
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, KSAU-HS, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarah Storr
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Stewart Martin
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Mohammad Ilyas
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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Tang X, Kuhlenschmidt TB, Li Q, Ali S, Lezmi S, Chen H, Pires-Alves M, Laegreid WW, Saif TA, Kuhlenschmidt MS. A mechanically-induced colon cancer cell population shows increased metastatic potential. Mol Cancer 2014; 13:131. [PMID: 24884630 PMCID: PMC4072622 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-13-131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Metastasis accounts for the majority of deaths from cancer. Although tumor microenvironment has been shown to have a significant impact on the initiation and/or promotion of metastasis, the mechanism remains elusive. We previously reported that HCT-8 colon cancer cells underwent a phenotypic transition from an adhesive epithelial type (E-cell) to a rounded dissociated type (R-cell) via soft substrate culture, which resembled the initiation of metastasis. The objective of current study was to investigate the molecular and metabolic mechanisms of the E-R transition. Methods Global gene expressions of HCT-8 E and R cells were measured by RNA Sequencing (RNA-seq); and the results were further confirmed by real-time PCR. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), anoikis resistance, enzyme activity of aldehyde dehydrogenase 3 family, member A1 (ALDH3A1), and in vitro invasion assay were tested on both E and R cells. The deformability of HCT-8 E and R cells was measured by atomic force microscopy (AFM). To study the in vivo invasiveness of two cell types, athymic nude mice were intra-splenically injected with HCT-8 E or R cells and sacrificed after 9 weeks. Incidences of tumor development and metastasis were histologically evaluated and analyzed with Fisher’s exact test. Results Besides HCT-8, E-R transition on soft substrates was also seen in three other cancer cell lines (HCT116, SW480 colon and DU145 prostate cancer). The expression of some genes, such as ALDH3A1, TNS4, CLDN2, and AKR1B10, which are known to play important roles in cancer cell migration, invasion, proliferation and apoptosis, were increased in HCT-8 R cells. R cells also showed higher ALDH3A1 enzyme activity, higher ROS, higher anoikis resistance, and higher softness than E cells. More importantly, in vitro assay and in vivo animal models revealed that HCT-8 R cells were more invasive than E cells. Conclusions Our comprehensive comparison of HCT-8 E and R cells revealed differences of molecular, phenotypical, and mechanical signatures between the two cell types. To our knowledge, this is the first study that explores the molecular mechanism of E-R transition, which may greatly increase our understanding of the mechanisms of cancer mechanical microenvironment and initiation of cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Taher A Saif
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 206 W, Green St, Urbana 61802, Illinois, USA.
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Muharram G, Sahgal P, Korpela T, De Franceschi N, Kaukonen R, Clark K, Tulasne D, Carpén O, Ivaska J. Tensin-4-dependent MET stabilization is essential for survival and proliferation in carcinoma cells. Dev Cell 2014; 29:421-36. [PMID: 24814316 PMCID: PMC4118019 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2014.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2013] [Revised: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Inappropriate MET tyrosine kinase receptor signaling is detected in almost all types of human cancer and contributes to malignant growth and MET dependency via proliferative and antiapoptotic activities. Independently, Tensin-4 (TNS4) is emerging as a putative oncogene in many cancer types, but the mechanisms of TNS4 oncogenic activity are not well established. Here, we demonstrate that TNS4 directly interacts with phosphorylated MET via the TNS4 SH2-domain to positively regulate cell survival, proliferation, and migration, through increased MET protein stability. In addition, TNS4 interaction with β1-integrin cytoplasmic tail positively regulates β1-integrin stability. Loss of TNS4 or disruption of MET-TNS4 interaction triggers MET trafficking toward the lysosomal compartment that is associated with excessive degradation of MET and triggers MET-addicted carcinoma cell death in vitro and in vivo. Significant correlation between MET and TNS4 expression in human colon carcinoma and ovarian carcinoma suggests TNS4 plays a critical role in MET stability in cancer. A direct interaction is identified between MET and Tensin-4 TNS4 protects MET from degradation, thus promoting its oncogenic activity TNS4 and MET are significantly coexpressed in human carcinomas Loss of TNS4 inhibits survival of MET-dependent tumors
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghaffar Muharram
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku, Turku, 20520, Finland; VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Turku, 20521, Finland
| | - Pranshu Sahgal
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku, Turku, 20520, Finland; VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Turku, 20521, Finland
| | - Taina Korpela
- Department of Pathology, University of Turku, Turku, 20520, Finland; Department of Pathology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, 20520, Finland
| | - Nicola De Franceschi
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku, Turku, 20520, Finland; VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Turku, 20521, Finland
| | - Riina Kaukonen
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku, Turku, 20520, Finland; VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Turku, 20521, Finland
| | - Katherine Clark
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK
| | - David Tulasne
- Institut de Biologie de Lille-UMR8161, CNRS, 59021 Lille, France
| | - Olli Carpén
- Department of Pathology, University of Turku, Turku, 20520, Finland; Department of Pathology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, 20520, Finland
| | - Johanna Ivaska
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku, Turku, 20520, Finland; VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Turku, 20521, Finland; Department of Biochemistry and Food Chemistry, University of Turku, 20520, Finland.
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27
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Lo SH. C-terminal tensin-like (CTEN): a promising biomarker and target for cancer. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2014; 51:150-4. [PMID: 24735711 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2014.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Revised: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
C-terminal tensin-like (cten, also known as tensin4, TNS4) is a member of the tensin family. Cten protein, like the other three tensin family members, localizes to focal adhesion sites but only shares sequence homology with other tensins at its C-terminal region, which contains the SH2 and PTB domains. Cten is abundantly expressed in normal prostate and placenta and is down-regulated in prostate cancer. However, overexpression of cten frequently associates with tumors derived from breast, colon, lung, stomach, skin and pancreas. A variety of cancer-associated growth factors and cytokines induce cten expression. Up-regulated cten promotes cell motility, prolongs epidermal growth factor receptor signaling, and enhances tumorigenicity. Emerging findings suggest that cten is a promising biomarker and therapeutic target for various cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Hao Lo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California-Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, United States.
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28
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Haynie DT. Molecular physiology of the tensin brotherhood of integrin adaptor proteins. Proteins 2014; 82:1113-27. [PMID: 24634006 DOI: 10.1002/prot.24560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Revised: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Numerous proteins have been identified as constituents of the adhesome, the totality of molecular components in the supramolecular assemblies known as focal adhesions, fibrillar adhesions and other kinds of adhesive contact. The transmembrane receptor proteins called integrins are pivotal adhesome members, providing a physical link between the extracellular matrix (ECM) and the actin cytoskeleton. Tensins are ever more widely investigated intracellular adhesome constituents. Involved in cell attachment and migration, cytoskeleton reorganization, signal transduction and other processes relevant to cancer research, tensins have recently been linked to functional properties of deleted in liver cancer 1 (DLC1) and a mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK), to cell migration in breast cancer, and to metastasis suppression in the kidney. Tensins are close relatives of phosphatase homolog/tensin homolog (PTEN), an extensively studied tumor suppressor. Such findings are recasting the earlier vision of tensin (TNS) as an actin-filament (F-actin) capping protein in a different light. This critical review aims to summarize current knowledge on tensins and thus to highlight key points concerning the expression, structure, function, and evolution of the various members of the TNS brotherhood. Insight is sought by comparisons with homologous proteins. Some historical points are added for perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald T Haynie
- Department of Physics, Nanomedicine and Nanobiotechnology Laboratory and Center for Integrated Functional Materials, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, 33620
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29
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AlGhamdi S, ILyas M. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and Stat3 signal through Kras and have mutually opposite effects on Cten. BMC Genomics 2014. [PMCID: PMC4075648 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-s2-p59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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30
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Sjoestroem C, Khosravi S, Zhang G, Martinka M, Li G. C-terminal tensin-like protein is a novel prognostic marker for primary melanoma patients. PLoS One 2013; 8:e80492. [PMID: 24244691 PMCID: PMC3820571 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0080492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Accepted: 10/03/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background C-terminal tensin-like protein (Cten) is a focal adhesion protein originally identified as a tumor suppressor in prostate cancer. It has since been found to be overexpressed and function as an oncogene in numerous other cancers, but the expression status of Cten in melanoma is still unknown. Methods Using tissue microarrays containing 562 melanocytic lesions, we evaluated Cten protein expression by immunohistochemistry. The association between Cten expression and patient survival was examined using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, and univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were used to estimate the crude and adjusted hazard ratios. Results Strong Cten expression was detected in 7%, 24%, 41%, and 46% of normal nevi, dysplastic nevi, primary melanoma, and metastatic melanoma samples, respectively, and Cten expression was found to be significantly higher in dysplastic nevi compared to normal nevi (P = 0.046), and in primary melanoma compared to dysplastic nevi (P = 0.003), but no difference was observed between metastatic and primary melanoma. Cten staining also correlated with AJCC stages (P = 0.015) and primary tumor thickness (P = 0.002), with Cten expression being induced in the transition from thin (<1mm) to thick (≥1mm) melanomas. Strong Cten expression was significantly associated with a worse 5-year overall (P = 0.008) and disease-specific survival (P = 0.004) for primary melanoma patients, and multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that Cten expression was an independent prognostic marker for these patients (P = 0.038 for overall survival; P = 0.021 for disease-specific survival). Conclusion Our findings indicate that induction of Cten protein expression is a relatively early event in melanoma progression, and that Cten has the potential to serve as a prognostic marker for primary melanoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Sjoestroem
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- * E-mail:
| | - Shahram Khosravi
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Guohong Zhang
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Magdalena Martinka
- Department of Pathology, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Hong SY, Shih YP, Li T, Carraway KL, Lo SH. CTEN prolongs signaling by EGFR through reducing its ligand-induced degradation. Cancer Res 2013; 73:5266-76. [PMID: 23774213 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-12-4441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Activation of EGF receptor (EGFR) triggers signaling pathways regulating various cellular events that contribute to tissue development and function. Aberrant activation of EGFR contributes to tumor progression as well as therapeutic resistance in patients with cancer. C-terminal tensin-like (CTEN; TNS4) is a focal adhesion molecule that is a member of the tensin family. Its expression is upregulated by EGF and elevated CTEN mediates EGF-induced cell migration. In the presence of CTEN, we found that EGF treatment elevated the level of EGFR protein but not mRNA. The extended half-life of activated EGFR sustained its signaling cascades. CTEN reduced ligand-induced EGFR degradation by binding to the E3 ubiquitin ligase c-Cbl and decreasing the ubiquitination of EGFR. The Src homology 2 domain of CTEN is not only required for binding to the phosphorylated tyrosine residue at codon 774 of c-Cbl, but is also essential for the tumorigenicity observed in the presence of CTEN. Public database analyses indicated that CTEN mRNA levels are elevated in breast, colon, lung, and pancreas cancers, but not correlated with EGFR mRNA levels in these cancers. In contrast, immunohistochemistry analyses of lung cancer specimens showed that CTEN and EGFR protein levels were positively associated, in support of our finding that CTEN regulates EGFR protein levels through a posttranslational mechanism. Overall, this work defines a function for CTEN in prolonging signaling from EGFR by reducing its ligand-induced degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiao-Ya Hong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California-Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
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32
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Hung SY, Shih YP, Chen M, Lo SH. Up-regulated cten by FGF2 contributes to FGF2-mediated cell migration. Mol Carcinog 2013; 53:787-92. [PMID: 23625726 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2012] [Revised: 02/25/2013] [Accepted: 03/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Cten is a focal adhesion molecule that is expressed at very low levels in most normal tissues. Nonetheless, its expression has been found to increase dramatically in many types of cancer including colorectal, breast, gastric, and pancreatic cancer, suggesting that cten may play a critical role during tumorigenesis. To study the mechanisms that induce cten expression and the function of up-regulated cten, we examined the effects of several cancer-associated growth factors and cytokines on cten expression. We found that EGF, FGF2, NGF, PDGF, TGF-β, IGF-1, IL-6, and IL-13 were able to induce cten expression in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The Mek-Erk and PI3K-Akt pathways were two main signaling cascades responsible for cten up-regulation, whereas the Jak-Stat pathway could contribute to the increase in some conditions. Since many of these factors are known to promote cell migration, we hypothesized that up-regulated cten might contribute to this process. This hypothesis was investigated in FGF2-mediated cell migration. Silencing of cten not only reduced regular cell motility but also FGF2-mediated cell migration. Overexpression of cten promoted cell migration and FGF2 treatment failed to further enhance cell migration. Our findings that (1) cten is a common downstream molecule of these cancer-associated growth factors and cytokines; and that (2) up-regulated cten modulates cell migration induced by FGF2 and likely other growth factors as well, strongly suggest that cten could be a potential downstream therapeutic target for treating cancers associated with aberrant signaling of these growth factors and cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Ya Hung
- Center for Tissue Regeneration and Repair, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California-Davis, Sacramento, California
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Chen NT, Kuwabara Y, Conley C, Liao YC, Hong SY, Chen M, Shih YP, Chen HW, Hsieh F, Lo SH. Phylogenetic analysis, expression patterns, and transcriptional regulation of human CTEN gene. Gene 2013; 520:90-7. [PMID: 23500447 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.02.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2012] [Revised: 02/21/2013] [Accepted: 02/23/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Cten is a focal adhesion molecule and a member of the tensin family. Its expression is highly enriched in the prostate and placenta, suggesting that cten gene might be closely associated with mammalian species. Recent studies have reported that cten expression is frequently up-regulated in a variety of cancers and its levels appear to correlate with tumorigenicity. Here, we have (1) analyzed cten sequences of various species to build a phylogenetic tree, (2) examined cten mRNA levels in human and mouse tissues to establish its expression profiles, and (3) determined the promoter region of human CTEN gene in cell lines and in a mouse model to understand its transcriptional regulation. Our analyses indicate that all currently known cten genes are present in mammals. The prostate and placenta are the two most cten abundant tissues in human and mouse, meanwhile brain and lung also express low levels of cten. Results from cell culture reporter assays demonstrate that a 327-bp fragment is the shortest functional promoter. All functional promoter constructs produce 40- to 160-fold increases in luciferase reporter activities in normal prostate cells, whereas lower activities (<40-fold) are detected in non-prostatic cell lines. To evaluate CTEN promoter activity in mice and develop a new tissue specific Cre recombinase mouse model, we have established pCTEN-Cre:R26R mice by crossing R26R β-galactosidase reporter mice with pCTEN-Cre transgenic mice, in which the 327-bp cten promoter drives the expression of Cre recombinase. X-gal analysis has shown strong β-galactosidase activities in the prostate, brain, and few other tissues in pCTEN-Cre:R26R mice. Altogether, we have identified the promoter region of human cten gene and provided a useful tool for investigating cell lineages and generating tissue-specific knockout or knockin mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nien-Tsu Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California-Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
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Ben-Chetrit N, Tarcic G, Yarden Y. ERK-ERF-EGR1, a novel switch underlying acquisition of a motile phenotype. Cell Adh Migr 2012; 7:33-7. [PMID: 23076209 DOI: 10.4161/cam.22263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Unlike the well-characterized checkpoints of the cell cycle, which establish commitment to cell division, signaling pathways and gene expression programs that commit cells to migration are incompletely understood. Apparently, several molecular switches are activated in response to an extracellular cue, such as the epidermal growth factor (EGF), and they simultaneously confer distinct features of an integrated motile phenotype. Here we review such early (transcription-independent) and late switches, in light of a novel ERK-ERF-EGR1 switch we recently reported in the FASEB Journal. The study employed human mammary cells and two stimuli: EGF, which induced mammary cell migration, and serum factors, which stimulated cell growth. By contrasting the underlying pathways we unveiled a cascade that allows the active form of the ERK mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade to export the ERF repressor from the nucleus, thereby permitting tightly balanced stimulation of an EGR1-centered gene expression program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nir Ben-Chetrit
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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