1
|
Lai LL, Huang PH, Stemme G, Niklaus F, Gylfason KB. 3D Printing of Glass Micro-Optics with Subwavelength Features on Optical Fiber Tips. ACS Nano 2024; 18:10788-10797. [PMID: 38551815 PMCID: PMC11044591 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c11030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/24/2024]
Abstract
Integration of functional materials and structures on the tips of optical fibers has enabled various applications in micro-optics, such as sensing, imaging, and optical trapping. Direct laser writing is a 3D printing technology that holds promise for fabricating advanced micro-optical structures on fiber tips. To date, material selection has been limited to organic polymer-based photoresists because existing methods for 3D direct laser writing of inorganic materials involve high-temperature processing that is not compatible with optical fibers. However, organic polymers do not feature stability and transparency comparable to those of inorganic glasses. Herein, we demonstrate 3D direct laser writing of inorganic glass with a subwavelength resolution on optical fiber tips. We show two distinct printing modes that enable the printing of solid silica glass structures ("Uniform Mode") and self-organized subwavelength gratings ("Nanograting Mode"), respectively. We illustrate the utility of our approach by printing two functional devices: (1) a refractive index sensor that can measure the indices of binary mixtures of acetone and methanol at near-infrared wavelengths and (2) a compact polarization beam splitter for polarization control and beam steering in an all-in-fiber system. By combining the superior material properties of glass with the plug-and-play nature of optical fibers, this approach enables promising applications in fields such as fiber sensing, optical microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), and quantum photonics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lee-Lun Lai
- Division
of Micro and Nanosystems, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer
Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm 10044, Sweden
| | - Po-Han Huang
- Division
of Micro and Nanosystems, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer
Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm 10044, Sweden
| | - Göran Stemme
- Division
of Micro and Nanosystems, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer
Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm 10044, Sweden
| | - Frank Niklaus
- Division
of Micro and Nanosystems, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer
Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm 10044, Sweden
| | - Kristinn B. Gylfason
- Division
of Micro and Nanosystems, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer
Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm 10044, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chen S, Li Z, Huang PH, Ruiz V, Su Y, Fu Y, Alesanco Y, Malm BG, Niklaus F, Li J. Ultrafast Metal-Free Microsupercapacitor Arrays Directly Store Instantaneous High-Voltage Electricity from Mechanical Energy Harvesters. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2024:e2400697. [PMID: 38502870 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202400697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Harvesting renewable mechanical energy is envisioned as a promising and sustainable way for power generation. Many recent mechanical energy harvesters are able to produce instantaneous (pulsed) electricity with a high peak voltage of over 100 V. However, directly storing such irregular high-voltage pulse electricity remains a great challenge. The use of extra power management components can boost storage efficiency but increase system complexity. Here utilizing the conducting polymer PEDOT:PSS, high-rate metal-free micro-supercapacitor (MSC) arrays are successfully fabricated for direct high-efficiency storage of high-voltage pulse electricity. Within an area of 2.4 × 3.4 cm2 on various paper substrates, large-scale MSC arrays (comprising up to 100 cells) can be printed to deliver a working voltage window of 160 V at an ultrahigh scan rate up to 30 V s-1 . The ultrahigh rate capability enables the MSC arrays to quickly capture and efficiently store the high-voltage (≈150 V) pulse electricity produced by a droplet-based electricity generator at a high efficiency of 62%, significantly higher than that (<2%) of the batteries or capacitors demonstrated in the literature. Moreover, the compact and metal-free features make these MSC arrays excellent candidates for sustainable high-performance energy storage in self-charging power systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shiqian Chen
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Division of Electronics and Embedded Systems, Electrum 229, Kista, 16440, Sweden
| | - Zheng Li
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Division of Electronics and Embedded Systems, Electrum 229, Kista, 16440, Sweden
| | - Po-Han Huang
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Division of Micro and Nanosystems, Stockholm, SE-100 44, Sweden
| | - Virginia Ruiz
- CIDETEC, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Po. Miramón 196, Donostia-San Sebastián, 20014, Spain
| | - Yingchun Su
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Division of Electronics and Embedded Systems, Electrum 229, Kista, 16440, Sweden
| | - Yujie Fu
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Division of Electronics and Embedded Systems, Electrum 229, Kista, 16440, Sweden
| | - Yolanda Alesanco
- CIDETEC, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Po. Miramón 196, Donostia-San Sebastián, 20014, Spain
| | - B Gunnar Malm
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Division of Electronics and Embedded Systems, Electrum 229, Kista, 16440, Sweden
| | - Frank Niklaus
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Division of Micro and Nanosystems, Stockholm, SE-100 44, Sweden
| | - Jiantong Li
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Division of Electronics and Embedded Systems, Electrum 229, Kista, 16440, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Huang PH, Laakso M, Edinger P, Hartwig O, Duesberg GS, Lai LL, Mayer J, Nyman J, Errando-Herranz C, Stemme G, Gylfason KB, Niklaus F. Three-dimensional printing of silica glass with sub-micrometer resolution. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3305. [PMID: 37280208 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38996-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Silica glass is a high-performance material used in many applications such as lenses, glassware, and fibers. However, modern additive manufacturing of micro-scale silica glass structures requires sintering of 3D-printed silica-nanoparticle-loaded composites at ~1200 °C, which causes substantial structural shrinkage and limits the choice of substrate materials. Here, 3D printing of solid silica glass with sub-micrometer resolution is demonstrated without the need of a sintering step. This is achieved by locally crosslinking hydrogen silsesquioxane to silica glass using nonlinear absorption of sub-picosecond laser pulses. The as-printed glass is optically transparent but shows a high ratio of 4-membered silicon-oxygen rings and photoluminescence. Optional annealing at 900 °C makes the glass indistinguishable from fused silica. The utility of the approach is demonstrated by 3D printing an optical microtoroid resonator, a luminescence source, and a suspended plate on an optical-fiber tip. This approach enables promising applications in fields such as photonics, medicine, and quantum-optics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Po-Han Huang
- Division of Micro and Nanosystems, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, 10044, Sweden
| | - Miku Laakso
- Division of Micro and Nanosystems, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, 10044, Sweden
| | - Pierre Edinger
- Division of Micro and Nanosystems, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, 10044, Sweden
| | - Oliver Hartwig
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, University of the Bundeswehr Munich & SENS Research Center, Neubiberg, 85577, Germany
| | - Georg S Duesberg
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, University of the Bundeswehr Munich & SENS Research Center, Neubiberg, 85577, Germany
| | - Lee-Lun Lai
- Division of Micro and Nanosystems, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, 10044, Sweden
| | - Joachim Mayer
- Central Facility for Electron Microscopy (GFE), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, 52074, Germany
| | - Johan Nyman
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, Linköping, 58183, Sweden
| | - Carlos Errando-Herranz
- Division of Micro and Nanosystems, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, 10044, Sweden
| | - Göran Stemme
- Division of Micro and Nanosystems, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, 10044, Sweden
| | - Kristinn B Gylfason
- Division of Micro and Nanosystems, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, 10044, Sweden
| | - Frank Niklaus
- Division of Micro and Nanosystems, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, 10044, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lin JD, Han YH, Huang PH, Tan J, Chen JC, Tanveer M, Hua KL. DEFAEK: Domain Effective Fast Adaptive Network for Face Anti-Spoofing. Neural Netw 2023; 161:83-91. [PMID: 36736002 DOI: 10.1016/j.neunet.2023.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Existing deep learning based face anti-spoofing (FAS) or deepfake detection approaches usually rely on large-scale datasets and powerful networks with significant amount of parameters to achieve satisfactory performance. However, these make them resource-heavy and unsuitable for handheld devices. Moreover, they are limited by the types of spoof in the dataset they train on and require considerable training time. To produce a robust FAS model, they need large datasets covering the widest variety of predefined presentation attacks possible. Testing on new or unseen attacks or environments generally results in poor performance. Ideally, the FAS model should learn discriminative features that can generalize well even on unseen spoof types. In this paper, we propose a fast learning approach called Domain Effective Fast Adaptive nEt-worK (DEFAEK), a face anti-spoofing approach based on the optimization-based meta-learning paradigm that effectively and quickly adapts to new tasks. DEFAEK treats differences in an environment as domains and simulates multiple domain shifts during training. To further improve the effectiveness and efficiency of meta-learning, we adopt the metric learning in the inner loop update with careful sample selection. With extensive experiments on the challenging CelebA-Spoof and FaceForensics++ datasets, the evaluation results show that DEFAEK can learn cues independent of the environment with good generalization capability. In addition, the resulting model is lightweight following the design principle of modern lightweight network architecture and still generalizes well on unseen classes. In addition, we also demonstrate our model's capabilities by comparing the numbers of parameters, FLOPS, and model performance with other state-of-the-art methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiun-Da Lin
- Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, 106335, Taiwan, ROC; Research Center for Information Technology Innovation, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115201, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Yue-Hua Han
- Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, 106335, Taiwan, ROC; Research Center for Information Technology Innovation, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115201, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Po-Han Huang
- Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, 106335, Taiwan, ROC; Research Center for Information Technology Innovation, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115201, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Julianne Tan
- Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, 106335, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Jun-Cheng Chen
- Research Center for Information Technology Innovation, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115201, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - M Tanveer
- Department of Mathematics, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol, 453552, India.
| | - Kai-Lung Hua
- Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, 106335, Taiwan, ROC.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wang YX, Huang CY, Chiu HJ, Huang PH, Chien HT, Jwo SH, Liao YC. Nuclear-localized CTEN is a novel transcriptional regulator and promotes cancer cell migration through its downstream target CDC27. J Physiol Biochem 2023; 79:163-174. [PMID: 36399312 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-022-00932-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
C-terminal tensin-like (CTEN) is a tensin family protein typically localized to the cytoplasmic side of focal adhesions, and primarily contributes to cell adhesion and migration. Elevated expression and nuclear accumulation of CTEN have been reported in several types of cancers and found to be associated with malignant behaviors. However, the function of nuclear CTEN remains elusive. In this study, we report for the first time that nuclear CTEN associates with chromatin DNA and occupies the region proximal to the transcription start site in several genes. The mRNA expression level of CTEN positively correlates with that of one of its putative target genes, cell division cycle protein 27 (CDC27), in a clinical colorectal cancer dataset, suggesting that CTEN may play a role in the regulation of CDC27 gene expression. Furthermore, we demonstrated that CTEN is recruited to the promoter region of the CDC27 gene and that the mRNA expression and promoter activity of CDC27 are both reduced when CTEN is downregulated. In addition, we found that enhanced nuclear accumulation of CTEN in HCT116 cells by overexpression of CTEN fused with nuclear localization signals increases CDC27 transcript levels and promoter activity. The increased nuclear-localized CTEN also significantly promotes cell migration, and the migratory ability is suppressed when CDC27 is knocked down. These results demonstrate that nuclear CTEN regulates CDC27 expression transcriptionally and promotes cell migration through CDC27. Our findings provide new insights into CTEN moonlighting in the nucleus as a DNA-associated protein and transcriptional regulator involved in modulating cancer cell migration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Xuan Wang
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yang Huang
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Ju Chiu
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Po-Han Huang
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Ting Chien
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Si-Han Jwo
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chun Liao
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Chen WY, Lo YC, Huang PH, Chen YX, Tsao PC, Lee YS, Jeng MJ, Hung MC. Increased antibiotic exposure in early life is associated with adverse outcomes in very low birth weight infants. J Chin Med Assoc 2022; 85:939-943. [PMID: 35648148 DOI: 10.1097/jcma.0000000000000749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of antibiotics in the early lives of premature infants may alter the microbiota and influence their clinical outcomes. However, whether the administration of probiotics can influence these outcomes remains unknown. In our study, probiotics were routinely administered unless contraindicated. We explored whether increased antibiotic exposure with the routine use of probiotics was associated with necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) or bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). METHODS A retrospective cohort study was conducted, enrolling very low birth weight (VLBW) infants admitted between January 1, 2016, and March 31, 2020, to a medical center. Days of antibiotic exposure in the first 14 days of life were recorded. The primary outcomes were NEC and BPD. Adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using multivariable regression analyses to assess risk factors. RESULTS Of 185 VLBW infants admitted to the medical center, 132 met the inclusion criteria. Each additional day of antibiotic treatment was associated with increased odds of NEC (aOR, 1.278; 95% CI, 1.025-1.593) and BPD (aOR, 1.630; 95% CI, 1.233-2.156). The association remained in the NEC analysis after adjustment for probiotic use. CONCLUSION Increased antibiotic exposure in the early lives of VLBW infants was associated with increased risks of NEC and BPD. The probiotics did not influence the outcomes. Our findings suggest that clinicians should be alerted to the adverse outcomes of antibiotic use in infants with VLBWs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Yin Chen
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Veterans General Hospital and National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yu-Cheng Lo
- Division of Neonatology and Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Po-Han Huang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yu-Xuan Chen
- Division of Neonatology and Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Pei-Chen Tsao
- Division of Neonatology and Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Institute of Physiology, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yu-Sheng Lee
- Division of Neonatology and Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Institute of Public Health, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Mei-Jy Jeng
- Division of Neonatology and Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Miao-Chiu Hung
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Veterans General Hospital and National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hu CY, Hung CL, Huang YC, Huang PH, Tseng DY, Lin YH, Sun FJ, Kao FJ, Yeh HI, Liu YY. Alcohol patch test with hue-saturation-value model analysis predicts ALDH2 genetic polymorphism. Comput Biol Med 2022; 147:105783. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2022.105783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
8
|
Huang PH, Chen WY, Chou SH, Wang FD, Lin YT. Risk Factors for the Development of Colistin Resistance during Colistin Treatment of Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae Infections. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0038122. [PMID: 35652641 PMCID: PMC9241908 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00381-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Colistin is one of the last-resort options for carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) infections if novel antibiotics are unavailable, where the development of colistin resistance during treatment represents a major challenge for clinicians. We aimed to investigate the risk factors associated with the development of colistin resistance in patients with CRKP infections following colistin treatment. We conducted a retrospective case-control study of patients with CRKP strains available before and after colistin treatment at a medical center in Taiwan, between October 2016 and November 2020. Cases (n = 35) included patients with an initial colistin-susceptible CRKP (ColS-CRKP) strain and a subsequent colistin-resistant CRKP (ColR-CRKP) strain. Controls (n = 18) included patients with ColS-CRKP as both the initial and subsequent strains. The 30-day mortality rate after the subsequent CRKP isolation was not different between cases and controls (12/35 [34%] versus 5/18 [28%] [P = 0.631]). blaKPC (n = 38) and blaOXA-48 (n = 11) accounted for the major mechanisms of carbapenem resistance. Alterations in mgrB were found in 18/35 (51%) ColR-CRKP strains, and mcr-1 was not detected in any of the strains. More patients received combination therapy in the control group than in the case group (17/18 versus 21/35 [P = 0.008]). The logistic regression model indicated that combination therapy with tigecycline was protective against the acquisition of colistin resistance (odds ratio, 0.17; 95% confidence interval, 0.05 to 0.62 [P = 0.008]). We observed that the inclusion of tigecycline in colistin treatment mitigated the risk of acquiring colistin resistance. These results offer insight into using the combination of tigecycline and colistin for the treatment of CRKP infections in antimicrobial stewardship. IMPORTANCE Treatment of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) infections is challenging due to the limited options of antibiotics. Colistin is one of the last-resort antibiotics if novel antimicrobial agents are not available. It is crucial to identify modifiable clinical factors associated with the emergence of resistance during colistin treatment. Here, we found that the addition of tigecycline to colistin treatment prevented the acquisition of colistin resistance. Colistin-tigecycline combination therapy is therefore considered a hopeful option in antimicrobial stewardship to treat CRKP infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Po-Han Huang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Yin Chen
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Paediatrics, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Hua Chou
- Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Der Wang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Tsung Lin
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Smrke A, Frezza AM, Giani C, Somaiah N, Brahmi M, Czarnecka AM, Rutkowski P, Van der Graaf W, Baldi GG, Connolly E, Duffaud F, Huang PH, Gelderblom H, Bhadri V, Grimison P, Mahar A, Stacchiotti S, Jones RL. Systemic treatment of advanced clear cell sarcoma: results from a retrospective international series from the World Sarcoma Network. ESMO Open 2022; 7:100522. [PMID: 35717681 PMCID: PMC9271493 DOI: 10.1016/j.esmoop.2022.100522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Clear cell sarcoma (CCS) is a translocated aggressive malignancy with a high incidence of metastases and poor prognosis. There are few studies describing the activity of systemic therapy in CCS. We report a multi-institutional retrospective study of the outcomes of patients with advanced CCS treated with systemic therapy within the World Sarcoma Network (WSN). Materials and methods Patients with molecularly confirmed locally advanced or metastatic CCS treated with systemic therapy from June 1985 to May 2021 were included. Baseline demographic and treatment information, including response by Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumours (RECIST) 1.1, was retrospectively collected by local investigators. Descriptive statistics were carried out. Results Fifty-five patients from 10 institutions were included. At diagnosis, the median age was 30 (15-73) years and 24% (n = 13/55) had metastatic disease. The median age at diagnosis was 30 (15-73) years. Most primary tumours were at aponeurosis (n = 9/55, 16%) or non-aponeurosis limb sites (n = 17/55, 31%). The most common fusion was EWSR1–ATF1 (n = 24/55, 44%). The median number of systemic therapies was 1 (range 1-7). The best response rate was seen for patients treated with sunitinib (30%, n = 3/10), with a median progression-free survival of 4 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1-7] months. The median overall survival for patients with advanced/metastatic disease was 15 months (95% CI 3-27 months). Conclusions Soft tissue sarcoma-type systemic therapies have limited benefit in advanced CCS and response rate was poor. International, multicentre prospective translational studies are required to identify new treatments for this ultra-rare subtype, and access to early clinical trial enrolment remains key for patients with CCS. This is the largest reported series of advanced CCS patients treated with systemic therapy. The activity of sarcoma-type systemic therapy is poor and modest responses were seen only with sunitinib. Effective therapies are needed to improve outcomes for patients with this ultra-rare sarcoma type.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Smrke
- The Royal Marsden Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; BC Cancer, Vancouver, Canada
| | - A M Frezza
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - C Giani
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - N Somaiah
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - M Brahmi
- Centre Leon Berard, Lyon, France
| | - A M Czarnecka
- Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warszawa, Poland
| | - P Rutkowski
- Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warszawa, Poland
| | | | - G G Baldi
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital of Prato, Prato, Italy
| | - E Connolly
- Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, Camperdown, Australia
| | - F Duffaud
- La Timone Hospital and Aix-Marseille University (AMU), Marseilles, France
| | - P H Huang
- Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - H Gelderblom
- Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - V Bhadri
- Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, Camperdown, Australia
| | - P Grimison
- Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, Camperdown, Australia
| | - A Mahar
- Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, Australia
| | - S Stacchiotti
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - R L Jones
- The Royal Marsden Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Cheng YH, Chou SH, Huang PH, Yang TC, Juan YF, Kreiswirth BN, Lin YT, Chen L. Characterization of a mcr-1 and CRISPR-Cas System Co-harboring Plasmid in a Carbapenemase-Producing High-Risk ST11 Klebsiella pneumoniae Strain. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:762947. [PMID: 34777318 PMCID: PMC8579119 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.762947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We set out to study the prevalence of the mcr-1 gene in carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae (CPKP) strains, and to determine whether its presence is associated with a fitness cost. A total of 234 clinical CPKP isolates were collected from a tertiary medical center in Taiwan from January 2018 to January 2019. The mcr-1 and carbapenemase genes were detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by Sanger sequencing. The mcr-1-positive carbapenemase-producing strain was characterized by whole genome sequencing, a plasmid stability test and a conjugation assay. In vitro growth rate and an in vivo virulence test were compared between the parental mcr-1-positive strain and its mcr-1 plasmid-cured strain. We identified only one mcr-1 positive strain (KP2509), co-harboring blaKPC–2 and blaOXA–48, among 234 (1/234, 0.43%) CPKP strains. KP2509 and its Escherichia coli mcr-1 transconjugant showed moderate colistin resistance (MIC = 8 mg/L). The mcr-1 is located on a large conjugative plasmid (317 kb), pKP2509-MCR, with three replicons, IncHI, IncFIB, and IncN. Interestingly, a complete Type IV-A3 CRISPR-Cas system was identified in pKP2509-MCR. Plasmid pKP2509-MCR was highly stable in KP2509 after 270 generation of passage, and the pKP2509-MCR cured strain PC-KP2509 showed similar growth rate and in vivo virulence in comparison to KP2509. The prevalence of mcr-1 in CPKP strains remains low in our center. Notably, we identified a large plasmid with multiple replicons containing both the mcr-1 and the Type IV-3A CRISPR-Cas genes. The further spread of this highly stable plasmid raises concern that it may promote the increase of mcr-1 prevalence in CPKP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hsiang Cheng
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Hua Chou
- Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Han Huang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsuey-Ching Yang
- Department of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Fan Juan
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Barry N Kreiswirth
- Hackensack Meridian Health Center for Discovery and Innovation, Nutley, NJ, United States
| | - Yi-Tsung Lin
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Liang Chen
- Hackensack Meridian Health Center for Discovery and Innovation, Nutley, NJ, United States.,Department of Medical Sciences, Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Nutley, NJ, United States
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Lee H, Chien RN, Pao LH, Kuo CJ, Huang PH, Chang ML. Decoupled Glucose and Lipid Metabolic Recovery after Viral Clearance in Direct-Acting Antiviral-Treated HCV Patients: A 3-Year Prospective Cohort Study. Cells 2021; 10:2934. [PMID: 34831156 PMCID: PMC8616092 DOI: 10.3390/cells10112934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM The recovery pattern of hepatitis C virus (HCV)-associated metabolic alteration after sustained virological response (SVR) following direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) remains elusive. METHODS A prospective cohort study of chronic HCV-infected (CHC) patients (n = 415) receiving DAAs (n = 365) was conducted. Metabolic profiles were examined in SVR patients (n = 360) every 3-6 months after therapy and compared with those of sex- and age-matched controls (n = 470). RESULTS At baseline, of 415, 168 (40.5%) had insulin resistance (IR). The following were associated: levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides (TGs), HCV RNA, fibrosis-4 score, and interferon-λ3-rs12979860 genotype with total cholesterol (TC) levels; and TG levels and BMI with HOMA-IR. Over a 3-year follow-up, in SVR patients, BMI and TC levels and TG/HDL-C ratios increased from baseline, while HOMA-IR trended downward by 72 weeks after therapy and then increased. The increased HDL-C levels began to decrease after 72 weeks after therapy. TC and HOMA-IR were negatively associated with each other until 24 weeks after therapy. Earlier increases in BMI and decreases in HOMA-IR were noted in SVR patients with than in those without baseline IR. Compared with controls, in the subgroup without baseline IR, SVR patients had increased BMI and HOMA-IR levels. Metabolic profiles were similar between SVR patients and controls in the subgroup with baseline IR. CONCLUSIONS In SVR patients treated with DAAs, the recovery of altered lipid and glucose metabolism was not coupled until 72-week post-therapy, when HOMA-IR reached its nadir. SVR patients with baseline IR recovered from HCV-associated metabolic alterations earlier than those without baseline IR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heng Lee
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333323, Taiwan; (H.L.); (R.-N.C.); (C.-J.K.); (P.-H.H.)
- Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112201, Taiwan
| | - Rong-Nan Chien
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333323, Taiwan; (H.L.); (R.-N.C.); (C.-J.K.); (P.-H.H.)
- Division of Hepatology, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333423, Taiwan
| | - Li-Heng Pao
- Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 33303, Taiwan;
- Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety and Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 33303, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Jung Kuo
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333323, Taiwan; (H.L.); (R.-N.C.); (C.-J.K.); (P.-H.H.)
- Division of Hepatology, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333423, Taiwan
| | - Po-Han Huang
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333323, Taiwan; (H.L.); (R.-N.C.); (C.-J.K.); (P.-H.H.)
- Division of Hepatology, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333423, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Ling Chang
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333323, Taiwan; (H.L.); (R.-N.C.); (C.-J.K.); (P.-H.H.)
- Division of Hepatology, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333423, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Liu YY, Hung CL, Sun FJ, Huang PH, Cheng YF, Yeh HI. Augmentation Index Predicts the Sweat Volume in Young Runners. J Sports Sci Med 2021; 20:448-456. [PMID: 34267584 DOI: 10.52082/jssm.2021.448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Sweating during exercise is regulated by objective parameters, body weight, and endothelial function, among other factors. However, the relationship between vascular arterial stiffness and sweat volume in young adults remains unclear. This study aimed to identify hemodynamic parameters before exercise that can predict sweat volume during exercise, and post-exercise parameters that can be predicted by the sweat volume. Eighty-nine young healthy subjects (aged 21.9 ± 1.7 years, 51 males) were recruited to each perform a 3-km run on a treadmill. Demographic and anthropometric data were collected and hemodynamic data were obtained, including heart rate, blood pressure and pulse wave analysis using non-invasive tonometry. Sweat volume was defined as pre-exercise body weight minus post-exercise body weight. Post-exercise hemodynamic parameters were also collected. Sweat volume was significantly associated with gender, body surface area (BSA) (b = 0.288, p = 0.010), peripheral systolic blood pressure (SBP), peripheral and central pulse pressure (PP), and was inversely associated with augmentation index at an HR of 75 beats/min (AIx@HR75) (b = -0.005, p = 0.019) and ejection duration. While BSA appeared to predict central PP (B = 19.271, p ≤ 0.001), central PP plus AIx@HR75 further predicted sweat volume (B = 0.008, p = 0.025; B = -0.009, p = 0.003 respectively). Sweat volume was associated with peripheral SBP change (B = -17.560, p = 0.031). Sweat volume during a 3-km run appears to be influenced by hemodynamic parameters, including vascular arterial stiffness and central pulse pressure. Results of the present study suggest that vascular arterial stiffness likely regulates sweat volume during exercise.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Yu Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Cardiovascular Division, Department of Internal Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Lieh Hung
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Internal Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Mackay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Ju Sun
- Mackay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Biomedical Informatics, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Han Huang
- General Internal Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Fan Cheng
- General Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hung-I Yeh
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Internal Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Mackay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Chen IR, Huang PH, Wu PF, Wang FD, Lin YT. Clinical characteristics and outcomes of 56 patients with pneumonia caused by carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2021; 25:326-330. [PMID: 33957289 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2021.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Pneumonia caused by carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) is associated with high mortality. However, clinical studies on CRKP infections often exclusively involve bacteraemia, with only a few studies having focused on pneumonia. This retrospective study was conducted to investigate the clinical and microbiological characteristics of pneumonia caused by CRKP. METHODS Adult patients diagnosed with CRKP monomicrobial pneumonia treated with at least one active antimicrobial agent within 5 days of the pneumonia diagnosis were identified in a medical centre in Taiwan between January 2017 and April 2019. Clinical characteristics and outcomes of these patients were determined. Resistance mechanisms and capsular types of the CRKP isolates were determined by PCR. RESULTS A total of 56 patients with CRKP monomicrobial pneumonia were identified. The 7-day and 14-day mortality rates were 7.1% and 23.2%, respectively. Malignancy [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 8.87, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.66-47.26; P = 0.011] and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II score (aOR = 1.12, 95% CI 1-1.25; P = 0.048) were independently associated with 14-day mortality. Most CRKP clinical isolates were carbapenemase-producers (39/44; 88.6%), of which K. pneumoniae carbapenemase type 2 (KPC-2)-producing isolates were most prevalent (30/39; 76.9%). The most prevalent capsular type in these isolates was K47 (30/44; 68.2%). CONCLUSION CRKP pneumonia is associated with high 14-day mortality. Malignancy and APACHE II score were independently associated with 14-day mortality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I-Ren Chen
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Han Huang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Feng Wu
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Der Wang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Tsung Lin
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Abstract
Bacterial cancer therapy was developed using probiotic Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (EcN) for medical intervention of colorectal cancer. EcN was armed with HlyE, a small cytotoxic protein, under the control of the araBAD promoter (PBAD). The intrinsic limitation of PBAD for the gene expression is known to be negated by glucose and afflicted with all-or-nothing induction in host bacteria. This issue was addressed by metabolic engineering of EcN to uncouple the glucose-mediated control circuit and the L-arabinose transport-induction loop and to block L-arabinose catabolism. As a result, the reprogrammed strain (designated EcNe) enabled efficient expression of HlyE in a temporal control manner. The HlyE production was insensitive to glucose and reached a saturated level in response to L-arabinose at 30-50 μM. Moreover, the administrated EcNe exhibited tumor-specific colonization with the tumor-to-organ ratio of 106:1. Equipped with HlyE, EcNe significantly caused tumor regression in mice xenografted with human colorectal cancer cells. Overall, this study proposes a new strategy for the bacteria-mediated delivery of therapeutic proteins to tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Jen Chiang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, No. 91, Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Po-Han Huang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, No. 91, Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
You CX, Huang PH, Lin SC. Concomitant selective adsorption and covalent immobilization of a His-tagged protein switch with silica-based metal chelate-epoxy bifunctional adsorbents. Process Biochem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2020.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
|
16
|
Lee ATJ, Chew W, Wilding CP, Guljar N, Smith MJ, Strauss DC, Fisher C, Hayes AJ, Judson I, Thway K, Jones RL, Huang PH. The adequacy of tissue microarrays in the assessment of inter- and intra-tumoural heterogeneity of infiltrating lymphocyte burden in leiomyosarcoma. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14602. [PMID: 31601875 PMCID: PMC6787212 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50888-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The characterisation and clinical relevance of tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in leiomyosarcoma (LMS), a subtype of soft tissue sarcoma that exhibits histological heterogeneity, is not established. The use of tissue microarrays (TMA) in studies that profile TIL burden is attractive but given the potential for intra-tumoural heterogeneity to introduce sampling errors, the adequacy of this approach is undetermined. In this study, we assessed the histological inter- and intra-tumoural heterogeneity in TIL burden within a retrospective cohort of primary LMS specimens. Using a virtual TMA approach, we also analysed the optimal number of TMA cores required to provide an accurate representation of TIL burden in a full tissue section. We establish that LMS have generally low and spatially homogenous TIL burdens, although a small proportion exhibit higher levels and more heterogeneous distribution of TILs. We show that a conventional and practical number (e.g. ≤3) of TMA cores is adequate for correct ordinal categorisation of tumours with high or low TIL burden, but that many more cores (≥11) are required to accurately estimate absolute TIL numbers. Our findings provide a benchmark for the design of future studies aiming to define the clinical relevance of the immune microenvironments of LMS and other sarcoma subtypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A T J Lee
- Sarcoma Unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, SW3 6JJ, UK.,Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JB, UK
| | - W Chew
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JB, UK
| | - C P Wilding
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JB, UK
| | - N Guljar
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JB, UK
| | - M J Smith
- Sarcoma Unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, SW3 6JJ, UK
| | - D C Strauss
- Sarcoma Unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, SW3 6JJ, UK
| | - C Fisher
- Sarcoma Unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, SW3 6JJ, UK
| | - A J Hayes
- Sarcoma Unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, SW3 6JJ, UK
| | - I Judson
- Sarcoma Unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, SW3 6JJ, UK
| | - K Thway
- Sarcoma Unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, SW3 6JJ, UK
| | - R L Jones
- Sarcoma Unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, SW3 6JJ, UK.,Division of Clinical Studies, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JB, UK
| | - P H Huang
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JB, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Huang PH, Hu CC, Chien CH, Chen LW, Chien RN, Lin YS, Chao M, Lin CL, Yeh CT. The Defective Allele of Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 2 Gene is Associated with Favorable Postoperative Prognosis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. J Cancer 2019; 10:5735-5743. [PMID: 31737110 PMCID: PMC6843870 DOI: 10.7150/jca.33221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) mutant genotypes contain an allele encoding defective ALDH2 with reduced efficacy of alcohol metabolism leading to accumulation of highly toxic and carcinogenic acetaldehyde. It can induce unpleasant "Asian flush syndrome" and associate with increased risk of cancers. However, to date, little is known about ALDH2 genotypes in relation to the postoperative prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods: From 2002 to 2012, 419 HCC patients receiving surgical resection of HCC were enrolled for ALDH2-rs671 genotyping and outcome correlation. Results: Of the patients included, 202 were ALDH2-rs671 "GG" (wild type) and 217 were mutant (defective) "AA" + "GA" genotype. Kaplan-Meier analysis indicated that "GG" genotype significantly associated with shorter metastasis-free (P = 0.034) and overall (P = 0.005) survival, but not recurrence-free survival (P = 0.281). Univariate followed by multivariate Cox proportional hazard analysis showed that "GG" genotype was an independent clinical predictor for shorter time-to-distant metastasis (adjusted P = 0.019) and shorter overall survival (adjusted P = 0.001). Subgroup analysis showed that in patients with negative hepatitis B surface antigen, Edmonson's histology grade < 3, and aspartate transaminase > alanine transaminase, the ALDH2-rs671-GG genotype was associated with both shorter time-to-metastasis and shorter overall survival. Conclusions: HCC patients carrying a defective allele of ALDH2 had a favorable postoperative outcome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Po-Han Huang
- Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Chih Hu
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Liver Research Unit, Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hung Chien
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Liver Research Unit, Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan.,Community Medicine Research Center, Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Li-Wei Chen
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Liver Research Unit, Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan.,Community Medicine Research Center, Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Rong-Nan Chien
- Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Liver Research Unit, Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan.,Community Medicine Research Center, Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
| | | | - Mei Chao
- Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Division of Microbiology, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Lang Lin
- Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Liver Research Unit, Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan.,Community Medicine Research Center, Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Chau-Ting Yeh
- Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Kuo CS, Chou RH, Lu YW, Lin SJ, Huang PH. P1585Increased circulating galectin 1 level is associated with progression of kidney function decline in patients with suspected coronary artery disease, independent of diabetes. Eur Heart J 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz748.0345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Galectin-1 modulates acute and chronic inflammation, and is associated with glucose homeostasis and chronic renal disease. Whether serum Galectin-1 levels could predict the short-term and long-term renal outcomes after contrast exposure in patients with suspected coronary artery disease remains uncertain.
Purpose
This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between serum Galectin-1 levels and the incidence of contrast-induced nephropathy and to investigate the predictive role of circulating galectin-1 levels in renal function decline in patients undergoing coronary angiography.
Methods
In total, 798 patients who had received coronary angiography were enrolled. Serum galectin-1 levels were determined before administration of contrast media. Contrast-induced nephropathy was defined as a rise in serum creatinine of 0.5 mg/dL or a 25% increase from baseline within 48 h after the procedure. Progressive renal function decline was defined as >30% decrease in estimated glomerular filtration rate after discharge. All patients were followed up for at least one year or until the occurrence of death after coronary angiography.
Results
Overall, contrast-induced nephropathy occurred in 41 (5.1%) patients. During a median follow-up of 1.4±1.1 years, 80 (10.0%) cases had subsequent decline in renal function. After adjustment for demographic characteristics, kidney function, traditional risk factors, and medications, higher galectin-1 level was found to be independently associated with a higher risk for mortality and renal function decline (tertile 2, HR=3.12 95% CI,1.25–7.78; tertile 3, HR=3.25, 95% CI,1.42–7.41) but not for contrast-induced nephropathy, regardless of the presence of diabetes.
Conclusions
Higher baseline serum galectin-1 levels were associated with a higher risk of mortality and renal function decline in patients undergoing coronary angiography. Galectin-1 may play a pivotal role in progressive renal dysfunction, but further studies are needed to verify these results.
Acknowledgement/Funding
Ministry of Science and Technology of Taiwan (MOST 104-2314-B-075-047), Taipei Veterans General Hospital (V105C-0207, V106C-045, V108C-195)
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C S Kuo
- Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - R H Chou
- Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Y W Lu
- Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Division of Cardiology, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - S J Lin
- Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Healthcare and Services Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - P H Huang
- Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Huang PH, Hsieh JT, Yang CY. A Gaseous Kidney and Ureter. Am J Med Sci 2019; 358:e25. [PMID: 31395283 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2019.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 07/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jyh-Tong Hsieh
- Department of Medicine; Division of Nephrology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yu Yang
- Department of Medicine; Division of Nephrology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Abstract
RATIONALE Mesalazine is widely used to treat inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, discriminating between pulmonary manifestations of IBD and drug-related lung disease remains a challenge. There were few case reports of mesalazine-related organizing pneumonia so far. PATIENT CONCERNS A 75-year-old female was diagnosed with ulcerative colitis and took mesalazine over a period of 2 years and 8 months. She presented with progressive shortness of breath for 3 days and visited our emergency department. Chest radiography showed increased bilateral infiltrates. During hospitalization her clinical condition deteriorated, and she was transferred to our intensive care unit under noninvasive ventilator support. DIAGNOSIS Computed tomography (CT) scan showed diffuse peribronchial and subpleural consolidations in bilateral lungs. Possible etiologies of interstitial lung disease were surveyed, including various infectious diseases and connective tissue diseases. Transbronchial lung biopsy showed characteristic features of organizing pneumonia. INTERVENTIONS Under the consideration of mesalazine-related lung disease, mesalazine was discontinued early in disease course and steroid therapy was given. OUTCOMES The patient was discharged from hospital with improved clinical symptoms and radiographic images. LESSONS Although this patient suffered a life-threatening adverse event, prompt diagnosis with proper management can result in a favorable outcome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Po-Han Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital
| | - Chia-Jung Kuo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital
- Chang Gung University, College of Medicine
| | - Chang-Wei Lin
- Chang Gung University, College of Medicine
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine
| | - Yu-Ming Cheng
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Han-Chung Hu
- Chang Gung University, College of Medicine
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine
| | - Chun-Yen Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital
- Chang Gung University, College of Medicine
| | - Ming-Yao Su
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital
- Chang Gung University, College of Medicine
| | - Cheng-Tang Chiu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital
- Chang Gung University, College of Medicine
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Chang HC, Huang PH, Syu FS, Hsieh CH, Chang SLY, Lu J, Chen HC. Critical involvement of atypical chemokine receptor CXCR7 in allergic airway inflammation. Immunology 2018; 154:274-284. [PMID: 29250768 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Trafficking and recruitment of immune cells to the site of inflammation with spatial and temporal synchronization is crucial for the development of allergic airway inflammation. Particularly, chemokines are known to be key players in these processes. Previous studies revealed that the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis plays an important role in regulating allergic airway inflammation. However, the role of CXCR7, a recently discovered second receptor for CXCL12, in regulating airway inflammation has not been explored. Initially, CXCR7 was considered as a decoy receptor; however, numerous subsequent studies revealed that engagement of CXCR7 triggered its own signalling or modulated CXCR4-mediated signalling. In the present study, we detected the expression of CXCR7 in airway epithelial cells. Use of a lentiviral delivery system to knock down the expression of CXCR7 in the lung of sensitized mice abrogated the cardinal features of asthma, indicating that CXCR7 plays a role in regulating allergic airway inflammation. The activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase and Akt signalling in response to CXCL12 in the mouse epithelial cell line MLE-12 was reduced when CXCR7 expression was knocked down. However, either knockdown or overexpression of CXCR7 in MLE-12 did not affect CXCL12-mediated calcium influx, indicating that CXCR7 does not modulate CXCR4-mediated signalling, and that it functions as a signalling receptor rather than a decoy receptor. Finally, we found that the expression of chemokine CCL2 is regulated by CXCR7/CXCL12-mediated signalling through β-arrestin in airway epithelial cells. Hence, regulating the expression of CCL2 in airway epithelial cells may be one mechanism by which CXCR7 participates in regulating allergic airway inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Chih Chang
- Graduate Institute of Life Science, National Defence Medical Centre, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Han Huang
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Sheng Syu
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hung Hsieh
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Sunny Li-Yun Chang
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Biomedical Informatics, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jean Lu
- Graduate Institute of Life Science, National Defence Medical Centre, Taipei, Taiwan.,The Genomics Research Centre, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Genome and Systems Biology Degree Programme, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Life Science, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Chen Chen
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Optometry, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Huang PH, Shih BF, Tsai YF, Chung PCH, Liu FC, Yu HP, Lee WC, Chang CJ, Lin CC. Accuracy and Trending of Continuous Noninvasive Hemoglobin Monitoring in Patients Undergoing Liver Transplantation. Transplant Proc 2017; 48:1067-70. [PMID: 27320558 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2015.12.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Shift in large fluid volumes and massive blood loss during liver transplantation frequently leads to rapid changes in hemoglobin (Hb) concentration; thus, to ensure adequate tissue oxygenation, accurate and rapid determination of Hb concentration is essential in transplant recipients. The Radical-7 Pulse CO-Oximeter provides a noninvasive and continuous way to monitor Hb concentration (SpHb) in real time and is an ideal candidate for use during liver transplantation. In this study, we assessed the relationship between SpHb and total Hb (tHb) obtained from arterial blood samples during surgery. METHODS Forty patients undergoing liver transplantation were enrolled in this study. tHb and time-matched SpHb were measured at 5 different phases throughout surgery. Paired SpHb and tHb levels were assessed using linear regression, Bland-Altman analysis, and the Critchley polar plot method. RESULTS A total of 161 paired measurements with sufficient signal quality were analyzed. The correlation between SpHb and tHb was 0.59 (P < .001). Bland-Altman analysis revealed that a bias between SpHb and tHb was 2.28 g/dL, and limits of agreement (LoA) were from -0.78 to 5.34 g/dL. Trending analysis showed that 87% of data were located within the acceptable trending area, indicating that the trending ability was not satisfied. CONCLUSIONS The Radical-7 Pulse CO-Oximeter was not sufficient to monitor Hb levels and trends during liver transplantation surgery in our cohort. In particular, in critical patients and in those with low Hb levels, invasive Hb measurement should be used for assessment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P H Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Guishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - B F Shih
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Guishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Y-F Tsai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Guishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Guishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - P C H Chung
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Guishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Guishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - F C Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Guishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Guishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - H P Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Guishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Guishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - W C Lee
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Guishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of General Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Guishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - C J Chang
- Clinical Informatics and Medical Statistics Research Center, Chang Gung University, Guishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Biostatistical Center for Clinical Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Guishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - C C Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Guishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Guishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Liou CW, Chuang JH, Chen JB, Tiao MM, Wang PW, Huang ST, Huang TL, Lee WC, Weng SW, Huang PH, Chen SD, Chen RS, Lu CS, Lin TK. Mitochondrial DNA variants as genetic risk factors for Parkinson disease. Eur J Neurol 2016; 23:1289-300. [PMID: 27160373 DOI: 10.1111/ene.13020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2015] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Investigation of the relationship between mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variants and Parkinson disease (PD) remains an issue awaiting more supportive evidence. Moreover, an affirming cellular model study is also lacking. METHODS The index mtDNA variants and their defining mitochondrial haplogroup were determined in 725 PD patients and 744 non-PD controls. Full-length mtDNA sequences were also conducted in 110 cases harboring various haplogroups. Cybrid cellular models, composed by fusion of mitochondria-depleted rho-zero cells and donor mitochondria, were used for a rotenone-induced PD simulation study. RESULTS Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that subjects harboring the mitochondrial haplogroup B5 have resistance against PD (odds ratio 0.50, 95% confidence interval 0.32-0.78; P = 0.002). Furthermore, a composite mtDNA variant group consisting of A10398G and G8584A at the coding region was found to have resistance against PD (odds ratio 0.50, 95% confidence interval 0.33-0.78; P = 0.001). In cellular studies, B4 and B5 cybrids were selected according to their higher resistance to rotenone, in comparison with cybrids harboring other haplogroups. The B5 cybrid, containing G8584A/A10398G variants, showed more resistance to rotenone than the B4 cybrid not harboring these variants. This is supported by findings of low reactive oxygen species generation and a low apoptosis rate in the B5 cybrid, whereas a higher expression of autophagy was observed in the B4 cybrid particularly under medium dosage and longer treatment time with rotenone. CONCLUSIONS Our studies, offering positive results from clinical investigations and cybrid experiments, provide data supporting the role of variant mtDNA in the risk of PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C W Liou
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. .,Mitochondrial Research Unit, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - J H Chuang
- Department of Pediatrics Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - J B Chen
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - M M Tiao
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - P W Wang
- Division of Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - S T Huang
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - T L Huang
- Department of Psychiatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - W C Lee
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - S W Weng
- Division of Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - P H Huang
- Mitochondrial Research Unit, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - S D Chen
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - R S Chen
- Section of Movement Disorder, Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - C S Lu
- Section of Movement Disorder, Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - T K Lin
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Mitochondrial Research Unit, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Noujaim J, Payne LS, Judson I, Jones RL, Huang PH. Phosphoproteomics in translational research: a sarcoma perspective. Ann Oncol 2016; 27:787-94. [PMID: 26802162 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdw030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Phosphoproteomics has been extensively used as a preclinical research tool to characterize the phosphorylated components of the cancer proteome. Advances in the field have yielded insights into new drug targets, mechanisms of disease progression and drug resistance, and biomarker discovery. However, application of this technology to clinical research has been challenging because of practical issues relating to specimen integrity and tumour heterogeneity. Beyond these limitations, phosphoproteomics has the potential to play a pivotal role in translational studies and contribute to advances in different tumour groups, including rare disease sites like sarcoma. In this review, we propose that deploying phosphoproteomic technologies in translational research may facilitate the identification of better defined predictive biomarkers for patient stratification, inform drug selection in umbrella trials and identify new combinations to overcome drug resistance. We provide an overview of current phosphoproteomic technologies, such as affinity-based assays and mass spectrometry-based approaches, and discuss their advantages and limitations. We use sarcoma as an example to illustrate the current challenges in evaluating targeted kinase therapies in clinical trials. We then highlight useful lessons from preclinical studies in sarcoma biology to demonstrate how phosphoproteomics may address some of these challenges. Finally, we conclude by offering a perspective and list the key measures required to translate and benchmark a largely preclinical technology into a useful tool for translational research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Noujaim
- Sarcoma Unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - L S Payne
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - I Judson
- Sarcoma Unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK Division of Clinical Studies
| | - R L Jones
- Sarcoma Unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK Division of Clinical Studies
| | - P H Huang
- Division of Cancer Biology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Chu CY, Lee CH, Shih IH, Chen HC, Huang PH, Yang CY, Wang WJ, Chen YJ, Sheu HM, Wang WM, Lee WR, Lo YH, Dai YS, Wang LF, Tsai TF, Yang CH. Taiwanese Dermatological Association consensus for the management of atopic dermatitis. DERMATOL SIN 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dsi.2015.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
|
26
|
Huang PH, Chen NC, Ho TY, Chen CL. Persistent Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia. Intern Med 2015; 54:541-2. [PMID: 25758088 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.54.3487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Po-Han Huang
- Division of Nephrology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Kawade RK, Huang PH, Karad SN, Liu RS. Gold-catalyzed annulations of allenes with N-hydroxyanilines to form indole derivatives with benzaldehyde as a promoter. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:737-40. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ob42131g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
28
|
Chen HC, Chang HT, Huang PH, Chang MDT, Liu RS, Lin YJ, Hsieh CH. Molecular imaging of heparan sulfate expression with radiolabeled recombinant eosinophil cationic protein predicts allergic lung inflammation in a mouse model for asthma. J Nucl Med 2013; 54:793-800. [PMID: 23520217 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.112.111393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) are glycoproteins consisting of a core protein to which linear heparan sulfate (HS) side chains are covalently attached. These HS side chains mediate a variety of biologic functions involved in inflammation. Radionuclide imaging of HS side chains in tissues with inflammation may be used for the stratification of patients who would most likely benefit from HSPG-targeting therapy. The goal of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of in vivo radionuclide imaging of HS side chain expression in a mouse model of asthma using the recombinant eosinophil cationic protein (rECP). METHODS rECP was radioiodinated with (125)I or (123)I using the Chloramine-T method. The 50% inhibitory concentration value for (125)I-labeled rECP was determined in a competitive cell-binding assay using Beas-2B cells. The binding of radiolabeled rECP to HS side chains was evaluated both in vitro and in vivo. The biodistribution of radiolabeled rECP was assessed in asthma mice or in control mice using SPECT imaging, ex vivo biodistribution measurements, and microautoradiography. RESULTS The 50% inhibitory concentration value for (125)I-rECP was 7.4 ± 0.1 nM. The loss of HS side chains substantially inhibited the cellular and tissue uptake of (125)I- or (123)I-rECP, indicating that HS side chains of HSPGs are required for (125)I- or (123)I-eosinophil cationic protein binding and uptake both in vitro and in vivo. SPECT imaging demonstrated an appreciably higher accumulation of radioactivity in the lungs of asthma mice than in those of control mice. Ex vivo biodistribution studies also confirmed that there was at least a 4-fold increase in the lung-to-muscle ratio of asthma mice, compared with control mice. The accumulation of radiolabeled rECP was linearly correlated with leukocyte infiltration. CONCLUSION This study illustrates the feasibility of using radiolabeled rECP for the visualization of HS side chains of HSPGs and the evaluation of allergic lung inflammation in living subjects. Our data indicate that radiolabeled rECP is a novel imaging agent for HS side chains of HSPGs in predicting allergic lung inflammation in living mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Chen Chen
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Wong JM, Huang PH, Wei SC. Education and imaging: Gastrointestinal: Herpes vasculitis in an ulcerative colitis patient. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2013; 28:586. [PMID: 23565551 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.12093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J M Wong
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Huang PH, Chen JH, Chen HC. A Bovine Whey Protein Extract Can Inhibit TH2 Cell Function and Show the Potential to Alleviate Asthma Symptoms in a Murine Asthma Model (175.6). The Journal of Immunology 2012. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.188.supp.175.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Asthma patients have dramatically increased in the past decades and cost of care is more than 11.3 billion per year. The use of steroid is the major treatment to control symptoms; however the side effects are often devastating. Seeking new drugs or new strategies in reducing the dose of steroid taken has always been an important task. A whey protein extract (WPE) from bovine that is enriched in growth factor TGF-β has been demonstrated with potential for reducing symptoms associated with mild-to moderate TH1 mediated psoriasis in human. However whether WPE also has potential for inhibiting TH2 mediated disease is still unclear. In this paper, using a murine asthma model, we have identified that daily feeding the sensitized mice with WPE before challenge was able to reduce airway inflammation, serum OVA-specific IgE and airway hyperresponsiveness. In the presence WPE, an increased in regulatory T cell population in vitro and in vivo were observed. Moreover, the production of IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13 and the expression of TH2 master transcription factor GATA3 by stimulated TH2 cells were reduced when TH2 cells were cultured with WPE. Using TGF-β blocking antibody, we further identified that TGF-β is the main component in the WPE that exert the inhibitory effect. Thus, our data suggested that WPE has a potential to alleviate the symptoms of asthma by regulating TH2 cell functions. Therefore, taking WPE regularly might be potentially beneficial for asthma patient
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Po-Han Huang
- 1Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jiunn-Horng Chen
- 2Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- 3School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Chen Chen
- 1Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Rajkumar R, Karthikeyan K, Archunan G, Huang PH, Chen YW, Ng WV, Liao CC. Using mass spectrometry to detect buffalo salivary odorant-binding protein and its post-translational modifications. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2010; 24:3248-3254. [PMID: 20972998 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.4766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A large number of mammalian odorant-binding proteins, which are lipocalins, have been studied. These proteins participate in peri-receptor events by selecting and carrying odorant molecules. The present study aimed at identifying the buffalo salivary odorant-binding protein (sOBP), and to determine its post-translational modification using mass spectrometry. The buffalo salivary 21 kDa protein was initially separated adopting sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and it was identified as sOBP with high statistical reliability using liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) and SEQUEST, for the first time. Further, the post-translationally modified peptides were screened adopting MS/MS. A total of four post-translational modifications, namely glycation at lysine-(59), hydroxylation at lysine-(134), ubiquitination at lysine-(121), and dihydroxylation in lysine-(108), were recorded. Moreover, these modifications have not been identified in buffalo salivary odorant-binding protein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Rajkumar
- Center for Pheromone Technology, Department of Animal Science, Bharathidasan University, Trichirappalli 620 024, Tamilnadu, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Lin SH, Ho JC, Cheng YW, Huang PH, Wang CY. Prurigo pigmentosa: a clinical and histopathologic study of 11 cases. Chang Gung Med J 2010; 33:157-163. [PMID: 20438668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prurigo pigmentosa is a rare inflammatory dermatosis of unknown etiology. It is characterized by a recurrent pruritic rash and net like pigmentation. Most of the reported cases have been from Japan; however, here we report on several cases from Taiwan. METHODS This was a single hospital-based retrospective study conducted in a tertiary medical center in Southern Taiwan, recruiting 14 patients with a clinical diagnosis of prurigo pigmentosa between January 1, 2000 and December 31, 2007. Clinical information was collected and reviewed, and skin biopsies were performed for all cases. RESULTS Of the 14 cases, 11 exhibited clinical and histopathological correlation with prurigo pigmentosa and were enrolled in our study. The age of the patients at diagnosis ranged from 16 to 30 years (mean, 22.3) with female predominance (female: male ratio, 8:3). Patient lesions were primarily distributed symmetrically over the chest and back area and they responded well to doxycycline treatment. The biopsy specimens of all patients showed nonspecific lymphocytic infiltration; folliculitis was noted in 7 specimens and both superficial and deep perivascular lymphocytic infiltration was found in 8 specimens. CONCLUSION Although far more prevalent in Japan, prurigo pigmentosa can be seen in Taiwan. In our study, patients were predominantly young females who had been initially diagnosed as having eczema. Therefore, young females who present with intractable eczema distributed symmetrically over the trunk should prompt physicians to consider prurigo pigmentosa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shang-Hong Lin
- Department of Dermatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
|
34
|
Huang PH, Liao YH, Wei CC, Tseng YH, Ho JC, Tsai TF. Clinical effectiveness and safety experience with alefacept in the treatment of patients with moderate-to-severe chronic plaque psoriasis in Taiwan: results of an open-label, single-arm, multicentre pilot study. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2008; 22:923-30. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2007.02575.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
35
|
Chen YY, Huang PH, Ou MN, Wang CR, Yao YD, Lee TK, Ho MY, Lawrence JM, Booth CH. Kondo interactions and magnetic correlations in CePt2 nanocrystals. Phys Rev Lett 2007; 98:157206. [PMID: 17501380 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.98.157206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2006] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The evolution of the Kondo effect and antiferromagnetic (AF) correlations with size reduction in CePt2 nanoparticles (3.1-26 nm) is studied by analysis of the temperature-dependent specific heat and magnetic susceptibility. The AF correlations diminish with size reduction. The Kondo effect predominates at small particle size with trivalent, small Kondo temperature (TK) magnetic regions coexisting with strongly mixed-valent, large TK nonmagnetic regions. We discuss the role of structural disorder, background density of states and the electronic quantum size effect on the results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Y Chen
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Han SW, Booth CH, Bauer ED, Huang PH, Chen YY, Lawrence JM. Lattice disorder and size-induced kondo behavior in CeAl2 and CePt(2+x). Phys Rev Lett 2006; 97:097204. [PMID: 17026397 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.97.097204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2006] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
When the size of CeAl2 and CePt(2+x) particles is reduced to the nanometer scale, antiferromagnetism is suppressed and Kondo behavior predominates, with the Kondo temperature T(K) either decreasing (CeAl2) or increasing (CePt(2+x)) relative to the bulk. Local structure measurements show that these nanoparticles are significantly distorted. While such distortions should strongly affect magnetic and electronic properties, we find they cannot explain the observed changes in T(K). Other size-induced changes to the electronic structure must, therefore, play a significant role.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S-W Han
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Wang CY, Huang PH, Cheng YW, Ho JC, Chen WC. Leprosy in the Department of Dermatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Kaohsiung from 1988 to 2004: a clinical and histopathologic study of 13 cases. Chang Gung Med J 2005; 28:716-23. [PMID: 16382756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leprosy has long been in Taiwan, but it has never been eradicated. Incidental cases are easily overlooked nowadays because most younger dermatologists are unfamiliar with this disease. METHODS We review and analyze 13 cases diagnosed as leprosy at the Department of Dermatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Kaohsiung from 1988 to 2004, all of which were histopathologically proven. RESULTS The ages of the 13 recruited patients ranged from 31 to 73 (mean, 58.6) years, without a gender preference (male: female, 7:6). Two male patients were under 40 years old; one was a foreign worker from Thailand and the other was a local person in Penghu working as the chief officer on a fishing boat. The most-common clinical subtype was lepromatous leprosy (5/13), followed by borderline lepromatous leprosy, borderline tuberculoid leprosy, and tuberculoid leprosy (each 2/13), and then borderline leprosy and indeterminate leprosy (each 1/13). The initial clinical impression before the histopathological diagnosis included granuloma annulare, generalized eczema, lymphoma, syphilis, papular urticaria, cutaneous tuberculous infection, Sweet's syndrome, erythema annulare centrifugum, and hematoma. Most of these patients only received irregular treatment after the diagnosis was made and were soon lost to follow-up. CONCLUSIONS With increasing numbers of foreign workers and immigrants living in Taiwan in recent years, leprosy seems to have become a challenging diagnosis for younger dermatologists. Dermatologists should keep this ancient disease in mind and not overlook it. Because of the necessity of prolonged medication, complete treatment and long-term follow-up of leprosy cases will remain a major problem in public health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Yu Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Hung CH, Kuo HW, Chiu YK, Huang PH. Intravascular pyogenic granuloma arising in an acquired arteriovenous malformation: report of a case and review of the literature. Dermatol Surg 2004; 30:1050-3. [PMID: 15209800 DOI: 10.1111/j.1524-4725.2004.30316.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pyogenic granuloma, also known as lobular capillary hemangioma, is a benign vascular skin tumor. Intravascular variant of this vascular tumor is rare and such a variant arising in another hemangioma is extremely unusual. OBJECTIVE The objective was to present a patient with an intravascular pyogenic granuloma arising in an acquired arteriovenous malformation of the palm. METHODS We report a case and review the literature. RESULT A 44-year-old woman presented with an easy-bleeding and ulcerative nodule with a hyperkeratotic collaret on her right palm for 3-4 months. The nodule measured 6 x 6 mm in size and was tender. Under the clinical impression of pyogenic granuloma, the lesion was totally excised and the microscopic examination revealed an intravascular pyogenic granuloma in the papillary dermis with an underlying arteriovenous malformation. CONCLUSION A rare composite vascular tumor is reported, and our case presented as a red eroded nodule surrounded by a keratotic collaret, which was easily misdiagnosed as pyogenic granuloma clinically. We suggest that any pyogenic granuloma-like lesion should be palpated carefully, and if a nodule is present, surgical excision rather than cryotherapy or laser ablation should be considered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hui Hung
- Department of Dermatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND Papular-purpuric gloves and socks syndrome (PPGSS) occurs mostly in adults and has been shown to be related to several possible viral infections. However, childhood-onset PPGSS seems to be not so rare as previously thought in our clinical experience. OBJECTIVES To survey the general characteristics of childhood-onset PPGSS and to determine the possible association between this juvenile variant of PPGSS and various viral infections. PATIENTS AND METHODS Thirty-three children with erythematopurpuric papular eruptions on the hands and/or feet were enrolled. Detailed history-taking and physical examination were performed on all of them. Blood samples were obtained from 25 patients about 1-5 weeks after the appearance of cutaneous eruptions to check complete blood counts, differential white blood cell counts, and IgM and IgG antibodies to parvovirus B19, cytomegalovirus (CMV), viral capsid antigen of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and measles. RESULTS The median age of these 33 patients was 23 months. The mean duration of the skin eruption was 4.8 weeks (SD 2.7, 95% CI 3.9-5.0). Lymphocytosis was present in 13 patients (52%) while mild eosinophilia occurred in only three patients (12%). Five patients (20%) were positive for IgM antibodies against CMV and seven (28%) were positive for IgM antibodies against EBV. Only one patient (4%) was detected to have IgM antibodies against parvovirus B19. CONCLUSIONS Childhood-onset PPGSS shows somewhat different clinical features from the adult type. It may represent a nonspecific manifestation of several viral infections, including CMV, EBV and parvovirus B19 infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Y Hsieh
- Department of Dermatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung, 123, Tai-Pei Rd, Niao-sung, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Huang PH. Herd behavior in designer genes. Wake Forest Law Rev 2003; 34:639-69. [PMID: 12664907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
The ability of individuals to choose their children's genes has increased over time and may ultimately culminate in a world involving free market reprogenetic technologies. Reprogenetic technologies combine advances in reproductive biology and genetics to provide humans increased control over their children's genes. This Article offers economic perspectives that are helpful in understanding the possibly unexpected ethical, legal, and social issues at stake in using reprogenetic technologies for trait enhancement selection. The Appendix analyzes two competitive games that might arise in such a biotechnological society. Specifically, the Article focuses on herd behavior, caused by either a popularity contest or positional competition, in the choice of genetic traits. The analytical game-theoretic models in the Appendix can have several equilibrium outcomes in terms of individual reprogenetic technological choices and corresponding beliefs about such choices by others. This multiplicity of potential social outcomes suggests that a society can attain efficiency if the state or some private organization transforms individual parents' beliefs over the choices of other parents regarding their children's traits and, thus, coordinates parental reprogenetic decisions by selecting, as focal, certain beliefs over parents' reprogenetic decisions.
Collapse
|
41
|
Hsieh CH, Kuo YR, Huang PH, Jeng SF. Free anterolateral thigh perforator flap for reconstruction of dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa-associated squamous cell carcinoma in the foot: case report. Ann Plast Surg 2003; 50:201-3. [PMID: 12567061 DOI: 10.1097/01.sap.0000024756.89325.9d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The authors present a patient with dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa-associated squamous cell carcinoma in the foot. The patient underwent successful reconstruction with a free anterolateral thigh flap based on a perforator with minimal donor site morbidity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Hua Hsieh
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Kaohsiung, 123 Ta-Pei Road, Niao-Sung Hsiang, Kaohsiung Hsien, Taiwan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Huang HY, Ho CC, Huang PH, Hsu SM. Co-expression of VEGF-C and its receptors, VEGFR-2 and VEGFR-3, in endothelial cells of lymphangioma. Implication in autocrine or paracrine regulation of lymphangioma. J Transl Med 2001; 81:1729-34. [PMID: 11742043 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.3780386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymphangioma has long been thought of as congenital malformations resulting from the failure of lymphatic vessels communicating with the venous system in the fetal period. Alternatively, it is proposed to be true neoplasm originated from the transformation of lymphatic endothelia. To extend the molecular basis of the pathogenesis of lymphangioma, we have characterized the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and VEGF receptors (VEGFR) in 29 cases of lymphangioma by RNA in situ hybridization. Endothelial cells of lymphangioma co-express transcripts of VEGF-C and its receptors VEGFR-3 (Flt4) and VEGFR-2 (Flk1), which are not detectable in the adjacent connective tissue. In contrast, there is little or no expression of VEGF-C, VEGFR-3, and VEGFR-2 mRNA in endothelial cells of hemangiomas, angiosarcomas, or normal lymphatic vessels of the small or large intestines. The results suggest that VEGF-C and its receptors may take active parts in the formation of lymphangioma by autocrine or paracrine regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Y Huang
- Department of Pathology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Abstract
The full-length sigmaA-encoding gene nucleotide sequences (1251 bp) of ten avian reovirus (ARV) field-isolates and three vaccine strains were determined and analyzed to study the degree of genetic divergence and evolution. Strains were isolated over a 23-year period from different hosts, pathotypes, and geographic locations. A phylogenetic tree constructed from variation in the sigmaA nucleotide sequences among ARV isolates showed that Taiwanese isolates from different dates of isolation were grouped into two distant groups, indicating that they have evolved in nature. In paired identity analysis, there was over 97.3% nucleotide sequence identity in the sigmaA-encoding genes between group I Taiwanese isolates (T6, 750505, 919, and 918) and Japanese isolate OS161 as well as three US vaccine strains, suggesting that they might have descended from a common ancestor. However, the nucleotide sequences of these sigmaA-encoding genes varied extensively from those of group II Taiwanese isolates (601SI, R2/TW, 1017-1, 916, and 601G), displaying only 86% identity. These results revealed that the genetic diversity in the sigmaA-encoding gene of ARV correlated with the date of isolation and geographic locations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H J Liu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan, ROC.
| | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Tsai PY, Cha RC, Yang TF, Wong TT, Huang PH, Pan PJ. Electromyographic evaluation in children with spina bifida. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi (Taipei) 2001; 64:509-15. [PMID: 11768280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is controversial to predict ambulation potential using neurological level or specific pattern of muscle strength in patients with spina bifida. We attempted to analyze the relationship between the mobility outcome and its influencing factors utilizing electromyography to study motor unit activity in lower limbs. A subsidiary aim was to evaluate the external anal sphincter with electromyography and to determine the relevant factors of bowel and bladder functions. METHODS Among 156 patients with spina bifida who had received electromyographic examination and were followed at the out-patient clinic between 1998 and 2000, functional assessment with Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (PEDI) was applied in 47 randomly selected patients. Other assessments included clinical neurological examination, bowel and bladder function survey, and ambulation evaluation. We correlated the parameters of electromyography with the ambulatory ability and PEDI scores. The innervation of external sphincter was compared between groups with or without neurogenic bowel or bladder dysfunction. RESULTS The innervations of hip adductor and quadriceps were found to correlate with walking ability (p < 0.01); above muscles as well as anterior tibialis, and gastrocnemius were related to PEDI scores (p < 0.01). The neurological level still manifested correlation with walking ability (p < 0.05) and PEDI scores (p < 0.01). Both denervation potentials and recruitment pattern were important parameters for ambulation and mobility prediction. Significant difference was obtained in denervation patentials of sphincter within bowel groups (p = 0.036) and bladder groups (p = 0.016). CONCLUSIONS Both traditional neurological level and specific muscle innervation exert crucial influence on walking and mobility functions. Electromyographic assessment demonstrates its contribution in prediction of functional outcome in spina bifida.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Y Tsai
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan, ROC
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Abstract
The very virulent infectious bursal disease virus (vv IBDV) RNA in the bursa of Fabricius and spleen from experimentally infected chickens or field samples was detected by in situ hybridisation (ISH) with subsequent reverse transcription (RT)-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequence analysis. The VP 2 gene of vv IBDV was detected by ISH in infected chicken tissues with a cloned digoxigenin (DIG)-labelled cDNA probe. To verify ISH, RT - PCR was used to amplify two 643- and 500-base pair fragments on the VP 2 gene of IBDV in the bursa of Fabricius. With all isolates, two c DNA fragments of 643 and 500 bp long, respectively, were generated as expected and further confirmed the specificity of ISH. Analysis of the hypervariable region (HVR) of the VP 2 gene revealed that a serine-rich heptapeptide SWSASGS located at amino acids 326-332 was conserved in recent Taiwanese strains, and two amino acid substitutions were found in the classical Taiwanese strains at positions 330M and 331W. Three amino acids were unique to the vv strains at positions 222A, 256I and 294I, compared with classical and variant strains. Sequence and phylogenetic analysis showed that the recent Taiwanese strains were closely related, very similar to vv IBDV s from Europe, China, Japan, and Africa, and distantly related to the Taiwanese classical strains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H J Liu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan, ROC.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Abstract
The heterotrimeric GTP-binding regulatory proteins (G proteins) play an important role in the regulation of membrane signal transduction. Recently, we identified the association of Go protein with mitotic spindles. Here we have investigated the relationship between Go protein and microtubules. We used temperature-dependent reversible assembly and taxol methods to purify microtubules from bovine brains. Goalpha and Gbeta proteins were identified in the microtubular fraction by both methods. The Goalpha subunit in the microtubular fraction could be ADP ribosylated by pertussis toxin. Co-immunoprecipitation data also revealed that Go protein can interact with microtubules. Exogenous Go protein could be incorporated into the assembled microtubular fraction, and 5 microg/ml (60 nM) of Go protein inhibited 40% of microtubule assembly. Western blot analysis of Goalpha-1 and Goalpha-2 in microtubular fractions showed that only Goalpha-1 is associated with microtubules. We conclude that the Goalpha-1betagamma proteins are associated with microtubules and may play some role in regulating the assembly and disassembly of microtubules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H C Wu
- Institute of Pathology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Wu HC, Huang PH, Chiu CY, Lin CT. G protein beta2 subunit antisense oligonucleotides inhibit cell proliferation and disorganize microtubule and mitotic spindle organization. J Cell Biochem 2001; 83:136-46. [PMID: 11500962 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.1210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The association of G protein beta2 subunit (Gbeta2) with mitotic spindles in various mammalian cells has been demonstrated previously. Recently, we have identified the association of Gbeta2 protein with microtubules (Wu et al., [1998] J. Cell. Biochem. 70: 552-562). In the present experiment we have demonstrated the possible functional role of Gbeta2 in microtubule and mitotic spindle organization in mammalian cells. When Gbeta2 antisense phosphorothioate oligonucleotides were transfected into mammalian cells, inhibition of cell proliferation with cell death after a 4-day treatment was observed. If the transfected cells were incubated for two days and their Gbeta2 and microtubules were examined by Western blotting and immunofluorescence localization, marked reduction of the Gbeta2 protein, fragmentation and disassembly of cytoplasmic microtubules, and disorganized mitotic spindles were found. We conclude that the Gbeta2 protein is closely associated with microtubule assembly and may play a potential role in the regulation of cell proliferation and microtubule and mitotic spindle organization in mammalian cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H C Wu
- Institute of Pathology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Lin CY, Huang PH, Liao WL, Cheng HJ, Huang CF, Kuo JC, Patton WA, Massenburg D, Moss J, Lee FJ. ARL4, an ARF-like protein that is developmentally regulated and localized to nuclei and nucleoli. J Biol Chem 2000; 275:37815-23. [PMID: 10980193 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m002470200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
ADP-ribosylation factors (ARFs) are highly conserved approximately 20-kDa guanine nucleotide-binding proteins that participate in both exocytic and endocytic vesicular transport pathways via mechanisms that are only partially understood. Although several ARF-like proteins (ARLs) are known, their biological functions remain unclear. To characterize its molecular properties, we cloned mouse and human ARL4 (mARL4 and hARL4) cDNA. The appearance of mouse ARL4 mRNA during embryonic development coincided temporally with the sequential formation of somites and the establishment of brain compartmentation. Using ARL4-specific antibody for immunofluorescence microscopy, we observed that endogenous mARL4 in cultured Sertoli and neuroblastoma cells was mainly concentrated in nuclei. When expressed in COS7 cells, ARL4-T34N mutant, predicted to exist with GDP bound, was concentrated in nucleoli. Yeast two-hybrid screening and in vitro protein-interaction assays showed that hARL4 interacted with importin-alpha through its C-terminal NLS region and that the interaction was not nucleotide-dependent. Like ARL2 and -3, recombinant hARL4 did not enhance cholera toxin-catalyzed auto-ADP-ribosylation. Its binding of guanosine 5'-O-(thiotriphosphate) was modified by phospholipid and detergent, and the N terminus of hARL4, like that of ARF, was myristoylated. Our findings suggest that ARL4, with its distinctive nuclear/nucleolar localization and pattern of developmental expression, may play a unique role(s) in neurogenesis and somitogenesis during embryonic development and in the early stages of spermatogenesis in adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Y Lin
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Institute of Pathology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Yu IS, Chen HJ, Lee YS, Huang PH, Lin SR, Tsai TW, Lin SW. Mice deficient in hepsin, a serine protease, exhibit normal embryogenesis and unchanged hepatocyte regeneration ability. Thromb Haemost 2000; 84:865-70. [PMID: 11127869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Hepsin, a liver-enriched novel serine protease, has been implicated in participating with normal cell growth, embryogenesis, and blood coagulation pathway. To study its function in vivo, we have disrupted the mouse hepsin gene by homologous recombination. Targeted disruption of the hepsin gene and ablation of hepsin message were demonstrated by Southern blotting, Northern blotting and RT-PCR analysis. Homozygous hepsin -/- mice were viable, fertile, and exhibited no gross abnormalities, as judged by the size, weight and blood coagulation (PT) assays. However, the serum concentration of the bone form of alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase of the hepsin -/- mice was mildly elevated, in spite of no obvious pathological change of hepatocytes. To examine whether hepsin is involved in controlling cell growth in adult tissues, 70% hepatectomy was applied to the hepsin -/- mice. Liver regeneration proceeded normally in the hepsin -/- mice as judged by the liver mass restoration rate. These results suggest that loss of hepsin function causes no effect in cell growth and embryogenesis in vivo, which is in contradiction to the studies using in vitro cell culturing system. Moreover, gross mass regeneration of liver after damage proceeds normally in the absence of functional hepsin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I S Yu
- Graduate Institute of Medical Technology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Lin SR, Yu IS, Huang PH, Tsai CW, Lin SW. Chimaeric mice with disruption of the gene coding for phosphatidylinositol glycan class A (Pig-a) were defective in embryogenesis and spermatogenesis. Br J Haematol 2000; 110:682-93. [PMID: 10997981 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2141.2000.02209.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the gene encoding PIG-A (phosphatidylinositol glycan class A) are found in patients with paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria (PNH), an acquired haematopoietic stem cell disorder. Individuals with hereditary PIG-A mutations have never been identified, which is also manifested by the difficulties in generating Pig-a knockout (KO) mice. This study investigated the effect of Pig-a mutations on the development of visceral and genital organs in addition to the haematopoietic system by the generation of Pig-a KO chimaeric mice. Of a total of 54 live births out of 1684 blastocysts injected, chimaerism for Pig-a knockout was detected in 29 mice, suggesting the importance of Pig-a in embryogenesis and in live birth. Quantification of the degree of chimaerism in different organs of the surviving chimaeric mice revealed extremely low levels of Pig-a KO cells in the liver and spleen. In contrast, high levels of KO signals were usually detected in the brain, heart, lung and kidney. Haematopoiesis proceeded normally in these chimaeric mice (as measured by 'complete blood cell counting') and the Pig-a KO cells were present at low levels in red blood cells and B lymphocytes but at high levels in T lymphocytes, although these KO cells did not gain any growth advantage. The effect of Pig-a knockout was also prominent in the reproductive system, another organ with high mitotic activity. Breeding the male chimaeras revealed a high rate of infertility and abnormality in the male genital organs, including abnormally shaped testes, epididymis and seminal vesicles. Even in the absence of gross abnormalities of the genital organs, low counts of motile sperm were also discernible. Pig-a KO sperm was detected in these organs; however, no transmission of the KO allele was observed. The results suggest a possible mechanism underlying the non-transmission of the Pig-a KO gene in germlines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S R Lin
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Graduate Institute of Medical Technology, Department of Pathology, and Laboratory of Animal Centre, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|