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Hai Y, Ren K, Zhang Y, Yang L, Cao H, Yuan X, Su L, Li H, Feng X, Liu D. HIF-1α serves as a co-linker between AD and T2DM. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 171:116158. [PMID: 38242039 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD)-related brain deterioration is linked to the type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) features hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, and insulin resistance. Hypoxia as a common risk factor for both AD and T2DM. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) acts as the main regulator of the hypoxia response and may be a key target in the comorbidity of AD and T2DM. HIF-1α expression is closely related to hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and inflammation. Tissue oxygen consumption disrupts HIF-1α homeostasis, leading to increased reactive oxygen species levels and the inhibition of insulin receptor pathway activity, causing neuroinflammation, insulin resistance, abnormal Aβ deposition, and tau hyperphosphorylation. HIF-1α activation also leads to the deposition of Aβ by promoting the abnormal shearing of amyloid precursor protein and inhibiting the degradation of Aβ, and it promotes tau hyperphosphorylation by activating oxidative stress and the activation of astrocytes, which further exasperates AD. Therefore, we believe that HIF-α has great potential as a target for the treatment of AD. Importantly, the intracellular homeostasis of HIF-1α is a more crucial factor than its expression level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Hai
- Scientific Research and Experimental Center, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, PR China; Key Laboratory of Dunhuang Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, PR China.
| | - Ke Ren
- School of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, PR China
| | - Yarong Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, PR China
| | - Lili Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, PR China
| | - Haoshi Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, PR China
| | - Xianxia Yuan
- School of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, PR China
| | - Linling Su
- School of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, PR China
| | - Hailong Li
- The First Clinical Medical College, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, PR China
| | - Xiaoli Feng
- Scientific Research and Experimental Center, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, PR China; Key Laboratory of Dunhuang Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, PR China
| | - Dongling Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, PR China; Northwest Collaborative Innovation Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, PR China; Gansu Pharmaceutical Industry Innovation Research Institute, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, PR China.
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2
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Kinsella S, Evandy CA, Cooper K, Cardinale A, Iovino L, deRoos P, Hopwo KS, Smith CW, Granadier D, Sullivan LB, Velardi E, Dudakov JA. Damage-induced pyroptosis drives endog thymic regeneration via induction of Foxn1 by purinergic receptor activation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.19.524800. [PMID: 36711570 PMCID: PMC9882324 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.19.524800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Endogenous thymic regeneration is a crucial process that allows for the renewal of immune competence following stress, infection or cytoreductive conditioning. Fully understanding the molecular mechanisms driving regeneration will uncover therapeutic targets to enhance regeneration. We previously demonstrated that high levels of homeostatic apoptosis suppress regeneration and that a reduction in the presence of damage-induced apoptotic thymocytes facilitates regeneration. Here we identified that cell-specific metabolic remodeling after ionizing radiation steers thymocytes towards mitochondrial-driven pyroptotic cell death. We further identified that a key damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP), ATP, stimulates the cell surface purinergic receptor P2Y2 on cortical thymic epithelial cells (cTECs) acutely after damage, enhancing expression of Foxn1, the critical thymic transcription factor. Targeting the P2Y2 receptor with the agonist UTPγS promotes rapid regeneration of the thymus in vivo following acute damage. Together these data demonstrate that intrinsic metabolic regulation of pyruvate processing is a critical process driving thymus repair and identifies the P2Y2 receptor as a novel molecular therapeutic target to enhance thymus regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinéad Kinsella
- Program in Immunology, Division of Translational Science and Therapeutics, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle WA, 98109, US
- Immunotherapy Integrated Research Center, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle WA, 98109, US
| | - Cindy A Evandy
- Program in Immunology, Division of Translational Science and Therapeutics, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle WA, 98109, US
- Immunotherapy Integrated Research Center, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle WA, 98109, US
| | - Kirsten Cooper
- Program in Immunology, Division of Translational Science and Therapeutics, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle WA, 98109, US
- Immunotherapy Integrated Research Center, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle WA, 98109, US
| | - Antonella Cardinale
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, 00146, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Iovino
- Program in Immunology, Division of Translational Science and Therapeutics, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle WA, 98109, US
- Immunotherapy Integrated Research Center, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle WA, 98109, US
| | - Paul deRoos
- Program in Immunology, Division of Translational Science and Therapeutics, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle WA, 98109, US
- Immunotherapy Integrated Research Center, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle WA, 98109, US
| | - Kayla S Hopwo
- Program in Immunology, Division of Translational Science and Therapeutics, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle WA, 98109, US
- Immunotherapy Integrated Research Center, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle WA, 98109, US
| | - Colton W Smith
- Program in Immunology, Division of Translational Science and Therapeutics, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle WA, 98109, US
- Immunotherapy Integrated Research Center, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle WA, 98109, US
| | - David Granadier
- Program in Immunology, Division of Translational Science and Therapeutics, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle WA, 98109, US
- Immunotherapy Integrated Research Center, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle WA, 98109, US
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Washington, Seattle WA, 98195, US
| | - Lucas B Sullivan
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle WA, 98109, US
| | - Enrico Velardi
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, 00146, Italy
| | - Jarrod A Dudakov
- Program in Immunology, Division of Translational Science and Therapeutics, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle WA, 98109, US
- Immunotherapy Integrated Research Center, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle WA, 98109, US
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle WA, 98195, US
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3
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Src: coordinating metabolism in cancer. Oncogene 2022; 41:4917-4928. [PMID: 36217026 PMCID: PMC9630107 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-022-02487-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Metabolism must be tightly regulated to fulfil the dynamic requirements of cancer cells during proliferation, migration, stemness and differentiation. Src is a node of several signals involved in many of these biological processes, and it is also an important regulator of cell metabolism. Glucose uptake, glycolysis, the pentose-phosphate pathway and oxidative phosphorylation are among the metabolic pathways that can be regulated by Src. Therefore, this oncoprotein is in an excellent position to coordinate and finely tune cell metabolism to fuel the different cancer cell activities. Here, we provide an up-to-date summary of recent progress made in determining the role of Src in glucose metabolism as well as the link of this role with cancer cell metabolic plasticity and tumour progression. We also discuss the opportunities and challenges facing this field. ![]()
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4
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Jones JC, Bodenstine TM. Connexins and Glucose Metabolism in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231710172. [PMID: 36077565 PMCID: PMC9455984 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231710172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Connexins are a family of transmembrane proteins that regulate diverse cellular functions. Originally characterized for their ability to mediate direct intercellular communication through the formation of highly regulated membrane channels, their functions have been extended to the exchange of molecules with the extracellular environment, and the ability to modulate numerous channel-independent effects on processes such as motility and survival. Notably, connexins have been implicated in cancer biology for their context-dependent roles that can both promote or suppress cancer cell function. Moreover, connexins are able to mediate many aspects of cellular metabolism including the intercellular coupling of nutrients and signaling molecules. During cancer progression, changes to substrate utilization occur to support energy production and biomass accumulation. This results in metabolic plasticity that promotes cell survival and proliferation, and can impact therapeutic resistance. Significant progress has been made in our understanding of connexin and cancer biology, however, delineating the roles these multi-faceted proteins play in metabolic adaptation of cancer cells is just beginning. Glucose represents a major carbon substrate for energy production, nucleotide synthesis, carbohydrate modifications and generation of biosynthetic intermediates. While cancer cells often exhibit a dependence on glycolytic metabolism for survival, cellular reprogramming of metabolic pathways is common when blood perfusion is limited in growing tumors. These metabolic changes drive aggressive phenotypes through the acquisition of functional traits. Connections between glucose metabolism and connexin function in cancer cells and the surrounding stroma are now apparent, however much remains to be discovered regarding these relationships. This review discusses the existing evidence in this area and highlights directions for continued investigation.
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5
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Garvin J, Semenikhina M, Liu Q, Rarick K, Isaeva E, Levchenko V, Staruschenko A, Palygin O, Harder D, Cohen S. Astrocytic responses to high glucose impair barrier formation in cerebral microvessel endothelial cells. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2022; 322:R571-R580. [PMID: 35412389 PMCID: PMC9109795 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00315.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Hyperglycemic conditions are prodromal to blood-brain barrier (BBB) impairment. The BBB comprises cerebral microvessel endothelial cells (CMECs) that are surrounded by astrocytic foot processes. Astrocytes express high levels of gap junction connexin 43 (Cx43), which play an important role in autocrine and paracrine signaling interactions that mediate gliovascular cross talk through secreted products. One of the key factors of the astrocytic "secretome" is vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a potent angiogenic factor that can disrupt BBB integrity. We hypothesize that high-glucose conditions change the astrocytic expression of Cx43 and increase VEGF secretion leading to impairment of CMEC barrier properties in vitro and in vivo. Using coculture of neonatal rat astrocytes and CMEC, we mimic hyperglycemic conditions using high-glucose (HG) feeding media and show a significant decrease in Cx43 expression and the corresponding increase in secreted VEGF. This result was confirmed by the analyses of Cx43 and VEGF protein levels in the brain cortex samples from the type 2 diabetic rat (T2DN). To further characterize inducible changes in BBB, we measured transendothelial cell electrical resistance (TEER) and tight junction protein levels in cocultured conditioned astrocytes with isolated rat CMEC. The coculture monolayer's integrity and permeability were significantly compromised by HG media exposure, which was indicated by decreased TEER without a change in tight junction protein levels in CMEC. Our study provides insight into gliovascular adaptations to increased glucose levels resulting in impaired cellular cross talk between astrocytes and CMEC, which could be one explanation for cerebral BBB disruption in diabetic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jodi Garvin
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Marharyta Semenikhina
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Qiuli Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Kevin Rarick
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Elena Isaeva
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Vladislav Levchenko
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | - Alexander Staruschenko
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | - Oleg Palygin
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - David Harder
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Susan Cohen
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
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6
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van Kessel E, Berendsen S, Baumfalk AE, Venugopal H, Krijnen EA, Spliet WGM, van Hecke W, Giuliani F, Seute T, van Zandvoort MJE, Snijders TJ, Robe PA. Tumor-related molecular determinants of neurocognitive deficits in patients with diffuse glioma. Neuro Oncol 2022; 24:1660-1670. [PMID: 35148403 PMCID: PMC9527514 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noac036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive impairment is a common and debilitating symptom in patients with diffuse glioma, and is the result of multiple factors. We hypothesized that molecular tumor characteristics influence neurocognitive functioning (NCF), and aimed to identify tumor-related markers of NCF in diffuse glioma patients. METHODS We examined the relation between cognitive performance (executive function, memory, and psychomotor speed) and intratumoral expression levels of molecular markers in treatment-naive patients with diffuse glioma. We performed a single-center study in a consecutive cohort, through a two-step design: (1) hypothesis-free differential expression and gene set enrichment analysis to identify candidate oncogenetic markers for cognitive impairment. Nineteen molecular markers of interest were derived from this set of genes, as well as from prior knowledge; (2) correlation of cognitive performance to intratumoral expression levels of these nineteen molecular markers, measured with immunohistochemistry. RESULTS From 708 included patients with immunohistochemical data, we performed an in-depth analysis of neuropsychological data in 197, and differential expression analysis in 65 patients. After correcting for tumor volume and location, we found significant associations between expression levels of CD3 and IDH-1 and psychomotor speed; between IDH-1, ATRX, NLGN3, BDNF, CK2Beta, EAAT1, GAT-3, SRF, and memory performance; and between IDH-1, P-STAT5b, NLGN3, CK2Beta, and executive functioning. P-STAT5b, CD163, CD3, and Semaphorin-3A were independently associated after further correction for histopathological grade. CONCLUSION Molecular characteristics of glioma can be independent determinants of patients' cognitive functioning. This suggests that besides tumor volume, location, and histological grade, variations in glioma biology influence cognitive performance through mechanisms that include perturbation of neuronal communication. These results pave the way towards targeted cognition improving therapies in neuro-oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma van Kessel
- Corresponding Author: Emma van Kesssel, MD, University Medical Center Utrecht, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, internal address G03.232, PO Box 85500, 3508 XC Utrecht, The Netherlands ()
| | - Sharon Berendsen
- University Medical Center Utrecht, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Anniek E Baumfalk
- University Medical Center Utrecht, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hema Venugopal
- University Medical Center Utrecht, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Eva A Krijnen
- University Medical Center Utrecht, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Wim G M Spliet
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Department of Pathology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Wim van Hecke
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Department of Pathology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Fabrizio Giuliani
- University Medical Center Utrecht, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Tatjana Seute
- University Medical Center Utrecht, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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7
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Han XJ, Zhang WF, Wang Q, Li M, Zhang CB, Yang ZJ, Tan RJ, Gan LJ, Zhang LL, Lan XM, Zhang FL, Hong T, Jiang LP. HIF-1α promotes the proliferation and migration of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells via activation of Cx43. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:10663-10673. [PMID: 34698450 PMCID: PMC8581339 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The proliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) is an important cause of pulmonary vascular remodelling in hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension (HPH). However, its underlying mechanism has not been well elucidated. Connexin 43 (Cx43) plays crucial roles in vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation in various cardiovascular diseases. Here, the male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were exposed to hypoxia (10% O2 ) for 21 days to induce rat HPH model. PASMCs were treated with CoCl2 (200 µM) for 24 h to establish the HPH cell model. It was found that hypoxia up-regulated the expression of Cx43 and phosphorylation of Cx43 at Ser 368 in rat pulmonary arteries and PASMCs, and stimulated the proliferation and migration of PASMCs. HIF-1α inhibitor echinomycin attenuated the CoCl2 -induced Cx43 expression and phosphorylation of Cx43 at Ser 368 in PASMCs. The interaction between HIF-1α and Cx43 promotor was also identified using chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. Moreover, Cx43 specific blocker (37,43 Gap27) or knockdown of Cx43 efficiently alleviated the proliferation and migration of PASMCs under chemically induced hypoxia. Therefore, the results above suggest that HIF-1α, as an upstream regulator, promotes the expression of Cx43, and the HIF-1α/Cx43 axis regulates the proliferation and migration of PASMCs in HPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jian Han
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targets and Drug Screening of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China.,Institute of Geriatrics, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Department of Neurology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Wei-Fang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Qin Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Chun-Bo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targets and Drug Screening of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhang-Jian Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Ren-Jie Tan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Li-Jun Gan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Le-Ling Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xue-Mei Lan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Fang-Lin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Tao Hong
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Li-Ping Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targets and Drug Screening of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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8
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Pelaz SG, Jaraíz-Rodríguez M, Álvarez-Vázquez A, Talaverón R, García-Vicente L, Flores-Hernández R, Gómez de Cedrón M, Tabernero M, Ramírez de Molina A, Lillo C, Medina JM, Tabernero A. Targeting metabolic plasticity in glioma stem cells in vitro and in vivo through specific inhibition of c-Src by TAT-Cx43 266-283. EBioMedicine 2020; 62:103134. [PMID: 33254027 PMCID: PMC7708820 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.103134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Glioblastoma is the most aggressive primary brain tumour and has a very poor prognosis. Inhibition of c-Src activity in glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs, responsible for glioblastoma lethality) and primary glioblastoma cells by the peptide TAT-Cx43266–283 reduces tumorigenicity, and boosts survival in preclinical models. Because c-Src can modulate cell metabolism and several reports revealed poor clinical efficacy of various antitumoral drugs due to metabolic rewiring in cancer cells, here we explored the inhibition of advantageous GSC metabolic plasticity by the c-Src inhibitor TAT-Cx43266-283. Methods Metabolic impairment induced by the c-Src inhibitor TAT-Cx43266-283 in vitro was assessed by fluorometry, western blotting, immunofluorescence, qPCR, enzyme activity assays, electron microscopy, Seahorse analysis, time-lapse imaging, siRNA, and MTT assays. Protein expression in tumours from a xenograft orthotopic glioblastoma mouse model was evaluated by immunofluorescence. Findings TAT-Cx43266–283 decreased glucose uptake in human GSCs and reduced oxidative phosphorylation without a compensatory increase in glycolysis, with no effect on brain cell metabolism, including rat neurons, human and rat astrocytes, and human neural stem cells. TAT-Cx43266-283 impaired metabolic plasticity, reducing GSC growth and survival under different nutrient environments. Finally, GSCs intracranially implanted with TAT-Cx43266–283 showed decreased levels of important metabolic targets for cancer therapy, such as hexokinase-2 and GLUT-3. Interpretation The reduced ability of TAT-Cx43266-283–treated GSCs to survive in metabolically challenging settings, such as those with restricted nutrient availability or the ever-changing in vivo environment, allows us to conclude that the advantageous metabolic plasticity of GSCs can be therapeutically exploited through the specific and cell-selective inhibition of c-Src by TAT-Cx43266-283. Funding Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (FEDER BFU2015-70040-R and FEDER RTI2018-099873-B-I00), Fundación Ramón Areces. Fellowships from the Junta de Castilla y León, European Social Fund, Ministerio de Ciencia and Asociación Española Contra el Cáncer (AECC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara G Pelaz
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Castilla y León (INCYL), Universidad de Salamanca, Calle Pintor Fernando Gallego 1, Salamanca 37007, Spain; Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Celular, Universidad de Salamanca, Edificio Departamental, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, Salamanca 37007, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Hospital Virgen de la Vega, 10ª planta, Paseo de San Vicente, 58-182, Salamanca 37007, Spain
| | - Myriam Jaraíz-Rodríguez
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Castilla y León (INCYL), Universidad de Salamanca, Calle Pintor Fernando Gallego 1, Salamanca 37007, Spain; Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Celular, Universidad de Salamanca, Edificio Departamental, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, Salamanca 37007, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Hospital Virgen de la Vega, 10ª planta, Paseo de San Vicente, 58-182, Salamanca 37007, Spain
| | - Andrea Álvarez-Vázquez
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Castilla y León (INCYL), Universidad de Salamanca, Calle Pintor Fernando Gallego 1, Salamanca 37007, Spain; Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Celular, Universidad de Salamanca, Edificio Departamental, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, Salamanca 37007, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Hospital Virgen de la Vega, 10ª planta, Paseo de San Vicente, 58-182, Salamanca 37007, Spain
| | - Rocío Talaverón
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Castilla y León (INCYL), Universidad de Salamanca, Calle Pintor Fernando Gallego 1, Salamanca 37007, Spain; Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Celular, Universidad de Salamanca, Edificio Departamental, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, Salamanca 37007, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Hospital Virgen de la Vega, 10ª planta, Paseo de San Vicente, 58-182, Salamanca 37007, Spain
| | - Laura García-Vicente
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Castilla y León (INCYL), Universidad de Salamanca, Calle Pintor Fernando Gallego 1, Salamanca 37007, Spain; Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Celular, Universidad de Salamanca, Edificio Departamental, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, Salamanca 37007, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Hospital Virgen de la Vega, 10ª planta, Paseo de San Vicente, 58-182, Salamanca 37007, Spain
| | - Raquel Flores-Hernández
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Castilla y León (INCYL), Universidad de Salamanca, Calle Pintor Fernando Gallego 1, Salamanca 37007, Spain; Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Celular, Universidad de Salamanca, Edificio Departamental, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, Salamanca 37007, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Hospital Virgen de la Vega, 10ª planta, Paseo de San Vicente, 58-182, Salamanca 37007, Spain
| | - Marta Gómez de Cedrón
- Precision Nutrition and Cancer Program, Molecular Oncology and Nutritional Genomics of Cancer Group, IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM + CSIC, Carretera de Canto Blanco 8 E, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - María Tabernero
- Precision Nutrition and Cancer Program, Molecular Oncology and Nutritional Genomics of Cancer Group, IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM + CSIC, Carretera de Canto Blanco 8 E, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Ana Ramírez de Molina
- Precision Nutrition and Cancer Program, Molecular Oncology and Nutritional Genomics of Cancer Group, IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM + CSIC, Carretera de Canto Blanco 8 E, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Concepción Lillo
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Castilla y León (INCYL), Universidad de Salamanca, Calle Pintor Fernando Gallego 1, Salamanca 37007, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Hospital Virgen de la Vega, 10ª planta, Paseo de San Vicente, 58-182, Salamanca 37007, Spain
| | - José M Medina
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Castilla y León (INCYL), Universidad de Salamanca, Calle Pintor Fernando Gallego 1, Salamanca 37007, Spain; Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Celular, Universidad de Salamanca, Edificio Departamental, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, Salamanca 37007, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Hospital Virgen de la Vega, 10ª planta, Paseo de San Vicente, 58-182, Salamanca 37007, Spain
| | - Arantxa Tabernero
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Castilla y León (INCYL), Universidad de Salamanca, Calle Pintor Fernando Gallego 1, Salamanca 37007, Spain; Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Celular, Universidad de Salamanca, Edificio Departamental, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, Salamanca 37007, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Hospital Virgen de la Vega, 10ª planta, Paseo de San Vicente, 58-182, Salamanca 37007, Spain.
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9
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Torrisi F, Minafra L, Cammarata FP, Savoca G, Calvaruso M, Vicario N, Maccari L, Pérès EA, Özçelik H, Bernaudin M, Botta L, Russo G, Parenti R, Valable S. SRC Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor and X-rays Combined Effect on Glioblastoma Cell Lines. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21113917. [PMID: 32486205 PMCID: PMC7312922 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21113917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the most lethal types of tumor due to its high recurrence level in spite of aggressive treatment regimens involving surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Hypoxia is a feature of GBM, involved in radioresistance, and is known to be at the origin of treatment failure. The aim of this work was to assess the therapeutic potential of a new targeted c-SRC inhibitor molecule, named Si306, in combination with X-rays on the human glioblastoma cell lines, comparing normoxia and hypoxia conditions. For this purpose, the dose modifying factor and oxygen enhancement ratio were calculated to evaluate the Si306 radiosensitizing effect. DNA damage and the repair capability were also studied from the kinetic of γ-H2AX immunodetection. Furthermore, motility processes being supposed to be triggered by hypoxia and irradiation, the role of c-SRC inhibition was also analyzed to evaluate the migration blockage by wound healing assay. Our results showed that inhibition of the c-SRC protein enhances the radiotherapy efficacy both in normoxic and hypoxic conditions. These data open new opportunities for GBM treatment combining radiotherapy with molecularly targeted drugs to overcome radioresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Torrisi
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences (BIOMETEC), University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (F.T.); (N.V.)
- National Institute for Nuclear Physics, Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, INFN-LNS, 95123 Catania, Italy; (L.M.); (G.S.); (M.C.); (G.R.)
| | - Luigi Minafra
- National Institute for Nuclear Physics, Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, INFN-LNS, 95123 Catania, Italy; (L.M.); (G.S.); (M.C.); (G.R.)
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology, National Research Council, IBFM-CNR, 90015 Cefalù, Italy
| | - Francesco P. Cammarata
- National Institute for Nuclear Physics, Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, INFN-LNS, 95123 Catania, Italy; (L.M.); (G.S.); (M.C.); (G.R.)
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology, National Research Council, IBFM-CNR, 90015 Cefalù, Italy
- Correspondence: (F.P.C.); (R.P.)
| | - Gaetano Savoca
- National Institute for Nuclear Physics, Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, INFN-LNS, 95123 Catania, Italy; (L.M.); (G.S.); (M.C.); (G.R.)
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology, National Research Council, IBFM-CNR, 90015 Cefalù, Italy
| | - Marco Calvaruso
- National Institute for Nuclear Physics, Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, INFN-LNS, 95123 Catania, Italy; (L.M.); (G.S.); (M.C.); (G.R.)
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology, National Research Council, IBFM-CNR, 90015 Cefalù, Italy
| | - Nunzio Vicario
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences (BIOMETEC), University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (F.T.); (N.V.)
| | - Laura Maccari
- Lead Discovery Siena s.r.l. (LDS), via Vittorio Alfieri, 31, Castelnuovo Berardenga, 53019 Siena, Italy; (L.M.); (L.B.)
| | - Elodie A. Pérès
- UNICAEN, CEA, CNRS, ISTCT/CERVOxy Group, GIP Cyceron, Normandie University, 14074 Caen, France; (E.A.P.); (H.Ö.); (M.B.); (S.V.)
| | - Hayriye Özçelik
- UNICAEN, CEA, CNRS, ISTCT/CERVOxy Group, GIP Cyceron, Normandie University, 14074 Caen, France; (E.A.P.); (H.Ö.); (M.B.); (S.V.)
| | - Myriam Bernaudin
- UNICAEN, CEA, CNRS, ISTCT/CERVOxy Group, GIP Cyceron, Normandie University, 14074 Caen, France; (E.A.P.); (H.Ö.); (M.B.); (S.V.)
| | - Lorenzo Botta
- Lead Discovery Siena s.r.l. (LDS), via Vittorio Alfieri, 31, Castelnuovo Berardenga, 53019 Siena, Italy; (L.M.); (L.B.)
| | - Giorgio Russo
- National Institute for Nuclear Physics, Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, INFN-LNS, 95123 Catania, Italy; (L.M.); (G.S.); (M.C.); (G.R.)
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology, National Research Council, IBFM-CNR, 90015 Cefalù, Italy
| | - Rosalba Parenti
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences (BIOMETEC), University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (F.T.); (N.V.)
- Correspondence: (F.P.C.); (R.P.)
| | - Samuel Valable
- UNICAEN, CEA, CNRS, ISTCT/CERVOxy Group, GIP Cyceron, Normandie University, 14074 Caen, France; (E.A.P.); (H.Ö.); (M.B.); (S.V.)
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10
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Ren Z, Dong Z, Xie P, Lv J, Hu Y, Guan Z, Zhang C, Yu W. PNU282987 inhibits amyloid‑β aggregation by upregulating astrocytic endogenous αB‑crystallin and HSP‑70 via regulation of the α7AChR, PI3K/Akt/HSF‑1 signaling axis. Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:201-208. [PMID: 32377707 PMCID: PMC7248489 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic and irreversible neurodegenerative disorder. Abnormal aggregation of the neurotoxic amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide is an early event in AD. The activation of astrocytic α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7 nAChR) can inhibit Aβ aggregation; thus, the molecular mechanism between α7 nAChR activation and Aβ aggregation warrants further investigation. In the present study, Aβ oligomer levels were assessed in astrocytic cell lysates after treatment with PNU282987 (a potent agonist of α7 nAChRs) or co-treatment with LY294002, a p-Akt inhibitor. The levels of heat shock factor-1 (HSF-1), heat shock protein 70 (HSP-70), and αB-crystallin (Cryab) in astrocytes treated with PNU282987 at various time-points or co-treated with methyllycaconitine (MLA), a selective α7 nAChR antagonist, as well as co-incubated with LY294002 were determined by western blotting. HSP-70 and Cryab levels were determined after HSF-1 knockdown (KD) in astrocytes. PNU282987 markedly inhibited Aβ aggregation and upregulated HSF-1, Cryab, and HSP-70 in primary astrocytes, while the PNU282987-mediated neuroprotective effect was reversed by pre-treatment with MLA or LY294002. Moreover, the HSF-1 KD in astrocytes effectively decreased Cryab, but not HSP-70 expression. HSF-1 is necessary for the upregulation of Cryab expression, but not for that of HSP-70. HSF-1 and HSP-70 have a neuroprotective effect. Furthermore, the neuroprotective effect of PNU282987 against Aβ aggregation was mediated by the canonical PI3K/Akt signaling pathway activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenkui Ren
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, P.R. China
| | - Zhihui Dong
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, P.R. China
| | - Peng Xie
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, P.R. China
| | - Ju Lv
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, P.R. China
| | - Yumei Hu
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, P.R. China
| | - Zhizhong Guan
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, P.R. China
| | - Chunlin Zhang
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, P.R. China
| | - Wenfeng Yu
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, P.R. China
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11
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Neuregulin-1 Protects Neuronal Cells Against Damage due to CoCl2-Induced Hypoxia by Suppressing Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1α and P53 in SH-SY5Y Cells. Int Neurourol J 2019; 23:S111-118. [PMID: 31795610 PMCID: PMC6905208 DOI: 10.5213/inj.1938190.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Hypoxia-mediated neurotoxicity contributes to various neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer disease. Neuregulin-1 (NRG1) plays an important role in the development and plasticity of the brain. The aim of the present study was to investigate the neuroprotective effect and the regulating hypoxic inducible factor of NRG1 in cobalt chloride (CoCl2) induced hypoxia. Methods Hypoxia was induced in SH-SY5Y cells by CoCl2 treatment. SH-SY5Y cells were pretreated with NRG1 and then treated with CoCl2. Western blotting, immunocytochemistry, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assays were performed to examine neuroprotective properties of NRG1 in SH-SY5Y cells. Results Our data showed that CoCl2 induced cytotoxicity and changes of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and p53 expression in SH-SY5Y cells. However, pretreatment with NRG1 inhibited CoCl2-induced accumulation of HIF-1α and p53 stability. In addition, NRG1 significantly attenuated cell death of SH-SY5Y induced by CoCl2. Conclusions NRG1 can regulate HIF-1α and p53 to protect neurons against hypoxic damage.
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Epilepsy Associates with Decreased HIF-1α/STAT5b Signaling in Glioblastoma. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11010041. [PMID: 30621209 PMCID: PMC6356242 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11010041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy at presentation is an independent favorable prognostic factor in glioblastoma (GBM). In this study, we analyze the oncologic signaling pathways that associate with epilepsy in human GBMs, and that can underlie this prognostic effect. Following ethical approval and patient consent, fresh frozen GBM tissue was obtained from 76 patient surgeries. Hospital records were screened for the presence of seizures at presentation of the disease. mRNA and miRNA expression-based and gene set enrichment analyses were performed on these tissues, to uncover candidate oncologic pathways that associate with epilepsy. We performed qPCR experiments and immunohistochemistry on tissue microarrays containing 286 GBMs to further explore the association of these candidate pathways and of markers of mesenchymal transformation (NF-κB, CEBP-β, STAT3, STAT5b, VEGFA, SRF) with epilepsy. Gene sets involved in hypoxia/HIF-1α, STAT5, CEBP-β and epithelial-mesenchymal transformation signaling were significantly downregulated in epileptogenic GBMs. On confirmatory protein expression analyses, epileptogenic tumors were characterized by a significant downregulation of phospho-STAT5b, a target of HIF-1α. Epilepsy status did not associate with molecular subclassification or miRNA expression patterns of the tumors. Epileptogenic GBMs correlate with decreased hypoxia/ HIF-1α/STAT5b signaling compared to glioblastomas that do not present with epilepsy.
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13
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Li K, Zhou H, Zhan L, Shi Z, Sun W, Liu D, Liu L, Liang D, Tan Y, Xu W, Xu E. Hypoxic Preconditioning Maintains GLT-1 Against Transient Global Cerebral Ischemia Through Upregulating Cx43 and Inhibiting c-Src. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:344. [PMID: 30323740 PMCID: PMC6172853 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Transient global cerebral ischemia (tGCI) causes excessive release of glutamate from neurons. Astrocytic glutamate transporter-1 (GLT-1) and glutamine synthetase (GS) together play a predominant role in maintaining glutamate at normal extracellular concentrations. Though our previous studies reported the alleviation of tGCI-induced neuronal death by hypoxic preconditioning (HPC) in hippocampal Cornu Ammonis 1 (CA1) of adult rats, the underlying mechanism has not yet been fully elaborated. In this study, we aimed to investigate the roles of GLT-1 and GS in the neuroprotection mediated by HPC against tGCI and to ascertain whether these roles can be regulated by connexin 43 (Cx43) and cellular-Src (c-Src) activity. We found that HPC decreased the level of extracellular glutamate in CA1 after tGCI via maintenance of GLT-1 expression and GS activity. Inhibition of GLT-1 expression with dihydrokainate (DHK) or inhibition of GS activity with methionine sulfoximine (MSO) abolished the neuroprotection induced by HPC. Also, HPC markedly upregulated Cx43 and inhibited p-c-Src expression in CA1 after tGCI, whereas inhibition of Cx43 with Gap26 dramatically reversed this effect. Furthermore, inhibition of p-c-Src with 4-amino-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-(t-butyl) pyrazolo (3, 4-d) pyrimidine (PP2) decreased c-Src activity, increased protein levels of GLT-1 and Cx43, enhanced GS activity, and thus reduced extracellular glutamate level in CA1 after tGCI. Collectively, our data demonstrated that reduced extracellular glutamate induced by HPC against tGCI through preventing the reduction of GLT-1 expression and maintaining GS activity in hippocampal CA1, which was mediated by upregulating Cx43 expression and inhibiting c-Src activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kongping Li
- Institute of Neurosciences and Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University and Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huarong Zhou
- Institute of Neurosciences and Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University and Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lixuan Zhan
- Institute of Neurosciences and Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University and Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhe Shi
- Institute of Neurosciences and Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University and Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiwen Sun
- Institute of Neurosciences and Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University and Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dandan Liu
- Institute of Neurosciences and Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University and Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liu Liu
- Institute of Neurosciences and Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University and Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, China
| | - Donghai Liang
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Yafu Tan
- Institute of Neurosciences and Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University and Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Wensheng Xu
- Institute of Neurosciences and Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University and Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, China
| | - En Xu
- Institute of Neurosciences and Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University and Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, China
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14
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González-Sánchez A, Jaraíz-Rodríguez M, Domínguez-Prieto M, Herrero-González S, Medina JM, Tabernero A. Connexin43 recruits PTEN and Csk to inhibit c-Src activity in glioma cells and astrocytes. Oncotarget 2018; 7:49819-49833. [PMID: 27391443 PMCID: PMC5226550 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Connexin43 (Cx43), the major protein forming gap junctions in astrocytes, is reduced in high-grade gliomas, where its ectopic expression exerts important effects, including the inhibition of the proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase Src (c-Src). In this work we aimed to investigate the mechanism responsible for this effect. The inhibition of c-Src requires phosphorylation at tyrosine 527 mediated by C-terminal Src kinase (Csk) and dephosphorylation at tyrosine 416 mediated by phosphatases, such as phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN). Our results showed that the antiproliferative effect of Cx43 is reduced when Csk and PTEN are silenced in glioma cells, suggesting the involvement of both enzymes. Confocal microscopy and immunoprecipitation assays confirmed that Cx43, in addition to c-Src, binds to PTEN and Csk in glioma cells transfected with Cx43 and in astrocytes. Pull-down assays showed that region 266–283 in Cx43 is sufficient to recruit c-Src, PTEN and Csk and to inhibit the oncogenic activity of c-Src. As a result of c-Src inhibition, PTEN was increased with subsequent inactivation of Akt and reduction of proliferation of human glioblastoma stem cells. We conclude that the recruitment of Csk and PTEN to the region between residues 266 and 283 within the C-terminus of Cx43 leads to c-Src inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana González-Sánchez
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Castilla y León (INCYL), Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Myriam Jaraíz-Rodríguez
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Castilla y León (INCYL), Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Marta Domínguez-Prieto
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Castilla y León (INCYL), Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Sandra Herrero-González
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Castilla y León (INCYL), Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - José M Medina
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Castilla y León (INCYL), Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Arantxa Tabernero
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Castilla y León (INCYL), Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
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15
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Gangoso E, Talaverón R, Jaraíz-Rodríguez M, Domínguez-Prieto M, Ezan P, Koulakoff A, Medina JM, Giaume C, Tabernero A. A c-Src Inhibitor Peptide Based on Connexin43 Exerts Neuroprotective Effects through the Inhibition of Glial Hemichannel Activity. Front Mol Neurosci 2017; 10:418. [PMID: 29326548 PMCID: PMC5737028 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The non-receptor tyrosine kinase c-Src is an important mediator in several signaling pathways related to neuroinflammation. Our previous study showed that cortical injection of kainic acid (KA) promoted a transient increase in c-Src activity in reactive astrocytes surrounding the neuronal lesion. As a cell-penetrating peptide based on connexin43 (Cx43), specifically TAT-Cx43266–283, inhibits Src activity, we investigated the effect of TAT-Cx43266–283 on neuronal death promoted by cortical KA injections in adult mice. As expected, KA promoted neuronal death, estimated by the reduction in NeuN-positive cells and reactive gliosis, characterized by the increase in glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression. Interestingly, TAT-Cx43266–283 injected with KA diminished neuronal death and reactive gliosis compared to KA or KA+TAT injections. In order to gain insight into the neuroprotective mechanism, we used in vitro models. In primary cultured neurons, TAT-Cx43266–283 did not prevent neuronal death promoted by KA, but when neurons were grown on top of astrocytes, TAT-Cx43266–283 prevented neuronal death promoted by KA. These observations demonstrate the participation of astrocytes in the neuroprotective effect of TAT-Cx43266–283. Furthermore, the neuroprotective effect was also present in non-contact co-cultures, suggesting the contribution of soluble factors released by astrocytes. As glial hemichannel activity is associated with the release of several factors, such as ATP and glutamate, that cause neuronal death, we explored the participation of these channels on the neuroprotective effect of TAT-Cx43266–283. Our results confirmed that inhibitors of ATP and NMDA receptors prevented neuronal death in co-cultures treated with KA, suggesting the participation of astrocyte hemichannels in neurotoxicity. Furthermore, TAT-Cx43266–283 reduced hemichannel activity promoted by KA in neuron-astrocyte co-cultures as assessed by ethidium bromide (EtBr) uptake assay. In fact, TAT-Cx43266–283 and dasatinib, a potent c-Src inhibitor, strongly reduced the activation of astrocyte hemichannels. In conclusion, our results suggest that TAT-Cx43266–283 exerts a neuroprotective effect through the reduction of hemichannel activity likely mediated by c-Src in astrocytes. These data unveil a new role of c-Src in the regulation of Cx43-hemichannel activity that could be part of the mechanism by which astroglial c-Src participates in neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ester Gangoso
- MEMOLIFE Laboratory of Excellence and Paris Science Lettre Research University, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB)/Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7241/Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1050, Collège de France, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Rocío Talaverón
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto de Neurociencias de Castilla y León (INCYL), Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Myriam Jaraíz-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto de Neurociencias de Castilla y León (INCYL), Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Marta Domínguez-Prieto
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto de Neurociencias de Castilla y León (INCYL), Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Pascal Ezan
- MEMOLIFE Laboratory of Excellence and Paris Science Lettre Research University, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB)/Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7241/Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1050, Collège de France, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Annette Koulakoff
- MEMOLIFE Laboratory of Excellence and Paris Science Lettre Research University, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB)/Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7241/Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1050, Collège de France, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - José M Medina
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto de Neurociencias de Castilla y León (INCYL), Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Christian Giaume
- MEMOLIFE Laboratory of Excellence and Paris Science Lettre Research University, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB)/Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7241/Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1050, Collège de France, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Arantxa Tabernero
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto de Neurociencias de Castilla y León (INCYL), Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
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The pivotal role of extracellular signal-regulated kinase in gap junction-mediated regulation of TXNIP. Cell Signal 2017; 38:116-126. [PMID: 28694028 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Gap junctions (GJs) play a major role in the control of cell structure, function, and metabolism. However, the molecular mechanisms involved are still poorly understood. Given that thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) regulates a broad range of cellular processes, we tested the possible involvement of TXNIP. Disruption of GJs with several chemical GJ inhibitors or connexin43 (Cx43) siRNA potently suppressed TXNIP, which was preceded by an activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). Inhibition of ERK or its upstream kinase with chemical inhibitors prevented the reduction of TXNIP. On the contrary, activation of ERK with mitogens or phosphatase inhibitors reproduced the suppressive effects of GJs. Further analysis revealed that dysfunction of GJs promoted TXNIP phosphorylation, ubiquitination, and degradation, whereas inhibition of ERK exerted the opposite effects. Moreover, inhibition of GJs elevated Glut1 and enhanced cell resistance to ER stress in a similar way to TXNIP downregulation. Collectively, our study thus characterizes ERK-mediated suppression of TXNIP as a presently unreported mechanism by which GJs regulate cell behaviors.
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17
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Inhibitory effect of a redox-silent analogue of tocotrienol on hypoxia adaptation in prostate cancer cells. Anticancer Drugs 2017; 28:289-297. [DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000000460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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18
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Pentassuglia L, Heim P, Lebboukh S, Morandi C, Xu L, Brink M. Neuregulin-1β promotes glucose uptake via PI3K/Akt in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2016; 310:E782-94. [PMID: 26979522 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00259.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Nrg1β is critically involved in cardiac development and also maintains function of the adult heart. Studies conducted in animal models showed that it improves cardiac performance under a range of pathological conditions, which led to its introduction in clinical trials to treat heart failure. Recent work also implicated Nrg1β in the regenerative potential of neonatal and adult hearts. The molecular mechanisms whereby Nrg1β acts in cardiac cells are still poorly understood. In the present study, we analyzed the effects of Nrg1β on glucose uptake in neonatal rat ventricular myocytes and investigated to what extent mTOR/Akt signaling pathways are implicated. We show that Nrg1β enhances glucose uptake in cardiomyocytes as efficiently as IGF-I and insulin. Nrg1β causes phosphorylation of ErbB2 and ErbB4 and rapidly induces the phosphorylation of FAK (Tyr(861)), Akt (Thr(308) and Ser(473)), and its effector AS160 (Thr(642)). Knockdown of ErbB2 or ErbB4 reduces Akt phosphorylation and blocks the glucose uptake. The Akt inhibitor VIII and the PI3K inhibitors LY-294002 and Byl-719 abolish Nrg1β-induced phosphorylation and glucose uptake. Finally, specific mTORC2 inactivation after knockdown of rictor blocks the Nrg1β-induced increases in Akt-p-Ser(473) but does not modify AS160-p-Thr(642) or the glucose uptake responses to Nrg1β. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that Nrg1β enhances glucose uptake in cardiomyocytes via ErbB2/ErbB4 heterodimers, PI3Kα, and Akt. Furthermore, although Nrg1β activates mTORC2, the resulting Akt-Ser(473) phosphorylation is not essential for glucose uptake induction. These new insights into pathways whereby Nrg1β regulates glucose uptake in cardiomyocytes may contribute to the understanding of its regenerative capacity and protective function in heart failure.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Animals, Newborn
- Blotting, Western
- Gene Knockdown Techniques
- Glucose/metabolism
- Heart Ventricles/cytology
- Hypoglycemic Agents/pharmacology
- Immunoprecipitation
- Insulin/pharmacology
- Insulin-Like Growth Factor I/pharmacology
- Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 2
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Multiprotein Complexes/metabolism
- Myocytes, Cardiac/drug effects
- Myocytes, Cardiac/metabolism
- Neuregulin-1/pharmacology
- Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/drug effects
- Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism
- Phosphorylation/drug effects
- Protein Biosynthesis/drug effects
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/drug effects
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism
- RNA, Small Interfering
- Rats
- Receptor, ErbB-2/drug effects
- Receptor, ErbB-2/genetics
- Receptor, ErbB-2/metabolism
- Receptor, ErbB-4/drug effects
- Receptor, ErbB-4/genetics
- Receptor, ErbB-4/metabolism
- TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Pentassuglia
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Heim
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sonia Lebboukh
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christian Morandi
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Lifen Xu
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marijke Brink
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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19
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Wang P, Li L, Zhang Z, Kan Q, Gao F, Chen S. Time-dependent activity of Na+/H+ exchanger isoform 1 and homeostasis of intracellular pH in astrocytes exposed to CoCl2 treatment. Mol Med Rep 2016; 13:4443-50. [PMID: 27035646 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia causes injury to the central nervous system during stroke and has significant effects on pH homeostasis. Na+/H+ exchanger isoform 1 (NHE1) is important in the mechanisms of hypoxia and intracellular pH (pHi) homeostasis. As a well-established hypoxia-mimetic agent, CoCl2 stabilizes and increases the expression of hypoxia inducible factor‑1α (HIF-1α), which regulates several genes involved in pH balance, including NHE1. However, it is not fully understood whether NHE1 is activated in astrocytes under CoCl2 treatment. In the current study, pHi and NHE activity were analyzed using the pHi‑sensitive dye BCECF‑AM. Using cariporide (an NHE1‑specific inhibitor) and EIPA (an NHE nonspecific inhibitor), the current study demonstrated that it was NHE1, not the other NHE isoforms, that was important in regulating pHi homeostasis in astrocytes during CoCl2 treatment. Additionally, the present study observed that, during the early period of CoCl2 treatment (the first 2 h), NHE1 activity and pHi dropped immediately, and NHE1 mRNA expression was reduced compared with control levels, whereas expression levels of the NHE1 protein had not yet changed. In the later period of CoCl2 treatment, NHE1 activity and pHi significantly increased compared with the control levels, as did the mRNA and protein expression levels of NHE1. Furthermore, the cell viability and injury of astrocytes was not changed during the initial 8 h of CoCl2 treatment; their deterioration was associated with the higher levels of pHi and NHE1 activity. The current study concluded that NHE1 activity and pHi homeostasis are regulated by CoCl2 treatment in a time-dependent manner in astrocytes, and may be responsible for the changes in cell viability and injury observed under hypoxia-mimetic conditions induced by CoCl2 treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- Department of Basic Medicine, Nursing College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Palliative and Hospice Care, The Ninth People's Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, Henan 450053, P.R. China
| | - Zhenxiang Zhang
- Department of Basic Medicine, Nursing College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Quancheng Kan
- Clinical Pharmacology Base, Department of Infectious Disease, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Henan Academy of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Suyan Chen
- Department of Basic Medicine, Nursing College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
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20
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Tang XY, Zheng W, Ding M, Guo KJ, Yuan F, Feng H, Deng B, Sun W, Hou Y, Gao L. miR-125b acts as a tumor suppressor in chondrosarcoma cells by the sensitization to doxorubicin through direct targeting the ErbB2-regulated glucose metabolism. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2016; 10:571-83. [PMID: 26966351 PMCID: PMC4771406 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s90530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Chondrosarcoma is the second most common type of primary bone malignancy in the United States after osteosarcoma. Surgical resections of these tumors are the only effective treatment to chondrosarcoma patients due to their resistance to conventional chemo- and radiotherapy. In this study, miR-125b was found to perform its tumor-suppressor function to inhibit glucose metabolism via the direct targeting of oncogene, ErbB2. We report miR-125b was downregulated in both chondrosarcoma patient samples and cell lines. The total 20 Asian chondrosarcoma patients showed significantly downregulated miR-125b expression compared with normal tissues. Meanwhile, miR-125 was downregulated in chondrosarcoma cells and doxorubicin resistant cells. Overexpression of miR-125 enhanced the sensitivity of both parental and doxorubicin resistant cells to doxorubicin through direct targeting on the ErbB2-mediated upregulation of glycolysis in chondrosarcoma cells. Moreover, restoration of the expression of ErbB2 and glucose metabolic enzymes in miR-125 pretransfected cells recovered the susceptibility to doxorubicin. Our study will provide a novel aspect on the overcoming chemoresistance in human chondrosarcoma cells and may help in the development of therapeutic strategies for the treatments of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-ye Tang
- Department of Orthopedic, The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China; Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zheng
- Department of Orthopedic, The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China; Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Ding
- Department of Emergency Trauma Surgery, East Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University
| | - Kai-jin Guo
- Department of Orthopedic, The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China; Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Yuan
- Department of Orthopedic, The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hu Feng
- Department of Orthopedic, The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Deng
- Department of Orthopedic, The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Orthopedic, The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Hou
- Department of Orthopedic, Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Gao
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China; Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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21
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Wang P, Li L, Zhang Z, Kan Q, Chen S, Gao F. Time-dependent homeostasis between glucose uptake and consumption in astrocytes exposed to CoCl₂ treatment. Mol Med Rep 2016; 13:2909-17. [PMID: 26847382 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.4873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia has been implicated in the pathology of the central nervous system during stroke. It also has a significant effect on the regulation of glucose transporters (GLUTs), and homeostasis between glucose uptake and consumption. CoCl2 is a hypoxia‑mimetic agent, and thus stabilizes the hypoxia‑inducible factor 1α (HIF‑1α) subunit and regulates GLUT genes. GLUT‑1 and GLUT‑3 are the most common isoforms of the GLUT family present in the brain, with the former primarily expressed in astrocytes and the latter in neurons under physiological conditions. However, it remains controversial whether GLUT‑3 is expressed in astrocytes. Additionally, it is unclear whether the regulation of GLUT‑1 and GLUT‑3, and glucose homeostasis, are affected by CoCl2 treatment in a time‑dependent manner. In the present study, mRNA and protein levels of GLUT‑1, GLUT‑3 and HIF‑1α in astrocytes were examined by reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis, respectively. The intracellular glucose concentration, glycogen storage, ATP content, pyruvate concentration, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release activity and cell viability in astrocytes were also investigated. The observations of the current study confirmed that both protein and mRNA levels of GLUT‑1 and GLUT‑3 were elevated in a time‑dependent manner induced by CoCl2 treatment, followed by accumulation of HIF‑1α. Furthermore, in the early period of CoCl2 treatment (≤8 h at 100 µM), LDH release, ATP content, glycogen storage and cell viability remained unchanged, whereas intracellular pyruvate concentration increased and glucose concentration was reduced. However, in the later period of CoCl2 treatment (>8 h at 100 µM), LDH release and intracellular pyruvate concentration increased, while intracellular glucose concentration, ATP content and glycogen storage were reduced. This may be due to disruption of homeostasis and reduced cell viability. In conclusion, alteration in the expression levels of GLUT‑1 and GLUT‑3, and the homeostasis between glucose uptake and consumption were affected by CoCl2 treatment, in a time‑dependent manner, and may result in reduced energy production and cell viability in astrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- Department of Basic Medicine, Nursing College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Palliative Care and Hospice Care, The Ninth People's Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, Henan 450053, P.R. China
| | - Zhenxiang Zhang
- Department of Basic Medicine, Nursing College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Quancheng Kan
- Department of Infectious Disease, Clinical Pharmacology Base, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Suyan Chen
- Department of Basic Medicine, Nursing College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Henan Academy of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
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22
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Gao S, Chen X, Jin H, Ren S, Liu Z, Fang X, Zhang G. Overexpression of ErbB2 renders breast cancer cells susceptible to 3-BrPA through the increased dissociation of hexokinase II from mitochondrial outer membrane. Oncol Lett 2015; 11:1567-1573. [PMID: 26893781 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2015.4043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
ErbB2 is known to upregulate glycolysis in breast cancer, however, the precise mechanisms remain unclear. In the present study, ErbB2 upregulated Hexokinase II (HK II) activity by increasing the binding of HK II to the mitochondrial outer membrane. Dysregulated glucose metabolism in high ErbB2-expressing breast cancer cells induces susceptibility to glucose starvation and glycolysis inhibition. Additionally, HK II has a tendency to dissociate from the mitochondria outer membrane in ErbB2-overexpressing cells following treatment with the HK II inhibitor, 3-BrPA. Furthermore, 3-BrPA treatment results in decreased mitochondria membrane potential and release of cytochrome c into cytoplasm in ErbB2-overexpressing cells, leading to activation of the mitochondrial apoptotic signaling pathway. In summary, the results demonstrate a novel mechanism for ErbB2-activated glycolysis and reveal that 3-BrPA is effective in reducing ErbB2-positive breast cancer cell viability by targeting HK II in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujie Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China; Central Research Laboratory, The Second Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
| | - Xuebo Chen
- Department of General Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
| | - Hongyong Jin
- Department of General Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
| | - Shengnan Ren
- Department of General Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
| | - Zhuo Liu
- Department of General Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
| | - Xuedong Fang
- Department of General Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
| | - Guizhen Zhang
- Central Research Laboratory, The Second Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
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23
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Gago-Fuentes R, Fernández-Puente P, Megias D, Carpintero-Fernández P, Mateos J, Acea B, Fonseca E, Blanco FJ, Mayan MD. Proteomic Analysis of Connexin 43 Reveals Novel Interactors Related to Osteoarthritis. Mol Cell Proteomics 2015; 14:1831-45. [PMID: 25903580 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m115.050211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously reported that articular chondrocytes in tissue contain long cytoplasmic arms that physically connect two distant cells. Cell-to-cell communication occurs through connexin channels termed Gap Junction (GJ) channels, which achieve direct cellular communication by allowing the intercellular exchange of ions, small RNAs, nutrients, and second messengers. The Cx43 protein is overexpressed in several human diseases and inflammation processes and in articular cartilage from patients with osteoarthritis (OA). An increase in the level of Cx43 is known to alter gene expression, cell signaling, growth, and cell proliferation. The interaction of proteins with the C-terminal tail of connexin 43 (Cx43) directly modulates GJ-dependent and -independent functions. Here, we describe the isolation of Cx43 complexes using mild extraction conditions and immunoaffinity purification. Cx43 complexes were extracted from human primary articular chondrocytes isolated from healthy donors and patients with OA. The proteomic content of the native complexes was determined using LC-MS/MS, and protein associations with Cx43 were validated using Western blot and immunolocalization experiments. We identified >100 Cx43-associated proteins including previously uncharacterized proteins related to nucleolar functions, RNA transport, and translation. We also identified several proteins involved in human diseases, cartilage structure, and OA as novel functional Cx43 interactors, which emphasized the importance of Cx43 in the normal physiology and structural and functional integrity of chondrocytes and articular cartilage. Gene Ontology (GO) terms of the proteins identified in the OA samples showed an enrichment of Cx43-interactors related to cell adhesion, calmodulin binding, the nucleolus, and the cytoskeleton in OA samples compared with healthy samples. However, the mitochondrial proteins SOD2 and ATP5J2 were identified only in samples from healthy donors. The identification of Cx43 interactors will provide clues to the functions of Cx43 in human cells and its roles in the development of several diseases, including OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Gago-Fuentes
- From the ‡CellCOM Research Group. Instituto de Investigación Biomédica A Coruña (INIBIC), XXIAC, University of A Coruña. Xubias de Arriba 84, 15006 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Patricia Fernández-Puente
- §Rheumatology Division, ProteoRed/ISCIII, Proteomics Group, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica A Coruña (INIBIC), XXIAC. University of A Coruña. Xubias de Arriba 84, 15006 A Coruña, Spain; ¶Rheumatology Division, CIBER-BBN/ISCIII, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica A Coruña (INIBIC), XXIAC. University of A Coruña. Xubias de Arriba 84, 15006 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Diego Megias
- ‖Confocal Microscopy Core Unit. Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paula Carpintero-Fernández
- From the ‡CellCOM Research Group. Instituto de Investigación Biomédica A Coruña (INIBIC), XXIAC, University of A Coruña. Xubias de Arriba 84, 15006 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Jesus Mateos
- §Rheumatology Division, ProteoRed/ISCIII, Proteomics Group, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica A Coruña (INIBIC), XXIAC. University of A Coruña. Xubias de Arriba 84, 15006 A Coruña, Spain; ¶Rheumatology Division, CIBER-BBN/ISCIII, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica A Coruña (INIBIC), XXIAC. University of A Coruña. Xubias de Arriba 84, 15006 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Benigno Acea
- From the ‡CellCOM Research Group. Instituto de Investigación Biomédica A Coruña (INIBIC), XXIAC, University of A Coruña. Xubias de Arriba 84, 15006 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Eduardo Fonseca
- From the ‡CellCOM Research Group. Instituto de Investigación Biomédica A Coruña (INIBIC), XXIAC, University of A Coruña. Xubias de Arriba 84, 15006 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Blanco
- §Rheumatology Division, ProteoRed/ISCIII, Proteomics Group, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica A Coruña (INIBIC), XXIAC. University of A Coruña. Xubias de Arriba 84, 15006 A Coruña, Spain; ¶Rheumatology Division, CIBER-BBN/ISCIII, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica A Coruña (INIBIC), XXIAC. University of A Coruña. Xubias de Arriba 84, 15006 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Maria Dolores Mayan
- From the ‡CellCOM Research Group. Instituto de Investigación Biomédica A Coruña (INIBIC), XXIAC, University of A Coruña. Xubias de Arriba 84, 15006 A Coruña, Spain;
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24
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Tabernero A, Gangoso E, Jaraíz-Rodríguez M, Medina JM. The role of connexin43-Src interaction in astrocytomas: A molecular puzzle. Neuroscience 2015; 323:183-94. [PMID: 25711938 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Revised: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Connexin43 (Cx43) as a building block of gap junction channels and hemichannels exerts important functions in astrocytes. When these cells acquire a malignant phenotype Cx43 protein but not mRNA levels are downregulated, being negligible in high-grade astrocytoma or glioblastoma multiforme, the most common and deadliest of malignant primary brain tumors in adults. Some microRNAs associated to glioma target Cx43 and could explain the lack of correlation between mRNA and protein levels of Cx43 found in some high-grade astrocytomas. More importantly, these microRNAs could be a promising therapeutic target. A great number of studies have confirmed the relationship between cancer and connexins that was proposed by Loewenstein more than 40years ago, but these studies have also revealed that this is a very complex relationship. Indeed, restoring Cx43 to glioma cells reduces their rate of proliferation and their tumorigenicity but this tumor suppressor effect could be counterbalanced by its effects on invasiveness, adhesion and migration. The mechanisms underlying these effects suggest the participation of a great variety of proteins that bind to different regions of Cx43. The present review focuses on an intrinsically disordered region of the C-terminal domain of Cx43 in which converges the interaction of several proteins, including the proto-oncogene Src. We summarize data that indicate that Cx43-Src interaction inhibits the oncogenic activity of Src and promotes a conformational change in the structure of Cx43 that allosterically modifies the binding to other important signaling proteins. As a consequence, crucial cell functions, such as proliferation or migration, could be strongly affected. We propose that the knowledge of the structural basis of the antitumorigenic effect of Cx43 on astrocytomas could help to design new therapies against this incurable disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Tabernero
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto de Neurociencias de Castilla y León (INCYL), Universidad de Salamanca, Spain.
| | - E Gangoso
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto de Neurociencias de Castilla y León (INCYL), Universidad de Salamanca, Spain
| | - M Jaraíz-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto de Neurociencias de Castilla y León (INCYL), Universidad de Salamanca, Spain
| | - J M Medina
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto de Neurociencias de Castilla y León (INCYL), Universidad de Salamanca, Spain
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25
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Wang WK, Chen MC, Leong HF, Kuo YL, Kuo CY, Lee CH. Connexin 43 suppresses tumor angiogenesis by down-regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor via hypoxic-induced factor-1α. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 16:439-51. [PMID: 25548899 PMCID: PMC4307255 DOI: 10.3390/ijms16010439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous work showed that connexin 43 (Cx43) reduced the expression of hypoxic-induced factor-1α (HIF-1α) in astrocytes. HIF-1α is a master transcription factor for angiogenesis in tumor. Angiogenesis is essential for tumor progression. Here, we investigated the role of Cx43 in vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) production and angiogenesis in murine tumor. In the study, mouse B16F10 and 4T1 cells were overexpressed or knockdown with Cx43. The expression profiles as well as activity of the treated cells were examined. Furthermore, reduced Cx43 expression in B16F10 and 4T1 cells causes increased expression of VEGF and enhanced the proliferation of endothelial cells. On the contrary, the expression of VEGF and the proliferation of endothelial were increased in the conditioned medium of Cx43-knockdown tumor cells. We subcutaneously transplanted Cx43-overexpressing B16F10 cells into mice to evaluate the roles of Cx43 in the tumor angiogenesis. Both tumor size and the number of vessels growing in the tumor were markedly decreased compare with control group. Our findings suggest that Cx43 inhibited tumor growth by reducing angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Kuang Wang
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Science, Feng Chia University, Taichung 40407, Taiwan.
| | - Man-Chin Chen
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40404, Taiwan.
| | - Hon-Fai Leong
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40404, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Liang Kuo
- School of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Chun-Yu Kuo
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40404, Taiwan.
| | - Che-Hsin Lee
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40404, Taiwan.
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26
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Signaling mechanism of protease activated receptor 1-induced proliferation of astrocytes: Stabilization of hypoxia inducible factor-1α triggers glucose metabolism and accumulation of cyclin D1. Neurochem Int 2014; 79:20-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2014.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Revised: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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27
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Garcia-Dorado D, Ruiz-Meana M, Rodríguez-Sinovas A. Connexin 43 phosphorylation in subsarcolemmal mitochondria: a general cardioprotective signal targeted by fibroblast growth factor-2? Cardiovasc Res 2014; 103:1-2. [PMID: 24835275 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvu129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- David Garcia-Dorado
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Cardiology Department, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Pg. Vall d'Hebron 119-129, Barcelona 08035, Spain
| | - Marisol Ruiz-Meana
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Cardiology Department, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Pg. Vall d'Hebron 119-129, Barcelona 08035, Spain
| | - Antonio Rodríguez-Sinovas
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Cardiology Department, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Pg. Vall d'Hebron 119-129, Barcelona 08035, Spain
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28
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Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Here, we review recent advances with regard to the role of Src kinase in the regulation of cytoskeleton organization, cell adhesion, and motility, focusing on redox circuitries engaging this kinase for anchorage and motility, control of cell survival to anoikis, as well as metabolic deregulation, all features belonging to the new hallmarks of cancer. RECENT ADVANCES Several recent insights have reported that, alongside the well-known phosphorylation/dephosphorylation control, cysteine oxidation is a further mechanism of enzyme activation for both c-Src kinase and its oncogenic counterparts. Indeed, mounting evidence portrays redox regulation of Src kinase as a compulsory outcome in growth factors/cytokines signaling, integrin engagement, motility and invasiveness of tissues, receptor cross-talking at plasmamembrane, as well as during carcinogenesis and progression toward tumor malignancy or fibrotic disease. In addition, the kinase is an upstream regulator of NADPH oxidase-driven oxidants, a critical step for invadopodia formation and metastatic spread. CRITICAL ISSUES Not satisfactorily unraveled yet, the exact role of Src kinase in redox cancer biology needs to be implemented with studies that are aimed at clarifying (i) the exact hierarchy between oxidants sources, Src redox-dependent activation and the regulation of cell motility, and (ii) the actual susceptibility of invading cells to redox-based treatments, owing to the well-recognized ability of cancer cells to find new strategies to adapt to new environments. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Once these critical issues are addressed, redox circuitries involving Src kinase should potentially be used as both biomarkers and targets for personalized therapies in the fight against cancer or fibrotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Giannoni
- 1 Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence , Florence, Italy
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Zhu H, Sun A, Zou Y, Ge J. Inducible metabolic adaptation promotes mesenchymal stem cell therapy for ischemia: a hypoxia-induced and glycogen-based energy prestorage strategy. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2014; 34:870-6. [PMID: 24558105 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.114.303194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Ischemic tissue is an environment with limited oxygen and nutrition availability. The poor retention of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) in ischemic tissues greatly limits their therapeutic potential. The aim of this study was to determine whether and how inducible metabolic adaptation enhances MSC survival and therapy under ischemia. APPROACH AND RESULTS MSC were subjected to glycogen synthase 1-specific small interfering RNA or vehicle treatment, and then sublethal hypoxic preconditioning (HP) was applied to induce glycogenesis. The treated cells were subjected to ischemic challenge. The results exhibited that HP of MSC induced glycogen storage and stimulated glycogen catabolism and cellular ATP production, thereby preserving cell viability in long-term ischemia. In vivo study using the mouse limb ischemia model transplanted with HP or control MSC into the ischemic thigh muscles revealed a significant increased retention of MSC with glycogen storage associated with improved limb salvage, perfusion recovery and angiogenesis in the ischemic muscles. In contrast, glycogen synthesis inhibition significantly abolished these improvements. Further molecular analysis indicated that phosphoinositide 3-kinase/AKT, hypoxia-inducible factor-1, and glycogen synthase kinase-3β regulated expression of glycogenesis genes, including glucose transporter 1, hexokinase, phosphoglucomutase 1, glycogen synthase 1, and glycogen phosphorylase, thereby regulating glycogen metabolism of stem cell during HP. CONCLUSIONS HP-induced glycogen storage improves MSC survival and therapy in ischemic tissues. Thus, inducible metabolic adaptation in stem cells may be considered as a novel strategy for potentiating stem cell therapy for ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongming Zhu
- From the Department of Cardiology and Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital (H.Z., A.S., Y.Z., J.G.) and The Institute of Biomedical Science (H.Z., A.S., Y.Z., J.G.), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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30
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Gangoso E, Thirant C, Chneiweiss H, Medina JM, Tabernero A. A cell-penetrating peptide based on the interaction between c-Src and connexin43 reverses glioma stem cell phenotype. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1023. [PMID: 24457967 PMCID: PMC4040690 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2013.560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2013] [Revised: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 12/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Connexin43 (Cx43), the main gap junction channel-forming protein in astrocytes, is downregulated in malignant gliomas. These tumors are composed of a heterogeneous population of cells that include many with stem-cell-like properties, called glioma stem cells (GSCs), which are highly tumorigenic and lack Cx43 expression. Interestingly, restoring Cx43 reverses GSC phenotype and consequently reduces their tumorigenicity. In this study, we investigated the mechanism by which Cx43 exerts its antitumorigenic effects on GSCs. We have focused on the tyrosine kinase c-Src, which interacts with the intracellular carboxy tail of Cx43. We found that Cx43 regulates c-Src activity and proliferation in human GSCs expanded in adherent culture. Thus, restoring Cx43 in GSCs inhibited c-Src activity, which in turn promoted the downregulation of the inhibitor of differentiation Id1. Id1 sustains stem cell phenotype as it controls the expression of Sox2, responsible for stem cell self-renewal, and promotes cadherin switching, which has been associated to epithelial–mesenchymal transition. Our results show that both the ectopic expression of Cx43 and the inhibition of c-Src reduced Id1, Sox2 expression and promoted the switch from N- to E-cadherin, suggesting that Cx43, by inhibiting c-Src, downregulates Id1 with the subsequent changes in stem cell phenotype. On the basis of this mechanism, we found that a cell-penetrating peptide, containing the region of Cx43 that interacts with c-Src, mimics the effect of Cx43 on GSC phenotype, confirming the relevance of the interaction between Cx43 and c-Src in the regulation of the malignant phenotype and pinpointing this interaction as a promising therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Gangoso
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto de Neurociencias de Castilla y León (INCYL), Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - C Thirant
- Laboratoire Plasticité Gliale, Centre de Psychiatrie et de Neuroscience-INSERM U894, Paris 75014, France
| | - H Chneiweiss
- Laboratoire Plasticité Gliale, Centre de Psychiatrie et de Neuroscience-INSERM U894, Paris 75014, France
| | - J M Medina
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto de Neurociencias de Castilla y León (INCYL), Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - A Tabernero
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto de Neurociencias de Castilla y León (INCYL), Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
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Ranno E, D'Antoni S, Spatuzza M, Berretta A, Laureanti F, Bonaccorso CM, Pellitteri R, Longone P, Spalloni A, Iyer AM, Aronica E, Catania MV. Endothelin-1 is over-expressed in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and induces motor neuron cell death. Neurobiol Dis 2014; 65:160-71. [PMID: 24423643 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2014.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2013] [Revised: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 01/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive loss of motor neurons (MNs) and astrogliosis. Recent evidence suggests that factors secreted by activated astrocytes might contribute to degeneration of MNs. We focused on endothelin-1 (ET-1), a peptide which is strongly up-regulated in reactive astrocytes under different pathological conditions. We show that ET-1 is abundantly expressed by reactive astrocytes in the spinal cord of the SOD1-G93A mouse model and sporadic ALS patients. To test if ET-1 might play a role in degeneration of MNs, we investigated its effect on MN survival in an in vitro model of mixed rat spinal cord cultures (MSCs) enriched of astrocytes exhibiting a reactive phenotype. ET-1 exerted a toxic effect on MNs in a time- and concentration-dependent manner, with an exposure to 100-200nM ET-1 for 48h resulting in 40-50% MN cell death. Importantly, ET-1 did not induce MN degeneration when administered on cultures treated with AraC (5μM) or grown in a serum-free medium that did not favor astrocyte proliferation and reactivity. We found that both ETA and ETB receptors are enriched in astrocytes in MSCs. The ET-1 toxic effect was mimicked by ET-3 (100nM) and sarafotoxin S6c (10nM), two selective agonists of endothelin-B receptors, and was not additive with that of ET-3 suggesting the involvement of ETB receptors. Surprisingly, however, the ET-1 effect persisted in the presence of the ETB receptor antagonist BQ-788 (200nM-2μM) and was slightly reversed by the ETA receptor antagonist BQ-123 (2μM), suggesting an atypical pharmacological profile of the astrocytic receptors responsible for ET-1 toxicity. The ET-1 effect was not undone by the ionotropic glutamate receptor AMPA antagonist GYKI 52466 (20μM), indicating that it is not caused by an increased glutamate release. Conversely, a 48-hour ET-1 treatment increased MN cell death induced by acute exposure to AMPA (50μM), which is indicative of two distinct pathways leading to neuronal death. Altogether these results indicate that ET-1 exerts a toxic effect on cultured MNs through mechanisms mediated by reactive astrocytes and suggest that ET-1 may contribute to MN degeneration in ALS. Thus, a treatment aimed at lowering ET-1 levels or antagonizing its effect might be envisaged as a potential therapeutic strategy to slow down MN degeneration in this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia Ranno
- Institute of Neurological Sciences, National Research Council (ISN-CNR), Catania, Italy; PhD Program in Neurobiology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Simona D'Antoni
- Institute of Neurological Sciences, National Research Council (ISN-CNR), Catania, Italy
| | - Michela Spatuzza
- Institute of Neurological Sciences, National Research Council (ISN-CNR), Catania, Italy
| | - Antonio Berretta
- Institute of Neurological Sciences, National Research Council (ISN-CNR), Catania, Italy
| | - Floriana Laureanti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Physiology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | | - Rosalia Pellitteri
- Institute of Neurological Sciences, National Research Council (ISN-CNR), Catania, Italy
| | - Patrizia Longone
- Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Experimental Neurology, Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Alida Spalloni
- Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Experimental Neurology, Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Anand M Iyer
- Department of (Neuro) Pathology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eleonora Aronica
- Department of (Neuro) Pathology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Center for Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maria Vincenza Catania
- Institute of Neurological Sciences, National Research Council (ISN-CNR), Catania, Italy; IRCCS Oasi Maria SS, Troina (EN), Italy.
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Kalakonda S, Nallar SC, Lindner DJ, Sun P, Lorenz RR, Lamarre E, Reddy SP, Kalvakolanu DV. GRIM-19 mutations fail to inhibit v-Src-induced oncogenesis. Oncogene 2013; 33:3195-204. [PMID: 23851499 PMCID: PMC3916943 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2012] [Revised: 04/25/2013] [Accepted: 04/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The non-receptor tyrosine kinase Src is a major player in multiple physiological responses including growth, survival and differentiation. Overexpression and/or oncogenic mutation in the Src gene have been documented in human tumors. The v-Src protein is an oncogenic mutant of Src, which promotes cell survival, migration, invasion and division. GRIM-19 is an anti-oncogene isolated using a genome-wide knockdown screen. GRIM-19 binds to transcription factor STAT3 and ablates its pro-oncogenic effects while v-Src activates STAT3 to promote its oncogenic effects. However, we found that GRIM-19 inhibits the pro-oncogenic effects of v-Src independently of STAT3. Here, we report the identification of functionally inactivating GRIM-19 mutations in a set of Head and Neck cancer patients. While wild-type GRIM-19 strongly ablated v-Src-induced cell migration, cytoskeletal remodeling and tumor metastasis, the tumor-derived mutants (L71P, L91P and A95T) did not. These mutants were also incapable of inhibiting the drug resistance of v-Src-transformed cells. v-Src down regulated the expression of Pag1, a lipid raft-associated inhibitor of Src, which was restored by wild-type GRIM-19. The tumor-derived mutant GRIM-19 proteins failed to upregulate Pag1. These studies show a novel mechanism that deregulates Src activity in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kalakonda
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Program in Oncology, Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - S C Nallar
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Program in Oncology, Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - P Sun
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Program in Oncology, Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - R R Lorenz
- Head & Neck Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - E Lamarre
- Head & Neck Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - S P Reddy
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - D V Kalvakolanu
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Program in Oncology, Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Xie X, Lan T, Chang X, Huang K, Huang J, Wang S, Chen C, Shen X, Liu P, Huang H. Connexin43 mediates NF-κB signalling activation induced by high glucose in GMCs: involvement of c-Src. Cell Commun Signal 2013; 11:38. [PMID: 23718910 PMCID: PMC3699363 DOI: 10.1186/1478-811x-11-38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2013] [Accepted: 05/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) signalling plays an important role in diabetic nephropathy. Altered expression of connexin43 (Cx43) has been found in kidneys of diabetic animals. The aim of the current study was to investigate the role of Cx43 in the activation of NF-κB induced by high glucose in glomerular mesangial cells (GMCs) and to determine whether c-Src is involved in this process. Results We found that downregulation of Cx43 expression induced by high glucose activated NF-κB in GMCs. Orverexpression of Cx43 attenuated NF-κB p65 nuclear translocation induced by high glucose. High glucose inhibited the interaction between Cx43 and c-Src, and enhanced the interaction between c-Src and IκB-α. PP2, a c-Src inhibitor, also inhibited the tyrosine phosphorylation of IκB-α and NF-κB p65 nuclear translocation induced by high glucose. Furthermore, overexpression of Cx43 or inhibition of c-Src attenuated the upregulation of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) and fibronectin (FN) expression induced by high glucose. Conclusions In conclusion, downregulation of Cx43 in GMCs induced by high glucose activates c-Src, which in turn promotes interaction between c-Src and IκB-α and contributes to NF-κB activation in GMCs, leading to renal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Xie
- Laboratory of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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Kim Y. Regulation of cell proliferation and migration in glioblastoma: new therapeutic approach. Front Oncol 2013; 3:53. [PMID: 23508546 PMCID: PMC3600576 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2013.00053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2012] [Accepted: 02/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most aggressive brain cancer with the poor survival rate. A microRNA, miR-451, and its downstream molecules, CAB39/LKB1/STRAD/AMPK, are known to play a critical role in regulating a biochemical balance between rapid proliferation and invasion in the presence of metabolic stress in microenvironment. We develop a novel multi-scale mathematical model where cell migration and proliferation are controlled through a core intracellular control system (miR-451-AMPK complex) in response to glucose availability and physical constraints in the microenvironment. Tumor cells are modeled individually and proliferation and migration of those cells are regulated by the intracellular dynamics and reaction-diffusion equations of concentrations of glucose, chemoattractant, extracellular matrix, and MMPs. The model predicts that invasion patterns and rapid growth of tumor cells after conventional surgery depend on biophysical properties of cells, dynamics of the core control system, and microenvironment as well as glucose injection methods. We developed a new type of therapeutic approach: effective injection of chemoattractant to bring invasive cells back to the surgical site after initial surgery, followed by glucose injection at the same location. The model suggests that a good combination of chemoattractant and glucose injection at appropriate time frames may lead to an effective therapeutic strategy of eradicating tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangjin Kim
- Department of Mathematics, Konkuk University Seoul, South Korea
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35
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Wei L, Dai Q, Zhou Y, Zou M, Li Z, Lu N, Guo Q. Oroxylin A sensitizes non-small cell lung cancer cells to anoikis via glucose-deprivation-like mechanisms: c-Src and hexokinase II. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2013; 1830:3835-45. [PMID: 23500080 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2013.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2012] [Revised: 03/05/2013] [Accepted: 03/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cellular metabolism, particularly glycolysis, is altered during the metastatic process and is highly associated with tumor progression and apoptosis resistance. Oroxylin A, a natural plant flavonoid, exhibits chemopreventive and therapeutic anti-inflammatory and anticancer potential. However, the anticancer effects of oroxylin A on non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) remain poorly understood. METHODS In vitro studies were performed using 2D and 3D conditions. The effects on anoikis-sensitization and glycolysis-inhibition of oroxylin A in human non-small cell lung cancer A549 cells were examined. In vivo murine lung metastasis experiments were utilized to assess the anti-metastatic capacity of oroxylin A. RESULTS ROS-mediated activation of c-Src following detachment caused anoikis resistance in A549 cells. Oroxylin A sensitized A549 cells to anoikis by inactivating the c-Src/AKT/HK II pathway in addition to inducing the dissociation of HK II from mitochondria. Prior to sensitizing A549 cells to anoikis, oroxylin A decreased the ATP level and inhibited glycolysis. Furthermore, oroxylin A inhibited lung metastasis of A549 cells in vivo in nude mice. CONCLUSIONS Oroxylin A sensitized anoikis, which underlies distinct glucose-deprivation-like mechanisms that involved c-Src and HK II. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The findings in this study indicated that oroxylin A could potentially be utilized in the development of improved metastatic cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libin Wei
- China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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Gangoso E, Ezan P, Valle-Casuso JC, Herrero-González S, Koulakoff A, Medina JM, Giaume C, Tabernero A. Reduced connexin43 expression correlates with c-Src activation, proliferation, and glucose uptake in reactive astrocytes after an excitotoxic insult. Glia 2012; 60:2040-9. [PMID: 22987484 DOI: 10.1002/glia.22418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2012] [Accepted: 08/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In diverse brain pathologies, astrocytes become reactive and undergo profound phenotypic changes. Connexin43 (Cx43), the main gap junction channel-forming protein in astrocytes, is one of the proteins modified in reactive astrocytes. Downregulation of Cx43 in cultured astrocytes activates c-Src, promotes proliferation, and increases the rate of glucose uptake; however, so far there have been no studies examining whether this cascade of events takes place in reactive astrocytes. In this work, we analyzed this pathway after a cortical lesion induced by a kainic acid injection. As previously described, astrocytes reacted to the lesion with an increase in glial fibrillary acidic protein and a decrease in Cx43 expression. Some of these reactive astrocytes proliferated, as estimated by bromodeoxyuridine incorporation and cyclins D1 and D3 upregulation. In addition, the expression of the glucose transporter GLUT-3 and the enzyme responsible for glucose phosphorylation, Type II hexokinase (Hx-2), were induced in reactive astrocytes, suggesting an increased glucose uptake. Previous in vitro studies reported that c-Src is the link between Cx43 and glucose uptake and proliferation in astrocytes. Here, we found that c-Src activity increased in the lesioned area. c-Src activation and Cx43 downregulation preceded the peak of Hx-2 and cyclin D3 expression, suggesting that c-Src could mediate the effect of Cx43 on glucose uptake and proliferation in reactive astrocytes after an excitotoxic insult. Interestingly, we identify c-Src, GLUT-3, and Hx-2 in the signaling mechanisms involved in the reaction of astroglia to injury. Altogether these data contribute to identify new therapeutical targets to enhance astrocyte neuroprotective activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ester Gangoso
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto de Neurociencias de Castilla y León (INCYL), Universidad de Salamanca, Spain
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