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Verma A, Holeyappa SA, Bansal N, Kaur VI. Efficacy of quercetin in ameliorating hypoxia-induced hematological and histopathological alterations in rohu Labeo rohita. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2024:10.1007/s10695-024-01329-2. [PMID: 38446317 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-024-01329-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Hypoxia, a major issue in aquatic ecosystems, in special reference to climate change, and exacerbated by anthropogenic activities. It is causing slow growth, disease outbreaks, and mortality in finfish and shellfish. Therefore, adaptation to lowering oxygen levels through supplementation of herbs or their extracts in diets is imperative. In this study, hypoxia was simulated in controlled conditions with quercetin-enriched diets. Quercetin is a plant pigment (flavonol) possessing anti-oxidant property and is present in vegetables, leaves, seeds, pulses, and fruits. The experiment was conducted on rohu Labeo rohita, which is most widely cultured in India. There were four treatments including T1 (Normoxia: > 5 ppm dissolved oxygen; DO2), T2 (hypoxia: 3-4 ppm DO2), T3 (hypoxia + 50 mg quercetin/kg diet), and T4 (hypoxia + 100 mg quercetin/kg diet). The study was conducted for 30 days, and water quality was measured regularly. The results revealed that the hematological parameters were negatively affected. The tissue micro-architecture illustrated the impairment through degeneration of neurons in the brain, increased pigmentation as melanosis in the kidney, increased thickness of primary lamellae in the gills, and dilatations of sinusoids in the liver in hypoxia groups, while quercetin-enriched diets improved the hematological and histomorphological parameters. The results confirm the utility of hematological and histopathological tools as biomarkers and reflect the possible threats of hypoxia on fish. In conclusion, quercetin in diets appeared to show resistance towards chronic hypoxia by restoring the structure and functions of the vital organs towards normalcy and could be recommended as a potential ameliorative agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arvind Verma
- Department of Aquatic Environment, College of Fisheries, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India, 141 004
| | - Shanthanagouda A Holeyappa
- Department of Aquatic Environment, College of Fisheries, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India, 141 004.
- Inland Fisheries Unit, Zonal Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Keladi Shivappa Nayaka University of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Navile, Shivamogga, Karnataka, India, 577 204.
| | - Neelam Bansal
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India, 141 004
| | - Vaneet Inder Kaur
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Fisheries, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India, 141 004
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MELANOCYTIC NEOPLASIA IN PANTHERA SPECIES: CLINICAL PRESENTATIONS, PATHOLOGIC FINDINGS AND RESPONSES TO TREATMENT. J Zoo Wildl Med 2023; 53:844-854. [PMID: 36640089 DOI: 10.1638/2021-0121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Neoplasia is a common cause of morbidity and mortality in captive nondomestic felids. Seven tigers (Panthera tigris), two African lions (Panthera leo), and two snow leopards (Panthera uncia) were diagnosed with melanocytic neoplasia (10 malignant melanomas, two benign melanocytomas) over a 20-yr period. Animals were 10-19 yr old and 5/7 tigers were phenotypically white. Malignant melanoma tumor location included skin (n = 4), oral mucosa (n = 2), nasal planum (n = 1), iris/uvea (n = 2), and lip margin (n = 1); melanocytomas were found in skin (n = 2). Metastasis to regional lymph nodes was seen at diagnosis in 3/7 melanoma cases. Thoracic radiography (n = 6) and/or computed tomography (n = 2) did not detect pulmonary metastasis at diagnosis but were useful for detection later in the disease course. Median survival time (MST) for all cases ranged from 1 mon - 40 mon. Seven cases with malignant melanoma underwent treatment, which included surgery, radiation therapy, and administration of the canine melanoma vaccine (Oncept®) or a combination of these treatments; MST was 5-40 mon for these cases. While multimodal therapy may provide an improved survival time, the majority of animals with malignant melanoma invariably died from neoplastic disease. Necropsy confirmed metastasis of malignant melanoma in 7/9 animals; sites included lung, liver, lymph node, kidney, mesentery, pleural cavity, heart, stomach, spleen, and adrenal gland. This case series describes the clinical and histologic findings of melanocytic neoplasia in nondomestic felids as well as multimodal treatment strategies incorporating the canine melanoma vaccine.
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Montuori E, Capalbo A, Lauritano C. Marine Compounds for Melanoma Treatment and Prevention. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810284. [PMID: 36142196 PMCID: PMC9499452 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is considered a multifactorial disease etiologically divided into melanomas related to sun exposure and those that are not, but also based on their mutational signatures, anatomic site, and epidemiology. The incidence of melanoma skin cancer has been increasing over the past decades with 132,000 cases occurring globally each year. Marine organisms have been shown to be an excellent source of natural compounds with possible bioactivities for human health applications. In this review, we report marine compounds from micro- and macro-organisms with activities in vitro and in vivo against melanoma, including the compound Marizomib, isolated from a marine bacterium, currently in phase III clinical trials for melanoma. When available, we also report active concentrations, cellular targets and mechanisms of action of the mentioned molecules. In addition, compounds used for UV protection and melanoma prevention from marine sources are discussed. This paper gives an overview of promising marine molecules which can be studied more deeply before clinical trials in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Montuori
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
- Department of Ecosustainable Marine Biotechnology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Via Acton 55, 80133 Napoli, Italy
| | - Anita Capalbo
- Department of Ecosustainable Marine Biotechnology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Via Acton 55, 80133 Napoli, Italy
| | - Chiara Lauritano
- Department of Ecosustainable Marine Biotechnology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Via Acton 55, 80133 Napoli, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0815833221
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Orós J, Priestnall SL, Suárez-Bonnet A. Histopathological description of iridophoromas resembling skin nodule syndrome in Siamese fighting fish Betta splendens. DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS 2022; 151:23-27. [PMID: 36047671 DOI: 10.3354/dao03686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Intensive breeding of the Siamese fighting fish Betta splendens, a species that inhabits marshlands in Thailand and other countries in south-east Asia, was traditionally focused on game fighting because the males are very territorial, but has evolved to become mainly devoted to ornamental purposes. Recently, a preliminarily named 'skin nodule syndrome' (SNS) has been described affecting this fish species in Thailand, with multiple bacterial infections suggested, including 4 species of Mycobacterium spp., although the etiology remains elusive. Here we describe the histopathological and immunohistochemical characteristics of 2 iridophoromas in 2 male Siamese fighting fish that strongly resemble the lesions described for SNS. Immunohistochemical analysis yielded negative results for Melan-A, PNL-2, and S-100, likely due to species-specific reasons. The results for molecular detection of mycobacterial DNA were also negative in both cases. The published histological lesions of SNS are very similar to the 4 chromatophoromas that have been reported affecting this species since 2015. Taken together with the present cases, we hypothesize that the preliminarily named SNS in fighting fish may be characterized as invasive chromatophoromas, although the true etiology remains to be elucidated and could include infectious and non-infectious causes. Further studies are necessary to examine whether commercial breeding of Siamese fighting fish has resulted in a possible genetic origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Orós
- Department of Morphology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35413 Arucas (Las Palmas), Spain
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Wen X, Yang M, Zhou K, Huang J, Fan X, Zhang W, Luo J. Transcriptomic and proteomic analyses reveal the common and unique pathway(s) underlying different skin colors of leopard coral grouper (Plectropomus leopardus). J Proteomics 2022; 266:104671. [PMID: 35788407 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2022.104671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
To gain a comprehensive and unbiased molecular understanding of the different skin colors of P. leopardus, we used Illumina HiSeq 2500 and TMT (Tandem Mass Tag) to compare transcription and protein levels between red and black skin of P. leopardus. We identified 797 upregulated and 314 downregulated genes (differentially expressed genes; DEGs) in red (RG) compared with black (BG) skin of P. leopardus. We also identified 377 differentially abundant proteins (DAPs), including 314 upregulated and 63 downregulated proteins. These DEGs and DAPs were significantly enriched in melanin synthesis (e.g., pyrimidine metabolism, Phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis, melanogenesis, phenylalanine metabolism, and tyrosine metabolism), oxidative phosphorylation (e.g., phosphonate and phosphinate metabolism, and oxidative phosphorylation), energy metabolism (e.g., HIF-1, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, fatty acid biosynthesis, and fatty acid degradation), and signal transduction (e.g., Wnt, calcium, MAPK, and cGMP-PKG signaling pathways), etc. Further analysis of MAPKs showed that the activation levels of its main members JNK1 and ERK1/2 differed significantly between red and black skin colors. After RNAi was used to interfere with ERK1/2, it was found that the local skin of the tail of P. leopardus would turn black. Combined transcriptome and proteome analysis showed that most DEGs-DAPs in red skin were higher than in black skin (58 were upregulated, 1 was downregulated, and 4 were opposite). These DEGs-DAPs showed that the differences between red and black skin tissues of P. leopardus were related primarily to energy metabolism, signal transduction and cytoskeleton. These findings are not only conducive to understand the skin color regulation mechanism of P. leopardus and other coral reef fish, but also provide an important descriptive to the breeding of color strains. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY: The skin color of P. leopardus gradually darkens or blackens due to environmental factors such as changes in light intensity and human activities, and this directly affects its ornamental and economic value. In this study, RNAseq and TMT were used to conduct comparative quantitative transcriptomics and proteomics and analyze differences between red and black P. leopardus skin. The results showed that energy metabolism, signal transduction and cytoskeleton were the main metabolic pathways causing their skin color differences. These findings contribute to existing data describing fish skin color, and provide information about protein levels, which are of great significance to a deeper understanding of the skin color regulation mechanism in P. leopardus and other coral reef fishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan Aquaculture Breeding Engineering Research Center, Hainan Academician Team Innovation Center, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
| | - Min Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan Aquaculture Breeding Engineering Research Center, Hainan Academician Team Innovation Center, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Kexin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan Aquaculture Breeding Engineering Research Center, Hainan Academician Team Innovation Center, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Jie Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan Aquaculture Breeding Engineering Research Center, Hainan Academician Team Innovation Center, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Xin Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan Aquaculture Breeding Engineering Research Center, Hainan Academician Team Innovation Center, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan Aquaculture Breeding Engineering Research Center, Hainan Academician Team Innovation Center, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Jian Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan Aquaculture Breeding Engineering Research Center, Hainan Academician Team Innovation Center, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
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Henard C, Saraiva MR, Ściślak ME, Ruba T, McLaggan D, Noguera P, van West P. Can Ulcerative Dermal Necrosis (UDN) in Atlantic salmon be attributed to ultraviolet radiation and secondary Saprolegnia parasitica infections? FUNGAL BIOL REV 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbr.2022.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Gular Cutaneous Fibrosarcoma and Anatomophysiological Considerations for Anaesthesia in a Saddled Bichir, Polypterus endlicheri endlicheri. Case Rep Vet Med 2022; 2022:2199005. [PMID: 35083092 PMCID: PMC8786526 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2199005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bichirs (Polypterus spp.) have frequently been studied with regard to comparative and developmental anatomy; however, very little information has been published regarding diseases, aging changes, and medical and surgical management in these species. Neoplasia represents one such example of conditions for which a dearth of information in these species exists. There has been increasing recognition of various types of neoplasms, including cutaneous tumors, particularly in ornamental fish; some of which may be related to environmental or to infectious causes. When excision of such tumors is indicated, surgical anaesthesia is required. However, special considerations may be warranted when employing immersion anaesthesia protocols in facultative air-breathing fish that can utilise the lungs for respiration. This anatomophysiological feature of Polypterus spp. may not only influence induction and maintenance of surgical anaesthesia but may theoretically have implications for drowning. Herein, we describe the management of a case of a rapidly growing gular neoplasm in a juvenile saddled bichir and considerations for surgical anaesthesia in this “lunged” species. Induction and maintenance of surgical anaesthesia using tricaine methanesulfonate (MS-222) in this species were found to be effective at significantly lower concentrations than standard recommended doses. Histopathological analysis identified the mass as a fibrosarcoma. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a cutaneous fibrosarcoma in a bichir, representing the first report of neoplasia in Polypterus spp. and the first description of surgical anaesthesia in this amphibious fish.
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Natterson-Horowitz B, Reynolds A. Beyond the Laboratory: Emerging Landscape of Animal Studies - the Influence of National Academies of Sciences Activities and Publications. ILAR J 2021; 62:310-313. [PMID: 36408937 DOI: 10.1093/ilar/ilac010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Natterson-Horowitz
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Division of Cardiology, University of Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Amelia Reynolds
- Marine Ecology and Organismal Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
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Armando F, Pigoli C, Gambini M, Ghidelli A, Ghisleni G, Corradi A, Passeri B, Caniatti M, Grieco V, Baumgärtner W, Puff C. Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumors Resembling Human Atypical Neurofibroma in Goldfish ( Carassius auratus, Linnaeus, 1758). Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11092621. [PMID: 34573587 PMCID: PMC8467327 DOI: 10.3390/ani11092621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In animals, especially in fish, dermal neoplasms are a common finding. A distinction between peripheral nerve sheath tumors (PNSTs) and other spindle cell tumors (SCTs) is not always possible when relying exclusively on routine cytological and histopathological findings. The current study aims to determine a minimal subset of stains required to correctly identify PNSTs in goldfish and describes, in detail, six dermal nodules that resemble atypical neurofibroma in humans. Interestingly, muscular and fibroblastic tumors were excluded using Azan trichrome staining, while Alcian blue and Gomori’s reticulin stains revealed the presence of intratumoral areas of mucins and basement membrane fragments, respectively. In addition, PAS and PAS with diastase pretreatment confirmed the latter finding and revealed intra- and extracellular glycogen granules. Immunohistochemistry displayed reactivity for S100 protein, CNPase, and phosphorylated and non-phosphorylated neurofilament-positive axons. Altogether, these findings suggested that Azan trichrome staining, Gomori’s reticulin staining, and immunohistochemistry for S100 protein and CNPase represent a useful set of stains to identify and characterize PNSTs in goldfish. Abstract Skin spindle cell tumors (SSTs) frequently occur in fishes, with peripheral nerve sheath tumors (PNSTs) being the most commonly reported neoplasms in goldfish. However, distinguishing PNSTs from other SCTs is not always possible when relying exclusively on routine cytological and histopathological findings. Therefore, the aim of this study is to characterize six skin nodules, resembling atypical neurofibromas in humans, found in six cohabiting goldfish (Carassius auratus), and to determine a minimal subset of special stains required to correctly identify PNSTs in this species. Routine cytology and histopathology were indicative of an SCT with nuclear atypia in all cases, with randomly distributed areas of hypercellularity and loss of neurofibroma architecture. Muscular and fibroblastic tumors were excluded using Azan trichrome staining. Alcian blue and Gomori’s reticulin stains revealed the presence of intratumoral areas of glycosaminoglycans or mucins and basement membrane fragments, respectively. PAS and PAS–diastase stains confirmed the latter finding and revealed intra- and extracellular glycogen granules. Immunohistochemistry displayed multifocal, randomly distributed aggregates of neoplastic cells positive for S100 protein and CNPase, intermingled with phosphorylated and non-phosphorylated neurofilament-positive axons. Collectively, these findings are consistent with a PNST resembling atypical neurofibroma in humans, an entity not previously reported in goldfish, and suggest that Azan trichrome staining, reticulin staining, and immunohistochemistry for S100 protein and CNPase represent a useful set of special stains to identify and characterize PNSTs in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Armando
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (F.A.); (M.G.); (C.P.)
- Pathology Unit, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Parma, Strada del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy; (A.C.); (B.P.)
| | - Claudio Pigoli
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria (DIMEVET), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (C.P.); (G.G.); (M.C.); (V.G.)
- Laboratorio di Istologia, Sede Territoriale di Milano, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia-Romagna (IZSLER), 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Matteo Gambini
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (F.A.); (M.G.); (C.P.)
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria (DIMEVET), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (C.P.); (G.G.); (M.C.); (V.G.)
| | - Andrea Ghidelli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Parma, Strada del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy;
| | - Gabriele Ghisleni
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria (DIMEVET), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (C.P.); (G.G.); (M.C.); (V.G.)
- Biessea Laboratorio Analisi Veterinarie, Via Amedeo D’Aosta 7, 20129 Milano, Italy
| | - Attilio Corradi
- Pathology Unit, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Parma, Strada del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy; (A.C.); (B.P.)
| | - Benedetta Passeri
- Pathology Unit, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Parma, Strada del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy; (A.C.); (B.P.)
| | - Mario Caniatti
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria (DIMEVET), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (C.P.); (G.G.); (M.C.); (V.G.)
| | - Valeria Grieco
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria (DIMEVET), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (C.P.); (G.G.); (M.C.); (V.G.)
| | - Wolfgang Baumgärtner
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (F.A.); (M.G.); (C.P.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Christina Puff
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (F.A.); (M.G.); (C.P.)
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Boutry J, Dujon AM, Gerard AL, Tissot S, Macdonald N, Schultz A, Biro PA, Beckmann C, Hamede R, Hamilton DG, Giraudeau M, Ujvari B, Thomas F. Ecological and Evolutionary Consequences of Anticancer Adaptations. iScience 2020; 23:101716. [PMID: 33241195 PMCID: PMC7674277 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular cheating leading to cancers exists in all branches of multicellular life, favoring the evolution of adaptations to avoid or suppress malignant progression, and/or to alleviate its fitness consequences. Ecologists have until recently largely neglected the importance of cancer cells for animal ecology, presumably because they did not consider either the potential ecological or evolutionary consequences of anticancer adaptations. Here, we review the diverse ways in which the evolution of anticancer adaptations has significantly constrained several aspects of the evolutionary ecology of multicellular organisms at the cell, individual, population, species, and ecosystem levels and suggest some avenues for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine Boutry
- CREEC/CANECEV (CREES), MIVEGEC, Unité Mixte de Recherches, IRD 224–CNRS 5290–Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Antoine M. Dujon
- CREEC/CANECEV (CREES), MIVEGEC, Unité Mixte de Recherches, IRD 224–CNRS 5290–Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC, Australia France
| | - Anne-Lise Gerard
- CREEC/CANECEV (CREES), MIVEGEC, Unité Mixte de Recherches, IRD 224–CNRS 5290–Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Sophie Tissot
- CREEC/CANECEV (CREES), MIVEGEC, Unité Mixte de Recherches, IRD 224–CNRS 5290–Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Nick Macdonald
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC, Australia France
| | - Aaron Schultz
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC, Australia France
| | - Peter A. Biro
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC, Australia France
| | - Christa Beckmann
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC, Australia France
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Parramatta, NSW, Australia
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Rodrigo Hamede
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - David G. Hamilton
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Mathieu Giraudeau
- CREEC/CANECEV (CREES), MIVEGEC, Unité Mixte de Recherches, IRD 224–CNRS 5290–Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Beata Ujvari
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC, Australia France
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Frédéric Thomas
- CREEC/CANECEV (CREES), MIVEGEC, Unité Mixte de Recherches, IRD 224–CNRS 5290–Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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Ogunsuyi OM, Adegoye EO, Ogunsuyi OI, Alabi OA, Alimba CG, Bakare AA. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles-induced cytogenotoxicity and alterations in haematological indices of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822). Toxicol Ind Health 2020; 36:807-815. [PMID: 32812516 DOI: 10.1177/0748233720948682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The application of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles (NPs) in the manufacturing of consumer products has increased tremendously and with the potential to induce deleterious effects on aquatic biota. There have been reports on metal oxide NP toxicity in aquatic organisms, however, information on cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of TiO2 NPs on the African catfish, Clarias gariepinus, is scarce. In this study, we investigated the genotoxicity and haematotoxicity of TiO2 NPs in C. gariepinus using the micronucleus (MN) assay and haematological analysis, respectively. Juvenile C. gariepinus were exposed to 6.25, 12.5, 25.0, 50.0 and 100.0 mg L-1 concentrations of TiO2 NPs for 7 and 28 days. Benzene (0.05 mL L-1) and dechlorinated tap water were used as positive and negative controls, respectively. Data of the MN showed a significant (p < 0.05) concentration-dependent increase in the frequency of MN at both exposure periods in comparison to negative control. Red blood cells, haematocrit, platelets and heterophils significantly reduced with an increased mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration and lymphocytes at the 7-day exposure period, while in the 28-day exposure period, mean cell volume, mean corpuscular haemoglobin and lymphocytes had a significant increase in comparison with the negative control. This study indicates that TiO2 NPs induced cytogenetic and haematological alterations in C. gariepinus and is of relevance in biodiversity and aquatic health management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Opeoluwa M Ogunsuyi
- Department of Zoology, Cell Biology and Genetics Unit, 70670University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Elizabeth O Adegoye
- Department of Zoology, Cell Biology and Genetics Unit, 70670University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Olusegun I Ogunsuyi
- Department of Biological Sciences, 217920Mountain Top University, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Okunola A Alabi
- Department of Biology, 107738Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria
| | - Chibuisi G Alimba
- Department of Zoology, Cell Biology and Genetics Unit, 70670University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Adekunle A Bakare
- Department of Zoology, Cell Biology and Genetics Unit, 70670University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
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van der Weyden L, Brenn T, Patton EE, Wood GA, Adams DJ. Spontaneously occurring melanoma in animals and their relevance to human melanoma. J Pathol 2020; 252:4-21. [PMID: 32652526 PMCID: PMC7497193 DOI: 10.1002/path.5505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In contrast to other cancer types, melanoma incidence has been increasing over the last 50 years, and while it still represents less than 5% of all cutaneous malignancies, melanoma accounts for the majority of skin cancer deaths, due to its propensity to metastasise. Whilst melanoma most commonly affects the skin, it can also arise in mucosal surfaces, the eye, and the brain. For new therapies to be developed, a better understanding of the genetic landscape, signalling pathways, and tumour–microenvironmental interactions is needed. This is where animal models are of critical importance. The mouse is the foremost used model of human melanoma. Arguably this is due to its plethora of benefits as a laboratory animal; however, it is important to note that unlike humans, melanocytes are not present at the dermal–epidermal junction in mice and mice do not develop melanoma without genetic manipulation. In contrast, there are numerous reports of animals that spontaneously develop melanoma, ranging from sharks and parrots to hippos and monkeys. In addition, several domesticated and laboratory‐bred animals spontaneously develop melanoma or UV‐induced melanoma, specifically, fish, opossums, pigs, horses, cats, and dogs. In this review, we look at spontaneously occurring animal ‘models’ of melanoma and discuss their relevance to the different types of melanoma found in humans. © 2020 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland..
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas Brenn
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AL, Canada
| | - E Elizabeth Patton
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, The MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Geoffrey A Wood
- Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - David J Adams
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
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13
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Blazer VS, Young KT, Smith GD, Sperry AJ, Iwanowicz LR. Hyperpigmented melanistic skin lesions of smallmouth bass Micropterus dolomieu from the Chesapeake Bay watershed. DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS 2020; 139:199-212. [PMID: 32495746 DOI: 10.3354/dao03480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Hyperpigmented melanistic skin lesions (HPMLs) of smallmouth bass Micropterus dolomieu are observed in the Potomac and Susquehanna rivers, Chesapeake Bay watershed, USA. Routine, nonlethal population surveys were conducted at 8 sites on the mainstem Susquehanna River and 9 on the Juniata River, a tributary of the Susquehanna River, between 2012 and 2018, and the prevalence of HPMLs was documented. A total of 4078 smallmouth bass were collected from the mainstem Susquehanna River and 6478 from the Juniata River. Lesions were primarily seen in bass greater than 200 mm, and prevalence in the Susquehanna River (8%) was higher (p < 0.001) than in the Juniata River (2%). As part of ongoing fish health monitoring projects, smallmouth bass were collected at additional sites, primarily tributaries of the Susquehanna (n = 758) and Potomac (n = 545) rivers between 2013 and 2018. Prevalence in the Susquehanna River (13%) was higher (p < 0.001) than the Potomac (3%). Microscopically, HPMLs were characterized by an increased number of melanocytes in the epidermis or within the dermis and epidermis. RNAseq analyses of normal and melanistic skin identified 3 unique sequences in HPMLs. Two were unidentified and the third was a viral helicase (E1). Transcript abundance in 16 normal skin samples and 16 HPMLs showed upregulation of genes associated with melanogenesis and cell proliferation in HPMLs. The E1 transcript was detected in 12 of the 16 melanistic areas but in no samples from normal skin. Further research will be necessary to identify the putative new virus and determine its role in melanocyte proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicki S Blazer
- US Geological Survey, National Fish Health Research Laboratory, Leetown Science Center, Kearneysville, WV 25430, USA
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14
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Vergneau-Grosset C, Péron F. Effect of ultraviolet radiation on vertebrate animals: update from ethological and medical perspectives. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2020; 19:752-762. [PMID: 33856678 DOI: 10.1039/c9pp00488b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Many animals under human care are kept indoors to prevent infectious diseases vectored by wildlife, facilitate environment control, or due to the lifestyle of their owners. However, ultraviolet radiation has documented effects on animal vision, vitamin synthesis, immunity, behavior, psychogenic disorders and on their environment. Ultraviolet-emitting lights are commercially available and the documentation of their effect on indoor-housed animals is increasing. This article reviews published information about ultraviolet effects in vertebrate animals from veterinary and ethological perspectives, and techniques used to assess ultraviolet exposure across animal taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Vergneau-Grosset
- Department of Clinical sciences, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, 3200 rue Sicotte, J2S 2 M2, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada.
| | - Franck Péron
- 15 Rue de la Johardière, 44 800, Saint-Herblain, France
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15
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Blazer VS, Shaw CH, Smith CR, Emerson P, Jones T. Malignant melanoma of brown bullhead (Ameiurus nebulosus) in Lake Memphremagog, Vermont/Quebec. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2020; 43:91-100. [PMID: 31724204 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In 2012, brown bullhead (Ameiurus nebulosus) with large, raised, black growths were first reported from multiple areas within the Vermont portion of Lake Memphremagog. Subsequent surveys conducted from 2014 to 2017 at two sites within the lake indicated a prevalence of 30% in adult brown bullhead 200 mm and above total length. These lesions ranged from slightly raised smooth black areas to large nodular areas on the body surface and fins and within the oral cavity. Microscopically, these lesions were determined to be malignant melanoma with invasion into surrounding hypodermis, skeletal muscle and bone as well as metastases to gill, ovary and intestine. Liver neoplasms were also observed in 8% of the bullhead collected from Lake Memphremagog in 2015. Neither skin nor liver neoplasms were noted in Ticklenaked Pond, a site used for comparison.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicki S Blazer
- National Fish Health Research Laboratory, U.S. Geological Survey Leetown Science Center, Kearneysville, WV, USA
| | - Cassidy H Shaw
- Vermont Fish and Wildlife Department, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Cheyenne R Smith
- Division of Forestry and Natural Resources, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Peter Emerson
- Vermont Fish and Wildlife Department, St. Johnsbury, VT, USA
| | - Thomas Jones
- Vermont Fish and Wildlife Department, Montpelier, VT, USA
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16
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Breen M, Anders N, Humborstad OB, Nilsson J, Tenningen M, Vold A. Catch Welfare in Commercial Fisheries. Anim Welf 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-41675-1_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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17
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Bright Green Biofluorescence in Sharks Derives from Bromo-Kynurenine Metabolism. iScience 2019; 19:1291-1336. [PMID: 31402257 PMCID: PMC6831821 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although in recent years there has been an increased awareness of the widespread nature of biofluorescence in the marine environment, the diversity of the molecules responsible for this luminescent phenotype has been mostly limited to green fluorescent proteins (GFPs), GFP-like proteins, and fluorescent fatty acid-binding proteins (FABPs). In the present study, we describe a previously undescribed group of brominated tryptophan-kynurenine small molecule metabolites responsible for the green biofluorescence in two species of sharks and provide their structural, antimicrobial, and spectral characterization. Multi-scale fluorescence microscopy studies guided the discovery of metabolites that were differentially produced in fluorescent versus non-fluorescent skin, as well as the species-specific structural details of their unusual light-guiding denticles. Overall, this study provides the detailed description of a family of small molecules responsible for marine biofluorescence and opens new questions related to their roles in central nervous system signaling, resilience to microbial infections, and photoprotection. We describe a new form of biofluorescence from the skin of catsharks Bromo-tryptophan-kynurenines are biofluorescent and show antimicrobial activities Specific dermal denticles in the chain catshark act as optical light-guides This study opens questions related to biological function of shark fluorescence
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18
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Iaria C, Ieni A, Corti I, Puleio R, Brachelente C, Mazzullo G, Lanteri G. Immunohistochemical Study of Four Fish Tumors. JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH 2019; 31:97-106. [PMID: 30554413 DOI: 10.1002/aah.10058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The present study supports the usefulness of ancillary techniques, such as immunohistochemistry, as a valid diagnostic tool in the field of fish oncology. The immunohistochemical patterns observed in four neoplasms on four individual teleosts belonging to different species are described. Cytokeratin, vimentin, actin, S100, calretinin, and Melan-A antibodies were used. Diagnoses of papilloma in a Bream Abramis brama, fibroma in a Sand Steenbras Lithognathus mormyrus, schwannoma in a Crucian Carp Carassius carassius, and melanoma in a spontaneously inbred Xiphophorus hybrid were made. Diagnosis of tumors in fish is not always easy to carry out, and the tool provided by antibodies used on mammalian tissue is essential for obtaining definitive, unambiguous, and inexpensive identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Iaria
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Sciences, via F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, University of Messina, 98165, Messina, Italy
| | - A Ieni
- Department of Human Pathology of Adulthood and Childhood "Gaetano Barresi", Section of Pathology, University of Messina, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico "G. Martino", 98125, Messina, Italy
| | - I Corti
- Veterinary Consultant, ATS Insubria, Via Rossi 9, 21100, Varese, Italy
| | - R Puleio
- Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Sicily, via G. Marinuzzi 3, 90129, Palermo, Italy
| | - C Brachelente
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, via S. Costanzo 4, 06126, Perugia, Italy
| | - G Mazzullo
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Polo Universitario dell'Annunziata, University of Messina, 98168, Messina, Italy
| | - G Lanteri
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Polo Universitario dell'Annunziata, University of Messina, 98168, Messina, Italy
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19
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Pohly AE, Burnley V, Camus AC, Rissi DR. Pathology in Practice. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2018; 252:63-65. [PMID: 29244605 DOI: 10.2460/javma.252.1.63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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20
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van Rooijen E, Fazio M, Zon LI. From fish bowl to bedside: The power of zebrafish to unravel melanoma pathogenesis and discover new therapeutics. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2017; 30:402-412. [PMID: 28379616 PMCID: PMC6038924 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma is the most aggressive and deadliest form of skin cancer. A detailed knowledge of the cellular, molecular, and genetic events underlying melanoma progression is highly relevant to diagnosis, prognosis and risk stratification, and the development of new therapies. In the last decade, zebrafish have emerged as a valuable model system for the study of melanoma. Pathway conservation, coupled with the availability of robust genetic, transgenic, and chemical tools, has made the zebrafish a powerful model for identifying novel disease genes, visualizing cancer initiation, interrogating tumor-microenvironment interactions, and discovering new therapeutics that regulate melanocyte and melanoma development. In this review, we will give an overview of these studies, and highlight recent advancements that will help unravel melanoma pathogenesis and impact human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen van Rooijen
- Stem Cell Program and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Maurizio Fazio
- Stem Cell Program and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- PhD program in Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Leonard I. Zon
- Stem Cell Program and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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21
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Abou Asa S. Immunohistochemical Expression of MCAM/CD146 in Canine Melanoma. J Comp Pathol 2017; 157:27-33. [PMID: 28735667 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 04/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
MCAM/CD146 (melanoma cell adhesion molecule/CD146) is a transmembrane immunoglobulin superfamily cell adhesion molecule involved in transendothelial migration and signal transduction. It is expressed in melanoma, squamous cell carcinoma, prostatic, ovarian, cervical and endometrial cancers and promotes tumour growth, angiogenesis and metastasis. Melanoma is the most common malignant oral tumour of dogs and also arises in the skin, nail bed and footpad. The aim of this study was to investigate the immunohistochemical expression of MCAM/CD146 in 51 canine melanomas, including oral, cutaneous and ocular tumours. Seventeen of the 51 (33.3%) cases were negative, eight (15.7%) were weakly positive, seven (13.7%) were moderately positive and 19 (37.3%) were strongly positive. MCAM/CD146 was expressed by both oral and cutaneous melanomas; however, the intensity and the extent of the immunoreactivity was higher in oral (P = 0.009) than in cutaneous tumours (P = 0.058). Most ocular melanomas did not express MCAM/CD146 (P = 0.256). Expression of MCAM/CD146 by canine melanomas may suggest the molecule as a target for treatment, especially in oral melanomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Abou Asa
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan; Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafr ElSheikh University, Egypt.
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22
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Vergneau-Grosset C, Nadeau ME, Groff JM. Fish Oncology: Diseases, Diagnostics, and Therapeutics. Vet Clin North Am Exot Anim Pract 2017; 20:21-56. [PMID: 27890290 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvex.2016.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The scientific literature contains a wealth of information concerning spontaneous fish neoplasms, although ornamental fish oncology is still in its infancy. The occurrence of fish neoplasms has often been associated with oncogenic viruses and environmental insults, making them useful markers for environmental contaminants. The use of fish, including zebrafish, as models of human carcinogenesis has been developed and knowledge gained from these models may also be applied to ornamental fish, although more studies are required. This review summarizes information available about fish oncology pertaining to veterinary clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Vergneau-Grosset
- Centre Hospitalier Vétérinaire Universitaire, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, 3200 rue Sicotte, Saint-Hyacinthe J2S 2M2, Quebec, Canada; Aquarium du Québec, 1675 Avenue des Hôtels, Ville de Québec, QC G1W 4S3, Canada.
| | - Marie-Eve Nadeau
- Centre Hospitalier Vétérinaire Universitaire, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, 3200 rue Sicotte, Saint-Hyacinthe J2S 2M2, Quebec, Canada
| | - Joseph M Groff
- William R. Pritchard Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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23
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Madsen T, Arnal A, Vittecoq M, Bernex F, Abadie J, Labrut S, Garcia D, Faugère D, Lemberger K, Beckmann C, Roche B, Thomas F, Ujvari B. Cancer Prevalence and Etiology in Wild and Captive Animals. ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION OF CANCER 2017. [PMCID: PMC7149733 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-804310-3.00002-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Neoplasia has been recorded in the vast majority of metazoans. The frequent occurrence of cancer in multicellular organisms suggests that neoplasia, similar to pathogens/parasites, may have a significant negative impact on host fitness in the wild. This is supported by the fact that wildlife cancers have recently been shown to result in significantly increased levels of mortality and concomitant reduction in fitness. By thorough searches of the available literature we provide a comprehensive and an updated list of cancer prevalence and etiology in the wild. We were, however, unable to find data on nontransmissible cancer prevalence in invertebrates and consequently this chapter focuses on cancer in wild vertebrates. Although single cases of cancer are frequently encountered in the wildlife, we were only able to retrieve robust data on cancer prevalence for 31 vertebrate species (12 fish, 3 amphibians, 2 reptiles, 2 birds, and 12 mammals). Cancer prevalence among these vertebrates ranged from as low as 0.2% observed in Canada geese (Branta canadensis) to more than 50% recorded in both Santa Catalina Island foxes (Urocyon littoralis catalinae) and Cape mountain zebras (Equus zebra zebra). The high prevalence recorded in some vertebrates strongly suggests that cancer in wildlife may indeed carry significant fitness costs. In spite of this, the low number of published comprehensive studies clearly shows that so far cancer in wildlife has received insufficient attention by biologists. We hope that this chapter will act as a catalyst for further studies focusing on the impact of cancer in wild animals. The chapter additionally compares cancer recorded in French zoological parks to those obtained at other zoological parks. Finally, we provide an updated list of cancer recorded as single cases in the wild, as well as in captive animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Madsen
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia,Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Audrey Arnal
- MIVEGEC (Infectious Diseases and Vectors: Ecology, Genetics, Evolution and Control), UMR IRD/CNRS/UM 5290, Montpellier, France,CREEC (Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Research on Cancer), Montpellier, France
| | - Marion Vittecoq
- MIVEGEC (Infectious Diseases and Vectors: Ecology, Genetics, Evolution and Control), UMR IRD/CNRS/UM 5290, Montpellier, France,CREEC (Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Research on Cancer), Montpellier, France,Research Center of the Tour du Valat, Arles, France
| | - Florence Bernex
- CREEC (Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Research on Cancer), Montpellier, France,Montpellier University, Montpellier, France,RHEM, IRCM, Institute of Cancer Research Montpellier, INSERM, Montpellier, France,ICM Regional Cancer Institute of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | | | | | - Déborah Garcia
- MIVEGEC (Infectious Diseases and Vectors: Ecology, Genetics, Evolution and Control), UMR IRD/CNRS/UM 5290, Montpellier, France,CREEC (Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Research on Cancer), Montpellier, France
| | - Dominique Faugère
- MIVEGEC (Infectious Diseases and Vectors: Ecology, Genetics, Evolution and Control), UMR IRD/CNRS/UM 5290, Montpellier, France,CREEC (Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Research on Cancer), Montpellier, France
| | | | - Christa Beckmann
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Benjamin Roche
- MIVEGEC (Infectious Diseases and Vectors: Ecology, Genetics, Evolution and Control), UMR IRD/CNRS/UM 5290, Montpellier, France,CREEC (Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Research on Cancer), Montpellier, France,UMMISCO (International Center for Mathematical and Computational Modeling of Complex Systems), UMI IRD/UPMC UMMISCO, Bondy, France
| | - Frédéric Thomas
- MIVEGEC (Infectious Diseases and Vectors: Ecology, Genetics, Evolution and Control), UMR IRD/CNRS/UM 5290, Montpellier, France,CREEC (Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Research on Cancer), Montpellier, France
| | - Beata Ujvari
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
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24
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Teas J, Irhimeh MR. Melanoma and brown seaweed: an integrative hypothesis. JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYCOLOGY 2017; 29:941-948. [PMID: 28458463 PMCID: PMC5387006 DOI: 10.1007/s10811-016-0979-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Revised: 10/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/02/2016] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Although relatively rare, melanoma accounts for 2 % of cancer diagnoses globally and accounts for about 1 % of all cancer deaths. Worldwide, the annual incidence of melanoma is 272,000 cases which vary hugely, ranging from Japan where it is incredibly infrequent, to Queensland, Australia, where it is nearly 100 times higher. Based on epidemiology and laboratory studies, there is compelling evidence suggesting that seaweed might be protective against different types of cancers such as breast cancer in seaweed consuming populations. By comparing countries where melanoma is more common with countries where it is infrequent, it is possible to construct a hypothesis for how consuming brown seaweeds which may hold clues to the differences in melanoma susceptibility between Japanese and Western nations. Unlike in these other countries, where melanoma incidence has increased dramatically over the last two decades, in Japan, rates have remained remarkably low and stable. There is limited evidence from clinical studies and animal models that have used whole seaweed or isolated fractions from seaweed and measured changes in biomarkers. They have demonstrated the effectiveness of seaweed at inhibiting melanoma development and progression. In this review, the various results will be described. Although there are several effective fractions, it is proposed that consuming whole seaweeds may hold additional benefits that could be lost by consuming only a single extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Teas
- Thomas Cooper Library Fellow, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA
| | - Mohammad R. Irhimeh
- Cell and Tissue Therapies Western Australia, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, WA 6000 Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Perth, WA 6009 Australia
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25
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Morales-Guerrero B, Barragán-Vargas C, Silva-Rosales GR, Ortega-Ortiz CD, Gendron D, Martinez-Levasseur LM, Acevedo-Whitehouse K. Melanin granules melanophages and a fully-melanized epidermis are common traits of odontocete and mysticete cetaceans. Vet Dermatol 2016; 28:213-e50. [PMID: 27943433 DOI: 10.1111/vde.12392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cellular mechanisms used to counteract or limit damage caused by exposure of marine vertebrates to solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation are poorly understood. Cetaceans are vulnerable because they lack protective skin appendages and are obliged to surface continuously to breathe, thus being exposed repeatedly to UV light. Although molecular mechanisms of photoprotection of cetaceans have been studied, there is limited knowledge about their epidermal structure and photoprotective effectors. OBJECTIVE To describe and compare the epidermis of mysticete and odontocete cetaceans and identify potentially photoprotective traits. ANIMALS Twenty eight free-living individuals belonging to six cetacean species were sampled in the Mexican Central Pacific and Gulf of California. Species sampled were the bottlenose dolphin, pantropical spotted dolphin, spinner dolphin, Bryde's whale, fin whale and humpback whale. METHODS Histological and cytological evaluation of skin biopsy tissue collected in the field between 2014 and 2016. RESULTS All cetaceans had only three epidermal layers, lacking both the stratum granulosum and stratum lucidum. A relatively thick stratum corneum with a parakeratosis-like morphology was noted. Melanin was observed within keratinocytes in all epidermal layers, including the stratum corneum and apical melanin granules obscured the keratinocyte nucleus. Keratinocytes had a perinuclear halo. Keratinocyte diameter differed between cetacean suborders and amongst species. Melanophage clusters were common in most cetacean species. CONCLUSIONS The widespread presence of melanin and the unexpectedly high number of melanophages may constitute a unique photoprotective trait of cetaceans and could reflect primitive adaptations to their environment and to their obligate marine-bound life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanca Morales-Guerrero
- Unit for Basic and Applied Microbiology, School of Natural Sciences, Autonomous University of Queretaro, Avenida de las Ciencias s/n. Juriquilla, 76230, Queretaro, México
| | - Cecilia Barragán-Vargas
- Unit for Basic and Applied Microbiology, School of Natural Sciences, Autonomous University of Queretaro, Avenida de las Ciencias s/n. Juriquilla, 76230, Queretaro, México
| | - German R Silva-Rosales
- Departamento de Patología, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, 76000, Queretaro, México
| | - Christian D Ortega-Ortiz
- Facultad de Ciencias Marinas, Universidad de Colima, Campus El Naranjo, km 20 carretera Manzanillo-Cihuatlán, 28860, Manzanillo, Colima, México
| | - Diane Gendron
- Laboratorio de Ecología de Cetáceos y Quelonios, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Avenida IPN s/n Colonia Playa Palo de Santa Rita, 23096, La Paz, Baja California Sur, México
| | | | - Karina Acevedo-Whitehouse
- Unit for Basic and Applied Microbiology, School of Natural Sciences, Autonomous University of Queretaro, Avenida de las Ciencias s/n. Juriquilla, 76230, Queretaro, México.,The Marine Mammal Center, 2000 Bunker Road, Sausalito, CA, 94965, USA
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26
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Lerebours A, Chapman EC, Sweet MJ, Heupel MR, Rotchell JM. Molecular changes in skin pigmented lesions of the coral trout Plectropomus leopardus. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2016; 120:130-135. [PMID: 27521482 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2016.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Revised: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A high prevalence of skin pigmented lesions of 15% was recently reported in coral trout Plectropomus leopardus, a commercially important marine fish, inhabiting the Great Barrier Reef. Herein, fish were sampled at two offshore sites, characterised by high and low lesion prevalence. A transcriptomic approach using the suppressive subtractive hybridisation (SSH) method was used to analyse the differentially expressed genes between lesion and normal skin samples. Transcriptional changes of 14 genes were observed in lesion samples relative to normal skin samples. These targeted genes encoded for specific proteins which are involved in general cell function but also in different stages disrupted during the tumourigenesis process of other organisms, such as cell cycling, cell proliferation, skeletal organisation and cell migration. The results highlight transcripts that are associated with the lesion occurrence, contributing to a better understanding of the molecular aetiology of this coral trout skin disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adélaïde Lerebours
- School of Biological, Biomedical and Environmental Sciences, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull, HU6 7RX, United Kingdom
| | - Emma C Chapman
- School of Biological, Biomedical and Environmental Sciences, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull, HU6 7RX, United Kingdom
| | - Michael J Sweet
- Molecular Health and Disease Laboratory, Environmental Sustainability Research Centre, College of Life and Natural Sciences, University of Derby, Derby, DE22 1GB, United Kingdom
| | - Michelle R Heupel
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Australia; Centre for Sustainable Tropical Fisheries and Aquaculture, College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
| | - Jeanette M Rotchell
- School of Biological, Biomedical and Environmental Sciences, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull, HU6 7RX, United Kingdom.
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Vergneau-Grosset C, Summa N, Rodriguez CO, Cenani A, Sheley MF, McCarthy MA, Tanner JC, Phillips KL, Hunt GB, Groff JM. Excision and Subsequent Treatment of a Leiomyoma From the Periventiduct of a Koi (Cyprinus carpio koi). J Exot Pet Med 2016. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jepm.2016.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Martinez-Levasseur LM, Furgal CM, Hammill MO, Burness G. Towards a Better Understanding of the Effects of UV on Atlantic Walruses, Odobenus rosmarus rosmarus: A Study Combining Histological Data with Local Ecological Knowledge. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0152122. [PMID: 27049757 PMCID: PMC4822789 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Walruses, Odobenus rosmarus, play a key role in the Arctic ecosystem, including northern Indigenous communities, which are reliant upon walruses for aspects of their diet and culture. However, walruses face varied environmental threats including rising sea-water temperatures and decreasing ice cover. An underappreciated threat may be the large amount of solar ultraviolet radiation (UV) that continues to reach the Arctic as a result of ozone loss. UV has been shown to negatively affect whales. Like whales, walrus skin is unprotected by fur, but in contrast, walruses spend long periods of time hauled-out on land. In this study, we combined the results of histological analyses of skin sections from five Atlantic walruses, Odobenus rosmarus rosmarus, collected in Nunavik (Northern Quebec, Canada) with qualitative data obtained through the interviews of 33 local walrus hunters and Inuit Elders. Histological analyses allowed us to explore UV-induced cellular lesions and interviews with experienced walrus hunters and Elders helped us to study the incidences and temporal changes of UV-induced gross lesions in walruses. At the microscopic scale, we detected a range of skin abnormalities consistent with UV damage. However, currently such UV effects do not seem to be widely observed at the whole-animal level (i.e., absence of skin blistering, erythema, eye cataract) by individuals interviewed. Although walruses may experience skin damage under normal everyday UV exposure, the long-term data from local walrus hunters and Inuit Elders did not report a relation between the increased sun radiation secondary to ozone loss and walrus health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M. Martinez-Levasseur
- Department of Biology, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Indigenous Studies, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail: (GB); (LMML)
| | - Chris M. Furgal
- Department of Indigenous Studies, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada
- Environmental Resource Studies and Sciences, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mike O. Hammill
- Maurice Lamontagne Institute, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Mont-Joli, Quebec, Canada
| | - Gary Burness
- Department of Biology, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail: (GB); (LMML)
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Nishiya AT, Massoco CO, Felizzola CR, Perlmann E, Batschinski K, Tedardi MV, Garcia JS, Mendonça PP, Teixeira TF, Zaidan Dagli ML. Comparative Aspects of Canine Melanoma. Vet Sci 2016; 3:vetsci3010007. [PMID: 29056717 PMCID: PMC5644618 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci3010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Revised: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanomas are malignant neoplasms originating from melanocytes. They occur in most animal species, but the dog is considered the best animal model for the disease. Melanomas in dogs are most frequently found in the buccal cavity, but the skin, eyes, and digits are other common locations for these neoplasms. The aim of this review is to report etiological, epidemiological, pathological, and molecular aspects of melanomas in dogs. Furthermore, the particular biological behaviors of these tumors in the different body locations are shown. Insights into the therapeutic approaches are described. Surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, immunotherapy, and the outcomes after these treatments are presented. New therapeutic perspectives are also depicted. All efforts are geared toward better characterization and control of malignant melanomas in dogs, for the benefit of these companion animals, and also in an attempt to benefit the treatment of human melanomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Tomoko Nishiya
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, CEP 05508-270, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Cristina Oliveira Massoco
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, CEP 05508-270, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Claudia Ronca Felizzola
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, CEP 05508-270, São Paulo, Brazil.
- Surgical Oncology Rua Antônio Alves Magan, 124, CEP 01251-150, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Eduardo Perlmann
- Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, CEP 05508-270, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Karen Batschinski
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, CEP 05508-270, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Marcello Vannucci Tedardi
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, CEP 05508-270, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Jéssica Soares Garcia
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, CEP 05508-270, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Priscila Pedra Mendonça
- Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, CEP 05508-270, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Tarso Felipe Teixeira
- Pathology Veterinary Medicine, FEPI Itajubá University Center, Dr. Antonio Braga Filho Street, 687, Itajubá, 37.501-002 Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Maria Lucia Zaidan Dagli
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, CEP 05508-270, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Abstract
Despite important differences between infectious diseases and cancers, tumour development (neoplasia) can nonetheless be closely compared to infectious disease because of the similarity of their effects on the body. On this basis, we predict that many of the life-history (LH) responses observed in the context of host-parasite interactions should also be relevant in the context of cancer. Parasites are thought to affect LH traits of their hosts because of strong selective pressures like direct and indirect mortality effects favouring, for example, early maturation and reproduction. Cancer can similarly also affect LH traits by imposing direct costs and/or indirectly by triggering plastic adjustments and evolutionary responses. Here, we discuss how and why a LH focus is a potentially productive but under-exploited research direction for cancer research, by focusing our attention on similarities between infectious disease and cancer with respect to their effects on LH traits and their evolution. We raise the possibility that LH adjustments can occur in response to cancer via maternal/paternal effects and that these changes can be heritable to (adaptively) modify the LH traits of their offspring. We conclude that LH adjustments can potentially influence the transgenerational persistence of inherited oncogenic mutations in populations.
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Rahmati-Holasoo H, Alishahi M, Shokrpoor S, Jangarannejad A, Mohammadian B. Invasion of melanoma to angiolipoma in a male Siamese fighting fish, Betta splendens, Regan. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2015; 38:925-930. [PMID: 25271738 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Revised: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- H Rahmati-Holasoo
- Department of Aquatic Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - M Alishahi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - S Shokrpoor
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - A Jangarannejad
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - B Mohammadian
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
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32
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A histological and ultrastructural study of the skin of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) alevins exposed to different levels of ultraviolet B radiation. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2015; 147:56-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2015.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Revised: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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34
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Thomas BC, Neale PJ, Snyder BR. Solar irradiance changes and photobiological effects at earth's surface following astrophysical ionizing radiation events. ASTROBIOLOGY 2015; 15:207-220. [PMID: 25692406 DOI: 10.1089/ast.2014.1224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Astrophysical ionizing radiation events have been recognized as a potential threat to life on Earth, primarily through depletion of stratospheric ozone and subsequent increase in surface-level solar ultraviolet radiation. Simulations of the atmospheric effects of a variety of events (such as supernovae, gamma-ray bursts, and solar proton events) have been previously published, along with estimates of biological damage at Earth's surface. In this work, we employed the Tropospheric Ultraviolet and Visible (TUV) radiative transfer model to expand and improve calculations of surface-level irradiance and biological impacts following an ionizing radiation event. We considered changes in surface-level UVB, UVA, and photosynthetically active radiation (visible light) for clear-sky conditions and fixed aerosol parameter values. We also considered a wide range of biological effects on organisms ranging from humans to phytoplankton. We found that past work overestimated UVB irradiance but that relative estimates for increase in exposure to DNA-damaging radiation are still similar to our improved calculations. We also found that the intensity of biologically damaging radiation varies widely with organism and specific impact considered; these results have implications for biosphere-level damage following astrophysical ionizing radiation events. When considering changes in surface-level visible light irradiance, we found that, contrary to previous assumptions, a decrease in irradiance is only present for a short time in very limited geographical areas; instead we found a net increase for most of the modeled time-space region. This result has implications for proposed climate changes associated with ionizing radiation events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian C Thomas
- 1 Department of Physics and Astronomy, Washburn University , Topeka, Kansas
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35
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Häder DP, Williamson CE, Wängberg SÅ, Rautio M, Rose KC, Gao K, Helbling EW, Sinha RP, Worrest R. Effects of UV radiation on aquatic ecosystems and interactions with other environmental factors. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2015; 14:108-26. [DOI: 10.1039/c4pp90035a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 410] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Combined effects of anthropogenic changes in the environmental condition in marine ecosystems, including UV, CO2and temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donat-P. Häder
- Emeritus from Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
- Dept. Biology
- 91096 Möhrendorf
- Germany
| | | | - Sten-Åke Wängberg
- Dept. Biological and Environmental Science
- University of Gothenburg
- SE-40530 Göteborg
- Sweden
| | - Milla Rautio
- Département des Sciences Fondamentales and Centre for Northern Studies (CEN)
- Université du Québec à Chicoutimi
- Saguenay
- Canada
| | - Kevin C. Rose
- Department of Zoology
- University of Wisconsin, Madison
- Madison
- USA
| | - Kunshan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science
- Xiamen University (XiangAn Campus, ZhouLongQuan A1-211)
- Xiamen
- China
| | | | - Rajeshwar P. Sinha
- Centre of Advanced Study in Botany
- Banaras Hindu University
- Varanasi-221005
- India
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36
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Subramani PA, Hameed B, Michael RD. Effect of UV-B radiation on the antibody response of fish - implication on high altitude fish culture. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2014; 143:1-4. [PMID: 25579806 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2014.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Revised: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Literally, all living forms are either directly or indirectly dependent upon sun for energy. Radiation from sun is differentiated into several components of a spectrum based on the wavelength. Ultraviolet (UV) radiation may be one of the infamous radiations emitted by the sun. Ozone depletion is another critical factor by which UV induced ill-effects are intensified. Though there are numerous studies on effects of UV radiation on terrestrial organisms, its effect on freshwater and aquaculture ecosystems has been largely neglected. Here, we report that enhanced UV irradiation may suppress the primary and secondary antibody responses to a soluble protein antigen in fish. Fishes exposed for longer periods (80min) were particularly very sensitive to infection, as shown by our sensitivity index.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Byju Hameed
- No. 35, Rakatchi Garden, Ganapathy, Coimbatore 641006, India
| | - R Dinakaran Michael
- Centre for Fish Immunology, School of Life Sciences, Vels University, Pallavaram, Chennai 600117, India.
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37
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Smith D, Leary P, Bendall M, Flach E, Jones R, Sweet M. A novel investigation of a blister-like syndrome in aquarium Echinopora lamellosa. PLoS One 2014; 9:e97018. [PMID: 24827734 PMCID: PMC4020768 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigates potential causes of a novel blister-like syndrome in the plating coral Echinopora lamellosa. Visual inspections of this novel coral syndrome showed no obvious signs of macroparasites and the blisters themselves manifested as fluid-filled sacs on the surface of the coral, which rose from the coenosarc between the coral polyps. Histological analysis of the blisters showed that there was no associated necrosis with the epidermal or gastrodermal tissues. The only difference between blistered areas and apparently healthy tissues was the presence of proliferated growth (possible mucosal cell hyperplasia) directly at the blister interface (area between where the edge of the blister joined apparently healthy tissue). No bacterial aggregates were identified in any histological samples, nor any sign of tissue necrosis identified. We conclude, that the blister formations are not apparently caused by a specific microbial infection, but instead may be the result of irritation following growth anomalies of the epidermis. However, future work should be conducted to search for other potential casual agents, including viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Smith
- School of Biology, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear, United Kingdom; School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, County Antrim, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Leary
- School of Biology, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Bendall
- School of Biology, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear, United Kingdom
| | - Edmund Flach
- Zoological Society of London, London, Greater London, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel Jones
- Zoological Society of London, London, Greater London, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Sweet
- School of Biology, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear, United Kingdom; Biological Sciences Research Group, University of Derby, Derby, Derbyshire, United Kingdom
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Work TM, Aeby GS. Skin pathology in Hawaiian goldring surgeonfish, Ctenochaetus strigosus (Bennett). JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2014; 37:357-362. [PMID: 23617760 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2013] [Accepted: 03/16/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Twenty-eight goldring surgeonfish, Ctenochaetus strigosus (Bennett), manifesting skin lesions and originating from the north-western and main Hawaiian Islands were examined. Skin lesions were amorphous and ranged from simple dark or light discolouration to multicoloured tan to white sessile masses with an undulant surface. Skin lesions covered 2-66% of the fish surface, and there was no predilection for lesions affecting a particular part of the fish. Males appeared over-represented. Microscopy revealed the skin lesions to be hyperplasia, melanophoromas or iridophoromas. The presence of skin tumours in a relatively unspoiled area of Hawaii is intriguing. Explaining their distribution, cause and impact on survivorship of fish all merit further study because C. strigosus is an economically important fish in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- T M Work
- US Geological Survey, National Wildlife Health Center, Honolulu Field Station, Honolulu, HI, USA; Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology, Kane'ohe, HI, USA
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39
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Martinez-Levasseur LM, Birch-Machin MA, Bowman A, Gendron D, Weatherhead E, Knell RJ, Acevedo-Whitehouse K. Whales use distinct strategies to counteract solar ultraviolet radiation. Sci Rep 2014; 3:2386. [PMID: 23989080 PMCID: PMC3757271 DOI: 10.1038/srep02386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2013] [Accepted: 07/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A current threat to the marine ecosystem is the high level of solar ultraviolet radiation (UV). Large whales have recently been shown to suffer sun-induced skin damage from continuous UV exposure. Genotoxic consequences of such exposure remain unknown for these long-lived marine species, as does their capacity to counteract UV-induced insults. We show that UV exposure induces mitochondrial DNA damage in the skin of seasonally sympatric fin, sperm, and blue whales and that this damage accumulates with age. However, counteractive molecular mechanisms are markedly different between species. For example, sperm whales, a species that remains for long periods at the sea surface, activate genotoxic stress pathways in response to UV exposure whereas the paler blue whale relies on increased pigmentation as the season progresses. Our study also shows that whales can modulate their responses to fluctuating levels of UV, and that different evolutionary constraints may have shaped their response strategies.
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40
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Zamzow JP, Siebeck UE, Eckes MJ, Grutter AS. Ultraviolet-B wavelengths regulate changes in UV absorption of cleaner fish Labroides dimidiatus mucus. PLoS One 2013; 8:e78527. [PMID: 24143264 PMCID: PMC3797052 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0078527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Accepted: 09/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
High-energy wavelengths in the ultraviolet-B (UVB, 280-315 nm) and the UVA (315-400-nm) portion of the spectrum are harmful to terrestrial and aquatic organisms. Interestingly, UVA is also involved in the repair of UV induced damage. Organisms living in shallow coral reef environments possess UV absorbing compounds, such as mycosporine-like amino acids, to protect them from UV radiation. While it has been demonstrated that exposure to UV (280-400 nm) affects the UV absorbance of fish mucus, whether the effects of UV exposure vary between UVB and UVA wavelengths is not known. Therefore, we investigated whether the UVB, UVA, or photosynthetically active radiation (PAR, 400-700 nm) portions of the spectrum affected the UV absorbance of epithelial mucus and Fulton’s body condition index of the cleaner fish Labroides dimidiatus. We also compared field-measured UV absorbance with laboratory based high-performance liquid chromatography measurements of mycosporine-like amino acid concentrations. After 1 week, we found that the UV absorbance of epithelial mucus was higher in the UVB+UVA+PAR treatment compared with the UVA+PAR and PAR only treatments; after 2 and 3 weeks, however, differences between treatments were not detected. After 3 weeks, Fulton’s body condition index was lower for fish in the UVB+UVA+PAR compared with PAR and UVA+PAR treatments; furthermore, all experimentally treated fish had a lower Fulton’s body condition index than did freshly caught fish. Finally, we found a decrease with depth in the UV absorbance of mucus of wild-caught fish. This study suggests that the increase in UV absorbance of fish mucus in response to increased overall UV levels is a function of the UVB portion of the spectrum. This has important implications for the ability of cleaner fish and other fishes to adjust their mucus UV protection in response to variations in environmental UV exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill P. Zamzow
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ulrike E. Siebeck
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Maxi J. Eckes
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Alexandra S. Grutter
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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