1
|
Butylina M, Priklopil MC, Hudec M, Wahl-Figlash K, Gelles K, Patsch J, Pietschmann P. Comparison of gene expression of bone regulators and bone microstructure in 20 weeks old female mice of two different strains (C57BL/6J and C3H/HeOuJ). JBMR Plus 2025; 9:ziaf004. [PMID: 39925624 PMCID: PMC11807285 DOI: 10.1093/jbmrpl/ziaf004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2024] [Revised: 12/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2025] [Indexed: 02/11/2025] Open
Abstract
A huge number of inbred mouse strains with different bone properties have become available for musculoskeletal research. C57Bl/6J and C3H/HeOuJ mice show a significant difference in their bone characteristics. Nevertheless, there is a lack of knowledge on the molecular basis of these strain differences. The aim of this study is to determine the gene expression of selected regulators expressed in the bone marrow as well as bone microstructure of C57Bl/6J and C3H/HeOuJ mice. Bone properties were investigated in 20-week-old female C57Bl/6J and C3H/HeOuJ mice. Total RNA was extracted from the bone marrow of the tibia and gene expression of the following genes was determined by quantitative real-time PCR: SOST, DKK1, OPN, FGF23, RANKL, IL6, TNF, IL17a, and OPG. The femur and third lumbar vertebral body (L3) were investigated by μCT. Bone histomorphometric evaluations were performed in tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase/toluidine blue stained fourth lumbar vertebral bodies (L4). C57Bl/6J and C3H/HeOuJ mice showed significant differences in the gene expression of DKK1, FGF23, IL-6, TNF, and OPG. When compared with C57Bl/6J mice, C3H/HeOuJ mice had a stronger cortical and trabecular bone microstructure at the femur. In contrast, at L3 bone volume/total volume (BV/TV) and trabecular number were significantly higher in C57Bl/6J than in C3H/HeOuJ mice. Bone histomorphometry of L4 revealed significantly higher BV/TV, trabecular number, and thickness in C57Bl/6J mice. Furthermore, the number of osteoblasts and the number of osteoclasts/bone perimeter were higher in the C57Bl/6J mice. This study shows that C57Bl/6J and C3H/HeOuJ mice exhibit a differential expression of cytokines present in the bone marrow. Bone properties differ not only between both strains but also in relation to the investigated bone region.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Butylina
- Institute for Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Marie-Christine Priklopil
- Institute for Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Hudec
- Department of Medical Genetics, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, CZ-10000 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Katharina Wahl-Figlash
- Institute for Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Katharina Gelles
- Institute for Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Janina Patsch
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Pietschmann
- Institute for Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Nedeva C. Inflammation and Cell Death of the Innate and Adaptive Immune System during Sepsis. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1011. [PMID: 34356636 PMCID: PMC8301842 DOI: 10.3390/biom11071011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a life-threatening medical condition that occurs when the host has an uncontrolled or abnormal immune response to overwhelming infection. It is now widely accepted that sepsis occurs in two concurrent phases, which consist of an initial immune activation phase followed by a chronic immunosuppressive phase, leading to immune cell death. Depending on the severity of the disease and the pathogen involved, the hosts immune system may not fully recover, leading to ongoing complications proceeding the initial infection. As such, sepsis remains one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality world-wide, with treatment options limited to general treatment in intensive care units (ICU). Lack of specific treatments available for sepsis is mostly due to our limited knowledge of the immuno-physiology associated with the disease. This review will provide a comprehensive overview of the mechanisms and cell types involved in eliciting infection-induced immune activation from both the innate and adaptive immune system during sepsis. In addition, the mechanisms leading to immune cell death following hyperactivation of immune cells will be explored. The evaluation and better understanding of the cellular and systemic responses leading to disease onset could eventuate into the development of much needed therapies to combat this unrelenting disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christina Nedeva
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Akoolo L, Djokic V, Rocha SC, Parveen N. Pathogenesis of Borrelia burgdorferi and Babesia microti in TLR4-Competent and TLR4-dysfunctional C3H mice. Cell Microbiol 2021; 23:e13350. [PMID: 33938125 PMCID: PMC8459286 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.13350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Toll‐like receptors (TLRs) are a class of membrane‐spanning proteins of host cells. TLR2 and TLR4 are displayed on the surface of macrophages, neutrophils and dendritic cells and recognise structurally conserved microbial signatures defined as Pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). C3H mice are susceptible to tick‐borne pathogens; Lyme disease causing Borrelia burgdorferi that manifests arthritis and carditis and Apicomplexan protozoan, Babesia microti (Bm) that causes significant parasitemia associated with erythrocytopenia and haemoglobinuria. B. burgdorferi lacks typical TLR4 ligand lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and Bm TLR ligand(s) remain unknown. Only Borrelia lipoproteins that signal through TLR2 are established as PAMPs of these pathogens for TLR2/TLR4. Infection of C3H mice with each pathogen individually resulted in increase in the percentage of splenic B, T and FcR+ cells while their co‐infection significantly diminished levels of these cells and caused increased B. burgdorferi burden in the specific organs. The most pronounced inflammatory arthritis was observed in co‐infected C3H/HeJ mice. Parasitemia levels and kinetics of resolution of Bm in both mice strains were not significantly different. Transfected HEK293 cells showed pronounced signalling by B. burgdorferi through TLR2 and to some extent by TLR4 while Bm and infected erythrocytes did not show any response confirming our results in mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lavoisier Akoolo
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Vitomir Djokic
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Sandra C Rocha
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Nikhat Parveen
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chen HP, Wang XY, Pan XY, Hu WW, Cai ST, Joshi K, Deng LH, Ma D. Circulating Neutrophil-Derived Microparticles Associated with the Prognosis of Patients with Sepsis. J Inflamm Res 2020; 13:1113-1124. [PMID: 33363395 PMCID: PMC7754272 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s287256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Because of its high morbidity and mortality, sepsis remains the leading cause of death in the ICU. Microparticles (MP) have been largely studied as potential diagnostic or prognostic markers in various diseases including sepsis. Objective The biological and clinical relevance of neutrophil-derived microparticles (NDMPs) within the MP population remains unclear. The objective of this study was to elucidate the relationship between plasma NDMPs and the prognosis of patients with sepsis and/or septic shock. Methods The study was designed as an observational, noninterventional clinical study. The cohort for this study included 40 sepsis and 40 septic shock patients together with 10 healthy controls admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) and the Health Surveillance Center in the Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China, from January to November 2018, respectively. The degree of critical disease for sepsis and septic shock was evaluated, with data analyses conducted from 2018 to 2019. Results On days 1, 3 and 5 post-admission a series of data including plasma NDMP levels, patient demographics, TNF-α levels, IL-6 levels, sTREM-1 levels, and the sepsis severity score measurements were collected. A survival curve was plotted against levels of plasma NDMPs. Levels of NDMPs were observed to be higher in the septic shock patients than in the sepsis patients on days 1, 3, and 5 post-ICU admission (p < 0.05). NDMP levels were significantly increased in sepsis and septic shock patients with a parallel increase in pro-inflammatory mediators and sepsis severity score (p < 0.05) as well as mortality. Conclusion Our data suggest that NDMPs may be a biomarker of sepsis severity and mortality although its implications on sepsis prognosis warrant further study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Peng Chen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,Zhanjiang Key Laboratory of Organ Injury and Protection and Translational Medicine, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Yan Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Yan Pan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Wang-Wang Hu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu-Ting Cai
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Kiran Joshi
- Division of Anesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, UK
| | - Lie-Hua Deng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,Zhanjiang Key Laboratory of Organ Injury and Protection and Translational Medicine, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Daqing Ma
- Division of Anesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Souza ALTD, Batalhão ME, Cárnio EC. Study of thermo-regulation as a worsening marker of experimental sepsis in an animal model. Rev Lat Am Enfermagem 2020; 28:e3290. [PMID: 32901764 PMCID: PMC7478883 DOI: 10.1590/1518-8345.3364.3290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: to analyze variations in body temperature and in plasma nitrate and lactate concentrations in rats submitted to the experimental sepsis model. Method: a total of 40 rats divided equally into five groups. The induction of endotoxemia was performed with intravenous administration of lipopolysaccharide, 0.5 mg/Kg, 1.5 mg/Kg, 3.0 mg/Kg, and 10 mg/Kg, respectively. The control group received 0.5 mL of saline solution. The experiment lasted six hours, with evaluations performed at 0 (baseline data), 2nd, 4th, and 6thhours. Results: The animals that received doses up to 3.0 mg/kg showed a significant increase in body temperature compared to the group with 10 mg/kg, which showed a decrease in these values. The increase in plasma nitrate and lactate concentrations in the groups with lipopolysaccharide was significantly higher than in the group that received the saline solution and was correlated with the increase in body temperature. Conclusion: the variations in body temperature observed in this study showed the dose-dependent effect of lipopolysaccharide and were correlated with the increase in the concentrations of nitrate and plasma lactate biomarkers. The implications of this study are the importance of monitoring body temperature, together with the assessment of these pathophysiological markers, which suggest worsening in the prognosis of sepsis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- André Luiz Thomaz de Souza
- Universidade de São Paulo, Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto, PAHO/WHO Collaborating Centre at the Nursing Research Development, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.,Faculdades Integradas do Vale do Ribeira, Faculdade de Enfermagem, Registro, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Eduardo Batalhão
- Universidade de São Paulo, Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto, PAHO/WHO Collaborating Centre at the Nursing Research Development, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Evelin Capellari Cárnio
- Universidade de São Paulo, Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto, PAHO/WHO Collaborating Centre at the Nursing Research Development, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Duncan SA, Sahu R, Dixit S, Singh SR, Dennis VA. Suppressors of Cytokine Signaling (SOCS)1 and SOCS3 Proteins Are Mediators of Interleukin-10 Modulation of Inflammatory Responses Induced by Chlamydia muridarum and Its Major Outer Membrane Protein (MOMP) in Mouse J774 Macrophages. Mediators Inflamm 2020; 2020:7461742. [PMID: 32684836 PMCID: PMC7333066 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7461742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The immunopathology of chlamydial diseases is exacerbated by a broad-spectrum of inflammatory mediators, which we reported are inhibited by IL-10 in macrophages. However, the chlamydial protein moiety that induces the inflammatory mediators and the mechanisms by which IL-10 inhibits them are unknown. We hypothesized that Chlamydia major outer membrane protein (MOMP) mediates its disease pathogenesis, and the suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS)1 and SOCS3 proteins are mediators of the IL-10 inhibitory actions. Our hypothesis was tested by exposing mouse J774 macrophages to chlamydial stimulants (live Chlamydia muridarum and MOMP) with and without IL-10. MOMP significantly induced several inflammatory mediators (IL-6, IL-12p40, CCL5, CXCL10), which were dose-dependently inhibited by IL-10. Chlamydial stimulants induced the mRNA gene transcripts and protein expression of SOCS1 and SOCS3, with more SOCS3 expression. Notably, IL-10 reciprocally regulated their expression by reducing SOCS1 and increasing SOCS3. Specific inhibitions of MAPK pathways revealed that p38, JNK, and MEK1/2 are required for inducing inflammatory mediators as well as SOCS1 and SOCS3. Chlamydial stimulants triggered an M1 pro-inflammatory phenotype evidently by an enhanced nos2 (M1 marker) expression, which was skewed by IL-10 towards a more M2 anti-inflammatory phenotype by the increased expression of mrc1 and arg1 (M2 markers) and the reduced SOCS1/SOCS3 ratios. Neutralization of endogenously produced IL-10 augmented the secretion of inflammatory mediators, reduced SOCS3 expression, and skewed the chlamydial M1 to an M2 phenotype. Inhibition of proteasome degradation increased TNF but decreased IL-10, CCL5, and CXCL10 secretion by suppressing SOCS1 and SOCS3 expressions and dysregulating their STAT1 and STAT3 transcription factors. Our data show that SOCS1 and SOCS3 are regulators of IL-10 inhibitory actions, and underscore SOCS proteins as therapeutic targets for IL-10 control of inflammation for Chlamydia and other bacterial inflammatory diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Skyla A. Duncan
- Center for NanoBiotechnology Research (CNBR), Department of Biological Sciences, Alabama State University, 1627 Harris Way, Montgomery, AL 36104, USA
| | - Rajnish Sahu
- Center for NanoBiotechnology Research (CNBR), Department of Biological Sciences, Alabama State University, 1627 Harris Way, Montgomery, AL 36104, USA
| | - Saurabh Dixit
- Center for NanoBiotechnology Research (CNBR), Department of Biological Sciences, Alabama State University, 1627 Harris Way, Montgomery, AL 36104, USA
| | - Shree R. Singh
- Center for NanoBiotechnology Research (CNBR), Department of Biological Sciences, Alabama State University, 1627 Harris Way, Montgomery, AL 36104, USA
| | - Vida A. Dennis
- Center for NanoBiotechnology Research (CNBR), Department of Biological Sciences, Alabama State University, 1627 Harris Way, Montgomery, AL 36104, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Bernard Q, Grillon A, Lenormand C, Ehret-Sabatier L, Boulanger N. Skin Interface, a Key Player for Borrelia Multiplication and Persistence in Lyme Borreliosis. Trends Parasitol 2020; 36:304-314. [PMID: 32007396 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2019.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The skin plays a key role in vector-borne diseases because it is the site where the arthropod coinoculates pathogens and its saliva. Lyme borreliosis, particularly well investigated in this context, is a multisystemic infectious disease caused by Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato and transmitted by the hard tick Ixodes. Numerous in vitro studies were conducted to better understand the role of specific skin cells and tick saliva in host defense, vector feeding, and pathogen transmission. The skin was also evidenced in various animal models as the site of bacterial multiplication and persistence. We present the achievements in this field as well as the gaps that impede comprehensive knowledge of the disease pathophysiology and the development of efficient diagnostic tools and vaccines in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Quentin Bernard
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Institut de Bactériologie, Université de Strasbourg, VBP EA7290, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Antoine Grillon
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Institut de Bactériologie, Université de Strasbourg, VBP EA7290, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Cédric Lenormand
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Institut de Bactériologie, Université de Strasbourg, VBP EA7290, F-67000 Strasbourg, France; Clinique Dermatologique, Hôpital Universitaire de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Laurence Ehret-Sabatier
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Nathalie Boulanger
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Institut de Bactériologie, Université de Strasbourg, VBP EA7290, F-67000 Strasbourg, France; French National Reference Center on Lyme Borreliosis, CHRU, F-67000 Strasbourg, France.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Duncan SA, Dixit S, Sahu R, Martin D, Baganizi DR, Nyairo E, Villinger F, Singh SR, Dennis VA. Prolonged Release and Functionality of Interleukin-10 Encapsulated within PLA-PEG Nanoparticles. NANOMATERIALS 2019; 9:nano9081074. [PMID: 31357440 PMCID: PMC6723354 DOI: 10.3390/nano9081074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation, as induced by the presence of cytokines and chemokines, is an integral part of chlamydial infections. The anti-inflammatory cytokine, interleukin (IL)-10, has been reported to efficiently suppress the secretion of inflammatory cytokines triggered by Chlamydia in mouse macrophages. Though IL-10 is employed in clinical applications, its therapeutic usage is limited due to its short half-life. Here, we document the successful encapsulation of IL-10 within the biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles of PLA-PEG (Poly (lactic acid)-Poly (ethylene glycol), to prolong its half-life. Our results show the encapsulated-IL-10 size (~238 nm), zeta potential (−14.2 mV), polydispersity index (0.256), encapsulation efficiency (~77%), and a prolonged slow release pattern up to 60 days. Temperature stability of encapsulated-IL-10 was favorable, demonstrating a heat capacity of up to 89 °C as shown by differential scanning calorimetry analysis. Encapsulated-IL-10 modulated the release of IL-6 and IL-12p40 in stimulated macrophages in a time- and concentration-dependent fashion, and differentially induced SOCS1 and SOCS3 as induced by chlamydial stimulants in macrophages. Our finding offers the tremendous potential for encapsulated-IL-10 not only for chlamydial inflammatory diseases but also biomedical therapeutic applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Skyla A Duncan
- Center for NanoBiotechnology & Life Sciences Research, Department of Biological Sciences, Alabama State University, 915 South Jackson Street, Montgomery, AL 36104, USA
| | - Saurabh Dixit
- Center for NanoBiotechnology & Life Sciences Research, Department of Biological Sciences, Alabama State University, 915 South Jackson Street, Montgomery, AL 36104, USA
| | - Rajnish Sahu
- Center for NanoBiotechnology & Life Sciences Research, Department of Biological Sciences, Alabama State University, 915 South Jackson Street, Montgomery, AL 36104, USA
| | - David Martin
- Center for NanoBiotechnology & Life Sciences Research, Department of Biological Sciences, Alabama State University, 915 South Jackson Street, Montgomery, AL 36104, USA
| | - Dieudonné R Baganizi
- Center for NanoBiotechnology & Life Sciences Research, Department of Biological Sciences, Alabama State University, 915 South Jackson Street, Montgomery, AL 36104, USA
| | - Elijah Nyairo
- Center for NanoBiotechnology & Life Sciences Research, Department of Biological Sciences, Alabama State University, 915 South Jackson Street, Montgomery, AL 36104, USA
| | - Francois Villinger
- New Iberia Research Center, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, 4401 W Admiral Doyle Drive, New Iberia, LA 70560, USA
| | - Shree R Singh
- Center for NanoBiotechnology & Life Sciences Research, Department of Biological Sciences, Alabama State University, 915 South Jackson Street, Montgomery, AL 36104, USA
| | - Vida A Dennis
- Center for NanoBiotechnology & Life Sciences Research, Department of Biological Sciences, Alabama State University, 915 South Jackson Street, Montgomery, AL 36104, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Induction of Interleukin 10 by Borrelia burgdorferi Is Regulated by the Action of CD14-Dependent p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase and cAMP-Mediated Chromatin Remodeling. Infect Immun 2018; 86:IAI.00781-17. [PMID: 29311239 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00781-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Host genotype influences the severity of murine Lyme borreliosis, caused by the spirochetal bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi C57BL/6 (B6) mice develop mild Lyme arthritis, whereas C3H/HeN (C3H) mice develop severe Lyme arthritis. Differential expression of interleukin 10 (IL-10) has long been associated with mouse strain differences in Lyme pathogenesis; however, the underlying mechanism(s) of this genotype-specific IL-10 regulation remained elusive. Herein we reveal a cAMP-mediated mechanism of IL-10 regulation in B6 macrophages that is substantially diminished in C3H macrophages. Under cAMP and CD14-p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling, B6 macrophages stimulated with B. burgdorferi produce increased amounts of IL-10 and decreased levels of arthritogenic cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor (TNF). cAMP relaxes chromatin, while p38 increases binding of the transcription factors signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and specific protein 1 (SP1) to the IL-10 promoter, leading to increased IL-10 production in B6 bone marrow-derived monocytes (BMDMs). Conversely, macrophages derived from arthritis-susceptible C3H mice possess significantly less endogenous cAMP, produce less IL-10, and thus are ill equipped to mitigate the damaging consequences of B. burgdorferi-induced TNF. Intriguingly, an altered balance between anti-inflammatory and proinflammatory cytokines and CD14-dependent regulatory mechanisms also is operative in primary human peripheral blood-derived monocytes, providing potential insight into the clinical spectrum of human Lyme disease. In line with this notion, we have demonstrated that cAMP-enhancing drugs increase IL-10 production in myeloid cells, thus curtailing inflammation associated with murine Lyme borreliosis. Discovery of novel treatments or repurposing of FDA-approved cAMP-modulating medications may be a promising avenue for treatment of patients with adverse clinical outcomes, including certain post-Lyme complications, in whom dysregulated immune responses may play a role.
Collapse
|
10
|
Dixit S, Sahu R, Verma R, Duncan S, Giambartolomei GH, Singh SR, Dennis VA. Caveolin-mediated endocytosis of the Chlamydia M278 outer membrane peptide encapsulated in poly(lactic acid)-Poly(ethylene glycol) nanoparticles by mouse primary dendritic cells enhances specific immune effectors mediated by MHC class II and CD4 + T cells. Biomaterials 2018; 159:130-145. [PMID: 29324305 PMCID: PMC5801148 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
We previously developed a Chlamydia trachomatis nanovaccine (PPM) by encapsulating a chlamydial M278 peptide within poly(lactic acid)-poly(ethylene glycol) biodegradable nanoparticles that immunopotentiated Chlamydia-specific immune effector responses in mice. Herein, we investigated the mechanistic interactions of PPM with mouse bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (DCs) for its uptake, trafficking, and T cell activation. Our results reveal that PPM triggered enhanced expression of effector cytokines and chemokines, surface activation markers (Cd1d2, Fcgr1), pathogen-sensing receptors (TLR2, Nod1), co-stimulatory (CD40, CD80, CD86) and MHC class I and II molecules. Co-culturing of PPM-primed DCs with T cells from C. muridarum vaccinated mice yielded an increase in Chlamydia-specific immune effector responses including CD3+ lymphoproliferation, CD3+CD4+ IFN-γ-secreting cells along with CD3+CD4+ memory (CD44high and CD62Lhigh) and effector (CD44high and CD62Llow) phenotypes. Intracellular trafficking analyses revealed an intense expression and colocalization of PPM predominantly in endosomes. PPM also upregulated the transcriptional and protein expression of the endocytic mediator, caveolin-1 in DCs. More importantly, the specific inhibition of caveolin-1 led to decreased expression of PPM-induced cytokines and co-stimulatory molecules. Our investigation shows that PPM provided enhancement of uptake, probably by exploiting the caveolin-mediated endocytosis pathway, endosomal processing, and MHC II presentation to immunopotentiate Chlamydia-specific immune effector responses mediated by CD4+ T cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Dixit
- Center for NanoBiotechnology Research, Alabama State University, Montgomery, AL 36104, USA
| | - Rajnish Sahu
- Center for NanoBiotechnology Research, Alabama State University, Montgomery, AL 36104, USA
| | - Richa Verma
- Center for NanoBiotechnology Research, Alabama State University, Montgomery, AL 36104, USA
| | - Skyla Duncan
- Center for NanoBiotechnology Research, Alabama State University, Montgomery, AL 36104, USA
| | - Guillermo H Giambartolomei
- Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo (INIGEM), CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Shree R Singh
- Center for NanoBiotechnology Research, Alabama State University, Montgomery, AL 36104, USA
| | - Vida A Dennis
- Center for NanoBiotechnology Research, Alabama State University, Montgomery, AL 36104, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Dosunmu EF, Chaudhari AA, Bawage S, Bakeer MK, Owen DR, Singh SR, Dennis VA, Pillai SR. Novel cationic peptide TP359 down-regulates the expression of outer membrane biogenesis genes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa: a potential TP359 anti-microbial mechanism. BMC Microbiol 2016; 16:192. [PMID: 27549081 PMCID: PMC4994277 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-016-0808-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are a class of antimicrobial agents with broad-spectrum activities. Several reports indicate that cationic AMPs bind to the negatively charged bacterial membrane causing membrane depolarization and damage. However, membrane depolarization and damage may be insufficient to elicit cell death, thereby suggesting that other mechanism(s) of action could be involved in this phenomenon. In this study, we investigated the antimicrobial activity of a novel antimicrobial peptide, TP359, against two strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, as well as its possible mechanisms of action. Results TP359 proved to be bactericidal against P. aeruginosa as confirmed by the reduced bacteria counts, membrane damage and cytoplasmic membrane depolarization. In addition, it was non-toxic to mouse J774 macrophages and human lung A549 epithelial cells. Electron microscopy analysis showed TP359 bactericidal effects by structural changes of the bacteria from viable rod-shaped cells to those with cell membrane damages, proceeding into the efflux of cytoplasmic contents and emergence of ghost cells. Gene expression analysis on the effects of TP359 on outer membrane biogenesis genes underscored marked down-regulation, particularly of oprF, which encodes a major structural and outer membrane porin (OprF) in both strains studied, indicating that the peptide may cause deregulation of outer membrane genes and reduced structural stability which could lead to cell death. Conclusion Our data shows that TP359 has potent antimicrobial activity against P aeruginosa. The correlation between membrane damage, depolarization and reduced expression of outer membrane biogenesis genes, particularly oprF may suggest the bactericidal mechanism of action of the TP359 peptide. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12866-016-0808-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ejovwoke F Dosunmu
- Center for NanoBiotechnology Research, Alabama State University, Montgomery, AL, USA
| | - Atul A Chaudhari
- Center for NanoBiotechnology Research, Alabama State University, Montgomery, AL, USA
| | - Swapnil Bawage
- Center for NanoBiotechnology Research, Alabama State University, Montgomery, AL, USA
| | - Mona K Bakeer
- LSU Health Sciences Center, School of Allied Health Professions, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | | | - Shree R Singh
- Center for NanoBiotechnology Research, Alabama State University, Montgomery, AL, USA
| | - Vida A Dennis
- Center for NanoBiotechnology Research, Alabama State University, Montgomery, AL, USA
| | - Shreekumar R Pillai
- Center for NanoBiotechnology Research, Alabama State University, Montgomery, AL, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Meriläinen L, Brander H, Herranen A, Schwarzbach A, Gilbert L. Pleomorphic forms of Borrelia burgdorferi induce distinct immune responses. Microbes Infect 2016; 18:484-95. [PMID: 27139815 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2016.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2015] [Revised: 01/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Borrelia burgdorferi is the causative agent of tick-borne Lyme disease. As a response to environmental stress B. burgdorferi can change its morphology to a round body form. The role of B. burgdorferi pleomorphic forms in Lyme disease pathogenesis has long been debated and unclear. Here, we demonstrated that round bodies were processed differently in differentiated macrophages, consequently inducing distinct immune responses compared to spirochetes in vitro. Colocalization analysis indicated that the F-actin participates in internalization of both forms. However, round bodies end up less in macrophage lysosomes than spirochetes suggesting that there are differences in processing of these forms in phagocytic cells. Furthermore, round bodies stimulated distinct cytokine and chemokine production in these cells. We confirmed that spirochetes and round bodies present different protein profiles and antigenicity. In a Western blot analysis Lyme disease patients had more intense responses to round bodies when compared to spirochetes. These results suggest that round bodies have a role in Lyme disease pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leena Meriläinen
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Nanoscience Center, University of Jyvaskyla, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyvaskyla, Finland.
| | - Heini Brander
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Nanoscience Center, University of Jyvaskyla, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyvaskyla, Finland
| | - Anni Herranen
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Nanoscience Center, University of Jyvaskyla, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyvaskyla, Finland
| | | | - Leona Gilbert
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Nanoscience Center, University of Jyvaskyla, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyvaskyla, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zhao XY, Zhang JY, Cao J, Zhao ZJ. Oxidative Damage Does Not Occur in Striped Hamsters Raising Natural and Experimentally Increased Litter Size. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0141604. [PMID: 26505889 PMCID: PMC4624642 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0141604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Life-history theory assumes that animals can balance the allocation of limited energy or resources to the competing demands of growth, reproduction and somatic maintenance, while consequently maximizing their fitness. However, somatic damage caused by oxidative stress in reproductive female animals is species-specific or is tissue dependent. In the present study, several markers of oxidative stress (hydrogen peroxide, H2O2 and malonadialdehyde, MDA) and antioxidant (catalase, CAT and total antioxidant capacity, T-AOC) were examined in striped hamsters during different stages of reproduction with experimentally manipulated litter size. Energy intake, resting metabolic rate (RMR), and mRNA expression of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) in brown adipose tissue (BAT) and UCP3 in skeletal muscle were also examined. H2O2 and MDA levels did not change in BAT and liver, although they significantly decreased in skeletal muscle in the lactating hamsters compared to the non-reproductive group. However, H2O2 levels in the brain were significantly higher in lactating hamsters than non-reproductive controls. Experimentally increasing litter size did not cause oxidative stress in BAT, liver and skeletal muscle, but significantly elevated H2O2 levels in the brain. CAT activity of liver decreased, but CAT and T-AOC activity of BAT, skeletal muscle and the brain did not change in lactating hamsters compared to non-reproductive controls. Both antioxidants did not change with the experimentally increasing litter size. RMR significantly increased, but BAT UCP1 mRNA expression decreased with the experimentally increased litter size, suggesting that it was against simple positive links between metabolic rate, UCP1 expression and free radicals levels. It may suggest that the cost of reproduction has negligible effect on oxidative stress or even attenuates oxidative stress in some active tissues in an extensive range of animal species. But the increasing reproductive effort may cause oxidative stress in the brain, indicating that oxidative stress in response to reproduction is tissue dependent. These findings provide partial support for the life-history theory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ya Zhao
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Ji-Ying Zhang
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Jing Cao
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Zhi-Jun Zhao
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Totté P, Puech C, Rodrigues V, Bertin C, Manso-Silvan L, Thiaucourt F. Free exopolysaccharide from Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides possesses anti-inflammatory properties. Vet Res 2015; 46:122. [PMID: 26490663 PMCID: PMC4618858 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-015-0252-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study we explored the immunomodulatory properties of highly purified free galactan, the soluble exopolysaccharide secreted by Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides (Mmm). Galactan was shown to bind to TLR2 but not TLR4 using HEK293 reporter cells and to induce the production of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 in bovine macrophages, whereas low IL-12p40 and no TNF-α, both pro-inflammatory cytokines, were induced in these cells. In addition, pre-treatment of macrophages with galactan substantially reduced lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced production of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF- and IL-12p40 while increasing LPS-induced secretion of immunosuppressive IL-10. Also, galactan did not activate naïve lymphocytes and induced only low production of the Th1 cytokine IFN-γ in Mmm-experienced lymphocytes. Finally, galactan triggered weak recall proliferation of CD4+ T lymphocytes from contagious bovine pleuropneumonia-infected animals despite having a positive effect on the expression of co-stimulatory molecules on macrophages. All together, these results suggest that galactan possesses anti-inflammatory properties and potentially provides Mmm with a mechanism to evade host innate and adaptive cell-mediated immune responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Totté
- Centre International de Recherche en Agronomie pour le Développement, UMR CMAEE, Montpellier, France.
- Institut National de Recherche Agronomique, UMR1309 CMAEE, Montpellier, France.
| | - Carinne Puech
- Centre International de Recherche en Agronomie pour le Développement, UMR CMAEE, Montpellier, France.
- Institut National de Recherche Agronomique, UMR1309 CMAEE, Montpellier, France.
| | - Valérie Rodrigues
- Centre International de Recherche en Agronomie pour le Développement, UMR CMAEE, Montpellier, France.
- Institut National de Recherche Agronomique, UMR1309 CMAEE, Montpellier, France.
| | - Clothilde Bertin
- Centre International de Recherche en Agronomie pour le Développement, UMR CMAEE, Montpellier, France.
- Institut National de Recherche Agronomique, UMR1309 CMAEE, Montpellier, France.
| | - Lucia Manso-Silvan
- Centre International de Recherche en Agronomie pour le Développement, UMR CMAEE, Montpellier, France.
- Institut National de Recherche Agronomique, UMR1309 CMAEE, Montpellier, France.
| | - François Thiaucourt
- Centre International de Recherche en Agronomie pour le Développement, UMR CMAEE, Montpellier, France.
- Institut National de Recherche Agronomique, UMR1309 CMAEE, Montpellier, France.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Fan X, Liu Z, Jin H, Yan J, Liang HP. Alterations of dendritic cells in sepsis: featured role in immunoparalysis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:903720. [PMID: 25821827 PMCID: PMC4363672 DOI: 10.1155/2015/903720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2014] [Revised: 05/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis, the leading cause of mortality in intensive care unit, is characterized by hyperinflammatory response in the early stage and followed by a period of immunosuppression. This immune disorder is believed to be the potent factor that is tightly associated with high mortality in sepsis. Dendritic cells (DCs) serve as professional antigen-presenting cells that play a vital role in immune response by activating T lymphocytes. During the progression of sepsis, DCs have been reported to take part in the aberrant immune response and be necessary for survival. Therefore, a better understanding of the DCs pathology will be undoubtedly beneficial for resolving the problems occurring in sepsis. This review discusses effects of sepsis on DCs number and function, including surface molecules expression, cytokines secretion, and T cell activation, and the underlying mechanism as well as some potential therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xia Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Zheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - He Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Jun Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Hua-ping Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Kelesidis T. The Cross-Talk between Spirochetal Lipoproteins and Immunity. Front Immunol 2014; 5:310. [PMID: 25071771 PMCID: PMC4075078 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Spirochetal diseases such as syphilis, Lyme disease, and leptospirosis are major threats to public health. However, the immunopathogenesis of these diseases has not been fully elucidated. Spirochetes interact with the host through various structural components such as lipopolysaccharides (LPS), surface lipoproteins, and glycolipids. Although spirochetal antigens such as LPS and glycolipids may contribute to the inflammatory response during spirochetal infections, spirochetes such as Treponema pallidum and Borrelia burgdorferi lack LPS. Lipoproteins are most abundant proteins that are expressed in all spirochetes and often determine how spirochetes interact with their environment. Lipoproteins are pro-inflammatory, may regulate responses from both innate and adaptive immunity and enable the spirochetes to adhere to the host or the tick midgut or to evade the immune system. However, most of the spirochetal lipoproteins have unknown function. Herein, the immunomodulatory effects of spirochetal lipoproteins are reviewed and are grouped into two main categories: effects related to immune evasion and effects related to immune activation. Understanding lipoprotein-induced immunomodulation will aid in elucidating innate immunopathogenesis processes and subsequent adaptive mechanisms potentially relevant to spirochetal disease vaccine development and to inflammatory events associated with spirochetal diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Theodoros Kelesidis
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles , Los Angeles, CA , USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Lochhead RB, Ma Y, Zachary JF, Baltimore D, Zhao JL, Weis JH, O'Connell RM, Weis JJ. MicroRNA-146a provides feedback regulation of lyme arthritis but not carditis during infection with Borrelia burgdorferi. PLoS Pathog 2014; 10:e1004212. [PMID: 24967703 PMCID: PMC4072785 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs have been shown to be important regulators of inflammatory and immune responses and are implicated in several immune disorders including systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis, but their role in Lyme borreliosis remains unknown. We performed a microarray screen for expression of miRNAs in joint tissue from three mouse strains infected with Borrelia burgdorferi. This screen identified upregulation of miR-146a, a key negative regulator of NF-κB signaling, in all three strains, suggesting it plays an important role in the in vivo response to B. burgdorferi. Infection of B6 miR-146a-/- mice with B. burgdorferi revealed a critical nonredundant role of miR-146a in modulating Lyme arthritis without compromising host immune response or heart inflammation. The impact of miR-146a was specifically localized to the joint, and did not impact lesion development or inflammation in the heart. Furthermore, B6 miR-146a-/- mice had elevated levels of NF-κB-regulated products in joint tissue and serum late in infection. Flow cytometry analysis of various lineages isolated from infected joint tissue of mice showed that myeloid cell infiltration was significantly greater in B6 miR-146a-/- mice, compared to B6, during B. burgdorferi infection. Using bone marrow-derived macrophages, we found that TRAF6, a known target of miR-146a involved in NF-κB activation, was dysregulated in resting and B. burgdorferi-stimulated B6 miR-146a-/- macrophages, and corresponded to elevated IL-1β, IL-6 and CXCL1 production. This dysregulated protein production was also observed in macrophages treated with IL-10 prior to B. burgdorferi stimulation. Peritoneal macrophages from B6 miR-146a-/- mice also showed enhanced phagocytosis of B. burgdorferi. Together, these data show that miR-146a-mediated regulation of TRAF6 and NF-κB, and downstream targets such as IL-1β, IL-6 and CXCL1, are critical for modulation of Lyme arthritis during chronic infection with B. burgdorferi.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert B. Lochhead
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Ying Ma
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - James F. Zachary
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - David Baltimore
- Department of Biology, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, United States of America
| | - Jimmy L. Zhao
- Department of Biology, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, United States of America
| | - John H. Weis
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Ryan M. O'Connell
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Janis J. Weis
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Cervantes JL, Hawley KL, Benjamin SJ, Weinerman B, Luu SM, Salazar JC. Phagosomal TLR signaling upon Borrelia burgdorferi infection. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2014; 4:55. [PMID: 24904837 PMCID: PMC4033037 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2014.00055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Internalization and degradation of live Bb within phagosomal compartments of monocytes, macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs), allows for the release of lipoproteins, nucleic acids and other microbial products, triggering a broad and robust inflammatory response. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are key players in the recognition of spirochetal ligands from whole viable organisms (i.e., vita-PAMPs). Herein we will review the role of endosomal TLRs in the response to the Lyme disease spirochete.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge L Cervantes
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Connecticut Health Center Farmington, CT, USA ; Division of Infectious Diseases, Connecticut Children's Medical Center Hartford, CT, USA
| | - Kelly L Hawley
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Connecticut Health Center Farmington, CT, USA ; Division of Infectious Diseases, Connecticut Children's Medical Center Hartford, CT, USA
| | - Sarah J Benjamin
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Connecticut Health Center Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Bennett Weinerman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Connecticut Health Center Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Stephanie M Luu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Connecticut Health Center Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Juan C Salazar
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Connecticut Health Center Farmington, CT, USA ; Division of Infectious Diseases, Connecticut Children's Medical Center Hartford, CT, USA ; Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut Health Center Farmington, CT, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Dixit S, Singh SR, Yilma AN, Agee RD, Taha M, Dennis VA. Poly(lactic acid)-poly(ethylene glycol) nanoparticles provide sustained delivery of a Chlamydia trachomatis recombinant MOMP peptide and potentiate systemic adaptive immune responses in mice. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2014; 10:1311-21. [PMID: 24602605 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2014.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2013] [Revised: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED PLA-PEG [poly(lactic acid)-poly (ethylene glycol)], a biodegradable copolymer, is underexploited for vaccine delivery although it exhibits enhanced biocompatibility and slow release immune-potentiating properties. We document here successful encapsulation of M278, a Chlamydia trachomatis MOMP (major outer-membrane protein) peptide, within PLA-PEG nanoparticles by size (~73-100nm), zeta potential (-16 mV), smooth morphology, encapsulation efficiency (~60%), slow release pattern, and non-toxicity to macrophages. Immunization of mice with encapsulated M278 elicited higher M278-specific T-cell cytokines [Th1 (IFN-γ, IL-2), Th17 (IL-17)] and antibodies [Th1 (IgG2a), Th2 (IgG1, IgG2b)] compared to bare M278. Encapsulated-M278 mouse serum inhibited Chlamydia infectivity of macrophages, with a concomitant transcriptional down-regulation of MOMP, its cognate TLR2 and CD80 co-stimulatory molecule. Collectively, encapsulated M278 potentiated crucial adaptive immune responses, which are required by a vaccine candidate for protective immunity against Chlamydia. Our data highlight PLA-PEG's potential for vaccines, which resides in its slow release and potentiating effects to bolster immune responses. FROM THE CLINICAL EDITOR This study highlights the potential of a PLA-PEG-based nanoparticle formulation containing a major outer membrane protein of chlamydia trachomatis in inducing a sustained enhanced immune response, paving the way to the development of a vaccination strategy against this infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Dixit
- Center for NanoBiotechnology Research (CNBR), Alabama State University, Montgomery, AL, USA
| | - Shree R Singh
- Center for NanoBiotechnology Research (CNBR), Alabama State University, Montgomery, AL, USA
| | - Abebayehu N Yilma
- Center for NanoBiotechnology Research (CNBR), Alabama State University, Montgomery, AL, USA; Global Institue of Public Health, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ronald D Agee
- Center for NanoBiotechnology Research (CNBR), Alabama State University, Montgomery, AL, USA; College of Podiatric Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, USA
| | - Murtada Taha
- Center for NanoBiotechnology Research (CNBR), Alabama State University, Montgomery, AL, USA; Department of Natural Sciences, Albany State University, Albany, GA, USA
| | - Vida A Dennis
- Center for NanoBiotechnology Research (CNBR), Alabama State University, Montgomery, AL, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Chung Y, Zhang N, Wooten RM. Borrelia burgdorferi elicited-IL-10 suppresses the production of inflammatory mediators, phagocytosis, and expression of co-stimulatory receptors by murine macrophages and/or dendritic cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e84980. [PMID: 24367705 PMCID: PMC3868605 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0084980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Borrelia burgdorferi (Bb) is a tick-borne spirochete that is the causative agent for Lyme disease. Our previous studies indicate that virulent Bb can potently enhance IL-10 production by macrophages (MØs) and that blocking IL-10 production significantly enhances bacterial clearance. We hypothesize that skin-associated APC types, such as MØs and dendritic cells (DCs) are potent producers of IL-10 in response to Bb, which may act in autocrine fashion to suppress APC responses critical for efficient Bb clearance. Our goal is to delineate which APC immune functions are dysregulated by Bb-elicited IL-10 using a murine model of Lyme disease. Our in vitro studies indicated that both APCs rapidly produce IL-10 upon exposure to Bb, that these levels inversely correlate with the production of many Lyme-relevant proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, and that APCs derived from IL-10(-/-) mice produced greater amounts of these proinflammatory mediators than wild-type APCs. Phagocytosis assays determined that Bb-elicited IL-10 levels can diminish Bb uptake and trafficking by MØs, suppresses ROS production, but does not affect NO production; Bb-elicited IL-10 had little effect on phagocytosis, ROS, and NO production by DCs. In general, Bb exposure caused little-to-no upregulation of several critical surface co-stimulatory markers by MØs and DCs, however eliminating Bb-elicited IL-10 allowed a significant upregulation in many of these co-stimulatory receptors. These data indicate that IL-10 elicited from Bb-stimulated MØs and DCs results in decreased production of proinflammatory mediators and co-stimulatory molecules, and suppress phagocytosis-associated events that are important for mediating both innate and adaptive immune responses by APCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yutein Chung
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, Ohio, United States of America
| | - R. Mark Wooten
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Luan YY, Dong N, Xie M, Xiao XZ, Yao YM. The significance and regulatory mechanisms of innate immune cells in the development of sepsis. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2013; 34:2-15. [PMID: 24006870 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2013.0042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis with subsequent multiple organ dysfunction is a pronounced systemic inflammatory response to concealed or known infection and is a leading cause of death in intensive care units. The survival rate of severe sepsis and septic shock has not markedly improved in recent decades despite a great number of receptors and molecules involved in its pathogenesis have been found and taken as therapeutic targets. It is essential to thoroughly understand the host cell-mediated immunity involved in the development of sepsis and sepsis-related organ injury. Recent studies indicate that innate immune cells (such as neutrophils, macrophages, dendritic cells, T lymphocytes, regulatory T cells, and natural killer T cells) play pivotal roles in the maintenance of peripheral homeostasis and regulation of immune responses during sepsis. Therefore, an understanding of the biological significance and pathophysiological roles of different cell populations might gain novel insights into the immunoregulatory mechanisms of sepsis. In this review, we focus on major immune cells that may play potential roles in the contribution of new therapeutic approaches for sepsis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Yi Luan
- 1 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Burns Institute, First Hospital Affiliated to the Chinese PLA General Hospital , Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|