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Charkos TG, Lemi H, Oumer KS. Dietary carotenoid intake and fracture risk based on NHANES 2013-2018 data: a propensity score matching. JOURNAL OF HEALTH, POPULATION, AND NUTRITION 2025; 44:119. [PMID: 40234943 PMCID: PMC11998245 DOI: 10.1186/s41043-025-00858-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2025] [Indexed: 04/17/2025]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Several epidemiological studies have reported inconsistent findings on the association between carotenoid intake and fracture risk. This study aimed to determine the association between individual carotenoid intake and fracture risk. METHODS A cross-sectional study based on data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 2013-2018. This study identified elderly individuals with valid and complete data on carotenoid intake and fracture risk. The average dietary intakes of α-carotene, β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, lycopene, and lutein + zeaxanthin was taken based on the two 24-hour recall interviews. Matching was done based on age, sex, and body mass index (BMI). Logistic regression models were used to test the associations between carotenoids and fracture risk. All analyses were performed by using R (version 3.4.3; R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria). RESULTS A total of 5491 (1140 cases and 4351 control) subjects were included in this study. The average age of the subjects was 55.62 ± 14.84 years old. In the adjusted model, the risk of osteoporotic fracture was decreased by 6.2% (odd ratio (OR): 0.938; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.699 to 0.989) and 1.4% (OR 0.986; 95% CI: 0.975 to 0.997) for dietary intake of beta-carotene and lycopene, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Dietary intakes of beta-carotene and lycopene have significantly reduced the risk of osteoporotic fracture among the elderly population in the United States of America.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hunde Lemi
- Department of Public Health, Adama Hospital Medical College, Adama, Ethiopia
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Zheng Y, Zhou W, Zhang J, Lan T, Zhang R. Association between dietary carotenoid intake and vertebral fracture in people aged 50 years and older: a study based on the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Arch Osteoporos 2025; 20:39. [PMID: 40089584 PMCID: PMC11910422 DOI: 10.1007/s11657-025-01508-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2025] [Indexed: 03/17/2025]
Abstract
This study discussed the association between dietary intake of carotenoids and vertebral fractures by analyzing the target data, concluding a result of negative association and providing valuable information on vertebral fracture. OBJECTIVE This study is to explore the association between dietary intake of carotenoids and vertebral fractures. METHODS Data of individuals aged ≥ 50 years from the 2013-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database were used in this cross-sectional study. Information on dietary carotenoid intake was obtained from the first 24-h dietary recall interview. Vertebral fractures were assessed using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA). The weighted multivariable logistic regression model was established to assess the association between dietary carotenoid intake and risk of vertebral fracture. Subgroup analysis of fracture history and menopausal status was performed for further analysis of this relationship. RESULTS Of the 2053 eligible study subjects, there were 1021 men and 1032 women. Increased β-carotene intake was associated with decreased odds of vertebral fracture in women (odds ratio (OR) = 0.77, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.60-0.99, P = 0.047), after adjusting for covariates. In men without a history of fracture, lutein and zeaxanthin intake was negatively associated with increased odds of vertebral fracture (OR = 0.70, 95% CI 0.50-0.99, P = 0.048). In women without a history of fracture, increased β-carotene intake was associated with decreased odds of vertebral fracture (OR = 0.78, 95% CI 0.61-0.99, P = 0.047). In postmenopausal women, β-carotene intake was also negatively associated with increased odds of vertebral fracture (OR = 0.77, 95% CI 0.60-0.99, P = 0.048). CONCLUSION This research concludes a negative association between dietary carotenoid intake, especially β-carotene, and vertebral fractures in women, revealing a potential dietary prevention tactic for vertebral fractures in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Zheng
- Department of Spine Surgery, Futian District, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, No. 3002, Sungang West Road, Shenzhen, 518035, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenyu Zhou
- Department of Spine Surgery, Futian District, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, No. 3002, Sungang West Road, Shenzhen, 518035, Guangdong, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Futian District, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, No. 3002, Sungang West Road, Shenzhen, 518035, Guangdong, China
| | - Tao Lan
- Department of Spine Surgery, Futian District, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, No. 3002, Sungang West Road, Shenzhen, 518035, Guangdong, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Futian District, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, No. 3002, Sungang West Road, Shenzhen, 518035, Guangdong, China.
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Tanaka Y, Tominari T, Takatoya M, Arai D, Sugasaki M, Ichimaru R, Miyaura C, Matsumoto C, Ma S, Suzuki K, Hirata M, Grundler FMW, Inada M. Lutein Maintains Bone Mass In Vitro and In Vivo Against Disuse-Induced Bone Loss in Hindlimb-Unloaded Mice. Nutrients 2024; 16:4271. [PMID: 39770893 PMCID: PMC11678298 DOI: 10.3390/nu16244271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2024] [Revised: 12/03/2024] [Accepted: 12/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lutein, a carotenoid, exhibits various biological activities such as maintaining the health of the eye, skin, heart, and bone. Recently, we found that lutein has dual roles in suppressing bone resorption and promoting bone formation. In this study, we examined the effects of lutein in a disuse-induced osteoporosis model using hindlimb-unloaded (HLU) mice. METHODS Osteoclast differentiation was assessed by coculturing mouse primary osteoblasts and bone marrow cells or culturing a mouse osteoclast precursor cell line. The bone-resorbing activity was determined by mouse calvarial organ cultures. An in situ docking simulation was conducted to reveal the interaction of lutein and IκB kinase (IKK) β protein. HLU mice were fed a 1% lutein-containing diet for two weeks, and the femoral bone mass was measured by μCT. RESULTS Osteoclast differentiation is significantly inhibited by lutein, astaxanthin, and β-cryptoxanthin. In contrast, only lutein promoted osteoblastic calcified bone nodule formation. To elucidate the molecular role of lutein, we functionally analyzed the NF-κB complex, a molecule involved in bone metabolism, especially in osteoclasts. Docking simulations showed that lutein binds to IKK, thus inhibiting the activation of NF-κB. In a cell culture analysis, the phosphorylation of p65, the active form of NF-κB in osteoblasts, was suppressed by lutein treatment. In vivo, a μCT analysis of the bone microarchitecture showed that lutein improves several bone parameters while maintaining bone mass. CONCLUSIONS Lutein is effective in maintaining bone mass by controlling both bone resorption and formation, which is applied to prevent disuse-induced osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Tanaka
- Cooperative Major of Advanced Health Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka, Koganei 184-8588, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Tominari
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka, Koganei 184-8588, Tokyo, Japan; (T.T.); (C.M.); (C.M.); (M.H.)
| | - Masaru Takatoya
- Cooperative Major of Advanced Health Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka, Koganei 184-8588, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daichi Arai
- Cooperative Major of Advanced Health Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka, Koganei 184-8588, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Moe Sugasaki
- Cooperative Major of Advanced Health Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka, Koganei 184-8588, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryota Ichimaru
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka, Koganei 184-8588, Tokyo, Japan; (T.T.); (C.M.); (C.M.); (M.H.)
| | - Chisato Miyaura
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka, Koganei 184-8588, Tokyo, Japan; (T.T.); (C.M.); (C.M.); (M.H.)
| | - Chiho Matsumoto
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka, Koganei 184-8588, Tokyo, Japan; (T.T.); (C.M.); (C.M.); (M.H.)
| | - Sihui Ma
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, 2-579-15 Mikajima, Tokorozawa 359-1192, Saitama, Japan; (S.M.); (K.S.)
| | - Katsuhiko Suzuki
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, 2-579-15 Mikajima, Tokorozawa 359-1192, Saitama, Japan; (S.M.); (K.S.)
| | - Michiko Hirata
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka, Koganei 184-8588, Tokyo, Japan; (T.T.); (C.M.); (C.M.); (M.H.)
| | - Florian M. W. Grundler
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, University of Bonn, Karlrobert-Kreiten-Strasse 13, 53115 Bonn, Germany;
- Life Science Inada Team, Institute of Global Innovation Research, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka, Koganei 184-8588, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaki Inada
- Cooperative Major of Advanced Health Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka, Koganei 184-8588, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka, Koganei 184-8588, Tokyo, Japan; (T.T.); (C.M.); (C.M.); (M.H.)
- Life Science Inada Team, Institute of Global Innovation Research, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka, Koganei 184-8588, Tokyo, Japan
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Yoshikawa O, Basoli V, Boschetto F, Rondinella A, Lanzutti A, Zhu W, Greco E, Thieringer FM, Xu H, Marin E. Simple Electrospinning Method for Biocompatible Polycaprolactone β-Carotene Scaffolds: Advantages and Limitations. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1371. [PMID: 38794563 PMCID: PMC11125378 DOI: 10.3390/polym16101371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, electrospun scaffolds were fabricated using polycaprolactone (PCL) loaded with varying concentrations of β-carotene (1.2%, 2.4%, and 3.6%) via the electrospinning technique. The electrospinning process involved the melting of PCL in acetic acid, followed by the incorporation of β-carotene powder under constant stirring. Raman spectroscopy revealed a homogeneous distribution of β-carotene within the PCL matrix. However, the β-carotene appeared in particulate form, rather than being dissolved and blended with the PCL matrix, a result also confirmed by thermogravimetric analysis. Additionally, X-ray diffraction analysis indicated a decrease in crystallinity with increasing β-carotene concentration. Mechanical testing of the scaffolds demonstrated an increase in ultimate strain, accompanied by a reduction in ultimate stress, indicating a potential plasticizing effect. Moreover, antimicrobial assays revealed a marginal antibacterial effect against Escherichia coli for scaffolds with higher β-carotene concentrations. Conversely, preliminary biological assessment using KUSA-A1 mesenchymal cells indicated enhanced cellular proliferation in response to the scaffolds, suggesting the potential biocompatibility and cell-stimulating properties of β-carotene-loaded PCL scaffolds. Overall, this study provides insights into the fabrication and characterization of electrospun PCL scaffolds containing β-carotene, laying the groundwork for further exploration in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orion Yoshikawa
- Ceramic Physics Laboratory, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Sakyo-ku, Matsugasaki, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan; (O.Y.); (W.Z.)
| | - Valentina Basoli
- Medical Additive Manufacturing Research Group (Swiss MAM), Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Hegenheimermattweg 167C, 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland; (V.B.); (F.M.T.)
| | - Francesco Boschetto
- Center for Excellence in Hip, Scottish Rite for Children, Dallas, TX 75219, USA;
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Alfredo Rondinella
- Polytechnic Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy; (A.R.); (A.L.)
| | - Alex Lanzutti
- Polytechnic Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy; (A.R.); (A.L.)
| | - Wenliang Zhu
- Ceramic Physics Laboratory, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Sakyo-ku, Matsugasaki, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan; (O.Y.); (W.Z.)
| | - Enrico Greco
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy;
- National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), Trieste Research Unity, Via G. Giusti 9, 50121 Firenze, Italy
| | - Florian Markus Thieringer
- Medical Additive Manufacturing Research Group (Swiss MAM), Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Hegenheimermattweg 167C, 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland; (V.B.); (F.M.T.)
- Clinic of Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Huaizhong Xu
- Department of Biobased Materials Science, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Sakyo-ku, Matsugasaki, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan;
| | - Elia Marin
- Polytechnic Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy; (A.R.); (A.L.)
- Biomaterials Engineering Laboratory, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Sakyo-ku, Matsugasaki, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
- Biomedical Research Center, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Sakyo-ku, Matsugasaki, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
- Materials Innovation Laboratory, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Sakyo-ku, Matsugasaki, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
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5
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O'Connor D, Molloy AM, Laird E, Kenny RA, O'Halloran AM. Sustaining an ageing population: the role of micronutrients in frailty and cognitive impairment. Proc Nutr Soc 2023; 82:315-328. [PMID: 36938798 DOI: 10.1017/s0029665123002707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
Abstract
Age-related frailty and cognitive decline are complex multidimensional conditions that significantly impact the ability of older adults to sustain functional capacity and independence. While underlying causes remain poorly understood, nutrition continually emerges as one associated risk element. Many studies have addressed the importance of adequate nutrition in delaying the onset of these conditions, but the specific role of micronutrients is not well established. The consideration of pre-frailty as an outcome variable is also limited in the current literature. In this review, we focus on the potential value of maintaining micronutrient sufficiency to sustaining the health of the ageing population. Using data from the Irish longitudinal study on ageing, we consider several vitamins known to have a high prevalence of low status in older adults and their impact on pre-frailty, frailty and cognitive impairment. They include vitamin B12 and folate, both of which are associated with multiple biological mechanisms involved in long-term health, in particular in cognitive function; vitamin D, which has been associated with increased risk of musculoskeletal disorders, depression and other chronic diseases; and the carotenoids, lutein and zeaxanthin, that may help mitigate the risk of frailty and cognitive decline via their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. We show that low concentrations of folate and carotenoids are implicated in poorer cognitive health and that the co-occurrence of multiple nutrient deficiencies confers greatest risk for frailty and pre-frailty in the Irish longitudinal study on ageing cohort. These health associations contribute to evidence needed to optimise micronutrient status for health in the older adult population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deirdre O'Connor
- TILDA, Medical Gerontology, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Anne M Molloy
- School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Eamon Laird
- TILDA, Medical Gerontology, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Rose Anne Kenny
- TILDA, Medical Gerontology, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Mercer's Institute for Successful Ageing, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Aisling M O'Halloran
- TILDA, Medical Gerontology, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
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Wang M, Tang R, Zhou R, Qian Y, Di D. The protective effect of serum carotenoids on cardiovascular disease: a cross-sectional study from the general US adult population. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1154239. [PMID: 37502714 PMCID: PMC10368866 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1154239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cardiovascular disease (CVD) has become a key global health issue. Serum carotenoids are associated with CVD, while their effects on different diseases remain unclear. Herein, the relationship between the concentration of serum carotenoid and the CVD risk was investigated using nationwide adult samples obtained from the USA. Materials and methods Data of National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) in 2001-2006 were employed. The association of serum carotenoids (total, lycopene, β-carotene, α-carotene, lutein/zeaxanthin, and β-cryptoxanthin) with CVD was explored by using multivariate logistic, linear and weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression analyses. Eventually, data from 12,424 volunteers were analyzed for this study. Results Multivariate model data showed that lutein/zeaxanthin, α-carotene, lycopene, and β-cryptoxanthin were negatively associated with the prevalence of CVD (p < 0.05). In comparison with the first quartile, the fourth quartile was associated with α-carotene ([OR] = 0.61 [0.47-0.79]), β-cryptoxanthin (OR = 0.67 [0.50-0.89]), lutein (OR = 0.69 [0.54-0.86]), and lycopene (OR = 0.53 [0.41-0.67]). WQS analysis revealed that the combination of serum carotenoids had negative correlation with the prevalence of total CVD (OR = 0.88, 95% CI: 0.85-0.92, p < 0.001). Additionally, dose-response analysis demonstrated a negative linear association of hypertension with all the carotenoids involved (p > 0.05 for non-linearity). Conclusion The concentration of serum carotenoids had negative correlation with the prevalence of CVD, with a more significant negative effect against heart attack and stroke.
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Tan KML, Chee J, Lim KLM, Ng M, Gong M, Xu J, Tin F, Natarajan P, Lee BL, Ong CN, Tint MT, Kee MZL, Müller-Riemenschneider F, Gluckman PD, Meaney MJ, Kumar M, Karnani N, Eriksson JG, Nandanan B, Wyss A, Cameron-Smith D. Safety, Tolerability, and Pharmacokinetics of β-Cryptoxanthin Supplementation in Healthy Women: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15102325. [PMID: 37242207 DOI: 10.3390/nu15102325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND β-cryptoxanthin is a dietary carotenoid for which there have been few studies on the safety and pharmacokinetics following daily oral supplementation. METHODS 90 healthy Asian women between 21 and 35 years were randomized into three groups: 3 and 6 mg/day oral β-cryptoxanthin, and placebo. At 2, 4, and 8 weeks of supplementation, plasma carotenoid levels were measured. The effects of β-cryptoxanthin on blood retinoid-dependent gene expression, mood, physical activity and sleep, metabolic parameters, and fecal microbial composition were investigated. RESULTS β-cryptoxanthin supplementation for 8 weeks (3 and 6 mg/day) was found to be safe and well tolerated. Plasma β-cryptoxanthin concentration was significantly higher in the 6 mg/day group (9.0 ± 4.1 µmol/L) compared to 3 mg/day group (6.0 ± 2.6 µmol/L) (p < 0.03), and placebo (0.4 ± 0.1 µmol/L) (p < 0.001) after 8 weeks. Plasma all-trans retinol, α-cryptoxanthin, α-carotene, β-carotene, lycopene, lutein, and zeaxanthin levels were not significantly changed. No effects were found on blood retinol-dependent gene expression, mood, physical activity and sleep, metabolic parameters, and fecal microbial composition. CONCLUSIONS Oral β-cryptoxanthin supplementation over 8 weeks lead to high plasma concentrations of β-cryptoxanthin, with no impact on other carotenoids, and was well tolerated in healthy women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen M L Tan
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science Technology and Research Singapore, Singapore 117609, Singapore
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore 119074, Singapore
| | - Jolene Chee
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science Technology and Research Singapore, Singapore 117609, Singapore
| | - Kezlyn L M Lim
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science Technology and Research Singapore, Singapore 117609, Singapore
| | - Maisie Ng
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science Technology and Research Singapore, Singapore 117609, Singapore
- Bioinformatics Institute, Agency for Science Technology and Research Singapore, Singapore 138671, Singapore
| | - Min Gong
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science Technology and Research Singapore, Singapore 117609, Singapore
| | - Jia Xu
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science Technology and Research Singapore, Singapore 117609, Singapore
| | - Felicia Tin
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science Technology and Research Singapore, Singapore 117609, Singapore
| | - Padmapriya Natarajan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117549, Singapore
| | - Bee Lan Lee
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117549, Singapore
| | - Choon Nam Ong
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117549, Singapore
| | - Mya Thway Tint
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science Technology and Research Singapore, Singapore 117609, Singapore
- Human Potential Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Michelle Z L Kee
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science Technology and Research Singapore, Singapore 117609, Singapore
| | - Falk Müller-Riemenschneider
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117549, Singapore
- Digital Health Centre, Berlin Institute of Health, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10179 Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter D Gluckman
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science Technology and Research Singapore, Singapore 117609, Singapore
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Michael J Meaney
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science Technology and Research Singapore, Singapore 117609, Singapore
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Mukkesh Kumar
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science Technology and Research Singapore, Singapore 117609, Singapore
- Bioinformatics Institute, Agency for Science Technology and Research Singapore, Singapore 138671, Singapore
| | - Neerja Karnani
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science Technology and Research Singapore, Singapore 117609, Singapore
- Bioinformatics Institute, Agency for Science Technology and Research Singapore, Singapore 138671, Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Johan G Eriksson
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science Technology and Research Singapore, Singapore 117609, Singapore
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
- Human Potential Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
- Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki, 00100 Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Center, 00250 Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Adrian Wyss
- DSM Nutritional Products Ltd., 4001 Basel, Switzerland
| | - David Cameron-Smith
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science Technology and Research Singapore, Singapore 117609, Singapore
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
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Zhang R, Ni Z, Wei M, Cui Y, Zhou H, Di D, Wang Q. Composite dietary antioxidant intake and osteoporosis likelihood in premenopausal and postmenopausal women: a population-based study in the United States. Menopause 2023; 30:529-538. [PMID: 36944153 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000002173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Osteoporosis is a skeletal disease characterized by low bone mass, reduced bone strength, and increased fracture risk. We aimed to investigate the association between combined dietary antioxidant intake and the likelihood of osteoporosis in premenopausal and postmenopausal women, based on data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. METHODS Nutrient intake data were obtained using two 24-hour recalls. Composite dietary antioxidant index (CDAI), which refers to the intake amounts of β-carotene, vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin E, selenium, zinc, copper, and iron, was then constructed. Prevalent osteoporosis was defined according to bone mineral density T scores of ≤ -2.5 and self-reports. Multiple logistic and Poisson regression models were used for association analyses. RESULTS A total of 3,418 participants (1,157 premenopausal and 2,261 postmenopausal women) 40 years or older were included, 776 (22.70%) of whom had prevalent osteoporosis. In terms of individual nutrients, postmenopausal women in the highest CDAI quartiles for dietary β-carotene, vitamin A, vitamin C, and iron intakes had a low likelihood of osteoporosis. Regarding the CDAI-osteoporosis association, postmenopausal women in the highest quartile were less likely to have osteoporosis (OR Q3 vs Q1 , 0.64; 95% CI, 0.43-0.96; OR Q4 vs Q1 , 0.56; 95% CI, 0.35-0.89; P for trend = 0.013), after controlling for covariates. CONCLUSIONS CDAI was negatively associated with the likelihood of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. Our findings suggest that the combined intake of antioxidant nutrients can help reduce the likelihood of osteoporosis in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruyi Zhang
- From the MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zemin Ni
- Women and Children Medical Center for Jiang-an District, Wuhan, China
| | - Muhong Wei
- From the MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuan Cui
- From the MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Haolong Zhou
- From the MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dongsheng Di
- From the MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qi Wang
- From the MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Mustafa Khalid N, Haron H, Shahar S, Fenech M. Current Evidence on the Association of Micronutrient Malnutrition with Mild Cognitive Impairment, Frailty, and Cognitive Frailty among Older Adults: A Scoping Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:15722. [PMID: 36497797 PMCID: PMC9736259 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192315722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Micronutrient malnutrition is thought to play an important role in the cause of cognitive impairment and physical frailty. The purpose of this scoping review was to map current evidence on the association between micronutrient deficiency in blood and mild cognitive impairment, frailty, and cognitive frailty among older adults. The scoping review was conducted based on the 2005 methodological framework by Arksey and O'Malley. The search strategy for potential literature on micronutrient concentration in blood and cognitive frailty was retrieved based on the keywords using electronic databases (PubMed, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, Ovid, and Science Direct) from January 2010 to December 2021. Gray literature was also included in the searches. A total of 4310 articles were retrieved and 43 articles were incorporated in the review. Findings revealed a trend of significant association between low levels of B vitamins (folate and vitamin B12), vitamin D, vitamin A, vitamin E, omega 3 fatty acid, and albumin, and high homocysteine levels in blood with an increased risk of mild cognitive impairment among older adults. The results also indicated that low vitamin D levels, albumin, and antioxidants (lutein and zeaxanthin) in blood were significantly associated with frailty among older adults, while β-cryptoxanthin and zeaxanthin in blood were inversely associated with the risk of cognitive frailty. Vitamin D and antioxidants seemed to be targeted nutrients for the prevention of cognitive frailty. In conclusion, a wide range of micronutrient deficiency was associated with either mild cognitive impairment or frailty; however, little evidence exists on the dual impairment, i.e., cognitive frailty. This scoping review can serve as preliminary evidence for the association between micronutrient deficiency in blood and mild cognitive impairment, frailty, and cognitive frailty among older adults and prove the relevancy of the topic for future systematic reviews.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norhayati Mustafa Khalid
- Center for Healthy Aging and Wellness, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia
| | - Hasnah Haron
- Center for Healthy Aging and Wellness, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia
| | - Suzana Shahar
- Center for Healthy Aging and Wellness, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia
| | - Michael Fenech
- Center for Healthy Aging and Wellness, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia
- Genome Health Foundation, North Brighton, SA 5048, Australia
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Gao SS, Zhao Y. The effects of β-carotene on osteoporosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Osteoporos Int 2022; 34:627-639. [PMID: 36380163 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-022-06593-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim is to evaluate the effect of β-carotene for osteoporosis and provide quantitative evidence. METHOD PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library were searched for eligible studies. Fifteen studies were included. Random-effect model was applied to pool the odds ratio (OR). The risk of osteoporosis and fracture were compared between low β-carotene intake group and high β-carotene intake group. RESULT The intake of β-carotene was unassociated with the overall risk of osteoporosis [OR = 0.733, 95% Cl (0.528, 1.018), p = 0.064]. Subgroup analysis showed that the intake of β-carotene was negatively associated with the risk of osteoporosis in both male subgroup [OR = 0.7, 95% Cl (0.549, 0.893), I2 = 40.40%, p = 0.004] and female subgroup [OR = 0.684, 95% Cl (0.487, 0.960), I2 = 86.40%, p = 0.028]. There was also a negative association between β-carotene intake and osteoporosis in Asia subgroup [OR = 0.512, 95% Cl (0.403, 0.650), I2 = 0.00%, p = 0], whereas no association was observed in Western subgroup [OR = 1.107, 95% Cl (0.908, 1.350), I2 = 2.30%, p = 0.314]. In addition, random-effect model was adopted to pool the standard mean difference (SMD), and the results showed that β-carotene intake was positively associated with overall bone mineral density (BMD) [SMD = - 0.213, 95% Cl (- 0.391, - 0.034), I2 = 87.30%, p = 0.019]. Subgroup analysis showed that β-carotene intake was positively associated with BMD in Asian participants [SMD = - 0.394, 95% Cl (- 0.461, - 0.328), I2 = 0, p = 0], while unassociated in Western participants [SMD = - 0.047, 95% Cl (- 0.314, 0.219), I2 = 78.9%, p = 0.727]. CONCLUSION β-carotene may improve BMD and reduce the risk of osteoporosis and fracture. However, these effects could vary by gender and race and need to be further validated by longitudinal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sa Sa Gao
- Shi's Center of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Traumatology & Orthopedics, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongfang Zhao
- Shi's Center of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Institute of Traumatology & Orthopedics, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Science and Technology Department, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, China.
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11
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Protective Effect of Virgin Coconut Oil on Osteopenia Induced by High Refined Carbohydrate-Containing Diet in Mice. Foods 2022; 11:foods11182800. [PMID: 36140928 PMCID: PMC9498055 DOI: 10.3390/foods11182800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Obesity leads to chronic low-grade inflammation, promoting detrimental effects on bone. The consumption of virgin coconut oil (VCO) is associated with benefits related to meta-inflammation. We evaluated the effect of VCO supplementation on osteopenia promoted by diet-induced obesity in mice. Methods: Male BALB/c mice were fed a control (C) or highly refined carbohydrate-containing (HC) diet for eight weeks. After that, the HC diet group was supplemented with three doses of VCO for four weeks. Results: The HC diet increased the adiposity and leptin levels associated with augmented systemic inflammatory cells improved with VCO supplementation. The HC diet reduced the trabecular bone in the tibia, lumbar vertebrae, distal and proximal femur, as well as the bone mineral density of the femur and alveolar bone. The VCO supplementation reverted bone osteopenia by increasing the trabecular bone in different sites and improving femur and alveolar bone microarchitecture. Although the reduced number of osteoblasts in the alveolar bone of the HC diet group was not significantly enhanced by VCO supplementation, the reduced Alp expression in the HC diet group was enhanced in the VCO group. These beneficial effects were associated with lowering the Rankl/Opg ratio. Conclusion: VCO supplementation might be an effective strategy to attenuate bone osteopenic effects induced by obesity.
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12
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Pushparani VP, Baskar G. Synthesize and characterization of CaOx crystals against various citrus waste peel extracts: an in vitro study. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2022; 53:353-365. [PMID: 35765831 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2022.2090003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Citrus fruits have been consumed by world's population for several centuries. Since it's an edible source possesses various uses in treating many diseases. Among various diseases urolithiasis is one of the major issues globally demands in painless surgical treatment. Calcium Oxalate (CaOx) is found to be the most prevailing constituent of renal calculus in humans which tends to be the categories of the urolithiasis. Citric acid is commonly used in treating to dissolve them in medications. Citrate compound has the ability to bind with calcium stones to relieve oxalates in urine. The objective of the present study is to assess the efficacy of citrate compounds from waste citrate peels describing the inhibition of calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystals. Multistep extraction procedures were performed for the selected citrus peels of Citrus limon, Citrus limetta and Citrus sinensis using different solvents (hexane, aqueous and ethanol) and were tested for its inhibitory actions with different parameters against the synthesized CaOx crystals. The synthetic CaOx crystals were characterized by Microscopy, FTIR, SEM, XRD, and TGA. The structural change in the crystal was observed for inhibition at various stages like nucleation, growth and aggregation when treated with the ethanol extracts of citrus peels. Thus the present investigation concludes that the ethanol extracts of C. sinensis peels highly inhibits at a concentration of 1000 (µg/mL) in 60 min when compared to other solvents. This research would give additional information in preparation of drugs against CaOx urolithiasis in future pharmaceutical development processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Priscilla Pushparani
- Department of Biotechnology, St. Peter's College of Engineering and Technology, Chennai, India
| | - G Baskar
- Departmnet of Biotechnology, St, Joesph's College of Engineering, Chennai, India
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Kan B, Guo D, Yuan B, Vuong AM, Jiang D, Zhang M, Cheng H, Zhao Q, Li B, Feng L, Huang F, Wang N, Shen X, Yang S. Dietary carotenoid intake and osteoporosis: the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2005-2018. Arch Osteoporos 2021; 17:2. [PMID: 34878583 DOI: 10.1007/s11657-021-01047-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Higher intake of β-carotene and β-cryptoxanthin were associated with lower risk of osteoporosis. A very high intake of lutein + zeaxanthin was also associated with lower risk of osteoporosis. These results support the beneficial role of carotenoids on bone health. PURPOSE To examine the associations of α-carotene, β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, lycopene, and lutein + zeaxanthin intake with the risk of osteoporosis based on the cross-sectional data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 2005-2018. METHODS This study identified individuals ≥ 50 years old with valid and complete data on carotenoid intake and bone mineral density (BMD). Intake of α-carotene, β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, lycopene, and lutein + zeaxanthin was averaged from two 24-h recall interviews. BMD was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and converted to T-scores; osteoporosis was defined as a T-score ≤ - 2.5. We used logistic regression models to test the associations between carotenoids and osteoporosis, adjusting for factors such as age, sex, race, and education. RESULTS Participants were on average 61.9 years of age, with 57.5% identifying as females. Higher quintiles of β-carotene (odds ratio [OR] for quintile 5 vs. 1:0.33; 95% CI: 0.19-0.59; P for trend = 0.010) and β-cryptoxanthin intake (OR for quintile 5 vs. 1:0.61; 95% CI: 0.39-0.97; P for trend = 0.037) were associated with reduced risk of osteoporosis. Similar and marginally significant results for lutein + zeaxanthin intake was found (OR for quintile 5 vs. 1:0.53; 95% CI: 0.30-0.94; P for trend = 0.076). There was no association of α-carotene and lycopene intake with osteoporosis. These associations did not differ by sex (all P_interaction > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Higher β-carotene and β-cryptoxanthin intake was associated with decreased osteoporosis risk. A very high intake of lutein + zeaxanthin was also associated with lower risk of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Kan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Dingjie Guo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 232-1163 Xinmin Street, Jilin, 130021, Changchun, China
| | - Baoming Yuan
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Ann M Vuong
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Depeng Jiang
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Mengmeng Zhang
- FAW General Hospital of Jilin Province, Changchun City, Jilin, China
| | - Haitao Cheng
- FAW General Hospital of Jilin Province, Changchun City, Jilin, China
| | - Qianqian Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 232-1163 Xinmin Street, Jilin, 130021, Changchun, China
| | - Binbin Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 232-1163 Xinmin Street, Jilin, 130021, Changchun, China
| | - Lijie Feng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 232-1163 Xinmin Street, Jilin, 130021, Changchun, China
| | - Fengyi Huang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 232-1163 Xinmin Street, Jilin, 130021, Changchun, China
| | - Na Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 232-1163 Xinmin Street, Jilin, 130021, Changchun, China
| | - Xue Shen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 232-1163 Xinmin Street, Jilin, 130021, Changchun, China
| | - Shuman Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 232-1163 Xinmin Street, Jilin, 130021, Changchun, China.
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15
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Honda M, Murakami K, Osawa Y, Kawashima Y, Hirasawa K, Kuroda I. Z-Isomers of Astaxanthin Exhibit Greater Bioavailability and Tissue Accumulation Efficiency than the All- E-Isomer. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:3489-3495. [PMID: 33689342 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c00087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to clarify the differences in the bioavailability and tissue accumulation efficiency between (all-E)- and (Z)-astaxanthin. Astaxanthin with a high proportion of the Z-isomer (especially rich in the 9Z- and 13Z-isomers) was prepared from (all-E)-astaxanthin by thermal treatment and solid-liquid separation. The all-E-isomer- or Z-isomer-rich diet was fed to male rats for 2 weeks. After the feeding period, blood and tissue samples were collected, and their astaxanthin levels were evaluated. The Z-isomer-rich astaxanthin diet resulted in higher levels of astaxanthin in blood and many tissues (in particular, skin, lung, prostate, and eye) compared to the all-E-isomer-rich diet. Moreover, the Z-isomer-rich diet enhanced the level of the 13Z-isomer in blood and tissues rather than that of the 9Z-isomer. These results strongly supported that astaxanthin Z-isomers have greater bioavailability and tissue accumulation efficiency than the all-E-isomer. Moreover, (13Z)-astaxanthin would have higher bioavailability and tissue accumulation than the other isomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Honda
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science & Technology, Meijo University, Shiogamaguchi, Tempaku-ku, Nagoya 468-8502, Japan
| | - Kazuya Murakami
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science & Technology, Meijo University, Shiogamaguchi, Tempaku-ku, Nagoya 468-8502, Japan
- Department of Materials Process Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8603, Japan
| | - Yukiko Osawa
- Biotechnology R&D Group, ENEOS Corporation, Chidoricho, Naka-ku, Yokohama 231-0815, Japan
| | - Yuki Kawashima
- Biotechnology R&D Group, ENEOS Corporation, Chidoricho, Naka-ku, Yokohama 231-0815, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Hirasawa
- Biotechnology R&D Group, ENEOS Corporation, Chidoricho, Naka-ku, Yokohama 231-0815, Japan
| | - Ikuo Kuroda
- Biotechnology R&D Group, ENEOS Corporation, Chidoricho, Naka-ku, Yokohama 231-0815, Japan
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16
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Fujii H, Nonaka K, Minamikawa MF, Endo T, Sugiyama A, Hamazaki K, Iwata H, Omura M, Shimada T. Allelic composition of carotenoid metabolic genes in 13 founders influences carotenoid composition in juice sac tissues of fruits among Japanese citrus breeding population. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0246468. [PMID: 33539435 PMCID: PMC7861536 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0246468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
To enrich carotenoids, especially β-cryptoxanthin, in juice sac tissues of fruits via molecular breeding in citrus, allele mining was utilized to dissect allelic variation of carotenoid metabolic genes and identify an optimum allele on the target loci characterized by expression quantitative trait (eQTL) analysis. SNPs of target carotenoid metabolic genes in 13 founders of the Japanese citrus breeding population were explored using the SureSelect target enrichment method. An independent allele was determined based on the presence or absence of reliable SNPs, using trio analysis to confirm inheritability between parent and offspring. Among the 13 founders, there were 7 PSY alleles, 7 HYb alleles, 11 ZEP alleles, 5 NCED alleles, and 4 alleles for the eQTL that control the transcription levels of PDS and ZDS among the ancestral species, indicating that some founders acquired those alleles from them. The carotenoid composition data of 263 breeding pedigrees in juice sac tissues revealed that the phenotypic variance of carotenoid composition was similar to that in the 13 founders, whereas the mean of total carotenoid content increased. This increase in total carotenoid content correlated with the increase in either or both β-cryptoxanthin and violaxanthin in juice sac tissues. Bayesian statistical analysis between allelic composition of target genes and carotenoid composition in 263 breeding pedigrees indicated that PSY-a and ZEP-e alleles at PSY and ZEP loci had strong positive effects on increasing the total carotenoid content, including β-cryptoxanthin and violaxanthin, in juice sac tissues. Moreover, the pyramiding of these alleles also increased the β-cryptoxanthin content. Interestingly, the offset interaction between the alleles with increasing and decreasing effects on carotenoid content and the epistatic interaction among carotenoid metabolic genes were observed and these interactions complexed carotenoid profiles in breeding population. These results revealed that allele composition would highly influence the carotenoid composition in citrus fruits. The allelic genotype information for the examined carotenoid metabolic genes in major citrus varieties and the trio-tagged SNPs to discriminate the optimum alleles (PSY-a and ZEP-e) from the rest would promise citrus breeders carotenoid enrichment in fruit via molecular breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Fujii
- National Agriculture and Food Research Organization Institute of Fruit and Tea Tree Science, Shimizu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Keisuke Nonaka
- National Agriculture and Food Research Organization Institute of Fruit and Tea Tree Science, Shimizu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Mai F. Minamikawa
- Laboratory of Biometry and Bioinformatics, Department of Agricultural and Environmental Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoko Endo
- National Agriculture and Food Research Organization Institute of Fruit and Tea Tree Science, Shimizu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Aiko Sugiyama
- Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, Suruga, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Kosuke Hamazaki
- Laboratory of Biometry and Bioinformatics, Department of Agricultural and Environmental Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyoshi Iwata
- Laboratory of Biometry and Bioinformatics, Department of Agricultural and Environmental Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Omura
- Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, Suruga, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Takehiko Shimada
- National Agriculture and Food Research Organization Institute of Fruit and Tea Tree Science, Shimizu, Shizuoka, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Kim SJ, Anh NH, Diem NC, Park S, Cho YH, Long NP, Hwang IG, Lim J, Kwon SW. Effects of β-Cryptoxanthin on Improvement in Osteoporosis Risk: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies. Foods 2021; 10:foods10020296. [PMID: 33540706 PMCID: PMC7913073 DOI: 10.3390/foods10020296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Many studies have analyzed the effects of β-cryptoxanthin (BCX) on osteoporosis and bone health. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed at providing quantitative evidence for the effects of BCX on osteoporosis. Publications were selected and retrieved from three databases and carefully screened to evaluate their eligibility. Data from the final 15 eligible studies were extracted and uniformly summarized. Among the 15 studies, seven including 100,496 individuals provided information for the meta-analysis. A random effects model was applied to integrate the odds ratio (OR) to compare the risk of osteoporosis and osteoporosis-related complications between the groups with high and low intake of BCX. A high intake of BCX was significantly correlated with a reduced risk of osteoporosis (OR = 0.79, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.70–0.90, p = 0.0002). The results remained significant when patients were stratified into male and female subgroups as well as Western and Asian cohorts. A high intake of BCX was also negatively associated with the incidence of hip fracture (OR = 0.71, 95% CI 0.54–0.94, p = 0.02). The results indicate that BCX intake potentially reduces the risk of osteoporosis and hip fracture. Further longitudinal studies are needed to validate the causality of current findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Jo Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (S.J.K.); (N.H.A.)
| | - Nguyen Hoang Anh
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (S.J.K.); (N.H.A.)
| | - Nguyen Co Diem
- School of Medicine, Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City 70000, Vietnam;
| | - Seongoh Park
- Department of Statistics, Sungshin Women’s University, Seoul 02844, Korea;
| | - Young Hyun Cho
- Department of Statistics, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (Y.H.C.); (J.L.)
| | - Nguyen Phuoc Long
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea;
| | - In Guk Hwang
- Researcher, Department of Agrofood Resources, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Korea;
| | - Johan Lim
- Department of Statistics, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (Y.H.C.); (J.L.)
| | - Sung Won Kwon
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (S.J.K.); (N.H.A.)
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea;
- Correspondence:
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18
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Hara Y, Sugawara A, Cris Yamada K, Endo K, Ashitani S, Igarashi K, Soga T, Shinjo A, Kuroda H. Comprehensive Measurement and Comparison of Ionic Small Molecules Contained in Citrus Unshiu Marc. Using Metabolomic Analysis. J JPN SOC FOOD SCI 2020. [DOI: 10.3136/nskkk.67.499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Hara
- Graduate School of Media and Governance, Keio University
- AOI-Laboratory, Keio Research Institute at SFC
| | - Ayaka Sugawara
- Faculty of Environment and Information Studies, Keio University
| | - Kosuke Cris Yamada
- Graduate School of Media and Governance, Keio University
- AOI-Laboratory, Keio Research Institute at SFC
| | - Keiko Endo
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University
| | | | | | - Tomoyoshi Soga
- Graduate School of Media and Governance, Keio University
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University
| | - Atsushi Shinjo
- Graduate School of Media and Governance, Keio University
- Faculty of Environment and Information Studies, Keio University
- AOI-Laboratory, Keio Research Institute at SFC
| | - Hiroki Kuroda
- Graduate School of Media and Governance, Keio University
- Faculty of Environment and Information Studies, Keio University
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University
- AOI-Laboratory, Keio Research Institute at SFC
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Umigai N, Kozai Y, Saito T, Takara T. Effects of paprika carotenoid supplementation on bone turnover in postmenopausal women: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group comparison study. Food Nutr Res 2020; 64:4565. [PMID: 33240029 PMCID: PMC7672447 DOI: 10.29219/fnr.v64.4565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Paprika (Capsicum annuum L.) is a good source of carotenoids, including capsanthin, β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, and zeaxanthin. Several epidemiological studies have shown a beneficial association of intake of these carotenoids or their blood concentration with bone mineral density (BMD) and fracture risk. However, little information is available regarding the effect of intake of these carotenoids on bone metabolism in postmenopausal women. Objective The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of paprika carotenoid extract (PCE) on bone turnover in healthy, postmenopausal women. Design We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group comparison study. One hundred participants were randomly assigned to PCE or placebo groups. Each group was given a 20 mg PCE (equivalent to 1.4 mg of carotenoids) a day or a placebo for 24 weeks. We measured bone resorption markers (tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b [TRACP-5b] and serum type I collagen cross-linked N-telopeptide [sNTX]) at 12 and 24 weeks and bone formation markers (bone alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin) at 24 weeks. Results The percentage decrease of TRACP-5b at 24 weeks was significantly higher for PCE than the placebo. There were no significant differences in sNTX or bone formation markers, although PCE decreased each marker compared with the placebo. Conclusion Our findings suggest that PCE supplementation suppresses bone resorption and contributes to maintaining bone quality in postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yusuke Kozai
- Department of Dentomaxillofacial Diagnosis and Treatment, Kanagawa Dental University, Kanagawa, Japan
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Keirns BH, Lucas EA, Smith BJ. Phytochemicals affect T helper 17 and T regulatory cells and gut integrity: implications on the gut-bone axis. Nutr Res 2020; 83:30-48. [PMID: 33010588 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2020.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The pathology of osteoporosis is multifactorial, but a growing body of evidence supports an important role of the gut-bone axis, especially in bone loss associated with menopause, rheumatoid arthritis, and periodontal disease. Aberrant T cell responses favoring an increase in the ratio of T helper 17 cells to T regulatory cells play a critical role in the underlying etiology of this bone loss. Many of the dietary phytochemicals known to have osteoprotective activity such as flavonoids, organosulfur compounds, phenolic acids, as well as the oligosaccharides also improve gut barrier function and affect T cell differentiation and activation within gut-associated lymphoid tissues and at distal sites. Here, we examine the potential of these phytochemicals to act as prebiotics and immunomodulating agents, in part targeting the gut to mediate their effects on bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryant H Keirns
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078.
| | - Edralin A Lucas
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078.
| | - Brenda J Smith
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078.
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Karn A, Zhao C, Yang F, Cui J, Gao Z, Wang M, Wang F, Xiao H, Zheng J. In-vivo biotransformation of citrus functional components and their effects on health. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 61:756-776. [PMID: 32255367 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1746234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Citrus, one of the most popular fruits worldwide, contains various functional components, including flavonoids, dietary fibers (DFs), essential oils (EOs), synephrines, limonoids, and carotenoids. The functional components of citrus attract special attention due to their health-promoting effects. Food components undergo complex biotransformation by host itself and the gut microbiota after oral intake, which alters their bioaccessibility, bioavailability, and bioactivity in the host body. To better understand the health effects of citrus fruits, it is important to understand the in-vivo biotransformation of citrus functional components. We reviewed the biotransformation of citrus functional components (flavonoids, DFs, EOs, synephrines, limonoids, and carotenoids) in the body from their intake to excretion. In addition, we described the importance of biotransformation in terms of health effects. This review would facilitate mechanistic understanding of the health-promoting effect of citrus and its functional components, and also provide guidance for the development of health-promoting foods based on citrus and its functional components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhisek Karn
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chengying Zhao
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Feilong Yang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiefen Cui
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zili Gao
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Minqi Wang
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Fengzhong Wang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hang Xiao
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jinkai Zheng
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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22
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Salonia F, Ciacciulli A, Poles L, Pappalardo HD, La Malfa S, Licciardello C. New Plant Breeding Techniques in Citrus for the Improvement of Important Agronomic Traits. A Review. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:1234. [PMID: 32922420 PMCID: PMC7456868 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.01234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
New plant breeding techniques (NPBTs) aim to overcome traditional breeding limits for fruit tree species, in order to obtain new varieties with improved organoleptic traits and resistance to biotic and abiotic stress, and to maintain fruit quality achieved over centuries by (clonal) selection. Knowledge on the gene(s) controlling a specific trait is essential for the use of NPBTs, such as genome editing and cisgenesis. In the framework of the international scientific community working on fruit tree species, including citrus, NPBTs have mainly been applied to address pathogen threats. Citrus could take advantage of NPBTs because of its complex species biology (seedlessness, apomixis, high heterozygosity, and long juvenility phase) and aptitude for in vitro manipulation. To our knowledge, genome editing in citrus via transgenesis has successful for induced resistance to Citrus bacterial canker in sweet orange and grapefruit using the resistance gene CsLOB1. In the future, NPBTs will also be used to improve fruit traits, making them healthier. The regeneration of plants following the application of NPBTs is a bottleneck, making it necessary to optimize the efficiency of current protocols. The strengths and weaknesses of using explants from young in vitro plantlets, and from mature plants, will be discussed. Other major issues addressed in this review are related to the requirement for marker-free systems and shortening the long juvenility phase. This review aims to summarize methods and approaches available in the literature that are suitable to citrus, focusing on the principles observed before the use of NPBTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Salonia
- CREA - Research Centre for Olive, Fruit and Citrus Crops, Acireale, Italy
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (Di3A), University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Angelo Ciacciulli
- CREA - Research Centre for Olive, Fruit and Citrus Crops, Acireale, Italy
| | - Lara Poles
- CREA - Research Centre for Olive, Fruit and Citrus Crops, Acireale, Italy
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (Di3A), University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | | - Stefano La Malfa
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (Di3A), University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- *Correspondence: Stefano La Malfa, ; Concetta Licciardello,
| | - Concetta Licciardello
- CREA - Research Centre for Olive, Fruit and Citrus Crops, Acireale, Italy
- *Correspondence: Stefano La Malfa, ; Concetta Licciardello,
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Fathalipour M, Fathalipour H, Safa O, Nowrouzi-Sohrabi P, Mirkhani H, Hassanipour S. The Therapeutic Role of Carotenoids in Diabetic Retinopathy: A Systematic Review. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2020; 13:2347-2358. [PMID: 32753919 PMCID: PMC7342496 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s255783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carotenoids are a large group of natural pigments that occur in many foods, fruits, and vegetables. Several studies have shown a number of biological properties of carotenoids, particularly beneficial impacts on cancer, metabolic, neurodegenerative, and cardiovascular diseases. However, recent evidence has shown that these compounds could prevent, delay, and ameliorate diabetic retinopathy (DR). The aim of current study was to review the therapeutic effects of carotenoids in the treatment of DR and discuss the molecular mechanisms that are behind these pharmacological activities. METHODS Six online databases (Medline/PubMed, Scopus, Web of Knowledge, Embase, ScienceDirect, and ProQuest) were searched until September 2019. The systematic review was carried out using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) checklist. RESULTS A total of 25 studies were included after the final retrieval. A relationship was observed between carotenoids and management of DR. Findings also demonstrated that the underlying mechanism of beneficial effects of these compounds was antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic, and neuroprotective properties. CONCLUSION Carotenoids potentially delay the initiation and prevent the progression of DR; however, ample preclinical studies are required to confirm their effect, and adequate clinical trials are needed to really understand how well these compounds influence DR among humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Fathalipour
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Hadis Fathalipour
- The Student Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Omid Safa
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | | | - Hossein Mirkhani
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Soheil Hassanipour
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
- Correspondence: Soheil Hassanipour Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Razi Hospital, Sardar-Jangle Ave., Rasht41448-95655, IranTel +98(13)33535116Fax +98(13)33534951 Email
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Intake of β-cryptoxanthin with fat-containing food increases β-cryptoxanthin serum level and palmar yellowness in healthy adults. Nutr Res 2019; 71:65-71. [PMID: 31757627 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2019.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological and clinical studies have suggested that β-cryptoxanthin (β-CX) has health benefits in humans. To understand the health benefits of β-CX, it is important to examine its in vivo kinetics and identify a convenient noninvasive biomarker for serum β-CX level. However, to date, there have been few studies of β-CX kinetics in humans. We hypothesized that simultaneous consumption of fat-containing food would stimulate absorption of β-CX. We conducted 2 in vivo kinetics studies, one after a single intake and the other after daily intake of β-CX in healthy adults, to examine whether simultaneous consumption of fat-containing food stimulates absorption of β-CX and whether palmar b* value (yellowness) is a suitable biomarker. After a single intake of 1.1 or 2.2 mg of β-CX, the serum level increased dose-dependently and returned to the baseline level after 14 to 17 days. The simultaneous consumption of fat-containing food enhanced the absorption of β-CX by 1.8-fold. During daily intake of 2.0 mg/day β-CX with fat-containing food for 12 weeks, both serum β-CX level and palmar b* value measured with a colorimeter increased continuously. After intake was halted, both serum β-CX level and palmar b* value decreased. There was a positive correlation between serum β-CX level and palmar b* value during the trial (R = 0.55, P < .001). These results suggest that intake of β-CX with fat-containing food stimulates the absorption of β-CX and increases palmar yellowness.
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25
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O'Halloran AM, Laird EJ, Feeney J, Healy M, Moran R, Beatty S, Nolan JM, Molloy AM, Kenny RA. Circulating Micronutrient Biomarkers Are Associated With 3 Measures of Frailty: Evidence From the Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2019; 21:240-247.e5. [PMID: 31401047 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2019.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the associations between 3 frailty instruments and circulating micronutrients in a large representative sample of older adults. DESIGN Cross-sectional data from a nationally representative cohort study conducted between October 2009 and July 2011. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING Adults age ≥50 years (n = 4068) living in the community in Ireland. MEASUREMENTS Circulating micronutrients (lutein, zeaxanthin, folate, vitamin B-12, and vitamin D) were measured, transformed, and standardized. Frailty was assessed using the Frailty Phenotype, the Frailty Index, and the FRAIL Scale (fatigue, resistance, ambulation, illnesses, and loss of weight), instruments. Multinomial logistic regression determined associations between micronutrients and prefrailty or frailty. Models were adjusted for sociodemographic, lifestyle, health, and seasonal factors. RESULTS Adjusting for age, sex, and educational attainment, all 3 measures of frailty were associated with lower levels of lutein [relative risk ratios (RRRs): 0.43‒0.63], zeaxanthin (RRRs: 0.49‒0.63), and vitamin D (RRRs: 0.51‒0.75), and with the accumulation of micronutrient insufficiencies (RRRs: 1.42‒1.90). Attenuated but significant associations were also observed with all measures of prefrailty for lutein, vitamin D, and number of micronutrient insufficiencies. The associations with frailty persisted following additional adjustment for social, lifestyle, and health and seasonal factors, and following multiple test correction. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS We have presented the most consistent evidence in the largest study to date that micronutrient concentrations are associated with prefrailty and frailty in older adults. Our data suggest that low micronutrient status has potential as an easily modifiable marker and intervention target for frailty and supports further investigation into micronutrient supplementation and fortification to prevent frailty and disability among older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisling M O'Halloran
- The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing, Medical Gerontology, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Eamon J Laird
- The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing, Medical Gerontology, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Joanne Feeney
- The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing, Medical Gerontology, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Martin Healy
- Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory Medicine and Molecular Pathology, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Rachel Moran
- Macular Pigment Research Group, Nutrition Research Centre Ireland, School of Health Science, Waterford Institute of Technology, Waterford, Ireland
| | - Stephen Beatty
- Macular Pigment Research Group, Nutrition Research Centre Ireland, School of Health Science, Waterford Institute of Technology, Waterford, Ireland
| | - John M Nolan
- Macular Pigment Research Group, Nutrition Research Centre Ireland, School of Health Science, Waterford Institute of Technology, Waterford, Ireland
| | | | - Rose Anne Kenny
- The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing, Medical Gerontology, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland; Mercer's Institute for Successful Ageing, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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Alosami MH, Adnan S, Hameed EK. Serum uric acid level and bone mineral density in Iraqi postmenopausal women. THE EGYPTIAN RHEUMATOLOGIST 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejr.2018.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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27
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Hisanaga A, Sakanaka T, Yoshioka T, Sugiura M. Method for Nondestructive Measurement of β-cryptoxanthin in Satsuma Mandarins ( Citrus Unshiu Marcow.) Using Visible and Near-infrared Spectroscopy. J JPN SOC FOOD SCI 2019. [DOI: 10.3136/nskkk.66.83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ayami Hisanaga
- Okitsu Citrus Research Station, NARO Institute of Fruit and Tea Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO)
| | | | - Terutaka Yoshioka
- Okitsu Citrus Research Station, NARO Institute of Fruit and Tea Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO)
| | - Minoru Sugiura
- Okitsu Citrus Research Station, NARO Institute of Fruit and Tea Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO)
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Doshisha Women’s College of Liberal Arts
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28
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Walsh PJ, McGrath S, McKelvey S, Ford L, Sheldrake G, Clarke SA. The Osteogenic Potential of Brown Seaweed Extracts. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:E141. [PMID: 30823356 PMCID: PMC6470556 DOI: 10.3390/md17030141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine drugs hold significantly more promise than their terrestrial counterparts, which could help to solve the current shortfall in treatments for osteoporosis and other bone related diseases. Fucoxanthin is the main carotenoid found in brown seaweed, and has many perceived health benefits, including potential bone therapeutic properties. This study assessed the osteogenic potential of pure fucoxanthin and crude extracts containing both fucoxanthin and phenolic fractions (also cited to have osteogenic potential) isolated from two intertidal species of brown seaweed, Laminaria digitata and Ascophyllum nodosum. In vitro studies were performed using a human foetal osteoblast cell line (hFOBs) and primary human bone marrow stromal cells (hBMSCs). The results found pure fucoxanthin inhibitory to cell proliferation in hFOBs at higher concentrations, whereas, the crude extracts containing both polyphenols and fucoxanthin showed the ability to scavenge free radicals, which masked this effect. None of the extracts tested showed strong pro-osteogenic effects in either cell type tested, failing to support previously reported positive effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela J Walsh
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen's University Belfast, David Keir Building, Stranmillis Road, Belfast BT9 5AG, UK.
| | - Susan McGrath
- School of Medicine, Dentistry & Biomedical Science, Queen's University Belfast 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK.
| | - Steven McKelvey
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Queen's University Belfast, MBC, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK.
| | - Lauren Ford
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen's University Belfast, David Keir Building, Stranmillis Road, Belfast BT9 5AG, UK.
| | - Gary Sheldrake
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen's University Belfast, David Keir Building, Stranmillis Road, Belfast BT9 5AG, UK.
| | - Susan A Clarke
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Queen's University Belfast, MBC, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK.
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Supercritical Fluid Extraction of Carotenoids from Vegetable Waste Matrices. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24030466. [PMID: 30696092 PMCID: PMC6384789 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24030466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this work was to evaluate a previously-developed model on supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) for carotenoid recovery from carrot peels on various carotenoid-rich fruit and vegetable wastes. To this end, 15 matrices, including flesh and peels of sweet potato, tomato, apricot, pumpkin and peach, as well as flesh and wastes of green, yellow and red peppers, were submitted to SFE under optimised conditions (59 °C, 350 bar, 15 g/min CO2, 15.5% (v/v) ethanol as co-solvent, 30 min of extraction time). The obtained extracts were characterised for their total carotenoid content, antioxidant activity and total carotenoid recovery (TCR). TCR values were greater than 90% w/w for most samples, with β-carotene being the most successfully extracted compound (TCRs 88–100% w/w). More polar carotenoids, such as lutein and lycopene, exhibited lower TCRs. A comparison with literature data suggested that carotenoid extraction is partially dependent on the composition of vegetable matrices, specifically on polysaccharide and moisture content. The results indicated that the optimised SFE conditions can be used as a general model for carotenoid extraction from various fruit and vegetable matrices and as a viable method for adding value to these waste streams by generating carotenoid-rich extracts.
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30
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Postmenopausal osteoporosis and breast cancer: The biochemical links and beneficial effects of functional foods. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 107:571-582. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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31
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Purification of supercritical-fluid carotenoid-rich extracts by hydrophobic interaction chromatography. Sep Purif Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2018.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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32
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Cao WT, Zeng FF, Li BL, Lin JS, Liang YY, Chen YM. Higher dietary carotenoid intake associated with lower risk of hip fracture in middle-aged and elderly Chinese: A matched case-control study. Bone 2018; 111:116-122. [PMID: 29605302 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2018.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mechanism studies have suggested that carotenoids may benefit bone health due to their antioxidant properties, but epidemiological data on their effects on risk of hip fracture are sparse. PURPOSE To explore the relationships between dietary total and specific carotenoids and the risk of hip fracture in a middle-aged and elderly Chinese population. DESIGN A case-control study of 1070 patients with hip fractures (diagnosed within 2 weeks) aged 55-80 years and 1070 age- (within 3 years) and gender-matched controls was conducted in Guangdong, China between 2009 and 2015. Information on dietary carotenoid intake was assessed using a 79-item food frequency questionnaire administered in face-to-face interviews, and general information was collected using structured questionnaires. The univariate and multivariate conditional logistic regression models were applied to analyze the associations. MAIN RESULTS Higher intakes of both total and some specific carotenoids (including β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin and lutein/zeaxanthin) were significantly associated with a lower risk of hip fracture (all p trends <0.01). Compared with the lowest quartile of carotenoids, the multivariate-adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidential intervals of the highest quartile were 0.44 (0.29, 0.68) (total carotenoids), 0.50 (0.29, 0.69) (β-carotene), 0.55 (0.38, 0.80) (β-cryptoxanthin) and 0.40 (0.27, 0.59) (lutein/zeaxanthin), respectively. There were no statistically significant associations between α-carotene and lycopene intakes and hip fracture risk after adjustment for various confounding variables. CONCLUSION These results suggest that the consumption of carotenoids may be protective against hip fracture in middle-aged and elderly Chinese adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ting Cao
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Fang-Fang Zeng
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; Department of Epidemiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Bao-Lin Li
- Guangzhou Orthopaedics Trauma Hospital, Guangzhou 510045, China
| | - Jie-Sheng Lin
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Ya-Yong Liang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China.
| | - Yu-Ming Chen
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
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Matsumoto Y, Tousen Y, Ishimi Y. β-Carotene prevents bone loss in hind limb unloading mice. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2018; 63:42-49. [PMID: 30087543 PMCID: PMC6064820 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.17-86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
β-Carotene has been reported to be useful to maintain a positive balance of bone turnover. However, the effects of β-carotene on bone loss remain to be elucidated in mice with hind limb unloading. Therefore, we investigated whether β-carotene prevented bone loss induced by skeletal hind limb unloading in mice. Female 8-week-old ddY mice were divided into six groups (n = 6–8 each) and subjected to: (1) normal housing, (2) sham unloading fed a control diet, (3) hind limb unloading fed a control diet, (4) hind limb unloading fed a 0.025% β-carotene-containing diet, (5) hind limb unloading fed a 0.05% β-carotene-containing diet, and (6) hind limb unloading fed a 0.25% β-carotene-containing diet. After 3 weeks, bone mineral density of the tibia was markedly reduced by unloading, which was prevented by 0.025% β-carotene. Histological analysis revealed a hind limb unloading-induced decrease in the calcified bone of the femur, which was slightly prevented by 0.025% β-carotene. The 0.025% β-carotene-containing diet increased the gene expression of osteoprotegerin in the bone marrow cells in unloading mice. These results suggest that a β-carotene-containing diet may preserve bone health in subjects with disabilities as well as in astronauts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Matsumoto
- Department of Food Function and Labeling, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8636, Japan.,Department of Applied Biology and Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan
| | - Yuko Tousen
- Department of Food Function and Labeling, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8636, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Ishimi
- Department of Food Function and Labeling, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8636, Japan
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Takeda H, Tominari T, Hirata M, Watanabe K, Matsumoto C, Grundler FMW, Inada M, Miyaura C. Lutein Enhances Bone Mass by Stimulating Bone Formation and Suppressing Bone Resorption in Growing Mice. Biol Pharm Bull 2018; 40:716-721. [PMID: 28458359 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b16-00897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Lutein is a member of the xanthophyll family of carotenoids, which are known to prevent hypoxia-induced cell damage in the eye by removing free radicals. However, its role in other tissues is controversial, and the effects of lutein on bone tissues are unknown. To identify a possible role of lutein in bone tissues, we examined the effects of lutein on bone formation and bone resorption and on femoral bone mass in mice. Lutein enhanced the formation of mineralized bone nodules in cultures of osteoblasts. On the other hand, lutein clearly suppressed 1α, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3-induced bone resorption as measured by pit formation in organ culture of mouse calvaria. In co-cultures of bone marrow cells and osteoblasts, lutein suppressed 1α, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3-induced osteoclast formation. In cultures of bone marrow macrophages, lutein suppressed soluble RANKL, the receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) ligand, induced osteoclast formation. When five-week-old male mice were orally administered lutein for 4 weeks, the femoral bone mass was clearly enhanced in cortical bone, as measured by bone mineral density in dual X-ray absorptiometry and micro computed tomography (µCT) analyses. The present study indicates that lutein enhances bone mass in growing mice by suppressing bone resorption and stimulating bone formation. Lutein may be a natural agent that promotes bone turnover and may be beneficial for bone health in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Takeda
- Cooperative Major of Advanced Health Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
| | - Tsukasa Tominari
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology.,Institute of Global Innovation Research, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
| | - Michiko Hirata
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
| | - Kenta Watanabe
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
| | - Chiho Matsumoto
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
| | - Florian M W Grundler
- Institute of Global Innovation Research, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology.,Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, University of Bonn
| | - Masaki Inada
- Cooperative Major of Advanced Health Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology.,Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology.,Institute of Global Innovation Research, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
| | - Chisato Miyaura
- Cooperative Major of Advanced Health Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology.,Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology.,Institute of Global Innovation Research, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
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Umigai N, Murakami K, Shimizu R, Takeda R, Azuma T. Safety Evaluation and Plasma Carotenoid Accumulation in Healthy Adult Subjects after 12 Weeks of Paprika Oleoresin Supplementation. J Oleo Sci 2018; 67:225-234. [PMID: 29367485 DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess17155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Paprika oleoresin is obtained by solvent extraction from Capsicum annuum L. fruits and contains multiple carotenoids, such as capsanthin, β-carotene, zeaxanthin, and β-cryptoxanthin, which are considered protective against various diseases. Herein, we investigated the effect of paprika oleoresin supplementation on plasma carotenoid accumulation and evaluated the safety of the oleoresin. We used a double-blinded, placebo-controlled comparative clinical study design and tested the effects of varying doses in healthy adult subjects. In total, 33 subjects were randomly divided into three groups to take capsules containing 0, 20, or 100 mg of paprika oleoresin daily for 12 consecutive weeks. Plasma carotenoid concentrations were measured at 0, 4, 8, and 12 weeks, and the safety of paprika oleoresin capsules was investigated using analyses of blood biochemistry, hematology, and urine contents. In these experiments, β-cryptoxanthin and zeaxanthin dose-dependently accumulated in plasma within the dose range of the study over 12 consecutive weeks of paprika oleoresin supplementation. Moreover, β-cryptoxanthin accumulated to higher levels than the other paprika oleoresin carotenoids. In contrast, capsanthin was not detected in plasma before or during the 12-week treatment period. Finally, no adverse events were associated with intake of paprika oleoresin (20 and 100 mg/day) in safety evaluations. Paprika oleoresin is a suitable source of carotenoids, especially β-cryptoxanthin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ryuji Takeda
- TES Holdings Co., Ltd.,Department of Nutritional Sciences for Well-being, Kansai University of Welfare Sciences
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Maeda-Yamamoto M, Ohtani T. Development of functional agricultural products utilizing the new health claim labeling system in Japan. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2018; 82:554-563. [PMID: 29334323 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2017.1422175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In April 2015, Consumer Affairs Agency of Japan launched a new food labeling system known as "Foods with Function Claims (FFC)." Under this system, the food industry independently evaluates scientific evidence on foods and describes their functional properties. As of May 23, 2017, 1023 FFC containing 8 fresh foods have been launched. Meanwhile, to clarify the health-promoting effects of agricultural products, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO) implemented the "Research Project on Development of Agricultural Products" and demonstrated the risk reduction of osteoporosis of β-cryptoxanthin rich Satsuma mandarins and the anti-allergic effect of the O-methylated catechin rich tea cultivar Benifuuki. These foods were subsequently released as FFC. Moreover, NARO elucidated the health-promoting effects of various functional agricultural products (β-glucan rich barley, β-conglycinin rich soybean, quercetin rich onion, etc.) and a healthy boxed lunch. This review focuses on new food labeling system or research examining functional aspects of agricultural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Maeda-Yamamoto
- a Food Research Institute , National Agriculture and Food Research Organization , Tsukuba , Japan
| | - Toshio Ohtani
- b National Agriculture and Food Research Organization , Tsukuba , Japan
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Dabouian A, Bakhshi H, Irani S, Pezeshki-Modaress M. β-Carotene: a natural osteogen to fabricate osteoinductive electrospun scaffolds. RSC Adv 2018; 8:9941-9945. [PMID: 35540852 PMCID: PMC9078714 DOI: 10.1039/c7ra13237a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
β-Carotene (βC) as a natural osteogenic material was incorporated in PCL electrospun mats to fabricate scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. These scaffolds successfully supported the attachment and proliferation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Seeded scaffolds were calcinated during 21 days of cell culture in a non-differential medium, which showed the osteodifferentiation of MSCs. Expression of RUNX2, SOX9, and osteonectin proved the osteoinductive effect of incorporated β-carotene on the differentiation of MSCs to osteoblasts without using any external osteogenic differential agent. However, the cells did not pass the early phase of osteogenesis and were still osteochondro-progenitor after 21 days of incubation. Thus, the fabricated fibrous scaffolds are potential candidates for direct bone tissue engineering. Electrospun PCL scaffolds containing β-carotene as a natural osteogenic material can differentiate MSCs to osteoblasts without using external differential agents.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Atiyeh Dabouian
- Department of Biology
- School of Basic Sciences
- Science and Research Branch
- Islamic Azad University
- 1477893855 Tehran
| | - Hadi Bakhshi
- Macromolecular Chemistry II
- University of Bayreuth
- Universitätsstraße 30
- 95440 Bayreuth
- Germany
| | - Shiva Irani
- Department of Biology
- School of Basic Sciences
- Science and Research Branch
- Islamic Azad University
- 1477893855 Tehran
| | - Mohamad Pezeshki-Modaress
- Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Institute
- Tehran Central Branch
- Islamic Azad University
- Tehran
- Iran
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38
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Maeda-Yamamoto M. Development of functional agricultural products and use of a new health claim system in Japan. Trends Food Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2017.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Association between Dietary Carotenoid Intake and Bone Mineral Density in Korean Adults Aged 30-75 Years Using Data from the Fourth and Fifth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (2008-2011). Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9091025. [PMID: 28926945 PMCID: PMC5622785 DOI: 10.3390/nu9091025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related bone loss is a major public health problem. This cross-sectional study examined the association between the dietary intake of carotenoids and bone mineral density (BMD). Data from 8022 subjects (3763 males and 4259 females) aged 30–75 years included in the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2008–2011) were analyzed. BMD was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Intake of carotenoids was estimated using 24-h dietary recall. In multiple linear analysis, after adjusting for covariates, lutein + zeaxanthin and β-cryptoxanthin intake was positively associated with total hip BMD in males and premenopausal women respectively, while β-carotene intake was positively correlated with femoral neck, total hip, and whole-body BMD in postmenopausal women. Postmenopausal women in the highest quintile of daily β-carotene intake, showed a lower risk of osteopenia at the lumbar spine (odds ratio (OR): 0.35, 95% CI: 0.16–0.79, P for trend = 0.009) than those in the lowest quintile, after adjusting for covariates. Daily β-cryptoxanthin intake was significantly associated with a lower risk of osteopenia at the total hip (OR per 1 mg/day increase: 0.76; 95% CI: 0.59–0.97), and lumbar spine (OR per 1 mg/day increase: 0.79; 95% CI: 0.70–0.89) in postmenopausal women. These results suggest that the dietary intake of β-carotene and β-cryptoxanthin may have a positive effect on bone health.
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Hayhoe RPG, Lentjes MAH, Mulligan AA, Luben RN, Khaw KT, Welch AA. Carotenoid dietary intakes and plasma concentrations are associated with heel bone ultrasound attenuation and osteoporotic fracture risk in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)-Norfolk cohort. Br J Nutr 2017; 117:1439-1453. [PMID: 28587685 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114517001180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Carotenoids are found in abundance in fruit and vegetables, and may be involved in the positive association of these foods with bone health. This study aimed to explore the associations of dietary carotenoid intakes and plasma concentrations with bone density status and osteoporotic fracture risk in a European population. Cross-sectional analyses (n 14 803) of bone density status, using calcaneal broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA) and longitudinal analyses (n 25 439) of fracture cases were conducted on data from the prospective European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition-Norfolk cohort of middle-aged and older men and women. Health and lifestyle questionnaires were completed, and dietary nutrient intakes were derived from 7-d food diaries. Multiple regression demonstrated significant positive trends in BUA for women across quintiles of dietary α-carotene intake (P=0·029), β-carotene intake (P=0·003), β-cryptoxanthin intake (P=0·031), combined lutein and zeaxanthin intake (P=0·010) and lycopene intake (P=0·005). No significant trends across plasma carotenoid concentration quintiles were apparent (n 4570). The Prentice-weighted Cox regression showed no trends in fracture risk across dietary carotenoid intake quintiles (mean follow-up time 12·5 years), except for a lower risk for wrist fracture in women with higher lutein and zeaxanthin intake (P=0·022); nevertheless, inter-quintile differences in fracture risk were found for both sexes. Analysis of plasma carotenoid data (mean follow-up time 11·9 years) showed lower hip fracture risk in men across higher plasma α-carotene (P=0·026) and β-carotene (P=0·027) quintiles. This study provides novel evidence that dietary carotenoid intake is relevant to bone health in men and women, demonstrating that associations with bone density status and fracture risk exist for dietary intake of specific carotenoids and their plasma concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard P G Hayhoe
- 1Department of Population Health and Primary Care,Norwich Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences,University of East Anglia,Norwich NR4 7TJ,UK
| | - Marleen A H Lentjes
- 2Strangeways Research Laboratory,Department of Public Health and Primary Care,Institute of Public Health,University of Cambridge,Worts Causeway,Cambridge CB1 8RN,UK
| | - Angela A Mulligan
- 2Strangeways Research Laboratory,Department of Public Health and Primary Care,Institute of Public Health,University of Cambridge,Worts Causeway,Cambridge CB1 8RN,UK
| | - Robert N Luben
- 2Strangeways Research Laboratory,Department of Public Health and Primary Care,Institute of Public Health,University of Cambridge,Worts Causeway,Cambridge CB1 8RN,UK
| | - Kay-Tee Khaw
- 2Strangeways Research Laboratory,Department of Public Health and Primary Care,Institute of Public Health,University of Cambridge,Worts Causeway,Cambridge CB1 8RN,UK
| | - Ailsa A Welch
- 1Department of Population Health and Primary Care,Norwich Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences,University of East Anglia,Norwich NR4 7TJ,UK
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Sugiura M, Nakamura M, Ogawa K, Ikoma Y, Yano M. High Vitamin C Intake with High Serum β-Cryptoxanthin Associated with Lower Risk for Osteoporosis in Post-Menopausal Japanese Female Subjects: Mikkabi Cohort Study. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2017; 62:185-91. [PMID: 27465725 DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.62.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Recent epidemiological studies show that antioxidant vitamins and carotenoids might be beneficial to the maintenance of bone health. Recently, we found that serum carotenoids were inversely associated with the risk of developing osteoporosis in post-menopausal Japanese female subjects. However, little is known about the vitamin alone and/or the combination of the vitamin and carotenoid with the risk of osteoporosis. The objective of this study was to investigate longitudinally whether antioxidant vitamins and their combination with carotenoids are associated with the risk of developing of osteoporosis. We conducted a follow-up study on 187 post-menopausal female subjects from the Mikkabi prospective cohort study. Those who participated in previous bone mineral density (BMD) surveys and completed four years of follow-up were examined longitudinally. During a four-year follow-up, fifteen of the post-menopausal female subjects developed new-onset osteoporosis. After adjustment for confounders, the odds ratios (OR) for osteoporosis in the highest tertiles of vitamins C and E and retinol intakes against the lowest tertiles were 0.15 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.02-0.99), 0.50 (CI: 0.08-3.23), and 1.49 (CI: 0.36-6.22), respectively. Furthermore, a significantly lower odds ratio was observed in the higher vitamin C intake group (169-625 mg/d) with higher serum β-cryptoxanthin (1.88-10.53 μM) against the lower vitamin C intake group (47-168 mg/d) with lower serum β-cryptoxanthin (0.24-1.84 μM) used for the reference group (p<0.05). The combination of β-cryptoxanthin and vitamin C is inversely associated with the risk of developing osteoporosis in post-menopausal Japanese female subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minoru Sugiura
- Citrus Research Division, NARO Institute of Fruit Tree Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO)
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42
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Wang F, Wang N, Gao Y, Zhou Z, Liu W, Pan C, Yin P, Yu X, Tang M. β-Carotene suppresses osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption by suppressing NF-κB signaling pathway. Life Sci 2017; 174:15-20. [PMID: 28263804 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS β-Carotene is a natural anti-oxidant, which has been used for treatment of cancer and cardiovascular diseases. Recently, the ameliorating function of β-carotene in osteoporosis has been implicated. However, the precise mechanism of β-carotene in prevention and treatment of osteoporosis is largely unknown. In the present study, we aimed to elucidate how β-carotene affects osteoclast formation and bone resorption. MAIN METHODS Bone marrow-derived monocytes/-macrophages (BMM) were exposed to 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6μM β-carotene, followed by evaluation of cell viability, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclastogenesis and resorption pits formation. Key factors in nuclear factor kappa B (NF-ĸB) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) pathways were evaluated with western blot after BMM cells were exposed to RANKL and β-carotene. The effects of β-carotene in nuclear factor of activated T-cells cytoplasmic 1 (NFATc1), c-Fos and cathepsin K (CTSK) expression were also evaluated. KEY FINDINGS β-Carotene significantly inhibited BMM viability and promoted LDH release at concentrations of 0.4 and 0.6μM. A decrease in RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis and resorption was also observed after β-carotene treatment. β-Carotene attenuated the NF-ĸB pathway activation by RANKL, with no effect on MAPK pathway. β-Carotene suppressed the upregulation of NFATc1 and c-Fos by RANKL. SIGNIFICANCE We clarified the anti-osteoclastogenic role of β-carotene, which is mediated by NF-κB signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital East Affiliated to Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai 201306, China; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Nan Wang
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Youshui Gao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Zubin Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Chenhao Pan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Peipei Yin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Xiaowei Yu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China.
| | - Mingjie Tang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China.
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Sugiura M. [β-Cryptoxanthin and the risk for lifestyle-related disease: findings from recent nutritional epidemiologic studies]. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2017; 135:67-76. [PMID: 25743900 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.14-00208-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Antioxidant micronutrients, such as vitamins and carotenoids, exist in abundance in fruits and vegetables and have been known to contribute to the body's defense against reactive oxygen species. Numerous recent epidemiologic studies have demonstrated that a high dietary consumption of fruit and vegetables rich in carotenoids or with high serum carotenoid concentrations results in lower risks of certain cancers, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. These epidemiologic studies have suggested that antioxidant carotenoids may have a protective effect against several lifestyle-related diseases. β-Cryptoxanthin is a carotenoid pigment found in Japanese mandarin (Citrus unshiu MARC.) fruit, which is mainly produced in Japan. Our nutritional epidemiologic survey, the Mikkabi Study, utilized data derived from health examinations of inhabitants performed in the town of Mikkabi in Shizuoka, Japan. In this survey, we measured serum β-cryptoxanthin as a specific biomarker to estimate the consumption of Japanese mandarin fruit. From the cross-sectional analyses from the Mikkabi Study, we found inverse associations of serum β-cryptoxanthin with the risks for atherosclerosis, insulin resistance, liver dysfunction, metabolic syndrome, low bone mineral density, and oxidative stress. In this review, recent epidemiologic studies about the associations between serum β-cryptoxanthin with the risk for several lifestyle-related diseases were reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minoru Sugiura
- Okitsu Citrus Research Station, NARO Institute of Fruit Tree Science (NIFTS), National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO)
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Maeda-Yamamoto M, Hirosawa T, Mihara Y, Kuranuki S, Nakamura T, Kawamoto S, Ohtani T, Tanaka S, Ohashi Y. Randomized, Placebo-controlled, Clinical Study to Investigate Anti-metabolic Syndrome Effects of Functional Foods in Humans. J JPN SOC FOOD SCI 2017. [DOI: 10.3136/nskkk.64.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yasuo Ohashi
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University
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Zhang ZQ, Cao WT, Liu J, Cao Y, Su YX, Chen YM. Greater serum carotenoid concentration associated with higher bone mineral density in Chinese adults. Osteoporos Int 2016; 27:1593-1601. [PMID: 26753540 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-015-3425-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED This cross-sectional study has been performed to investigate the relationship between serum carotenoids and bone mineral density (BMD) in Chinese population. We found that women with higher serum β-cryptoxanthin, lycopene, or α-carotene exhibited higher BMD at various bone sites. Similar association was observed between α-carotene and BMD in men. INTRODUCTION Carotenoids may positively regulate bone metabolism through their antioxidant properties; however, few studies have examined the relation between serum carotenoids and bone health. We aimed to determine the associations between the serum concentration of several carotenoid subclasses and BMD in a Chinese population. METHODS This study was a community-based cross-sectional study. We measured 1898 women and 933 men aged 59.6 years who completed serum β-cryptoxanthin, zeaxanthin + lutein, lycopene, and α-carotene concentration analyses and BMD assessments. Serum individual carotenoids were assessed by the methods of reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was applied to determine BMD at whole body, lumbar spine, total hip, femur neck, and trochanter. ANCOVA was used to examine the correlations between categorized individual carotenoids and BMD at measured sites. RESULTS After adjusting for potential covariates, a monotonic dose-response positive correlation between circulating levels of β-cryptoxanthin, lycopene, and α-carotene and BMD at various skeletal sites was observed in women. Women in the top (vs. bottom) quartiles of serum β-cryptoxanthin, lycopene, or α-carotene exhibited 1.8-2.3, 1.5-2.0, or 1.3-2.7 % higher BMD at the bone sites with significant results (P-trend <0.05), respectively. For men, the corresponding values were 2.6-4.0 % for α-carotene at the whole body and hip regions (P-trend <0.001-0.023). CONCLUSION These results suggest that serum carotenoids have a favorable association with bone health in the study population, especially in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z-Q Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - W-T Cao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - J Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Y Cao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Y-X Su
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.
| | - Y-M Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.
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Mellor DD, Naumovski N. Effect of cocoa in diabetes: the potential of the pancreas and liver as key target organs, more than an antioxidant effect? Int J Food Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.13075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Duane D. Mellor
- Discipline of Nutrition and Dietetics; School of Public Health and Nutrition; Faculty of Health; University of Canberra; Bruce 2617 Canberra ACT Australia
- Division of Nutritional Sciences; School of Biosciences; University of Nottingham; Sutton Bonington Campus College Road Sutton Bonington Loughborough Leicestershire LE12 5RD UK
| | - Nenad Naumovski
- Discipline of Nutrition and Dietetics; School of Public Health and Nutrition; Faculty of Health; University of Canberra; Bruce 2617 Canberra ACT Australia
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Burri BJ, La Frano MR, Zhu C. Absorption, metabolism, and functions of β-cryptoxanthin. Nutr Rev 2016; 74:69-82. [PMID: 26747887 PMCID: PMC4892306 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuv064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Revised: 05/31/2015] [Accepted: 06/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
β-Cryptoxanthin, a carotenoid found in fruits and vegetables such as tangerines, red peppers, and pumpkin, has several functions important for human health. Most evidence from observational, in vitro, animal model, and human studies suggests that β-cryptoxanthin has relatively high bioavailability from its common food sources, to the extent that some β-cryptoxanthin-rich foods might be equivalent to β-carotene-rich foods as sources of retinol. β-Cryptoxanthin is an antioxidant in vitro and appears to be associated with decreased risk of some cancers and degenerative diseases. In addition, many in vitro, animal model, and human studies suggest that β-cryptoxanthin-rich foods may have an anabolic effect on bone and, thus, may help delay osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betty J Burri
- B.J. Burri, M.R. La Frano, and C. Zhu are with the Western Human Nutrition Research Center, US Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service, Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, California, USA.
| | - Michael R La Frano
- B.J. Burri, M.R. La Frano, and C. Zhu are with the Western Human Nutrition Research Center, US Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service, Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Chenghao Zhu
- B.J. Burri, M.R. La Frano, and C. Zhu are with the Western Human Nutrition Research Center, US Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service, Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, California, USA
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Ito S, Ohmi A, Sakamiya A, Yano T, Okumura K, Nishimura N, Kagontani K. Ginger hexane extract suppresses RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2016; 80:779-85. [PMID: 26967638 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2015.1127133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a debilitating disease caused by decreased bone density. Compounds with anti-osteoclastic activity, such as bisphosphonates, may help in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. Herein, we determined the inhibitory effects of ginger hexane extract (GHE) on receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclastogenesis in RAW264.7 cells. The results showed that GHE (1) suppressed osteoclast differentiation and the formation of actin rings; (2) inhibited the expression of Nfatc1, a master transcriptional factor for osteoclast differentiation, in a dose-dependent manner (10-20 μg/mL); and (3) inhibited other osteoclastogenesis-related genes, such as Oscar, Dc-stamp, Trap, and Mmp9. These findings suggest that GHE may be used to prevent and treat osteoporosis by inhibiting osteoclast differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suguru Ito
- a Tsuji Health & Beauty Science Laboratory , Mie University , Tsu, Japan
- b Tsuji Oil Mills Co., Ltd. , Matsusaka , Japan
- c Graduate School of Regional Innovation Studies , Mie University , Tsu, Japan
| | | | - Akiyo Sakamiya
- c Graduate School of Regional Innovation Studies , Mie University , Tsu, Japan
| | - Takeo Yano
- c Graduate School of Regional Innovation Studies , Mie University , Tsu, Japan
| | - Katsuzumi Okumura
- d Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Bioresources , Mie University , Tsu, Japan
| | - Norihiro Nishimura
- a Tsuji Health & Beauty Science Laboratory , Mie University , Tsu, Japan
- e Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine , Mie University , Tsu, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Kagontani
- a Tsuji Health & Beauty Science Laboratory , Mie University , Tsu, Japan
- b Tsuji Oil Mills Co., Ltd. , Matsusaka , Japan
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Ikoma Y, Matsumoto H, Kato M. Diversity in the carotenoid profiles and the expression of genes related to carotenoid accumulation among citrus genotypes. BREEDING SCIENCE 2016; 66:139-47. [PMID: 27069398 PMCID: PMC4780797 DOI: 10.1270/jsbbs.66.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Carotenoids are not only important to the plants themselves but also are beneficial to human health. Since citrus fruit is a good source of carotenoids for the human diet, it is important to study carotenoid profiles and the accumulation mechanism in citrus fruit. Thus, in the present paper, we describe the diversity in the carotenoid profiles of fruit among citrus genotypes. In regard to carotenoids, such as β-cryptoxanthin, violaxanthin, lycopene, and β-citraurin, the relationship between the carotenoid profile and the expression of carotenoid-biosynthetic genes is discussed. Finally, recent results of quantitative trait locus (QTL) analyses of carotenoid contents and expression levels of carotenoid-biosynthetic genes in citrus fruit are shown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinori Ikoma
- Citrus Research Division, NARO Institute of Fruit Tree Science,
485-6 Okitsunakacho, Shimizu, Shizuoka, Shizuoka 424-0292,
Japan
- Corresponding author (e-mail: )
| | - Hikaru Matsumoto
- Citrus Research Division, NARO Institute of Fruit Tree Science,
485-6 Okitsunakacho, Shimizu, Shizuoka, Shizuoka 424-0292,
Japan
| | - Masaya Kato
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University,
836 Ohya, Suruga, Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8529,
Japan
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Nishide Y, Tousen Y, Tadaishi M, Inada M, Miyaura C, Kruger MC, Ishimi Y. Combined Effects of Soy Isoflavones and β-Carotene on Osteoblast Differentiation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2015; 12:13750-61. [PMID: 26516892 PMCID: PMC4661612 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph121113750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Revised: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Soy isoflavones, genistein, daidzein and its metabolite equol, as well as β-carotene have been reported to be effective for maintaining bone health. However, it remains to be elucidated whether combining soy isoflavones with β-carotene is beneficial to bone formation. This study investigated the combined effect of soy isoflavones and β-carotene on the differentiation of MC3T3-E1 preosteoblastic cells. Daidzein and genistein alone did not affect cell growth but increased alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity. Beta-carotene alone inhibited cell growth and markedly enhanced ALP activity. Soy isoflavones combined with β-carotene resulted in higher ALP activity than treatment with isoflavones or β-carotene alone. We observed significant main effects of β-carotene on the enhanced expression of Runx2, ALP, and ostepontin mRNA, whereas there was a significant main effect of soy isoflavones on the expression of osterix mRNA. To investigate how β-carotene affected osteoblast differentiation, MC3T3-E1 cells were treated with retinoic acid receptor (RAR) pan-antagonist combined with β-carotene. Osteopontin and ALP mRNA expression levels, which were increased following treatment with β-carotene, were significantly suppressed by the RAR pan-antagonist. This suggests treatment with β-carotene enhanced early osteoblastic differentiation, at least in part via RAR signaling. These results indicate that a combination of isoflavones and β-carotene may be useful for maintaining a positive balance of bone turnover by inducing osteoblast differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoriko Nishide
- Department of Food Function and Labeling, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8636, Japan.
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Nakamachi, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan.
| | - Yuko Tousen
- Department of Food Function and Labeling, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8636, Japan.
| | - Miki Tadaishi
- Department of Food Function and Labeling, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8636, Japan.
- Department of Nutritional Science, Faculty of Applied Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan.
| | - Masaki Inada
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Nakamachi, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan.
| | - Chisato Miyaura
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Nakamachi, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan.
| | - Marlena C Kruger
- School of Food and Nutrition, Massey Institute of Food Science and Technology, Massey University, Private Bag 11-222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
| | - Yoshiko Ishimi
- Department of Food Function and Labeling, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8636, Japan.
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