1
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Thomas SA, Lajoie S. Complement's involvement in allergic Th2 immunity: a cross-barrier perspective. J Clin Invest 2025; 135:e188352. [PMID: 40309766 PMCID: PMC12043088 DOI: 10.1172/jci188352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2025] Open
Abstract
Type 2 (Th2) allergic diseases are chronic conditions characterized by a Th2-polarized immune response to allergens. These diseases can be categorized by affected barrier sites: skin (atopic dermatitis, allergic contact dermatitis), gut (food allergy), and respiratory tract (e.g., asthma, chronic rhinosinusitis). The global prevalence of Th2 allergic diseases has increased the need for a deeper understanding of their pathophysiology. Several associations have been identified between genetic variants in the genes encoding components of the complement system and allergic disease. Moreover, levels of several complement proteins are elevated in patients with allergy. Experimental evidence demonstrates that the complement system plays a critical role in the development of these diseases across barrier sites. While site-specific differences exist in the complement components involved, key pathways, particularly C3 and C5, are prominent across the skin, gut, and lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A. Thomas
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Stephane Lajoie
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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2
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Karhuvaara O, Vilén L, Nuutila J, Putus T, Atosuo J. Indoor microbial exposure increases complement component C3a and C-reactive protein concentrations in serum. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24104. [PMID: 38293363 PMCID: PMC10827445 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Indoor exposure to microbial growth, caused by moisture damage, has been an established health risk for several decades. It is likely that a damp indoor environment contains biological pollutants that trigger both the innate and adaptive branches of the immune system. In this study, we investigated the association between moisture damage related microbial exposure and serum C3a, C5a and CRP concentrations in Finnish adults. Serum C3a and CRP concentrations were elevated in individuals exposed to moisture damage and microbial growth in an indoor air environment. The elevated concentrations may be due to environmental factors present in moisture-damaged buildings. Complement activation and the resulting proinflammatory cleavage products may be a driving factor in inflammatory responses following exposure to indoor moisture damage and related microbial growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Outi Karhuvaara
- The Laboratory of Immunochemistry, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Environmental Medicine and Occupational Health, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Liisa Vilén
- Environmental Medicine and Occupational Health, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Jari Nuutila
- The Laboratory of Immunochemistry, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Tuula Putus
- Environmental Medicine and Occupational Health, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Janne Atosuo
- The Laboratory of Immunochemistry, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Environmental Medicine and Occupational Health, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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3
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Laumonnier Y, Korkmaz RÜ, Nowacka AA, Köhl J. Complement-mediated immune mechanisms in allergy. Eur J Immunol 2023; 53:e2249979. [PMID: 37381711 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202249979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Allergic conditions are associated with canonical and noncanonical activation of the complement system leading to the release of several bioactive mediators with inflammatory and immunoregulatory properties that regulate the immune response in response to allergens during the sensitization and/or the effector phase of allergic diseases. Further, immune sensors of complement and regulator proteins of the cascade impact on the development of allergies. These bioactive mediators comprise the small and large cleavage fragments of C3 and C5. Here, we provide an update on the multiple roles of immune sensors, regulators, and bioactive mediators of complement in allergic airway diseases, food allergies, and anaphylaxis. A particular emphasis is on the anaphylatoxins C3a and C5a and their receptors, which are expressed on many of the effector cells in allergy such as mast cells, eosinophils, basophils, macrophages, and neutrophils. Also, we will discuss the multiple pathways, by which the anaphylatoxins initiate and control the development of maladaptive type 2 immunity including their impact on innate lymphoid cell recruitment and activation. Finally, we briefly comment on the potential to therapeutically target the complement system in different allergic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yves Laumonnier
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Institute for Nutritional Medicine, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Airway Research Center North, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Lübeck, Germany
| | - Rabia Ülkü Korkmaz
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Alicja A Nowacka
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jörg Köhl
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Airway Research Center North, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Lübeck, Germany
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, USA
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4
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Han J, Zhang X. Complement Component C3: A Novel Biomarker Participating in the Pathogenesis of Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:653293. [PMID: 34395461 PMCID: PMC8358116 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.653293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is currently the most common cause of chronic liver disorder worldwide. The pathological spectrum of NAFLD ranges from simple steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) that induces progressive liver cirrhosis and eventually hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the molecular mechanisms driving the transformation of NASH are obscure. There is a compelling need for understanding the pathogenic mechanisms of NASH, and thereby providing new insight into mechanism-based therapy. Currently, several studies reported that complement system, an innate immune system, played an important role in the pathogenesis of NAFLD, which was also proved by our recent study. Complement component 3 (C3), a protein of the innate immune system, plays a hub role in the complement system. Herein, we present a review on the role and molecular mechanism of C3 in NASH as well as its implication in NASH diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juqiang Han
- Institute of Liver Disease, The 7th Medical Centre of Chinese People Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China.,The Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- The Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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5
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C3a elicits unique migratory responses in immature low-density neutrophils. Oncogene 2020; 39:2612-2623. [PMID: 32020055 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-1169-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils represent the immune system's first line of defense and are rapidly recruited into inflamed tissue. In cancer associated inflammation, phenotypic heterogeneity has been ascribed to this cell type, whereby neutrophils can manifest anti- or pro-metastatic functions depending on the cellular/micro-environmental context. Here, we demonstrate that pro-metastatic immature low-density neutrophils (iLDNs) more efficiently accumulate in the livers of mice bearing metastatic lesions compared with anti-metastatic mature high-density neutrophils (HDNs). Transcriptomic analyses reveal enrichment of a migration signature in iLDNs relative to HDNs. We find that conditioned media derived from liver-metastatic breast cancer cells, but not lung-metastatic variants, specifically induces chemotaxis of iLDNs and not HDNs. Chemotactic responses are due to increased surface expression of C3aR in iLDNs relative to HDNs. In addition, we detect elevated secretion of cancer-cell derived C3a from liver-metastatic versus lung-metastatic breast cancer cells. Perturbation of C3a/C3aR signaling axis with either a small molecule inhibitor, SB290157, or reducing the levels of secreted C3a from liver-metastatic breast cancer cells by short hairpin RNAs, can abrogate the chemotactic response of iLDNs both in vitro and in vivo, respectively. Together, these data reveal novel mechanisms through which iLDNs prefentially accumulate in liver tissue harboring metastases in response to tumor-derived C3a secreted from the liver-aggressive 4T1 breast cancer cells.
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6
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Marin AV, Cárdenas PP, Jiménez-Reinoso A, Muñoz-Ruiz M, Regueiro JR. Lymphocyte integration of complement cues. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2018; 85:132-142. [PMID: 29438807 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2018.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
We address current data, views and puzzles on the emerging topic of regulation of lymphocytes by complement proteins or fragments. Such regulation is believed to take place through complement receptors (CR) and membrane complement regulators (CReg) involved in cell function or protection, respectively, including intracellular signalling. Original observations in B cells clearly support that complement cues through CR improve their performance. Other lymphocytes likely integrate complement-derived signals, as most lymphoid cells constitutively express or regulate CR and CReg upon activation. CR-induced signals, particularly by anaphylatoxins, clearly regulate lymphoid cell function. In contrast, data obtained by CReg crosslinking using antibodies are not always confirmed in human congenital deficiencies or knock-out mice, casting doubts on their physiological relevance. Unsurprisingly, human and mouse complement systems are not completely homologous, adding further complexity to our still fragmentary understanding of complement-lymphocyte interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana V Marin
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ENT, Complutense University School of Medicine and 12 de Octubre Health Research Institute (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Paula P Cárdenas
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ENT, Complutense University School of Medicine and 12 de Octubre Health Research Institute (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Anaïs Jiménez-Reinoso
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ENT, Complutense University School of Medicine and 12 de Octubre Health Research Institute (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Muñoz-Ruiz
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ENT, Complutense University School of Medicine and 12 de Octubre Health Research Institute (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose R Regueiro
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ENT, Complutense University School of Medicine and 12 de Octubre Health Research Institute (imas12), Madrid, Spain.
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7
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Dick J, Gan PY, Kitching AR, Holdsworth SR. The C3aR promotes macrophage infiltration and regulates ANCA production but does not affect glomerular injury in experimental anti-myeloperoxidase glomerulonephritis. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0190655. [PMID: 29315316 PMCID: PMC5760037 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0190655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) associated vasculitides are autoimmune diseases associated with significant morbidity and mortality. They often affect the kidney causing rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis. While signalling by complement anaphylatoxin C5a though the C5a receptor is important in this disease, the role of the anaphylatoxin C3a signalling via the C3a receptor (C3aR) is not known. Using two different murine models of anti-myeloperoxidase (MPO) glomerulonephritis, one mediated by passive transfer of anti-MPO antibodies, the other by cell-mediated immunity, we found that the C3aR did not alter histological disease severity. However, it promoted macrophage recruitment to the inflamed glomerulus and inhibited the generation of MPO-ANCA whilst not influencing T cell autoimmunity. Thus, whilst the C3aR modulates some elements of disease pathogenesis, overall it is not critical in effector responses and glomerular injury caused by autoimmunity to MPO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Dick
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University Department of Medicine, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Nephrology, Monash Health, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Poh-Yi Gan
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University Department of Medicine, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - A. Richard Kitching
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University Department of Medicine, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Nephrology, Monash Health, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatric Nephrology, Monash Children’s Hospital, Monash Health, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stephen R. Holdsworth
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University Department of Medicine, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Nephrology, Monash Health, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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8
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Ray TD, Mekasha S, Liang Y, Lu B, Ram S, Ingalls RR. Species-specific differences in regulation of macrophage inflammation by the C3a-C3a receptor axis. Innate Immun 2018; 24:66-78. [PMID: 29297237 PMCID: PMC6818254 DOI: 10.1177/1753425917747044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Complement is an important arm of the innate immune system. Recent studies have shown that products of complement pathway activation can interact directly with other innate immune signaling molecules, including TLRs and inflammasome family members, during some infectious and chronic inflammatory disorders. Activation of the complement system generates anaphylatoxins, such as C3a and C5a, which modulate inflammation. However, the biological effects of interactions between the anaphylatoxins with their receptors may vary across species. In this study, we demonstrate that human complement and rat complement differ in the way they modulate the inflammatory response to the human pathogen, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, as well as purified pathogen-associated ligands, such as LPS. While rat serum down-regulates MyD88-dependent pro-inflammatory cytokine responses in macrophages, human serum has no effect, or in some cases an enhancing effect. Further, the inhibitory effect of rat serum on otherwise pro-inflammatory stimuli is mediated by complement, specifically C3a-C3a receptor interactions, via an undefined signaling mechanism that down-regulates the transcription factor, NF-κB and NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated caspase-1 activation. This study highlights important functional differences between rodent and human complement that could explain some of the differences in immune responses between these two species. Understanding the crosstalk between complement and other arms of the innate immune system will facilitate the development of better anti-inflammatory therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tathagat Dutta Ray
- 1 Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Boston Medical Center and Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Samrawit Mekasha
- 1 Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Boston Medical Center and Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yanmei Liang
- 1 Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Boston Medical Center and Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bao Lu
- 2 1862 Division of Pulmonary and Respiratory Disease, Boston Children's Hospital , Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sanjay Ram
- 3 Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Robin R Ingalls
- 1 Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Boston Medical Center and Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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9
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Cho M, Lee JE, Lim H, Shin HW, Khalmuratova R, Choi G, Kim HS, Choi WS, Park YJ, Shim I, Kim BS, Kang CY, Kim JO, Tanaka S, Kubo M, Tung HY, Landers CT, Corry DB, Kheradmand F, Chung Y. Fibrinogen cleavage products and Toll-like receptor 4 promote the generation of programmed cell death 1 ligand 2-positive dendritic cells in allergic asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2017; 142:530-541.e6. [PMID: 29038008 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2017.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inhaled protease allergens preferentially trigger TH2-mediated inflammation in allergic asthma. The role of dendritic cells (DCs) on induction of TH2 cell responses in allergic asthma has been well documented; however, the mechanism by which protease allergens induce TH2-favorable DCs in the airway remains unclear. OBJECTIVE We sought to determine a subset of DCs responsible for TH2 cell responses in allergic asthma and the mechanism by which protease allergens induce the DC subset in the airway. METHODS Mice were challenged intranasally with protease allergens or fibrinogen cleavage products (FCPs) to induce allergic airway inflammation. DCs isolated from mediastinal lymph nodes were analyzed for surface phenotype and T-cell stimulatory function. Anti-Thy1.2 and Mas-TRECK mice were used to deplete innate lymphoid cells and mast cells, respectively. Adoptive cell transfer, bone marrow DC culture, anti-IL-13, and Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4-deficient mice were used for further mechanistic studies. RESULTS Protease allergens induced a remarkable accumulation of TH2-favorable programmed cell death 1 ligand 2 (PD-L2)+ DCs in mediastinal lymph nodes, which was significantly abolished in mice depleted of mast cells and, to a lesser extent, innate lymphoid cells. Mechanistically, FCPs generated by protease allergens triggered IL-13 production from wild-type mast cells but not from TLR4-deficient mast cells, which resulted in an increase in the number of PD-L2+ DCs. Intranasal administration of FCPs induced an increase in numbers of PD-L2+ DCs in the airway, which was significantly abolished in TLR4- and mast cell-deficient mice. Injection of IL-13 restored the PD-L2+ DC population in mice lacking mast cells. CONCLUSION Our findings unveil the "protease-FCP-TLR4-mast cell-IL-13" axis as a molecular mechanism for generation of TH2-favorable PD-L2+ DCs in allergic asthma and suggest that targeting the PD-L2+ DC pathway might be effective in suppressing allergic T-cell responses in the airway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minkyoung Cho
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong-Eun Lee
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hoyong Lim
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun-Woo Shin
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences and Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Roza Khalmuratova
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Garam Choi
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | - Young-Jun Park
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Inbo Shim
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byung-Seok Kim
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang-Yuil Kang
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae-Ouk Kim
- Laboratory Science Division, International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Korea
| | - Shinya Tanaka
- Research Institute for Biomedical Science, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo, and the RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), Yokohama, Japan
| | - Masato Kubo
- Research Institute for Biomedical Science, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo, and the RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hui-Ying Tung
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Tex
| | - Cameron T Landers
- Program in Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Tex
| | - David B Corry
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Tex; Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Tex; Biology of Inflammation Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Tex
| | - Farrah Kheradmand
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Tex; Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Tex; Biology of Inflammation Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Tex
| | - Yeonseok Chung
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
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10
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Laumonnier Y, Wiese AV, Figge J, Karsten C. Regulation and function of anaphylatoxins and their receptors in allergic asthma. Mol Immunol 2017; 84:51-56. [PMID: 27916272 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2016.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Allergic asthma is a disease of the airways driven by maladaptive T helper 2 (Th2) and Th17 immune response against harmless, airborne substances. The hallmarks of this disease are airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), eosinophilic and neutrophilic airway inflammation and mucus overproduction. Distinct dendric cell (DC) subsets together with airway epithelial and pulmonary vascular endothelial cells play critical roles in allergen sensing and in driving T cell differentiation towards Th2 and Th17 effector or regulatory T cells (Treg). Previous studies suggested already a pivotal role for the anaphylatoxins (C5a, C3a) in the pathogenesis of allergic asthma. During sensitization for example it is described, that C3a promotes, whereas C5a protects from the development of maladaptive immunity during allergen sensitization. Here we will discuss the role of the anaphylatoxins (C3a, C5a) and their receptors during the pathogenesis of allergic asthma, and specifically in lung DC biology. We will also have a look on canonical and non-canonical complement activation and we will discuss novel concepts on how the adaptive immune system can regulate the function of ATRs also in the context of allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yves Laumonnier
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany.
| | - Anna V Wiese
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Julia Figge
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Christian Karsten
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany.
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11
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Verschoor A, Karsten CM, Broadley SP, Laumonnier Y, Köhl J. Old dogs-new tricks: immunoregulatory properties of C3 and C5 cleavage fragments. Immunol Rev 2017; 274:112-126. [PMID: 27782330 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The activation of the complement system by canonical and non-canonical mechanisms results in the generation of multiple C3 and C5 cleavage fragments including anaphylatoxins C3a and C5a as well as opsonizing C3b/iC3b. It is now well appreciated that anaphylatoxins not only act as pro-inflammatory mediators but as immunoregulatory molecules that control the activation status of cells and tissue at several levels. Likewise, C3b/iC3b is more than the opsonizing fragment that facilitates engulfment and destruction of targets by phagocytes. In the circulation, it also facilitates the transport and delivery of bacteria and immune complexes to phagocytes, through a process known as immune adherence, with consequences for adaptive immunity. Here, we will discuss non-classical immunoregulatory properties of C3 and C5 cleavage fragments. We highlight the influence of anaphylatoxins on Th2 and Th17 cell development during allergic asthma with a particular emphasis on their role in the modulation of CD11b+ conventional dendritic cells and monocyte-derived dendritic cells. Furthermore, we discuss the control of anaphylatoxin-mediated activation of dendritic cells and allergic effector cells by adaptive immune mechanisms that involve allergen-specific IgG1 antibodies and plasma or regulatory T cell-derived IL-10 production. Finally, we take a fresh look at immune adherence with a particular focus on the development of antibacterial cytotoxic T-cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Admar Verschoor
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.
| | - Christian M Karsten
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Steven P Broadley
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Yves Laumonnier
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jörg Köhl
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany. .,Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
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12
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Kim ER, Fan S, Akhmedov D, Sun K, Lim H, O'Brien W, Xu Y, Mangieri LR, Zhu Y, Lee CC, Chung Y, Xia Y, Xu Y, Li F, Sun K, Berdeaux R, Tong Q. Red blood cell β-adrenergic receptors contribute to diet-induced energy expenditure by increasing O2 supply. JCI Insight 2017; 2:93367. [PMID: 28724789 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.93367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Diet-induced obesity (DIO) represents the major cause for the current obesity epidemic, but the mechanism underlying DIO is unclear. β-Adrenergic receptors (β-ARs) play a major role in sympathetic nervous system-mediated (SNS-mediated) diet-induced energy expenditure (EE). Rbc express abundant β-ARs; however, a potential role for rbc in DIO remains untested. Here, we demonstrated that high-fat, high-caloric diet (HFD) feeding increased both EE and blood O2 content, and the HFD-induced increases in blood O2 level and in body weight gain were negatively correlated. Deficiency of β-ARs in rbc reduced glycolysis and ATP levels, diminished HFD-induced increases in both blood O2 content and EE, and resulted in DIO. Importantly, specific activation of cAMP signaling in rbc promoted HFD-induced EE and reduced HFD-induced tissue hypoxia independent of obesity. Both HFD and pharmacological activation cAMP signaling in rbc led to increased glycolysis and ATP levels. These results identify a previously unknown role for rbc β-ARs in mediating the SNS action on HFD-induced EE by increasing O2 supply, and they demonstrate that HFD-induced EE is limited by blood O2 availability and can be augenmented by increased O2 supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Ran Kim
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine and University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Shengjie Fan
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine and University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas, USA.,School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dmitry Akhmedov
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, Graduate Program in Cell and Regulatory Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
| | - Kaiqi Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate Program in Biochemistry, and
| | - Hoyong Lim
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine and University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - William O'Brien
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate Program in Biochemistry, and
| | - Yuanzhong Xu
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine and University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Leandra R Mangieri
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine and University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biological Sciences, University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Yaming Zhu
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine and University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Cheng-Chi Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate Program in Biochemistry, and
| | - Yeonseok Chung
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine and University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Yang Xia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate Program in Biochemistry, and
| | - Yong Xu
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, and
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Kai Sun
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine and University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Rebecca Berdeaux
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine and University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, Graduate Program in Cell and Regulatory Biology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
| | - Qingchun Tong
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine and University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biological Sciences, University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas, USA
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13
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Nabizadeh JA, Manthey HD, Steyn FJ, Chen W, Widiapradja A, Md Akhir FN, Boyle GM, Taylor SM, Woodruff TM, Rolfe BE. The Complement C3a Receptor Contributes to Melanoma Tumorigenesis by Inhibiting Neutrophil and CD4+ T Cell Responses. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 196:4783-92. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1600210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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14
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Coulthard LG, Woodruff TM. Is the complement activation product C3a a proinflammatory molecule? Re-evaluating the evidence and the myth. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 194:3542-8. [PMID: 25848071 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1403068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The complement activation product C3a is often described as a proinflammatory mediator, alongside its downstream cousin, C5a. However, emerging studies show that C3a has several anti-inflammatory facets in vivo. For example, in the acute inflammatory response, C3a acts in direct opposition to C5a, through preventing the accumulation of neutrophils in inflamed tissues by independently regulating their mobilization. This acute, protective, and opposing activity of C3a to C5a is also illustrated in models of septicemia. In this article, we reinvestigate the discovery and original classification of C3a as a proinflammatory mediator and highlight the emerging studies demonstrating anti-inflammatory effects for C3a in the immune response. It is our hope that this review illuminates these apparently contradictory roles for C3a and challenges the general dogma surrounding C3a, which, historically, has ubiquitously been described as a proinflammatory mediator. In light of this, we urge investigators to use "inflammatory modulator" as the descriptor for C3a.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam G Coulthard
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia 4072, Queensland, Australia
| | - Trent M Woodruff
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia 4072, Queensland, Australia
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15
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Dynamic control of Th2 cell responses by STAT3 during allergic lung inflammation in mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2015; 28:846-53. [PMID: 25871878 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2015.03.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) family molecules play essential roles during the differentiation of helper T cells from naïve precursors. Although the role of STAT3 in driving Th17 cell polarization has been well established, its role on Th2 responses to allergens remains incompletely understood. By employing T cell-specific STAT3 deficient mice, we demonstrate that STAT3 in T cells plays diverse role on Th2 cells depending on their locations in an animal model of allergic asthma. In the bronchial lymph nodes, STAT3-deficient T cells produced significantly reduced levels of Th2 cytokines. The frequencies of Th2 cells among CD4(+) T cells in the lung were comparable between STAT3-sufficient and STAT3-deficient T cells. By contrast, STAT3-deficient T cells in the airway exhibited significantly enhanced production of Th2 cell cytokines compared to STAT3-sufficient T cells. Interestingly, a major population of IL-4/5 producers among STAT3-deficient T cells in the airway co-produced IFNγ. The frequency of Th17 cells was significantly diminished whereas that of Th1 cells was increased in all the lung-associated tissues. Our results demonstrate the dynamic and opposing roles of STAT3 during the development of Th2 cells from bronchial lymph nodes to the airway and propose the need of careful consideration on STAT3-targeting approaches for the treatment of lung diseases.
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16
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Engelke C, Wiese AV, Schmudde I, Ender F, Ströver HA, Vollbrandt T, König P, Laumonnier Y, Köhl J. Distinct roles of the anaphylatoxins C3a and C5a in dendritic cell-mediated allergic asthma. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 193:5387-401. [PMID: 25355927 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1400080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Conventional dendritic cells (cDC) are necessary and sufficient to drive mixed maladaptive Th2/Th17 immune responses toward aeroallergens in experimental allergy models. Previous studies suggest that the anaphylatoxin C3a promotes, whereas C5a protects from the development of maladaptive immunity during allergen sensitization. However, only limited evidence exists that such effects are directly mediated through anaphylatoxin-receptor signaling in cDCs. In this study, we assessed the impact of C3a and C5a on cDC-mediated induction pulmonary allergy by adoptively transferring house dust mite (HDM)-pulsed bone marrow-derived DCs (BMDC) from wild-type (WT) C3aR(-/-), C5aR1(-/-), or C3aR(-/-)/C5aR1(-/-) into WT mice. Transfer of HDM-pulsed WT BMDCs promoted a strong asthmatic phenotype characterized by marked airway resistance, strong Th2 cytokine, and mucus production, as well as mixed eosinophilic and neurophilic airway inflammation. Surprisingly, C3aR(-/-) cDCs induced a strong allergic phenotype, but no IL-17A production, whereas HDM-pulsed C5aR1(-/-) cDCs failed to drive pulmonary allergy. Transfer of C3aR(-/-)/C5aR1(-/-) cDCs resulted in a slightly reduced allergic phenotype associated with increased IFN-γ production. Mechanistically, C3aR and C5aR1 signaling is required for IL-23 production from HDM-pulsed BMDCs in vitro. Furthermore, C3aR(-/-) BMDCs produced less IL-1β. The mechanisms underlying the failure of C5aR1(-/-) BMDCs to induce experimental allergy include a reduced capability to migrate into the lung tissue and a decreased potency to direct pulmonary homing of effector T cells. Thus, we uncovered a crucial role for C5a, but only a minor role for C3a in BMDC-mediated pulmonary allergy, suggesting that BMDCs inappropriately reflect the impact of complement on lung cDC-mediated allergic asthma development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Engelke
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck and Airway Research Center North, member of the German Center for Lung Research, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Anna V Wiese
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck and Airway Research Center North, member of the German Center for Lung Research, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Inken Schmudde
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck and Airway Research Center North, member of the German Center for Lung Research, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Fanny Ender
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck and Airway Research Center North, member of the German Center for Lung Research, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Heike A Ströver
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck and Airway Research Center North, member of the German Center for Lung Research, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | | | - Peter König
- Institute for Anatomy, University of Lübeck and Airway Research Center North, member of the German Center for Lung Research, 23538 Lübeck, Germany; and
| | - Yves Laumonnier
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck and Airway Research Center North, member of the German Center for Lung Research, 23538 Lübeck, Germany;
| | - Jörg Köhl
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck and Airway Research Center North, member of the German Center for Lung Research, 23538 Lübeck, Germany; Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229
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17
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Mueller-Ortiz SL, Morales JE, Wetsel RA. The receptor for the complement C3a anaphylatoxin (C3aR) provides host protection against Listeria monocytogenes-induced apoptosis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 193:1278-89. [PMID: 24981453 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1302787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a Gram-positive intracellular bacterium that is acquired through tainted food and may lead to systemic infection and possible death. Despite the importance of the innate immune system in fighting L. monocytogenes infection, little is known about the role of complement and its activation products, including the potent C3a anaphylatoxin. In a model of systemic L. monocytogenes infection, we show that mice lacking the receptor for C3a (C3aR(-/-)) are significantly more sensitive to infection compared with wild-type mice, as demonstrated by decreased survival, increased bacterial burden, and increased damage to their livers and spleens. The inability of the C3aR(-/-) mice to clear the bacterial infection was not caused by defective macrophages or by a reduction in cytokines/chemokines known to be critical in the host response to L. monocytogenes, including IFN-γ and TNF-α. Instead, TUNEL staining, together with Fas, active caspase-3, and Bcl-2 expression data, indicates that the increased susceptibility of C3aR(-/-) mice to L. monocytogenes infection was largely caused by increased L. monocytogenes-induced apoptosis of myeloid and lymphoid cells in the spleen that are required for ultimate clearance of L. monocytogenes, including neutrophils, macrophages, dendritic cells, and T cells. These findings reveal an unexpected function of C3a/C3aR signaling during the host immune response that suppresses Fas expression and caspase-3 activity while increasing Bcl-2 expression, thereby providing protection to both myeloid and lymphoid cells against L. monocytogenes-induced apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacey L Mueller-Ortiz
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, Research Center for Immunology and Autoimmune Diseases, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX 77030; and
| | - John E Morales
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, Research Center for Immunology and Autoimmune Diseases, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX 77030; and
| | - Rick A Wetsel
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, Research Center for Immunology and Autoimmune Diseases, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX 77030; and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX 77030
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18
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Zhang C, Li Y, Wang C, Wu Y, Du J. Antagonist of C5aR prevents cardiac remodeling in angiotensin II-induced hypertension. Am J Hypertens 2014; 27:857-64. [PMID: 24419904 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpt274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory responses mediate the development of perivascular fibrosis and heart dysfunction induced by hypertension. Complement is an important inflammatory system, and we aimed to evaluate the effect of a specific C5a receptor antagonist (C5aRA), PMX53, on inflammation and perivascular fibrosis in the hypertensive heart of the mouse. METHODS Hypertension was induced by angiotensin II (Ang II) subcutaneously infused at a dose of 1500 ng/kg/min for 7 days. PMX53 was administrated at a dose of 1mg/kg, intraperitoneally 1 day before and daily during Ang II infusion. RESULTS Although C5aRA treatment did not affect the elevated blood pressure by Ang II infusion, it reduced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, cardiac inflammation, and perivascular fibrosis. The mRNA and protein levels of the profibrotic cytokines transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), as measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry staining, were also attenuated by C5aRA treatment after Ang II infusion. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that inhibition of C5aR could be a potential therapeutic strategy in preventing organ damage in Ang II-induced hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congcong Zhang
- Beijing AnZhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, China
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19
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Molecular basis for downregulation of C5a-mediated inflammation by IgG1 immune complexes in allergy and asthma. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2014; 13:596-606. [PMID: 24013944 DOI: 10.1007/s11882-013-0387-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Allergy and asthma are triggered primarily by the binding of allergen-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE)-allergen complexes to their receptors, recognition of the allergens by antigen-presenting cells, and allergen presentation to the T cells. These events lead to mucus secretions, runny nose, itchy eyes, sneezing, airway hyperresponsiveness, and nasal congestion. Complement 5a (C5a) has emerged as a central molecule that mediates these allergic reactions. Many allergens and allergen-specific IgG immune complexes (IgG-ICs) cause complement activation and C5a generation. C5a interaction with its receptor (C5aR) leads to the infiltration and activation of several immunologic cell types and the secretion of pathogenic inflammatory and proinflammatory mediators. However, IgG1-IC binding to the IgG inhibitory Fc gamma receptor (FcγRIIB) suppresses C5aR-mediated inflammatory signaling and, hence, may reduce the inflammatory immune responses through this FcγRIIB-mediated pathway. Reviews of the IgG1-IC interactions with C5a-mediated inflammatory immune responses suggest that IgG1-IC-C5a inhibitory therapy may reduce inflammation in allergic diseases.
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20
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Lim H, Kim YU, Yun K, Drouin SM, Chung Y. Distinct regulation of Th2 and Th17 responses to allergens by pulmonary antigen presenting cells in vivo. Immunol Lett 2013; 156:140-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2013.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Revised: 10/02/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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21
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Couto Alves A, Bruhn S, Ramasamy A, Wang H, Holloway JW, Hartikainen AL, Jarvelin MR, Benson M, Balding DJ, Coin LJM. Dysregulation of complement system and CD4+ T cell activation pathways implicated in allergic response. PLoS One 2013; 8:e74821. [PMID: 24116013 PMCID: PMC3792967 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0074821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Accepted: 08/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Allergy is a complex disease that is likely to involve dysregulated CD4+ T cell activation. Here we propose a novel methodology to gain insight into how coordinated behaviour emerges between disease-dysregulated pathways in response to pathophysiological stimuli. Using peripheral blood mononuclear cells of allergic rhinitis patients and controls cultured with and without pollen allergens, we integrate CD4+ T cell gene expression from microarray data and genetic markers of allergic sensitisation from GWAS data at the pathway level using enrichment analysis; implicating the complement system in both cellular and systemic response to pollen allergens. We delineate a novel disease network linking T cell activation to the complement system that is significantly enriched for genes exhibiting correlated gene expression and protein-protein interactions, suggesting a tight biological coordination that is dysregulated in the disease state in response to pollen allergen but not to diluent. This novel disease network has high predictive power for the gene and protein expression of the Th2 cytokine profile (IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-13) and of the Th2 master regulator (GATA3), suggesting its involvement in the early stages of CD4+ T cell differentiation. Dissection of the complement system gene expression identifies 7 genes specifically associated with atopic response to pollen, including C1QR1, CFD, CFP, ITGB2, ITGAX and confirms the role of C3AR1 and C5AR1. Two of these genes (ITGB2 and C3AR1) are also implicated in the network linking complement system to T cell activation, which comprises 6 differentially expressed genes. C3AR1 is also significantly associated with allergic sensitisation in GWAS data.
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MESH Headings
- Allergens/pharmacology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/drug effects
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Cell Differentiation/drug effects
- Cell Differentiation/genetics
- Cytokines/genetics
- Cytokines/metabolism
- GATA3 Transcription Factor/genetics
- GATA3 Transcription Factor/metabolism
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Humans
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/drug effects
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/immunology
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/metabolism
- Lymphocyte Activation/drug effects
- Lymphocyte Activation/genetics
- Lymphocyte Activation/immunology
- Pollen
- Receptors, Complement/genetics
- Receptors, Complement/metabolism
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal/genetics
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal/immunology
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexessander Couto Alves
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, MRC-HPA Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sören Bruhn
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Adaikalavan Ramasamy
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, MRC-HPA Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Dept of Paediatrics, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - John W. Holloway
- Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Anna-Liisa Hartikainen
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Marjo-Riitta Jarvelin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, MRC-HPA Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu, and Unit of General Practice, University Hospital of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- National Institute of Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland
| | - Mikael Benson
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - David J. Balding
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, MRC-HPA Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Genetics Institute, University College London, United Kingdom
| | - Lachlan J. M. Coin
- Department of Genomics of Common Diseases, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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22
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Bargut TCL, Ferreira TPT, Daleprane JB, Martins MA, Silva PMR, Aguila MB. Fish oil has beneficial effects on allergen-induced airway inflammation and hyperreactivity in mice. PLoS One 2013; 8:e75059. [PMID: 24040386 PMCID: PMC3765396 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0075059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2012] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fish oil (FO) is rich in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), which have been suggested to be anti-inflammatory and are associated with improvement of several inflammatory diseases. In this study, we investigated the influence of FO on allergen-induced lung inflammation and airway hyperreactivity in mice. Methods Male A/J mice were fed either a standard-chow (SC) or a FO diet (FO) for 8 weeks. After 4 weeks, each group was further randomized for ovalbumin (SC-OVA and FO-OVA) or saline (SC-SAL and FO-SAL) challenge. Resistance and elastance were measured at baseline and after aerosolized methacholine, 24h after the last challenge. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was performed for leukocyte counts. Lung tissue mucus deposition, peribronchiolar matrix deposition and eosinophil infiltration were quantified. Serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) and IgG1 (ref 2.2), lung IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-13, IL-17, INFγ and eotaxin-1 and 2 were detected by ELISA and nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB), GATA-3 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) expression was measured by Western blot. Results Levels of serum IgE and IgG1 were significantly higher in OVA sensitized mice. OVA challenge resulted in increased eosinophil infiltration, increased inflammatory cytokine production, peribronchiolar matrix and mucus deposition and airway hyperreactivity to aerosolized methacholine. Elevated lung NFκB and GATA-3 expression was noted in OVA-challenged mice. These changes were attenuated in mice fed with FO diet. Higher PPARγ expression was also detected in the lungs from the FO-fed groups. Conclusion Our results demonstrate that FO intake attenuated classical asthma features by suppressing the systemic sensitization, thus providing evidence that FO might be a prophylactic alternative for asthma prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thereza Cristina Lonzetti Bargut
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Paula Teixeira Ferreira
- Laboratory of Inflammation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Julio Beltrame Daleprane
- Laboratory of Inflammation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marco Aurélio Martins
- Laboratory of Inflammation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Marcia Barbosa Aguila
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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23
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Abstract
C3a and C5a (also called anaphylatoxins) are inflammatory peptides generated during complement activation. They do not only play important roles in innate immunity through the initiation and regulation of inflammatory responses, but also significantly influence adaptive immune responses. Organ transplantation triggers an initial inflammatory response and subsequent to the specific immune response (also called the alloimmune response), both of which contribute to graft rejection. Emerging evidence suggests that anaphylatoxins, particularly C5a, are significantly involved in both inflammatory and alloimmune responses following organ transplantation, thus influencing graft outcome. This review will provide the information on our current understanding of the roles for anaphylatoxins in ischemia-reperfusion injury, graft rejection, and transplant tolerance, and the therapeutic potential of targeting anaphylatoxin receptors in organ transplantation.
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24
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Schmudde I, Laumonnier Y, Köhl J. Anaphylatoxins coordinate innate and adaptive immune responses in allergic asthma. Semin Immunol 2013; 25:2-11. [PMID: 23694705 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2013.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Accepted: 04/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Allergic asthma is a chronic disease of the airways in which maladaptive Th2 and Th17 immune responses drive airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), eosinophilic and neutrophilic airway inflammation and mucus overproduction. Airway epithelial and pulmonary vascular endothelial cells in concert with different resident and monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DC) play critical roles in allergen sensing and consecutive activation of TH cells and their differentiation toward TH2 and TH17 effector or regulatory T cells (Treg). Further, myeloid-derived regulatory cells (MDRC) act on TH cells and either suppress or enhance their activation. The complement-derived anaphylatoxins (AT) C3a and C5a are generated during initial antigen encounter and regulate the development of maladaptive immunity at allergen sensitization. Here, we will review the complex role of ATs in activation and modulation of different DC populations, MDRCs and CD4⁺ TH cells. We will also discuss the potential impact of ATs on the regulation of the pulmonary stromal compartment as an important means to regulate DC functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inken Schmudde
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, Germany
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25
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Garcia CC, Weston-Davies W, Russo RC, Tavares LP, Rachid MA, Alves-Filho JC, Machado AV, Ryffel B, Nunn MA, Teixeira MM. Complement C5 activation during influenza A infection in mice contributes to neutrophil recruitment and lung injury. PLoS One 2013; 8:e64443. [PMID: 23696894 PMCID: PMC3655967 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0064443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2012] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza virus A (IAV) causes annual epidemics and intermittent pandemics that affect millions of people worldwide. Potent inflammatory responses are commonly associated with severe cases of IAV infection. The complement system, an important mechanism of innate and humoral immune responses to infections, is activated during primary IAV infection and mediates, in association with natural IgM, viral neutralization by virion aggregation and coating of viral hemmagglutinin. Increased levels of the anaphylatoxin C5a were found in patients fatally infected with the most recent H1N1 pandemic virus. In this study, our aim was to evaluate whether targeting C5 activation alters inflammatory lung injury and viral load in a murine model of IAV infection. To address this question C57Bl/6j mice were infected intranasally with 10(4) PFU of the mouse adapted Influenza A virus A/WSN/33 (H1N1) or inoculated with PBS (Mock). We demonstrated that C5a is increased in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) upon experimental IAV infection. To evaluate the role of C5, we used OmCI, a potent arthropod-derived inhibitor of C5 activation that binds to C5 and prevents release of C5a by complement. OmCI was given daily by intraperitoneal injection from the day of IAV infection until day 5. Treatment with OmCI only partially reduced C5a levels in BALF. However, there was significant inhibition of neutrophil and macrophage infiltration in the airways, Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs) formation, death of leukocytes, lung epithelial injury and overall lung damage induced by the infection. There was no effect on viral load. Taken together, these data suggest that targeting C5 activation with OmCI during IAV infection could be a promising approach to reduce excessive inflammatory reactions associated with the severe forms of IAV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiana C. Garcia
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Remo C. Russo
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Luciana P. Tavares
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Milene A. Rachid
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Departamento de Patologia Geral, ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - José C. Alves-Filho
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alexandre V. Machado
- Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Bernhard Ryffel
- CNRS UMR7355, CNRS and University Orleans, France and IIDMM, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Miles A. Nunn
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Wallingford, United Kingdom
| | - Mauro M. Teixeira
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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