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Bérubé M, Abedini A, Lapointe E, Gusscott S, Brind'Amour J, Zamberlam G, Boerboom D. SFRP4 promotes autophagy and blunts FSH responsiveness through inhibition of AKT signaling in ovarian granulosa cells. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:396. [PMID: 39138534 PMCID: PMC11323480 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01736-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Secreted frizzled-related proteins (SFRPs) comprise a family of WNT signaling antagonists whose roles in the ovary are poorly understood. Sfrp4-null mice were previously found to be hyperfertile due to an enhanced granulosa cell response to gonadotropins, leading to decreased antral follicle atresia and enhanced ovulation rates. The present study aimed to elucidate the mechanisms whereby SFRP4 antagonizes FSH action. METHODS Primary cultures of granulosa cells from wild-type mice were treated with FSH and/or SFRP4, and effects of treatment on gene expression were evaluated by RT-qPCR and RNAseq. Bioinformatic analyses were conducted to analyse the effects of SFRP4 on the transcriptome, and compare them to those of FSH or a constitutively active mutant of FOXO1. Additional granulosa cell cultures from wild-type or Sfrp4-null mice, some pretreated with pharmacologic inhibitors of specific signaling effectors, were used to examine the effects of FSH and/or SFRP4 on signaling pathways, autophagy and apoptosis by western blotting and TUNEL. RESULTS Treatment of cultured granulosa cells with recombinant SFRP4 was found to decrease basal and FSH-stimulated mRNA levels of FSH target genes. Unexpectedly, this effect was found to occur neither via a canonical (CTNNB1-dependent) nor non-canonical WNT signaling mechanism, but was found to be GSK3β-dependent. Rather, SFRP4 was found to antognize AKT activity via a mechanism involving AMPK. This lead to the hypophosphorylation of FOXO1 and a decrease in the expression of a portion of the FSH and FOXO1 transcriptomes. Conversely, FSH-stimulated AMPK, AKT and FOXO1 phosphorylation levels were found to be increased in the granulosa cells of Sfrp4-null mice relative to wild-type controls. SFRP4 treatement of granulosa cells also induced autophagy by signaling via AKT-mTORC1-ULK1, as well as apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS This study identifies a novel GSK3β-AMPK-AKT signaling mechanism through which SFPR4 antagonizes FSH action, and further identifies SFRP4 as a novel regulator of granulosa cell autophagy. These findings provide a mechanistic basis for the phenotypic changes previously observed in Sfrp4-null mice, and broaden our understanding of the physiological roles of WNT signaling processes in the ovary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Bérubé
- Centre de Recherche en Reproduction et Fertilité, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, 3200 rue Sicotte, St-Hyacinthe, QC, J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - Atefeh Abedini
- Centre de Recherche en Reproduction et Fertilité, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, 3200 rue Sicotte, St-Hyacinthe, QC, J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - Evelyne Lapointe
- Centre de Recherche en Reproduction et Fertilité, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, 3200 rue Sicotte, St-Hyacinthe, QC, J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - Samuel Gusscott
- Centre de Recherche en Reproduction et Fertilité, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, 3200 rue Sicotte, St-Hyacinthe, QC, J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - Julie Brind'Amour
- Centre de Recherche en Reproduction et Fertilité, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, 3200 rue Sicotte, St-Hyacinthe, QC, J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - Gustavo Zamberlam
- Centre de Recherche en Reproduction et Fertilité, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, 3200 rue Sicotte, St-Hyacinthe, QC, J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - Derek Boerboom
- Centre de Recherche en Reproduction et Fertilité, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, 3200 rue Sicotte, St-Hyacinthe, QC, J2S 2M2, Canada.
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Kagawa T, Mineda A, Nakagawa T, Shinohara A, Arakaki R, Inui H, Noguchi H, Yoshida A, Kinouchi R, Yamamoto Y, Yoshida K, Kaji T, Nishimura M, Iwasa T. New treatment strategies for uterine sarcoma using secreted frizzled‑related proteins. Exp Ther Med 2024; 27:231. [PMID: 38628655 PMCID: PMC11019650 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2024.12520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Secreted frizzled-related proteins (SFRPs) are involved in the development of various types of cancer and function by suppressing the Wnt signaling pathway. To elucidate the clinical implications of SFRPs in uterine sarcoma, SFRP expression levels and their effects on uterine leiomyosarcoma cells were examined. Immunostaining for SFRP4 was performed on uterine smooth muscle, uterine fibroid and uterine leiomyosarcoma tissues. Additionally, the effects of SFRP4 administration on cell viability, migration and adhesion were evaluated in uterine leiomyosarcoma SKN cells using the WST-1 assay (Roche Diagnostics) and the CytoSelect™ 24-well Cell Migration Assay Kit and the CytoSelect™ 48-well Cell Adhesion Assay Kit. The expression levels of SFRP4 in uterine leiomyosarcoma tissues were lower than those in normal smooth muscle and uterine fibroid tissues. In addition, SFRP4 suppressed the viability and migration, and increased the adhesion ability of uterine leiomyosarcoma cells compared with in the control group. In conclusion, SFRP4 may suppress the viability and migration, and enhance the adhesion of sarcoma cells. These results suggested that SFRP4 could be considered as a novel therapeutic target for uterine sarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Kagawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Ayuka Mineda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Tomotaka Nakagawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Ayaka Shinohara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Arakaki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Inui
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Hiroki Noguchi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Atsuko Yoshida
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Riyo Kinouchi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Yuri Yamamoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Kanako Yoshida
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Takashi Kaji
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Masato Nishimura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Takeshi Iwasa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
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Ning L, Quan C, Wang Y, Wu Z, Yuan P, Xie N. scRNA-seq characterizing the heterogeneity of fibroblasts in breast cancer reveals a novel subtype SFRP4 + CAF that inhibits migration and predicts prognosis. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1348299. [PMID: 38686196 PMCID: PMC11056562 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1348299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are a diverse group of cells that significantly impact the tumor microenvironment and therapeutic responses in breast cancer (BC). Despite their importance, the comprehensive profile of CAFs in BC remains to be fully elucidated. Methods To address this gap, we utilized single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to delineate the CAF landscape within 14 BC normal-tumor paired samples. We further corroborated our findings by analyzing several public datasets, thereby validating the newly identified CAF subtype. Additionally, we conducted coculture experiments with BC cells to assess the functional implications of this CAF subtype. Results Our scRNA-seq analysis unveiled eight distinct CAF subtypes across five tumor and six adjacent normal tissue samples. Notably, we discovered a novel subtype, designated as SFRP4+ CAFs, which was predominantly observed in normal tissues. The presence of SFRP4+ CAFs was substantiated by two independent scRNA-seq datasets and a spatial transcriptomics dataset. Functionally, SFRP4+ CAFs were found to impede BC cell migration and the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process by secreting SFRP4, thereby modulating the WNT signaling pathway. Furthermore, we established that elevated expression levels of SFRP4+ CAF markers correlate with improved survival outcomes in BC patients, yet paradoxically, they predict a diminished response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in cases of triple-negative breast cancer. Conclusion This investigation sheds light on the heterogeneity of CAFs in BC and introduces a novel SFRP4+ CAF subtype that hinders BC cell migration. This discovery holds promise as a potential biomarker for refined prognostic assessment and therapeutic intervention in BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lvwen Ning
- Biobank, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chuntao Quan
- Biobank, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Biobank, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhijie Wu
- Biobank, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Peixiu Yuan
- College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ni Xie
- Biobank, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
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Chen CH, Chen CJ, Huang YC, Huang PS, Chi HC, Chuang HC, Lin MH, Huang TH, Hsu JT, Chen CY. Secreted Frizzled-Related Protein 4 Induces Gastric Cancer Progression and Resistance to Cisplatin and Oxaliplatin via β-Catenin Dysregulation. Chemotherapy 2023; 69:150-164. [PMID: 38071975 DOI: 10.1159/000533767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Gastric cancer is the fifth most common cancer and third leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. There are three main ways to treat gastric cancer: surgical resection, radiation therapy, and drug therapy. Furthermore, combinations of two to three regimens can improve survival. However, the survival outcomes of chemotherapy in advanced gastric cancer patients are still unsatisfactory. Unfortunately, no widely useful biomarkers have been verified to predict the efficacy of chemotherapy for locally advanced gastric cancer. METHODS An MTT assay was used to determine the cell viability after cisplatin or oxaliplatin treatment. Western blotting and immunohistochemistry were utilized to examine the secreted frizzled-related protein 4 (sFRP4) level and associated signaling pathways. Immunofluorescence staining was utilized to analyze the location of β-catenin. Colony formation and Transwell assays were used to analyze the functions related with cisplatin, oxaliplatin, and sFRP4. RESULTS We have found that gastric cancer patients treated with combinations of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and cisplatin regimens have better survival rates than those treated with 5-FU-based chemotherapy alone. sFRP4 was selected as a potential target from stringent analysis and intersection of 5-FU and cisplatin resistance-related gene sets. sFRP4 was shown to be overexpressed in clinical gastric tumor tissues and positively correlated with a worse survival rate. In addition, sFRP4 and β-catenin were upregulated in cisplatin- and oxaliplatin-resistant gastric cancer cells compared to parental cells. Immunofluorescence staining and nuclear fractionation showed that β-catenin was translocated from the cytosol into the nucleus. Moreover, sFRP4 was detected in the conditioned medium of these resistant cells, which indicates that sFRP4 might have an extracellular role in chemotherapy resistance. Increased migration capacity and dysregulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition-related markers, which might result from the dysregulation of sFRP4, were observed in cisplatin- and oxaliplatin-resistant gastric cancer cells. DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION In summary, sFRP4 might play a critical role in resistance to cisplatin and oxaliplatin, cell metastasis, and poor prognosis in gastric cancer via the Wnt-β-catenin pathway. Investigations of the molecular mechanism underlying sFRP4-modulated cancer progression and chemotherapeutic outcomes can provide additional therapeutic strategies for gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Han Chen
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Jung Chen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ching Huang
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Po-Shuan Huang
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biochemical and Biomedical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Cheng Chi
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Huei-Chieh Chuang
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
- Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Hung Lin
- Health Information and Epidemiology Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi Branch, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Hao Huang
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Jun-Te Hsu
- Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of General Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yi Chen
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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Guo L, Chen H, Chen J, Gao C, Fu X, Zhou S, Wu W, Li T, Lin J, Yang T, Chen Z, Cao L. PBX1-promoted SFRP4 transcription inhibits cell proliferation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in endometrial carcinoma. Tissue Cell 2023; 82:102083. [PMID: 37054536 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2023.102083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the effects and mechanisms of action of the PBX1/secreted frizzled-related protein 4 (SFRP4) axis in endometrial carcinoma (EC). METHODS The expression of PBX1 and SFRP4 was analyzed using bioinformatics prediction, followed by validation in EC cells using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. After transduction with overexpression vectors for PBX1 and SFRP4, migration, proliferation, and invasion of EC cells were measured, accompanied by the detection of E-cadherin, Snail, N-cadherin, Vimentin, β-catenin, GSK-3β, and C-myc expression. The association between PBX1 and SFRP4 was validated using dual luciferase reporter gene and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays. RESULTS PBX1 and SFRP4 were downregulated in EC cells. Overexpression of PBX1 or SFRP4 resulted in weakened cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, as well as decreased expression of Snail, N-cadherin, Vimentin, β-catenin, GSK-3β, and C-myc and increased expression of E-cadherin. PBX1 bound to the SFRP4 promoter and promoted its transcription. Knockdown of SFRP4 reversed the repression of overexpressed PBX1 in the malignant phenotypes and EMT of EC cells, and PBX1 repressed Wnt/β-catenin pathway activation by upregulating SFRP4 transcription. CONCLUSION PBX1 inhibited activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway by promoting SFRP4 transcription, thereby suppressing malignant phenotypes in EC cells and the EMT process.
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Short peptide domains of the Wnt inhibitor sFRP4 target ovarian cancer stem cells by neutralizing the Wnt β-catenin pathway, disrupting the interaction between β-catenin and CD24 and suppressing autophagy. Life Sci 2023; 316:121384. [PMID: 36646377 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
AIMS One of the hallmarks of cancer stem cells (CSC) is hyperactive Wnt β-catenin signaling due to the decreased presence of Wnt antagonists such as secreted frizzled related protein 4 (SFRP4). Cysteine-rich domain (CRD) and netrin-like domain (NLD) are the two functional domains of SFRP4 having anti-tumor properties. In this study, we have explored the effectiveness of short micropeptides SC-301 (from CRD) and SC-401 (from NLD) on CSC properties, EMT, apoptosis and autophagy in ovarian CSCs enriched from PA-1 and SKOV-3 cell lines. MAIN METHODS Gene expression analysis, Western blot and immunocytochemistry were performed on ovarian CSCs to evaluate the inhibitory potential of micropeptides to various CSC associated oncogenic properties. Co-immunoprecipitation was performed to detect the binding of CD24 to β-catenin protein complex. CYTO-ID Autophagy Detection Kit 2.0 was used to monitor autophagic flux in peptide treated CSCs. KEY FINDINGS It is clearly seen that the micropeptides derived from both the domains inhibit Wnt pathway, initiate apoptosis, inhibit migration and chemosensitize CSCs. Specifically, CD24, a defining marker of ovarian CSC was suppressed by peptide treatment. Notably, interaction between CD24 and β-catenin was disrupted upon peptide treatment. SFRP4 peptide treatment also suppressed the autophagic process which is crucial for CSC survival. SIGNIFICANCE The study demonstrated that although both peptides have inhibitory effects, SC-401 was emphatically more effective in targeting CSC properties and down regulating the Wnt β-catenin machinery.
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Hong J, Wong B, Rhodes CJ, Kurt Z, Schwantes-An TH, Mickler EA, Gräf S, Eyries M, Lutz KA, Pauciulo MW, Trembath RC, Montani D, Morrell NW, Wilkins MR, Nichols WC, Trégouët DA, Aldred MA, Desai AA, Tuder RM, Geraci MW, Eghbali M, Stearman RS, Yang X. Integrative Multiomics to Dissect the Lung Transcriptional Landscape of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.12.523812. [PMID: 36712057 PMCID: PMC9882207 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.12.523812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) remains an incurable and often fatal disease despite currently available therapies. Multiomics systems biology analysis can shed new light on PAH pathobiology and inform translational research efforts. Using RNA sequencing on the largest PAH lung biobank to date (96 disease and 52 control), we aim to identify gene co-expression network modules associated with PAH and potential therapeutic targets. Co-expression network analysis was performed to identify modules of co-expressed genes which were then assessed for and prioritized by importance in PAH, regulatory role, and therapeutic potential via integration with clinicopathologic data, human genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of PAH, lung Bayesian regulatory networks, single-cell RNA-sequencing data, and pharmacotranscriptomic profiles. We identified a co-expression module of 266 genes, called the pink module, which may be a response to the underlying disease process to counteract disease progression in PAH. This module was associated not only with PAH severity such as increased PVR and intimal thickness, but also with compensated PAH such as lower number of hospitalizations, WHO functional class and NT-proBNP. GWAS integration demonstrated the pink module is enriched for PAH-associated genetic variation in multiple cohorts. Regulatory network analysis revealed that BMPR2 regulates the main target of FDA-approved riociguat, GUCY1A2, in the pink module. Analysis of pathway enrichment and pink hub genes (i.e. ANTXR1 and SFRP4) suggests the pink module inhibits Wnt signaling and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Cell type deconvolution showed the pink module correlates with higher vascular cell fractions (i.e. myofibroblasts). A pharmacotranscriptomic screen discovered ubiquitin-specific peptidases (USPs) as potential therapeutic targets to mimic the pink module signature. Our multiomics integrative study uncovered a novel gene subnetwork associated with clinicopathologic severity, genetic risk, specific vascular cell types, and new therapeutic targets in PAH. Future studies are warranted to investigate the role and therapeutic potential of the pink module and targeting USPs in PAH.
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Zhang X, Qiu X, Zhao W, Song L, Zhang X, Yang L, Tao M. Over-Expression of ARID3B Suppresses Tumor Progression and Predicts Better Prognosis in Patients With Gastric Cancer. Cancer Control 2023; 30:10732748231169403. [PMID: 37071790 PMCID: PMC10126794 DOI: 10.1177/10732748231169403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND ARID3B (AT-rich interaction domain 3B) has been demonstrated to be associated with the progression and patient prognosis of several human tumors. We conducted the present study to investigate the biological behavior and clinical relevance of ARID3B in gastric cancer (GC). METHODS Detection of the expression level in GC tissues and cell lines were performed by Western blot and immunohistochemistry. We also retrospectively analyzed the correlation of ARID3B with clinicopathological characteristics and patient prognosis in gastric cancer. The biological functions of ARID3B in GC cells were further explored by transwell migration assays, wound healing assays and cell proliferation assay. RESULTS The present study suggested that the expression of ARID3B was significantly lower in GC tissues than in adjacent normal tissues. IHC staining in tissues of 406 GC patients from training and validation sets verified that ARID3B over-expression correlated with clinicopathological features, such as degree of differentiation and clinical stage. Meanwhile, ARID3B was proved to be an independent prognostic factor for GC prognosis. Furthermore, over-expression of ARID3B suppressed proliferation in GC cells according CCK8 assay. We found that over-expression of ARID3B inhibited GC cell migration by transwell assay and wound healing assay. Furthermore, EMT markers were detected in ARID3B over-expression GC cells, which showed that ARID3B may inhibit metastasis of GC cells. CONCLUSION Our results firstly revealed that the expression level of ARID3B was closely correlated with clinicopathological features and may serve as an independent prognostic factor for GC patients. More importantly, ARID3B could suppress GC progression, including cell proliferation, migration and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xunlei Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinyue Qiu
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenjing Zhao
- Cancer Research Center, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Song
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xingsong Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong Jiangsu, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Min Tao
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Oncology, Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
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Ma X, Tan Z, Zhang Q, Ma K, Xiao J, Wang X, Wang Y, Zhong M, Wang Y, Li J, Zeng X, Guan W, Wang S, Gong K, Wei GH, Wang Z. VHL Ser65 mutations enhance HIF2α signaling and promote epithelial-mesenchymal transition of renal cancer cells. Cell Biosci 2022; 12:52. [PMID: 35505422 PMCID: PMC9066845 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-022-00790-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease is an autosomal dominant genetic neoplastic disorder caused by germline mutation or deletion of the VHL gene, characterized by the tendency to develop multisystem benign or malignant tumors. The mechanism of VHL mutants in pathogenicity is poorly understand.
Results
Here we identified heterozygous missense mutations c.193T > C and c.194C > G in VHL in several patients from two Chinese families. These mutations are predicted to cause Serine (c.193T > C) to Proline and Tryptophan (c.194C > G) substitution at residue 65 of VHL protein (p.Ser65Pro and Ser65Trp). Ser65 residue, located within the β-domain and nearby the interaction sites with hypoxia-inducing factor α (HIFα), is highly conserved among different species. We observed gain of functions in VHL mutations, thereby stabilizing HIF2α protein and reprograming HIF2α genome-wide target gene transcriptional programs. Further analysis of independent cohorts of patients with renal carcinoma revealed specific HIF2α gene expression signatures in the context of VHL Ser65Pro or Ser65Trp mutation, showing high correlations with hypoxia and epithelial-mesenchymal transition signaling activities and strong associations with poor prognosis.
Conclusions
Together, our findings highlight the crucial role of pVHL-HIF dysregulation in VHL disease and strengthen the clinical relevance and significance of the missense mutations of Ser65 residue in pVHL in the familial VHL disease.
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Li H, Zheng X, Gao J, Leung KS, Wong MH, Yang S, Liu Y, Dong M, Bai H, Ye X, Cheng L. Whole transcriptome analysis reveals non-coding RNA's competing endogenous gene pairs as novel form of motifs in serous ovarian cancer. Comput Biol Med 2022; 148:105881. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2022.105881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Nfonsam V, Wusterbarth E, Gong A, Vij P. Early-Onset Colorectal Cancer. Surg Oncol Clin N Am 2022; 31:143-155. [DOI: 10.1016/j.soc.2021.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Liu J, Cui G, Shen S, Gao F, Zhu H, Xu Y. Establishing a Prognostic Signature Based on Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition-Related Genes for Endometrial Cancer Patients. Front Immunol 2022; 12:805883. [PMID: 35095892 PMCID: PMC8795518 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.805883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Backgrounds Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a sequential process where tumor cells develop from the epithelial state to the mesenchymal state. EMT contributes to various tumor functions including initiation, propagating potential, and resistance to therapy, thus affecting the survival time of patients. The aim of this research is to set up an EMT-related prognostic signature for endometrial cancer (EC). Methods EMT-related gene (ERG) expression and clinical data were acquired from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). The entire set was randomly divided into two sets, one for contributing the risk model (risk score) and the other for validating. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were applied to the training set to select the prognostic ERGs. The expression of 10 ERGs was confirmed by qRT-PCR in clinical samples. Then, we developed a nomogram predicting 1-/3-/5-year survival possibility combining the risk score and clinical factors. The entire set was stratified into the high- and low-risk groups, which was used to analyze the immune infiltrating, tumorigenesis pathways, and response to drugs. Results A total of 220 genes were screened out from 1,316 ERGs for their differential expression in tumor versus normal. Next, 10 genes were found to be associated with overall survival (OS) in EC, and the expression was validated by qRT-PCR using clinical samples, so we constructed a 10-ERG-based risk score to distinguish high-/low-risk patients and a nomogram to predict survival rate. The calibration plots proved the predictive value of our model. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) discovered that in the low-risk group, immune-related pathways were enriched; in the high-risk group, tumorigenesis pathways were enriched. The low-risk group showed more immune activities, higher tumor mutational burden (TMB), and higher CTAL4/PD1 expression, which was in line with a better response to immune checkpoint inhibitors. Nevertheless, response to chemotherapeutic drugs turned out better in the high-risk group. The high-risk group had higher N 6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA expression, microsatellite instability level, and stemness indices. Conclusion We constructed the ERG-related signature model to predict the prognosis of EC patients. What is more, it might offer a reference for predicting individualized response to immune checkpoint inhibitors and chemotherapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhui Liu
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guoliang Cui
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuning Shen
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongjun Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Nantong Third People's Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yinghua Xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nantong Third People's Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, Nantong, China
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13
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Li C, Liu K, Dai J, Li X, Liu X, Ni W, Li H, Wang D, Qiao J, Wang Y, Cui Y, Xia X, Hu S. Whole-genome resequencing to investigate the determinants of the multi-lumbar vertebrae trait in sheep. Gene 2022; 809:146020. [PMID: 34656743 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2021.146020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Multi-lumbar vertebrae trait is a beneficial mutation that can significantly improve livestock meat production. However, the genetic basis of the multi-lumbar vertebrae in sheep is still unclear. Here, we analysed the number of lumbar vertebrae of Duolang sheep and found three different traits of lumbar vertebrae number. Compared with the normal sheep, the length and weight of animal carcass from the multi-lumbar vertebrae sheep increased by 2.21 cm and 0.78 kg, respectively. We performed high-throughput genome resequencing on multi-lumbar vertebrae (n = 18) and normal (n = 11) Duolang sheep and obtained a total of more than 528.87 GB data. We found that the most significantly selective region were located in the 49.68-49.74 MB of chromosome 4 by selective-sweep analysis. We annotated this region and found that it contains SFRP4 which is known to regulate bone development. We further used the PCR-SSCP technology to detect the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of the putative candidate SFRP4 and found that the two SNPs (rs600370085:C > T and rs415133338: A > G) of this gene were significantly associated with the multi-lumbar vertebrae of Duolang sheep. Our study indicates that the SFRP4 may be a potential major gene that affects the number of lumbar vertebrae in Duolang sheep, and has the potential to be utilized for sheep breeding in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cunyuan Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China; College of Life Science, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China
| | - Kaiping Liu
- College of Life Science, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China
| | - Jihong Dai
- College of Life Science, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China
| | - Xiaoyue Li
- College of Life Science, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China
| | - Xia Liu
- College of Life Science, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China
| | - Wei Ni
- College of Life Science, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China
| | - Hui Li
- College of Life Science, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China
| | - Dawei Wang
- College of Life Science, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China
| | - Jun Qiao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China.
| | - Yue Wang
- College of Life Science, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China
| | - Yuying Cui
- College of Life Science, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China
| | - Xianzhu Xia
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China.
| | - Shengwei Hu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China; College of Life Science, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China.
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Hsieh PL, Chen SH, Huang YF, Lu MY, Yu CC. The functional roles of microRNAs in the pathogenesis of oral submucous fibrosis. J Dent Sci 2021; 17:683-687. [PMID: 35756801 PMCID: PMC9201545 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2021.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD) are lesions that may precede the onset of cancers in the oral cavity, and oral submucosal fibrosis (OSF) is one of the OPMD that is usually found in the buccal mucosa. Considerable effort has been made to elucidate the pathogenesis of OSF, and emerging evidence has suggested that microRNAs may play significant roles in the development of OSF. Several studies demonstrated that aberrant expression of miRNAs is also observed in the fibrotic BMFs (fBMFs) derived from OSF tissues. For instance, it has been shown that miR-10b, miR-21, and miR-1246 are significantly elevated, and miR-29b, miR-200b, and miR-200c are reduced in fBMFs. This review systematically summarizes the current knowledge regarding the aberrant expression of microRNAs, molecular mechanisms underlying oral fibrogenesis by the dysregulated microRNAs, and how the interaction between microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs contributes to the progression of OSF. An overview of the modes of action by these microRNAs will provide a fundamental basis for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Ling Hsieh
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Han Chen
- School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Feng Huang
- School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Yi Lu
- School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Corresponding author. School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, No.110, Sec.1, Jianguo N. Rd., Taichung, 40201, Taiwan.
| | - Cheng-Chia Yu
- School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Institute of Oral Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Corresponding author. Institute of Oral Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, No.110, Sec.1, Jianguo N. Rd., Taichung, 40201, Taiwan.
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Chen J, Liu C, Liang T, Xu G, Zhang Z, Lu Z, Jiang J, Chen T, Li H, Huang S, Chen L, Sun X, Cen J, Zhan X. Comprehensive analyses of potential key genes in active tuberculosis: A systematic review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e26582. [PMID: 34397688 PMCID: PMC8322549 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000026582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tuberculosis (TB) is a global health problem that brings us numerous difficulties. Diverse genetic factors play a significant role in the progress of TB disease. However, still no key genes for TB susceptibility have been reported. This study aimed to identify the key genes of TB through comprehensive bioinformatics analysis. METHODS The series microarray datasets from the gene expression omnibus (GEO) database were analyzed. We used the online tool GEO2R to filtrate differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between TB and health control. Database for annotation can complete gene ontology function analysis as well as Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks of DEGs were established by STRING online tool and visualized by Cytoscape software. Molecular Complex Detection can complete the analysis of modules in the PPI networks. Finally, the significant hub genes were confirmed by plug-in Genemania of Cytoscape, and verified by the verification cohort and protein test. RESULTS There are a total of 143 genes were confirmed as DEGs, containing 48 up-regulated genes and 50 down-regulated genes. The gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis show that upregulated DEGs were associated with cancer and phylogenetic, whereas downregulated DEGs mainly concentrate on inflammatory immunity. PPI networks show that signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1), guanylate binding protein 5 (GBP5), 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthetase 1 (OAS1), catenin beta 1 (CTNNB1), and guanylate binding protein 1 (GBP1) were identified as significantly different hub genes. CONCLUSION We conclude that these genes, including TAT1, GBP5, OAS1, CTNNB1, GBP1 are a candidate as potential core genes in TB and treatment of TB in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiarui Chen
- Spine and Osteopathy Ward, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Chong Liu
- Spine and Osteopathy Ward, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Tuo Liang
- Spine and Osteopathy Ward, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoyong Xu
- Spine and Osteopathy Ward, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Zide Zhang
- Spine and Osteopathy Ward, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaojun Lu
- Spine and Osteopathy Ward, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Jiang
- Spine and Osteopathy Ward, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianyou Chen
- Spine and Osteopathy Ward, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Li
- Spine and Osteopathy Ward, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengsheng Huang
- Spine and Osteopathy Ward, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Liyi Chen
- Spine and Osteopathy Ward, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xihua Sun
- Spine and Osteopathy Ward, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiemei Cen
- Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinli Zhan
- Spine and Osteopathy Ward, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
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16
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Anciaux M, Demetter P, De Wind R, Gomez Galdon M, Vande Velde S, Lens G, Craciun L, Deleruelle A, Larsimont D, Lenaerts T, Sclafani F, Deleporte A, Donckier V, Hendlisz A, Vandeputte C. Infiltrative tumour growth pattern correlates with poor outcome in oesophageal cancer. BMJ Open Gastroenterol 2021; 7:bmjgast-2020-000431. [PMID: 32675198 PMCID: PMC7368551 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgast-2020-000431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Oesophageal cancer (OEC) is an aggressive disease with a poor survival rate. Prognostic markers are thus urgently needed. Due to the demonstrated prognostic value of histopathological growth pattern (HGP) in other cancers, we performed a retrospective assessment of HGP in patients suffering from invasive OEC. Design A first cohort composed of 89 treatment-naïve operated patients with OEC from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) public database was constituted, from which H&E images and RNA-sequencing data were retrieved. Next, a second cohort composed of 99 patients with OEC treated and operated in a Belgian hospital was established. H&E-stained sections and extracted tumorous RNA were obtained from the samples. HGP were assessed on H&E slides as infiltrative (IGP) or expansive (EGP). TCGA RNA-sequencing data were analysed through the gene set enrichment analysis and Cytoscape softwares. Real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) experiments were performed to assess gene expression in the Belgian cohort. Results IGP patients displayed a grim prognosis compared with EGP patients, while IGP was found as associated with numerous lymphovascular emboli and perinervous infiltrations. Analyses of the TCGA expression data showed that angiogenesis, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and inflammation were significantly upregulated in IGP compared with EGP samples. qPCR experiments of three genes appearing as highly upregulated in each pathway showed no difference in expression according to the HGP. Conclusion The current study demonstrates the poor prognostic value carried by IGP in OC and suggests angiogenesis, EMT and inflammation as key carcinogenetic pathways upregulated in this pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maelle Anciaux
- Digestive Oncology Laboratory, Institut Jules Bordet, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Pieter Demetter
- Department of Pathology, Institut Jules Bordet, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Roland De Wind
- Department of Pathology, Institut Jules Bordet, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | | | - Sylvie Vande Velde
- Machine Learning Group, ULB, Bruxelles, Belgium.,Interuniversity Institute of Bioinformatics in Brussels (ULB-VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Gaspard Lens
- Computer Science Unit, Haute Ecole Leonard de Vinci Institut Paul Lambin, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Ligia Craciun
- Department of Pathology, Institut Jules Bordet, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Amélie Deleruelle
- Digestive Oncology Laboratory, Institut Jules Bordet, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Denis Larsimont
- Department of Pathology, Institut Jules Bordet, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Tom Lenaerts
- Machine Learning Group, ULB, Bruxelles, Belgium.,Interuniversity Institute of Bioinformatics in Brussels (ULB-VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Francesco Sclafani
- Digestive Oncology Laboratory, Institut Jules Bordet, Bruxelles, Belgium.,Gastrointestinal Oncology Unit, Medical Oncology, Institut Jules Bordet, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Amélie Deleporte
- Gastrointestinal Oncology Unit, Medical Oncology, Institut Jules Bordet, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Vincent Donckier
- Department of Surgery, Institut Jules Bordet, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Alain Hendlisz
- Gastrointestinal Oncology Unit, Medical Oncology, Institut Jules Bordet, Bruxelles, Belgium
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Targeting Wnt Signaling in Endometrial Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13102351. [PMID: 34068065 PMCID: PMC8152465 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13102351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Wnt has diverse regulatory roles at multiple cellular levels and numerous targeting points, and aberrant Wnt signaling has crucial roles in carcinogenesis, metastasis, cancer recurrence, and chemotherapy resistance; based on these facts, Wnt represents an appealing therapeutic target for cancer treatment. Although preclinical data supports a role for the Wnt signaling pathway in uterine carcinogenesis, this area remains understudied. In this review, we identify the functions of several oncogenes of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in tumorigenesis and address the translation approach with potent Wnt inhibitors that have already been established or are being investigated to target key components of the pathway. Further research is likely to expand the potential for both biomarker and cancer drug development. There is a scarcity of treatment choices for advanced and recurrent endometrial cancer; investigating the sophisticated connections of Wnt signaling networks in endometrial cancer could address the unmet need for new therapeutic targets. Abstract This review presents new findings on Wnt signaling in endometrial carcinoma and implications for possible future treatments. The Wnt proteins are essential mediators in cell signaling during vertebrate embryo development. Recent biochemical and genetic studies have provided significant insight into Wnt signaling, in particular in cell cycle regulation, inflammation, and cancer. The role of Wnt signaling is well established in gastrointestinal and breast cancers, but its function in gynecologic cancers, especially in endometrial cancers, has not been well elucidated. Development of a subset of endometrial carcinomas has been attributed to activation of the APC/β-catenin signaling pathway (due to β-catenin mutations) and downregulation of Wnt antagonists by epigenetic silencing. The Wnt pathway also appears to be linked to estrogen and progesterone, and new findings implicate it in mTOR and Hedgehog signaling. Therapeutic interference of Wnt signaling remains a significant challenge. Herein, we discuss the Wnt-activating mechanisms in endometrial cancer and review the current advances and challenges in drug discovery.
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18
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Xu Y, Xu Y, Wang C, Xia B, Mu Q, Luan S, Fan J. Mining TCGA database for gene expression in ovarian serous cystadenocarcinoma microenvironment. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11375. [PMID: 33987033 PMCID: PMC8103916 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ovarian cancer is one of the leading causes of female deaths worldwide. Ovarian serous cystadenocarcinoma occupies about 90% of it. Effective and accurate biomarkers for diagnosis, outcome prediction and personalized treatment are needed urgently Methods Gene expression profile for OSC patients was obtained from the TCGA database. The ESTIMATE algorithm was used to calculate immune scores and stromal scores of expression data of ovarian serous cystadenocarcinoma samples. Survival results between high and low groups of immune and stromal score were compared and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened out by limma package. The Gene Ontology (GO), the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis and the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis were performed with the g:Profiler database, the Cytoscape and Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes (STRING-DB). Survival results between high and low immune and stromal score groups were compared. Kaplan-Meier plots based on TCGA follow up information were generated to evaluate patients’ overall survival. Results Eighty-six upregulated DEGs and one downregulated DEG were identified. Three modules, which included 49 nodes were chosen as important networks. Seven DEGs (VSIG4, TGFBI, DCN, F13A1, ALOX5AP, GPX3, SFRP4) were considered to be correlated with poor overall survival. Conclusion Seven DEGs (VSIG4, TGFBI, DCN, F13A1, ALOX5AP, GPX3, SFRP4) were correlated with poor overall survival in our study. This new set of genes can become strong predictor of survival, individually or combined. Further investigation of these genes is needed to validate the conclusion to provide novel understanding of tumor microenvironment with ovarian serous cystadenocarcinoma prognosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youzheng Xu
- Department of Gynecology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Yixin Xu
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Chun Wang
- Department of Gynecology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Baoguo Xia
- Department of Gynecology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Qingling Mu
- Department of Gynecology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Shaohong Luan
- Department of Gynecology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Jun Fan
- Department of Gynecology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, China
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19
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Wu Q, Xu C, Zeng X, Zhang Z, Yang B, Rao Z. Tumor suppressor role of sFRP‑4 in hepatocellular carcinoma via the Wnt/β‑catenin signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2021; 23:336. [PMID: 33760186 PMCID: PMC7974405 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.11975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a malignant tumor located in the liver. Secreted frizzled-related protein 4 (sFRP-4) is associated with cancer occurrence, but the relationship between sFRP-4 and HCC is not completely understood. The present study aimed to investigate the role and mechanism underlying sFRP-4 in HCC. sFRP-4 mRNA expression levels were determined via reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and immunohistochemistry. The Cell Counting Kit-8 assay was performed to evaluate HCCLM3 and Huh7 cell viability. Moreover, HCCLM3 and Huh7 cell proliferation were assessed using the BrdU ELISA assay kit, and cell apoptosis was measured via flow cytometry. Western blotting was conducted to measure β-catenin and GSK-3β protein expression levels. The results demonstrated that sFRP-4 expression was significantly downregulated in HCC tissues and cells compared with adjacent healthy tissues and MIHA cells, respectively. Moreover, the results indicated that compared with the control group, sFRP-4 overexpression inhibited HCC cell viability and proliferation, and accelerated HCC cell apoptosis. Furthermore, the results suggested that sFRP-4 inhibited the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway by upregulating GSK-3β expression and downregulating β-catenin expression, thus restraining the malignant behavior of HCC cells. In conclusion, the present study indicated that sFRP-4 served a tumor suppressor role in HCC cells by restraining the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanxin Wu
- Cadre Ward Two, General Hospital of The Central Theater Command of The People's Liberation Army, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, P.R. China
| | - Cheng Xu
- Department of Oncology, General Hospital of The Central Theater Command of The People's Liberation Army, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, P.R. China
| | - Xianghua Zeng
- Department of Oncology, Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing 400021, P.R. China
| | - Zhimin Zhang
- Department of Oncology, General Hospital of The Central Theater Command of The People's Liberation Army, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, P.R. China
| | - Bo Yang
- Department of Oncology, General Hospital of The Central Theater Command of The People's Liberation Army, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, P.R. China
| | - Zhiguo Rao
- Department of Oncology, General Hospital of The Central Theater Command of The People's Liberation Army, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, P.R. China
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20
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Belur Nagaraj A, Knarr M, Sekhar S, Connor RS, Joseph P, Kovalenko O, Fleming A, Surti A, Nurmemmedov E, Beltrame L, Marchini S, Kahn M, DiFeo A. The miR-181a-SFRP4 Axis Regulates Wnt Activation to Drive Stemness and Platinum Resistance in Ovarian Cancer. Cancer Res 2021; 81:2044-2055. [PMID: 33574092 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-2041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Wnt signaling is a major driver of stemness and chemoresistance in ovarian cancer, yet the genetic drivers that stimulate its expression remain largely unknown. Unlike other cancers, mutations in the Wnt pathway are not reported in high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC). Hence, a key challenge that must be addressed to develop effective targeted therapies is to identify nonmutational drivers of Wnt activation. Using an miRNA sensor-based approach, we have identified miR-181a as a novel driver of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. miR-181ahigh primary HGSOC cells exhibited increased Wnt/β-catenin signaling, which was associated with increased stem-cell frequency and platinum resistance. Consistent with these findings, inhibition of β-catenin decreased stem-like properties in miR-181ahigh cell populations and downregulated miR-181a. The Wnt inhibitor SFRP4 was identified as a novel target of miR-181a. Overall, our results demonstrate that miR-181a is a nonmutational activator of Wnt signaling that drives stemness and chemoresistance in HGSOC, suggesting that the miR-181a-SFRP4 axis can be evaluated as a novel biomarker for β-catenin-targeted therapy in this disease. SIGNIFICANCE: These results demonstrate that miR-181a is an activator of Wnt signaling that drives stemness and chemoresistance in HGSOC and may be targeted therapeutically in recurrent disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthew Knarr
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Sreeja Sekhar
- Department of Pathology, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,The Rogel Cancer Center, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - R Shae Connor
- University of Tennessee, Erlanger Health System, Chattanooga, Tennessee
| | - Peronne Joseph
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Olga Kovalenko
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Alexis Fleming
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Arshia Surti
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Elmar Nurmemmedov
- John Wayne Cancer Institute at Providence St. John's Health, Santa Monica, California
| | - Luca Beltrame
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri," IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Sergio Marchini
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri," IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Michael Kahn
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California
| | - Analisa DiFeo
- Department of Pathology, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan. .,The Rogel Cancer Center, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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Zhang F, Cui JY, Gao HF, Yu H, Gao FF, Chen JL, Chen L. Cancer-associated fibroblasts induce epithelial-mesenchymal transition and cisplatin resistance in ovarian cancer via CXCL12/CXCR4 axis. Future Oncol 2020; 16:2619-2633. [PMID: 32804554 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2020-0095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are closely related to epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and chemoresistance in various cancers. Patients & methods: Experiments in vivo and retrospective studies were applied to explore the role of CAFs in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). Results: We found that CXCL12 expression was significantly increased in interstitial CAFs by immunofluorescence. CAF-derived CXCL12 induced EMT though CXCR4/Wnt/β-catenin pathway in EOC cells. Inhibited EMT led to increased apoptosis and cisplatin sensitivity. Multivariate regression analysis shows that CXCL12 expression in the stromal cells and cytoreduction satisfaction are independent prognostic markers of platinum-containing chemotherapy sensitivity in 296 EOC patients. Conclusion: CAFs may activate the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in EOC cells via CXCL12/CXCR4 axis, and then induce EMT and cisplatin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250021, PR China.,Department of Radiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250021, PR China
| | - Jian-Ying Cui
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Jiyang District People's Hospital of Jinan City, Jinan 251400, PR China
| | - Hai-Feng Gao
- Department of Oncology, Dongying People's Hospital, Dongying, Shandong 257091, PR China
| | - Hao Yu
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250117, PR China
| | - Fu-Feng Gao
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250117, PR China
| | - Jin-Long Chen
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250117, PR China
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250117, PR China
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22
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Secreted Frizzled-Related Protein 4 (SFRP4) Is an Independent Prognostic Marker in Prostate Cancers Lacking TMPRSS2: ERG Fusions. Pathol Oncol Res 2020; 26:2709-2722. [PMID: 32677026 PMCID: PMC7471174 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-020-00861-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Secreted frizzled-related protein 4 (SFRP4) controls WNT signaling and is thought to play a role for tumor aggressiveness. Here, we analyzed a tissue microarray containing 11,152 prostate cancers with pathological, clinical and molecular data by immunohistochemistry. SFRP4 expression was higher in cancer than in non-neoplastic acinar cells. SFRP4 staining was seen in 64.9% of tumors and classified as weak in 33.2%, moderate in 23.9% and strong in 7.8% of cancers. SFRP4 overexpression was linked to advanced tumor stage, high classical/quantitative Gleason grade (p < 0.0001 each), lymph node metastasis (p = 0.0002), and a positive surgical margin (p = 0.0017). SFRP4 positivity was markedly more frequent in ERG positive (77.4%) than in ERG negative cancers (57.4% p < 0.0001). Subset analyses in 2725 cancers with and 3592 cancers without TMPRSS2:ERG fusion revealed that associations with tumor phenotype and patient outcome were largely driven by the subset of ERG negative tumors. In a multivariate analysis including various postoperative and prognostic clinico-pathological features, SFRP4 protein expression emerged as an independent prognostic parameter in ERG negative cancers. SFRP4 immunostaining was significantly linked with 10 of 11 previously analyzed chromosomal deletions (p < 0.05 each). In conclusion, high SFRP4 immunostaining is associated with poor prognosis and genomic instability in ERG negative prostate cancers.
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23
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Antiepithelial-Mesenchymal Transition of Herbal Active Substance in Tumor Cells via Different Signaling. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:9253745. [PMID: 32377312 PMCID: PMC7183534 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9253745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a biological process through which epithelial cells differentiate into mesenchymal cells. EMT plays an important role in embryonic development and wound healing; however, EMT also contributes to some pathological processes, such as tumor metastasis and fibrosis. EMT mechanisms, including gene mutation and transcription factor regulation, are complicated and not yet well understood. In this review, we introduce some herbal active substances that exert antitumor activity through inhibiting EMT that is induced by hypoxia, high blood glucose level, lipopolysaccharide, or other factors.
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24
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Hu Z, Artibani M, Alsaadi A, Wietek N, Morotti M, Shi T, Zhong Z, Santana Gonzalez L, El-Sahhar S, Carrami EM, Mallett G, Feng Y, Masuda K, Zheng Y, Chong K, Damato S, Dhar S, Campo L, Garruto Campanile R, Soleymani Majd H, Rai V, Maldonado-Perez D, Jones S, Cerundolo V, Sauka-Spengler T, Yau C, Ahmed AA. The Repertoire of Serous Ovarian Cancer Non-genetic Heterogeneity Revealed by Single-Cell Sequencing of Normal Fallopian Tube Epithelial Cells. Cancer Cell 2020; 37:226-242.e7. [PMID: 32049047 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2020.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The inter-differentiation between cell states promotes cancer cell survival under stress and fosters non-genetic heterogeneity (NGH). NGH is, therefore, a surrogate of tumor resilience but its quantification is confounded by genetic heterogeneity. Here we show that NGH in serous ovarian cancer (SOC) can be accurately measured when informed by the molecular signatures of the normal fallopian tube epithelium (FTE) cells, the cells of origin of SOC. Surveying the transcriptomes of ∼6,000 FTE cells, predominantly from non-ovarian cancer patients, identified 6 FTE subtypes. We used subtype signatures to deconvolute SOC expression data and found substantial intra-tumor NGH. Importantly, NGH-based stratification of ∼1,700 tumors robustly correlated with survival. Our findings lay the foundation for accurate prognostic and therapeutic stratification of SOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Hu
- Ovarian Cancer Cell Laboratory, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK; Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK; Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Mara Artibani
- Ovarian Cancer Cell Laboratory, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK; Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK; Gene Regulatory Networks in Development and Disease Laboratory, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Abdulkhaliq Alsaadi
- Ovarian Cancer Cell Laboratory, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK; Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Nina Wietek
- Ovarian Cancer Cell Laboratory, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK; Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK; Department of Gynecological Oncology, Churchill Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Matteo Morotti
- Ovarian Cancer Cell Laboratory, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK; Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK; Department of Gynecological Oncology, Churchill Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Tingyan Shi
- Ovarian Cancer Cell Laboratory, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK; Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Zhe Zhong
- Ovarian Cancer Cell Laboratory, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK; Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Laura Santana Gonzalez
- Ovarian Cancer Cell Laboratory, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK; Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Salma El-Sahhar
- Ovarian Cancer Cell Laboratory, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK; Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Eli M Carrami
- Ovarian Cancer Cell Laboratory, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK; Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Garry Mallett
- Ovarian Cancer Cell Laboratory, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK; Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Yun Feng
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Kenta Masuda
- Ovarian Cancer Cell Laboratory, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK; Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Yiyan Zheng
- Ovarian Cancer Cell Laboratory, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK; Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Kay Chong
- Ovarian Cancer Cell Laboratory, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK; Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Stephen Damato
- Department of Histopathology, Oxford University Hospitals, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Sunanda Dhar
- Department of Histopathology, Oxford University Hospitals, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Leticia Campo
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Riccardo Garruto Campanile
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Churchill Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Hooman Soleymani Majd
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Churchill Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Vikram Rai
- Department of Gynaecology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - David Maldonado-Perez
- Oxford Radcliffe Biobank, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK; NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Second Floor, Unipart House Business Centre, Oxford OX4 2PG, UK
| | - Stephanie Jones
- Oxford Radcliffe Biobank, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Vincenzo Cerundolo
- Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Tatjana Sauka-Spengler
- Gene Regulatory Networks in Development and Disease Laboratory, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Christopher Yau
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK; Centre for Computational Biology, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; Division of Informatics, Imaging and Data Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK; Alan Turing Institute, London NW1 2DB, UK.
| | - Ahmed Ashour Ahmed
- Ovarian Cancer Cell Laboratory, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK; Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK; Department of Gynecological Oncology, Churchill Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK.
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25
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Nguyen VHL, Hough R, Bernaudo S, Peng C. Wnt/β-catenin signalling in ovarian cancer: Insights into its hyperactivation and function in tumorigenesis. J Ovarian Res 2019; 12:122. [PMID: 31829231 PMCID: PMC6905042 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-019-0596-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the deadliest female malignancy. The Wnt/β-catenin pathway plays critical roles in regulating embryonic development and physiological processes. This pathway is tightly regulated to ensure its proper activity. In the absence of Wnt ligands, β-catenin is degraded by a destruction complex. When the pathway is stimulated by a Wnt ligand, β-catenin dissociates from the destruction complex and translocates into the nucleus where it interacts with TCF/LEF transcription factors to regulate target gene expression. Aberrant activation of this pathway, which leads to the hyperactivity of β-catenin, has been reported in ovarian cancer. Specifically, mutations of CTNNB1, AXIN, or APC, have been observed in the endometrioid and mucinous subtypes of EOC. In addition, upregulation of the ligands, abnormal activation of the receptors or intracellular mediators, disruption of the β-catenin destruction complex, inhibition of the association of β-catenin/E-cadherin on the cell membrane, and aberrant promotion of the β-catenin/TCF transcriptional activity, have all been reported in EOC, especially in the high grade serous subtype. Furthermore, several non-coding RNAs have been shown to regulate EOC development, in part, through the modulation of Wnt/β-catenin signalling. The Wnt/β-catenin pathway has been reported to promote cancer stem cell self-renewal, metastasis, and chemoresistance in all subtypes of EOC. Emerging evidence also suggests that the pathway induces ovarian tumor angiogenesis and immune evasion. Taken together, these studies demonstrate that the Wnt/β-catenin pathway plays critical roles in EOC development and is a strong candidate for the development of targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rebecca Hough
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Chun Peng
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. .,Centre for Research on Biomolecular Interactions, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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26
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Nfonsam LE, Jandova J, Jecius HC, Omesiete PN, Nfonsam VN. SFRP4 expression correlates with epithelial mesenchymal transition-linked genes and poor overall survival in colon cancer patients. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2019; 11:589-598. [PMID: 31435461 PMCID: PMC6700031 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v11.i8.589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colon cancer is among the most commonly diagnosed cancers in the United States with an estimated 97220 new cases expected by the end of 2018. It affects 1.2 million people around the world and is responsible for about 0.6 million deaths every year. Despite decline in overall incidence and mortality over the past 30 years, there continues to be an alarming rise in early-onset colon cancer cases (< 50 years). Patients are often diagnosed at late stages of the disease and tend to have poor survival. We previously showed that the WNT “gatekeeper” gene, secreted frizzled-related protein 4 (SFRP4), is over-expressed in early-onset colon cancer. SFRP4 is speculated to play an essential role in cancer by inhibiting the epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT).
AIM To investigate the correlation between SFRP4 expression and EMT-linked genes in colon cancer and how it affects patient survival.
METHODS SFRP4 expression relative to that of EMT-linked genes and survival analysis were performed using the University of California Santa Cruz Cancer Browser interface.
RESULTS SFRP4 was found to be co-expressed with the EMT-linked markers CDH2, FN1, VIM, TWIST1, TWIST2, SNAI1, SNAI2, ZEB1, ZEB2, POSTN, MMP2, MMP7, MMP9, and COL1A1. SFRP4 expression negatively correlated with the EMT-linked suppressors CLDN4, CLDN7, TJP3, MUC1, and CDH1. The expression of SFRP4 and the EMT-linked markers was higher in mesenchymal-like samples compared to epithelial-like samples which potentially implicates SFRP4-EMT mechanism in colon cancer. Additionally, patients overexpressing SFRP4 presented with poor overall survival (P = 0.0293).
CONCLUSION Considering the implication of SFRP4 in early-onset colon cancer, particularly in the context of EMT, tumor metastasis, and invasion, and the effect of increased expression on colon cancer patient survival, SFRP4 might be a potential biomarker for early-onset colon cancer that could be targeted for diagnosis and/or disease therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Landry E Nfonsam
- Department of Genetics, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Jana Jandova
- Department of Surgery, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, United States
| | - Hunter C Jecius
- Department of Surgery, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, United States
| | - Pamela N Omesiete
- Department of Surgery, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, United States
| | - Valentine N Nfonsam
- Department of Surgery, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, United States
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27
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Moore KN, Gunderson CC, Sabbatini P, McMeekin DS, Mantia-Smaldone G, Burger RA, Morgan MA, Kapoun AM, Brachmann RK, Stagg R, Farooki A, O'Cearbhaill RE. A phase 1b dose escalation study of ipafricept (OMP54F28) in combination with paclitaxel and carboplatin in patients with recurrent platinum-sensitive ovarian cancer. Gynecol Oncol 2019; 154:294-301. [PMID: 31174889 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2019.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The WNT pathway is an important oncologic driver of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). The first-in-class recombinant fusion protein ipafricept (IPA) blocks Wnt signaling through binding of Wnt ligands. This phase Ib trial was designed to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and recommended phase 2 dose (RPh2) for IPA in combination with taxane and platinum therapy (C/P). METHODS Dose escalation started with a standard 3 + 3 design for IPA/C/P with q3w intravenous IPA on Day 1, in cycles 1 to 6 with C (AUC = 5 mg/ml·min) and P (175 mg/m2). For enhanced bone safety the trial was revised to 6-patient cohorts with a q3w regimen of IPA on Day 1 and C/P on Day 3 (IPA → C/P). RESULTS 37 patients have been treated; 30 of whom were treated following protocol revision to q3w IPA(D1) → C/P(D3) (2 & 4 mg/kg). IPA-related TEAEs that occurred in ≥15% included: fatigue (40%); nausea (35%); diarrhea and decreased appetite (22%) each; dysgeusia (19%); and vomiting (16.2%). 22% reported ≥1 IPA related TEAE Grade ≥3 the most common of which was neutropenia at 16%. There were no DLTs; the MTD was not reached. The maximum administered dose based on bone safety was 6 mg/kg. The overall response rate (ORR) was 75.7%. Median PFS was 10.3 months (95% CI 8.5-14.2) and OS 33 months (95% CI 23.4-NR). CONCLUSIONS IPA is well tolerated in combination with sequential C/P. ORR, PFS and OS are comparable to historical data but bone toxicity at efficacy doses of this particular Wnt inhibitor limit further development in EOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen N Moore
- Stephenson Cancer Center at the University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK 800 NE 10th Street, OKC, OK 73104, United States of America.
| | - Camille C Gunderson
- Stephenson Cancer Center at the University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK 800 NE 10th Street, OKC, OK 73104, United States of America
| | - Paul Sabbatini
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center New York, NY and Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States of America.
| | - D Scott McMeekin
- Stephenson Cancer Center at the University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK 800 NE 10th Street, OKC, OK 73104, United States of America
| | | | - Robert A Burger
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America.
| | - Mark A Morgan
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America.
| | - Ann M Kapoun
- OncoMed Pharmaceuticals Inc., Redwood City, CA, United States of America.
| | | | - Robert Stagg
- OncoMed Pharmaceuticals Inc., Redwood City, CA, United States of America.
| | - Azeez Farooki
- OncoMed Pharmaceuticals Inc., Redwood City, CA, United States of America.
| | - Roisin E O'Cearbhaill
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center New York, NY and Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States of America.
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28
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Guo H, Xing Y, Deng F, Yang K, Li Y. Secreted Frizzled-related protein 4 inhibits the regeneration of hair follicles. PeerJ 2019; 6:e6153. [PMID: 30631645 PMCID: PMC6322481 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Secreted Frizzled-related Protein 4 (sFRP4) belongs to Wnt inhibitors. Previously, we reported that sFRP4 inhibited the differentiation of melanocyte. Here, by using of immunostaining, we showed that sFRP4 is expressed in both human and mouse hair follicles, especially in the outer root sheath and inner root sheath. To reveal the role of sFRP4 in hair follicle growth and hair cycle, we induced synchronized hair cycle in the dorsal skin of mice by depilation, and injected sFRP4 intradermally into the skin. By hematoxylin and eosin staining, we found that the regeneration of hair follicles was inhibited by sFRP4. However, the structure of hair follicles remained complete. Compared with phosphate buffer saline-treated hair follicles, the sFRP4-treated hair follicles still had the same expression pattern of keratins. Our findings reveal that sFRP4 inhibits but not blocks the regeneration of hair follicles, and supply a potential therapeutic application to treat hair follicle regeneration disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiying Guo
- Department of Cell Biology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yizhan Xing
- Department of Cell Biology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fang Deng
- Department of Cell Biology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ke Yang
- Chongqing Stem Cell Therapy Engineering Technical Center, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuhong Li
- Department of Cell Biology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
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29
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Jin SH, Kim H, Gu DR, Park KH, Lee YR, Choi Y, Lee SH. Actin-binding LIM protein 1 regulates receptor activator of NF-κB ligand-mediated osteoclast differentiation and motility. BMB Rep 2018; 51:356-361. [PMID: 29921413 PMCID: PMC6089868 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2018.51.7.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Actin-binding LIM protein 1 (ABLIM1), a member of the LIM-domain protein family, mediates interactions between actin filaments and cytoplasmic targets. However, the role of ABLIM1 in osteoclast and bone metabolism has not been reported. In the present study, we investigated the role of ABLIM1 in the receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL)-mediated osteoclastogenesis. ABLIM1 expression was induced by RANKL treatment and knockdown of ABLIM1 by retrovirus infection containing Ablim1-specific short hairpin RNA (shAblim1) decreased mature osteoclast formation and bone resorption activity in a RANKL-dose dependent manner. Coincident with the downregulated expression of osteoclast differentiation marker genes, the expression levels of c-Fos and the nuclear factor of activated T-cells cytoplasmic 1 (NFATc1), critical transcription factors of osteoclastogenesis, were also decreased in shAblim1-infected osteoclasts during RANKL-mediated osteoclast differentiation. In addition, the motility of preosteoclast was reduced by ABLIM1 knockdown via modulation of the phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/Rac1 signaling pathway, suggesting another regulatory mechanism of ABLIM1 in osteoclast formation. These data demonstrated that ABLIM1 is a positive regulator of RANKL-mediated osteoclast formation via the modulation of the differentiation and PI3K/Akt/Rac1-dependent motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Hyun Jin
- Center for Metabolic Function Regulation (CMFR), Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan 54538, Korea
| | - Hyunsoo Kim
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Dong Ryun Gu
- Center for Metabolic Function Regulation (CMFR), Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan 54538, Korea; Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Korea
| | - Keun Ha Park
- Center for Metabolic Function Regulation (CMFR), Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan 54538, Korea; Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Korea
| | - Young Rae Lee
- Center for Metabolic Function Regulation (CMFR), Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan 54538, Korea; Department of Oral Biochemistry, and Institute of BiomaterialsㆍImplant, College of Dentistry, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Korea
| | - Yongwon Choi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Seoung Hoon Lee
- Center for Metabolic Function Regulation (CMFR), Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan 54538, Korea; Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Korea; Institute of BiomaterialsㆍImplant, College of Dentistry, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Korea
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30
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Gao S, Hu J, Wu X, Liang Z. PMA treated THP-1-derived-IL-6 promotes EMT of SW48 through STAT3/ERK-dependent activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 108:618-624. [PMID: 30243096 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.09.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2018] [Revised: 09/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Colon cancer is one of the most common digestive malignant tumors that leads to high mortality worldwide, and metastasis is the primary cause of cancer-related death. It is well accepted that the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays a key role in the process of metastasis. As a cytokine that macrophage secretes, IL-6 is involved in the progression of tumors, including the invasion and metastasis via kinds of signaling pathways. However, the mechanism of interactions between IL-6, macrophage, EMT and colon cancer is not fully understood. Increased CD68+ macrophages and IL-6 level were found in colon tumor as compared to normal colon tissue. Metastatic lymph node showed even more CD68+ macrophages and higher IL-6 level than the primary tumor. These results suggested that macrophages and IL-6 play an important role in EMT of colon cancer. In order to investigate the effect of macrophage and IL-6 on EMT of colon cancer, we cultured human colon carcinoma cell line SW48 with conditioned medium (CM) from PMA-stimulated monocyte THP-1 cells and tested for IL-6 dependent EMT pathways. Wound healing assay and Transwell assay were used to analyze cell migration and invasion. Results showed that CM-treated SW48 cells increased IL-6 production and displayed elevated capacity of migration and invasion compared to untreated cells. Increased expressions of EMT markers (N-cadherin, Vimentin and β-catenin) and decreased expression of EMT marker(E-cadherin) were found in CM-treated SW48 cells by Western Blot. The addition of an anti-IL-6 antibody significantly inhibited the increase of EMT markers (Vimentin and β-catenin) as well as cell migration and invasion, suggesting that IL-6 played a critical role in promoting EMT of CM-treated SW48 cells. In addition, we found that the levels of p-STAT3 and p-ERK increased in CM-treated SW48 compared to untreated cells, which can be reversed by AG490, an inhibitor of JAK. In the meantime, the suppression of JAK-associated signaling pathways caused a decrease of β-catenin. In summary, our study suggested that macrophage-induced IL-6 promotes migration and invasion of colon cancer cell via Wnt/β-catenin pathway in STAT3/ERK-dependent way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sikang Gao
- Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Junwu Hu
- Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xiongwen Wu
- Department of Immunology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Zhihui Liang
- Department of Immunology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
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Label-Free Quantitative Proteomics Combined with Biological Validation Reveals Activation of Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway Contributing to Trastuzumab Resistance in Gastric Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19071981. [PMID: 29986466 PMCID: PMC6073113 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19071981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance to trastuzumab, which specifically target HER2-positive breast and gastric cancer, can develop ultimately in cancer patients. However, the underlying mechanisms of resistance in gastric cancer have not been fully elucidated. Here, we established trastuzumab-resistant MKN45 and NCI N87 gastric cancer sublines from their parental cells. The resistant cells exhibited characteristics of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and acquired higher migratory and invasive capacities. To exploit the activated pathways and develop new strategies to overcome trastuzumab resistance, we investigated MKN45 and MKN45/R cells via label-free quantitative proteomics, and found pathways that were altered significantly in MKN45/R cells, with the Wnt/β-catenin pathway being the most significant. We further confirmed the activation of this pathway by detecting its key molecules in MKN45/R and NCI N87/R cells via Western blot, in which Wnt3A, FZD6, and CTNNB1 increased, whereas GSK-3β decreased, manifesting the activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Correspondingly, inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin pathway by ICG-001, a specific Wnt/β-catenin inhibitor, preferentially reduced proliferation and invasion of trastuzumab-resistant cells and reversed EMT. Concurringly, CTNNB1 knockdown in stable cell lines potently sensitized cells to trastuzumab and induced more apoptosis. Taken together, our study demonstrates that the Wnt/β-catenin pathway mediates trastuzumab resistance, and the combination of Wnt/β-catenin inhibitors with trastuzumab may be an effective treatment option.
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32
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Yang X, Zhang L, Xie L. Upregulation of KIF26B, Cell Migration and Proliferation of Human Ovarian Cancer Cell Lines In Vitro, and Patient Outcomes from Human Bioinformatic Analysis. Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:3863-3872. [PMID: 29880787 PMCID: PMC6022783 DOI: 10.12659/msm.907889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to assess the expression profile of the KIF26B gene, its effects on ovarian cancer cell behavior in vitro, the clinical prognostic value of expression of the KIF26B gene and associated signaling pathways, from bioinformatics data analysis. Material/Methods The Cancer Genome Atlas-Ovarian Cancer (TCGA-OV) database and the online Kaplan-Meier plotter for ovarian cancer were analyzed. Human ovarian cancer cell lines A2780 and SKOV3 were used to study the in vitro effects of KIF26B gene expression on cell proliferation and cell invasion. Genes that interacted with, co-localized to, and were co-expressed with the KIF26B gene (Pearson’s r ≥0.6) were identified and underwent Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis. Results Increased expression of the KIF26B gene increased the proliferation and migration of A2780 and SKOV3 cells in vitro. KIF26B protein expression was upregulated in ovarian cancer tissue and was associated with lymphatic and venous invasion. TCGA-OV data analysis showed that increased expression of the KIF26B gene was significantly associated with reduced 3-year, 5-year, and 10-year overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and post-progression survival (PPS). The genes that interacted with, co-localized to, and were co-expressed with KIF26B were enriched in several KEGG pathways; upregulation of the KIF26B gene was associated with TGF-β signaling pathway. Conclusions Upregulation of KIF26B enhanced proliferation and migration of ovarian cancer cells in vitro. Bioinformatics analysis supported the association between increased expression of the KIF26B gene and reduced clinical outcome in patients with ovarian carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingshuang Yang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Linyi Central Hospital, Linyi, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Lan Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, Taian City Central Hospital, Taian, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Lei Xie
- Department of Gynecology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China (mainland)
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Visweswaran M, Keane KN, Arfuso F, Dilley RJ, Newsholme P, Dharmarajan A. The Influence of Breast Tumour-Derived Factors and Wnt Antagonism on the Transformation of Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells into Tumour-Associated Fibroblasts. CANCER MICROENVIRONMENT 2018; 11:71-84. [PMID: 29637435 DOI: 10.1007/s12307-018-0210-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Within the tumour stroma, a heterogeneous population of cell types reciprocally regulates cell proliferation, which considerably affects the progression of the disease. In this study, using tumour conditioned medium (TCM) derived from breast tumour cell lines - MCF7 and MDA MB 231, we have demonstrated the differentiation of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) into tumour-associated fibroblasts (TAFs). Since the Wnt signalling pathway is a key signalling pathway driving breast tumour growth, the effect of the Wnt antagonist secreted frizzled-related protein 4 (sFRP4) was also examined. The response of ADSCs to TCM and sFRP4 treatments was determined by using cell viability assay to determine the changes in ADSC viability, immunofluorescence for mesenchymal markers, glucose uptake assay, and glycolysis stress test using the Seahorse Extracellular Flux analyser to determine the glycolytic activity of ADSCs. ADSCs have been shown to acquire a hyper-proliferative state, significantly increasing their number upon short-term and long-term exposure to TCM. Changes have also been observed in the expression of key mesenchymal markers as well as in the metabolic state of ADSCs. SFRP4 significantly inhibited the differentiation of ADSCs into TAFs by reducing cell growth as well as mesenchymal marker expression (cell line-dependent). However, sFRP4 did not induce further significant changes to the altered metabolic phenotype of ADSCs following TCM exposure. Altogether, this study suggests that the breast tumour milieu may transform ADSCs into a tumour-supportive phenotype, which can be altered by Wnt antagonism, but is independent of metabolic changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malini Visweswaran
- Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA, 6102, Australia
| | - Kevin N Keane
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Frank Arfuso
- Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA, 6102, Australia
| | - Rodney J Dilley
- Ear Sciences Centre, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Philip Newsholme
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Arun Dharmarajan
- Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA, 6102, Australia.
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Kwon M, Kim JH, Rybak Y, Luna A, Choi CH, Chung JY, Hewitt SM, Adem A, Tubridy E, Lin J, Libutti SK. Reduced expression of FILIP1L, a novel WNT pathway inhibitor, is associated with poor survival, progression and chemoresistance in ovarian cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 7:77052-77070. [PMID: 27776341 PMCID: PMC5340232 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Filamin A interacting protein 1-like (FILIP1L) is an inhibitor of the canonical WNT pathway. WNT/β-catenin signaling and its downstream pathway, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), play a key role in ovarian cancer metastasis and chemoresistance. To study the clinical implications of FILIP1L in regulating the WNT/β-catenin pathway, the expression of FILIP1L, β-catenin, SNAIL and SLUG was analyzed by immunohistochemistry on tissue microarrays of 369 ovarian samples ranging from normal to metastatic. In addition, the results were validated in mouse model and in vitro cell culture. In the present study, we demonstrated that FILIP1L expression was inversely correlated with poor prognosis, stage and chemoresistance in ovarian cancer. Notably, low FILIP1L expression was independent negative prognostic factor with respect to overall and disease-free survival. FILIP1L inhibited peritoneal metastases in orthotopic mouse model. FILIP1L knockdown induced chemoresistance in ovarian cancer cells and this phenotype was rescued by simultaneous knockdown of FILIP1L and SLUG, an EMT activator. We also demonstrated that FILIP1L regulates β-catenin degradation. FILIP1L co-localizes with phospho-β-catenin and increases phospho-β-catenin at the centrosomes, destined for proteosomal degradation. Finally, we showed that FILIP1L regulates EMT. Overall, these findings suggest that FILIP1L promotes β-catenin degradation and suppresses EMT, thereby inhibiting metastases and chemoresistance. Our study provides the first clinical relevance of FILIP1L in human cancer, and suggests that FILIP1L may be a novel prognostic marker for chemotherapy in ovarian cancer patients. Further, the modulation of FILIP1L expression may have the potential to be a target for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mijung Kwon
- Department of Surgery, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Jae-Hoon Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 135-720, Korea.,Institute of Women's Life Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 135-720, Korea
| | - Yevangelina Rybak
- Department of Surgery, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Alex Luna
- Department of Surgery, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Chel Hun Choi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 135-710, Korea.,Experimental Pathology Laboratory, Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Joon-Yong Chung
- Experimental Pathology Laboratory, Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Stephen M Hewitt
- Experimental Pathology Laboratory, Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Asha Adem
- Department of Surgery, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Elizabeth Tubridy
- Department of Surgery, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Juan Lin
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Steven K Libutti
- Department of Surgery, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
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Hong B, Zhang J, Yang W. Activation of the LKB1‑SIK1 signaling pathway inhibits the TGF‑β‑mediated epithelial‑mesenchymal transition and apoptosis resistance of ovarian carcinoma cells. Mol Med Rep 2018; 17:2837-2844. [PMID: 29257268 PMCID: PMC5783501 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.8229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the most common and lethal type of gynecological malignancy, due to its invasiveness. The present study aimed to analyze the molecular mechanism underlying chemoresistance in ovarian carcinoma cells, which may lead to local migration toward adjacent tissues and long‑distance metastasis to other organs. A total of 12 patients with ovarian fibroma were used to evaluate chemoresistance and chemosensitivity. The sensitivity and resistance of ovarian carcinoma cells was measured using apoptosis analysis, morphological observation, survival rate analysis, immunohistochemistry and immunostaining. The mechanism underlying the interaction between the epithelial‑mesenchymal transition (EMT) and liver kinase B1 (LKB1)‑salt‑inducible kinase 1 (SIK1) signaling pathways was additionally investigated in ovarian carcinoma. The results of the present study demonstrated that ovarian carcinoma cells isolated from patients exhibited apoptosis resistance. Inhibition of TGF‑β expression led to an inhibition of growth, migration and invasion, in addition to a promotion of apoptosis, in ovarian carcinoma cells treated with paclitaxel. Studies have indicated that the LKB1‑SIK1 signaling pathway may be suppressed in ovarian carcinoma cells compared with normal ovarian cells, leading to activation of the EMT signaling pathway. The results of the present study demonstrated that upregulation of LKB1 promoted SIK1 expression and markedly suppressed the growth and aggressiveness of ovarian cancer cells. Upregulation of LKB1 additionally promoted apoptosis in ovarian carcinoma cells. In addition, the results of the present study demonstrated that the knockdown of LKB1 further promoted the expression of transforming growth factor‑β and EMT, which downregulated the chemosensitivity of ovarian carcinoma cells. Additionally, overexpression of LKB1 in ovarian carcinoma cells increased chemosensitivity, resulting in a significant inhibition of migration and invasion. The present findings indicated that the enhancement of LKB1‑SIK1 suppressed the growth and aggressiveness of ovarian carcinoma cells isolated from clinical patients, which subsequently contributed to an inhibition of metastatic potential. In conclusion, targeting the LKB1‑SIK1 signaling pathway to inhibit EMT may provide potential therapeutic benefits in ovarian carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Hong
- Department of Gynecology, Haidian Maternal and Child Healthcare Center, Beijing 320010, P.R. China
| | - Jianmei Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, Haidian Maternal and Child Healthcare Center, Beijing 320010, P.R. China
| | - Wenlan Yang
- Department of Gynecology, Haidian Maternal and Child Healthcare Center, Beijing 320010, P.R. China
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Secreted frizzled related protein 4 (sFRP4) update: A brief review. Cell Signal 2018; 45:63-70. [PMID: 29360572 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2018.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Secreted frizzled-related proteins control a multitude of biological phenomena throughout development and adult life in humans. In parallel, aberrant gene expression and abnormal secreted protein levels accompany a wide range of pathologies in humans. In this review, we provide a brief introduction to sFRP4, an update of the pathways it's involved, its various physiological actions that are reported to contribute to diseases, outlining the importance of its wider research and specific modulation by pharmacologic interventions. First recognized as a novel molecule that co-purified with a disparate protein, its identity was based on its sequence homology to the frizzled receptors. Once multiple members of the family were cloned, their genetic loci, tissue and subcellular distributions were located. Nucleotide and amino acid sequences were characterized and homology to different organisms was found to be present that helped elucidate their actions. Following subsequent experimental studies, they were found to be secreted proteins with an affinity to bind to the Wnt ligands, participating in different developmental and adult homeostatic pathways by the virtue of their regulatory function to the Wnt signal transduction system. Secreted frizzled related protein 4 has garnered considerable attention in the recent years following breakthrough discoveries implicating them in the pathogenesis of various diseases. Studies investigating them can provide information not only regarding their association with a disease but can also help use them as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
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37
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Ma P, Ni K, Ke J, Zhang W, Feng Y, Mao Q. miR-448 inhibits the epithelial-mesenchymal transition in breast cancer cells by directly targeting the E-cadherin repressor ZEB1/2. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2018; 243:473-480. [PMID: 29368542 DOI: 10.1177/1535370218754848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, accumulating evidence provides that dysregulation of microRNAs (miRNAs) is considered to play vital roles in tumor progression. Based on microRNA arrays, we found that microRNA-448 (miR-448) was significantly downregulated in breast cancer tissue specimens. In our study, we were in an effort to clarify the function, the direct target gene, and the molecular mechanisms of miR-448 in breast cancer. By quantitative RT-PCR, we analyzed the expression of miR-448 in 16 patients with BC. Overexpression of miR-448 was established by transfecting miR-448-mimics into MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells, methyl thiazolyl- tetrazolium and colony formation assays were performed to evaluate its effects on cell proliferation. We also performed cell migration and invasion assays in breast cells overexpressing miRNA-448. All the results indicated that overexpression of miR-448 in breast cancer cells markedly suppressed cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Through the quantitative RT-PCR and Western Blots, we also evaluated epithelial-mesenchymal transition. We found that overexpression of miR-448 also downregulated the expression of vimentin, a well-known mesenchymal marker. Meanwhile, the epithelial marker E-cadherin was unregulated, suggesting that miR-448 inhibited epithelial-mesenchymal transition . Bioinformatics assay coupled with Western Blot and luciferase assays revealed that miR-448 directly binds to the 3'UTR of E-cadherin repressor ZEB1/2, resulting in suppression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition in breast cancer cells. Impact statement In our study, we revealed that miR-448 played a vital role in breast cancer development and we also uncovered the mechanisms of it. Following is the short description of the main findings: miR-448 is downregulated in BC. miR-448 regulates cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in BC. miR-448 specifically regulates ZEB1/2 through binding to the 3'UTR in BC cells. miR-448 inhibits cell migration, invasion, and EMT by targeting to the 3'UTR of ZEB1/2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Ma
- Department of General Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Kan Ni
- Department of General Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Jing Ke
- Department of General Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Wenyi Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Ying Feng
- Department of General Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Qinsheng Mao
- Department of General Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
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Shetty R, Vunnava KP, Dhamodaran K, Matalia H, Murali S, Jayadev C, Murugeswari P, Ghosh A, Das D. Characterization of Corneal Epithelial Cells in Keratoconus. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2018; 8:2. [PMID: 30627477 PMCID: PMC6322712 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.8.1.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose We studied the cellular characteristics of epithelial cells in the cone and extraconal periphery of corneas in keratoconus eyes. Methods This prospective observational study was conducted at Narayana Nethralaya Eye Institute. A total of 83 and 42 eyes with keratoconus and normal topography, respectively, were included in the study. Corneal epithelial cells were collected and analyzed for apoptosis, proliferation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and differentiation status using molecular and biochemical tools. Statistical analysis was performed using the Student's t-test. Results Corneal epithelial cells from the cone showed significantly higher expression of proapoptotic marker BAX (P < 0.005) compared to controls. Significantly elevated expression of cell cycle markers CYCLIN D1 (P < 0.005) and Ki67 (P < 0.005) were noted in the extraconal region compared to controls. Cells of the cone showed significantly higher ZO-1 (P < 0.005) and lower vimentin (P < 0.005) compared to controls. Significantly lower expression of the differentiation marker CK3/12 (P < 0.05) was observed in cones compared to controls. Conclusions Cones of keratoconic corneas show enhanced cell death, poor differentiation, proliferation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. The cellular changes of the corneal epithelial cells in the cone and extraconal region differ significantly in a keratoconus corneas. Translational Relevance Characterization of patient-specific corneal epithelial cellular status in keratoconus has the potential to determine the optimal treatment and therapeutic outcomes paving the way towards personalized treatment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Shetty
- Department of Cornea and Refractive Surgery, Narayana Nethralaya Eye Institute, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Krishna Poojita Vunnava
- Department of Cornea and Refractive Surgery, Narayana Nethralaya Eye Institute, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Kamesh Dhamodaran
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory, GROW Laboratory, Narayana Nethralaya Foundation, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.,Current address: Department of Basic Sciences, The Ocular Surface Institute, College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Himanshu Matalia
- Department of Cornea and Refractive Surgery, Narayana Nethralaya Eye Institute, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Subramani Murali
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory, GROW Laboratory, Narayana Nethralaya Foundation, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Chaitra Jayadev
- Department of Vitreo-Retinal Services, Narayana Nethralaya Eye Institute, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Ponnulagu Murugeswari
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory, GROW Laboratory, Narayana Nethralaya Foundation, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Arkasubhra Ghosh
- GROW Laboratory, Narayana Nethralaya Foundation, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Debashish Das
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory, GROW Laboratory, Narayana Nethralaya Foundation, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
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Wang B, Liu M, Zhuang R, Jiang J, Gao J, Wang H, Chen H, Zhang Z, Kuang Y, Li P. Long non-coding RNA CCAT2 promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition involving Wnt/β-catenin pathway in epithelial ovarian carcinoma cells. Oncol Lett 2017; 15:3369-3375. [PMID: 29435081 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNA colon cancer-associated transcript 2 (CCAT2) is dysregulated in a variety of types of human cancer. However, the role of CCAT2 in epithelial ovarian carcinoma (EOC) remains largely unknown. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of CCAT2 on epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and related molecular mechanisms in epithelial ovarian cancer cells. In the current paper, we found that CCAT2 was significantly upregulated in EOC SKOV3, A2780 and HO8910 cell lines compared with the normal ovarian epithelial HUM-CELL-0088 cell line. Functional assays demonstrated that the knockdown of CCAT2 inhibited migration and invasion of EOC cells in vitro. Moreover, our results showed that silencing CCAT2 inhibited EMT by the upregulation of epithelial cadherin and downregulation of neural cadherin, zinc finger protein SNAI and Twist-related protein 1 in SKOV3 and A2780 cell lines. But, that was reversed by the treatment with lithium chloride (LiCl), by which the canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway could be activated. In addition, we further investigated the role of CCAT2 in the modulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Our results revealed that knockdown of CCAT2 inhibited the expression of β-catenin and the activity of T-cell factor/lymphoid enhancer factor, acting as a key transcription factor of Wnt signaling pathway. Collectively, these results indicate that CCAT2 may promote EMT, at least partly through Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in EOC cells. Thus, CCAT2 might play a critical role in EOC progression and serve as a valuable target for the treatment of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beidi Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Meimei Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Rujin Zhuang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Jing Jiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Jiayin Gao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - He Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Zongfeng Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Ye Kuang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Peiling Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
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Wang BD, Jiang J, Liu MM, Zhuang RJ, Wang H, Li PL. Silencing CCAT2 inhibited proliferation and invasion of epithelial ovarian carcinoma cells by regulating Wnt signaling pathway. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2017; 10:11771-11778. [PMID: 31966540 PMCID: PMC6966034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Long non-coding RNA CCAT2 (colon cancer-associated transcript 2) is dysregulated in varieties of human tumors. However, the role of CCAT2 in epithelial ovarian carcinoma (EOC) is not yet known clearly. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of CCAT2 on proliferation and invasion of EOC cells and the potential mechanisms by which CCAT2 functions. In the present paper, we found that knockdown of CCAT2 impaired cell proliferation and invasion in vitro. Furthermore, we also studied the role of CCAT2 in the modulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Our results showed that knockdown of CCAT2 inhibited the expression of β-catenin and the activity of TCF/LEF (T-cell factor/lymphoid enhancer factor) acting as a key transcription factor of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. In addition, we found that silencing CCAT2 down-regulated the expression of c-MYC and MMP-7. But, that was reversed by the treatment with LiCl (lithium chloride) which could activate canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Taken together, these results indicate that CCAT2 may promote ovarian cancer progression, at least partly, through Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Thus, CCAT2 might represent a novel therapeutic target for ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei-Di Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Jiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei-Mei Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Ru-Jin Zhuang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Pei-Ling Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
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41
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Singla H, Ludhiadch A, Kaur RP, Chander H, Kumar V, Munshi A. Recent advances in HER2 positive breast cancer epigenetics: Susceptibility and therapeutic strategies. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 142:316-327. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.07.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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42
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Aberrantly activated Cox-2 and Wnt signaling interact to maintain cancer stem cells in glioblastoma. Oncotarget 2017; 8:82217-82230. [PMID: 29137258 PMCID: PMC5669884 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma recurrence after aggressive therapy typically occurs within six months, and patients inevitably succumb to their disease. Tumor recurrence is driven by a subpopulation of cancer stem cells in glioblastoma (glioblastoma stem-like cells, GSCs), which exhibit resistance to cytotoxic therapies, compared to their non-stem-cell counterparts. Here, we show that the Cox-2 and Wnt signaling pathways are aberrantly activated in GSCs and interact to maintain the cancer stem cell identity. Cox-2 stimulates GSC self-renewal and proliferation through prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), which in turn activates the Wnt signaling pathway. Wnt signaling underlies PGE2-induced GSC self-renewal and independently directs GSC self-renewal and proliferation. Inhibition of PGE2 enhances the effect of temozolomide on GSCs, but affords only a modest survival advantage in a xenograft model in the setting of COX-independent Wnt activation. Our findings uncover an aberrant positive feedback interaction between the Cox-2/PGE2 and Wnt pathways that mediates the stem-like state in glioblastoma.
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43
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Brouwers B, Fumagalli D, Brohee S, Hatse S, Govaere O, Floris G, Van den Eynde K, Bareche Y, Schöffski P, Smeets A, Neven P, Lambrechts D, Sotiriou C, Wildiers H. The footprint of the ageing stroma in older patients with breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res 2017; 19:78. [PMID: 28673354 PMCID: PMC5494807 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-017-0871-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tumours are not only composed of malignant cells but also consist of a stromal micro-environment, which has been shown to influence cancer cell behaviour. Because the ageing process induces accumulation of senescent cells in the body, this micro-environment is thought to be different in cancers occurring in old patients compared with younger patients. More specifically, senescence-related fibroblastic features, such as the senescence-associated secretory profile (SASP) and the induction of autophagy, are suspected to stimulate tumour growth and progression. Methods We compared gene expression profiles in stromal fields of breast carcinomas by performing laser capture microdissection of the cancer-associated stroma from eight old (aged ≥80 years at diagnosis) and nine young (aged <45 years at diagnosis) patients with triple-negative breast cancer. Gene expression data were obtained by microarray analysis (Affymetrix). Differential gene expression and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) were performed. Results Differential gene expression analysis showed changes reminiscent of increased growth, de-differentiation and migration in stromal samples of older versus younger patients. GSEA confirmed the presence of a SASP, as well as the presence of autophagy in the stroma of older patients. Conclusions We provide the first evidence in humans that older age at diagnosis is associated with a different stromal micro-environment in breast cancers. The SASP and the presence of autophagy appear to be important age-induced stromal features. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13058-017-0871-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Brouwers
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology (LEO), Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium. .,Department of General Medical Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Debora Fumagalli
- Breast Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, Institut Jules Bordet, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sylvain Brohee
- Breast Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, Institut Jules Bordet, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sigrid Hatse
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology (LEO), Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of General Medical Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Olivier Govaere
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, Laboratory of Translational Cell & Tissue Research, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Leuven, Herestraat 49, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Giuseppe Floris
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, Laboratory of Translational Cell & Tissue Research, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Leuven, Herestraat 49, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kathleen Van den Eynde
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, Laboratory of Translational Cell & Tissue Research, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Leuven, Herestraat 49, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Yacine Bareche
- Breast Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, Institut Jules Bordet, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Patrick Schöffski
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology (LEO), Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of General Medical Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ann Smeets
- Multidisciplinary Breast Center, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Patrick Neven
- Multidisciplinary Breast Center, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Diether Lambrechts
- Department of Oncology, Laboratory for Translational Genetics, Vesalius Research Center (VRC), Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie (VIB) and KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Christos Sotiriou
- Breast Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, Institut Jules Bordet, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Hans Wildiers
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology (LEO), Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of General Medical Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Multidisciplinary Breast Center, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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44
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Perumal V, Dharmarajan AM, Fox SA. The Wnt regulator SFRP4 inhibits mesothelioma cell proliferation, migration, and antagonizes Wnt3a via its netrin-like domain. Int J Oncol 2017; 51:362-368. [PMID: 28534940 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2017.4011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Secreted frizzled related proteins (SFRPs) are a family of Wnt regulators which are frequently downregulated in cancers. In malignant mesothelioma (MM), downregulation of SFRP4 has been reported as a mechanism which contributes to aberrant activation of oncogenic Wnt signaling. Here we investigated the biological consequences of SFRP4 in two mesothelioma cell models where this protein is downregulated. We used recombinant SFRP4 and transient overexpression to study changes in proliferation, migration and downstream signaling. We found that recombinant SFRP4 inhibited both proliferation and migration of MM cells as well as abrogating the stimulatory effect of recombinant Wnt3a. Morphologically SFRP4 induced a cytotoxic effect distinct from apoptosis and consistent with mitotic catastrophe. Overexpression of SFRP4 in these cell lines displayed similar effects as endogenous protein on cell viability, migration and nuclear morphology. We also used expression constructs to examine the role of the SFRP4 cysteine rich domain (CRD) and a netrin-like domain (NLD) in these effects. Interestingly, we found it was the NLD which mediated the biological effects of SFRP4 in these cells. Our results indicate that SFRP4 inhibits mesothelioma proliferation, migration and activates alternative cell death pathways. The finding that the NLD is responsible for these has broader implications for this protein family. Overall this study suggests that the Wnt pathway may prove a promising target for therapy in mesothelioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanathi Perumal
- School of Pharmacy, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6845, Australia
| | - Arun M Dharmarajan
- Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6845, Australia
| | - Simon A Fox
- School of Pharmacy, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6845, Australia
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45
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Li R, Dong T, Hu C, Lu J, Dai J, Liu P. Salinomycin repressed the epithelial-mesenchymal transition of epithelial ovarian cancer cells via downregulating Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Onco Targets Ther 2017; 10:1317-1325. [PMID: 28280366 PMCID: PMC5338937 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s126463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the leading cause of death among all gynecological malignancies. Most patients are diagnosed in the advanced stage and have distant metastasis ultimately. Salinomycin has been demonstrated to reduce invasive capacity of multiple tumor cells. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of salinomycin on EOC cells. The cell counting kit 8 (CCK-8) and Boyden chamber assays showed that salinomycin could effectively reduce the abilities of proliferation, migration and invasion in EOC cells. The western blot assay showed that salinomycin could increase the expression of epithelial markers (E-cadherin and Keratin) while decrease the expression of mesenchymal markers (N-cadherin and vimentin) in a dose-dependent manner. These results were ascertained by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Besides, salinomycin could downregulate the expression of proteins associated with the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and repress the nuclear translocation of β-catenin. It was also shown that salinomycin could reverse the aberrant activation of the canonical Wnt pathway induced by GSK-3β inhibitor (SB216763). Our results revealed that salinomycin could inhibit the proliferation, migration and invasion in EOC cells. In addition, the inhibitive effect of salinomycin on the invasive ability was mediated by repressing the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) program, which may be achieved through its inhibition of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Taotao Dong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Hu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingjing Lu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Dai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Peishu Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
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46
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Afsharpad M, Nowroozi MR, Safari M, Nekoohesh L, sohrabi A, Zendehdel K, Modarressi MH. Reference gene validation for relative quantification analysis of transcripts in urinary exfoliated cells among urothelial bladder carcinoma patients. Meta Gene 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2016.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
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47
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Wang H, Duan XL, Qi XL, Meng L, Xu YS, Wu T, Dai PG. Concurrent Hypermethylation of SFRP2 and DKK2 Activates the Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway and Is Associated with Poor Prognosis in Patients with Gastric Cancer. Mol Cells 2017; 40:45-53. [PMID: 28152305 PMCID: PMC5303888 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2017.2245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Revised: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant hypermethylation of Wnt antagonists has been observed in gastric cancer. A number of studies have focused on the hypermethylation of a single Wnt antagonist and its role in regulating the activation of signaling. However, how the Wnt antagonists interacted to regulate the signaling pathway has not been reported. In the present study, we systematically investigated the methylation of some Wnt antagonist genes (SFRP2, SFRP4, SFRP5, DKK1, DKK2, and APC) and their regulatory role in carcinogenesis. We found that aberrant promoter methylation of SFRP2, SFRP4, DKK1, and DKK2 was significantly increased in gastric cancer. Moreover, concurrent hypermethylation of SFRP2 and DKK2 was observed in gastric cancer and this was significantly associated with increased expression of β-catenin, indicating that the joint inactivation of these two genes promoted the activation of the Wnt signaling pathway. Further analysis using a multivariate Cox proportional hazards model showed that DKK2 methylation was an independent prognostic factor for poor overall survival, and the predictive value was markedly enhanced when the combined methylation status of SFRP2 and DKK2 was considered. In addition, the methylation level of SFRP4 and DKK2 was correlated with the patient's age and tumor differentiation, respectively. In conclusion, epigenetic silencing of Wnt antagonists was associated with gastric carcinogenesis, and concurrent hypermethylation of SFRP2 and DKK2 could be a potential marker for a prognosis of poor overall survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Miniaturized Detection Systems, School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi,
China
| | - Xiang-Long Duan
- Second Department of General Surgery, Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Xi’an, Shaanxi,
China
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Yulin, Yulin, Shaanxi,
China
| | - Xiao-Li Qi
- National Engineering Research Center for Miniaturized Detection Systems, School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi,
China
| | - Lei Meng
- National Engineering Research Center for Miniaturized Detection Systems, School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi,
China
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University. Xi’an, Shaanxi,
China
| | - Yi-Song Xu
- National Engineering Research Center for Miniaturized Detection Systems, School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi,
China
| | - Tong Wu
- National Engineering Research Center for Miniaturized Detection Systems, School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi,
China
| | - Peng-Gao Dai
- National Engineering Research Center for Miniaturized Detection Systems, School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi,
China
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48
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Henry C, Llamosas E, Knipprath-Meszaros A, Schoetzau A, Obermann E, Fuenfschilling M, Caduff R, Fink D, Hacker N, Ward R, Heinzelmann-Schwarz V, Ford C. Targeting the ROR1 and ROR2 receptors in epithelial ovarian cancer inhibits cell migration and invasion. Oncotarget 2016; 6:40310-26. [PMID: 26515598 PMCID: PMC4741897 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM In recent years, the Wnt signalling pathway has been implicated in epithelial ovarian cancer and its members have potential as diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic targets. Here we investigated the role of two Wnt receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), ROR1 and ROR2, and their putative ligand, Wnt5a, in ovarian cancer. METHODS Immunohistochemistry for ROR2 was performed in a large patient cohort, including benign controls, borderline tumours and epithelial ovarian cancer. In addition, siRNA was used to silence ROR1, ROR2 and Wnt5a individually, and together, in two ovarian cancer cell lines, and the effects on cell proliferation, adhesion, migration and invasion were measured. RESULTS ROR2 expression is significantly increased in ovarian cancer patients compared to patients with benign disease. In vitro assays showed that silencing either receptor inhibits ovarian cancer cell migration and invasion, and concurrently silencing both receptors has an even stronger inhibitory effect on proliferation, migration and invasion. CONCLUSIONS ROR2 expression is increased in epithelial ovarian cancer, and silencing ROR2 and its sister receptor ROR1 has a strong inhibitory effect on the ability of ovarian cancer cells to proliferate, migrate and invade through an extracellular matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Henry
- Metastasis Research Group, Adult Cancer Program, Lowy Cancer Research Centre and Prince of Wales Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Estelle Llamosas
- Metastasis Research Group, Adult Cancer Program, Lowy Cancer Research Centre and Prince of Wales Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Alexandra Knipprath-Meszaros
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecological Oncology, Hospital for Women, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Schoetzau
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecological Oncology, Hospital for Women, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ellen Obermann
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Maya Fuenfschilling
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Rosemarie Caduff
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Fink
- Department of Gynecology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Neville Hacker
- Gynaecological Cancer Centre, Royal Hospital for Women, Sydney, Australia
| | - Robyn Ward
- Department of Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Viola Heinzelmann-Schwarz
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecological Oncology, Hospital for Women, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Caroline Ford
- Metastasis Research Group, Adult Cancer Program, Lowy Cancer Research Centre and Prince of Wales Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, New South Wales, Australia
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49
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Bernaudo S, Salem M, Qi X, Zhou W, Zhang C, Yang W, Rosman D, Deng Z, Ye G, Yang B, Vanderhyden B, Wu Z, Peng C. Cyclin G2 inhibits epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition by disrupting Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Oncogene 2016; 35:4816-27. [PMID: 26876206 PMCID: PMC5024152 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2015] [Revised: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) has the highest mortality rate among gynecological malignancies owing to poor screening methods, non-specific symptoms and limited knowledge of the cellular targets that contribute to the disease. Cyclin G2 is an unconventional cyclin that acts to oppose cell cycle progression. Dysregulation of the cyclin G2 gene (CCNG2) in a variety of human cancers has been reported; however, the role of cyclin G2 in tumorigenesis remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the function of cyclin G2 in EOC. In vitro and in vivo studies using several EOC-derived tumor cell lines revealed that cyclin G2 inhibited cell proliferation, migration, invasion and spheroid formation, as well as tumor formation and invasion. By interrogating cDNA microarray data sets, we found that CCGN2 mRNA is reduced in several large cohorts of human ovarian carcinoma when compared with normal ovarian surface epithelium or borderline tumors of the ovary. Mechanistically, cyclin G2 was found to suppress epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), as demonstrated by the differential regulation of various EMT genes, such as Snail, Slug, vimentin and E-cadherin. Moreover, cyclin G2 potently suppressed the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway by downregulating key Wnt components, namely LRP6, DVL2 and β-catenin, which could be linked to inhibition of EMT. Taken together, our novel findings demonstrate that cyclin G2 has potent tumor-suppressive effects in EOCs by inhibiting EMT through attenuating Wnt/β-catenin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bernaudo
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - M Salem
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - X Qi
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - W Zhou
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - C Zhang
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - W Yang
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - D Rosman
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Z Deng
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - G Ye
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - B Yang
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - B Vanderhyden
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Z Wu
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - C Peng
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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50
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Birkenmeier G, Hemdan NYA, Kurz S, Bigl M, Pieroh P, Debebe T, Buchold M, Thieme R, Wichmann G, Dehghani F. Ethyl Pyruvate Combats Human Leukemia Cells but Spares Normal Blood Cells. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0161571. [PMID: 27579985 PMCID: PMC5006986 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Ethyl pyruvate, a known ROS scavenger and anti-inflammatory drug was found to combat leukemia cells. Tumor cell killing was achieved by concerted action of necrosis/apoptosis induction, ATP depletion, and inhibition of glycolytic and para-glycolytic enzymes. Ethyl lactate was less harmful to leukemia cells but was found to arrest cell cycle in the G0/G1 phase. Both, ethyl pyruvate and ethyl lactate were identified as new inhibitors of GSK-3β. Despite the strong effect of ethyl pyruvate on leukemia cells, human cognate blood cells were only marginally affected. The data were compiled by immune blotting, flow cytometry, enzyme activity assay and gene array analysis. Our results inform new mechanisms of ethyl pyruvate-induced cell death, offering thereby a new treatment regime with a high therapeutic window for leukemic tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerd Birkenmeier
- Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Johannisallee 30, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Nasr Y. A. Hemdan
- Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Johannisallee 30, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Susanne Kurz
- Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Johannisallee 30, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Marina Bigl
- Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Johannisallee 30, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Philipp Pieroh
- Department of Orthopedics, Trauma and Plastic Surgery, University of Leipzig, Liebigstr. 20, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Grosse Steinstrasse 52, 06097 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Tewodros Debebe
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Liebigstr. 21, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Martin Buchold
- Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Johannisallee 30, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Rene Thieme
- University Medical Center, Department of Visceral, Transplantation, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University of Leipzig, Liebigstr. 19, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Gunnar Wichmann
- ENT-Research Lab, Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Leipzig, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Liebigstr. 21, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Faramarz Dehghani
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Grosse Steinstrasse 52, 06097 Halle (Saale), Germany
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