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An F, Song J, Chang W, Zhang J, Gao P, Wang Y, Xiao Z, Yan C. Research Progress on the Mechanism of the SFRP-Mediated Wnt Signalling Pathway Involved in Bone Metabolism in Osteoporosis. Mol Biotechnol 2024; 66:975-990. [PMID: 38194214 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-023-01018-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Osteoporosis (OP) is a metabolic bone disease linked to an elevated fracture risk, primarily stemming from disruptions in bone metabolism. Present clinical treatments for OP merely alleviate symptoms. Hence, there exists a pressing need to identify novel targets for the clinical treatment of OP. Research indicates that the Wnt signalling pathway is modulated by serum-secreted frizzled-related protein 5 (SFRP5), potentially serving as a pivotal regulator in bone metabolism disorders. Moreover, studies confirm elevated SFRP5 expression in OP, with SFRP5 overexpression leading to the downregulation of Wnt and β-catenin proteins in the Wnt signalling pathway, as well as the expression of osteogenesis-related marker molecules such as RUNX2, ALP, and OPN. Conversely, the opposite has been reported when SFRP5 is knocked out, suggesting that SFRP5 may be a key factor involved in the regulation of bone metabolism via the Wnt signalling axis. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the action of SFRP5-induced OP have yet to be comprehensively elucidated. This review focusses on the molecular structure and function of SFRP5 and the potential molecular mechanisms of the SFRP5-mediated Wnt signalling pathway involved in bone metabolism in OP, providing reasonable evidence for the targeted therapy of SFRP5 for the prevention and treatment of OP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangyu An
- Teaching Experiment Training Center, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Jiayi Song
- School of Basic Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Weirong Chang
- School of Basic Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- School of Basic Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Peng Gao
- School of Basic Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Yujie Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Zhipan Xiao
- School of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Chunlu Yan
- School of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China.
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Wang W, An Q, Huang K, Dai Y, Meng Q, Zhang Y. Unlocking the power of Lactoferrin: Exploring its role in early life and its preventive potential for adult chronic diseases. Food Res Int 2024; 182:114143. [PMID: 38519174 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Nutrition during the early postnatal period exerts a profound impact on both infant development and later-life health. Breast milk, which contains lactoferrin, a dynamic protein, plays a crucial role in the growth of various biological systems and in preventing numerous chronic diseases. Based on the relationship between early infant development and chronic diseases later in life, this paper presents a review of the effects of lactoferrin in early life on neonates intestinal tract, immune system, nervous system, adipocyte development, and early intestinal microflora establishment, as well as the preventive and potential mechanisms of early postnatal lactoferrin against adult allergy, inflammatory bowel disease, depression, cancer, and obesity. Furthermore, we summarized the application status of lactoferrin in the early postnatal period and suggested directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Wang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Qin An
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Kunlun Huang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yunping Dai
- College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Qingyong Meng
- College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yali Zhang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
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Chu DT, Nguyen TL. Frizzled receptors and SFRP5 in lipid metabolism: Current findings and potential applications. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2023; 194:377-393. [PMID: 36631199 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2022.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Lipid metabolism plays a very important role as the central metabolic process of the body. Lipid metabolism interruptions may cause many chronic diseases, for example, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), diabetes, and obesity. Secreted Frizzled Related Protein 5 (SFRP5) and Frizzled receptors (FZD) are two newly discovered adipokines that are involved in lipid metabolism as well as lipogenesis. Both of these adipokines affect lipid metabolism and adipogenesis through three WNT signaling pathways (WNTSP): WNT/β-catenin, WNT/Ca2+, and WNT/JNK. FZD consists of 10 species, which have a cysteine-rich domain (CRD) to bind to the WNT protein for signal transduction. Depending on the type of ligand or co-receptor, they can stimulate or inhibit adipogenesis. In lipid metabolism, they play a role in recognizing fatty acids. In obesity, gene expression of the WNT/FZD receptors is significantly increased. In contrast, SFPR5 serves as an antagonist that can compete with FZD for inhibition of WNTSP. It is believed to have anti-inflammatory potential in obesity and diseases related to abnormal lipid metabolism. In these cases, the expression of SFRP5 is found to be very low leading to the promoted production of proinflammatory cytokines (PICS). Some methods that include using recombinant SFRP5 to improve non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), using secreted Ly-6/uPAR-related protein 1 (Slurp1) to regulate fat accumulation in the liver through SFRP5, and dietary and lifestyle interventions to improve overweight/obesity have been studied. However, understandings of the molecular mechanisms of these two adipokines and their interactions are very limited. Therefore, more in-depth studies are needed in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinh-Toi Chu
- Center for Biomedicine and Community Health, International School, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam; Faculty of Applied Sciences, International School, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam.
| | - Thanh-Lam Nguyen
- Center for Biomedicine and Community Health, International School, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
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Hand2 delineates mesothelium progenitors and is reactivated in mesothelioma. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1677. [PMID: 35354817 PMCID: PMC8967825 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29311-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The mesothelium lines body cavities and surrounds internal organs, widely contributing to homeostasis and regeneration. Mesothelium disruptions cause visceral anomalies and mesothelioma tumors. Nonetheless, the embryonic emergence of mesothelia remains incompletely understood. Here, we track mesothelial origins in the lateral plate mesoderm (LPM) using zebrafish. Single-cell transcriptomics uncovers a post-gastrulation gene expression signature centered on hand2 in distinct LPM progenitor cells. We map mesothelial progenitors to lateral-most, hand2-expressing LPM and confirm conservation in mouse. Time-lapse imaging of zebrafish hand2 reporter embryos captures mesothelium formation including pericardium, visceral, and parietal peritoneum. We find primordial germ cells migrate with the forming mesothelium as ventral migration boundary. Functionally, hand2 loss disrupts mesothelium formation with reduced progenitor cells and perturbed migration. In mouse and human mesothelioma, we document expression of LPM-associated transcription factors including Hand2, suggesting re-initiation of a developmental program. Our data connects mesothelium development to Hand2, expanding our understanding of mesothelial pathologies.
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Elevated Serum SFRP5 Levels During Preeclampsia and Its Potential Association with Trophoblast Dysfunction via Wnt/β-Catenin Suppression. Reprod Sci 2021; 29:163-172. [PMID: 34382203 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-021-00698-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) is a life-threatening pregnancy complication associated with diminished trophoblast migration and invasion. Wnt signalling is one of the most important regulators of placentation. Secreted frizzled-related protein 5 (SFRP5) is an anti-inflammatory adipokine that may inhibit Wnt signalling. In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between SFRP5 and PE and its effect on trophoblast function, as well as the underlying signalling pathways. SFRP5 levels in the serum and placental tissues were detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunohistochemistry, respectively. To evaluate the effect of SFRP5 on Wnt signalling, the human trophoblast cell line HTR8/SVneo was treated with recombinant human SFRP5 and Dickkopf-related protein 1 (Dkk-1, canonical Wnt inhibitor) proteins and lithium chloride (LiCl, canonical Wnt agonist). The migration and invasion ability of HTR8/SVneo cells was evaluated using wound-healing and Matrigel Transwell assays. The activities of multiple matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-2/9 were detected using gelatin zymography. Expression of glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (GSK3β) and β-catenin proteins was investigated using western blotting. The serum SFRP5 levels were elevated in patients with PE, but SFRP5 expression was not detected in the placental tissues. Furthermore, SFRP5 inhibited the migration and invasion of HTR8/SVneo cells in vitro, increased GSK3β, and decreased β-catenin expression and MMP-2/9 activity in HTR8/SVneo cells. In conclusion, this study suggests that SFRP5 inhibits trophoblast migration and invasion potentially via the inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin signalling, which might be involved in the development of PE. However, the primary cause of the increased SFRP5 levels needs to be investigated.
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Templehof H, Moshe N, Avraham-Davidi I, Yaniv K. Zebrafish mutants provide insights into Apolipoprotein B functions during embryonic development and pathological conditions. JCI Insight 2021; 6:e130399. [PMID: 34236046 PMCID: PMC8410079 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.130399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein B (ApoB) is the primary protein of chylomicrons, VLDLs, and LDLs and is essential for their production. Defects in ApoB synthesis and secretion result in several human diseases, including abetalipoproteinemia and familial hypobetalipoproteinemia (FHBL1). In addition, ApoB-related dyslipidemia is linked to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a silent pandemic affecting billions globally. Due to the crucial role of APOB in supplying nutrients to the developing embryo, ApoB deletion in mammals is embryonic lethal. Thus, a clear understanding of the roles of this protein during development is lacking. Here, we established zebrafish mutants for 2 apoB genes: apoBa and apoBb.1. Double-mutant embryos displayed hepatic steatosis, a common hallmark of FHBL1 and NAFLD, as well as abnormal liver laterality, decreased numbers of goblet cells in the gut, and impaired angiogenesis. We further used these mutants to identify the domains within ApoB responsible for its functions. By assessing the ability of different truncated forms of human APOB to rescue the mutant phenotypes, we demonstrate the benefits of this model for prospective therapeutic screens. Overall, these zebrafish models uncover what are likely previously undescribed functions of ApoB in organ development and morphogenesis and shed light on the mechanisms underlying hypolipidemia-related diseases.
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Loo LSW, Soetedjo AAP, Lau HH, Ng NHJ, Ghosh S, Nguyen L, Krishnan VG, Choi H, Roca X, Hoon S, Teo AKK. BCL-xL/BCL2L1 is a critical anti-apoptotic protein that promotes the survival of differentiating pancreatic cells from human pluripotent stem cells. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:378. [PMID: 32424151 PMCID: PMC7235254 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2589-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells into pancreatic cells involves cellular proliferation and apoptosis during cell fate transitions. However, their implications for establishing cellular identity are unclear. Here, we profiled the expression of BCL-2 family of proteins during pancreatic specification and observed an upregulation of BCL-xL, downregulation of BAK and corresponding downregulation of cleaved CASP3 representative of apoptosis. Experimental inhibition of BCL-xL reciprocally increased apoptosis and resulted in a decreased gene expression of pancreatic markers despite a compensatory increase in anti-apoptotic protein BCL-2. RNA-Seq analyses then revealed a downregulation of multiple metabolic genes upon inhibition of BCL-xL. Follow-up bioenergetics assays revealed broad downregulation of both glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation when BCL-xL was inhibited. Early perturbation of BCL-xL during pancreatic specification also had subsequent detrimental effects on the formation of INS+ pancreatic beta-like cells. In conclusion, the more differentiated pancreatic progenitors are dependent on anti-apoptotic BCL-xL for survival, whereas the less differentiated pancreatic progenitors that survived after WEHI-539 treatment would exhibit a more immature phenotype. Therefore, modulation of the expression level of BCL-xL can potentially increase the survival and robustness of pancreatic progenitors that ultimately define human pancreatic beta cell mass and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larry Sai Weng Loo
- Stem Cells and Diabetes Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Proteos, Singapore, 138673, Singapore.,School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
| | - Andreas Alvin Purnomo Soetedjo
- Stem Cells and Diabetes Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Proteos, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | - Hwee Hui Lau
- Stem Cells and Diabetes Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Proteos, Singapore, 138673, Singapore.,School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
| | - Natasha Hui Jin Ng
- Stem Cells and Diabetes Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Proteos, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | - Soumita Ghosh
- Computational and Statistical Systems Biology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Proteos, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | - Linh Nguyen
- Stem Cells and Diabetes Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Proteos, Singapore, 138673, Singapore.,Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117596, Singapore
| | | | - Hyungwon Choi
- Computational and Statistical Systems Biology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Proteos, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | - Xavier Roca
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
| | - Shawn Hoon
- Molecular Engineering Lab, Proteos, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | - Adrian Kee Keong Teo
- Stem Cells and Diabetes Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Proteos, Singapore, 138673, Singapore. .,Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117596, Singapore. .,Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119228, Singapore.
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8
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Tong S, Ji Q, Du Y, Zhu X, Zhu C, Zhou Y. Sfrp5/Wnt Pathway: A Protective Regulatory System in Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2019; 39:472-482. [PMID: 31199714 PMCID: PMC6660834 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2018.0154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue stores energy and is the largest endocrine organ in the body, producing several adipokines. However, among these adipokines, few play a role in the positive metabolism that promotes good health. Secreted frizzled-related protein (Sfrp)-5, an antagonist that directly binds to Wnt, has attracted interest due to its favorable effects on atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). This review focuses on Sfrp5 biology and the roles of the Sfrp5/Wnt system in ASCVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Tong
- 1Beijing Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine of Coronary Atherosclerotic Disease, Department of Cardiology, 12th ward, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Clinical Center for Coronary Heart Disease, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,2Department of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan, China
| | - Qingwei Ji
- 3Emergency and Critical Care Center, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Du
- 1Beijing Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine of Coronary Atherosclerotic Disease, Department of Cardiology, 12th ward, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Clinical Center for Coronary Heart Disease, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaogang Zhu
- 1Beijing Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine of Coronary Atherosclerotic Disease, Department of Cardiology, 12th ward, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Clinical Center for Coronary Heart Disease, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Caizhong Zhu
- 2Department of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan, China
| | - Yujie Zhou
- 1Beijing Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine of Coronary Atherosclerotic Disease, Department of Cardiology, 12th ward, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Clinical Center for Coronary Heart Disease, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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9
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The Wnt antagonist and secreted frizzled-related protein 5: implications on lipid metabolism, inflammation, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Biosci Rep 2018; 38:BSR20180011. [PMID: 29789397 PMCID: PMC6028759 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20180011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Various reports have suggested that secreted frizzled-related protein (SFRP) 5 (SFRP5) plays a regulatory role in the processes of cellular proliferation and differentiation, by means of inactivating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Recently, SFRP5 has been identified as an anti-inflammatory adipokine, which may be induced during preadipocyte proliferation, differentiation, and maturation. This review aims to identify the recent progress in the research and development of SFRP5 that can play a role in influencing lipid metabolism, inflammation, and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Recent evidence has indicated that SFRP5 is capable of stimulating adipocyte differentiation via inhibition of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. In addition, SFRP5 binding with wingless-type murine mammary tumor virus integration site family, member 5A (Wnt5a), inhibits the activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) downstream of the Wnt signaling pathway. An antagonistic relationship has been found between the reductions in inflammatory cytokine production and serine phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) in regard to inhibition of insulin signaling network. By this mechanism, SFRP5 exerts its influence on metabolic function. Based on our review of the current available literature, we support the notion that SFRP5 can be used as a therapeutic target in the treatment of T2DM.
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Vincent KM, Postovit LM. Matricellular proteins in cancer: a focus on secreted Frizzled-related proteins. J Cell Commun Signal 2018; 12:103-112. [PMID: 28589318 PMCID: PMC5842174 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-017-0398-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumours are complex entities, wherein cancer cells interact with myriad soluble, insoluble and cell associated factors. These microenvironmental mediators regulate tumour growth, progression and metastasis, and are produced by cancer cells and by stromal components such as fibroblast, adipocytes and immune cells. Through their ability to bind to extracellular matrix proteins, cell surface receptors and growth factors, matricellular proteins enable a dynamic reciprocity between cancer cells and their microenvironment. Hence, matricellular proteins play a critical role in tumour progression by regulating where and when cancer cells are exposed to key growth factors and regulatory proteins. Recent studies suggest that, in addition to altering Wingless (Wnt) signalling, certain members of the Secreted Frizzled Related Protein (sFRP) family are matricellular in nature. In this review, we outline the importance of matricellular proteins in cancer, and discuss how sFRPs may function to both inhibit and promote cancer progression in a context-dependent manner. By considering the matricellular functionality of sFRPs, we may better understand their apparently paradoxical roles in cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krista Marie Vincent
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, 114th St and 87th Ave, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1 Canada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St, London, ON N6A 3K7 Canada
| | - Lynne-Marie Postovit
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, 114th St and 87th Ave, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1 Canada
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Li Q, Zuo LL, Lin YQ, Xu YO, Zhu JJ, Liao HH, Lin S, Xiong XR, Wang Y. Cloning and Expression of SFRP5 in Tibetan Chicken and its Relationship with IMF Deposition. Anim Biotechnol 2017; 27:231-7. [PMID: 27565866 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2016.1178138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Secreted frizzled related protein 5 (SFRP5), an anti-inflammatory adipokine, is relevant to the adipocyte differentiation. In order to clarify its role in regulating intramuscular fat (IMF) deposition in Tibetan chicken, the full-length sequence of the Tibetan chicken SFRP5 gene was cloned. The relative expression of SFRP5 gene was detected using quantitative RT-PCR in various tissues of 154 days old Tibetan chicken, as well as in breast muscle, thigh muscle, and adipose tissue at different growth stages. The results showed that SFRP5 gene was expressed in all examined tissues but highly enriched in adipose tissue. Temporal expression profile showed that the expression of SFRP5 was gradually decreased in breast muscle, but was fluctuated in thigh muscle and adipose tissue with the growth of Tibetan chicken. Furthermore, correlation analysis demonstrated that the expression of SFRP5 in breast muscle, thigh muscle and adipose tissue was correlated with IMF content at different levels. The results indicated that Tibetan chicken SFRP5 is involved in IMF deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- a College of Life Science and Technology , Southwest University for Nationalities , Chengdu , China.,b Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province for Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Exploitation , Chengdu , China
| | - Lu-Lu Zuo
- a College of Life Science and Technology , Southwest University for Nationalities , Chengdu , China
| | - Ya-Qiu Lin
- a College of Life Science and Technology , Southwest University for Nationalities , Chengdu , China
| | - Ya-Ou Xu
- a College of Life Science and Technology , Southwest University for Nationalities , Chengdu , China
| | - Jiang-Jiang Zhu
- a College of Life Science and Technology , Southwest University for Nationalities , Chengdu , China.,b Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province for Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Exploitation , Chengdu , China
| | - Hong-Hai Liao
- a College of Life Science and Technology , Southwest University for Nationalities , Chengdu , China.,b Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province for Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Exploitation , Chengdu , China
| | - Sen Lin
- a College of Life Science and Technology , Southwest University for Nationalities , Chengdu , China.,b Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province for Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Exploitation , Chengdu , China
| | - Xian-Rong Xiong
- a College of Life Science and Technology , Southwest University for Nationalities , Chengdu , China
| | - Yong Wang
- a College of Life Science and Technology , Southwest University for Nationalities , Chengdu , China.,b Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province for Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Exploitation , Chengdu , China
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Abstract
The discovery of the transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) family ligands and the realization that their bioactivities need to be tightly controlled temporally and spatially led to intensive research that has identified a multitude of extracellular modulators of TGF-β family ligands, uncovered their functions in developmental and pathophysiological processes, defined the mechanisms of their activities, and explored potential modulator-based therapeutic applications in treating human diseases. These studies revealed a diverse repertoire of extracellular and membrane-associated molecules that are capable of modulating TGF-β family signals via control of ligand availability, processing, ligand-receptor interaction, and receptor activation. These molecules include not only soluble ligand-binding proteins that were conventionally considered as agonists and antagonists of TGF-β family of growth factors, but also extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins and proteoglycans that can serve as "sink" and control storage and release of both the TGF-β family ligands and their regulators. This extensive network of soluble and ECM modulators helps to ensure dynamic and cell-specific control of TGF-β family signals. This article reviews our knowledge of extracellular modulation of TGF-β growth factors by diverse proteins and their molecular mechanisms to regulate TGF-β family signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenbei Chang
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
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13
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Deng D, Diao Z, Han X, Liu W. Secreted Frizzled-Related Protein 5 Attenuates High Phosphate-Induced Calcification in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells by Inhibiting the Wnt/ß-Catenin Pathway. Calcif Tissue Int 2016; 99:66-75. [PMID: 26895007 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-016-0117-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Vascular calcification (VC) is highly prevalent and represents a major cardiovascular risk factor in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. High phosphate (HP) levels are strongly associated with VC in this population. Secreted frizzled-related protein 5 (SFRP5), one of the inhibitors of the Wnt pathway, is a known anti-inflammatory adipokine with a positive effect on metabolic and cardiovascular diseases, in addition to its anticancer potency. However, the role of SFRP5 in the pathophysiology of VC is unclear. This work aimed to study the mechanism of action of SFRP5 on the progression of HP-induced VC, which resembles the CKD-related VC, through its direct effect on vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) in vitro. Addition of SFRP5 significantly inhibited HP-induced calcification of VSMCs as determined by Alizarin red staining and calcium content. The inhibitory effect of SFRP5 on calcification of VSMCs was due to the suppression of HP-induced expression of calcification and osteoblastic markers. In addition, SFRP5 abrogated HP-induced activation of the Wnt/ß-catenin pathway, which plays a key role in the pathogenesis of VC. The specificity of SFRP5 for the inhibition of calcification of VSMCs was confirmed by using a neutralizing antibody to SFRP5. Our results suggest that SFRP5 inhibits HP-induced calcification of VSMCs by inhibiting the expression of calcification and osteoblastic markers, as well as the Wnt/ß-catenin pathway. Our study may indicate that SFRP5 is a potential therapeutic agent in calcification of VSMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dai Deng
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Beijing Friendship Hospital, Faculty of Kidney Diseases, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Zongli Diao
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Beijing Friendship Hospital, Faculty of Kidney Diseases, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Xue Han
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Beijing Friendship Hospital, Faculty of Kidney Diseases, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Wenhu Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Beijing Friendship Hospital, Faculty of Kidney Diseases, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China.
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14
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sFRP-mediated Wnt sequestration as a potential therapeutic target for Alzheimer’s disease. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2016; 75:104-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2016.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Revised: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Bloomquist RF, Parnell NF, Phillips KA, Fowler TE, Yu TY, Sharpe PT, Streelman JT. Coevolutionary patterning of teeth and taste buds. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:E5954-62. [PMID: 26483492 PMCID: PMC4640805 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1514298112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Teeth and taste buds are iteratively patterned structures that line the oro-pharynx of vertebrates. Biologists do not fully understand how teeth and taste buds develop from undifferentiated epithelium or how variation in organ density is regulated. These organs are typically studied independently because of their separate anatomical location in mammals: teeth on the jaw margin and taste buds on the tongue. However, in many aquatic animals like bony fishes, teeth and taste buds are colocalized one next to the other. Using genetic mapping in cichlid fishes, we identified shared loci controlling a positive correlation between tooth and taste bud densities. Genome intervals contained candidate genes expressed in tooth and taste bud fields. sfrp5 and bmper, notable for roles in Wingless (Wnt) and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling, were differentially expressed across cichlid species with divergent tooth and taste bud density, and were expressed in the development of both organs in mice. Synexpression analysis and chemical manipulation of Wnt, BMP, and Hedgehog (Hh) pathways suggest that a common cichlid oral lamina is competent to form teeth or taste buds. Wnt signaling couples tooth and taste bud density and BMP and Hh mediate distinct organ identity. Synthesizing data from fish and mouse, we suggest that the Wnt-BMP-Hh regulatory hierarchy that configures teeth and taste buds on mammalian jaws and tongues may be an evolutionary remnant inherited from ancestors wherein these organs were copatterned from common epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan F Bloomquist
- School of Biology and Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332; College of Dental Medicine, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912;
| | - Nicholas F Parnell
- School of Biology and Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332
| | - Kristine A Phillips
- School of Biology and Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332
| | - Teresa E Fowler
- School of Biology and Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332
| | - Tian Y Yu
- Department of Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology, Dental Institute, King's College London, London WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom
| | - Paul T Sharpe
- Department of Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology, Dental Institute, King's College London, London WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom
| | - J Todd Streelman
- School of Biology and Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332;
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16
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Abstract
The liver is a central regulator of metabolism, and liver failure thus constitutes a major health burden. Understanding how this complex organ develops during embryogenesis will yield insights into how liver regeneration can be promoted and how functional liver replacement tissue can be engineered. Recent studies of animal models have identified key signaling pathways and complex tissue interactions that progressively generate liver progenitor cells, differentiated lineages and functional tissues. In addition, progress in understanding how these cells interact, and how transcriptional and signaling programs precisely coordinate liver development, has begun to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying this complexity. Here, we review the lineage relationships, signaling pathways and transcriptional programs that orchestrate hepatogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Gordillo
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Todd Evans
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Valerie Gouon-Evans
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
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17
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Id2a is required for hepatic outgrowth during liver development in zebrafish. Mech Dev 2015; 138 Pt 3:399-414. [PMID: 26022495 DOI: 10.1016/j.mod.2015.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Revised: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
During development, inhibitor of DNA binding (Id) proteins, a subclass of the helix-loop-helix family of proteins, regulate cellular proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis in various organs. However, a functional role of Id2a in liver development has not yet been reported. Here, using zebrafish as a model organism, we provide in vivo evidence that Id2a regulates hepatoblast proliferation and cell death during liver development. Initially, in the liver, id2a is expressed in hepatoblasts and after their differentiation, id2a expression is restricted to biliary epithelial cells. id2a knockdown in zebrafish embryos had no effect on hepatoblast specification or hepatocyte differentiation. However, liver size was greatly reduced in id2a morpholino-injected embryos, indicative of a hepatic outgrowth defect attributable to the significant decrease in proliferating hepatoblasts concomitant with the significant increase in hepatoblast cell death. Altogether, these data support the role of Id2a as an important regulator of hepatic outgrowth via modulation of hepatoblast proliferation and survival during liver development in zebrafish.
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18
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Anunciado-Koza RP, Higgins DC, Koza RA. Adipose tissue Mest and Sfrp5 are concomitant with variations of adiposity among inbred mouse strains fed a non-obesogenic diet. Biochimie 2015; 124:134-140. [PMID: 26005096 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2015.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The expression of a subset of genes including mesoderm specific transcript (Mest), secreted frizzled-related protein 5 (Sfrp5) and bone morphogenetic protein 3 (Bmp3) in adipose tissue biopsies of C57BL/6J mice before exposure to an obesogenic diet were shown to be predictive for the development of obesity in mice after feeding a high fat diet for 8 weeks. This observation led to the supposition that adipose tissue expression of this subset of genes within inbred strains of mice could be associated with their susceptibility in the development of adiposity when fed a low fat diet. The analyses of male mice from 5 inbred strains showed average bodyweights ranging from 25.82 to 36.58 g at 16 weeks of age. Bodyweight was highest for AKR/J and adiposity correlated highly with bodyweight for all strains. Analyses of epididymal fat gene expression showed Mest, Sfrp5 and Bmp3 to be highly concomitant with adiposity across all strains of mice. Naked 1 (Nkd1), a gene previously shown to be associated with variations of adiposity in mice fed a high fat diet, but not predictive for the development of adiposity, showed no correlation with adiposity. In addition, the expression of Mest and Sfrp5 were tightly associated across the 5 mouse strains with the highest and lowest expression occurring in DBA/2J and C57BL/6J (B6) respectively suggesting a common mechanism for their regulation. Surprisingly, when independent cohorts for these 2 strains were fed high fat diet for 8 weeks, DBA/2J showed no further increase in Sfrp5 expression whereas expression levels for B6 mice were induced almost 20-fold. Analyses of (B6 x DBA2/J) F1 mice fed a low fat diet for 8 weeks showed intermediate levels of adiposity and gene expression for Sfrp5 and Mest suggesting a strong genetic basis for these differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rea P Anunciado-Koza
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME 04074, USA
| | - David C Higgins
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME 04074, USA
| | - Robert A Koza
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME 04074, USA.
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19
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Moreno-Moya JM, Franchi NA, Martínez-Escribano S, Martínez-Conejero JA, Bocca S, Oehninger S, Horcajadas JA. Transcriptome of early embryonic invasion at implantation sites in a murine model. Reprod Fertil Dev 2015; 28:RD14166. [PMID: 25940376 DOI: 10.1071/rd14166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Successful implantation relies on the interaction between a competent embryo and a receptive endometrium. The aim of the present study was to investigate genes differentially expressed in early invasive embryonic tissue versus decidual tissue in mice. Samples were obtained from the ectoplacental cone, the immediately surrounding deciduas and from deciduas from interimplantation sites. Microarray analysis showed that 817 genes were differentially expressed between extra-embryonic tissue and the surrounding decidua and that 360 genes were differentially expressed between the different deciduas, with a high representation of developmental processes. Genes differentially expressed in the maternal compartment included chemokines, lipoproteins, growth factors and transcription factors, whereas the embryonic invasive tissue expressed genes commonly observed in invasive tumour-like processes. These results provide information about genes involved in early embryonic invasion and the control exerted by the surrounding decidua. This information may be useful to find targets involved in pathologies associated with implantation failure and early pregnancy loss.
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20
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Lodh S, O’Hare EA, Zaghloul NA. Primary cilia in pancreatic development and disease. BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH. PART C, EMBRYO TODAY : REVIEWS 2014; 102:139-58. [PMID: 24864023 PMCID: PMC4213238 DOI: 10.1002/bdrc.21063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Revised: 03/30/2014] [Accepted: 03/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Primary cilia and their anchoring basal bodies are important regulators of a growing list of signaling pathways. Consequently, dysfunction in proteins associated with these structures results in perturbation of the development and function of a spectrum of tissue and cell types. Here, we review the role of cilia in mediating the development and function of the pancreas. We focus on ciliary regulation of major pathways involved in pancreatic development, including Shh, Wnt, TGF-β, Notch, and fibroblast growth factor. We also discuss pancreatic phenotypes associated with ciliary dysfunction, including pancreatic cysts and defects in glucose homeostasis, and explore the potential role of cilia in such defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukanya Lodh
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Elizabeth A. O’Hare
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Norann A. Zaghloul
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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21
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Gauger KJ, Bassa LM, Henchey EM, Wyman J, Bentley B, Brown M, Shimono A, Schneider SS. Mice deficient in Sfrp1 exhibit increased adiposity, dysregulated glucose metabolism, and enhanced macrophage infiltration. PLoS One 2013; 8:e78320. [PMID: 24339864 PMCID: PMC3855156 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0078320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2013] [Accepted: 09/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms involved in the development of obesity and related complications remain unclear. Wnt signaling plays an important role in preadipocyte differentiation and adipogenesis. The expression of a Wnt antagonist, secreted frizzled related protein 1 (SFRP1), is increased in response to initial weight gain, then levels are reduced under conditions of extreme obesity in both humans and animals. Here we report that loss of Sfrp1 exacerbates weight gain, glucose homeostasis and inflammation in mice in response to diet induced obesity (DIO). Sfrp1-/- mice fed a high fat diet (HFD) exhibited an increase in body mass accompanied by increases in body fat percentage, visceral white adipose tissue (WAT) mass, and adipocyte size. Moreover, Sfrp1 deficiency increases the mRNA levels of key de novo lipid synthesis genes (Fasn, Acaca, Acly, Elovl, Scd1) and the transcription factors that regulate their expression (Lxr-α, Srebp1, Chreb, and Nr1h3) in WAT. Fasting glucose levels are elevated, glucose clearance is impaired, hepatic gluconeogenesis regulators are aberrantly upregulated (G6pc and Pck1), and glucose transporters are repressed (Slc2a2 and Slc2a4) in Sfrp1-/- mice fed a HFD. Additionally, we observed increased steatosis in the livers of Sfrp1-/- mice. When there is an expansion of adipose tissue there is a sustained inflammatory response accompanied by adipokine dysregulation, which leads to chronic subclinical inflammation. Thus, we assessed the inflammatory state of different tissues and revealed that Sfrp1-/- mice fed a HFD exhibited increased macrophage infiltration and expression of pro-inflammatory markers including IL-6, Nmnat, Tgf-β2, and SerpinE1. Our findings demonstrate that the expression of Sfrp1 is a critical factor required for maintaining appropriate cellular signaling in response to the onset of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly J. Gauger
- Pioneer Valley Life Sciences Institute, Baystate Medical Center, Springfield, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Biology Department, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Lotfi M. Bassa
- Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth M. Henchey
- Pioneer Valley Life Sciences Institute, Baystate Medical Center, Springfield, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Josephine Wyman
- Pioneer Valley Life Sciences Institute, Baystate Medical Center, Springfield, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Brooke Bentley
- Pioneer Valley Life Sciences Institute, Baystate Medical Center, Springfield, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Melissa Brown
- Department of Nutrition, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | | | - Sallie S. Schneider
- Pioneer Valley Life Sciences Institute, Baystate Medical Center, Springfield, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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22
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Cui C, Chatterjee B, Lozito TP, Zhang Z, Francis RJ, Yagi H, Swanhart LM, Sanker S, Francis D, Yu Q, San Agustin JT, Puligilla C, Chatterjee T, Tansey T, Liu X, Kelley MW, Spiliotis ET, Kwiatkowski AV, Tuan R, Pazour GJ, Hukriede NA, Lo CW. Wdpcp, a PCP protein required for ciliogenesis, regulates directional cell migration and cell polarity by direct modulation of the actin cytoskeleton. PLoS Biol 2013; 11:e1001720. [PMID: 24302887 PMCID: PMC3841097 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.1001720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2013] [Accepted: 10/18/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Planar cell polarity (PCP) regulates cell alignment required for collective cell movement during embryonic development. This requires PCP/PCP effector proteins, some of which also play essential roles in ciliogenesis, highlighting the long-standing question of the role of the cilium in PCP. Wdpcp, a PCP effector, was recently shown to regulate both ciliogenesis and collective cell movement, but the underlying mechanism is unknown. Here we show Wdpcp can regulate PCP by direct modulation of the actin cytoskeleton. These studies were made possible by recovery of a Wdpcp mutant mouse model. Wdpcp-deficient mice exhibit phenotypes reminiscent of Bardet-Biedl/Meckel-Gruber ciliopathy syndromes, including cardiac outflow tract and cochlea defects associated with PCP perturbation. We observed Wdpcp is localized to the transition zone, and in Wdpcp-deficient cells, Sept2, Nphp1, and Mks1 were lost from the transition zone, indicating Wdpcp is required for recruitment of proteins essential for ciliogenesis. Wdpcp is also found in the cytoplasm, where it is localized in the actin cytoskeleton and in focal adhesions. Wdpcp interacts with Sept2 and is colocalized with Sept2 in actin filaments, but in Wdpcp-deficient cells, Sept2 was lost from the actin cytoskeleton, suggesting Wdpcp is required for Sept2 recruitment to actin filaments. Significantly, organization of the actin filaments and focal contacts were markedly changed in Wdpcp-deficient cells. This was associated with decreased membrane ruffling, failure to establish cell polarity, and loss of directional cell migration. These results suggest the PCP defects in Wdpcp mutants are not caused by loss of cilia, but by direct disruption of the actin cytoskeleton. Consistent with this, Wdpcp mutant cochlea has normal kinocilia and yet exhibits PCP defects. Together, these findings provide the first evidence, to our knowledge, that a PCP component required for ciliogenesis can directly modulate the actin cytoskeleton to regulate cell polarity and directional cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Cui
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Bishwanath Chatterjee
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Thomas P. Lozito
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Richard J. Francis
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Hisato Yagi
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Lisa M. Swanhart
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Subramaniam Sanker
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Deanne Francis
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Qing Yu
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jovenal T. San Agustin
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical Center, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Chandrakala Puligilla
- Section on Developmental Neuroscience, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Tania Chatterjee
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Terry Tansey
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Xiaoqin Liu
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Matthew W. Kelley
- Section on Developmental Neuroscience, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Elias T. Spiliotis
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Adam V. Kwiatkowski
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Rocky Tuan
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Gregory J. Pazour
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical Center, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Neil A. Hukriede
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Cecilia W. Lo
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
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23
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Carstensen M, Wiza C, Röhrig K, Fahlbusch P, Roden M, Herder C, Ouwens DM. Fibroblasts derive from hepatocytes in liver fibrosis via epithelial to mesenchymal transition. PLoS One 2007; 9:e85906. [PMID: 24465779 PMCID: PMC3897555 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0085906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Accepted: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Secreted frizzled-related protein 5 (Sfrp5) is an adipokine with anti-inflammatory and insulin-sensitizing properties in mice. However, the mechanism of Sfrp5 action, especially in humans, is largely unknown. Therefore, cytokine release and insulin signaling were analyzed to investigate the impact of Sfrp5 on inflammation and insulin signaling in primary human adipocytes and skeletal muscle cells (hSkMC). Sfrp5 neither affected interleukin (IL)-6, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and adiponectin release from human adipocytes, nor IL-6 and IL-8 release from hSkMC. In tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α-treated adipocytes, Sfrp5 reduced IL-6 release by 49% (p<0.05), but did not affect MCP-1 and adiponectin release. In MCP-1-treated hSkMC, Sfrp5 did not affect cytokine secretion. In untreated adipocytes, Sfrp5 decreased the insulin-mediated phosphorylation of Akt-Ser473, Akt-Thr308, GSK3α-Ser21 and PRAS40-Thr246 by 34% (p<0.01), 31% (p<0.05), 37% (p<0.05) and 34% (p<0.01), respectively, and the stimulation of glucose uptake by 25% (p<0.05). Incubation with TNFα increased the phosphorylation of JNK and NFκB, and impaired insulin signaling. When Sfrp5 and TNFα were combined, there was no additional effect on insulin signaling and JNK phosphorylation, but phosphorylation of NFκB was reversed to basal levels. Sfrp5 had no effect on insulin signaling in untreated or in MCP-1 treated hSkMC. Thus, Sfrp5 lowered IL-6 release and NFκB phosphorylation in cytokine-treated human adipocytes, but not under normal conditions, and decreased insulin signaling in untreated human adipocytes. Sfrp5 did not act on hSkMC. Therefore, the cellular actions of Sfrp5 seem to depend on the type of tissue as well as its inflammatory and metabolic state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maren Carstensen
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Claudia Wiza
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Karin Röhrig
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Pia Fahlbusch
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Michael Roden
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christian Herder
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Düsseldorf, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - D. Margriet Ouwens
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Endocrinology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
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