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Wang C, Su NW, Hsu K, Kao CW, Chang MC, Chang YF, Lim KH, Chiang YH, Chang YC, Sung MT, Wu HH, Chen CG. The implication of serum HLA-G in angiogenesis of multiple myeloma. Mol Med 2024; 30:86. [PMID: 38877399 PMCID: PMC11177474 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-024-00860-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the advances of therapies, multiple myeloma (MM) remains an incurable hematological cancer that most patients experience relapse. Tumor angiogenesis is strongly correlated with cancer relapse. Human leukocyte antigen G (HLA-G) has been known as a molecule to suppress angiogenesis. We aimed to investigate whether soluble HLA-G (sHLA-G) was involved in the relapse of MM. METHODS We first investigated the dynamics of serum sHLA-G, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) in 57 successfully treated MM patients undergoing remission and relapse. The interactions among these angiogenesis-related targets (sHLA-G, VEGF and IL-6) were examined in vitro. Their expression at different oxygen concentrations was investigated using a xenograft animal model by intra-bone marrow and skin grafts with myeloma cells. RESULTS We found that HLA-G protein degradation augmented angiogenesis. Soluble HLA-G directly inhibited vasculature formation in vitro. Mechanistically, HLA-G expression was regulated by hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) in MM cells under hypoxia. We thus developed two mouse models of myeloma xenografts in intra-bone marrow (BM) and underneath the skin, and found a strong correlation between HLA-G and HIF-1α expressions in hypoxic BM, but not in oxygenated tissues. Yet when stimulated with IL-6, both HLA-G and HIF-1α could be targeted to ubiquitin-mediated degradation via PARKIN. CONCLUSION These results highlight the importance of sHLA-G in angiogenesis at different phases of multiple myeloma. The experimental evidence that sHLA-G as an angiogenesis suppressor in MM may be useful for future development of novel therapies to prevent relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital, New Taipei, 25160, Taiwan
| | - Nai-Wen Su
- Department of Hematology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, 10449, Taiwan
- Nursing, and Management, MacKay Junior College of Medicine, New Taipei, 25245, Taiwan
| | - Kate Hsu
- Nursing, and Management, MacKay Junior College of Medicine, New Taipei, 25245, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, 25245, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Mackay Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, 25160, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Wei Kao
- Department of Hematology, GCRC Laboratory, Mackay Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, 25160, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chih Chang
- Department of Hematology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, 10449, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, 25245, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Fang Chang
- Department of Hematology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, 10449, Taiwan
- Department of Hematology, GCRC Laboratory, Mackay Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, 25160, Taiwan
| | - Ken-Hong Lim
- Department of Hematology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, 10449, Taiwan
- Department of Hematology, GCRC Laboratory, Mackay Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, 25160, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, 25245, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hao Chiang
- Department of Hematology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, 10449, Taiwan
- Department of Hematology, GCRC Laboratory, Mackay Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, 25160, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, 25245, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Cheng Chang
- Department of Hematology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, 10449, Taiwan
- Department of Hematology, GCRC Laboratory, Mackay Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, 25160, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, 25245, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Ta Sung
- Department of Hematology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, 10449, Taiwan
| | - Hsueh-Hsia Wu
- Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan
| | - Caleb G Chen
- Department of Hematology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, 10449, Taiwan.
- Nursing, and Management, MacKay Junior College of Medicine, New Taipei, 25245, Taiwan.
- Department of Hematology, GCRC Laboratory, Mackay Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, 25160, Taiwan.
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan.
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Hasanali ZS, Garfall AL, Burzenski L, Shultz LD, Tang Y, Kadu S, Sheppard NC, Liu W, Dopkin D, Vogl DT, Cohen AD, Waxman AJ, Susanibar-Adaniya SP, Carroll M, Stadtmauer EA, Allman D. Human IL-6 fosters long-term engraftment of patient-derived disease-driving myeloma cells in immunodeficient mice. JCI Insight 2024; 9:e177300. [PMID: 38713510 PMCID: PMC11141932 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.177300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma is a largely incurable and life-threatening malignancy of antibody-secreting plasma cells. An effective and widely available animal model that recapitulates human myeloma and related plasma cell disorders is lacking. We show that busulfan-conditioned human IL-6-transgenic (hIL-6-transgenic) NSG (NSG+hIL6) mice reliably support the engraftment of malignant and premalignant human plasma cells, including from patients diagnosed with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance, pre- and postrelapse myeloma, plasma cell leukemia, and amyloid light chain amyloidosis. Consistent with human disease, NSG+hIL6 mice engrafted with patient-derived myeloma cells developed serum M spikes, and a majority developed anemia, hypercalcemia, and/or bone lesions. Single-cell RNA sequencing showed nonmalignant and malignant cell engraftment, the latter expressing a wide array of mRNAs associated with myeloma cell survival and proliferation. Myeloma-engrafted mice given CAR T cells targeting plasma cells or bortezomib experienced reduced tumor burden. Our results establish NSG+hIL6 mice as an effective patient-derived xenograft model for study and preclinical drug development of multiple myeloma and related plasma cell disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zainul S. Hasanali
- Division of Hematology Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Alfred L. Garfall
- Division of Hematology Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | | | - Yan Tang
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies
| | | | - Neil C. Sheppard
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, and
| | - Wei Liu
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies
| | - Derek Dopkin
- Stem Cell and Xenograft Core Facility, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Dan T. Vogl
- Division of Hematology Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Adam D. Cohen
- Division of Hematology Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Adam J. Waxman
- Division of Hematology Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Martin Carroll
- Division of Hematology Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Stem Cell and Xenograft Core Facility, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Edward A. Stadtmauer
- Division of Hematology Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - David Allman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, and
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3
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Hasanali ZS, Garfall AL, Burzenski L, Shultz LD, Tang Y, Kadu S, Sheppard NC, Dopkin D, Vogl DT, Cohen AD, Waxman AJ, Susanibar-Adaniya SP, Carroll M, Stadtmauer EA, Allman D. Human IL-6 fosters long-term engraftment of patient derived disease-driving myeloma cells in immunodeficient mice. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.21.576547. [PMID: 38328086 PMCID: PMC10849475 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.21.576547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma is a largely incurable and life-threatening malignancy of antibody-secreting plasma cells. An effective and widely available animal model that recapitulates human myeloma and related plasma cell disorders is lacking. We show that busulfan-conditioned hIL-6 transgenic NSG mice (NSG+hIL6) reliably support the engraftment of malignant and pre-malignant human plasma cells including from patients diagnosed with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance, pre- and post-relapse myeloma, plasma cell leukemia, and AL amyloidosis. Consistent with human disease, NSG+hIL6 mice engrafted with patient-derived myeloma cells, developed serum M spikes, and a majority developed anemia, hypercalcemia, and/or bone lesions. Single cell RNA sequencing showed non-malignant and malignant cell engraftment, the latter expressing a wide array of mRNAs associated with myeloma cell survival and proliferation. Myeloma engrafted mice given CAR T-cells targeting plasma cells or bortezomib experienced reduced tumor burden. Our results establish NSG+hIL6 mice as an effective patient derived xenograft model for study and preclinical drug development of multiple myeloma and related plasma cell disorders.
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4
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Lang Y, Lyu Y, Tan Y, Hu Z. Progress in construction of mouse models to investigate the pathogenesis and immune therapy of human hematological malignancy. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1195194. [PMID: 37646021 PMCID: PMC10461088 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1195194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Hematological malignancy is a disease arisen by complicate reasons that seriously endangers human health. The research on its pathogenesis and therapies depends on the usage of animal models. Conventional animal model cannot faithfully mirror some characteristics of human features due to the evolutionary divergence, whereas the mouse models hosting human hematological malignancy are more and more applied in basic as well as translational investigations in recent years. According to the construction methods, they can be divided into different types (e.g. cell-derived xenograft (CDX) and patient-derived xenograft model (PDX) model) that have diverse characteristics and application values. In addition, a variety of strategies have been developed to improve human hematological malignant cell engraftment and differentiation in vivo. Moreover, the humanized mouse model with both functional human immune system and autologous human hematological malignancy provides a unique tool for the evaluation of the efficacy of novel immunotherapeutic drugs/approaches. Herein, we first review the evolution of the mouse model of human hematological malignancy; Then, we analyze the characteristics of different types of models and summarize the ways to improve the models; Finally, the way and value of humanized mouse model of human immune system in the immunotherapy of human hematological malignancy are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Lang
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Department of Dermatology, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yanan Lyu
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yehui Tan
- Department of Hematology, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zheng Hu
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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5
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Pal S, Perrien DS, Yumoto T, Faccio R, Stoica A, Adams J, Coopersmith CM, Jones RM, Weitzmann MN, Pacifici R. The microbiome restrains melanoma bone growth by promoting intestinal NK and Th1 cell homing to bone. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:e157340. [PMID: 35503658 PMCID: PMC9197523 DOI: 10.1172/jci157340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone metastases are frequent complications of malignant melanoma leading to reduced quality of life and significant morbidity. Regulation of immune cells by the gut microbiome influences cancer progression, but the role of the microbiome in tumor growth in bone is unknown. Using intracardiac or intratibial injections of B16-F10 melanoma cells into mice, we showed that gut microbiome depletion by broad-spectrum antibiotics accelerated intraosseous tumor growth and osteolysis. Microbiome depletion blunted melanoma-induced expansion of intestinal NK cells and Th1 cells and their migration from the gut to tumor-bearing bones. Demonstrating the functional relevance of immune cell trafficking from the gut to the bone marrow (BM) in bone metastasis, blockade of S1P-mediated intestinal egress of NK and Th1 cells, or inhibition of their CXCR3/CXCL9-mediated influx into the BM, prevented the expansion of BM NK and Th1 cells and accelerated tumor growth and osteolysis. Using a mouse model, this study revealed mechanisms of microbiota-mediated gut-bone crosstalk that are relevant to the immunological restraint of melanoma metastasis and tumor growth in bone. Microbiome modifications induced by antibiotics might have negative clinical consequences in patients with melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhashis Pal
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipids, Department of Medicine, and
- Emory Microbiome Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Daniel S. Perrien
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipids, Department of Medicine, and
- Emory Microbiome Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Tetsuya Yumoto
- Department of Surgery and Emory Critical Care Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Roberta Faccio
- Department of Orthopedics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Andreea Stoica
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipids, Department of Medicine, and
- Emory Microbiome Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jonathan Adams
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipids, Department of Medicine, and
- Emory Microbiome Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Craig M. Coopersmith
- Emory Microbiome Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Department of Surgery and Emory Critical Care Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Rheinallt M. Jones
- Emory Microbiome Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - M. Neale Weitzmann
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipids, Department of Medicine, and
- Emory Microbiome Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Atlanta VA Health Care System, Department of Veterans Affairs, Decatur, Georgia, USA
| | - Roberto Pacifici
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipids, Department of Medicine, and
- Emory Microbiome Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Immunology and Molecular Pathogenesis Program, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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6
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Wu Z, Wu L, Zou L, Wang M, Liu X. Metformin induces myeloma cells necrosis and apoptosis and it is considered for therapeutic use. J Chemother 2022; 35:131-141. [PMID: 35427214 DOI: 10.1080/1120009x.2022.2062895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence, especially in solid tumor, indicated that metformin possessed the potential ability in the proliferation of cancer cells. However, its effects on myeloma cells were relatively rarely clarified. To evaluate the anti-cancer effects of metformin against dexamethasone-resistant and -sensitive myeloma cells. The effects of metformin on myeloma cell lines, including dexamethasone-resistant U266, H929, RPMI 8226 and dexamethasone-sensitive MM.1s, were investigated using the cell counting kit-8 assay for cell proliferation. Apoptosis, necrosis, cell cycle arrest, and cell death mechanisms were explored via flow cytometry (FCM) and Western blot. In addition, the anti-myeloma activity was evaluated in vivo via non-obese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficiency xenograft mouse models. Metformin inhibited proliferation in a dose and time-dependent manner in all the cell lines, while dexamethasone only affected the viability of MM1.s cells. The FCM detection displayed that metformin induced apoptosis in H929, RPMI8226 and MM.1s cells, while for U266 cells, it induced necrosis with Annexin V-/Propidium iodide+. The cell cycle assays showed that metformin arrested G0/G1 phase of H929 and MM.1s cells, or G2/M phase of RPMI8226 cells, but showed no effect on U226 cells. Western blotting analyses demonstrated that the apoptosis-related protein of cleaved caspase 3 was activated; the expressions of Mcl-1, IGF-1R, PI3K, pAKT, and pmTOR proteins were inhibited by metformin in H929, RPMI8226, and MM.1s cells. The necrosis-related protein of iNOS increased in U266 cells while metformin treated. In vivo assay indicated metformin decreased U266 and H929 growth in bone marrow, and thus prolonged mice survival. These data suggested that metformin inhibited the proliferation of myeloma cells via inducing necrosis and apoptosis. This finding indicated that metformin may be served as a potent adjuvant in treating multiple myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhentian Wu
- Department of Hematology & Oncology, Ningde Mindong Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fu’an city, Fujian Province, China
| | - Lianghua Wu
- Department of Hematology & Oncology, Ningde Mindong Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fu’an city, Fujian Province, China
| | - Liangliang Zou
- Department of Hematology & Oncology, Ningde Mindong Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fu’an city, Fujian Province, China
| | - Muqing Wang
- Department of Hematology & Oncology, Ningde Mindong Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fu’an city, Fujian Province, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Hematology & Oncology, Ningde Mindong Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fu’an city, Fujian Province, China
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7
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Mehdi SH, Morris CA, Lee JA, Yoon D. An Improved Animal Model of Multiple Myeloma Bone Disease. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4277. [PMID: 34503090 PMCID: PMC8428359 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13174277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a plasma cell malignancy that causes an accumulation of terminally differentiated monoclonal plasma cells in the bone marrow, accompanied by multiple myeloma bone disease (MMBD). MM animal models have been developed and enable to interrogate the mechanism of MM tumorigenesis. However, these models demonstrate little or no evidence of MMBD. We try to establish the MMBD model with severe bone lesions and easily accessible MM progression. 1 × 106 luciferase-expressing 5TGM1 cells were injected into 8-12 week-old NOD SCID gamma mouse (NSG) and C57BL/KaLwRij mouse via the tail vein. Myeloma progression was assessed weekly via in vivo bioluminescence (BL) imaging using IVIS-200. The spine and femur/tibia were extracted and scanned by the micro-computer tomography for bone histo-morphometric analyses at the postmortem. The median survivals were 56 days in NSG while 44.5 days in C57BL/KaLwRij agreed with the BL imaging results. Histomorphic and DEXA analyses demonstrated that NSG mice have severe bone resorption that occurred at the lumbar spine but no significance at the femur compared to C57BL/KaLwRij mice. Based on these, we conclude that the systemic 5TGM1 injected NSG mouse slowly progresses myeloma and develops more severe MMBD than the C57BL/KaLwRij model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Hassan Mehdi
- Myeloma Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA;
| | - Carol A Morris
- Graduate Program in Interdisciplinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA;
| | - Jung Ae Lee
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA;
| | - Donghoon Yoon
- Myeloma Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA;
- Graduate Program in Interdisciplinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA;
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8
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Pisano M, Cheng Y, Sun F, Dhakal B, D’Souza A, Chhabra S, Knight JM, Rao S, Zhan F, Hari P, Janz S. Laboratory Mice - A Driving Force in Immunopathology and Immunotherapy Studies of Human Multiple Myeloma. Front Immunol 2021; 12:667054. [PMID: 34149703 PMCID: PMC8206561 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.667054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mouse models of human cancer provide an important research tool for elucidating the natural history of neoplastic growth and developing new treatment and prevention approaches. This is particularly true for multiple myeloma (MM), a common and largely incurable neoplasm of post-germinal center, immunoglobulin-producing B lymphocytes, called plasma cells, that reside in the hematopoietic bone marrow (BM) and cause osteolytic lesions and kidney failure among other forms of end-organ damage. The most widely used mouse models used to aid drug and immunotherapy development rely on in vivo propagation of human myeloma cells in immunodeficient hosts (xenografting) or myeloma-like mouse plasma cells in immunocompetent hosts (autografting). Both strategies have made and continue to make valuable contributions to preclinical myeloma, including immune research, yet are ill-suited for studies on tumor development (oncogenesis). Genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs), such as the widely known Vκ*MYC, may overcome this shortcoming because plasma cell tumors (PCTs) develop de novo (spontaneously) in a highly predictable fashion and accurately recapitulate many hallmarks of human myeloma. Moreover, PCTs arise in an intact organism able to mount a complete innate and adaptive immune response and tumor development reproduces the natural course of human myelomagenesis, beginning with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), progressing to smoldering myeloma (SMM), and eventually transitioning to frank neoplasia. Here we review the utility of transplantation-based and transgenic mouse models of human MM for research on immunopathology and -therapy of plasma cell malignancies, discuss strengths and weaknesses of different experimental approaches, and outline opportunities for closing knowledge gaps, improving the outcome of patients with myeloma, and working towards a cure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Pisano
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Yan Cheng
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Fumou Sun
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Binod Dhakal
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Anita D’Souza
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Saurabh Chhabra
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Jennifer M. Knight
- Departments of Psychiatry, Medicine, and Microbiology & Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Sridhar Rao
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Marrow Transplant, Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Fenghuang Zhan
- Myeloma Center, Department of Internal Medicine and Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Parameswaran Hari
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Siegfried Janz
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
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9
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Current Understanding of Myelomatous Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Extended through Advances in Experimental Methods. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 13:cancers13010025. [PMID: 33374627 PMCID: PMC7793501 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13010025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary As the amount of information available has grown, now it is known that many types of non-hematopoietic cells, including mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells, mature mesenchymal cells, and endothelial cells, as well as mature hematopoietic cells such as monocytes, macrophages, T-cells, and B-cells, have roles in the pathogenesis of multiple myeloma. This review focuses on the role of mesenchymal cells in the microenvironment of multiple myeloma. We summarize the experimental strategies and current understanding of the biological roles in the pathogenesis of myeloma. Furthermore, we discuss the possible clinical applications targeting mesenchymal cells. Abstract Multiple myeloma is an incurable cancer formed by malignant plasma cells. For the proliferation and survival of myeloma cells, as well as the occurrence of the complications, numerous intra- and extra-cellular mechanisms are involved. The interaction of myeloma cells with the microenvironment is known to be one of the most critical mechanisms. A specific microenvironment could affect the progression and growth of tumor cells, as well as drug resistance. Among various microenvironment components, such as hematological and non-hematological cells, and soluble factors (cytokines, chemokines, and extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins), in this review, we focus on the role of mesenchymal cells. We aimed to summarize the experimental strategies used for conducting studies and current understanding of the biological roles in the pathogenesis of myeloma. Furthermore, we discuss the possible clinical applications targeting mesenchymal cells.
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Schueler J, Greve G, Lenhard D, Pantic M, Edinger A, Oswald E, Luebbert M. Impact of the Injection Site on Growth Characteristics, Phenotype and Sensitivity towards Cytarabine of Twenty Acute Leukaemia Patient-Derived Xenograft Models. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12051349. [PMID: 32466316 PMCID: PMC7281503 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12051349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Rodent models have contributed significantly to the understanding of haematological malignancies. One important model system in this context are patient-derived xenografts (PDX). In the current study, we examined 20 acute leukaemia PDX models for growth behaviour, infiltration in haemopoietic organs and sensitivity towards cytarabine. PDX were injected intratibially (i.t.), intrasplenicaly (i.s.) or subcutaneously (s.c.) into immune compromised mice. For 18/20 models the engraftment capacity was independent of the implantation site. Two models could exclusively be propagated in one or two specific settings. The implantation site did influence tumour growth kinetics as median overall survival differed within one model depending on the injection route. The infiltration pattern was similar in i.t. and i.s. models. In contrast to the s.c. implantation, only one model displayed circulating leukaemic cells outside of the locally growing tumour mass. Cytarabine was active in all four tested models. Nevertheless, the degree of sensitivity was specific for an individual model and implantation site. In summary, all three application routes turned out to be feasible for the propagation of PDX. Nevertheless, the distinct differences between the settings highlight the need for well characterized platforms to ensure the meaningful interpretation of data generated using those powerful tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Schueler
- Charles River Discovery Research Services Germany GmbH, Am Flughafen 12-14, 79108 Freiburg, Germany; (D.L.); (A.E.); (E.O.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Gabriele Greve
- Department of Medicine I, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (G.G.); (M.P.); (M.L.)
| | - Dorothée Lenhard
- Charles River Discovery Research Services Germany GmbH, Am Flughafen 12-14, 79108 Freiburg, Germany; (D.L.); (A.E.); (E.O.)
| | - Milena Pantic
- Department of Medicine I, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (G.G.); (M.P.); (M.L.)
| | - Anna Edinger
- Charles River Discovery Research Services Germany GmbH, Am Flughafen 12-14, 79108 Freiburg, Germany; (D.L.); (A.E.); (E.O.)
| | - Eva Oswald
- Charles River Discovery Research Services Germany GmbH, Am Flughafen 12-14, 79108 Freiburg, Germany; (D.L.); (A.E.); (E.O.)
| | - Michael Luebbert
- Department of Medicine I, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (G.G.); (M.P.); (M.L.)
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11
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Sriskandarajah P, De Haven Brandon A, MacLeod K, Carragher NO, Kirkin V, Kaiser M, Whittaker SR. Combined targeting of MEK and the glucocorticoid receptor for the treatment of RAS-mutant multiple myeloma. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:269. [PMID: 32228485 PMCID: PMC7106683 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-06735-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple myeloma (MM) remains incurable despite recent therapeutic advances. RAS mutations are frequently associated with relapsed/refractory disease. Efforts to target the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway with the MEK inhibitor, trametinib (Tra) have been limited by toxicities and the development of resistance. Dexamethasone (Dex) is a corticosteroid commonly used in clinical practice, to enhance efficacy of anti-myeloma therapy. Therefore, we hypothesised that the combination of Tra and Dex would yield synergistic activity in RAS-mutant MM. METHODS The response of human MM cell lines to drug treatment was analysed using cell proliferation assays, Western blotting, Annexin V and propidium iodide staining by flow cytometry and reverse phase protein arrays. The efficacy of trametinib and dexamethasone treatment in the MM.1S xenograft model was assessed by measuring tumor volume over time. RESULTS The Tra/Dex combination demonstrated synergistic cytotoxicity in KRASG12A mutant lines MM.1S and RPMI-8226. The induction of apoptosis was associated with decreased MCL-1 expression and increased BIM expression. Reverse phase proteomic arrays revealed suppression of FAK, PYK2, FLT3, NDRG1 and 4EBP1 phosphorylation with the Tra/Dex combination. Notably, NDRG1 expression was associated with the synergistic response to Tra/Dex. MM cells were sensitive to PDK1 inhibition and IGF1-induced signalling partially protected from Tra/Dex treatment, highlighting the importance of this pathway. In the MM.1S tumor xenograft model, only the combination of Tra/Dex resulted in a significant inhibition of tumor growth. CONCLUSIONS Overall Tra/Dex demonstrates antiproliferative activity in RAS-mutant MM cell lines associated with suppression of pro-survival PDK1 signalling and engagement of apoptotic pathways. Our data support further investigation of this combination in RAS-mutant MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Sriskandarajah
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP, UK.,The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | | | - Kenneth MacLeod
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Neil O Carragher
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Vladimir Kirkin
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Martin Kaiser
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Steven R Whittaker
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP, UK.
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12
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Kohart NA, Elshafae SM, Supsahvad W, Alasonyalilar-Demirer A, Panfil AR, Xiang J, Dirksen WP, Veis DJ, Green PL, Weilbaecher KN, Rosol TJ. Mouse model recapitulates the phenotypic heterogeneity of human adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma in bone. J Bone Oncol 2019; 19:100257. [PMID: 31871882 PMCID: PMC6911918 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbo.2019.100257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma has a unique relationship to bone including latency in the marrow, and development of bone invasion, osteolytic tumors and humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy. To study these conditions, we established and characterized a novel mouse model of ATL bone metastasis. Patient-derived ATL cell lines including three that do not express HTLV-1 oncoprotein Tax (ATL-ED, RV-ATL, TL-Om1), an in vitro transformed human T-cell line with high Tax expression (HT-1RV), and an HTLV-1 negative T-cell lymphoma (Jurkat) were injected intratibially into NSG mice, and were capable of proliferating and modifying the bone microenvironment. Radiography, μCT, histopathology, immunohistochemistry, plasma calcium concentrations, and qRT-PCR for several tumor-bone signaling mRNAs were performed. Luciferase-positive ATL-ED bone tumors allowed for in vivo imaging and visualization of bone tumor growth and metastasis over time. ATL-ED and HT-1RV cells caused mixed osteolytic/osteoblastic bone tumors, TL-Om1 cells exhibited minimal bone involvement and aggressive local invasion into the adjacent soft tissues, Jurkat cells proliferated within bone marrow and induced minimal bone cell response, and RV-ATL cells caused marked osteolysis. This mouse model revealed important mechanisms of human ATL bone neoplasms and will be useful to investigate biological interactions, potential therapeutic targets, and new bone-targeted agents for the prevention of ATL metastases to bone.
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Key Words
- ATL, adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma
- Bone resorption
- HHM, humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy
- HTLV-1
- HTLV-1, Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1
- Hbz, HTLV-1 basic zipper protein
- Lymphoma
- Metastasis
- Mouse model
- NK, natural killer
- NOD, non-obese diabetic
- NSG, NOD-scid IL2Rgammanull
- SCID, CB17-Prkdcscid
- Tax, transcriptional activator from the X region
- qRT-PCR, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction
- μCT, micro-computed tomography
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole A. Kohart
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Said M. Elshafae
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Kalyubia 3736, Egypt
| | - Wachirapan Supsahvad
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Aylin Alasonyalilar-Demirer
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bursa Uludag University, 16059 Bursa, Turkey
| | - Amanda R. Panfil
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Jingyu Xiang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Wessel P. Dirksen
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Deborah J. Veis
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Patrick L. Green
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Katherine N. Weilbaecher
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Thomas J. Rosol
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, 225 Irvine Hall, Athens, OH 45701, USA
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13
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Paton-Hough J, Tazzyman S, Evans H, Lath D, Down JM, Green AC, Snowden JA, Chantry AD, Lawson MA. Preventing and Repairing Myeloma Bone Disease by Combining Conventional Antiresorptive Treatment With a Bone Anabolic Agent in Murine Models. J Bone Miner Res 2019; 34:783-796. [PMID: 30320927 PMCID: PMC6607020 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma is a plasma cell malignancy, which develops in the bone marrow and frequently leads to severe bone destruction. Current antiresorptive therapies to treat the bone disease do little to repair damaged bone; therefore, new treatment strategies incorporating bone anabolic therapies are urgently required. We hypothesized that combination therapy using the standard of care antiresorptive zoledronic acid (Zol) with a bone anabolic (anti-TGFβ/1D11) would be more effective at treating myeloma-induced bone disease than Zol therapy alone. JJN3 myeloma-bearing mice (n = 8/group) treated with combined Zol and 1D11 resulted in a 48% increase (p ≤ 0.001) in trabecular bone volume (BV/TV) compared with Zol alone and a 65% increase (p ≤ 0.0001) compared with 1D11 alone. Our most significant finding was the substantial repair of U266-induced osteolytic bone lesions with combination therapy (n = 8/group), which resulted in a significant reduction in lesion area compared with vehicle (p ≤ 0.01) or Zol alone (p ≤ 0.01). These results demonstrate that combined antiresorptive and bone anabolic therapy is significantly more effective at preventing myeloma-induced bone disease than Zol alone. Furthermore, we demonstrate that combined therapy is able to repair established myelomatous bone lesions. This is a highly translational strategy that could significantly improve bone outcomes and quality of life for patients with myeloma. © 2018 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research Published by Wiley Periodicals Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Paton-Hough
- Sheffield Myeloma Research Team, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.,Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, University of Sheffield Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Simon Tazzyman
- Sheffield Myeloma Research Team, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.,Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, University of Sheffield Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Holly Evans
- Sheffield Myeloma Research Team, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.,Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, University of Sheffield Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Darren Lath
- Sheffield Myeloma Research Team, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.,Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, University of Sheffield Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Jenny M Down
- Sheffield Myeloma Research Team, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.,Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, University of Sheffield Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Alanna C Green
- Sheffield Myeloma Research Team, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.,Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, University of Sheffield Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - John A Snowden
- Department of Haematology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, UK
| | - Andrew D Chantry
- Sheffield Myeloma Research Team, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.,Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, University of Sheffield Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.,Department of Haematology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, UK
| | - Michelle A Lawson
- Sheffield Myeloma Research Team, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.,Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, University of Sheffield Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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14
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Nakagawa M, Fujita S, Katsumoto T, Yamagata K, Ogawara Y, Hattori A, Kagiyama Y, Honma D, Araki K, Inoue T, Kato A, Inaki K, Wada C, Ono Y, Yamamoto M, Miura O, Nakashima Y, Kitabayashi I. Dual inhibition of enhancer of zeste homolog 1/2 overactivates WNT signaling to deplete cancer stem cells in multiple myeloma. Cancer Sci 2018; 110:194-208. [PMID: 30343511 PMCID: PMC6317945 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable hematological malignancy caused by accumulation of abnormal clonal plasma cells. Despite the recent development of novel therapies, relapse of MM eventually occurs as a result of a remaining population of drug‐resistant myeloma stem cells. Side population (SP) cells show cancer stem cell‐like characteristics in MM; thus, targeting these cells is a promising strategy to completely cure this malignancy. Herein, we showed that SP cells expressed higher levels of enhancer of zeste homolog (EZH) 1 and EZH2, which encode the catalytic subunits of Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2), than non‐SP cells, suggesting that EZH1 as well as EZH2 contributes to the stemness maintenance of the MM cells and that targeting both EZH1/2 is potentially a significant therapeutic approach for eradicating myeloma stem cells. A novel orally bioavailable EZH1/2 dual inhibitor, OR‐S1, effectively eradicated SP cells and had a greater antitumor effect than a selective EZH2 inhibitor in vitro and in vivo, including a unique patient‐derived xenograft model. Moreover, long‐term continuous dosing of OR‐S1 completely cured mice bearing orthotopic xenografts. Additionally, PRC2 directly regulated WNT signaling in MM, and overactivation of this signaling induced by dual inhibition of EZH1/2 eradicated myeloma stem cells and negatively affected tumorigenesis, suggesting that repression of WNT signaling by PRC2 plays an important role in stemness maintenance of MM cells. Our results show the role of EZH1/2 in the maintenance of myeloma stem cells and provide a preclinical rationale for therapeutic application of OR‐S1, leading to significant advances in the treatment of MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Nakagawa
- Division of Hematological Malignancy, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shuhei Fujita
- Division of Hematological Malignancy, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuo Katsumoto
- Division of Hematological Malignancy, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazutsune Yamagata
- Division of Hematological Malignancy, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoko Ogawara
- Division of Hematological Malignancy, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayuna Hattori
- Division of Hematological Malignancy, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Kagiyama
- Division of Hematological Malignancy, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan.,Laboratory of Oncology, School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Honma
- Oncology Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazushi Araki
- Oncology Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Inoue
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics Research Group, Discovery Science and Technology Department, Daiichi Sankyo RD Novare Co., Ltd, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayako Kato
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics Research Group, Discovery Science and Technology Department, Daiichi Sankyo RD Novare Co., Ltd, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichiro Inaki
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics Research Group, Discovery Science and Technology Department, Daiichi Sankyo RD Novare Co., Ltd, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chisa Wada
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics Research Group, Discovery Science and Technology Department, Daiichi Sankyo RD Novare Co., Ltd, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshimasa Ono
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics Research Group, Discovery Science and Technology Department, Daiichi Sankyo RD Novare Co., Ltd, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahide Yamamoto
- Department of Hematology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Osamu Miura
- Department of Hematology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuharu Nakashima
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Issay Kitabayashi
- Division of Hematological Malignancy, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
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15
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Rossi M, Botta C, Arbitrio M, Grembiale RD, Tagliaferri P, Tassone P. Mouse models of multiple myeloma: technologic platforms and perspectives. Oncotarget 2018; 9:20119-20133. [PMID: 29732008 PMCID: PMC5929451 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Murine models of human multiple myeloma (MM) are key tools for the study of disease biology as well as for investigation and selection of novel candidate therapeutics for clinical translation. In the last years, a variety of pre-clinical models have been generated to recapitulate a wide spectrum of biological features of MM. These systems range from spontaneous or transgenic models of murine MM, to subcutaneous or orthothopic xenografts of human MM cell lines in immune compromised animals, to platform allowing the engraftment of primary/bone marrow-dependent MM cells within a human bone marrow milieu to fully recapitulate human disease. Selecting the right model for specific pre-clinical research is essential for the successful completion of investigation. We here review recent and most known pre-clinical murine, transgenic and humanized models of MM, focusing on major advantages and/or weaknesses in the light of different research aims.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Rossi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, "Magna Graecia" University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Cirino Botta
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, "Magna Graecia" University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Mariamena Arbitrio
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, "Magna Graecia" University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | | | - Pierosandro Tagliaferri
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, "Magna Graecia" University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Pierfrancesco Tassone
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, "Magna Graecia" University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.,Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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16
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Lawson MA, Ebetino FH, Mazur A, Chantry AD, Paton-Hough J, Evans HR, Lath D, Tsoumpra MK, Lundy MW, Dobson RL, Quijano M, Kwaasi AA, Dunford JE, Duan X, Triffitt JT, Jeans G, Russell RGG. The Pharmacological Profile of a Novel Highly Potent Bisphosphonate, OX14 (1-Fluoro-2-(Imidazo-[1,2-α]Pyridin-3-yl)-Ethyl-Bisphosphonate). J Bone Miner Res 2017; 32:1860-1869. [PMID: 28337806 PMCID: PMC5596338 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Bisphosphonates are widely used in the treatment of clinical disorders characterized by increased bone resorption, including osteoporosis, Paget's disease, and the skeletal complications of malignancy. The antiresorptive potency of the nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates on bone in vivo is now recognized to depend upon two key properties, namely mineral binding affinity and inhibitory activity on farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase (FPPS), and these properties vary independently of each other in individual bisphosphonates. The better understanding of structure activity relationships among the bisphosphonates has enabled us to design a series of novel bisphosphonates with a range of mineral binding properties and antiresorptive potencies. Among these is a highly potent bisphosphonate, 1-fluoro-2-(imidazo-[1,2 alpha]pyridin-3-yl)-ethyl-bisphosphonate, also known as OX14, which is a strong inhibitor of FPPS, but has lower binding affinity for bone mineral than most of the commonly studied bisphosphonates. The aim of this work was to characterize OX14 pharmacologically in relation to several of the bisphosphonates currently used clinically. When OX14 was compared to zoledronate (ZOL), risedronate (RIS), and minodronate (MIN), it was as potent at inhibiting FPPS in vitro but had significantly lower binding affinity to hydroxyapatite (HAP) columns than ALN, ZOL, RIS, and MIN. When injected i.v. into growing Sprague Dawley rats, OX14 was excreted into the urine to a greater extent than the other bisphosphonates, indicating reduced short-term skeletal uptake and retention. In studies in both Sprague Dawley rats and C57BL/6J mice, OX14 inhibited bone resorption, with an antiresorptive potency equivalent to or greater than the comparator bisphosphonates. In the JJN3-NSG murine model of myeloma-induced bone disease, OX14 significantly prevented the formation of osteolytic lesions (p < 0.05). In summary, OX14 is a new, highly potent bisphosphonate with lower bone binding affinity than other clinically relevant bisphosphonates. This renders OX14 an interesting potential candidate for further development for its potential skeletal and nonskeletal benefits. © 2017 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle A Lawson
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Medical School, University of Sheffield, UK.,Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, Medical School, University of Sheffield, UK
| | - Frank H Ebetino
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Medical School, University of Sheffield, UK.,Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, Medical School, University of Sheffield, UK.,Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | | | - Andrew D Chantry
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Medical School, University of Sheffield, UK.,Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, Medical School, University of Sheffield, UK
| | - Julia Paton-Hough
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Medical School, University of Sheffield, UK.,Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, Medical School, University of Sheffield, UK
| | - Holly R Evans
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Medical School, University of Sheffield, UK.,Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, Medical School, University of Sheffield, UK
| | - Darren Lath
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Medical School, University of Sheffield, UK.,Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, Medical School, University of Sheffield, UK
| | - Maria K Tsoumpra
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Medical School, University of Sheffield, UK.,Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, Medical School, University of Sheffield, UK
| | - Mark W Lundy
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | | | | | - Aaron A Kwaasi
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, The Oxford University Institute of Musculoskeletal Sciences, The Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - James E Dunford
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, The Oxford University Institute of Musculoskeletal Sciences, The Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Xuchen Duan
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, The Oxford University Institute of Musculoskeletal Sciences, The Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - James T Triffitt
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, The Oxford University Institute of Musculoskeletal Sciences, The Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Oxford, UK
| | | | - R Graham G Russell
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Medical School, University of Sheffield, UK.,Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, Medical School, University of Sheffield, UK.,Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, The Oxford University Institute of Musculoskeletal Sciences, The Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Oxford, UK
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17
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Evans HR, Karmakharm T, Lawson MA, Walker RE, Harris W, Fellows C, Huggins ID, Richmond P, Chantry AD. Osteolytica: An automated image analysis software package that rapidly measures cancer-induced osteolytic lesions in in vivo models with greater reproducibility compared to other commonly used methods. Bone 2016; 83:9-16. [PMID: 26456145 PMCID: PMC4720217 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2015.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Revised: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Methods currently used to analyse osteolytic lesions caused by malignancies such as multiple myeloma and metastatic breast cancer vary from basic 2-D X-ray analysis to 2-D images of micro-CT datasets analysed with non-specialised image software such as ImageJ. However, these methods have significant limitations. They do not capture 3-D data, they are time-consuming and they often suffer from inter-user variability. We therefore sought to develop a rapid and reproducible method to analyse 3-D osteolytic lesions in mice with cancer-induced bone disease. To this end, we have developed Osteolytica, an image analysis software method featuring an easy to use, step-by-step interface to measure lytic bone lesions. Osteolytica utilises novel graphics card acceleration (parallel computing) and 3-D rendering to provide rapid reconstruction and analysis of osteolytic lesions. To evaluate the use of Osteolytica we analysed tibial micro-CT datasets from murine models of cancer-induced bone disease and compared the results to those obtained using a standard ImageJ analysis method. Firstly, to assess inter-user variability we deployed four independent researchers to analyse tibial datasets from the U266-NSG murine model of myeloma. Using ImageJ, inter-user variability between the bones was substantial (±19.6%), in contrast to using Osteolytica, which demonstrated minimal variability (±0.5%). Secondly, tibial datasets from U266-bearing NSG mice or BALB/c mice injected with the metastatic breast cancer cell line 4T1 were compared to tibial datasets from aged and sex-matched non-tumour control mice. Analyses by both Osteolytica and ImageJ showed significant increases in bone lesion area in tumour-bearing mice compared to control mice. These results confirm that Osteolytica performs as well as the current 2-D ImageJ osteolytic lesion analysis method. However, Osteolytica is advantageous in that it analyses over the entirety of the bone volume (as opposed to selected 2-D images), it is a more rapid method and it has less user variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- H R Evans
- Sheffield Myeloma Research Team, Department of Oncology, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK; Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK.
| | - T Karmakharm
- Department of Computer Science, University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield S1 4DP, UK.
| | - M A Lawson
- Sheffield Myeloma Research Team, Department of Oncology, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK; Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK.
| | - R E Walker
- Sheffield Myeloma Research Team, Department of Oncology, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK; Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK.
| | - W Harris
- Sheffield Myeloma Research Team, Department of Oncology, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK; Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK.
| | - C Fellows
- Sheffield Myeloma Research Team, Department of Oncology, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK; Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK.
| | - I D Huggins
- Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK.
| | - P Richmond
- Department of Computer Science, University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield S1 4DP, UK; Insigneo Institute for In silico Medicine, The Pam Liversige Building, Sir Frederick Mappin Building, University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK.
| | - A D Chantry
- Sheffield Myeloma Research Team, Department of Oncology, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK; Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK; Department of Haematology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Glossop Road, Sheffield S10 2JF, UK; Insigneo Institute for In silico Medicine, The Pam Liversige Building, Sir Frederick Mappin Building, University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK.
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18
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Reagan MR, Rosen CJ. Navigating the bone marrow niche: translational insights and cancer-driven dysfunction. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2015; 12:154-68. [PMID: 26607387 DOI: 10.1038/nrrheum.2015.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The bone marrow niche consists of stem and progenitor cells destined to become mature cells such as haematopoietic elements, osteoblasts or adipocytes. Marrow cells, influenced by endocrine, paracrine and autocrine factors, ultimately function as a unit to regulate bone remodelling and haematopoiesis. Current evidence highlights that the bone marrow niche is not merely an anatomic compartment; rather, it integrates the physiology of two distinct organ systems, the skeleton and the marrow. The niche has a hypoxic microenvironment that maintains quiescent haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and supports glycolytic metabolism. In response to biochemical cues and under the influence of neural, hormonal, and biochemical factors, marrow stromal elements, such as mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), differentiate into mature, functioning cells. However, disruption of the niche can affect cellular differentiation, resulting in disorders ranging from osteoporosis to malignancy. In this Review, we propose that the niche reflects the vitality of two tissues - bone and blood - by providing a unique environment for stem and stromal cells to flourish while simultaneously preventing disproportionate proliferation, malignant transformation or loss of the multipotent progenitors required for healing, functional immunity and growth throughout an organism's lifetime. Through a fuller understanding of the complexity of the niche in physiologic and pathologic states, the successful development of more-effective therapeutic approaches to target the niche and its cellular components for the treatment of rheumatic, endocrine, neoplastic and metabolic diseases becomes achievable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela R Reagan
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Centre Research Institute, 81 Research Drive, Scarborough, Maine 04074, USA
| | - Clifford J Rosen
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Centre Research Institute, 81 Research Drive, Scarborough, Maine 04074, USA
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19
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Paton-Hough J, Chantry AD, Lawson MA. A review of current murine models of multiple myeloma used to assess the efficacy of therapeutic agents on tumour growth and bone disease. Bone 2015; 77:57-68. [PMID: 25868800 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2015.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Revised: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Pre-clinical in vivo models of multiple myeloma are essential tools for investigating the pathophysiology of multiple myeloma and for testing new therapeutic agents and strategies prior to their potential use in clinical trials. Over the last five decades, several different types of murine models of multiple myeloma have been developed ranging from immunocompetent syngeneic models, e.g. the 5 T series of myeloma cells, to immunocompromised models including the SCID xenograft models, which use human myeloma cell lines or patient-derived cells. Other models include hybrid models featuring the implantation of SCID mice with bone chips (SCID-hu or SCID-rab) or 3-D bone scaffolds (SCID-synth-hu), and mice that have been genetically engineered to develop myeloma. Bearing in mind the differences in these models, it is not surprising that they reflect to varying degrees different aspects of myeloma. Here we review the past and present murine models of myeloma, with particular emphasis on their advantages and limitations, characteristics, and their use in testing therapeutic agents to treat myeloma tumour burden and bone disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Paton-Hough
- Sheffield Myeloma Research Team, Department of Oncology, The University of Sheffield, Medical School, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK.
| | - A D Chantry
- Sheffield Myeloma Research Team, Department of Oncology, The University of Sheffield, Medical School, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK.
| | - M A Lawson
- Sheffield Myeloma Research Team, Department of Oncology, The University of Sheffield, Medical School, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK.
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20
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Lawson MA, Paton-Hough JM, Evans HR, Walker RE, Harris W, Ratnabalan D, Snowden JA, Chantry AD. NOD/SCID-GAMMA mice are an ideal strain to assess the efficacy of therapeutic agents used in the treatment of myeloma bone disease. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0119546. [PMID: 25768011 PMCID: PMC4358985 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Animal models of multiple myeloma vary in terms of consistency of onset, degree of tumour burden and degree of myeloma bone disease. Here we describe five pre-clinical models of myeloma in NOD/SCID-GAMMA mice to specifically study the effects of therapeutic agents on myeloma bone disease. Groups of 7–8 week old female irradiated NOD/SCID-GAMMA mice were injected intravenously via the tail vein with either 1x106 JJN3, U266, XG-1 or OPM-2 human myeloma cell lines or patient-derived myeloma cells. At the first signs of morbidity in each tumour group all animals were sacrificed. Tumour load was measured by histological analysis, and bone disease was assessed by micro-CT and standard histomorphometric methods. Mice injected with JJN3, U266 or OPM-2 cells showed high tumour bone marrow infiltration of the long bones with low variability, resulting in osteolytic lesions. In contrast, mice injected with XG-1 or patient-derived myeloma cells showed lower tumour bone marrow infiltration and less bone disease with high variability. Injection of JJN3 cells into NOD/SCID-GAMMA mice resulted in an aggressive, short-term model of myeloma with mice exhibiting signs of morbidity 3 weeks later. Treating these mice with zoledronic acid at the time of tumour cell injection or once tumour was established prevented JJN3-induced bone disease but did not reduce tumour burden, whereas, carfilzomib treatment given once tumour was established significantly reduced tumour burden. Injection of U266, XG-1, OPM-2 and patient-derived myeloma cells resulted in less aggressive longer-term models of myeloma with mice exhibiting signs of morbidity 8 weeks later. Treating U266-induced disease with zoledronic acid prevented the formation of osteolytic lesions and trabecular bone loss as well as reducing tumour burden whereas, carfilzomib treatment only reduced tumour burden. In summary, JJN3, U266 or OPM-2 cells injected into NOD/SCID-GAMMA mice provide robust models to study anti-myeloma therapies, particularly those targeting myeloma bone disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle A. Lawson
- Department of Oncology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Julia M. Paton-Hough
- Department of Oncology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Holly R. Evans
- Department of Oncology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca E. Walker
- Department of Oncology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - William Harris
- Department of Oncology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Dharshi Ratnabalan
- Department of Oncology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - John A. Snowden
- Department of Oncology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Department of Haematology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew D. Chantry
- Department of Oncology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Department of Haematology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, United Kingdom
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21
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Tevlin R, McArdle A, Chan CKF, Pluvinage J, Walmsley GG, Wearda T, Marecic O, Hu MS, Paik KJ, Senarath-Yapa K, Atashroo DA, Zielins ER, Wan DC, Weissman IL, Longaker MT. Osteoclast derivation from mouse bone marrow. J Vis Exp 2014:e52056. [PMID: 25407120 DOI: 10.3791/52056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoclasts are highly specialized cells that are derived from the monocyte/macrophage lineage of the bone marrow. Their unique ability to resorb both the organic and inorganic matrices of bone means that they play a key role in regulating skeletal remodeling. Together, osteoblasts and osteoclasts are responsible for the dynamic coupling process that involves both bone resorption and bone formation acting together to maintain the normal skeleton during health and disease. As the principal bone-resorbing cell in the body, changes in osteoclast differentiation or function can result in profound effects in the body. Diseases associated with altered osteoclast function can range in severity from lethal neonatal disease due to failure to form a marrow space for hematopoiesis, to more commonly observed pathologies such as osteoporosis, in which excessive osteoclastic bone resorption predisposes to fracture formation. An ability to isolate osteoclasts in high numbers in vitro has allowed for significant advances in the understanding of the bone remodeling cycle and has paved the way for the discovery of novel therapeutic strategies that combat these diseases. Here, we describe a protocol to isolate and cultivate osteoclasts from mouse bone marrow that will yield large numbers of osteoclasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Tevlin
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine
| | - Adrian McArdle
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University
| | - Charles K F Chan
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University
| | - John Pluvinage
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University
| | - Graham G Walmsley
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University
| | - Taylor Wearda
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University
| | - Owen Marecic
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University
| | - Michael S Hu
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine
| | - Kevin J Paik
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine
| | - Kshemendra Senarath-Yapa
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine
| | - David A Atashroo
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine
| | - Elizabeth R Zielins
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine
| | - Derrick C Wan
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine
| | - Irving L Weissman
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University
| | - Michael T Longaker
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University;
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22
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Gaudichon J, Milano F, Cahu J, DaCosta L, Martens AC, Renoir JM, Sola B. Deazaneplanocin a is a promising drug to kill multiple myeloma cells in their niche. PLoS One 2014; 9:e107009. [PMID: 25255316 PMCID: PMC4177844 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0107009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumoral plasma cells has retained stemness features and in particular, a polycomb-silenced gene expression signature. Therefore, epigenetic therapy could be a mean to fight for multiple myeloma (MM), still an incurable pathology. Deazaneplanocin A (DZNep), a S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase inhibitor, targets enhancer of zest homolog 2 (EZH2), a component of polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) and is capable to induce the death of cancer cells. We show here that, in some MM cell lines, DZNep induced both caspase-dependent and -independent apoptosis. However, the induction of cell death was not mediated through its effect on EZH2 and the trimethylation on lysine 27 of histone H3 (H3K27me3). DZNep likely acted through non-epigenetic mechanisms in myeloma cells. In vivo, in xenograft models, and in vitro DZNep showed potent antimyeloma activity alone or in combination with bortezomib. These preclinical data let us to envisage new therapeutic strategies for myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérémie Gaudichon
- Equipe Associée 4652, Université de Caen, Normandie Univ, Caen, France
| | - Francesco Milano
- Equipe Associée 4652, Université de Caen, Normandie Univ, Caen, France
| | - Julie Cahu
- Equipe Associée 4652, Université de Caen, Normandie Univ, Caen, France
| | - Lætitia DaCosta
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U749, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Anton C. Martens
- Department of Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jack-Michel Renoir
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U749, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Brigitte Sola
- Equipe Associée 4652, Université de Caen, Normandie Univ, Caen, France
- * E-mail:
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23
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Engelhardt M, Terpos E, Kleber M, Gay F, Wäsch R, Morgan G, Cavo M, van de Donk N, Beilhack A, Bruno B, Johnsen HE, Hajek R, Driessen C, Ludwig H, Beksac M, Boccadoro M, Straka C, Brighen S, Gramatzki M, Larocca A, Lokhorst H, Magarotto V, Morabito F, Dimopoulos MA, Einsele H, Sonneveld P, Palumbo A. European Myeloma Network recommendations on the evaluation and treatment of newly diagnosed patients with multiple myeloma. Haematologica 2014; 99:232-42. [PMID: 24497560 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2013.099358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma management has undergone profound changes in the past thanks to advances in our understanding of the disease biology and improvements in treatment and supportive care approaches. This article presents recommendations of the European Myeloma Network for newly diagnosed patients based on the GRADE system for level of evidence. All patients with symptomatic disease should undergo risk stratification to classify patients for International Staging System stage (level of evidence: 1A) and for cytogenetically defined high- versus standard-risk groups (2B). Novel-agent-based induction and up-front autologous stem cell transplantation in medically fit patients remains the standard of care (1A). Induction therapy should include a triple combination of bortezomib, with either adriamycin or thalidomide and dexamethasone (1A), or with cyclophosphamide and dexamethasone (2B). Currently, allogeneic stem cell transplantation may be considered for young patients with high-risk disease and preferably in the context of a clinical trial (2B). Thalidomide (1B) or lenalidomide (1A) maintenance increases progression-free survival and possibly overall survival (2B). Bortezomib-based regimens are a valuable consolidation option, especially for patients who failed excellent response after autologous stem cell transplantation (2A). Bortezomib-melphalan-prednisone or melphalan-prednisone-thalidomide are the standards of care for transplant-ineligible patients (1A). Melphalan-prednisone-lenalidomide with lenalidomide maintenance increases progression-free survival, but overall survival data are needed. New data from the phase III study (MM-020/IFM 07-01) of lenalidomide-low-dose dexamethasone reached its primary end point of a statistically significant improvement in progression-free survival as compared to melphalan-prednisone-thalidomide and provides further evidence for the efficacy of lenalidomide-low-dose dexamethasone in transplant-ineligible patients (2B).
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