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Berg FM, Correia ETO, Abenojar EC, Basilion JP, Rosol TJ, Baroni RH, Exner AA, Bittencourt LK. Multispecies comparative prostate anatomy by imaging: Implications for experimental models of prostatic disease. Prostate 2024; 84:682-693. [PMID: 38477025 DOI: 10.1002/pros.24685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is an increasing interest in using preclinical models for development and assessment of medical devices and imaging techniques for prostatic disease care. Still, a comprehensive assessment of the prostate's radiological anatomy in primary preclinical models such as dogs, rabbits, and mice utilizing human anatomy as a reference point remains necessary with no optimal model for each purpose being clearly defined in the literature. Therefore, this study compares the anatomical characteristics of different animal models to the human prostatic gland from the imaging perspective. METHODS We imaged five Beagle laboratory dogs, five New Zealand White rabbits, and five mice, all sexually mature males, under Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) approval. Ultrasonography (US) was performed using the Vevo® F2 for mice (57 MHz probe). Rabbits and dogs were imaged using the Siemens® Acuson S3000 (17 MHz probe) and endocavitary (8 MHz) probes, respectively. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was also conducted with a 7T scanner in mice and 3T scanner in rabbits and dogs. RESULTS Canine transrectal US emerged as the optimal method for US imaging, depicting a morphologically similar gland to humans but lacking echoic zonal differentiation. MRI findings in canines indicated a homogeneously structured gland similar to the human peripheral zone on T2-weighted images (T2W) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC). In rabbits, US imaging faced challenges due to the pubic symphysis, whereas MRI effectively visualized all structures with the prostate presenting a similar aspect to the human peripheral gland on T2W and ADC maps. Murine prostate assessment revealed poor visualization of the prostate glands in ultrasound due to its small size, while 7T MRI delineated the distinct prostates and its lobes, with the lateral and dorsal prostate resembling the peripheral zone and the anterior prostate the central zone of the human gland. CONCLUSION Dogs stand out as superior models for advanced preclinical studies in prostatic disease research. However, mice present as a good model for early stage studies and rabbits are a cost-effective alternative and serve as valuable tools in specific research domains when canine research is not feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe M Berg
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo T O Correia
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Eric C Abenojar
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - James P Basilion
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Thomas J Rosol
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA
| | - Ronaldo H Baroni
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Agata A Exner
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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Davidsen JM, Cohen SM, Eisenbrand G, Fukushima S, Gooderham NJ, Guengerich FP, Hecht SS, Rietjens IMCM, Rosol TJ, Harman CL, Ramanan D, Taylor SV. In response to the Letter to the Editor from Xiao regarding our article, "FEMA GRAS assessment of natural flavor complexes: Asafetida oil, garlic oil and onion oil". Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 182:114040. [PMID: 37726071 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.114040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeanne M Davidsen
- Flavor and Extract Manufacturers Association, 1101 17th Street, N.W., Suite 700, Washington, DC, 20036, USA
| | - Samuel M Cohen
- Dept. of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 983135 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-3135, USA
| | - Gerhard Eisenbrand
- University of Kaiserslautern, Germany (Retired), Kühler Grund 48/1, 69126, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Shoji Fukushima
- Japan Bioassay Research Center, 2445 Hirasawa, Hadano, Kanagawa, 257-0015, Japan
| | - Nigel J Gooderham
- Dept. of Metabolism, Digestion, Reproduction, Imperial College London, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - F Peter Guengerich
- Dept. of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232-0146, USA
| | - Stephen S Hecht
- Cancer Prevention, Masonic Cancer Center and Dept. of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Cancer and Cardiovascular Research Building, 2231 6th St., S.E., Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Ivonne M C M Rietjens
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University, Stippeneng, 46708 WE, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Thomas J Rosol
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, 1 Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
| | - Christie L Harman
- Flavor and Extract Manufacturers Association, 1101 17th Street, N.W., Suite 700, Washington, DC, 20036, USA
| | - Danarubini Ramanan
- Flavor and Extract Manufacturers Association, 1101 17th Street, N.W., Suite 700, Washington, DC, 20036, USA
| | - Sean V Taylor
- Flavor and Extract Manufacturers Association, 1101 17th Street, N.W., Suite 700, Washington, DC, 20036, USA.
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Yuan S, Hoggard NK, Kantake N, Hildreth BE, Rosol TJ. Effects of Dickkopf-1 (DKK-1) on Prostate Cancer Growth and Bone Metastasis. Cells 2023; 12:2695. [PMID: 38067123 PMCID: PMC10705757 DOI: 10.3390/cells12232695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoblastic bone metastases are commonly detected in patients with advanced prostate cancer (PCa) and are associated with an increased mortality rate. Dickkopf-1 (DKK-1) antagonizes canonical WNT/β-catenin signaling and plays a complex role in bone metastases. We explored the function of cancer cell-specific DKK-1 in PCa growth, metastasis, and cancer-bone interactions using the osteoblastic canine PCa cell line, Probasco. Probasco or Probasco + DKK-1 (cells transduced with human DKK-1) were injected into the tibia or left cardiac ventricle of athymic nude mice. Bone metastases were detected by bioluminescent imaging in vivo and evaluated by micro-computed tomography and histopathology. Cancer cell proliferation, migration, gene/protein expression, and their impact on primary murine osteoblasts and osteoclasts, were evaluated in vitro. DKK-1 increased cancer growth and stimulated cell migration independent of canonical WNT signaling. Enhanced cancer progression by DKK-1 was associated with increased cell proliferation, up-regulation of NF-kB/p65 signaling, inhibition of caspase-dependent apoptosis by down-regulation of non-canonical WNT/JNK signaling, and increased expression of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition genes. In addition, DKK-1 attenuated the osteoblastic activity of Probasco cells, and bone metastases had decreased cancer-induced intramedullary woven bone formation. Decreased bone formation might be due to the inhibition of osteoblast differentiation and stimulation of osteoclast activity through a decrease in the OPG/RANKL ratio in the bone microenvironment. The present study indicated that the cancer-promoting role of DKK-1 in PCa bone metastases was associated with increased growth of bone metastases, reduced bone induction, and altered signaling through the canonical WNT-independent pathway. DKK-1 could be a promising therapeutic target for PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Yuan
- Department of Biological Sciences, The Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, College of Arts and Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA;
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA; (N.K.H.); (N.K.)
| | - Nathan K. Hoggard
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA; (N.K.H.); (N.K.)
| | - Noriko Kantake
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA; (N.K.H.); (N.K.)
| | - Blake E. Hildreth
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA;
| | - Thomas J. Rosol
- Department of Biological Sciences, The Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, College of Arts and Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA;
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA; (N.K.H.); (N.K.)
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Luo D, Wang X, Ramamurthy G, Walker E, Zhang L, Shirke A, Naidu NG, Burda C, Shakya R, Hostnik ET, Joseph M, Ponsky L, Ponomarev V, Rosol TJ, Tweedle MF, Basilion JP. Evaluation of a photodynamic therapy agent using a canine prostate cancer model. Prostate 2023; 83:1176-1185. [PMID: 37211857 DOI: 10.1002/pros.24560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Male dogs can develop spontaneous prostate cancer, which is similar physiologically to human disease. Recently, Tweedle and coworkers have developed an orthotopic canine prostate model allowing implanted tumors and therapeutic agents to be tested in a more translational large animal model. We used the canine model to evaluate prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-targeted gold nanoparticles as a theranostic approach for fluorescence (FL) imaging and photodynamic therapy (PDT) of early stage prostate cancer. METHODS Dogs (four in total) were immunosuppressed with a cyclosporine-based immunosuppressant regimen and their prostate glands were injected with Ace-1-hPSMA cells using transabdominal ultrasound (US) guidance. Intraprostatic tumors grew in 4-5 weeks and were monitored by ultrasound (US). When tumors reached an appropriate size, dogs were injected intravenously (iv) with PSMA-targeted nano agents (AuNPs-Pc158) and underwent surgery 24 h later to expose the prostate tumors for FL imaging and PDT. Ex vivo FL imaging and histopathological studies were performed to confirm PDT efficacy. RESULTS All dogs had tumor growth in the prostate gland as revealed by US. Twenty-four hours after injection of PSMA-targeted nano agents (AuNPs-Pc158), the tumors were imaged using a Curadel FL imaging device. While normal prostate tissue had minimal fluorescent signal, the prostate tumors had significantly increased FL. PDT was activated by irradiating specific fluorescent tumor areas with laser light (672 nm). PDT bleached the FL signal, while fluorescent signals from the other unexposed tumor tissues were unaffected. Histological analysis of tumors and adjacent prostate revealed that PDT damaged the irradiated areas to a depth of 1-2 mms with the presence of necrosis, hemorrhage, secondary inflammation, and occasional focal thrombosis. The nonirradiated areas showed no visible damages by PDT. CONCLUSION We have successfully established a PSMA-expressing canine orthotopic prostate tumor model and used the model to evaluate the PSMA-targeted nano agents (AuNPs-Pc158) in the application of FL imaging and PDT. It was demonstrated that the nano agents allowed visualization of the cancer cells and enabled their destruction when they were irradiated with a specific wavelength of light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Luo
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinning Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Ethan Walker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Lifang Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Aditi Shirke
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Naraen G Naidu
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Clemens Burda
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Reena Shakya
- Target Validation Shared Resource, James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Eric T Hostnik
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine-Veterinary Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Mathew Joseph
- Interventional Cardiology Cath Core Lab, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Lee Ponsky
- Department of Urology, University Hospitals, Cleveland Medical Center and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Vladimir Ponomarev
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Thomas J Rosol
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA
| | - Michael F Tweedle
- Department of Radiology, The Wright Center for Innovation in Biomolecular Imaging, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - James P Basilion
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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Gooderham NJ, Cohen SM, Eisenbrand G, Fukushima S, Guengerich FP, Hecht SS, Rietjens IMCM, Rosol TJ, Davidsen JM, Harman CL, Kelly SE, Taylor SV. FEMA GRAS assessment of natural flavor complexes: Sage oil, Orris Root Extract and Tagetes Oil and related flavoring ingredients. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 179:113940. [PMID: 37487858 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.113940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the Expert Panel of the Flavor and Extract Manufacturers Association (FEMA) has conducted a program to re-evaluate the safety of natural flavor complexes (NFCs) used as flavor ingredients. This publication, twelfth in the series, details the re-evaluation of NFCs whose constituent profiles are characterized by alicyclic or linear ketones. In its re-evaluation, the Expert Panel applies a scientific constituent-based procedure for the safety evaluation of NFCs in commerce using a congeneric group approach. Estimated intakes of each congeneric group of the NFC are evaluated using the well-established and conservative Threshold of Toxicological Concern (TTC) approach. In addition, studies on the toxicity and genotoxicity of members of the congeneric groups and the NFCs under evaluation are reviewed. The scope of the safety evaluation of the NFCs contained herein does not include added use in dietary supplements or any products other than food. Thirteen (13) NFCs derived from the Boronia, Cinnamomum, Thuja, Ruta, Salvia, Tagetes, Hyssopus, Iris, Perilla and Artemisia genera are affirmed as generally recognized as safe (GRAS) under conditions of their intended use as flavor ingredients based on an evaluation of each NFC and the constituents and congeneric groups therein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nigel J Gooderham
- Dept. of Metabolism, Digestion, Reproduction, Imperial College London, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Samuel M Cohen
- Havlik-Wall Professor of Oncology, Dept. of Pathology and Microbiology, University f Nebraska Medical Center, 983135 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-3135, USA
| | - Gerhard Eisenbrand
- University of Kaiserslautern, Kühler Grund 48/1, 69126, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Shoji Fukushima
- Japan Bioassay Research Center, 2445 Hirasawa, Hadano, Kanagawa, 257-0015, Japan
| | - F Peter Guengerich
- Tadashi Inagami Professor of Biochemistry, Dept. of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232-0146, USA
| | - Stephen S Hecht
- Wallin Professor of Cancer Prevention, Masonic Cancer Center and Dept. of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Cancer and Cardiovascular Research Building, 2231 6th St., S.E., Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Ivonne M C M Rietjens
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Thomas J Rosol
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, 1 Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
| | - Jeanne M Davidsen
- Flavor and Extract Manufacturers Association, 1101 17th Street, N.W., Suite 700, Washington, D.C., 20036, USA
| | - Christie L Harman
- Flavor and Extract Manufacturers Association, 1101 17th Street, N.W., Suite 700, Washington, D.C., 20036, USA
| | - Shannen E Kelly
- Flavor and Extract Manufacturers Association, 1101 17th Street, N.W., Suite 700, Washington, D.C., 20036, USA
| | - Sean V Taylor
- Scientific Secretary to the FEMA Expert Panel, 1101 17th Street, N.W., Suite 700, Washington, D.C., 20036, USA.
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Max-Harry IM, Hashmi WJ, List BP, Kantake N, Corbin KL, Toribio RE, Nunemaker CS, Rosol TJ. The Nuclear Localization Sequence and C-Terminus of Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein Regulate Normal Pancreatic Islet Development and Function. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2023:114309. [PMID: 37236490 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2023.114309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) is a pleiotropic hormone essential for morphogenesis, tissue differentiation, as well as cell regulation and function. PTHrP is expressed by pancreatic beta cells which are responsible for insulin secretion. Previous studies have reported that N-terminal PTHrP stimulated proliferation in beta cells in rodents. We have developed a knockin mouse model (PTHrP Δ/Δ) lacking the C-terminal and nuclear localization sequence (NLS) of PTHrP. These mice die at ∼day 5, are severely stunted in growth, weigh 54% less than control mice at day 1 -2 and eventually fail to grow. PTHrP Δ/Δ mice are also hypoinsulinemic and hypoglycemic yet have nutrient intake proportional to size. To characterize the pancreatic islets in these mice, islets (∼10-20) were isolated from 2-5 day-old-mice using collagenase digestion. Islets from PTHrP Δ/Δ mice were smaller in size but secreted more insulin than littermate controls. PTHrP Δ/Δ and control mice islets were exposed to various glucose concentrations and intracellular calcium, the trigger for insulin release, was elevated for glucose concentrations of 8-20 mM. Immunofluorescence staining showed less glucagon-stained area in islets from PTHrP Δ/Δ mice (∼250 µm2) compared to islets from control mice (∼900 µm2), and ELISA confirmed there was reduced glucagon content. These data collectively demonstrate increased insulin secretion and reduced glucagon at the islet level, which may contribute to the observed hypoglycemia and early death in PTHrP Δ/Δ mice. Thus, the C-terminus and NLS of PTHrP are crucial to life, including regulation of glucose homeostasis and islet function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibiagbani M Max-Harry
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA; Diabetes Institute, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, USA; Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, College of Arts and Sciences, Ohio University; Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University
| | - Waleed J Hashmi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA; Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, College of Arts and Sciences, Ohio University
| | - Brian P List
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA; Diabetes Institute, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, USA; Translational Biomedical Sciences Program, Graduate College, Ohio University
| | - Noriko Kantake
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA; Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, College of Arts and Sciences, Ohio University
| | - Kathryn L Corbin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA; Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, College of Arts and Sciences, Ohio University
| | - Ramiro E Toribio
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Craig S Nunemaker
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA; Diabetes Institute, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, USA; Translational Biomedical Sciences Program, Graduate College, Ohio University
| | - Thomas J Rosol
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA; Diabetes Institute, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, USA; Translational Biomedical Sciences Program, Graduate College, Ohio University.
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Yuan S, Hoggard NK, Kantake N, Hildreth BE, Rosol TJ. Abstract 1603: The effect of dickkopf-1 (DKK-1) on prostate cancer growth and bone metastasis using the canine osteoblastic Probasco cell line. Cancer Res 2023. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2023-1603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Osteoblastic bone metastasis is the predominant phenotype observed in advanced prostate cancer and is associated with high patient mortality and morbidity. WNT signaling is necessary for both bone formation and tumor progression. Dickkopf-1 (DKK-1), a secretory antagonist of the canonical WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway, plays a complex role in bone tumors since it can either promote or decrease tumor occurrence and metastasis. The present study explored the molecular role of DKK-1 in prostate tumor progression, metastasis, and tumor-bone interactions using the osteoblastic canine prostate cancer cell line, Probasco. Previously, we found that DKK-1 can inhibit bone mineralization of mouse calvaria by Probasco conditioned medium (CM). Now we stably expressed DKK-1 in Probasco cells (Probasco-DKK-1), which were injected into the tibias or left ventricle of athymic mice. Bone metastases were monitored by bioluminesent imaging, microCT, and histopathology. Our results showed that Probasco-DKK-1 bone metastases had increased tumor growth, increased osteoclastic bone resorption, and decreased intramedullary woven bone formation in vivo. In vitro, DKK-1 had an autocrine effect on Probasco cells, which altered the cell morphology, increased cell proliferation, and induced EMT. Mechanistically, DKK-1 had little effect on the canonical WNT/β-catenin signaling while dramatically down-regulated the non-canonical WNT/JNK signaling, which inhibited caspase-dependent apoptosis in Probasco-DKK-1 cells. To investigate the effect of Probasco-DKK-1 on bone cells, primary osteoblasts and osteoclasts were treated by CM collected from cancer cells. We found that DKK-1 did not inhibit the mineralization of osteoblasts nor stimulate the activity of osteoclasts directly, but the expression of RNAKL was significantly higher in Probasco-DKK-1 CM-treated osteoblasts. Therefore, the Probasco-DKK-1 cells enhanced the activity of osteoclasts indirectly via the regulation of osteoblasts, which induced bone resorption. In conclusion, we showed that DKK-1 promoted prostate tumor growth by stimulating cell proliferation and inhibiting apoptosis in a canonical WNT-independent manner and attenuated the osteoblastic activity of prostate cancer. These findings provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms of DKK-1 in tumor progression.
Citation Format: Shiyu Yuan, Nathan K. Hoggard, Noriko Kantake, Blake E. Hildreth, Thomas J. Rosol. The effect of dickkopf-1 (DKK-1) on prostate cancer growth and bone metastasis using the canine osteoblastic Probasco cell line [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 1603.
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Rosol TJ, Cohen SM, Eisenbrand G, Fukushima S, Gooderham NJ, Guengerich FP, Hecht SS, Rietjens IMCM, Davidsen JM, Harman CL, Kelly S, Ramanan D, Taylor SV. FEMA GRAS assessment of natural flavor complexes: Lemongrass oil, chamomile oils, citronella oil and related flavoring ingredients. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 175:113697. [PMID: 36870670 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.113697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
In 2015, the Expert Panel of the Flavor and Extract Manufacturers Association (FEMA) initiated a program for the re-evaluation of the safety of over 250 natural flavor complexes (NFCs) used as flavor ingredients. This publication, eleventh in the series, evaluates the safety of NFCs characterized by primary alcohol, aldehyde, carboxylic acid, ester and lactone constituents derived from terpenoid biosynthetic pathways and/or lipid metabolism. The Expert Panel uses the scientific-based evaluation procedure published in 2005 and updated in 2018 that relies on a complete constituent characterization of the NFC intended for commerce and organization of the constituents of each NFC into well-defined congeneric groups. The safety of the NFCs is evaluated using the well-established and conservative threshold of toxicological concern (TTC) concept in addition to data on estimated intake, metabolism and toxicology of members of the congeneric groups and for the NFC under evaluation. The scope of the safety evaluation contained herein does not include added use in dietary supplements or any products other than food. Twenty-three NFCs, derived from the Hibiscus, Melissa, Ricinus, Anthemis, Matricaria, Cymbopogon, Saussurea, Spartium, Pelargonium, Levisticum, Rosa, Santalum, Viola, Cryptocarya and Litsea genera were affirmed as generally recognized as safe (GRAS) under their conditions of intended use as flavor ingredients based on an evaluation of each NFC and the constituents and congeneric groups therein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Rosol
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, 1 Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
| | - Samuel M Cohen
- Havlik-Wall Professor of Oncology, Dept. of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 983135 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-3135, USA
| | - Gerhard Eisenbrand
- University of Kaiserslautern, Germany (Retired), Kühler Grund 48/1, 69126, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Shoji Fukushima
- Japan Bioassay Research Center, 2445 Hirasawa, Hadano, Kanagawa, 257-0015, Japan
| | - Nigel J Gooderham
- Dept. of Metabolism, Digestion, Reproduction, Imperial College London, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - F Peter Guengerich
- Tadashi Inagami Professor of Biochemistry, Dept. of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232-0146, USA
| | - Stephen S Hecht
- Wallin Professor of Cancer Prevention, Masonic Cancer Center and Dept. of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Cancer and Cardiovascular Research Building, 2231 6th St., S.E., Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Ivonne M C M Rietjens
- Professor of Toxicology, Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4 6708, WE, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jeanne M Davidsen
- Flavor and Extract Manufacturers Association, 1101 17th Street, N.W., Suite 700, Washington, D.C., 20036, USA
| | - Christie L Harman
- Flavor and Extract Manufacturers Association, 1101 17th Street, N.W., Suite 700, Washington, D.C., 20036, USA
| | - Shannen Kelly
- Flavor and Extract Manufacturers Association, 1101 17th Street, N.W., Suite 700, Washington, D.C., 20036, USA
| | - Danarubini Ramanan
- Flavor and Extract Manufacturers Association, 1101 17th Street, N.W., Suite 700, Washington, D.C., 20036, USA
| | - Sean V Taylor
- Scientific Secretary to the FEMA Expert Panel, 1101 17th Street, N.W., Suite 700, Washington, D.C., 20036, USA.
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Davidsen JM, Cohen SM, Eisenbrand G, Fukushima S, Gooderham NJ, Guengerich FP, Hecht SS, Rietjens IMCM, Rosol TJ, Harman CL, Ramanan D, Taylor SV. FEMA GRAS assessment of natural flavor complexes: Asafetida oil, garlic oil and onion oil. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 173:113580. [PMID: 36610475 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.113580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The Expert Panel of the Flavor and Extract Manufacturers Association (FEMA) applies its procedure for the safety evaluation of natural flavor complexes (NFCs) to re-evaluate the safety of Asafetida Oil (Ferula assa-foetida L.) FEMA 2108, Garlic Oil (Allium sativum L.) FEMA 2503 and Onion Oil (Allium cepa L.) FEMA 2817 for use as flavoring in food. This safety evaluation is part of a series of evaluations of NFCs for use as flavoring ingredients conducted by the Expert Panel that applies a scientific procedure published in 2005 and updated in 2018. Using a group approach that relies on a complete chemical characterization of the NFC intended for commerce, the constituents of each NFC are organized into well-defined congeneric groups and the estimated intake of each constituent congeneric group is evaluated using the conservative threshold of toxicological concern (TTC) concept. Data on the metabolism, genotoxic potential and toxicology for each constituent congeneric group are reviewed as well as studies on each NFC. Based on the safety evaluation, Asafetida Oil (Ferula assa-foetida L.), Garlic Oil (Allium sativum L.) and Onion Oil (Allium cepa L.) were affirmed as generally recognized as safe (GRASa) under their conditions of intended use as flavor ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanne M Davidsen
- Flavor and Extract Manufacturers Association, 1101 17th Street, N.W., Suite 700, Washington, DC, 20036, USA
| | - Samuel M Cohen
- Havlik Wall Professor of Oncology, Dept. of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 983135 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-3135, USA
| | - Gerhard Eisenbrand
- University of Kaiserslautern, Germany (Retired), Kühler Grund 48/1, 69126, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Shoji Fukushima
- Japan Bioassay Research Center, 2445 Hirasawa, Hadano, Kanagawa, 257-0015, Japan
| | - Nigel J Gooderham
- Dept. of Metabolism, Digestion, Reproduction, Imperial College London, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - F Peter Guengerich
- Dept. of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232-0146, USA
| | - Stephen S Hecht
- Masonic Cancer Center and Dept. of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Cancer and Cardiovascular Research Building, 2231 6th St., S.E, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Ivonne M C M Rietjens
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708, WE Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Thomas J Rosol
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, 1 Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
| | - Christie L Harman
- Flavor and Extract Manufacturers Association, 1101 17th Street, N.W., Suite 700, Washington, DC, 20036, USA
| | - Danarubini Ramanan
- Flavor and Extract Manufacturers Association, 1101 17th Street, N.W., Suite 700, Washington, DC, 20036, USA
| | - Sean V Taylor
- Flavor and Extract Manufacturers Association, 1101 17th Street, N.W., Suite 700, Washington, DC, 20036, USA.
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10
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Davidsen JM, Cohen SM, Eisenbrand G, Fukushima S, Gooderham NJ, Guengerich FP, Hecht SS, Rietjens IMCM, Rosol TJ, Harman CL, Taylor SV. FEMA GRAS assessment of derivatives of basil, nutmeg, parsley, tarragon and related allylalkoxybenzene-containing natural flavor complexes. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 175:113646. [PMID: 36804339 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.113646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
In 2015, the Expert Panel of the Flavor and Extract Manufacturers Association (FEMA) initiated a program for the re-evaluation of the safety of over 250 natural flavor complexes (NFCs) used as flavoring ingredients in food. In this publication, tenth in the series, NFCs containing a high percentage of at least one naturally occurring allylalkoxybenzene constituent with a suspected concern for genotoxicity and/or carcinogenicity are evaluated. In a related paper, ninth in the series, NFCs containing anethole and/or eugenol and relatively low percentages of these allylalkoxybenzenes are evaluated. The Panel applies the threshold of toxicological concern (TTC) concept and evaluates relevant toxicology data on the NFCs and their respective constituent congeneric groups. For NFCs containing allylalkoxybenzene constituent(s), the estimated intake of the constituent is compared to the TTC for compounds with structural alerts for genotoxicity and when exceeded, a margin of exposure (MOE) is calculated. BMDL10 values are derived from benchmark dose analyses using Bayesian model averaging for safrole, estragole and methyl eugenol using EPA's BMDS software version 3.2. BMDL10 values for myristicin, elemicin and parsley apiole were estimated by read-across using relative potency factors. Margins of safety for each constituent congeneric group and MOEs for each allylalkoxybenzene constituent for each NFC were determined that indicate no safety concern. The scope of the safety evaluation contained herein does not include added use in dietary supplements or any products other than food. Ten NFCs, derived from basil, estragon (tarragon), mace, nutmeg, parsley and Canadian snakeroot were determined or affirmed as generally recognized as safe (GRAS) under their conditions of intended use as flavor ingredients based on an evaluation of each NFC and the constituents and congeneric groups therein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanne M Davidsen
- Flavor and Extract Manufacturers Association, 1101 17th Street, N.W., Suite 700, Washington, D.C, 20036, USA
| | - Samuel M Cohen
- Havlik-Wall Professor of Oncology, Dept. of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 983135 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-3135, USA
| | - Gerhard Eisenbrand
- University of Kaiserslautern, Germany (Retired), Kühler Grund 48/1, 69126, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Shoji Fukushima
- Japan Bioassay Research Center, 2445 Hirasawa, Hadano, Kanagawa, 257-0015, Japan
| | - Nigel J Gooderham
- Dept. of Metabolism, Digestion, Reproduction, Imperial College London, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - F Peter Guengerich
- Dept. of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232-0146, USA
| | - Stephen S Hecht
- Masonic Cancer Center and Dept. of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Cancer and Cardiovascular Research Building, 2231 6th St, S.E, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Ivonne M C M Rietjens
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 6708 WE, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Thomas J Rosol
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, 1 Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
| | - Christie L Harman
- Flavor and Extract Manufacturers Association, 1101 17th Street, N.W., Suite 700, Washington, D.C, 20036, USA
| | - Sean V Taylor
- Scientific Secretary to the FEMA Expert Panel, 1101 17th Street, N.W., Suite 700, Washington, D.C, 20036, USA.
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11
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Berry MR, Fadl-Alla BA, Samuelson J, Rosol TJ, Fan TM. Investigating PSMA differential expression in canine uroepithelial carcinomas to aid disease-based stratification and guide therapeutic selection. BMC Vet Res 2022; 18:441. [PMID: 36539731 PMCID: PMC9764509 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-022-03544-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In male dogs, uroepithelial cancers include invasive urothelial carcinoma (iUC) and prostate carcinoma (PCA). The inability to distinguish iUC involving the prostate from PCA results in indiscriminate clinical management strategies that could be suboptimal as first-line chemotherapy for iUC (cisplatin) and PCA (docetaxel) differ in people. Prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a transmembrane protein, and its overexpression has been identified in human prostate carcinoma and neovasculature associated with solid tumor growth. This study investigates whether differential PSMA expression exists between presumptive canine iUC and PCA among cell lines and archived patient samples, which might allow for improved accuracy in disease-based stratification and optimal chemotherapy selection. Additionally, in vitro sensitivities of reported canine iUC and PCA cell lines to uroepithelial directed chemotherapeutic agents were characterized. RESULTS Normalized PSMA gene and protein expressions were not significantly different between 5 iUC and 4 PCA cell lines. PSMA protein expression was uniformly observed in uroepithelial cancers regardless of anatomic origin from archived patient samples, further confirming that PSMA cannot differentiate iUC from PCA. In vitro sensitivity of cell lines to uroepithelial directed chemotherapeutics revealed that vinblastine exerted the broadest cytotoxic activity. CONCLUSIONS Differential expression of PSMA was not identified between canine iUC and PCA cell lines or archived patient samples, and PSMA alone cannot be used for disease stratification. Nonetheless given its conserved overexpression, PSMA may be a targetable surface marker for both canine iUC and PCA. Lastly, in uroepithelial carcinomas, vinblastine might exert the broadest anticancer activity regardless of cellular origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R. Berry
- grid.35403.310000 0004 1936 9991Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61802 USA ,grid.35403.310000 0004 1936 9991Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61802 USA
| | - Bahaa A. Fadl-Alla
- grid.35403.310000 0004 1936 9991Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61802 USA
| | - Jonathan Samuelson
- grid.35403.310000 0004 1936 9991Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61802 USA
| | - Thomas J. Rosol
- grid.20627.310000 0001 0668 7841Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701 USA
| | - Timothy M. Fan
- grid.35403.310000 0004 1936 9991Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61802 USA ,grid.35403.310000 0004 1936 9991Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61802 USA ,grid.35403.310000 0004 1936 9991Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61802 USA
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12
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Deng X, Zheng C, Tang F, Rosol TJ, Shao ZM. Editorial: Triple-negative breast cancer: Heterogeneity, tumor microenvironment and targeted therapy. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1026566. [PMID: 36483047 PMCID: PMC9725095 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1026566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xiyun Deng
- Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Stem Cell Research, Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chanjuan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Stem Cell Research, Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Faqing Tang
- Clinical Laboratory of Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Oncotarget Gene, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Thomas J. Rosol
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
| | - Zhi-Ming Shao
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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13
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Yuan S, Kantake N, Elshafae SM, Rosol TJ. Stimulation of Osteoblastic Bone Metastasis by Canine Prostate Cancer. FASEB J 2022. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2022.36.s1.r3169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Yuan
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Ohio UniversityAthensOH
| | - Noriko Kantake
- Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio UniversityAthensOH
| | | | - Thomas J. Rosol
- Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio UniversityAthensOH
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14
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Hashmi WJ, Kantake N, Yuan S, Max Harry I, Hoggard NK, Fischbach AH, Toribio RE, Rosol TJ. NUCLEAR PARATHYROID HORMONE‐RELATED PROTEIN IS NECESSARY FOR PITUITARY SOMATOTROPHS AND GROWTH HORMONE PRODUCTION Waleed J. Hashmi
1
, Noriko Kantake
2
, Shiu Yuan
2,3
, Ibiaghani Max Harry
2,3
, Nathan K. Hoggard
1
, Alex H. Fishbach
2
, Ramiro E. Toribio
4
, Thomas J. Rosol
2,3
, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Translation Biomedical Sciences Program, Ohio University, Athens, 45701, OH
1
,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University
2
, Department of Biological Sciences, Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Ohio University, Athens, 45701, OH
3
, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
4. FASEB J 2022. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2022.36.s1.r2819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shiyu Yuan
- Molecular and cellular biologyOhio UniversityAthensOH
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15
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Elshafae SM, Kohart NA, Breitbach JT, Hildreth BE, Rosol TJ. The Effect of a Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor (AR-42) and Zoledronic Acid on Adult T-Cell Leukemia/Lymphoma Osteolytic Bone Tumors. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13205066. [PMID: 34680215 PMCID: PMC8533796 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13205066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) Leukemia is an aggressive, peripheral blood (T-cell) neoplasm associated with human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) infection. Recent studies have implicated dysregulated histone deacetylases in ATL pathogenesis. ATL modulates the bone microenvironment of patients and activates osteoclasts (bone resorbing cells) that cause severe bone loss. The objective of this study was to assess the individual and dual effects of AR-42 (HDACi) and zoledronic acid (Zol) on the growth of ATL cells in vitro and in vivo. AR-42 and Zol reduced the viability of ATL cells in vitro. Additionally, Zol and Zol/AR-42 decreased ATL tumor growth and halted osteolysis in bone tumor xenografts in immunodeficient mice in vivo. Our study suggests that dual targeting of ATL cells (using HDACi) and bone osteoclasts (using bisphosphonates) may be exploited as a valuable approach to reduce bone tumor burden and improve the life quality of ATL patients. Abstract Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) is an intractable disease affecting nearly 4% of Human T-cell Leukemia Virus Type 1 (HTLV-1) carriers. Acute ATL has a unique interaction with bone characterized by aggressive bone invasion, osteolytic metastasis, and hypercalcemia. We hypothesized that dual tumor and bone-targeted therapies would decrease tumor burden in bone, the incidence of metastasis, and ATL-associated osteolysis. Our goal was to evaluate dual targeting of both ATL bone tumors and the bone microenvironment using an anti-tumor HDACi (AR-42) and an osteoclast inhibitor (zoledronic acid, Zol), alone and in combination. Our results showed that AR-42, Zol, and AR-42/Zol significantly decreased the viability of multiple ATL cancer cell lines in vitro. Zol and AR-42/Zol decreased tumor growth in vivo. Zol ± AR-42 significantly decreased ATL-associated bone resorption and promoted new bone formation. AR-42-treated ATL cells had increased mRNA levels of PTHrP, ENPP2 (autotaxin) and MIP-1α, and TAX viral gene expression. AR-42 alone had no significant effect on tumor growth or osteolysis in mice. These findings indicate that Zol adjuvant therapy has the potential to reduce growth of ATL in bone and its associated osteolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Said M. Elshafae
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (S.M.E.); (N.A.K.); (J.T.B.)
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Kalyubia 13736, Egypt
| | - Nicole A. Kohart
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (S.M.E.); (N.A.K.); (J.T.B.)
| | - Justin T. Breitbach
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (S.M.E.); (N.A.K.); (J.T.B.)
| | - Blake E. Hildreth
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA;
| | - Thomas J. Rosol
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-740-593-2405
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16
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Liu H, Rosol TJ, Sathiaseelan R, Mann SN, Stout MB, Zhu S. Cellular carbon stress is a mediator of obesity-associated osteoarthritis development. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2021; 29:1346-1350. [PMID: 33984464 PMCID: PMC8373780 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2021.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE 'Carbon stress' is a newly found mechanism that links obesity and dysregulated metabolism. It is defined as the cellular accumulation of metabolites during obesity post-translationally modifying metabolic proteins and decreasing their enzymatic activity. The objective of this study was to investigate if 'carbon stress' also occurs in cartilage and contributes to obesity associated OA development. METHODS We histologically evaluated for OA pathology in wild-type (WT) and hyperphagic mice (Pomc-neuron specific enhancer one deficient, PomcΔ1) that were subjected to standard chow (Chow, n = 6 for both genotypes) or high-fat feeding (HFD, n = 7 for both genotypes). Joints were stained and quantified for 'carbon stress' markers, including succinyl-lysine (SCK), malonyl-lysine (MAK), and acetyl-lysine (ACK). Lastly, we used a mouse model with deletion of Sirt5 (n = 7), which is an enzyme that removes SCK and MAK, to test if changing the abundance of 'carbon stress' would affect OA pathogenesis. RESULTS Both HFD and Pomc deficiency associated obesity induced cartilage degeneration as well as greater abundance of SCK and MAK in the cartilage. PomcΔ1-HFD mice did not have exacerbated OA pathology as compared to PomcΔ1-Chow mice. ACK was mildly increased in the obese groups comparing to WT-Chow. Sirt5-/- mice developed early-OA like phenotype at 40 weeks of age as characterized by cartilage fibrillation and more hypertrophic chondrocytes. Cartilage from Sirt5-/- mice also had increased SCK and MAK, while ACK remained unchanged comparing to WT mice. CONCLUSION Our data suggests that carbon stress also occurs in cartilage tissue during obesity and can potentially contribute to obesity-associated OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Liu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ohio University, OH, 45701, USA,Ohio Musculoskeletal and Neurological Institute (OMNI), Ohio University, OH, 45701, USA
| | - Thomas J. Rosol
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ohio University, OH, 45701, USA,Ohio Musculoskeletal and Neurological Institute (OMNI), Ohio University, OH, 45701, USA
| | - Roshini Sathiaseelan
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA,Oklahoma Center for Geroscience, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Shivani N. Mann
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA,Oklahoma Center for Geroscience, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Michael B. Stout
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA,Oklahoma Center for Geroscience, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Shouan Zhu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ohio University, OH, 45701, USA,Ohio Musculoskeletal and Neurological Institute (OMNI), Ohio University, OH, 45701, USA,Correspondence to Shouan Zhu: Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ohio Musculoskeletal and Neurological Institute (OMNI), Ohio University, OH, 45701, USA.
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17
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Eisenbrand G, Cohen SM, Fukushima S, Gooderham NJ, Guengerich FP, Hecht SS, Rietjens IMCM, Rosol TJ, Davidsen JM, Harman CL, Taylor SV. FEMA GRAS assessment of natural flavor complexes: Eucalyptus oil and other cyclic ether-containing flavoring ingredients. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 155:112357. [PMID: 34217737 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In 2015, the Expert Panel of the Flavor and Extract Manufacturers Association (FEMA) initiated a program for the re-evaluation of the safety of over 250 natural flavor complexes (NFCs) used as flavor ingredients. This publication, the sixth in the series, will summarize the re-evaluation of eight NFCs whose constituent profiles are characterized by significant amounts of eucalyptol and/or other cyclic ethers. This re-evaluation was based on a procedure first published in 2005 and subsequently updated in 2018 that evaluates the safety of naturally occurring mixtures for their intended use as flavoring ingredients. The procedure relies on a complete chemical characterization of the NFC intended for commerce and the organization of its chemical constituents into well-defined congeneric groups. The safety of the NFC is evaluated using the well-established and conservative threshold of toxicological concern (TTC) concept in addition to data on absorption, metabolism and toxicology of the constituents of the congeneric groups and the NFC under evaluation. Eight NFCs derived from the Eucalyptus, Melaleuca, Origanum, Laurus, Rosmarinus and Salvia genera were affirmed as generally recognized as safe (GRAS) under their conditions of intended use as flavor ingredients based on an evaluation of each NFC and the constituents and congeneric groups therein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerhard Eisenbrand
- University of Kaiserslautern, Germany (Retired), Kühler Grund 48/1, 69126, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Samuel M Cohen
- Dept. of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 983135 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-3135, USA
| | - Shoji Fukushima
- Japan Bioassay Research Center, 2445 Hirasawa, Hadano, Kanagawa, 257-0015, Japan
| | - Nigel J Gooderham
- Dept. of Metabolism, Digestion, Reproduction, Imperial College London, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - F Peter Guengerich
- Dept. of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232-0146, USA
| | - Stephen S Hecht
- Masonic Cancer Center and Dept. of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Cancer and Cardiovascular Research Building, 2231 6th St. S.E., Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Ivonne M C M Rietjens
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Thomas J Rosol
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, 1 Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
| | - Jeanne M Davidsen
- Flavor and Extract Manufacturers Association, 1101 17th Street, NW Suite 700, Washington, DC, 20036, USA
| | - Christie L Harman
- Flavor and Extract Manufacturers Association, 1101 17th Street, NW Suite 700, Washington, DC, 20036, USA
| | - Sean V Taylor
- Scientific Secretary to the FEMA Expert Panel, 1101 17th Street, NW Suite 700, Washington, DC, 20036, USA.
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18
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Cohen SM, Eisenbrand G, Fukushima S, Gooderham NJ, Guengerich FP, Hecht SS, Rietjens IMCM, Rosol TJ, Davidsen JM, Harman CL, Lu V, Taylor SV. FEMA GRAS assessment of natural flavor complexes: Origanum oil, thyme oil and related phenol derivative-containing flavoring ingredients. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 155:112378. [PMID: 34217738 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
In 2015, the Expert Panel of the Flavor and Extract Manufacturers Association (FEMA) initiated a re-evaluation of the safety of over 250 natural flavor complexes (NFCs) used as flavor ingredients, mostly consisting of a variety of essential oils and botanical extracts. This publication, seventh in the series, re-evaluates NFCs with constituent profiles dominated by phenolic derivatives including carvacrol, thymol and related compounds using a constituent-based procedure first published in 2005 and updated in 2018. The procedure is based on the chemical characterization of each NFC as intended for commerce and the estimated intake of the constituent congeneric groups. The procedure applies the threshold of toxicological concern (TTC) concept and evaluates relevant data on absorption, metabolism, genotoxic potential and toxicology of the constituent congeneric groups and the NFC under evaluation. Herein, the FEMA Expert Panel affirmed the generally recognized as safe (GRAS) status of seven phenolic derivative-based NFCs, Origanum Oil (Extractive) (FEMA 2828), Savory Summer Oil (FEMA 3013), Savory Summer Oleoresin (FEMA 3014), Savory Winter Oil (FEMA 3016), Savory Winter Oleoresin (FEMA 3017), Thyme Oil (FEMA 3064) and Thyme White Oil (FEMA 3065) under their conditions of intended use as flavor ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel M Cohen
- Dept. of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 983135 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-3135, USA
| | - Gerhard Eisenbrand
- University of Kaiserslautern, Germany (Retired), Kühler Grund 48/1, 69126, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Shoji Fukushima
- Japan Bioassay Research Center, 2445 Hirasawa, Hadano, Kanagawa, 257-0015, Japan
| | - Nigel J Gooderham
- Dept. of Metabolism, Digestion, Reproduction, Imperial College London, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - F Peter Guengerich
- Dept. of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232-0146, USA
| | - Stephen S Hecht
- Masonic Cancer Center and Dept. of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Cancer and Cardiovascular Research Building, 2231 6th St. S.E., Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Ivonne M C M Rietjens
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708, WE, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Thomas J Rosol
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, 1 Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
| | - Jeanne M Davidsen
- Flavor and Extract Manufacturers Association, 1101 17th Street NW, Suite 700, Washington, DC, 20036, USA
| | - Christie L Harman
- Flavor and Extract Manufacturers Association, 1101 17th Street NW, Suite 700, Washington, DC, 20036, USA
| | - Vivian Lu
- Flavor and Extract Manufacturers Association, 1101 17th Street NW, Suite 700, Washington, DC, 20036, USA
| | - Sean V Taylor
- Scientific Secretary to the FEMA Expert Panel, 1101 17th Street, N.W., Suite 700, Washington, D.C., 20036, USA.
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19
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Huisinga M, Bertrand L, Chamanza R, Damiani I, Engelhardt J, Francke S, Freyberger A, Harada T, Harleman J, Kaufmann W, Keane K, Köhrle J, Lenz B, Marty MS, Melching-Kollmuss S, Palazzi X, Pohlmeyer-Esch G, Popp A, Rosol TJ, Strauss V, Van den Brink-Knol H, Wood CE, Yoshida M. Adversity Considerations for Thyroid Follicular Cell Hypertrophy and Hyperplasia in Nonclinical Toxicity Studies: Results From the 6th ESTP International Expert Workshop. Toxicol Pathol 2021; 48:920-938. [PMID: 33334259 DOI: 10.1177/0192623320972009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The European Society of Toxicologic Pathology organized an expert workshop in May 2018 to address adversity considerations related to thyroid follicular cell hypertrophy and/or hyperplasia (FCHH), which is a common finding in nonclinical toxicity studies that can have important implications for risk assessment of pharmaceuticals, food additives, and environmental chemicals. The broad goal of the workshop was to facilitate better alignment in toxicologic pathology and regulatory sciences on how to determine adversity of FCHH. Key objectives were to describe common mechanisms leading to thyroid FCHH and potential functional consequences; provide working criteria to assess adversity of FCHH in context of associated findings; and describe additional methods and experimental data that may influence adversity determinations. The workshop panel was comprised of representatives from the European Union, Japan, and the United States. Participants shared case examples illustrating issues related to adversity assessments of thyroid changes. Provided here are summary discussions, key case presentations, and panel recommendations. This information should increase consistency in the interpretation of adverse changes in the thyroid based on pathology findings in nonclinical toxicity studies, help integrate new types of biomarker data into the review process, and facilitate a more systematic approach to communicating adversity determinations in toxicology reports.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lise Bertrand
- 57146Charles River Laboratories, Saint-Germain-Nuelles, France
| | - Ronnie Chamanza
- 50148Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, Beerse, Belgium
| | | | | | - Sabine Francke
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition (CFSAN), 4137US Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Josef Köhrle
- 72217Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Barbara Lenz
- Roche Pharma Research and Development, Basel, Switzerland
| | - M Sue Marty
- 540144The Dow Chemical Company, Midland, MI, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Charles E Wood
- 6893Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc, Ridgefield, CT, USA
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20
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Woicke J, Al-Haddawi MM, Bienvenu JG, Caverly Rae JM, Chanut FJ, Colman K, Cullen JM, Davis W, Fukuda R, Huisinga M, Walker UJ, Kai K, Kovi RC, Macri NP, Marxfeld HA, Nikula KJ, Pardo ID, Rosol TJ, Sharma AK, Singh BP, Tamura K, Thibodeau MS, Vezzali E, Vidal JD, Meseck EK. International Harmonization of Nomenclature and Diagnostic Criteria (INHAND): Nonproliferative and Proliferative Lesions of the Dog. Toxicol Pathol 2021; 49:5-109. [PMID: 33393871 DOI: 10.1177/0192623320968181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The INHAND (International Harmonization of Nomenclature and Diagnostic Criteria for Lesions) Project (www.toxpath.org/inhand.asp) is a joint initiative of the societies of toxicologic Pathology from Europe (ESTP), Great Britain (BSTP), Japan (JSTP), and North America (STP) to develop an internationally accepted nomenclature for proliferative and nonproliferative lesions in laboratory animals. The purpose of this publication is to provide a standardized nomenclature for classifying lesions observed in most tissues and organs from the dog used in nonclinical safety studies. Some of the lesions are illustrated by color photomicrographs. The standardized nomenclature presented in this document is also available electronically on the internet (http://www.goreni.org/). Sources of material included histopathology databases from government, academia, and industrial laboratories throughout the world. Content includes spontaneous lesions, lesions induced by exposure to test materials, and relevant infectious and parasitic lesions. A widely accepted and utilized international harmonization of nomenclature for lesions in laboratory animals will provide a common language among regulatory and scientific research organizations in different countries and increase and enrich international exchanges of information among toxicologists and pathologists.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Karyn Colman
- Genomics Institute for the Novartis Research Foundation, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - John M Cullen
- North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | | | - Ryo Fukuda
- Axcelead Drug Discovery Partners, Inc, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | | | - Kiyonori Kai
- Daiichi Sankyo Co, Ltd, Medical Safety Research Laboratories, Edogawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ramesh C Kovi
- Experimental Pathology Laboratories (EPL), Inc, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.,National Toxicology Program (NTP), US National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Thomas J Rosol
- Ohio University Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Athens, OH, USA
| | | | | | - Kazutoshi Tamura
- Pathology Department, BoZo Research Center Inc, Shizuoka, Gotemba, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Emily K Meseck
- Novartis Pharmaceutical Corporation, East Hanover, NJ, USA
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21
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Petruska JM, Adamo M, McCartney J, Aboulmali A, Rosol TJ. Evaluation of Adrenal Cortical Function in Neonatal and Weanling Laboratory Beagle Dogs. Toxicol Pathol 2021; 49:1117-1125. [PMID: 34077280 DOI: 10.1177/01926233211009492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The most common target organ for toxicity in the endocrine system is the adrenal gland, and its function is dependent upon the hypothalamus and pituitary gland. Histopathologic examination of the adrenal glands and pituitary gland is routinely performed in toxicity studies. However, the function of the adrenal gland is not routinely assessed in toxicity studies. Assessment of adrenal cortical function may be necessary to determine whether a histopathologic finding in the adrenal cortex results in a functional effect in the test species. As juvenile toxicity studies are more commonly performed in support of pediatric indications for pharmaceuticals, it is important to establish historical control data for adrenal gland function. In this study, adrenal cortical function was assessed in control neonatal and weanling beagle dogs as part of an ongoing juvenile toxicology program. Measurements of serum adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), cortisol prior to and following administration of exogenous ACTH, and aldosterone were conducted beginning at 2 weeks of age continuing through 26 weeks of age. Serum electrolyte concentrations were determined at 4, 13, and 26 weeks of age. Dogs as young as 2 weeks of age synthesize and secrete adrenal cortical hormones and exhibit a functional hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet M Petruska
- PTC Therapeutics, Inc, South Plainfield, NJ, USA.,1434Texas Commission on Environmental Quality, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Maria Adamo
- 70294Charles River Laboratories Montreal ULC, Senneville, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jeffrey McCartney
- 70294Charles River Laboratories Montreal ULC, Senneville, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ahamat Aboulmali
- 70294Charles River Laboratories Montreal ULC, Senneville, Quebec, Canada
| | - Thomas J Rosol
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, 1354Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
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22
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Rosol TJ, Witorsch RJ. Ethyl acrylate (EA) exposure and thyroid carcinogenicity in rats and mice with relevance to human health. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2021; 124:104961. [PMID: 34015422 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2021.104961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Ethyl acrylate (EA) was classified by IARC as a Group-2B Carcinogen based, in part, on data suggesting increased incidence of thyroid neoplasia in rats and mice exposed chronically to EA vapors. We examined chronic exposure of rats and mice to EA vapors, evaluated the data on the incidence of thyroid follicular neoplasia, and determined the relevance of thyroid tumors to human health risk. The data revealed a small statistically significant increase in thyroid tumors in EA-exposed male rats and mice. The tumor incidences were within the range of historical controls and were not consistently dose-dependent. Most thyroid tumors in exposed animals were benign. Chronic exposure of EA to rats and mice (drinking water or gavage) and dogs (capsules) had no evidence of thyroid neoplasia. Results from chronic studies, in vivo and in vitro data, and ToxCastTM/Tox 21 HTPS did not support genotoxic/mutagenic potential for EA. This suggests that the associations between EA exposure and thyroid neoplasia represent chance or random observations rather than a compound-mediated effect. Due to species-specific physiological differences, the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis of rodents is more sensitive to endocrine disruptive chemicals than that of humans which further suggests that findings in rodents have questionable relevance to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Rosol
- Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA.
| | - Raphael J Witorsch
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA.
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23
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Toribio RE, Young N, Schlesinger LS, Cope FO, Ralph DA, Jarjour W, Rosol TJ. Cy3-tilmanocept labeling of macrophages in joints of mice with antibody-induced arthritis and synovium of human patients with rheumatoid arthritis. J Orthop Res 2021; 39:821-830. [PMID: 33107629 DOI: 10.1002/jor.24900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
γ-Tilmanocept (99m Tc-tilmanocept) is a receptor-directed, radiolabeled tracer that is FDA-approved for guiding sentinel lymph node biopsy. Tilmanocept binds the C-type lectin mannose receptor (MR, CD206) on macrophages. In this study, nonradioactive, fluorescently-labeled Cy3-tilmanocept was used to detect CD206+ mononuclear cells in the cartilage of mice with antibody-induced arthritis and in the synovial fluid and tissue of human subjects with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) for comparison with osteoarthritis (OA), and healthy volunteer (HV) controls. Murine arthritis was induced by injection of monoclonal anti-cartilage antibody followed by injection of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide. Post-arthritis development (7-11 days), the mice were injected intravenously with Cy3-tilmanocept followed by in vivo and ex vivo epifluorescence imaging. Two-photon imaging, immunofluorescence, and immunohistochemistry were used to identify articular and synovial macrophages (CD206, F4/80, and Cy3-tilmanocept binding) in murine tissues. Cy3-tilmanocept epifluorescence was present in arthritic knees and elbows of murine tissues; no radiographic changes were noted in the skeletons. However, inflammatory arthritic changes were apparent by histopathology and immunohistochemistry (F4/80), immunofluorescence (CD206) and Cy3-tilmanocept binding. In human RA synovial fluid, Cy3-tilmanocept staining correlated with CD206+ /CD16+ cells; negligible labeling was observed in OA samples. Cy3-tilmanocept colocalized with CD206 and staining was significantly higher in RA synovial tissue compared to OA or HV. Our results demonstrate that imaging with Cy3-tilmanocept can detect in vivo inflammatory, CD206+ macrophages in an early arthritis animal model and in human RA patients. These data establish a novel tool for preclinical research of early arthritis and have implications for early RA detection and monitoring of therapeutic efficacy in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramiro E Toribio
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Nicholas Young
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Larry S Schlesinger
- Department of Microbial Infection & Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Fred O Cope
- Navidea Biopharmaceuticals, Inc., Dublin, Ohio, USA.,Physis International LLC, Westerville, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Wael Jarjour
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Thomas J Rosol
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA
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24
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Lanigan LG, Hildreth BE, Dirksen WP, Simmons JK, Martin CK, Werbeck JL, Thudi NK, Papenfuss TL, Boyaka PN, Toribio RE, Ward JM, Weilbaecher KN, Rosol TJ. In Vivo Tumorigenesis, Osteolytic Sarcomas, and Tumorigenic Cell Lines from Transgenic Mice Expressing the Human T-Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 (HTLV-1) Tax Viral Oncogene. Am J Pathol 2021; 191:335-352. [PMID: 33181139 PMCID: PMC7863134 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2020.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) causes adult T-cell leukemia, a disease commonly associated with hypercalcemia and osteolysis. There is no effective treatment for HTLV-1, and the osteolytic mechanisms are not fully understood. Mice expressing the HTLV-1 oncogene Tax, driven by the human granzyme B promoter (Tax+), develop osteolytic tumors. To investigate the progression of the bone-invasive malignancies, wild-type, Tax+, and Tax+/interferon-γ-/- mice were assessed using necropsy, histologic examination, IHC analysis, flow cytometry, and advanced imaging. Tax+ and Tax+/interferon-γ-/- malignancies of the ear, tail, and foot comprised poorly differentiated, round to spindle-shaped cells with prominent neutrophilic infiltrates. Tail tumors originated from muscle, nerve, and/or tendon sheaths, with frequent invasion into adjacent bone. F4/80+ and anti-mouse CD11b (Mac-1)+ histiocytic cells predominated within the tumors. Three Tax+/interferon-γ-/- cell lines were generated for in vivo allografts, in vitro gene expression and bone resorption assays. Two cell lines were of monocyte/macrophage origin, and tumors formed in vivo in all three. Differences in Pthrp, Il6, Il1a, Il1b, and Csf3 expression in vitro were correlated with differences in in vivo plasma calcium levels, tumor growth, metastasis, and neutrophilic inflammation. Tax+ mouse tumors were classified as bone-invasive histiocytic sarcomas. The cell lines are ideal for further examination of the role of HTLV-1 Tax in osteolytic tumor formation and the development of hypercalcemia and tumor-associated inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa G Lanigan
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio; Tox Path Specialists, a StageBio Company, Fredrick, Maryland
| | - Blake E Hildreth
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio; Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Wessel P Dirksen
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Jessica K Simmons
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Chelsea K Martin
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio; Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Prince Edward Island, Atlantic Veterinary College, Prince Edward Island, Canada
| | - Jillian L Werbeck
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Nandu K Thudi
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Tracey L Papenfuss
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Prosper N Boyaka
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Ramiro E Toribio
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | | | - Katherine N Weilbaecher
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Thomas J Rosol
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio.
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25
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Simpson RM, Hoover SB, Davis BJ, Hickerson J, Miller MA, Kiupel M, Cullen JM, Dwyer JE, Wei BR, Rosol TJ, Kornegay JN, Samal SK. Inter-Institutional Partnerships to Develop Veterinarian-Investigators through the NIH Comparative Biomedical Scientist Training Program Benefit One Health Goals. J Vet Med Educ 2020; 47:619-631. [PMID: 33231519 DOI: 10.3138/jvme.2019-0091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Limitations in workforce size and access to resources remain perennial challenges to greater progress in academic veterinary medicine and engagement between human and veterinary medicine (One Health). Ongoing resource constraints occur in part due to limited public understanding of the role veterinarians play in improving human health. One Health interactions, particularly through interdisciplinary collaborations in biomedical research, present constructive opportunities to inform resource policies and advance health care. To this end, inter-institutional partnerships between individual veterinary medical education programs (VMEPs) and several National Institutes of Health (NIH) intramural research programs have created synergies beyond those provided by individual programs. In the NIH Comparative Biomedical Scientist Training Program (CBSTP), interdisciplinary cross-training of veterinarians consisting of specialty veterinary medicine coupled with training in human disease research leading to a PhD, occurs collaboratively on both VMEP and NIH campuses. Pre-doctoral veterinary student research opportunities have also been made available. Through the CBSTP, NIH investigators and national biomedical science policy makers gain access to veterinary perspective and expertise, while veterinarians obtain additional opportunities for NIH-funded research training. CBSTP Fellows serve as de facto ambassadors enhancing visibility for the profession while in residence at NIH, and subsequently through a variety of university, industry, and government research appointments, as graduates. Thus, the CBSTP represents an inter-institutional opportunity that not only addresses critical needs for veterinarian-scientists in the biomedical workforce, but also simultaneously exposes national policy makers to veterinarian-scientists' specialized training, leading to more effective realization of One Health goals to benefit human and animal health.
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26
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Gooderham NJ, Cohen SM, Eisenbrand G, Fukushima S, Guengerich FP, Hecht SS, Rietjens IMCM, Rosol TJ, Davidsen JM, Harman CL, Murray IJ, Taylor SV. FEMA GRAS assessment of natural flavor complexes: Clove, cinnamon leaf and West Indian bay leaf-derived flavoring ingredients. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 145:111585. [PMID: 32702506 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
In 2015, the Expert Panel of the Flavor and Extract Manufacturers Association initiated the safety re-evaluation of over 250 natural flavor complexes (NFCs) used as flavor ingredients. This publication, 4th in a series focusing on the safety evaluation of NFCs, presents an evaluation of NFCs rich in hydroxyallylbenzene and hydroxypropenylbenzene constituents using a procedure initially published in 2005 and updated in 2018 that evaluates the safety of naturally occurring mixtures for their intended use as flavoring ingredients. The procedure requires the characterization of the chemical composition for each NFC and subsequent organization of the constituents into defined congeneric groups. The safety of each NFC is evaluated using the conservative threshold of toxicological concern (TTC) approach together with studies on absorption, metabolism and toxicology of the NFC and its constituent congeneric groups. By the application of this procedure, seven NFCs, derived from clove, cinnamon leaf and West Indian bay leaf were affirmed as "generally recognized as safe (GRAS)" under their conditions of intended use as flavor ingredients. An eighth NFC, an oleoresin of West Indian bay leaf, was affirmed based on its estimated intake, which is below the TTC of 0.15 μg/person per day for compounds with structural alerts for genotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nigel J Gooderham
- Dept. of Metabolism, Digestion, Reproduction, Imperial College London, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Samuel M Cohen
- Havlik-Wall Professor of Oncology, Dept. of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 983135 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-3135, USA
| | - Gerhard Eisenbrand
- Senior Research Professor of Food Chemistry & Toxicology, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany (Retired), Kühler Grund 48/1, 69126, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Shoji Fukushima
- Japan Bioassay Research Center, 2445 Hirasawa, Hadano, Kanagawa, 257-0015, Japan
| | - F Peter Guengerich
- Tadashi Inagami Professor of Biochemistry, Dept. of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232-0146 USA
| | - Stephen S Hecht
- Wallin Professor of Cancer Prevention, Masonic Cancer Center and Dept. of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, MMC 806, 420 Delaware St., S.E., Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Ivonne M C M Rietjens
- Professor of Toxicology, Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Thomas J Rosol
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, 1 Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
| | - Jeanne M Davidsen
- Flavor and Extract Manufacturers Association, 1101 17th Street NW, Suite 700, Washington, DC 20036, USA
| | - Christie L Harman
- Flavor and Extract Manufacturers Association, 1101 17th Street NW, Suite 700, Washington, DC 20036, USA
| | - Ian J Murray
- Flavor and Extract Manufacturers Association, 1101 17th Street NW, Suite 700, Washington, DC 20036, USA
| | - Sean V Taylor
- Flavor and Extract Manufacturers Association, 1101 17th Street NW, Suite 700, Washington, DC 20036, USA.
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27
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Kamr AM, Dembek KA, Gilsenan W, Bozorgmanesh R, Hassan HY, Rosol TJ, Toribio RE. C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen, osteocalcin, alkaline phosphatase, and parathyroid hormone in healthy and hospitalized foals. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2020; 72:106470. [PMID: 32408050 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2020.106470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Hypocalcemia is a common finding in critically ill equine patients. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) helps to maintain calcium homeostasis in hypocalcemic patients by promoting renal calcium reabsorption and bone resorption. Increased serum PTH concentrations have been reported in critically ill people and animals, including horses and foals. It is unknown whether increased secretion of PTH is associated with markers of bone turnover in hospitalized foals. The goals of this study were to measure markers of bone resorption (C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen [CTX-I]) and bone formation (osteocalcin [OCN]; alkaline phosphatase [ALP]) and to determine their association with PTH concentrations, disease severity, and mortality in hospitalized foals. This prospective, multicenter, cross-sectional study was conducted on 75 newborn foals ≤3 d old divided into hospitalized (n = 65; 41 septic; 24 sick nonseptic) and healthy (n = 10) groups. Blood samples were collected on admission to measure serum CTX-I, OCN, and PTH concentrations and ALP activity. Data were analyzed by nonparametric methods and univariate logistic regression. Serum CTX-I and PTH concentrations were significantly higher, whereas OCN concentrations were lower, in septic compared with healthy foals (P < 0.05). Serum ALP activity was not different between groups; however, it was lower in hospitalized and septic foals with low OCN concentrations (P < 0.05). In hospitalized foals, PTH concentrations were positively correlated with CTX-I concentrations and inversely associated with ALP activity (P < 0.05). High CTX-I and low OCN concentrations were associated with disease severity (P < 0.05). Hospitalized nonsurviving foals had significantly lower OCN concentrations compared with survivors (P < 0.05), but CTX-I concentrations were not associated with survival. Hospitalized foals with PTH concentrations >12.4 pmol/L were more likely to die (OR = 1.5; 95% CI = 1.1-4.16; P < 0.05). Elevated PTH and CTX-I together with reduced OCN concentrations and ALP activity in sick foals indicates that bone resorption is increased during critical illness, which may be a compensatory mechanism to correct hypocalcemia or reflect a response to systemic inflammation and metabolic imbalances. Bone resorption could negatively impact skeletal development in the growing foal. Low OCN and high PTH concentrations were predictors of nonsurvival in hospitalized foals.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Kamr
- College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - K A Dembek
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50010, USA
| | - W Gilsenan
- Rood and Riddle Equine Hospital, Lexington, KY 40511, USA
| | - R Bozorgmanesh
- Hagyard Equine Medical Institute, Lexington, KY 40511, USA
| | - H Y Hassan
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - T J Rosol
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
| | - R E Toribio
- College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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28
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Elshafae SM, Dirksen WP, Alasonyalilar-Demirer A, Breitbach J, Yuan S, Kantake N, Supsavhad W, Hassan BB, Attia Z, Rosol TJ. Canine prostatic cancer cell line (LuMa) with osteoblastic bone metastasis. Prostate 2020; 80:698-714. [PMID: 32348616 PMCID: PMC7291846 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoblastic bone metastasis represents the most common complication in men with prostate cancer (PCa). During progression and bone metastasis, PCa cells acquire properties similar to bone cells in a phenomenon called osteomimicry, which promotes their ability to metastasize, proliferate, and survive in the bone microenvironment. The mechanism of osteomimicry resulting in osteoblastic bone metastasis is unclear. METHODS We developed and characterized a novel canine prostatic cancer cell line (LuMa) that will be useful to investigate the relationship between osteoblastic bone metastasis and osteomimicry in PCa. The LuMa cell line was established from a primary prostate carcinoma of a 13-year old mixed breed castrated male dog. Cell proliferation and gene expression of LuMa were measured and compared to three other canine prostatic cancer cell lines (Probasco, Ace-1, and Leo) in vitro. The effect of LuMa cells on calvaria and murine preosteoblastic (MC3T3-E1) cells was measured by quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction and alkaline phosphatase assay. LuMa cells were transduced with luciferase for monitoring in vivo tumor growth and metastasis using different inoculation routes (subcutaneous, intratibial [IT], and intracardiac [IC]). Xenograft tumors and metastases were evaluated using radiography and histopathology. RESULTS After left ventricular injection, LuMa cells metastasized to bone, brain, and adrenal glands. IT injections induced tumors with intramedullary new bone formation. LuMa cells had the highest messenger RNA levels of osteomimicry genes (RUNX2, RANKL, and Osteopontin [OPN]), CD44, E-cadherin, and MYOF compared to Ace-1, Probasco, and Leo cells. LuMa cells induced growth in calvaria defects and modulated gene expression in MC3T3-E1 cells. CONCLUSIONS LuMa is a novel canine PCa cell line with osteomimicry and stemness properties. LuMa cells induced osteoblastic bone formation in vitro and in vivo. LuMa PCa cells will serve as an excellent model for studying the mechanisms of osteomimicry and osteoblastic bone and brain metastasis in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Said M. Elshafae
- Dept. of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Dept. of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
- Dept. of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Wessel P. Dirksen
- Dept. of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Dept. of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Aylin Alasonyalilar-Demirer
- Dept. of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bursa Uludag University, Turkey
| | - Justin Breitbach
- Dept. of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Shiyu Yuan
- Dept. of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Noriko Kantake
- Dept. of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Wachiraphan Supsavhad
- Dept. of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Bardes B. Hassan
- Dept. of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Dept. of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Zayed Attia
- Dept. of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Dept. of Animal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sadat City University, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Thomas J. Rosol
- Dept. of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
- Correspondence to: Dr. Thomas Rosol, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, 225 Irvine Hall, Athens, OH 45701, USA. , Phone: 740.593.2405
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Gooderham NJ, Cohen SM, Eisenbrand G, Fukushima S, Guengerich FP, Hecht SS, Rietjens IMCM, Rosol TJ, Bastaki M, Linman MJ, Taylor SV. The safety evaluation of food flavoring substances: the role of genotoxicity studies. Crit Rev Toxicol 2020; 50:1-27. [PMID: 32162576 DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2020.1712589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The Flavor and Extract Manufacturers Association (FEMA) Expert Panel relies on the weight of evidence from all available data in the safety evaluation of flavoring substances. This process includes data from genotoxicity studies designed to assess the potential of a chemical agent to react with DNA or otherwise cause changes to DNA, either in vitro or in vivo. The Panel has reviewed a large number of in vitro and in vivo genotoxicity studies during the course of its ongoing safety evaluations of flavorings. The adherence of genotoxicity studies to standardized protocols and guidelines, the biological relevance of the results from those studies, and the human relevance of these studies are all important considerations in assessing whether the results raise specific concerns for genotoxic potential. The Panel evaluates genotoxicity studies not only for evidence of genotoxicity hazard, but also for the probability of risk to the consumer in the context of exposure from their use as flavoring substances. The majority of flavoring substances have given no indication of genotoxic potential in studies evaluated by the FEMA Expert Panel. Examples illustrating the assessment of genotoxicity data for flavoring substances and the consideration of the factors noted above are provided. The weight of evidence approach adopted by the FEMA Expert Panel leads to a rational assessment of risk associated with consumer intake of flavoring substances under the conditions of use.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Samuel M Cohen
- Havlik-Wall Professor of Oncology, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Gerhard Eisenbrand
- Food Chemistry & Toxicology, University of Kaiserslautern (retired), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - F Peter Guengerich
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Stephen S Hecht
- Masonic Cancer Center and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | - Thomas J Rosol
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Maria Bastaki
- Flavor and Extract Manufacturers Association, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Matthew J Linman
- Flavor and Extract Manufacturers Association, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Sean V Taylor
- Flavor and Extract Manufacturers Association, Washington, DC, USA
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Abstract
Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine malignancy in dogs. Dogs and humans are similar in the spontaneous development of thyroid cancer and metastasis to lungs; however, thyroid cancer has a higher incidence of metastasis in dogs. This study developed a preclinical nude mouse model of canine thyroid cancer using a canine thyroid adenocarcinoma cell line (CTAC) and measured the expression of important invasion and metastasis genes in spontaneous canine thyroid carcinomas and CTAC cells. CTAC cells were examined by electron microscopy. Short tandem repeat analysis was performed for both the original neoplasm and CTAC cells. CTAC cells were transduced with luciferase and injected subcutaneously and into the tail vein. Tumors and metastases were monitored using bioluminescent imaging and confirmed with gross necropsy and histopathology. Invasion and metastasis genes were characterized in 8 follicular thyroid carcinomas (FTCs), 4 C-cell thyroid carcinomas, 3 normal thyroids, and CTAC cells. CTAC cells grew well as xenografts in the subcutis, and they resembled the primary neoplasm. Metastasis to the kidney and lung occurred infrequently following subcutaneous and tail vein injection of CTAC cells. STR analysis confirmed that CTAC cells were derived from the original neoplasm and were of canine origin. Finally, 24 genes were differentially expressed in spontaneous canine thyroid carcinomas, CTAC, and normal thyroids. This study demonstrated the usefulness of a nude mouse model of experimental canine thyroid carcinoma and identified potential molecular targets of canine follicular and C-cell thyroid carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bardes B Hassan
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Lucas A Altstadt
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Wessel P Dirksen
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Said M Elshafae
- Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Kalyubia, Egypt
| | - Thomas J Rosol
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
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Rietjens IM, Cohen SM, Eisenbrand G, Fukushima S, Gooderham NJ, Guengerich FP, Hecht SS, Rosol TJ, Davidsen JM, Harman CL, Murray IJ, Taylor SV. FEMA GRAS assessment of natural flavor complexes: Cinnamomum and Myroxylon-derived flavoring ingredients. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 135:110949. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.110949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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32
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Kohart NA, Elshafae SM, Supsahvad W, Alasonyalilar-Demirer A, Panfil AR, Xiang J, Dirksen WP, Veis DJ, Green PL, Weilbaecher KN, Rosol TJ. Mouse model recapitulates the phenotypic heterogeneity of human adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma in bone. J Bone Oncol 2019; 19:100257. [PMID: 31871882 PMCID: PMC6911918 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbo.2019.100257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma has a unique relationship to bone including latency in the marrow, and development of bone invasion, osteolytic tumors and humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy. To study these conditions, we established and characterized a novel mouse model of ATL bone metastasis. Patient-derived ATL cell lines including three that do not express HTLV-1 oncoprotein Tax (ATL-ED, RV-ATL, TL-Om1), an in vitro transformed human T-cell line with high Tax expression (HT-1RV), and an HTLV-1 negative T-cell lymphoma (Jurkat) were injected intratibially into NSG mice, and were capable of proliferating and modifying the bone microenvironment. Radiography, μCT, histopathology, immunohistochemistry, plasma calcium concentrations, and qRT-PCR for several tumor-bone signaling mRNAs were performed. Luciferase-positive ATL-ED bone tumors allowed for in vivo imaging and visualization of bone tumor growth and metastasis over time. ATL-ED and HT-1RV cells caused mixed osteolytic/osteoblastic bone tumors, TL-Om1 cells exhibited minimal bone involvement and aggressive local invasion into the adjacent soft tissues, Jurkat cells proliferated within bone marrow and induced minimal bone cell response, and RV-ATL cells caused marked osteolysis. This mouse model revealed important mechanisms of human ATL bone neoplasms and will be useful to investigate biological interactions, potential therapeutic targets, and new bone-targeted agents for the prevention of ATL metastases to bone.
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Key Words
- ATL, adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma
- Bone resorption
- HHM, humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy
- HTLV-1
- HTLV-1, Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1
- Hbz, HTLV-1 basic zipper protein
- Lymphoma
- Metastasis
- Mouse model
- NK, natural killer
- NOD, non-obese diabetic
- NSG, NOD-scid IL2Rgammanull
- SCID, CB17-Prkdcscid
- Tax, transcriptional activator from the X region
- qRT-PCR, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction
- μCT, micro-computed tomography
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole A. Kohart
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Said M. Elshafae
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Kalyubia 3736, Egypt
| | - Wachirapan Supsahvad
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Aylin Alasonyalilar-Demirer
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bursa Uludag University, 16059 Bursa, Turkey
| | - Amanda R. Panfil
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Jingyu Xiang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Wessel P. Dirksen
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Deborah J. Veis
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Patrick L. Green
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Katherine N. Weilbaecher
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Thomas J. Rosol
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, 225 Irvine Hall, Athens, OH 45701, USA
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Kohart NA, Elshafae SM, Demirer AA, Dirksen WP, Breitbach JT, Shu ST, Xiang J, Weilbaecher KN, Rosol TJ. Parathyroid hormone-related protein promotes bone loss in T-cell leukemia as well as in solid tumors. Leuk Lymphoma 2019; 61:409-419. [PMID: 31592701 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2019.1672055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) and macrophage inflammatory protein-1α (MIP-1α) are important factors that increase bone resorption and hypercalcemia in adult T-cell leukemia (ATL). We investigated the role of PTHrP and MIP-1α in the development of local osteolytic lesions in T-cell leukemia through overexpression in Jurkat T-cells. Injections of Jurkat-PTHrP and Jurkat-MIP-1α into the tibia and the left ventricle of NSG mice were performed to evaluate tumor growth and metastasis in vivo. Jurkat-pcDNA tibial neoplasms grew at a significantly greater rate and total tibial tumor burden was significantly greater than Jurkat-PTHrP neoplasms. Despite the lower tibial tumor burden, Jurkat-PTHrP bone neoplasms had significantly greater osteolysis than Jurkat-pcDNA and Jurkat-MIP-1α neoplasms. Jurkat-PTHrP and Jurkat-pcDNA cells preferentially metastasized to bone following intracardiac injection, though the overall metastatic burden was lower in Jurkat-PTHrP mice. These findings demonstrate that PTHrP induced pathologic osteolysis in T-cell leukemia but did not increase the incidence of skeletal metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole A Kohart
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Said M Elshafae
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Kalyubia, Egypt
| | - Aylin A Demirer
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Wessel P Dirksen
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Justin T Breitbach
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Sherry T Shu
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jingyu Xiang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Katherine N Weilbaecher
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Thomas J Rosol
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
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Xiang J, Rauch DA, Huey DD, Panfil AR, Cheng X, Esser AK, Su X, Harding JC, Xu Y, Fox GC, Fontana F, Kobayashi T, Su J, Sundaramoorthi H, Wong WH, Jia Y, Rosol TJ, Veis DJ, Green PL, Niewiesk S, Ratner L, Weilbaecher KN. HTLV-1 viral oncogene HBZ drives bone destruction in adult T cell leukemia. JCI Insight 2019; 4:128713. [PMID: 31578308 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.128713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteolytic bone lesions and hypercalcemia are common, serious complications in adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL), an aggressive T cell malignancy associated with human T cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) infection. The HTLV-1 viral oncogene HBZ has been implicated in ATL tumorigenesis and bone loss. In this study, we evaluated the role of HBZ on ATL-associated bone destruction using HTLV-1 infection and disease progression mouse models. Humanized mice infected with HTLV-1 developed lymphoproliferative disease and continuous, progressive osteolytic bone lesions. HTLV-1 lacking HBZ displayed only modest delays to lymphoproliferative disease but significantly decreased disease-associated bone loss compared with HTLV-1-infected mice. Gene expression array of acute ATL patient samples demonstrated increased expression of RANKL, a critical regulator of osteoclasts. We found that HBZ regulated RANKL in a c-Fos-dependent manner. Treatment of HTLV-1-infected humanized mice with denosumab, a monoclonal antibody against human RANKL, alleviated bone loss. Using patient-derived xenografts from primary human ATL cells to induce lymphoproliferative disease, we also observed profound tumor-induced bone destruction and increased c-Fos and RANKL gene expression. Together, these data show the critical role of HBZ in driving ATL-associated bone loss through RANKL and identify denosumab as a potential treatment to prevent bone complications in ATL patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Xiang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Daniel A Rauch
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Devra D Huey
- Center for Retrovirus Research, Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Amanda R Panfil
- Center for Retrovirus Research, Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Xiaogang Cheng
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Alison K Esser
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Xinming Su
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - John C Harding
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Yalin Xu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Gregory C Fox
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Francesca Fontana
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Takayuki Kobayashi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Junyi Su
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Hemalatha Sundaramoorthi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Wing Hing Wong
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Yizhen Jia
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Thomas J Rosol
- Center for Retrovirus Research, Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA
| | - Deborah J Veis
- Department of Medicine, Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Patrick L Green
- Center for Retrovirus Research, Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Stefan Niewiesk
- Center for Retrovirus Research, Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Lee Ratner
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Katherine N Weilbaecher
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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Carey HA, Hildreth BE, Samuvel DJ, Thies KA, Rosol TJ, Toribio RE, Charles JF, Ostrowski MC, Sharma SM. Eomes partners with PU.1 and MITF to Regulate Transcription Factors Critical for osteoclast differentiation. iScience 2019; 11:238-245. [PMID: 30634169 PMCID: PMC6327072 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2018.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone-resorbing osteoclasts (OCs) are derived from myeloid precursors (MPs). Several transcription factors are implicated in OC differentiation and function; however, their hierarchical architecture and interplay are not well known. Analysis for enriched motifs in PU.1 and MITF chromatin immunoprecipitation coupled with high-throughput sequencing (ChIP-seq) data from differentiating OCs identified eomesodermin (EOMES) as a potential novel binding partner of PU.1 and MITF at genes critical for OC differentiation and function. We were able to demonstrate using co-immunoprecipitation and sequential ChIP analysis that PU.1, MITF, and EOMES are in the same complex and present as a complex at OC genomic loci. Furthermore, EOMES knockdown in MPs led to osteopetrosis associated with decreased OC differentiation and function both in vitro and in vivo. Although EOMES is associated with embryonic development and other hematopoietic lineages, this is the first study demonstrating the requirement of EOMES in the myeloid compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather A Carey
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Blake E Hildreth
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Hollings Cancer Center, 86 Jonathan Lucas St, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Devadoss J Samuvel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Hollings Cancer Center, 86 Jonathan Lucas St, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Katie A Thies
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Hollings Cancer Center, 86 Jonathan Lucas St, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Thomas J Rosol
- College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
| | - Ramiro E Toribio
- College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Julia F Charles
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael C Ostrowski
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Hollings Cancer Center, 86 Jonathan Lucas St, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
| | - Sudarshana M Sharma
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Hollings Cancer Center, 86 Jonathan Lucas St, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
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36
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Pitarresi JR, Liu X, Avendano A, Thies KA, Sizemore GM, Hammer AM, Hildreth BE, Wang DJ, Steck SA, Donohue S, Cuitiño MC, Kladney RD, Mace TA, Chang JJ, Ennis CS, Li H, Reeves RH, Blackshaw S, Zhang J, Yu L, Fernandez SA, Frankel WL, Bloomston M, Rosol TJ, Lesinski GB, Konieczny SF, Guttridge DC, Rustgi AK, Leone G, Song JW, Wu J, Ostrowski MC. Disruption of stromal hedgehog signaling initiates RNF5-mediated proteasomal degradation of PTEN and accelerates pancreatic tumor growth. Life Sci Alliance 2018; 1:e201800190. [PMID: 30456390 PMCID: PMC6238420 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.201800190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Disrupting paracrine Hedgehog signaling in pancreatic cancer stroma through genetic deletion of fibroblast Smoothened leads to proteasomal degradation of fibroblast PTEN and accelerates tumor growth. The contribution of the tumor microenvironment to pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) development is currently unclear. We therefore examined the consequences of disrupting paracrine Hedgehog (HH) signaling in PDAC stroma. Herein, we show that ablation of the key HH signaling gene Smoothened (Smo) in stromal fibroblasts led to increased proliferation of pancreatic tumor cells. Furthermore, Smo deletion resulted in proteasomal degradation of the tumor suppressor PTEN and activation of oncogenic protein kinase B (AKT) in fibroblasts. An unbiased proteomic screen identified RNF5 as a novel E3 ubiquitin ligase responsible for degradation of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) in Smo-null fibroblasts. Ring Finger Protein 5 (Rnf5) knockdown or pharmacological inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSKβ), the kinase that marks PTEN for ubiquitination, rescued PTEN levels and reversed the oncogenic phenotype, identifying a new node of PTEN regulation. In PDAC patients, low stromal PTEN correlated with reduced overall survival. Mechanistically, PTEN loss decreased hydraulic permeability of the extracellular matrix, which was reversed by hyaluronidase treatment. These results define non-cell autonomous tumor-promoting mechanisms activated by disruption of the HH/PTEN axis and identifies new targets for restoring stromal tumor-suppressive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason R Pitarresi
- Ohio State Biochemistry Graduate Program, The Ohio State University Columbus, Columbus, OH, USA.,Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine and Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Xin Liu
- Ohio State Biochemistry Graduate Program, The Ohio State University Columbus, Columbus, OH, USA.,Department of Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Alex Avendano
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering and Ohio State Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Katie A Thies
- Hollings Cancer Center and Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Gina M Sizemore
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Ohio State Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Anisha M Hammer
- Ohio State Biochemistry Graduate Program, The Ohio State University Columbus, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Blake E Hildreth
- Hollings Cancer Center and Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - David J Wang
- Hollings Cancer Center and the Darby Children's Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Sarah A Steck
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Ohio State Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Sydney Donohue
- Cancer Biology & Genetics Department and Ohio State Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Maria C Cuitiño
- Hollings Cancer Center and Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.,Ohio State Biochemistry Graduate Program, The Ohio State University Columbus, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Raleigh D Kladney
- Cancer Biology & Genetics Department and Ohio State Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Thomas A Mace
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jonathan J Chang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering and Ohio State Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Christina S Ennis
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering and Ohio State Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Huiqing Li
- Department of Physiology and McKusick-Nathans Institute for Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Roger H Reeves
- Department of Physiology and McKusick-Nathans Institute for Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Seth Blackshaw
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jianying Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Informatics' and Center for Biostatistics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Lianbo Yu
- Department of Biomedical Informatics' and Center for Biostatistics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Soledad A Fernandez
- Department of Biomedical Informatics' and Center for Biostatistics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Wendy L Frankel
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Mark Bloomston
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Thomas J Rosol
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Gregory B Lesinski
- Department of Hematology & Medical Oncology and Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Stephen F Konieczny
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue Center for Cancer Research and Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Denis C Guttridge
- Ohio State Biochemistry Graduate Program, The Ohio State University Columbus, Columbus, OH, USA.,Hollings Cancer Center and the Darby Children's Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Anil K Rustgi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine and Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Gustavo Leone
- Hollings Cancer Center and Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.,Ohio State Biochemistry Graduate Program, The Ohio State University Columbus, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jonathan W Song
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering and Ohio State Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jinghai Wu
- Cancer Biology & Genetics Department and Ohio State Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Michael C Ostrowski
- Hollings Cancer Center and Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.,Ohio State Biochemistry Graduate Program, The Ohio State University Columbus, Columbus, OH, USA
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Brändli-Baiocco A, Balme E, Bruder M, Chandra S, Hellmann J, Hoenerhoff MJ, Kambara T, Landes C, Lenz B, Mense M, Rittinghausen S, Satoh H, Schorsch F, Seeliger F, Tanaka T, Tsuchitani M, Wojcinski Z, Rosol TJ. Nonproliferative and Proliferative Lesions of the Rat and Mouse Endocrine System. J Toxicol Pathol 2018; 31:1S-95S. [PMID: 30158740 PMCID: PMC6108091 DOI: 10.1293/tox.31.1s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The INHAND (International Harmonization of Nomenclature and Diagnostic Criteria for
Lesions in Rats and Mice) Project (www.toxpath.org/inhand.asp) is a joint initiative among
the Societies of Toxicological Pathology from Europe (ESTP), Great Britain (BSTP), Japan
(JSTP) and North America (STP) to develop an internationally accepted nomenclature for
proliferative and nonproliferative lesions in laboratory animals. The purpose of this
publication is to provide a standardized nomenclature for classifying microscopic lesions
observed in the endocrine organs (pituitary gland, pineal gland, thyroid gland,
parathyroid glands, adrenal glands and pancreatic islets) of laboratory rats and mice,
with color photomicrographs illustrating examples of the lesions. The standardized
nomenclature presented in this document is also available electronically on the internet
(http://www.goreni.org/). Sources of material included histopathology databases from
government, academia, and industrial laboratories throughout the world. Content includes
spontaneous and aging lesions as well as lesions induced by exposure to test materials. A
widely accepted and utilized international harmonization of nomenclature for endocrine
lesions in laboratory animals will decrease confusion among regulatory and scientific
research organizations in different countries and provide a common language to increase
and enrich international exchanges of information among toxicologists and
pathologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annamaria Brändli-Baiocco
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Marc Bruder
- Compugen, Inc., Nonclinical Safety, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | | | - Mark J Hoenerhoff
- In Vivo Animal Core, Unit for Laboratory Animal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan USA
| | | | - Christian Landes
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Barbara Lenz
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Hiroshi Satoh
- Iwate University, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate, Japan
| | | | - Frank Seeliger
- AstraZeneca Pathology, Drug Safety and Metabolism, IMED Biotech Unit, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Takuji Tanaka
- Tohkai Cytopathology Institute, Cancer Research and Prevention, Gifu, Japan
| | - Minoru Tsuchitani
- LSI Medience Corporation, Nonclinical Research Center, Ibaraki, Japan
| | | | - Thomas J Rosol
- Ohio University, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Athens, Ohio, USA
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Sizemore GM, Balakrishnan S, Thies KA, Hammer AM, Sizemore ST, Trimboli AJ, Cuitiño MC, Steck SA, Tozbikian G, Kladney RD, Shinde N, Das M, Park D, Majumder S, Krishnan S, Yu L, Fernandez SA, Chakravarti A, Shields PG, White JR, Yee LD, Rosol TJ, Ludwig T, Park M, Leone G, Ostrowski MC. Stromal PTEN determines mammary epithelial response to radiotherapy. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2783. [PMID: 30018330 PMCID: PMC6050339 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05266-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of the tumor-associated stroma in cancer progression is clear. However, it remains uncertain whether early events in the stroma are capable of initiating breast tumorigenesis. Here, we show that in the mammary glands of non-tumor bearing mice, stromal-specific phosphatase and tensin homolog (Pten) deletion invokes radiation-induced genomic instability in neighboring epithelium. In these animals, a single dose of whole-body radiation causes focal mammary lobuloalveolar hyperplasia through paracrine epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) activation, and EGFR inhibition abrogates these cellular changes. By analyzing human tissue, we discover that stromal PTEN is lost in a subset of normal breast samples obtained from reduction mammoplasty, and is predictive of recurrence in breast cancer patients. Combined, these data indicate that diagnostic or therapeutic chest radiation may predispose patients with decreased stromal PTEN expression to secondary breast cancer, and that prophylactic EGFR inhibition may reduce this risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina M Sizemore
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.,Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Subhasree Balakrishnan
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.,Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Katie A Thies
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA.,Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Anisha M Hammer
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.,Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, 43210, OH, USA
| | - Steven T Sizemore
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.,Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Anthony J Trimboli
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA.,Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Maria C Cuitiño
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA.,Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Sarah A Steck
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Gary Tozbikian
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, 43210, OH, USA
| | - Raleigh D Kladney
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Neelam Shinde
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Manjusri Das
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Dongju Park
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.,Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Sarmila Majumder
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Shiva Krishnan
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Lianbo Yu
- Department of Biomedical Informatics' Center for Biostatistics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Soledad A Fernandez
- Department of Biomedical Informatics' Center for Biostatistics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Arnab Chakravarti
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.,Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Peter G Shields
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Julia R White
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.,Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Lisa D Yee
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Thomas J Rosol
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
| | - Thomas Ludwig
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.,Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Morag Park
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal, H3A 1A3, QC, Canada
| | - Gustavo Leone
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA. .,Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA.
| | - Michael C Ostrowski
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA. .,Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA.
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Tweedle MF, Ding H, Drost WT, Dowell J, Spain J, Joseph M, Elshafae SM, Menendez MI, Gong L, Kothandaraman S, Dirksen WP, Wright CL, Bahnson R, Knopp MV, Rosol TJ. Development of an orthotopic canine prostate cancer model expressing human GRPr. Prostate 2018; 78:10.1002/pros.23686. [PMID: 29992622 PMCID: PMC6409197 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ace-1 canine prostate cancer cells grow orthotopically in cyclosporine immunosuppressed laboratory beagles. We previously transfected (human Gastrin-Releasing Peptide Receptor, huGRPr) into Ace-1 cells and demonstrated receptor-targeted NIRF imaging with IR800-G-Abz4-t-BBN, an agonist to huGRPr. Herein, we used the new cell line to develop the first canine prostate cancer model expressing a human growth factor receptor. METHODS Dogs were immunosuppressed with cyclosporine, azathioprine, prednisolone, and methylprednisolone. Their prostate glands were implanted with Ace-1huGRPr cells. The implantation wounds were sealed with a cyanoacrylic adhesive to prevent extraprostatic tumor growth. Intraprostatic tumors grew in 4-5 week. A lobar prostatic artery was then catheterized via the carotid artery and 25-100 nmol IR800-Abz4-t-BBN was infused in 2 mL followed by euthanasia in dogs 1-2, and recovery for 24 h before euthanasia in dogs 3-6. Excised tissues were imaged optically imaged, and histopathology performed. RESULTS Dog1 grew no tumors with cyclosporine alone. Using the four drug protocol, Dogs 2-6 grew abundant 1-2 mm intracapsular and 1-2 cm intraglandular tumors. Tumors grew >5 cm when the prostate cancer cells became extracapsular. Dogs 4-6 with sealed prostatic capsule implantation sites had growth of intracapsular and intraglandular tumors and LN metastases at 5 weeks. High tumor to background BPH signal in the NIRF images of sectioned prostate glands resulted from the 100 nmol dose (∼8 nmol/kg) in dogs 2-4 and 50 nmol dose in dog 5, but not from the 25 nmol dose in Dog 6. Imaging of mouse Ace-1huGRPr tumors required an intravenous dose of 500 nmol/kg body wt. A lymph node that drained the prostate gland was detectable in Dog 4. Histologic findings confirmed the imaging data. CONCLUSION Ace-1huGRPr cells created viable, huGRPr-expressing tumors when implanted orthotopically into immune-suppressed dogs. Local delivery of an imaging agent through the prostatic artery allowed a very low imaging dose, suggesting that therapeutic agents could be used safely for treatment of early localized intraglandular prostate cancer as adjuvant therapy for active surveillance or focal ablation therapies, or for treating multifocal intraglandular disease where focal ablation therapies are not indicated or ineffective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael F. Tweedle
- Deptartment of Radiology, The Wright Center for Innovation in Biomolecular Imaging, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Haiming Ding
- Deptartment of Radiology, The Wright Center for Innovation in Biomolecular Imaging, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - William T. Drost
- Deptartment of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Joshua Dowell
- Deptartment of Radiology, The Wright Center for Innovation in Biomolecular Imaging, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - James Spain
- Deptartment of Radiology, The Wright Center for Innovation in Biomolecular Imaging, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Mathew Joseph
- University Laboratory Animal Resources, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Said M. Elshafae
- Deptartment of Radiology, The Wright Center for Innovation in Biomolecular Imaging, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Maria-Isabela Menendez
- Deptartment of Radiology, The Wright Center for Innovation in Biomolecular Imaging, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Li Gong
- Deptartment of Radiology, The Wright Center for Innovation in Biomolecular Imaging, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Shankaran Kothandaraman
- Deptartment of Radiology, The Wright Center for Innovation in Biomolecular Imaging, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Wessel P. Dirksen
- Deptartment of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Chadwick L. Wright
- Deptartment of Radiology, The Wright Center for Innovation in Biomolecular Imaging, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Robert Bahnson
- Deptartment of Urology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Michael V. Knopp
- Deptartment of Radiology, The Wright Center for Innovation in Biomolecular Imaging, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Thomas J. Rosol
- Deptartment of Biomedical Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio
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40
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Carey HA, Hildreth BE, Geisler JA, Nickel MC, Cabrera J, Ghosh S, Jiang Y, Yan J, Lee J, Makam S, Young NA, Valiente GR, Jarjour WN, Huang K, Rosol TJ, Toribio RE, Charles JF, Ostrowski MC, Sharma SM. Enhancer variants reveal a conserved transcription factor network governed by PU.1 during osteoclast differentiation. Bone Res 2018; 6:8. [PMID: 29619268 PMCID: PMC5874256 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-018-0011-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have been instrumental in understanding complex phenotypic traits. However, they have rarely been used to understand lineage-specific pathways and functions that contribute to the trait. In this study, by integrating lineage-specific enhancers from mesenchymal and myeloid compartments with bone mineral density loci, we were able to segregate osteoblast- and osteoclast (OC)-specific functions. Specifically, in OCs, a PU.1-dependent transcription factor (TF) network was revealed. Deletion of PU.1 in OCs in mice resulted in severe osteopetrosis. Functional genomic analysis indicated PU.1 and MITF orchestrated a TF network essential for OC differentiation. Several of these TFs were regulated by cooperative binding of PU.1 with BRD4 to form superenhancers. Further, PU.1 is essential for conformational changes in the superenhancer region of Nfatc1. In summary, our study demonstrates that combining GWASs with genome-wide binding studies and model organisms could decipher lineage-specific pathways contributing to complex disease states. Genetic variation in non-coding regions of DNA could raise osteoporosis risk by affecting osteoclast differentiation. Osteoporosis occurs when the normal process of bone remodeling by osteoblasts and osteoclasts falls out of balance. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified numerous single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with osteoporosis, but how these affect specific cell types was unclear. Sudarshana Sharma and Michael Ostrowski at the Medical University of South Carolina and colleagues wondered if variations in non-coding ‘enhancer’ regions of DNA, might shed light on the molecular underpinnings of osteoporosis. So, they overlaid SNPs associated with reduced bone mineral density onto enhancers in mesenchymal and myeloid cells—the precursors of osteoblasts and osteoclasts—identifying a transcription factor network in myeloid cells that drives the differentiation of osteoclasts. When this was disrupted in mice, severe defects in osteoclast differentiation and function resulted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather A Carey
- 1Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - Blake E Hildreth
- 1Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210 USA.,2College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA.,3Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425 USA
| | - Jennifer A Geisler
- 1Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210 USA.,2College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - Mara C Nickel
- 1Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - Jennifer Cabrera
- 1Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - Sankha Ghosh
- 1Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - Yue Jiang
- 1Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - Jing Yan
- 4Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - James Lee
- 1Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - Sandeep Makam
- 1Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - Nicholas A Young
- 5Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - Giancarlo R Valiente
- 5Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - Wael N Jarjour
- 5Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - Kun Huang
- 6Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - Thomas J Rosol
- 2College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - Ramiro E Toribio
- 2College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - Julia F Charles
- 4Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Michael C Ostrowski
- 1Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210 USA.,3Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425 USA
| | - Sudarshana M Sharma
- 1Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210 USA.,3Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425 USA
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41
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Hildreth BE, Birchard SJ, Rosol TJ, Drost WT. What Is Your Diagnosis? Extraskeletal mesenchymal chondrosarcoma. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2017; 251:647-650. [PMID: 28857701 DOI: 10.2460/javma.251.6.647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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42
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Council N, Dyce J, Drost WT, de Brito Galvao JF, Rosol TJ, Chew DJ. Bilateral patellar fractures and increased cortical bone thickness associated with long-term oral alendronate treatment in a cat. JFMS Open Rep 2017; 3:2055116917727137. [PMID: 28890795 PMCID: PMC5580850 DOI: 10.1177/2055116917727137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Case summary A 14-year-old cat presented with bilateral patellar fractures and radiographically thickened tibial cortices. This cat had been treated with alendronate for 8 years prior to presentation. To remove the subjectivity of the radiographic evaluation, tibial radiographs from 35 apparently healthy geriatric cats were used for comparison. Cortical and diaphyseal thickness were measured at the proximal and distal thirds of the tibia. Our cat had increased cortical bone thickness compared to that of the control cats. Relevance and novel information Treatment with bisphosphonates can lead to brittle bones and fractures after prolonged use in humans. This is the first description of fractures and cortical bone changes that may have been associated with prolonged bisphosphonate use in a cat. Radiographic measurements of cortical bone thickness may identify cats that are at increased risk for bone pathology secondary to prolonged alendronate use.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jon Dyce
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Wm Tod Drost
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | - Thomas J Rosol
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Dennis J Chew
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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43
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Esser AK, Rauch DA, Xiang J, Harding JC, Kohart NA, Ross MH, Su X, Wu K, Huey D, Xu Y, Vij K, Green PL, Rosol TJ, Niewiesk S, Ratner L, Weilbaecher KN. HTLV-1 viral oncogene HBZ induces osteolytic bone disease in transgenic mice. Oncotarget 2017; 8:69250-69263. [PMID: 29050201 PMCID: PMC5642476 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) is an aggressive T cell malignancy that occurs in HTLV-1 infected patients. Most ATL patients develop osteolytic lesions and hypercalcemia of malignancy, causing severe skeletal related complications and reduced overall survival. The HTLV-1 virus encodes 2 viral oncogenes, Tax and HBZ. Tax, a transcriptional activator, is critical to ATL development, and has been implicated in pathologic osteolysis. HBZ, HTLV-1 basic leucine zipper transcription factor, promotes tumor cell proliferation and disrupts Wnt pathway modulators; however, its role in ATL induced osteolytic bone loss is unknown. To determine if HBZ is sufficient for the development of bone loss, we established a transgenic Granzyme B HBZ (Gzmb-HBZ) mouse model. Lymphoproliferative disease including tumors, enlarged spleens and/or abnormal white cell counts developed in two-thirds of Gzmb-HBZ mice at 18 months. HBZ positive cells were detected in tumors, spleen and bone marrow. Importantly, pathologic bone loss and hypercalcemia were present at 18 months. Bone-acting factors were present in serum and RANKL, PTHrP and DKK1, key mediators of hypercalcemia and bone loss, were upregulated in Gzmb-HBZ T cells. These data demonstrate that Gzmb-HBZ mice model ATL bone disease and express factors that are current therapeutic targets for metastatic and bone resident tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison K Esser
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Daniel A Rauch
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jingyu Xiang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - John C Harding
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Nicole A Kohart
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Michael H Ross
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Xinming Su
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kevin Wu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Devra Huey
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Yalin Xu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kiran Vij
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Patrick L Green
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Thomas J Rosol
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Stefan Niewiesk
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Lee Ratner
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Katherine N Weilbaecher
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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Laganà A, Dirksen WP, Supsavhad W, Yilmaz AS, Ozer HG, Feller JD, Vala KA, Croce CM, Rosol TJ. Discovery and characterization of the feline miRNAome. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9263. [PMID: 28835705 PMCID: PMC5569061 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10164-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The domestic cat is an important human companion animal that can also serve as a relevant model for ~250 genetic diseases, many metabolic and degenerative conditions, and forms of cancer that are analogous to human disorders. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a crucial role in many biological processes and their dysregulation has a significant impact on important cellular pathways and is linked to a variety of diseases. While many species already have a well-defined and characterized miRNAome, miRNAs have not been carefully studied in cats. As a result, there are no feline miRNAs present in the reference miRNA databases, diminishing the usefulness of medical research on spontaneous disease in cats for applicability to both feline and human disease. This study was undertaken to define and characterize the cat miRNAome in normal feline tissues. High-throughput sequencing was performed on 12 different normal cat tissues. 271 candidate feline miRNA precursors, encoding a total of 475 mature sequences, were identified, including several novel cat-specific miRNAs. Several analyses were performed to characterize the discovered miRNAs, including tissue distribution of the precursors and mature sequences, genomic distribution of miRNA genes and identification of clusters, and isomiR characterization. Many of the miRNAs were regulated in a tissue/organ-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Laganà
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA. .,Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Wessel P Dirksen
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Wachiraphan Supsavhad
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Ayse Selen Yilmaz
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Hatice G Ozer
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - James D Feller
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Kiersten A Vala
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Carlo M Croce
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Thomas J Rosol
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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Pitarresi JR, Liu X, Sharma SM, Cuitiño MC, Kladney RD, Mace TA, Donohue S, Nayak SG, Qu C, Lee J, Woelke SA, Trela S, LaPak K, Yu L, McElroy J, Rosol TJ, Shakya R, Ludwig T, Lesinski GB, Fernandez SA, Konieczny SF, Leone G, Wu J, Ostrowski MC. Stromal ETS2 Regulates Chemokine Production and Immune Cell Recruitment during Acinar-to-Ductal Metaplasia. Neoplasia 2017; 18:541-52. [PMID: 27659014 PMCID: PMC5031867 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2016.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Revised: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Preclinical studies have suggested that the pancreatic tumor microenvironment both inhibits and promotes tumor development and growth. Here we establish the role of stromal fibroblasts during acinar-to-ductal metaplasia (ADM), an initiating event in pancreatic cancer formation. The transcription factor V-Ets avian erythroblastosis virus E26 oncogene homolog 2 (ETS2) was elevated in smooth muscle actin–positive fibroblasts in the stroma of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) patient tissue samples relative to normal pancreatic controls. LSL-KrasG12D/+; LSL-Trp53R172H/+; Pdx-1-Cre (KPC) mice showed that ETS2 expression initially increased in fibroblasts during ADM and remained elevated through progression to PDAC. Conditional ablation of Ets-2 in pancreatic fibroblasts in a KrasG12D-driven mouse ADM model decreased the amount of ADM events. ADMs from fibroblast Ets-2–deleted animals had reduced epithelial cell proliferation and increased apoptosis. Surprisingly, fibroblast Ets-2 deletion significantly altered immune cell infiltration into the stroma, with an increased CD8+ T-cell population, and decreased presence of regulatory T cells (Tregs), myeloid-derived suppressor cells, and mature macrophages. The mechanism involved ETS2-dependent chemokine ligand production in fibroblasts. ETS2 directly bound to regulatory sequences for Ccl3, Ccl4, Cxcl4, Cxcl5, and Cxcl10, a group of chemokines that act as potent mediators of immune cell recruitment. These results suggest an unappreciated role for ETS2 in fibroblasts in establishing an immune-suppressive microenvironment in response to oncogenic KrasG12D signaling during the initial stages of tumor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason R Pitarresi
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Cancer Biology & Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Xin Liu
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Cancer Biology & Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Sudarshana M Sharma
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Cancer Biology & Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Maria C Cuitiño
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Cancer Biology & Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Raleigh D Kladney
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Cancer Biology & Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Thomas A Mace
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Sydney Donohue
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Cancer Biology & Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Sunayana G Nayak
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Cancer Biology & Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Chunjing Qu
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - James Lee
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Cancer Biology & Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Sarah A Woelke
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Cancer Biology & Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Stefan Trela
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Cancer Biology & Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Kyle LaPak
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Cancer Biology & Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Lianbo Yu
- Department of Biomedical Informatics' Center for Biostatistics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Joseph McElroy
- Department of Biomedical Informatics' Center for Biostatistics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Thomas J Rosol
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Reena Shakya
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Cancer Biology & Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Thomas Ludwig
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Cancer Biology & Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Gregory B Lesinski
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Soledad A Fernandez
- Department of Biomedical Informatics' Center for Biostatistics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Stephen F Konieczny
- Department of Biological Sciences and the Purdue Center for Cancer Research and the Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2057, USA
| | - Gustavo Leone
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Cancer Biology & Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Jinghai Wu
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Cancer Biology & Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Michael C Ostrowski
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Cancer Biology & Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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46
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Elshafae SM, Kohart NA, Altstadt LA, Dirksen WP, Rosol TJ. The Effect of a Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor (AR-42) on Canine Prostate Cancer Growth and Metastasis. Prostate 2017; 77:776-793. [PMID: 28181686 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Canine prostate cancer (PCa) is an excellent preclinical model for human PCa. AR-42 is a histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi) developed at The Ohio State University that inhibits the proliferation of several cancers, including multiple myeloma, lung, and hepatocellular cancer. In this study, we investigated whether AR-42 would prevent or decrease. The growth and metastasis of a canine PCa (Ace-1 cells) to bone in vitro and in vivo. METHODS Proliferation, cell viability, invasion, and metastasis of a canine prostate cancer cell line (Ace-1) were measured following treatment with AR-42. Expression of anoikis resistance, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and stem cell-related markers were also evaluated. To assess the efficacy of AR-42 on prevention of PCa metastasis to bone, Ace-1 cells were injected in the left cardiac ventricle of nude mice, mice were treated with AR-42, and the incidence and growth of bone metastasis were measured. Bioluminescence was performed to monitor the bone metastases in nude mice. RESULTS AR-42 inhibited the in vitro proliferation of Ace-1 cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner. The IC50 concentration of AR-42 for Ace-1 cells was 0.42 μM after 24 hr of treatment. AR-42 induced apoptosis, decreased cell migration, and increased the stem cell properties of Ace-1 cells in vitro. AR-42 downregulated E-cadherin, N-cadherin, TWIST, MYOF, anoikis resistance, and osteomimicry genes, while it upregulated SNAIL, PTEN, FAK, and ZEB1 gene expression in Ace-1 cells. Importantly, AR-42 decreased the bioluminescence and incidence of bone metastasis in nude mice. In addition, AR-42 induced apoptosis and altered the tumor cell morphology to an irregular cell phenotype with condensed chromatin in the bone metastases. CONCLUSION AR-42 decreased PCa growth and bone metastasis, induced apoptosis, and downregulated osteomimicry genes in PCa cells in the bone microenvironment. Prostate 77:776-793, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Said M Elshafae
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathology, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
| | - Nicole A Kohart
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Lucas A Altstadt
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Wessel P Dirksen
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Thomas J Rosol
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
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47
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Kohart NA, Elshafae SM, Breitbach JT, Rosol TJ. Animal Models of Cancer-Associated Hypercalcemia. Vet Sci 2017; 4:vetsci4020021. [PMID: 29056680 PMCID: PMC5606604 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci4020021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2016] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer-associated hypercalcemia (CAH) is a frequently-occurring paraneoplastic syndrome that contributes to substantial patient morbidity and occurs in both humans and animals. Patients with CAH are often characterized by markedly elevated serum calcium concentrations that result in a range of clinical symptoms involving the nervous, gastrointestinal and urinary systems. CAH is caused by two principle mechanisms; humorally-mediated and/or through local osteolytic bone metastasis resulting in excessive calcium release from resorbed bone. Humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy (HHM) is the most common mechanism and is due to the production and release of tumor-associated cytokines and humoral factors, such as parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP), that act at distant sites to increase serum calcium concentrations. Local osteolytic hypercalcemia (LOH) occurs when primary or metastatic bone tumors act locally by releasing factors that stimulate osteoclast activity and bone resorption. LOH is a less frequent cause of CAH and in some cases can induce hypercalcemia in concert with HHM. Rarely, ectopic production of parathyroid hormone has been described. PTHrP-mediated hypercalcemia is the most common mechanism of CAH in human and canine malignancies and is recognized in other domestic species. Spontaneous and experimentally-induced animal models have been developed to study the mechanisms of CAH. These models have been essential for the evaluation of novel approaches and adjuvant therapies to manage CAH. This review will highlight the comparative aspects of CAH in humans and animals with a discussion of the available animal models used to study the pathogenesis of this important clinical syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole A Kohart
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Said M Elshafae
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Banha 13511, Egypt.
| | - Justin T Breitbach
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Thomas J Rosol
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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48
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Kent LN, Bae S, Tsai SY, Tang X, Srivastava A, Koivisto C, Martin CK, Ridolfi E, Miller GC, Zorko SM, Plevris E, Hadjiyannis Y, Perez M, Nolan E, Kladney R, Westendorp B, de Bruin A, Fernandez S, Rosol TJ, Pohar KS, Pipas JM, Leone G. Dosage-dependent copy number gains in E2f1 and E2f3 drive hepatocellular carcinoma. J Clin Invest 2017; 127:830-842. [PMID: 28134624 DOI: 10.1172/jci87583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Disruption of the retinoblastoma (RB) tumor suppressor pathway, either through genetic mutation of upstream regulatory components or mutation of RB1 itself, is believed to be a required event in cancer. However, genetic alterations in the RB-regulated E2F family of transcription factors are infrequent, casting doubt on a direct role for E2Fs in driving cancer. In this work, a mutation analysis of human cancer revealed subtle but impactful copy number gains in E2F1 and E2F3 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Using a series of loss- and gain-of-function alleles to dial E2F transcriptional output, we have shown that copy number gains in E2f1 or E2f3b resulted in dosage-dependent spontaneous HCC in mice without the involvement of additional organs. Conversely, germ-line loss of E2f1 or E2f3b, but not E2f3a, protected mice against HCC. Combinatorial mapping of chromatin occupancy and transcriptome profiling identified an E2F1- and E2F3B-driven transcriptional program that was associated with development and progression of HCC. These findings demonstrate a direct and cell-autonomous role for E2F activators in human cancer.
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49
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Lundberg AP, Francis JM, Pajak M, Parkinson EI, Wycislo KL, Rosol TJ, Brown ME, London CA, Dirikolu L, Hergenrother PJ, Fan TM. Pharmacokinetics and derivation of an anticancer dosing regimen for the novel anti-cancer agent isobutyl-deoxynyboquinone (IB-DNQ), a NQO1 bioactivatable molecule, in the domestic felid species. Invest New Drugs 2016; 35:134-144. [PMID: 27975234 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-016-0414-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Isobutyl-deoxynyboquinone (IB-DNQ) is a selective substrate for NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase (NQO1), an enzyme overexpressed in many solid tumors. Following activation by NQO1, IB-DNQ participates in a catalytic futile reduction/reoxidation cycle with consequent toxic reactive oxygen species generation within the tumor microenvironment. To elucidate the potential of IB-DNQ to serve as a novel anticancer agent, in vitro studies coupled with in vivo pharmacokinetic and toxicologic investigations in the domestic felid species were conducted to investigate the tractability of IB-DNQ as a translationally applicable anticancer agent. First, using feline oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) as a comparative cancer model, expressions of NQO1 were characterized in not only human, but also feline OSCC tissue microarrays. Second, IB-DNQ mediated cytotoxicity in three immortalized feline OSCC cell lines were studied under dose-dependent and sequential exposure conditions. Third, the feasibility of administering IB-DNQ at doses predicted to achieve cytotoxic plasma concentrations and biologically relevant durations of exposure were investigated through pharmacokinetic and tolerability studies in healthy research felines. Intravenous administration of IB-DNQ at 1.0-2.0 mg/kg achieved peak plasma concentrations and durations of exposure reaching or exceeding predicted in vitro cytotoxic concentrations. Clinical adverse side effects including ptyalism and tachypnea exhibited during and post-IV infusion of IB-DNQ were transient and tolerable. Additionally, IB-DNQ administration did not produce acute or delayed-onset unacceptable hematologic, non-hematologic, or off-target oxidative toxicities. Collectively, the findings reported here within provide important safety and pharmacokinetic data to support the continued development of IB-DNQ as a novel anticancer strategy for NQO1 expressing cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alycen P Lundberg
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61802, USA.,Carle R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, Anticancer Discovery from Pets to People, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Joshua M Francis
- Carle R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, Anticancer Discovery from Pets to People, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.,Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Malgorzata Pajak
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61802, USA
| | - Elizabeth I Parkinson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Kathryn L Wycislo
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61802, USA
| | - Thomas J Rosol
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Megan E Brown
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Cheryl A London
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Levent Dirikolu
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
| | - Paul J Hergenrother
- Carle R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, Anticancer Discovery from Pets to People, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.,Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Timothy M Fan
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61802, USA. .,Carle R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, Anticancer Discovery from Pets to People, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
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50
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Fradet A, Bouchet M, Delliaux C, Gervais M, Kan C, Benetollo C, Pantano F, Vargas G, Bouazza L, Croset M, Bala Y, Leroy X, Rosol TJ, Rieusset J, Bellahcène A, Castronovo V, Aubin JE, Clézardin P, Duterque-Coquillaud M, Bonnelye E. Estrogen related receptor alpha in castration-resistant prostate cancer cells promotes tumor progression in bone. Oncotarget 2016; 7:77071-77086. [PMID: 27776343 PMCID: PMC5363569 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone metastases are one of the main complications of prostate cancer and they are incurable. We investigated whether and how estrogen receptor-related receptor alpha (ERRα) is involved in bone tumor progression associated with advanced prostate cancer. By meta-analysis, we first found that ERRα expression is correlated with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), the hallmark of progressive disease. We then analyzed tumor cell progression and the associated signaling pathways in gain-of-function/loss-of-function CRPC models in vivo and in vitro. Increased levels of ERRα in tumor cells led to rapid tumor progression, with both bone destruction and formation, and direct impacts on osteoclasts and osteoblasts. VEGF-A, WNT5A and TGFβ1 were upregulated by ERRα in tumor cells and all of these factors also significantly and positively correlated withERRα expression in CRPC patient specimens. Finally, high levels of ERRα in tumor cells stimulated the pro-metastatic factor periostin expression in the stroma, suggesting that ERRα regulates the tumor stromal cell microenvironment to enhance tumor progression. Taken together, our data demonstrate that ERRα is a regulator of CRPC cell progression in bone. Therefore, inhibiting ERRα may constitute a new therapeutic strategy for prostate cancer skeletal-related events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anais Fradet
- InsermUMR1033, F-69372 Lyon, France
- Université-Lyon1, F-69008 Lyon, France
| | - Mathilde Bouchet
- InsermUMR1033, F-69372 Lyon, France
- Université-Lyon1, F-69008 Lyon, France
| | - Carine Delliaux
- CNRS-UMR8161, F-59021 Lille, France
- Université-Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Manon Gervais
- InsermUMR1033, F-69372 Lyon, France
- Université-Lyon1, F-69008 Lyon, France
| | - Casina Kan
- InsermUMR1033, F-69372 Lyon, France
- Université-Lyon1, F-69008 Lyon, France
| | - Claire Benetollo
- Université-Lyon1, F-69008 Lyon, France
- InsermU1028-CNRS-UMR5292, Lyon, France
| | | | - Geoffrey Vargas
- InsermUMR1033, F-69372 Lyon, France
- Université-Lyon1, F-69008 Lyon, France
| | - Lamia Bouazza
- InsermUMR1033, F-69372 Lyon, France
- Université-Lyon1, F-69008 Lyon, France
| | - Martine Croset
- InsermUMR1033, F-69372 Lyon, France
- Université-Lyon1, F-69008 Lyon, France
| | - Yohann Bala
- InsermUMR1033, F-69372 Lyon, France
- Université-Lyon1, F-69008 Lyon, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jane E Aubin
- University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Philippe Clézardin
- InsermUMR1033, F-69372 Lyon, France
- Université-Lyon1, F-69008 Lyon, France
| | | | - Edith Bonnelye
- InsermUMR1033, F-69372 Lyon, France
- Université-Lyon1, F-69008 Lyon, France
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