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Gan Z, Abudurexiti A, Hu X, Chen W, Zhang N, Sang W. E2F3/5/8 serve as potential prognostic biomarkers and new therapeutic direction for human bladder cancer. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e35722. [PMID: 38215110 PMCID: PMC10783276 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000035722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTS Human bladder cancer (BC) is the most common urogenital system malignancy. E2F transcription factors (E2Fs) have been reported to be involved in the growth of various cancers. However, the expression patterns, prognostic value and immune infiltration in the tumor microenvironment of the 8 E2Fs in BC have yet fully to be explored. METHODS AND STRATEGY We investigated the differential expression of E2Fs in BC patients, the prognostic value and correlation with immune infiltration by analyzing a range of databases. RESULTS We found that the mRNA expression levels of E2F1/2/3/4/5/7/8 were significantly higher in BC patients than that of control tissues. And the increased mRNA expression levels of all E2Fs were associated with tumor stage of BC. The survival analysis revealed that the elevated mRNA expression levels of E2F3/5/8 were significantly correlated with the overall survival (OS) of BC patients. And the genetic changes of E2Fs in BC patients were associated with shorter overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). In addition, we revealed that the E2F3/5/8 expressions were closely correlated with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). CONCLUSIONS E2F3/5/8 might serve as promising prognostic biomarkers and new therapeutic direction for BC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhilu Gan
- Surgery Department of Urology, The Third People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, P.R. China
| | - Alimujiang Abudurexiti
- Surgery Department of Urology, The Third People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, P.R. China
| | - Xiaogang Hu
- Surgery Department of Urology, The Third People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, P.R. China
| | - Wenxin Chen
- Surgery Department of Urology, The Third People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, P.R. China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Surgery Department of Urology, The Third People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, P.R. China
| | - Wei Sang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, P.R. China
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Urumqi, P.R. China
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Wei L, Bai Y, Na L, Sun Y, Zhao C, Wang W. E2F3 induces DNA damage repair, stem-like properties and therapy resistance in breast cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2023; 1869:166816. [PMID: 37499929 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Therapy resistance is a major hurdle to the treatment of human malignant tumors. Both DNA damage repair and stem-like properties contribute to chemoresistance and radioresistance. E2F transcription factor 3 (E2F3) is overexpressed in breast cancer tissues, and promotes proliferation of breast cancer cells. Higher E2F3 level is associated with shorter survival of breast cancer patients. Functional studies further showed that E2F3 promotes S-phage entry, DNA replication, DNA damage repair and stem-like properties. Accordingly, E2F3 knockdown sensitizes breast cancer cells to DNA-damaging agents Adriamycin, Cisplatin, Olaparib and X-ray. Forkhead box M1 (FOXM1) is a downstream molecule of E2F3 signaling, mediating the effects of E2F3 on breast cancer cells. In an m6A methyltransferase METTL14-dependent manner, YTH RNA binding protein F2 (YTHDF2) increase E2F3 mRNA stability and expression, promotes DNA damage repair and induces therapy resistance. These data demonstrate that YTHDF2-E2F3 pathway is a novel target to overcome chemoresistance and radioresistance in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Wei
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, China; Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yu Bai
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, China; Department of Nephrology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lei Na
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yu Sun
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chenghai Zhao
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
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Li X, Zhao X, Li J, Zhang X. Circ_001422 aggravates osteosarcoma progression through targeting miR-497-5p/E2F3 axis. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2023; 37:e23392. [PMID: 37287369 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Circular RNAs exert vital functions in the pathogenesis of osteosarcoma (OS). Circ_001422 has been confirmed to be involved in regulating OS progression, but its specific mechanism has not been clearly studied. This work aimed to analyze circ_001422's role in OS cell biological behaviors and the possible molecular mechanisms. This work carried out reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction for detecting circ_001422, E2F3 and miR-497-5p levels, whereas Cell counting kit-8 together with Transwell assays for measuring cell growth, migration as well as invasion abilities. Relation of miR-497-5p with E2F3, as well as circ_001422 with miR-497-5p was analyzed through dual-luciferase reporter gene assay. Protein level was identified by western blot. According to our results, circ_001422 expression within OS tissue significantly increased compared with corresponding healthy samples. Inhibition of circ_001422 significantly decreased OS cell growth, invasion and migration. From mechanism research, miR-497-5p was proved as circ_001422's target, and E2F3 was miR-497-5p's target. Besides, miR-497-5p downregulation or E2F3 overexpression abolished circ_001422 inhibition-mediated inhibition on OS cell proliferation, invasion and migration. Collectively, this study has first suggested circ_001422's role in enhancing OS proliferation, migration as well as invasion via miR-497-5p/E2F3 axis. Our results will offer new ideas and new anti-OS targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jin Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaozhan Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Mäkelä JA, Toppari J. Retinoblastoma-E2F Transcription Factor Interplay Is Essential for Testicular Development and Male Fertility. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:903684. [PMID: 35663332 PMCID: PMC9161260 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.903684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The retinoblastoma (RB) protein family members (pRB, p107 and p130) are key regulators of cell cycle progression, but also play crucial roles in apoptosis, and stem cell self-renewal and differentiation. RB proteins exert their effects through binding to E2F transcription factors, which are essential developmental and physiological regulators of tissue and organ homeostasis. According to the canonical view, phosphorylation of RB results in release of E2Fs and induction of genes needed for progress of the cell cycle. However, there are eight members in the E2F transcription factor family with both activator (E2F1-3a) and repressor (E2F3b-E2F8) roles, highlighting the functional diversity of RB-E2F pathway. In this review article we summarize the data showing that RB-E2F interaction is a key cell-autonomous mechanism responsible for establishment and maintenance of lifelong male fertility. We also review the expression pattern of RB proteins and E2F transcription factors in the testis and male germ cells. The available evidence supports that RB and E2F family members are widely and dynamically expressed in the testis, and they are known to have versatile roles during spermatogenesis. Knowledge of the function and significance of RB-E2F interplay for testicular development and spermatogenesis comes primarily from gene knock-out (KO) studies. Several studies conducted in Sertoli cell-specific pRB-KO mice have demonstrated that pRB-mediated inhibition of E2F3 is essential for Sertoli cell functional maturation and cell cycle exit, highlighting that RB-E2F interaction in Sertoli cells is paramount to male fertility. Similarly, ablation of either pRB or E2F1 in the germline results in progressive testicular atrophy due to germline stem cell (GSC) depletion, emphasizing the importance of proper RB-E2F interplay for germline maintenance and lifelong sperm production. In summary, while balanced RB-E2F interplay is essential for cell-autonomous maintenance of GSCs and, the pRB-E2F3 system in Sertoli cells is critical for providing GSC niche thus laying the basis for spermatogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juho-Antti Mäkelä
- Institute of Biomedicine, Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Jorma Toppari
- Institute of Biomedicine, Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Pediatrics, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- *Correspondence: Jorma Toppari,
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Chen W, Gao G, Yan M, Yu M, Shi K, Yang P. Long noncoding RNA MAPKAPK5-AS1 promoted lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory damage in the myocardium by sponging microRNA-124-3p/E2F3. Mol Med 2021; 27:131. [PMID: 34666672 PMCID: PMC8524853 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-021-00385-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myocardial dysfunction caused by sepsis (SIMD) leads to high mortality in critically ill patients. We investigated the function and mechanism of long non-coding RNA MAPKAPK5-AS1 (lncRNA MAPKAPK-AS1) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation response in vivo and in vitro. METHOD Male SD rats were utilized for in vivo experiments. Rat cardiomyocytes (H9C2) were employed for in vitro experiments. Western blotting was employed to measure protein expression, and RT-PCR was performed to measure mRNA expression of inflammation factors. TUNEL and flow cytometry were carried out to evulate cell apoptosis. RESULT The results showed that the expression of MAPKAPK5-AS1 was increased, while the expression of miR-124-3p was decreased in the inflammatory damage induced by LPS in vivo and in vitro. Knockdown of MAPKAPK5-AS1 reduced LPS-induced cell apoptosis and inflammation response, while overexpression of miR-124-3p weakened the effects of MAPKAPK5-AS1 knockdown on LPS-induced cell apoptosis and inflammation response. Moreover, miR-124-3p was identified as a downstream miRNA of MAPKAPK5-AS1, and E2F3 was a target of miR-214-3p. MAPKAPK5-AS1 knockdown increased the expression of miR-124-3p, while miR-124-3p overexpression reduced the expression of MAPKAPK5-AS1. In addition, miR-124-3p was found to downregulate E2F3 expression in H9C2 cells. CONCLUSION MAPKAPK5-AS1/miR-124-3p/E2F3 axis regulates LPS-related H9C2 cell apoptosis and inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Chen
- Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun City, 130033, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Diagnosis of Cardiovascular Disease, Changchun City, 130033, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangyuan Gao
- Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun City, 130033, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Diagnosis of Cardiovascular Disease, Changchun City, 130033, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengjie Yan
- Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun City, 130033, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Diagnosis of Cardiovascular Disease, Changchun City, 130033, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Yu
- Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun City, 130033, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Diagnosis of Cardiovascular Disease, Changchun City, 130033, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaiyao Shi
- Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun City, 130033, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Diagnosis of Cardiovascular Disease, Changchun City, 130033, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Yang
- Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun City, 130033, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China.
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Diagnosis of Cardiovascular Disease, Changchun City, 130033, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China.
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Gorniak-Walas M, Nizinska K, Lukasiuk K. Cloning and Functional Analysis of Rat Tweety-Homolog 1 Gene Promoter. Neurochem Res 2021; 46:2463-2472. [PMID: 34173119 PMCID: PMC8302521 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03374-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Tweety-homolog 1 protein (Ttyh1) is abundantly expressed in neurons in the healthy brain, and its expression is induced under pathological conditions. In hippocampal neurons in vitro, Ttyh1 was implicated in the regulation of primary neuron morphology. However, the mechanisms that underlie transcriptional regulation of the Ttyh1 gene in neurons remain elusive. The present study sought to identify the promoter of the Ttyh1 gene and functionally characterize cis-regulatory elements that are potentially involved in the transcriptional regulation of Ttyh1 expression in rat dissociated hippocampal neurons in vitro. We cloned a 592 bp rat Ttyh1 promoter sequence and designed deletion constructs of the transcription factors specificity protein 1 (Sp1), E2F transcription factor 3 (E2f3), and achaete-scute homolog 1 (Ascl1) that were fused upstream of a luciferase reporter gene in pGL4.10[luc2]. The luciferase reporter gene assay showed the possible involvement of Ascl1, Sp1, and responsive cis-regulatory elements in Ttyh1 expression. These findings provide novel information about Ttyh1 gene regulation in neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Gorniak-Walas
- Laboratory of Epileptogenesis, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Street, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Karolina Nizinska
- Laboratory of Epileptogenesis, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Street, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Lukasiuk
- Laboratory of Epileptogenesis, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Street, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland.
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He X, Chai P, Li F, Zhang L, Zhou C, Yuan X, Li Y, Yang J, Luo Y, Ge S, Zhang H, Jia R, Fan X. A novel LncRNA transcript, RBAT1, accelerates tumorigenesis through interacting with HNRNPL and cis-activating E2F3. Mol Cancer 2020; 19:115. [PMID: 32669100 PMCID: PMC7362570 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-020-01232-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been identified as important epigenetic regulators that play critical roles in human cancers. However, the regulatory functions of lncRNAs in tumorigenesis remains to be elucidated. Here, we aimed to investigate the molecular mechanisms and potential clinical application of a novel lncRNA, retinoblastoma associated transcript-1 (RBAT1), in tumorigenesis. METHODS RBAT1 expression was determined by real-time PCR in both retinoblastoma (Rb) and bladder cancer (BCa) cell lines and clinical tissues. Chromatin isolation using RNA purification (ChIRP) assays were performed to identify RBAT1-interacting proteins. Patient-derived xenograft (PDX) retinoblastoma models were established to test the therapeutic potential of RBAT1-targeting GapmeRs. RESULTS Here, we found that RBAT1 expression was significantly higher in Rb and BCa tissues than that in adjacent tissues. Functional assays revealed that RBAT1 accelerated tumorigenesis both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, RBAT1 recruited HNRNPL protein to E2F3 promoter, thereby activating E2F3 transcription. Therapeutically, GapmeR-mediated RBAT1 silencing significantly inhibited tumorigenesis in orthotopic xenograft retinoblastoma models derived from Rb cell lines and Rb primary cells. CONCLUSIONS RBAT1 overexpression upregulates a known oncogene, E2F3, via directly recruiting HNPNPL to its promoter and cis-activating its expression. Our finding provides a novel mechanism of lncRNA biology and provides potential targets for diagnosis and treatment of Rb and BCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu He
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Peiwei Chai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Leilei Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Chuandi Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoling Yuan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongyun Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingxiu Luo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengfang Ge
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - He Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China.
| | - Renbing Jia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xianqun Fan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China.
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Jiang MJ, Chen YY, Dai JJ, Gu DN, Mei Z, Liu FR, Huang Q, Tian L. Dying tumor cell-derived exosomal miR-194-5p potentiates survival and repopulation of tumor repopulating cells upon radiotherapy in pancreatic cancer. Mol Cancer 2020; 19:68. [PMID: 32228703 PMCID: PMC7104536 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-020-01178-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor repopulation is a major cause of radiotherapy failure. Previous investigations highlighted that dying tumor cells played vital roles in tumor repopulation through promoting proliferation of the residual tumor repopulating cells (TRCs). However, TRCs also suffer DNA damage after radiotherapy, and might undergo mitotic catastrophe under the stimulation of proliferative factors released by dying cells. Hence, we intend to find out how these paradoxical biological processes coordinated to potentiate tumor repopulation after radiotherapy. METHODS Tumor repopulation models in vitro and in vivo were used for evaluating the therapy response and dissecting underlying mechanisms. RNA-seq was performed to find out the signaling changes and identify the significantly changed miRNAs. qPCR, western blot, IHC, FACS, colony formation assay, etc. were carried out to analyze the molecules and cells. RESULTS Exosomes derived from dying tumor cells induced G1/S arrest and promoted DNA damage response to potentiate survival of TRCs through delivering miR-194-5p, which further modulated E2F3 expression. Moreover, exosomal miR-194-5p alleviated the harmful effects of oncogenic HMGA2 under radiotherapy. After a latent time, dying tumor cells further released a large amount of PGE2 to boost proliferation of the recovered TRCs, and orchestrated the repopulation cascades. Of note, low-dose aspirin was found to suppress pancreatic cancer repopulation upon radiation via inhibiting secretion of exosomes and PGE2. CONCLUSION Exosomal miR-194-5p enhanced DNA damage response in TRCs to potentiate tumor repopulation. Combined use of aspirin and radiotherapy might benefit pancreatic cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Jie Jiang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201620, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Yi-Yun Chen
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Juan-Juan Dai
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Dian-Na Gu
- Department of Chemoradiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, 325000, China
| | - Zhu Mei
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Fu-Rao Liu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201620, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Qian Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201620, China
- Cancer Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Ling Tian
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201620, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201620, China.
- Department of Central Laboratory, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China.
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9
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Prestel M, Prell-Schicker C, Webb T, Malik R, Lindner B, Ziesch N, Rex-Haffner M, Röh S, Viturawong T, Lehm M, Mokry M, den Ruijter H, Haitjema S, Asare Y, Söllner F, Najafabadi MG, Aherrahrou R, Civelek M, Samani NJ, Mann M, Haffner C, Dichgans M. The Atherosclerosis Risk Variant rs2107595 Mediates Allele-Specific Transcriptional Regulation of HDAC9 via E2F3 and Rb1. Stroke 2019; 50:2651-2660. [PMID: 31500558 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.119.026112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Background and Purpose- Genome-wide association studies have identified the HDAC9 (histone deacetylase 9) gene region as a major risk locus for atherosclerotic stroke and coronary artery disease in humans. Previous results suggest a role of altered HDAC9 expression levels as the underlying disease mechanism. rs2107595, the lead single nucleotide polymorphism for stroke and coronary artery disease resides in noncoding DNA and colocalizes with histone modification marks suggestive of enhancer elements. Methods- To determine the mechanisms by which genetic variation at rs2107595 regulates HDAC9 expression and thus vascular risk we employed targeted resequencing, proteome-wide search for allele-specific nuclear binding partners, chromatin immunoprecipitation, genome-editing, reporter assays, circularized chromosome conformation capture, and gain- and loss-of-function experiments in cultured human cell lines and primary immune cells. Results- Targeted resequencing of the HDAC9 locus in patients with atherosclerotic stroke and controls supported candidacy of rs2107595 as the causative single nucleotide polymorphism. A proteomic search for nuclear binding partners revealed preferential binding of the E2F3/TFDP1/Rb1 complex (E2F transcription factor 3/transcription factor Dp-1/Retinoblastoma 1) to the rs2107595 common allele, consistent with the disruption of an E2F3 consensus site by the risk allele. Gain- and loss-of-function studies showed a regulatory effect of E2F/Rb proteins on HDAC9 expression. Compared with the common allele, the rs2107595 risk allele exhibited higher transcriptional capacity in luciferase assays and was associated with higher HDAC9 mRNA levels in primary macrophages and genome-edited Jurkat cells. Circularized chromosome conformation capture revealed a genomic interaction of the rs2107595 region with the HDAC9 promoter, which was stronger for the common allele as was the in vivo interaction with E2F3 and Rb1 determined by chromatin immunoprecipitation. Gain-of-function experiments in isogenic Jurkat cells demonstrated a key role of E2F3 in mediating rs2107595-dependent transcriptional regulation of HDAC9. Conclusions- Collectively, our findings imply allele-specific transcriptional regulation of HDAC9 via E2F3 and Rb1 as a major mechanism mediating vascular risk at rs2107595.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Prestel
- From the Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Klinikum der Universität München, Germany (M.P., C.P.S., R.M., B.L., N.Z., M.L., Y.A., F.S., C.H., M.D.)
| | - Caroline Prell-Schicker
- From the Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Klinikum der Universität München, Germany (M.P., C.P.S., R.M., B.L., N.Z., M.L., Y.A., F.S., C.H., M.D.)
| | - Tom Webb
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester and National Institute for Health Research Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester, United Kingdom (T.W., M.G.N., N.J.S.)
| | - Rainer Malik
- From the Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Klinikum der Universität München, Germany (M.P., C.P.S., R.M., B.L., N.Z., M.L., Y.A., F.S., C.H., M.D.)
| | - Barbara Lindner
- From the Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Klinikum der Universität München, Germany (M.P., C.P.S., R.M., B.L., N.Z., M.L., Y.A., F.S., C.H., M.D.)
| | - Natalie Ziesch
- From the Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Klinikum der Universität München, Germany (M.P., C.P.S., R.M., B.L., N.Z., M.L., Y.A., F.S., C.H., M.D.)
| | - Monika Rex-Haffner
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max-Planck-Institute for Psychiatry, Germany (M.R.H., S.R.)
| | - Simone Röh
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max-Planck-Institute for Psychiatry, Germany (M.R.H., S.R.)
| | - Thanatip Viturawong
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max-Planck-Institute for Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany (T.V., M.L., M. Mann)
| | - Manuel Lehm
- From the Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Klinikum der Universität München, Germany (M.P., C.P.S., R.M., B.L., N.Z., M.L., Y.A., F.S., C.H., M.D.)
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max-Planck-Institute for Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany (T.V., M.L., M. Mann)
- Abteilung für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Neuroradiologie, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany (M.L.)
| | - Michal Mokry
- Department of Pediatrics (M. Mokry), University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Hester den Ruijter
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (H.d.R., S.H.), University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Saskia Haitjema
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (H.d.R., S.H.), University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Yaw Asare
- From the Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Klinikum der Universität München, Germany (M.P., C.P.S., R.M., B.L., N.Z., M.L., Y.A., F.S., C.H., M.D.)
| | - Flavia Söllner
- From the Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Klinikum der Universität München, Germany (M.P., C.P.S., R.M., B.L., N.Z., M.L., Y.A., F.S., C.H., M.D.)
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Biomedical Center Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Germany (F.S.)
| | - Maryam Ghaderi Najafabadi
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester and National Institute for Health Research Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester, United Kingdom (T.W., M.G.N., N.J.S.)
| | - Rédouane Aherrahrou
- Center for Public Health Genomics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, (R.A., M.C.)
| | - Mete Civelek
- Center for Public Health Genomics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, (R.A., M.C.)
| | - Nilesh J Samani
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester and National Institute for Health Research Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester, United Kingdom (T.W., M.G.N., N.J.S.)
| | - Matthias Mann
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max-Planck-Institute for Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany (T.V., M.L., M. Mann)
| | - Christof Haffner
- From the Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Klinikum der Universität München, Germany (M.P., C.P.S., R.M., B.L., N.Z., M.L., Y.A., F.S., C.H., M.D.)
| | - Martin Dichgans
- From the Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Klinikum der Universität München, Germany (M.P., C.P.S., R.M., B.L., N.Z., M.L., Y.A., F.S., C.H., M.D.)
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany (M.D.)
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10
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Araki K, Kawauchi K, Sugimoto W, Tsuda D, Oda H, Yoshida R, Ohtani K. Mitochondrial protein E2F3d, a distinctive E2F3 product, mediates hypoxia-induced mitophagy in cancer cells. Commun Biol 2019; 2:3. [PMID: 30740539 PMCID: PMC6318215 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-018-0246-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial damage is caused by changes in the micro-environmental conditions during tumor progression. Cancer cells require mechanisms for mitochondrial quality control during this process; however, how mitochondrial integrity is maintained is unclear. Here we show that E2F3d, a previously unidentified E2F3 isoform, mediates hypoxia-induced mitophagy in cancer cells. Aberrant activity and expression of the E2F3 transcription factor is frequently observed in many cancer cells. Loss of retinoblastoma (Rb) protein family function increases the expression of E2F3d and E2F3a. E2F3d localizes to the outer mitochondrial membrane and its cytosolic domain contains an LC3-interacting region motif. Overexpression of E2F3d induces mitochondrial fragmentation and mitophagy, suggesting that E2F3d plays an important role in mitophagy. Furthermore, depletion of E2F3s attenuates hypoxia-induced mitophagy and increases intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species, which is reversed by the reintroduction of E2F3d. This study presents another key player that regulates mitochondrial quality control in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keigo Araki
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1337 Japan
| | - Keiko Kawauchi
- Frontiers of Innovative Research in Science and Technology, Konan University, 7-1-20 Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047 Japan
| | - Wataru Sugimoto
- Frontiers of Innovative Research in Science and Technology, Konan University, 7-1-20 Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047 Japan
| | - Daisuke Tsuda
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1337 Japan
| | - Hiroya Oda
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1337 Japan
| | - Ryosuke Yoshida
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1337 Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Ohtani
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1337 Japan
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11
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Wang Y, Sun G, Wang C, Guo W, Tang Q, Wang M. MiR-194-5p inhibits cell migration and invasion in bladder cancer by targeting E2F3. J BUON 2018; 23:1492-1499. [PMID: 30570877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE MicroRNA (miR)-194-5p is downregulated in bladder cancer (BC), but its role in BC has not been determined mechanistically. METHODS The expression levels of miR-194-5p and E2F transcription factor 3 (E2F3) were determined by means of quantitative reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction in BC specimens. In addition, T24 BC cells were transfected with a miR-194-5p mimic, a miR-194-5p inhibitor, or E2F3 small interfering (si)RNA, and the level of E2F3 protein expressed by these cells was assessed by western blotting. A dual luciferase reporter assay was applied to verify the binding site between miR-194-5p and the 3' untranslated region of E2F3. Transwell assays were performed to examine cell migration and invasion. RESULTS Dysregulation of miR-194-5p in BC was closely associated with node metastasis and differentiation. In BC specimens and cell lines, miR-194-5p mRNA was downregulated, while E2F3 mRNA was upregulated. Overexpression of miR-194-5p suppressed the expression of E2F3 mRNA and protein. By regulating E2F3, miR-194-5p inhibited cell migration and invasion in BC. Treatment of BC cells with E2F3 siRNA had the same effect as did overexpression of miR-194-5p. CONCLUSIONS MiR-194-5p directly targets E2F3 and inhibits cell migration and invasion in BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanmei Wang
- Department of Urology, Jining First People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong Province, 272000, P.R. China
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12
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Abstract
The E2F transcription factors control key elements of development, including mammary gland branching morphogenesis, with several E2Fs playing essential roles. Additional prior data has demonstrated that loss of individual E2Fs can be compensated by other E2F family members, but this has not been tested in a mammary gland developmental context. Here we have explored the role of the E2Fs and their ability to functionally compensate for each other during mammary gland development. Using gene expression from terminal end buds and chromatin immunoprecipitation data for E2F1, E2F2 and E2F3, we noted both overlapping and unique mammary development genes regulated by each of the E2Fs. Based on our computational findings and the fact that E2Fs share a common binding motif, we hypothesized that E2F transcription factors would compensate for each other during mammary development and function. To test this hypothesis, we generated RNA from E2F1-/-, E2F2-/- and E2F3+/- mouse mammary glands. QRT-PCR on mammary glands during pregnancy demonstrated increases in E2F2 and E2F3a in the E2F1-/- mice and an increase in E2F2 levels in E2F3+/- mice. During lactation we noted that E2F3b transcript levels were increased in the E2F2-/- mice. Given that E2Fs have previously been noted to have the most striking effects on development during puberty, we hypothesized that loss of individual E2Fs would be compensated for at that time. Double mutant mice were generated and compared with the single knockouts. Loss of both E2F1 and E2F2 revealed a more striking phenotype than either knockout alone, indicating that E2F2 was compensating for E2F1 loss. Interestingly, while E2F2 was not able to functionally compensate for E2F3+/- during mammary outgrowth, increased E2F2 expression was observed in E2F3+/- mammary glands during pregnancy day 14.5 and lactation day 5. Together, these findings illustrate the specificity of E2F family members to compensate during development of the mammary gland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Briana To
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States of America
| | - Eran R. Andrechek
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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13
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Gan M, Du J, Shen L, Yang D, Jiang A, Li Q, Jiang Y, Tang G, Li M, Wang J, Li X, Zhang S, Zhu L. miR-152 regulates the proliferation and differentiation of C2C12 myoblasts by targeting E2F3. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2018; 54:304-310. [PMID: 29508126 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-017-0219-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The development of skeletal muscle is a complex process involving the proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and changing of muscle fiber types in myoblasts. Many reports have described the involvement of microRNAs in the myogenesis of myoblasts. In this study, we found that the expression of miR-152 was gradually down-regulated during myoblast proliferation, but gradually up-regulated during the differentiation of myoblasts. Transfection with miR-152 mimics restrained cell proliferation and decreased the expression levels of cyclin E, CDK4, and cyclin D1, but promoted myotube formation and significantly increased the mRNA expression levels of MyHC, MyoD, MRF4, and MyoG in C2C12 myoblasts. However, treatment with miR-152 inhibitors promoted cell proliferation and restrained differentiation. Moreover, over-expression of miR-152 significantly decreased E2F3 production in C2C12 myoblasts. A luciferase assay confirmed that miR-152 could bind to the 3' UTR of E2F3. In conclusion, this study showed that miR-152 inhibited proliferation and promoted myoblast differentiation by targeting E2F3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mailin Gan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Jingjing Du
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Linyuan Shen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Dongli Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Anan Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Sichuan Province General Station of Animal Husbandry, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yanzhi Jiang
- College of Life and Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Guoqing Tang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Mingzhou Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Jinyong Wang
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Chongqing, 402460, China
| | - Xuewei Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Shunhua Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China.
| | - Li Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China.
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14
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Li X, Han X, Yang J, Sun J, Wei P. [miR-503-5p inhibits the proliferation of T24 and EJ bladder cancer cells by interfering with the Rb/E2F signaling pathway]. Xi Bao Yu Fen Zi Mian Yi Xue Za Zhi 2017; 33:1360-1364. [PMID: 29169421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Objective To observe the effect of microRNA-503-5p (miR-503-5p) on the growth of T24 and EJ bladder cancer cells, and explore the possible molecular mechanism. Methods The miR-504-5p mimics or miR-NC was transfected into T24 and EJ cells. The target gene of miR-503-5p was predicted by bioinformatics. The expressions of E2F transcription factor 3 (E2F3) mRNA and Rb/E2F signaling pathway mRNA were detected by the real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR). The expressions of Rb/E2F signal pathway proteins E2F3, cyclin E, CDK2, Rb and p-Rb were detected by Western blotting. The cell cycle of bladder cancer cell lines was determined by flow cytometry. MTT assay and plate cloning assay were performed to observe the proliferation ability of bladder cancer cells. Results After miR-503-5p mimics transfection, the expression of miR-503-5p in bladder cancer cells significantly increased. The increased expression of miR-503-5p significantly reduced the expressions of E2F3 mRNA and Rb/E2F signaling pathway mRNA in bladder cancer cells. What's more, the expressions of Rb/E2F signal pathway proteins were down-regulated. The bladder cancer cells were arrested in G0/G1 phase, and their growth was significantly inhibited by miR-503-5p. Conclusion The miR-503-5p over-expression can inhibit the growth of bladder cancer cell lines T24 and EJ by down-regulating the expression of the Rb/E2F signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Li
- Department of Urology, Luoyang Central Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Luoyang 471000, China
| | - Xingtao Han
- Department of Urology, Luoyang Central Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Luoyang 471000, China
| | - Jinhui Yang
- Department of Urology, Luoyang Central Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Luoyang 471000, China
| | - Jiantao Sun
- Department of Urology, Luoyang Central Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Luoyang 471000, China
| | - Pengtao Wei
- Department of Urology, Luoyang Central Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Luoyang 471000, China. *Corresponding author, E-mail:
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15
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Yang J, Zhang HF, Qin CF. MicroRNA-217 functions as a prognosis predictor and inhibits pancreatic cancer cell proliferation and invasion via targeting E2F3. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2017; 21:4050-4057. [PMID: 29028097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pancreatic cancer (PC) is the most malignant tumor among all the tumors in the digestive system. MiR-217 has been reported to take a critical part in various malignant tumors. The aim of this study was to explore the function of MiR-217 in pancreatic cancer and its target genes. PATIENTS AND METHODS Twenty pairs of PC tissues and matched normal adjacent pancreatic tissues were collected. The expression of miR-217 in PC tissues and normal pancreatic tissues was detected by Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). PC cells were transfected with miR-217 mimics, inhibitors and negative control, respectively. Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay was used to detect cell viability. Cell apoptosis was checked via Annexin V-FITC/PI apoptosis kit. The protein expression of E2F3 was detected by Western blot. To detect repression by miR-217, HEK293T cells were co-transfected with the indicated E2F3 3'-UTR luciferase reporter. RESULTS The expression of miR-217 was reduced in PC tissues comparing to normal pancreatic tissues. Meantime, the in-vitro study revealed that miR-217 suppressed PC cell growth, invasion but promoted apoptosis. Next, we proved that E2F3 was the target of miR-217 on PC cell function. CONCLUSIONS miR-217 suppresses PC cell growth, invasion but promotes apoptosis in vitro through targeting E2F3. The miR-217-E2F3 axis may be used for PC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Shihezi University, Xinjiang, China.
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16
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Gamper I, Burkhart DL, Bywater MJ, Garcia D, Wilson CH, Kreuzaler PA, Arends MJ, Zheng YW, Perfetto A, Littlewood TD, Evan GI. Determination of the physiological and pathological roles of E2F3 in adult tissues. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9932. [PMID: 28855541 PMCID: PMC5577339 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09494-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
While genetically engineered mice have made an enormous contribution towards the elucidation of human disease, it has hitherto not been possible to tune up or down the level of expression of any endogenous gene. Here we describe compound genetically modified mice in which expression of the endogenous E2f3 gene may be either reversibly elevated or repressed in adult animals by oral administration of tetracycline. This technology is, in principle, applicable to any endogenous gene, allowing direct determination of both elevated and reduced gene expression in physiological and pathological processes. Applying this switchable technology to the key cell cycle transcription factor E2F3, we demonstrate that elevated levels of E2F3 drive ectopic proliferation in multiple tissues. By contrast, E2F3 repression has minimal impact on tissue proliferation or homeostasis in the majority of contexts due to redundancy of adult function with E2F1 and E2F2. In the absence of E2F1 and E2F2, however, repression of E2F3 elicits profound reduction of proliferation in the hematopoietic compartments that is rapidly lethal in adult animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivonne Gamper
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Megan J Bywater
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Daniel Garcia
- The Salk Institute for Biological Sciences, 10010 North Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | | | | | - Mark J Arends
- Pathology Department, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Division of Pathology, Centre for Comparative Pathology, University of Edinburgh, Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Yao-Wu Zheng
- Cardiovasular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- Transgenic Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | | | | | - Gerard I Evan
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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17
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Tang Z, Liu N, Luo L, Kang K, Li L, Ni R, Qiu H, Gou D. MicroRNA-17-92 Regulates the Transcription Factor E2F3b during Myogenesis In Vitro and In Vivo. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18040727. [PMID: 28362317 PMCID: PMC5412313 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18040727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2016] [Revised: 03/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Myogenic differentiation, which occurs during muscle development, is a highly ordered process that can be regulated by E2F transcription factors. Available data show that E2F3b, but not E2F3a, is upregulated and required for myogenic differentiation. However, the regulation of E2F3b expression in myogenic differentiation is not well understood. To investigate whether E2Fb expression is controlled by miRNAs, we used bioinformatics to combine the database of microRNAs downregulated during myogenesis and those predicted to target E2F3. This identified miR-17 and miR-20a as miRNAs potentially involved in E2F3 regulation. We found that miR-17-92 controls the expression of E2F3b in C2C12 cells during myogenic differentiation. Moreover, we confirmed that miR-20a regulates the expression of E2F3b proteins in vivo using a muscle regeneration model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixiong Tang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Nian Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Lan Luo
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Kang Kang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Sciences Center, Shenzhen 518000, China.
| | - Li Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Ruiyang Ni
- School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Huiling Qiu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
- Biomedical Engineering, College of Health and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 51000, China.
| | - Deming Gou
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
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18
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Kent LN, Bae S, Tsai SY, Tang X, Srivastava A, Koivisto C, Martin CK, Ridolfi E, Miller GC, Zorko SM, Plevris E, Hadjiyannis Y, Perez M, Nolan E, Kladney R, Westendorp B, de Bruin A, Fernandez S, Rosol TJ, Pohar KS, Pipas JM, Leone G. Dosage-dependent copy number gains in E2f1 and E2f3 drive hepatocellular carcinoma. J Clin Invest 2017; 127:830-842. [PMID: 28134624 DOI: 10.1172/jci87583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Disruption of the retinoblastoma (RB) tumor suppressor pathway, either through genetic mutation of upstream regulatory components or mutation of RB1 itself, is believed to be a required event in cancer. However, genetic alterations in the RB-regulated E2F family of transcription factors are infrequent, casting doubt on a direct role for E2Fs in driving cancer. In this work, a mutation analysis of human cancer revealed subtle but impactful copy number gains in E2F1 and E2F3 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Using a series of loss- and gain-of-function alleles to dial E2F transcriptional output, we have shown that copy number gains in E2f1 or E2f3b resulted in dosage-dependent spontaneous HCC in mice without the involvement of additional organs. Conversely, germ-line loss of E2f1 or E2f3b, but not E2f3a, protected mice against HCC. Combinatorial mapping of chromatin occupancy and transcriptome profiling identified an E2F1- and E2F3B-driven transcriptional program that was associated with development and progression of HCC. These findings demonstrate a direct and cell-autonomous role for E2F activators in human cancer.
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19
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Zhu X, Enomoto K, Zhao L, Zhu YJ, Willingham MC, Meltzer P, Qi J, Cheng SY. Bromodomain and Extraterminal Protein Inhibitor JQ1 Suppresses Thyroid Tumor Growth in a Mouse Model. Clin Cancer Res 2017; 23:430-440. [PMID: 27440272 PMCID: PMC5241246 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-16-0914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2016] [Revised: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE New therapeutic approaches are needed for patients with thyroid cancer refractory to radioiodine treatment. An inhibitor of bromodomain and extraterminal domain (BET) proteins, JQ1, shows potent antitumor effects in hematological cancers and solid tumors. To evaluate whether JQ1 is effective against thyroid cancer, we examined antitumor efficacy of JQ1 using the ThrbPV/PVKrasG12D mouse, a model of anaplastic thyroid cancer. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We treated ThrbPV/PVKrasG12D mice with vehicle or JQ1 at a dose of 50 mg/kg body weight/day starting at the age of 8 weeks for a 10-week period and monitored thyroid tumor progression. RESULTS JQ1 markedly inhibited thyroid tumor growth and prolonged survival of these mice. Global differential gene expression analysis showed that JQ1 suppressed the cMyc (hereafter referred to as Myc) transcription program by inhibiting mRNA expression of Myc, ccnd1, and other related genes. JQ1-suppressed Myc expression was accompanied by chromatin remodeling as evidenced by increased expression of histones and hexamethylene bis-acetamide inducible 1, a suppressor of RNA polymerase II transcription elongation. Analyses showed that JQ1 decreased MYC abundance in thyroid tumors and attenuated the cyclin D1-CDK4-Rb-E2F3 signaling to decrease tumor growth. Further analysis indicated that JQ1 inhibited the recruitment of BDR4 to the promoter complex of the Myc and Ccnd1 genes in rat thyroid follicular PCCL3 cells, resulting in decreased MYC expression at the mRNA and protein levels to inhibit tumor cell proliferation. CONCLUSIONS These preclinical findings suggest that BET inhibitors may be an effective agent to reduce thyroid tumor burden for the treatment of refractory thyroid cancer. Clin Cancer Res; 23(2); 430-40. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuguang Zhu
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Keisuke Enomoto
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Li Zhao
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Yuelin J Zhu
- Laboratory Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Mark C Willingham
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Paul Meltzer
- Laboratory Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jun Qi
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sheue-Yann Cheng
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland.
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20
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Chang SW, Yue J, Wang BC, Zhang XL. miR-503 inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis in colorectal cancer cells by targeting E2F3. Int J Clin Exp Pathol 2015; 8:12853-12860. [PMID: 26722476 PMCID: PMC4680421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/20/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the major healthcare problems worldwide. A lot of miRNAs are aberrantly expressed in CRC and involved in its development and progression. The purpose of this study was to investigate the expression and function of miR-503 in CRC. METHODS miR-503 expression was detected in CRC tissues and cell lines by Quantitative real-time PCR. Cell proliferation was assessed by MTT assay. Cell apoptosis and cell cycle distribution were measured by flow cytometry. Moreover, luciferase reporter assay and western blot were performed to determine the potential target of miR-503 in CRC cells. RESULTS miR-503 was significantly decreased in CRC tissues and cell lines in comparison with controls. Overexpression of miR-503 in CRC cells remarkably inhibited cell proliferation and induced apoptosis. Furthermore, E2F3 was identified as a direct target of miR-503 in CRC cells and down-regulation of E2F3 had a similar effect as miR-503 overexpression on CRC cells. In addition, the expression of E2F3 was negatively correlated with miR-503 level in CRC tissues. CONCLUSIONS miR-503 inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis by directly targeting E2F3 in CRC cells, indicating its potential application in CRC diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun-Wu Chang
- Department of Surgery, Third Clinical Medical College of Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou 510630, China
- Department of Surgery, People’s Hospital of Hainan ProvinceHaikou 570311, China
| | - Jie Yue
- Department of Surgery, People’s Hospital of Hainan ProvinceHaikou 570311, China
| | - Bao-Chun Wang
- Department of Surgery, People’s Hospital of Hainan ProvinceHaikou 570311, China
| | - Xue-Li Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Fengxian Hospital Affiliated to Southern Medical UniversityShanghai 201499, China
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21
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Kiyonari S, Iimori M, Matsuoka K, Watanabe S, Morikawa-Ichinose T, Miura D, Niimi S, Saeki H, Tokunaga E, Oki E, Morita M, Kadomatsu K, Maehara Y, Kitao H. The 1,2-Diaminocyclohexane Carrier Ligand in Oxaliplatin Induces p53-Dependent Transcriptional Repression of Factors Involved in Thymidylate Biosynthesis. Mol Cancer Ther 2015; 14:2332-42. [PMID: 26208523 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-14-0748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Platinum-based chemotherapeutic drugs are widely used as components of combination chemotherapy in the treatment of cancer. One such drug, oxaliplatin, exerts a synergistic effect against advanced colorectal cancer in combination with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and leucovorin. In the p53-proficient colorectal cancer cell line HCT116, oxaliplatin represses the expression of deoxyuridine triphosphatase (dUTPase), a ubiquitous pyrophosphatase that catalyzes the hydrolysis of dUTP to dUMP and inhibits dUTP-mediated cytotoxicity. However, the underlying mechanism of this activity has not been completely elucidated, and it remains unclear whether factors other than downregulation of dUTPase contribute to the synergistic effect of 5-FU and oxaliplatin. In this study, we found that oxaliplatin and dachplatin, platinum-based drugs containing the 1,2-diaminocyclohexane (DACH) carrier ligand, repressed the expression of nuclear isoform of dUTPase (DUT-N), whereas cisplatin and carboplatin did not. Oxaliplatin induced early p53 accumulation, upregulation of primary miR-34a transcript expression, and subsequent downregulation of E2F3 and E2F1. Nutlin-3a, which activates p53 nongenotoxically, had similar effects. Introduction of miR-34a mimic also repressed E2F1 and DUT-N expression, indicating that this miRNA plays a causative role. In addition to DUT-N, oxaliplatin repressed, in a p53-dependent manner, the expression of genes encoding enzymes involved in thymidylate biosynthesis. Consequently, oxaliplatin significantly decreased the level of dTTP in the dNTP pool in a p53-dependent manner. These data indicate that the DACH carrier ligand in oxaliplatin triggers signaling via the p53-miR-34a-E2F axis, leading to transcriptional regulation that ultimately results in accumulation of dUTP and reduced dTTP biosynthesis, potentially enhancing 5-FU cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichi Kiyonari
- Innovative Anticancer Strategy for Therapeutics and Diagnosis Group, Innovation Center for Medical Redox Navigation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Kyushu, Japan. Department of Biochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
| | - Makoto Iimori
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Kyushu, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Matsuoka
- Innovative Anticancer Strategy for Therapeutics and Diagnosis Group, Innovation Center for Medical Redox Navigation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Kyushu, Japan. Taiho Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Tokushima, Japan
| | - Sugiko Watanabe
- Innovative Anticancer Strategy for Therapeutics and Diagnosis Group, Innovation Center for Medical Redox Navigation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Kyushu, Japan
| | - Tomomi Morikawa-Ichinose
- Metabolic Profiling Research Group, Innovation Center for Medical Redox Navigation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Kyushu, Japan
| | - Daisuke Miura
- Metabolic Profiling Research Group, Innovation Center for Medical Redox Navigation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Kyushu, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Niimi
- Innovative Anticancer Strategy for Therapeutics and Diagnosis Group, Innovation Center for Medical Redox Navigation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Kyushu, Japan. Taiho Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Tokushima, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Saeki
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Kyushu, Japan
| | - Eriko Tokunaga
- Department of Comprehensive Clinical Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Kyushu, Japan
| | - Eiji Oki
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Kyushu, Japan
| | - Masaru Morita
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Kyushu, Japan
| | - Kenji Kadomatsu
- Department of Biochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Maehara
- Innovative Anticancer Strategy for Therapeutics and Diagnosis Group, Innovation Center for Medical Redox Navigation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Kyushu, Japan. Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Kyushu, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kitao
- Innovative Anticancer Strategy for Therapeutics and Diagnosis Group, Innovation Center for Medical Redox Navigation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Kyushu, Japan. Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Kyushu, Japan.
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22
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Song C, Wu G, Xiang A, Zhang Q, Li W, Yang G, Shi X, Sun S, Li X. Over-expression of miR-125a-5p inhibits proliferation in C2C12 myoblasts by targeting E2F3. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2015; 47:244-9. [PMID: 25733534 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmv006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small non-coding RNAs of 20-25 nucleotides in length. It has been shown that miRNAs play important roles in the proliferation of many types of cells, including myoblasts. In this study, we used real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, western blotting, EdU, flow cytometry, and CCK-8 assay to explore the role of miR-125a-5p during the proliferation of C2C12 myoblasts. It was found that the expression of miR-125a-5p was decreased during C2C12 myoblast proliferation. Over-expression of miR-125a-5p inhibited C2C12 myoblast proliferation as indicated by EdU staining, flow cytometry, and CCK8 assay. It was also found that miR-125a-5p could negatively regulate E2F3 expression at posttranscriptional level, via a specific target site in the 3' untranslated region. Knockdown of E2F3 showed a similar inhibitory effect on C2C12 myoblast proliferation. Thus, our findings suggest that miR-125a-5p may act as a negative regulator of C2C12 myoblast proliferation by targeting E2F3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengchuang Song
- Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition and Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Guofang Wu
- Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition and Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Aoqi Xiang
- Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition and Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Qiangling Zhang
- Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition and Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Wanhua Li
- Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition and Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Gongshe Yang
- Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition and Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Xin'e Shi
- Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition and Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Shiduo Sun
- Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition and Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition and Muscle Development, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
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23
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Schwentner R, Papamarkou T, Kauer MO, Stathopoulos V, Yang F, Bilke S, Meltzer PS, Girolami M, Kovar H. EWS-FLI1 employs an E2F switch to drive target gene expression. Nucleic Acids Res 2015; 43:2780-9. [PMID: 25712098 PMCID: PMC4357724 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkv123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Revised: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell cycle progression is orchestrated by E2F factors. We previously reported that in ETS-driven cancers of the bone and prostate, activating E2F3 cooperates with ETS on target promoters. The mechanism of target co-regulation remained unknown. Using RNAi and time-resolved chromatin-immunoprecipitation in Ewing sarcoma we report replacement of E2F3/pRB by constitutively expressed repressive E2F4/p130 complexes on target genes upon EWS-FLI1 modulation. Using mathematical modeling we interrogated four alternative explanatory models for the observed EWS-FLI1/E2F3 cooperation based on longitudinal E2F target and regulating transcription factor expression analysis. Bayesian model selection revealed the formation of a synergistic complex between EWS-FLI1 and E2F3 as the by far most likely mechanism explaining the observed kinetics of E2F target induction. Consequently we propose that aberrant cell cycle activation in Ewing sarcoma is due to the de-repression of E2F targets as a consequence of transcriptional induction and physical recruitment of E2F3 by EWS-FLI1 replacing E2F4 on their target promoters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphaela Schwentner
- Children's Cancer Research Institute, St. Anna Kinderkrebsforschung, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | | | - Maximilian O Kauer
- Children's Cancer Research Institute, St. Anna Kinderkrebsforschung, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | | | - Fan Yang
- Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sven Bilke
- Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Paul S Meltzer
- Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mark Girolami
- Department of Statistics, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Heinrich Kovar
- Children's Cancer Research Institute, St. Anna Kinderkrebsforschung, Vienna 1090, Austria Dept. of Pediatrics, Medical University, Vienna 1090, Austria
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24
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Chen L, Cui J, Hou J, Long J, Li C, Liu L. A novel negative regulator of adipogenesis: microRNA-363. Stem Cells 2014; 32:510-20. [PMID: 24023010 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2013] [Revised: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 08/05/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The differentiation of adipose tissue-derived stromal cells (ADSCs) into adipocytes involves a highly orchestrated series of events that includes cell lineage commitment, mitotic clonal expansion, growth arrest, and terminal differentiation. However, the molecular mechanisms controlling adipogenesis are not yet completely understood. In this study, we investigated whether microRNAs (miRNAs) play a role in adipocyte differentiation. Microarray analysis was performed to determine the miRNA expression profile during ADSC differentiation, and miR-363 was found to be one of the most significantly downregulated miRNAs. We show that the overexpression of miR-363 in ADSCs inhibited mitotic clonal expansion and terminal differentiation. Furthermore, ectopic introduction of miR-363 into ADSCs markedly reduced the levels of E2F3, a key transcription factor that regulates growth and proliferation during mitotic clonal expansion. Finally, using an EGFP/RFP reporter assay, we demonstrate that miR-363 can directly target the 3'UTR of E2F3. Taken together, these results suggest that miR-363 regulates the transition from mitotic clonal expansion to terminal differentiation during adipogenesis in ADSCs, at least in part, by targeting E2F3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China; Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
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25
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Giangreco AA, Vaishnav A, Wagner D, Finelli A, Fleshner N, Van der Kwast T, Vieth R, Nonn L. Tumor suppressor microRNAs, miR-100 and -125b, are regulated by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D in primary prostate cells and in patient tissue. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2013; 6:483-94. [PMID: 23503652 PMCID: PMC3644314 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-12-0253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
MiR-100 and miR-125b are lost in many cancers and have potential function as tumor suppressors. Using both primary prostatic epithelial cultures and laser capture-microdissected prostate epithelium from 45 patients enrolled in a vitamin D3 randomized trial, we identified miR-100 and -125b as targets of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25D). In patients, miR-100 and -125b levels were significantly lower in tumor tissue than in benign prostate. Similarly, miR-100 and -125b were lower in primary prostate cancer cells than in cells derived from benign prostate. Prostatic concentrations of 1,25D positively correlated with these miRNA levels in both prostate cancer and benign epithelium, showing that patients with prostate cancer may still benefit from vitamin D3. In cell assays, upregulation of these miRNAs by 1,25D was vitamin D receptor dependent. Transfection of pre-miR-100 and pre-miR-125b in the presence or absence of 1,25D decreased invasiveness of cancer cell, RWPE-2. Pre-miR-100 and pre-miR-125b decreased proliferation in primary cells and cancer cells respectively. Pre-miR-125b transfection suppressed migration and clonal growth of prostate cancer cells, whereas knockdown of miR-125b in normal cells increased migration indicates a tumor suppressor function. 1,25D suppressed expression of previously bona fide mRNA targets of these miRNAs, E2F3 and Plk1, in a miRNA-dependent manner. Together, these findings show that vitamin D3 supplementation augments tumor suppressive miRNAs in patient prostate tissue, providing evidence that miRNAs could be key physiologic mediators of vitamin D3 activity in prevention and early treatment of prostate cancer.
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MESH Headings
- Adenocarcinoma/drug therapy
- Adenocarcinoma/etiology
- Adenocarcinoma/pathology
- Adult
- Aged
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Blotting, Western
- Case-Control Studies
- Cell Cycle Proteins/genetics
- Cell Cycle Proteins/metabolism
- Cell Movement/drug effects
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured
- Clinical Trials, Phase II as Topic
- E2F3 Transcription Factor/genetics
- E2F3 Transcription Factor/metabolism
- Follow-Up Studies
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Humans
- Laser Capture Microdissection
- Male
- MicroRNAs/antagonists & inhibitors
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- Middle Aged
- Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis
- Prognosis
- Prostate/drug effects
- Prostate/pathology
- Prostatic Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Prostatic Neoplasms/etiology
- Prostatic Neoplasms/pathology
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
- Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Receptors, Calcitriol/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Calcitriol/genetics
- Receptors, Calcitriol/metabolism
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Vitamin D/analogs & derivatives
- Vitamin D/pharmacology
- Polo-Like Kinase 1
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Avani Vaishnav
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Dennis Wagner
- Department of Pathology, Mt. Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Antonio Finelli
- Surgical Oncology, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Neil Fleshner
- Surgical Oncology, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Reinhold Vieth
- Department of Pathology, Mt. Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Larisa Nonn
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL, USA
- University of Illinois Cancer Center, Chicago, IL, USA
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26
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Abstract
BACKGROUND MiR-210 is induced by hypoxia and plays different roles in the development of certain cancers. However, little is known about its role in pancreatic cancer (PC). This study aimed to explore the induction and modulation of PC by miR-210 and its potential molecular targets. METHODS PC cells were cultured under normoxic and hypoxic conditions. Expression of miR-210 and hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1alpha was detected using quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. Cancer cells were transiently transfected with HIF-1alpha small interfering RNA (siRNA) and miR-210 mimics, and cell proliferation was measured using the CCK-8 assay. Potential targets for miR-210 were then identified using a dual luciferase reporter assay. RESULTS Hypoxic conditions induced miR-210 expression in six PC cell lines (AsPC-1, BxPC-3, MIAPaCa-2, PANC-1, Su86.86 and SW1990), but not in Capan-1 or T3M4 cells. Transfection of HIF-1alpha siRNA into PANC-1 cells markedly inhibited HIF-1alpha expression, and subsequently down-regulated miR-210 expression under hypoxic conditions. MiR-210 had no observable impact on the proliferation of PANC-1 or Su86.86 cells and dual luciferase reporter assays showed significantly reduced luciferase activity in the wild-type E2F3, EFNA3, GIT2, MNT, ZNF462 and EGR3 constructs, compared to the corresponding mutants, but not in HOXA3. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that miR-210 expression in PC cells is induced by hypoxia through a HIF-1alpha-dependent pathway, but does not influence PC cell proliferation. Also, E2F3, EFNA3, GIT2, MNT, ZNF462 and EGR3 may be potential miR-210 targets in PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Yun Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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27
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Libertini SJ, Chen H, al-Bataina B, Koilvaram T, George M, Gao AC, Mudryj M. The interleukin 6 receptor is a direct transcriptional target of E2F3 in prostate tumor derived cells. Prostate 2012; 72:649-60. [PMID: 21837779 DOI: 10.1002/pros.21468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2011] [Accepted: 07/05/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The E2F/RB pathway is frequently disrupted in multiple human cancers. E2F3 levels are elevated in prostate tumors and E2F3 overexpression independently predicts clinical outcome. The goals of this study were to identify direct transcriptional targets of E2F3 in prostate tumor derived cells. METHODS Expression array studies identified the interleukin 6 receptor (IL-6R) as an E2F3 target. E2F3-dependent expression of IL-6R was analyzed by real time PCR and Western immunoblot analysis in several cell lines. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and IL-6R-luciferase reporter plasmid studies were used to characterize the IL-6R promoter. RESULTS Expression array studies identified genes that were regulated by E2F3 in prostate tumor derived cell lines. The network most significantly associated with E2F3-regulated transcripts was cytokine signaling and the IL-6R was a component of several of the most prominent E2F3-regulated pathways. The transcriptional regulation of IL-6R by E2F3 knockdown was validated in several prostate tumor-derived cell lines at the RNA level and protein level. The IL-6R regulatory region containing ChIP-identified E2F3 binding sites was cloned into a reporter and co-transfected with an E2F3a expression plasmid. The luciferase assay showed that E2F3a transactivated the IL-6R promoter in a dose dependent manner. The functional consequence of IL-6R decrease was a reduction in the levels of ERK1/2 phosphorylation, indicating that IL-6R initiated signaling was altered. CONCLUSION These studies connect the E2F and IL-6 signaling cascade, thus providing the mechanistic link between two major regulatory networks that are perturbed during prostate tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Libertini
- Veterans Affairs-Northern California Health Care System, Mather, California, USA
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28
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Wang H, Tan G, Dong L, Cheng L, Li K, Wang Z, Luo H. Circulating MiR-125b as a marker predicting chemoresistance in breast cancer. PLoS One 2012; 7:e34210. [PMID: 22523546 PMCID: PMC3327688 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0034210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2011] [Accepted: 02/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chemotherapy is an important component in the treatment paradigm for breast cancers. However, the resistance of cancer cells to chemotherapeutic agents frequently results in the subsequent recurrence and metastasis. Identification of molecular markers to predict treatment outcome is therefore warranted. The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether expression of circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) can predict clinical outcome in breast cancer patients treated with adjuvant chemotherapy. Methodology/Principal Findings Circulating miRNAs in blood serum prior to treatment were determined by quantitative Real-Time PCR in 56 breast cancer patients with invasive ductal carcinoma and pre-operative neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) immunostaining and TUNEL were performed in surgical samples to determine the effects of chemotherapy on cancer cell proliferation and apoptosis, respectively. Among the miRNAs tested, only miR-125b was significantly associated with therapeutic response, exhibiting higher expression level in non-responsive patients (n = 26, 46%; p = 0.008). In addition, breast cancers with high miR-125b expression had higher percentage of proliferating cells and lower percentage of apoptotic cells in the corresponding surgical specimens obtained after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Increased resistance to anticancer drug was observed in vitro in breast cancer cells with ectopic miR-125b expression; conversely, reducing miR-125b level sensitized breast cancer cells to chemotherapy. Moreover, we demonstrated that the E2F3 was a direct target of miR-125b in breast cancer cells. Conclusions/Significance These data suggest that circulating miR-125b expression is associated with chemotherapeutic resistance of breast cancer. This finding has important implications in the development of targeted therapeutics for overcoming chemotherapeutic resistance in novel anti-cancer strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjiang Wang
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, People's Republic of China.
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29
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Moiseeva O, Bourdeau V, Vernier M, Dabauvalle MC, Ferbeyre G. Retinoblastoma-independent regulation of cell proliferation and senescence by the p53-p21 axis in lamin A /C-depleted cells. Aging Cell 2011; 10:789-97. [PMID: 21535365 DOI: 10.1111/j.1474-9726.2011.00719.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The expression of A-type lamin is downregulated in several cancers, and lamin defects are the cause of several diseases including a form of accelerated aging. We report that depletion of lamin A/C expression in normal human cells leads to a dramatic downregulation of the Rb family of tumor suppressors and a defect in cell proliferation. Lamin A/C-depleted cells exhibited a flat morphology and accumulated markers of cellular senescence. This senescent phenotype was accompanied by engagement of the p53 tumor suppressor and induction of the p53 target gene p21 and was prevented by small hairpin RNAs against p53, p21, or by the oncoprotein Mdm2. The expression of E2F target genes, normally required for cell cycle progression, was downregulated after lamin A/C depletion but restored after the inactivation of p53. A similar senescence response was observed in myoblasts from a patient with a lamin A mutation causing muscular dystrophy. We thus reveal a previously unnoticed mechanism of controlling cell cycle genes expression, which depends on p53 but does not require the retinoblastoma family of tumor suppressors and that can be relevant to understand the pathogenesis of laminopathies and perhaps aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Moiseeva
- Biochemistry Department, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
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30
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Roperto S, De Tullio R, Raso C, Stifanese R, Russo V, Gaspari M, Borzacchiello G, Averna M, Paciello O, Cuda G, Roperto F. Calpain3 is expressed in a proteolitically active form in papillomavirus-associated urothelial tumors of the urinary bladder in cattle. PLoS One 2010; 5:e10299. [PMID: 20421977 PMCID: PMC2858658 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0010299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2010] [Accepted: 03/26/2010] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Calpain 3 (Capn3), also named p94, is a skeletal muscle tissue-specific protein known to be responsible for limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 2A (LGMD2A). Recent experimental studies have hypothesized a pro-apoptotic role of Capn3 in some melanoma cell lines. So far the link between calpain3 and tumors comes from in vitro studies. The objective of this study was to describe Capn3 activation in naturally occurring urothelial tumors of the urinary bladder in cattle. Methods and Findings Here we describe, for the first time in veterinary and comparative oncology, the activation of Capn3 in twelve urothelial tumor cells of the urinary bladder of cattle. Capn3 protein was initially identified with nanoscale liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (nano LC-MS/MS) in a co-immunoprecipitation experiment on E2F3, known to be a transcription factor playing a crucial role in bladder carcinogenesis in humans. Capn3 expression was then confirmed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Finally, the Ca2+-dependent proteolytic activity of Capn3 was assayed following ion exchange chromatography. Morphologically, Capn3 expression was documented by immunohistochemical methods. In fact numerous tumor cells showed an intracytoplasmic immunoreactivity, which was more rarely evident also at nuclear level. In urothelial tumors, bovine papillomavirus type 2 (BPV-2) DNA was amplified by PCR and the expression of E5 protein, the major oncogenic protein of BVP-2, was detected by western blotting, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence. E2F3 overexpression and pRb protein downregulation were shown by western blotting. Conclusion The role of capn3 protein in urothelial cancer of the urinary bladder remains to be elucidated: further studies would be required to determine the precise function of this protease in tumor development and progression. However, we suggest that activated Capn3 may be involved in molecular pathways leading to the overexpression of E2F3, which in turn could be responsible for urothelial tumor cell proliferation also in cattle, though other mechanisms are likely to exist. If further studies corroborate the important role of Capn3 in urothelial tumors of the urinary bladder, cattle with urinary tumors may prove useful as animal model for bladder carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sante Roperto
- Department of Pathology and Animal Health, Division of Infectious Diseases, Naples University Federico II, Naples, Italy.
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31
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Abstract
Oncomir-1 is an oncogenic cluster of microRNAs (miRNA) located on chromosome 13. Previous in vitro studies showed that it is transcriptionally regulated by the transcription factor E2F3. In this report, we combine expression profiling of both mRNA and miRNAs in Wilms' tumor (WT) samples to provide the first evidence that the E2F3-Oncomir-1 axis, previously identified in cell culture, is deregulated in primary human tumors. Analysis of RNA expression signatures showed that an E2F3 gene signature was activated in all WT samples analyzed, in contrast to other kidney tumors. This finding was validated by immunohistochemistry on the protein level. Expression of E2F3 was lowest in early-stage tumors and highest in metastatic tissue. Expression profiling of miRNAs in WT showed that expression of each measured member of the Oncomir-1 family was highest in WT relative to other kidney tumor subtypes. Quantitative PCR confirmed that these miRNAs were overexpressed in WT relative to normal kidney tissue. These results suggest that the E2F3-Oncomir-1 axis is activated in WT. Our study also shows the utility of integrated genomics combining gene signature analysis with miRNA expression profiling to identify protein-miRNA interactions that are perturbed in disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric J. Kort
- Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology, Van Andel Research Institute, 333 Bostwick Ave N.E., Grand Rapids, Michigan 49503
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, Van Andel Research Institute, 333 Bostwick Ave N.E., Grand Rapids, Michigan 49503
| | - Leslie Farber
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, Van Andel Research Institute, 333 Bostwick Ave N.E., Grand Rapids, Michigan 49503
| | - Maria Tretiakova
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637
| | - David Petillo
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, Van Andel Research Institute, 333 Bostwick Ave N.E., Grand Rapids, Michigan 49503
| | - Kyle A. Furge
- Laboratory of Computational Biology, Van Andel Research Institute, 333 Bostwick Ave N.E., Grand Rapids, Michigan 49503
| | - Ximing J. Yang
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University, Feinberg 7−338, 251 East Huron Street, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Albert Cornelius
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, De Vos Children's Hospital, 100 Michigan NE, Grand Rapids, Michigan 49503
| | - Bin T. Teh
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, Van Andel Research Institute, 333 Bostwick Ave N.E., Grand Rapids, Michigan 49503
- NCCS-VARI Translational Research Laboratory, National Cancer Centre, 11 Hospital Drive, Singapore 169610
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32
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Abstract
The use of serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) measurements necessitates biopsies for accurate prostate cancer (CaP) diagnosis. Overall efficiency of accurate diagnosis, when PSA levels are used alone, is less than 60%. E2F3 was evaluated as an alternative biomarker using patient blood samples. Expression levels were measured by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and correlated with accurate clinicopathological data. Statistical analysis demonstrated significant differences in E2F3 expression levels (p<0.0001), and high levels of discrimination (receiver operator curve/area under curve analysis values (AUC) >0.88), in particular at early stages of disease development, between benign disease and localized CaP. Limited levels of discrimination were observed at the later stages of disease development, between localized and metastatic disease (p=0.076, AUC=0.633). A cut-off point of 0.34 with high specificity for benign disease (92.3%) and sensitivity for CaP diagnosis (81.0%) was identified. At this cut-off point, 85% patients were correctly diagnosed with either malignant or benign disease. This study demonstrates the strength of E2F3 as a potential marker for discriminating benign and malignant disease, addressing the current limitations of serum PSA measurements.
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33
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Chen D, Opavsky R, Pacal M, Tanimoto N, Wenzel P, Seeliger MW, Leone G, Bremner R. Rb-mediated neuronal differentiation through cell-cycle-independent regulation of E2f3a. PLoS Biol 2007; 5:e179. [PMID: 17608565 PMCID: PMC1914394 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.0050179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2007] [Accepted: 05/08/2007] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
It has long been known that loss of the retinoblastoma protein (Rb) perturbs neural differentiation, but the underlying mechanism has never been solved. Rb absence impairs cell cycle exit and triggers death of some neurons, so differentiation defects may well be indirect. Indeed, we show that abnormalities in both differentiation and light-evoked electrophysiological responses in Rb-deficient retinal cells are rescued when ectopic division and apoptosis are blocked specifically by deleting E2f transcription factor (E2f) 1. However, comprehensive cell-type analysis of the rescued double-null retina exposed cell-cycle–independent differentiation defects specifically in starburst amacrine cells (SACs), cholinergic interneurons critical in direction selectivity and developmentally important rhythmic bursts. Typically, Rb is thought to block division by repressing E2fs, but to promote differentiation by potentiating tissue-specific factors. Remarkably, however, Rb promotes SAC differentiation by inhibiting E2f3 activity. Two E2f3 isoforms exist, and we find both in the developing retina, although intriguingly they show distinct subcellular distribution. E2f3b is thought to mediate Rb function in quiescent cells. However, in what is to our knowledge the first work to dissect E2f isoform function in vivo we show that Rb promotes SAC differentiation through E2f3a. These data reveal a mechanism through which Rb regulates neural differentiation directly, and, unexpectedly, it involves inhibition of E2f3a, not potentiation of tissue-specific factors. The retinoblastoma protein (Rb), an important tumor suppressor, blocks division and death by inhibiting the E2f transcription factor family. In contrast, Rb is thought to promote differentiation by potentiating tissue-specific transcription factors, although differentiation defects in Rb null cells could be an indirect consequence of E2f-driven division and death. Here, we resolve different mechanisms by which Rb controls division, death, and differentiation in the retina. Removing E2f1 rescues aberrant division of differentiating Rb-deficient retinal neurons, as well as death in cells prone to apoptosis, and restores both normal differentiation and function of major cell types, such as photoreceptors. However, Rb-deficient starburst amacrine neurons differentiate abnormally even when E2f1 is removed, providing an unequivocal example of a direct role for Rb in neuronal differentiation. Rather than potentiating a cell-specific factor, Rb promotes starburst cell differentiation by inhibiting another E2f, E2f3a. This cell-cycle–independent activity broadens the importance of the Rb–E2f pathway, and suggests we should reassess its role in the differentiation of other cell types. The retinoblastoma protein (Rb), a tumor suppressor, promotes the differentiation of starburst amacrine cells in the retina by inhibiting the transcription factor E2f3a, whereas it suppresses retinal cell division and death by inhibiting E2f1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danian Chen
- Genetics and Development Division, Toronto Western Research Institute, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rene Opavsky
- Human Cancer Genetics Program, Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Marek Pacal
- Genetics and Development Division, Toronto Western Research Institute, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Naoyuki Tanimoto
- Ocular Neurodegeneration Research Group, Centre for Ophthalmology, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, University of Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Pamela Wenzel
- Human Cancer Genetics Program, Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Mathias W Seeliger
- Ocular Neurodegeneration Research Group, Centre for Ophthalmology, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, University of Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Gustavo Leone
- Human Cancer Genetics Program, Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Rod Bremner
- Genetics and Development Division, Toronto Western Research Institute, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- * To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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34
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Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) is one of the most common forms of cancer in children, accounting for 15% of pediatric cancer deaths. The clinical course of these tumors is highly variable and is dependent on such factors as age at presentation, stage, ploidy and genomic abnormalities. Hemizygous deletion of chromosome 1p occurs in approximately 30% of advanced stage tumors, is associated with a poor prognosis, and likely leads to the loss of one or more tumor suppressor genes. We show here that microRNA (miRNA)-34a (1p36.23) is generally expressed at lower levels in unfavorable primary NB tumors and cell lines relative to normal adrenal tissue and that reintroduction of this miRNA into three different NB cell lines causes a dramatic reduction in cell proliferation through the induction of a caspase-dependent apoptotic pathway. As a potential mechanistic explanation for this observation, we demonstrate that miR-34a directly targets the messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) encoding E2F3 and significantly reduces the levels of E2F3 protein, a potent transcriptional inducer of cell-cycle progression. Furthermore, miR-34a expression increases during retinoic acid-induced differentiation of the SK-N-BE cell line, whereas E2F3 protein levels decrease. Thus, adding to the increasing role of miRNAs in cancer, miR-34a may act as a suppressor of NB tumorgenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Welch
- Children's Cancer Research Institute and Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, MC 7784, TX, USA
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35
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Wenzel PL, Wu L, de Bruin A, Chong JL, Chen WY, Dureska G, Sites E, Pan T, Sharma A, Huang K, Ridgway R, Mosaliganti K, Sharp R, Machiraju R, Saltz J, Yamamoto H, Cross JC, Robinson ML, Leone G. Rb is critical in a mammalian tissue stem cell population. Genes Dev 2007; 21:85-97. [PMID: 17210791 PMCID: PMC1759903 DOI: 10.1101/gad.1485307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The inactivation of the retinoblastoma (Rb) tumor suppressor gene in mice results in ectopic proliferation, apoptosis, and impaired differentiation in extraembryonic, neural, and erythroid lineages, culminating in fetal death by embryonic day 15.5 (E15.5). Here we show that the specific loss of Rb in trophoblast stem (TS) cells, but not in trophoblast derivatives, leads to an overexpansion of trophoblasts, a disruption of placental architecture, and fetal death by E15.5. Despite profound placental abnormalities, fetal tissues appeared remarkably normal, suggesting that the full manifestation of fetal phenotypes requires the loss of Rb in both extraembryonic and fetal tissues. Loss of Rb resulted in an increase of E2f3 expression, and the combined ablation of Rb and E2f3 significantly suppressed Rb mutant phenotypes. This rescue appears to be cell autonomous since the inactivation of Rb and E2f3 in TS cells restored placental development and extended the life of embryos to E17.5. Taken together, these results demonstrate that loss of Rb in TS cells is the defining event causing lethality of Rb(-/-) embryos and reveal the convergence of extraembryonic and fetal functions of Rb in neural and erythroid development. We conclude that the Rb pathway plays a critical role in the maintenance of a mammalian stem cell population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela L. Wenzel
- Human Cancer Genetics Program, Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
- Department of Molecular Genetics, College of Biological Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Lizhao Wu
- Human Cancer Genetics Program, Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
- Department of Molecular Genetics, College of Biological Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Alain de Bruin
- Human Cancer Genetics Program, Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
- Department of Molecular Genetics, College of Biological Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Jean-Leon Chong
- Human Cancer Genetics Program, Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
- Department of Molecular Genetics, College of Biological Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Wen-Yi Chen
- Human Cancer Genetics Program, Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
- Department of Molecular Genetics, College of Biological Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Geoffrey Dureska
- Human Cancer Genetics Program, Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
- Department of Molecular Genetics, College of Biological Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Emily Sites
- Human Cancer Genetics Program, Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
- Department of Molecular Genetics, College of Biological Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Tony Pan
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
- Biomedical Informatics, Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Ashish Sharma
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
- Biomedical Informatics, Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Kun Huang
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
- Biomedical Informatics, Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Randall Ridgway
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Kishore Mosaliganti
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Richard Sharp
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Raghu Machiraju
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
- Biomedical Informatics, Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Joel Saltz
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
- Biomedical Informatics, Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Hideyuki Yamamoto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary Faculty of Medicine, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - James C. Cross
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary Faculty of Medicine, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Michael L. Robinson
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
- Division of Molecular and Human Genetics, Children’s Research Institute, Columbus, Ohio 43205, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
- E-MAIL ; FAX (513) 529-6900
| | - Gustavo Leone
- Human Cancer Genetics Program, Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
- Department of Molecular Genetics, College of Biological Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
- Corresponding authors.E-MAIL ; FAX (614) 292-3312
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36
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Parisi T, Yuan TL, Faust AM, Caron AM, Bronson R, Lees JA. Selective requirements for E2f3 in the development and tumorigenicity of Rb-deficient chimeric tissues. Mol Cell Biol 2007; 27:2283-93. [PMID: 17210634 PMCID: PMC1820513 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.01854-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor suppressor function of the retinoblastoma protein pRB is largely dependent upon its capacity to inhibit the E2F transcription factors and thereby cell proliferation. Attempts to study the interplay between pRB and the E2Fs have been hampered by the prenatal death of Rb; E2f nullizygous mice. In this study, we isolated Rb; E2f3 mutant embryonic stem cells and generated Rb(-/-); E2f3(-/-) chimeric mice, thus bypassing the lethality of the Rb(-/-); E2f3(-/-) germ line mutant mice. We show that loss of E2F3 has opposing effects on two of the known developmental defects arising in Rb(-/-) chimeras; it suppresses the formation of cataracts while aggravating the retinal dysplasia. This model system also allows us to assess how E2f3 status influences tumor formation in Rb(-/-) tissues. We find that E2f3 is dispensable for the development of pRB-deficient pituitary and thyroid tumors. In contrast, E2f3 inactivation completely suppresses the pulmonary neuroendocrine hyperplasia arising in Rb(-/-) chimeric mice. This hyperproliferative state is thought to represent the preneoplastic lesion of small-cell lung carcinoma. Therefore, our observation highlights a potential role for E2F3 in the early stages of this tumor type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Parisi
- Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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37
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Abstract
DDB2, a gene mutated in XPE patients, is involved in global genomic repair especially the repair of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs), and is regulated by p53 in human cells. We show that DDB2 is expressed in mouse tissues and demonstrate, using primary mouse epithelial cells, that mouse DDB2 is regulated by E2F transcription factors. Retinoblastoma (Rb), a tumor suppressor critical for the control of cell cycle progression, regulates E2F activity. Using Cre-Lox technology to delete Rb in primary mouse hepatocytes, we show that DDB2 gene expression increases, leading to elevated DDB2 protein levels. Furthermore, we show that endogenous E2F1 and E2F3 bind to DDB2 promoter and that treatment with E2F1-antisense or E2F1-small interfering RNA (siRNA) decreases DDB2 transcription, demonstrating that E2F1 is a transcriptional regulator for DDB2. This has consequences for global genomic repair: in Rb-null cells, where E2F activity is elevated, global DNA repair is increased and removal of CPDs is more efficient than in wild-type cells. Treatment with DDB2-siRNA decreases DDB2 expression and abolishes the repair phenotype of Rb-null cells. In summary, these results identify a new regulatory pathway for DDB2 by E2F, which does not require but is potentiated by p53, and demonstrate that DDB2 is involved in global repair in mouse epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Prost
- Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
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38
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Abstract
Deregulation of the cell cycle machinery plays a critical role in tumorigenesis. In particular, functional inactivation of the retinoblastoma protein (pRB) is a key event. pRB's tumor suppressive activity is at least partially dependent on its ability to regulate the activity of the E2F transcription factors. E2F controls the expression of genes that encode the cellular proliferation machinery. E2F can also trigger apoptosis when it is inappropriately expressed. Here we present evidence that E2F acts to directly regulate the Arf/p53 tumor surveillance network. In normal cells, a single member of the E2F family, E2F3, participates in the transcriptional silencing of Arf. In response to oncogenic stress, the activating E2Fs, E2F1, 2, and E2F3A, all associate with Arf and promote its transcription. These findings raise the possibility that E2F acts as a sensor of inappropriate versus normal proliferative signals and determines whether or not the Arf/p53 tumor surveillance network is engaged.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Iaquinta
- Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, 02139, USA
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39
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Oeggerli M, Schraml P, Ruiz C, Bloch M, Novotny H, Mirlacher M, Sauter G, Simon R. E2F3 is the main target gene of the 6p22 amplicon with high specificity for human bladder cancer. Oncogene 2006; 25:6538-43. [PMID: 16953223 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1209946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Amplification of 6p22 occurs in about 10-20% of bladder cancers and is associated with enhanced tumour cell proliferation. Candidate target genes for the 6p22 amplicon include E2F3 and the adjacent gene NM_017774. To clarify which gene is representing the main target, we compared the prevalence of the amplification and the functional role of both genes. Amplification of E2F3 and NM_017774 was analysed by fluorescence in situ hybridization on a bladder cancer tissue microarray composed of 2317 cancer samples. Both genes showed amplification in 104 of 893 (11.6%) interpretable tumours and were exclusively found co-amplified. Additional gene expression analysis by real-time polymerase chain reaction in 12 tumour-derived cell lines revealed that amplification of 6p22 was always associated with co-overexpression of E2F3 and NM_017774. Furthermore, RNA interference was used to study the influence of reduced gene expression on cell growth. In tumour cells with and without the 6p22 amplicon, knockdown of E2F3 always lead to unequivocal reduction of proliferation, whereas knockdown of NM_017774 was only capable to slow down cell proliferation in non-amplified cells. Our findings point out that E2F3 but not NM_017774 is driving enhanced proliferation of 6p22 amplified tumour cells. We conclude that E2F3 must be responsible for the growth advantage of 6p22 amplified bladder cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Oeggerli
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
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40
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Cooper CS, Nicholson AG, Foster C, Dodson A, Edwards S, Fletcher A, Roe T, Clark J, Joshi A, Norman A, Feber A, Lin D, Gao Y, Shipley J, Cheng SJ. Nuclear overexpression of the E2F3 transcription factor in human lung cancer. Lung Cancer 2006; 54:155-62. [PMID: 16938365 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2006.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2006] [Revised: 06/20/2006] [Accepted: 07/10/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The E2F3 transcription factor has an established role in controlling cell cycle progression. In previous studies we have provided evidence that nuclear E2F3 overexpression represents a mechanism that drives the development of human bladder cancer and that determines aggressiveness in human prostate cancer. We have proposed a model in which E2F3 overexpression co-operates with removal of the E2F inhibitor pRB to facilitate cancer development. Since small cell lung cancers (SCLC) have one of the highest reported frequencies of functional abnormalities in the pRB protein (90%) of any human cancer, we wish to assess to what extent E2F3 would be overexpressed in this and other classes of human lung cancer. METHODS Immunohistochemical techniques were used to assess the E2F3 status in 428 samples of lung cancers, lung carcinoids, normal bronchial epithelium and normal lung tissue. RESULTS E2F3 is overexpressed in 55-70% of squamous cell carcinomas and 79% of adenocarcinomas of the lung. In addition very high level expression of nuclear E2F3 is found in almost all small cell lung cancers analysed. When considered together with published data our observations indicate that co-operation between pRB functional knockouts and E2F3 overexpression may represent a mechanism of development of SCLC.
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MESH Headings
- Adenocarcinoma/genetics
- Adenocarcinoma/metabolism
- Adenocarcinoma/pathology
- Carcinoid Tumor/genetics
- Carcinoid Tumor/metabolism
- Carcinoid Tumor/pathology
- Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine/genetics
- Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine/pathology
- Carcinoma, Small Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Small Cell/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Small Cell/pathology
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology
- Cell Nucleus/metabolism
- E2F3 Transcription Factor/genetics
- E2F3 Transcription Factor/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Genes, Retinoblastoma
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- Lung Neoplasms/genetics
- Lung Neoplasms/metabolism
- Lung Neoplasms/pathology
- Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin S Cooper
- Section of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Male Urological Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5NG, UK.
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41
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Olsson AY, Feber A, Edwards S, Te Poele R, Giddings I, Merson S, Cooper CS. Role of E2F3 expression in modulating cellular proliferation rate in human bladder and prostate cancer cells. Oncogene 2006; 26:1028-37. [PMID: 16909110 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1209854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Amplification and overexpression of the E2F3 gene at 6p22 in human bladder cancer is associated with increased tumour stage, grade and proliferation index, and in prostate cancer E2F3 overexpression is linked to tumour aggressiveness. We first used small interfering RNA technology to confirm the potential importance of E2F3 overexpression in bladder cancer development. Knockdown of E2F3 expression in bladder cells containing the 6p22 amplicon strongly reduced the extent of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation and the rate of cellular proliferation. In contrast, knockdown of CDKAL1/FLJ20342, another proposed oncogene, from this amplicon had no effect. Expression cDNA microarray analysis on bladder cancer cells following E2F3 knockdown was then used to identify genes regulated by E2F3, leading to the identification of known E2F3 targets such as Cyclin A and CDC2 and novel targets including pituitary tumour transforming gene 1, Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) and Caveolin-2. For both bladder and prostate cancer, we have proposed that E2F3 protein overexpression may cooperate with removal of the E2F inhibitor retinoblastoma tumor suppressor protein (pRB) to drive cellular proliferation. In support of this model, we found that ectopic expression of E2F3a enhanced the BrdU incorporation, a marker of cellular proliferation rate, of prostate cancer DU145 cells, which lack pRB, but had no effect on the proliferation rate of PC3 prostate cancer cells that express wild-type pRB. BrdU incorporation in PC3 cells could, however, be increased by overexpressing E2F3a in cells depleted of pRB. When taken together, these observations indicate that E2F3 levels have a critical role in modifying cellular proliferation rate in human bladder and prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Y Olsson
- Section of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Institute of Cancer Research, Male Urological Cancer Research Centre, Sutton, Surrey, UK.
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Abstract
Functions encoded by single genes in lower organisms are often represented by multiple related genes in the mammalian genome. An example is the retinoblastoma and E2F families of proteins that regulate transcription during the cell cycle. Analysis of gene function using germline mutations is often confounded by overlapping function resulting in compensation. Indeed, in cells deleted of the E2F1 or E2F3 genes, there is an increase in the expression of the other family member. To avoid complications of compensatory effects, we have used small-interfering RNAs that target individual E2F proteins to generate a temporary loss of E2F function. We find that both E2F1 and E2F3 are required for cells to enter the S phase from a quiescent state, whereas only E2F3 is necessary for the S phase in growing cells. We also find that the acute loss of E2F3 activity affects the expression of genes encoding DNA replication and mitotic activities, whereas loss of E2F1 affects a limited number of genes that are distinct from those regulated by E2F3. We conclude that the long-term loss of E2F activity does lead to compensation by other family members and that the analysis of acute loss of function reveals specific and distinct roles for these proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- L-J Kong
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Institute for Genome Sciences and Policy, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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43
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Peng C, Zhou J, Liu HY, Zhou M, Wang LL, Zhang QH, Yang YX, Xiong W, Shen SR, Li XL, Li GY. The transcriptional regulation role of BRD7 by binding to acetylated histone through bromodomain. J Cell Biochem 2006; 97:882-92. [PMID: 16265664 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.20645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Studies showed that the bromodomain binds to acetyl-lysines on histone tails, which is involved in deciphering the histone codes. BRD7, a novel bromodomain gene, is the first described bromodomain gene involved in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Previous studies showed that ectopic expression of BRD7 inhibited cell growth and cell cycle progression from G1 to S phase in HNE1 cells (a NPC cell line) by transcriptionally regulating some cell cycle related genes including E2F3 gene. In the present study, we revealed the co-localization between acetylated H3 and BRD7 and found that the bromodomain of BRD7 is required for this co-localization. More importantly, wild-type BRD7 interacted with H3 peptide acetylated at Lys14, while the bromodomain deleted mutant lost this ability. We also found that the mutant BRD7 failed to regulate E2F3 promoter activity and inhibit cell cycle progression. These results indicated that the transcriptional regulation role of BRD7 was achieved by binding to acetylated histone H3 and that the bromodomain was essential for this role. In addition, no obvious changes were observed in the acetylated level of histone H3 after transfection with BRD7, indicating that chromatin remodeling, not chromatin modification, is the major mechanism of BRD7 mediated gene transcription. Taken together, the present work shed light on the fact that a novel bromodomain gene, BRD7, is of importance in transcriptional regulation and cellular events including cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Peng
- Cancer Research Institution, Central of South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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44
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Nijman SMB, Hijmans EM, Messaoudi SE, van Dongen MMW, Sardet C, Bernards R. A functional genetic screen identifies TFE3 as a gene that confers resistance to the anti-proliferative effects of the retinoblastoma protein and transforming growth factor-beta. J Biol Chem 2006; 281:21582-21587. [PMID: 16737956 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m602312200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The helix-loop-helix transcription factor TFE3 has been suggested to play a role in the control of cell growth by acting as a binding partner of transcriptional regulators such as E2F3, SMAD3, and LEF-1. Furthermore, translocations/TFE3 fusions have been directly implicated in tumorigenesis. Surprisingly, however, a direct functional role for TFE3 in the regulation of proliferation has not been reported. By screening retroviral cDNA expression libraries to identify cDNAs that confer resistance to a pRB-induced proliferation arrest, we have found that TFE3 overrides a growth arrest in Rat1 cells induced by pRB and its upstream regulator p16(INK4A). In addition, TFE3 expression blocks the anti-mitogenic effects of TGF-beta in rodent and human cells. We provide data supporting a role for endogenous TFE3 in the direct regulation of CYCLIN E expression in an E2F3-dependent manner. These observations establish TFE3 as a functional regulator of proliferation and offer a potential mechanism for its involvement in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian M B Nijman
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis and Centre for Biomedical Genetics, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 121 Plesmanlaan, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - E Marielle Hijmans
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis and Centre for Biomedical Genetics, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 121 Plesmanlaan, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Selma El Messaoudi
- Institut de Genetique Moleculaire, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5535/IFR24 CNRS, 1919 Route de Mende 34293, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Miranda M W van Dongen
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis and Centre for Biomedical Genetics, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 121 Plesmanlaan, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Claude Sardet
- Institut de Genetique Moleculaire, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5535/IFR24 CNRS, 1919 Route de Mende 34293, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - René Bernards
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis and Centre for Biomedical Genetics, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 121 Plesmanlaan, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Abstract
To identify gene(s) targeted by 6p22 genomic gain, present in more than 50% retinoblastoma tumors, we used real-time RT-PCR to quantify the expression of seven genes in normal human retina and retinoblastoma. Six genes are located in the quantitative multiplex PCR-defined 0.6 Mb minimal region of gain at 6p22 (DEK, AOF1, TPMT, NHLRC1, KIF13A, and NUP153), and E2F3 is 2 Mb away from the minimal region of gain on 6p22. E2F3, DEK, KIF13A, and NUP153 were most frequently overexpressed in retinoblastoma with 6p genomic gain, compared with the normal adult human retina. E2F3 and DEK mRNA levels were increased in all human tumors showing 6p22 gain, as well as in mouse retinoblastoma induced by SV40 large T antigen expression in developing retina, compared with the normal controls (adult human retina and 7-day-old mouse retina, respectively). Only DEK showed statistically significant correlation of expression and genomic copy number (P = 0.019). E2F3 and DEK, but not NUP153, showed developmental regulation. E2F3 and DEK mRNA overexpression was always associated with protein overexpression, determined by immunoblotting or immunofluorescent staining of primary tumors, relative to the adjacent normal retina. E2F3 was strongly expressed in actively proliferating cells, while DEK was overexpressed in all tumor cells. Taking into account the proliferation-promoting role of E2F3, implication of E2F3 in bladder and prostate cancer, and the translocation and overexpression of DEK in leukemia, we conclude that either DEK or E2F3 (or both) are targeted by the 6p22 gain in retinoblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Orlic
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Schalken JA, Bergh A, Bono A, Foster C, Gospadarowicz M, Isaacs WB, Rubin M, Schröder F, Tribukait B, Tsukamotot T, Wiklund P. Molecular prostate cancer pathology: current issues and achievements. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005:82-93. [PMID: 16019760 DOI: 10.1080/03008880510030950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Recent developments in the field of molecular techniques have provided new tools that have led to the discovery of many new promising biomarkers for prostate cancer. These biomarkers may be instrumental in the development of new tests that will have a high specificity for the diagnosis and prognosis of prostate cancer. A biomarker is defined as a molecular test that provides additional information to currently available clinical and pathological tests. Biomarkers should be reproducible (both within and between institutes) and have an impact on clinical management. For diagnostic purposes it is important that potential biomarkers are tested in terms of tissue specificity and their discrimination potential between prostate cancer, normal prostate and benign prostatic hyperplasia. The results of (multiple) biomarker-based assays may enhance the specificity of cancer detection. There is an urgent need for molecular prognostic biomarkers for predicting the biological behavior and outcome of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack A Schalken
- Department of Experimental Urology, University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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Black EP, Hallstrom T, Dressman HK, West M, Nevins JR. Distinctions in the specificity of E2F function revealed by gene expression signatures. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2005; 102:15948-53. [PMID: 16249342 PMCID: PMC1276052 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0504300102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The E2F family of transcription factors provides essential activities for coordinating the control of cellular proliferation and cell fate. Both E2F1 and E2F3 proteins have been shown to be particularly important for cell proliferation, whereas the E2F1 protein has the capacity to promote apoptosis. To explore the basis for this specificity of function, we used DNA microarray analysis to probe for the distinctions in the two E2F activities. Gene expression profiles that distinguish either E2F1- or E2F3-expressing cells from quiescent cells are enriched in genes encoding cell cycle and DNA replication activities, consistent with many past studies. E2F1 profile is also enriched in genes known to function in apoptosis. We also identified patterns of gene expression that specifically differentiate the activity of E2F1 and E2F3; this profile is enriched in genes known to function in mitosis. The specificity of E2F function has been attributed to protein interactions mediated by the marked box domain, and we now show that chimeric E2F proteins generate expression signatures that reflect the origin of the marked box, thus linking the biochemical mechanism for specificity of function with specificity of gene activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther P Black
- Duke Institute for Genome Sciences and Policy, Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Medical Center, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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