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Rong Y, Chen IL, Larrabee L, Sawant MS, Fuh G, Koenig P. An Engineered Mouse Model That Generates a Diverse Repertoire of Endogenous, High-Affinity Common Light Chain Antibodies. Antibodies (Basel) 2024; 13:14. [PMID: 38390875 PMCID: PMC10885109 DOI: 10.3390/antib13010014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Bispecific antibodies have gained increasing popularity as therapeutics as they enable novel activities that cannot be achieved with monospecific antibodies. Some of the most popular bispecific formats are molecules in which two Fab arms with different antigen specificities are combined into one IgG-like molecule. One way to produce these bispecific molecules requires the discovery of antibodies against the two antigens of interest that share a common light chain. Here, we present the generation and characterization of a common light chain mouse model, in which the endogenous IGKJ cluster is replaced with a prearranged, modified murine IGKV10-96/IGKJ1 segment. We demonstrate that genetic modification does not impact B-cell development. Upon immunization with ovalbumin, the animals generate an antibody repertoire with VH gene segment usage of a similar diversity to wildtype mice, while the light chain diversity is restricted to antibodies derived from the prearranged IGKV10-96/IGKJ1 germline. We further show that the clonotype diversity of the common light chain immune repertoire matches the diversity of immune repertoire isolated from wildtype mice. Finally, the common light chain anti-ovalbumin antibodies have only slightly lower affinities than antibodies isolated from wildtype mice, demonstrating the suitability of these animals for antibody discovery for bispecific antibody generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghui Rong
- 23andMe, Inc. Therapeutics, 349 Oyster Point Boulevard, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - I-Ling Chen
- 23andMe, Inc. Therapeutics, 349 Oyster Point Boulevard, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Lance Larrabee
- 23andMe, Inc. Therapeutics, 349 Oyster Point Boulevard, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Manali S Sawant
- 23andMe, Inc. Therapeutics, 349 Oyster Point Boulevard, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Germaine Fuh
- 23andMe, Inc. Therapeutics, 349 Oyster Point Boulevard, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Patrick Koenig
- 23andMe, Inc. Therapeutics, 349 Oyster Point Boulevard, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
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Blackman A, Rees AC, Bowers RR, Jones CM, Vaena SG, Clark MA, Carter S, Villamor ED, Evans D, Emanuel AJ, Fullbright G, Long DT, Spruill L, Romeo MJ, Helke KL, Delaney JR. MYC is sufficient to generate mid-life high-grade serous ovarian and uterine serous carcinomas in a p53-R270H mouse model. bioRxiv 2024:2024.01.24.576924. [PMID: 38352443 PMCID: PMC10862747 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.24.576924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Genetically engineered mouse models (GEMM) have fundamentally changed how ovarian cancer etiology, early detection, and treatment is understood. However, previous GEMMs of high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) have had to utilize genetics rarely or never found in human HGSOC to yield ovarian cancer within the lifespan of a mouse. MYC, an oncogene, is amongst the most amplified genes in HGSOC, but it has not previously been utilized to drive HGSOC GEMMs. We coupled Myc and dominant negative mutant p53-R270H with a fallopian tube epithelium-specific promoter Ovgp1 to generate a new GEMM of HGSOC. Female mice developed lethal cancer at an average of 15.1 months. Histopathological examination of mice revealed HGSOC characteristics including nuclear p53 and nuclear MYC in clusters of cells within the fallopian tube epithelium and ovarian surface epithelium. Unexpectedly, nuclear p53 and MYC clustered cell expression was also identified in the uterine luminal epithelium, possibly from intraepithelial metastasis from the fallopian tube epithelium (FTE). Extracted tumor cells exhibited strong loss of heterozygosity at the p53 locus, leaving the mutant allele. Copy number alterations in these cancer cells were prevalent, disrupting a large fraction of genes. Transcriptome profiles most closely matched human HGSOC and serous endometrial cancer. Taken together, these results demonstrate the Myc and Trp53-R270H transgene was able to recapitulate many phenotypic hallmarks of HGSOC through the utilization of strictly human-mimetic genetic hallmarks of HGSOC. This new mouse model enables further exploration of ovarian cancer pathogenesis, particularly in the 50% of HGSOC which lack homology directed repair mutations. Histological and transcriptomic findings are consistent with the hypothesis that uterine serous cancer may originate from the fallopian tube epithelium.
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Lofgren KA, Kenny PA. Grb7 knockout mice develop normally but litters born to knockout females fail to thrive. Dev Dyn 2023. [PMID: 38140940 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Growth factor receptor-bound 7 (Grb7) is an adaptor protein involved in signal transduction downstream of multiple receptor tyrosine kinases, including ERBB, FGFR, and PDGFR pathways. Experimental studies have implicated Grb7 in regulating cell proliferation, survival, migration, and invasion through its large repertoire of protein-protein interactions. RESULTS Here, we describe the generation and characterization of a Grb7 knockout mouse. These mice are viable and fertile. A lacZ knock-in reporter was used to visualize Grb7 promoter activity patterns in adult tissues, indicating widespread Grb7 expression in glandular epithelium, the central nervous system, and other tissues. The sole defect observed in these animals was a failure of Grb7 knockout females to successfully raise pups to weaning age, a phenotype that was independent of both paternal and pup genotypes. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest a regulatory role for Grb7 in mammary lactational physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristopher A Lofgren
- Kabara Cancer Research Institute, Gundersen Medical Foundation, La Crosse, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Paraic A Kenny
- Kabara Cancer Research Institute, Gundersen Medical Foundation, La Crosse, Wisconsin, USA
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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Podmore L, Poloz Y, Iorio C, Mouaaz S, Nixon K, Smirnov P, McDonnell B, Lam S, Zhang B, Tharmapalan P, Sarkar S, Vyas F, Ennis M, Dowling R, Stambolic V. Insulin receptor loss impairs mammary tumorigenesis in mice. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113251. [PMID: 37913774 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) prognosis and outcome are adversely affected by obesity. Hyperinsulinemia, common in the obese state, is associated with higher risk of death and recurrence in BC. Up to 80% of BCs overexpress the insulin receptor (INSR), which correlates with worse prognosis. INSR's role in mammary tumorigenesis was tested by generating MMTV-driven polyoma middle T (PyMT) and ErbB2/Her2 BC mouse models, respectively, with coordinate mammary epithelium-restricted deletion of INSR. In both models, deletion of either one or both copies of INSR leads to a marked delay in tumor onset and burden. Longitudinal phenotypic characterization of mouse tumors and cells reveals that INSR deletion affects tumor initiation, not progression and metastasis. INSR upholds a bioenergetic phenotype in non-transformed mammary epithelial cells, independent of its kinase activity. Similarity of phenotypes elicited by deletion of one or both copies of INSR suggest a dose-dependent threshold for INSR impact on mammary tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Podmore
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Princess Margaret Cancer Research Tower, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Yekaterina Poloz
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Princess Margaret Cancer Research Tower, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Catherine Iorio
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Princess Margaret Cancer Research Tower, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Samar Mouaaz
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Princess Margaret Cancer Research Tower, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Kevin Nixon
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Princess Margaret Cancer Research Tower, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Petr Smirnov
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Princess Margaret Cancer Research Tower, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Brianna McDonnell
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Princess Margaret Cancer Research Tower, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Sonya Lam
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Princess Margaret Cancer Research Tower, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Bowen Zhang
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Princess Margaret Cancer Research Tower, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Pirashaanthy Tharmapalan
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Princess Margaret Cancer Research Tower, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Soumili Sarkar
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Princess Margaret Cancer Research Tower, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Foram Vyas
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Princess Margaret Cancer Research Tower, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | | | - Ryan Dowling
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Princess Margaret Cancer Research Tower, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Vuk Stambolic
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Princess Margaret Cancer Research Tower, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Princess Margaret Cancer Research Tower, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada.
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5
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Adaku N, Ostendorf BN, Mei W, Tavazoie SF. Apolipoprotein E2 Stimulates Protein Synthesis and Promotes Melanoma Progression and Metastasis. Cancer Res 2023; 83:3013-3025. [PMID: 37335131 PMCID: PMC10740391 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-23-1252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
The secreted lipid transporter apolipoprotein E (APOE) plays important roles in atherosclerosis and Alzheimer's disease and has been implicated as a suppressor of melanoma progression. The APOE germline genotype predicts human melanoma outcomes, with APOE4 and APOE2 allele carriers exhibiting prolonged and reduced survival, respectively, relative to APOE3 homozygotes. While the APOE4 variant was recently shown to suppress melanoma progression by enhancing antitumor immunity, further work is needed to fully characterize the melanoma cell-intrinsic effects of APOE variants on cancer progression. Using a genetically engineered mouse model, we showed that human germline APOE genetic variants differentially modulate melanoma growth and metastasis in an APOE2>APOE3>APOE4 manner. The low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) receptor mediated the cell-intrinsic effects of APOE variants on melanoma progression. Protein synthesis was a tumor cell-intrinsic process differentially modulated by APOE variants, with APOE2 promoting translation via LRP1. These findings reveal a gain-of-function role for the APOE2 variant in melanoma progression, which may aid in predicting melanoma patient outcomes and understanding the protective effect of APOE2 in Alzheimer's disease. SIGNIFICANCE APOE germline variants impact melanoma progression through disparate mechanisms, such as the protein synthesis-promoting function of the APOE2 variant, indicating that germline genetic variants are causal contributors to metastatic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nneoma Adaku
- Laboratory of Systems Cancer Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Benjamin N. Ostendorf
- Laboratory of Systems Cancer Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Wenbin Mei
- Laboratory of Systems Cancer Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Sohail F. Tavazoie
- Laboratory of Systems Cancer Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
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Shanker EM, Beck AP. If you give a mouse a mutation: comparing the therapeutic utility of renowned mouse models of human cancers. J Comp Pathol 2023; 203:26-30. [PMID: 37236009 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2023.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Cancers of the breast, prostate and intestinal tract account for most cancer-associated deaths in humans and represent several of the highest incidence human neoplasms. Therefore, understanding the underlying pathophysiology, including the formation and propagation of these cancers, is key to designing potential treatments. Over the last 50 years or more, genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs) have been instrumental platforms to our discovery of neoplastic disease as many follow near-identical molecular and histological progression as human tumours. In this mini review, we summarize three key preclinical models and focus on some of the major findings in relation to clinical care. We discuss the MMTV-PyMT (polyomavirus middle T antigen) mouse, TRAMP (transgenic adenocarcinoma mouse prostate) mouse and APCMin (multiple intestinal neoplasm mutation of APC gene) mouse, which mimic breast, prostate and intestinal cancers, respectively. We aim to describe the significant contributions these GEMMs have made to our collective understanding of high-incidence cancers as well as briefly discuss the limitations of each model as a device for therapeutic discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elayna M Shanker
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, New York Medical College, 40 Sunshine Cottage Rd, Valhalla, New York 10595, USA.
| | - Amanda P Beck
- Office of Undergraduate Medical Education, School of Medicine, New York Medical College, 40 Sunshine Cottage Rd, Valhalla, New York 10595, USA
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Widmer CA, Klebic I, Domanitskaya N, Decollogny M, Howald D, Siffert M, Essers P, Nowicka Z, Stokar-Regenscheit N, van de Ven M, de Korte-Grimmerink R, Galván JA, Pritchard CE, Huijbers IJ, Fendler W, Vens C, Rottenberg S. Loss of the volume-regulated anion channel components LRRC8A and LRRC8D limits platinum drug efficacy. Cancer Res Commun 2022; 2:1266-1281. [PMID: 36467895 PMCID: PMC7613873 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-22-0208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In recent years platinum (Pt) drugs have been found to be especially efficient to treat patients with cancers that lack a proper DNA damage response, e.g. due to dysfunctional BRCA1. Despite this knowledge, we are still missing helpful markers to predict Pt response in the clinic. We have previously shown that volume-regulated anion channels, containing the subunits LRRC8A and LRRC8D, promote the uptake of cisplatin and carboplatin in BRCA1-proficient cell lines. Here, we show that the loss of LRRC8A or LRRC8D significantly reduces the uptake of cis- and carboplatin in BRCA1;p53-deficient mouse mammary tumor cells. This results in reduced DNA damage and in vivo drug resistance. In contrast to Lrrc8a, the deletion of the Lrrc8d gene does not affect the viability and fertility of mice. Interestingly, Lrrc8d-/- mice tolerate a two-fold cisplatin maximum-tolerable dose. This allowed us to establish a mouse model for intensified Pt-based chemotherapy, and we found that an increased cisplatin dose eradicates BRCA1;p53-deficient tumors, whereas eradication is not possible in WT mice. Moreover, we show that decreased expression of LRRC8A/D in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients, who are treated with a Pt-based chemoradiotherapy, leads to decreased overall survival of the patients. In particular, high cumulative cisplatin dose treatments lost their efficacy in patients with a low LRRC8A/D expression in their cancers. Our data therefore suggest that LRRC8A and LRRC8D should be included in a prospective trial to predict the success of intensified cis- or car-boplatin-based chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen A. Widmer
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ismar Klebic
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- COMPATH, Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Natalya Domanitskaya
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Morgane Decollogny
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Denise Howald
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Myriam Siffert
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Paul Essers
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Zuzanna Nowicka
- Department of Biostatistics and Translational Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | | | - Marieke van de Ven
- Mouse Clinic for Cancer and Aging Research (MCCA), Preclinical Intervention Unit, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Renske de Korte-Grimmerink
- Mouse Clinic for Cancer and Aging Research (MCCA), Preclinical Intervention Unit, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - José A. Galván
- Translational Research Unit, Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Colin E.J. Pritchard
- Mouse Clinic for Cancer and Aging Research (MCCA), Transgenic Facility, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ivo J. Huijbers
- Mouse Clinic for Cancer and Aging Research (MCCA), Transgenic Facility, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Wojciech Fendler
- Department of Biostatistics and Translational Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Conchita Vens
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology and Surgery, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sven Rottenberg
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Bern Center for Precision Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Cancer Therapy Resistance Cluster, Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Corresponding Author: Sven Rottenberg, Institute of Animal Pathology and Bern Center for Precision Medicine, Länggassstrasse 122, Bern 3012, Switzerland. Phone: +41-(0)31-6842395; E-mail:
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8
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Shi DD, Savani MR, Levitt MM, Wang AC, Endress JE, Bird CE, Buehler J, Stopka SA, Regan MS, Lin YF, Puliyappadamba VT, Gao W, Khanal J, Evans L, Lee JH, Guo L, Xiao Y, Xu M, Huang B, Jennings RB, Bonal DM, Martin-Sandoval MS, Dang T, Gattie LC, Cameron AB, Lee S, Asara JM, Kornblum HI, Mak TW, Looper RE, Nguyen QD, Signoretti S, Gradl S, Sutter A, Jeffers M, Janzer A, Lehrman MA, Zacharias LG, Mathews TP, Losman JA, Richardson TE, Cahill DP, DeBerardinis RJ, Ligon KL, Xu L, Ly P, Agar NYR, Abdullah KG, Harris IS, Kaelin WG, McBrayer SK. De novo pyrimidine synthesis is a targetable vulnerability in IDH mutant glioma. Cancer Cell 2022; 40:939-956.e16. [PMID: 35985343 PMCID: PMC9515386 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2022.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Mutations affecting isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) enzymes are prevalent in glioma, leukemia, and other cancers. Although mutant IDH inhibitors are effective against leukemia, they seem to be less active in aggressive glioma, underscoring the need for alternative treatment strategies. Through a chemical synthetic lethality screen, we discovered that IDH1-mutant glioma cells are hypersensitive to drugs targeting enzymes in the de novo pyrimidine nucleotide synthesis pathway, including dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH). We developed a genetically engineered mouse model of mutant IDH1-driven astrocytoma and used it and multiple patient-derived models to show that the brain-penetrant DHODH inhibitor BAY 2402234 displays monotherapy efficacy against IDH-mutant gliomas. Mechanistically, this reflects an obligate dependence of glioma cells on the de novo pyrimidine synthesis pathway and mutant IDH's ability to sensitize to DNA damage upon nucleotide pool imbalance. Our work outlines a tumor-selective, biomarker-guided therapeutic strategy that is poised for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana D Shi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber/Brigham and Women's Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Milan R Savani
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Michael M Levitt
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Adam C Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Jennifer E Endress
- Ludwig Cancer Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Cylaina E Bird
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75235, USA
| | - Joseph Buehler
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Sylwia A Stopka
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Michael S Regan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yu-Fen Lin
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Vinesh T Puliyappadamba
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Wenhua Gao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Januka Khanal
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Laura Evans
- Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Joyce H Lee
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Lei Guo
- Quantitative Biomedical Research Center, Department of Population & Data Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Yi Xiao
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Min Xu
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Bofu Huang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Rebecca B Jennings
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Dennis M Bonal
- Lurie Family Imaging Center, Center for Biomedical Imaging in Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02210, USA
| | - Misty S Martin-Sandoval
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Tammie Dang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Lauren C Gattie
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75235, USA
| | - Amy B Cameron
- Lurie Family Imaging Center, Center for Biomedical Imaging in Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02210, USA
| | - Sungwoo Lee
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - John M Asara
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Harley I Kornblum
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, and Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA
| | - Tak W Mak
- The Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada; The Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Ryan E Looper
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Quang-De Nguyen
- Lurie Family Imaging Center, Center for Biomedical Imaging in Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02210, USA
| | - Sabina Signoretti
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Stefan Gradl
- Bayer AG, Muellerstrasse 178, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Michael Jeffers
- Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Whippany, NJ 07981, USA
| | | | - Mark A Lehrman
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Lauren G Zacharias
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Thomas P Mathews
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Julie-Aurore Losman
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Timothy E Richardson
- Department of Pathology, Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Daniel P Cahill
- Department of Neurosurgery, Translational Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Ralph J DeBerardinis
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75235, USA
| | - Keith L Ligon
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Lin Xu
- Quantitative Biomedical Research Center, Department of Population & Data Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75235, USA
| | - Peter Ly
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Nathalie Y R Agar
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Kalil G Abdullah
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Hillman Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
| | - Isaac S Harris
- Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - William G Kaelin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA.
| | - Samuel K McBrayer
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75235, USA.
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9
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Raquib AR, Hofvander J, Ta M, Nielsen TO. Expanding the Use of an SS18-SSX Antibody for Molecular Assays in Synovial Sarcoma. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2022; 30:531-539. [PMID: 35880992 PMCID: PMC9444294 DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000001049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Synovial sarcoma is an aggressive malignancy that generally affects adolescents and young adults and is characterized by high rates of recurrence and metastasis, with a 10-year survival rate of about 50%. The fusion oncoprotein SS18-SSX, the product of a pathognomonic chromosomal translocation t(X;18), is the oncogenic driver of this sarcoma, disrupting differentiation through widespread epigenetic dysregulation. Experimental research into SS18-SSX biology has been limited by the lack of an antibody that specifically detects the endogenous fusion oncoprotein as opposed to its native SS18 or SSX components. Recently, a rabbit monoclonal antibody was developed and made commercially available, which specifically detects the fusion junction site epitope of SS18-SSX as found in at least 95% of synovial sarcomas. Here, we characterize a suite of molecular biology assays using this new antibody, both confirming existing and reporting on novel applications. We demonstrate its high sensitivity and specificity for synovial sarcoma diagnosis on patient samples through positive immunohistochemical staining on synovial sarcoma, tissue microarray, and full face sections. In addition, we demonstrate detection of the human SS18-SSX protein when expressed in a genetically engineered mouse model of synovial sarcoma. We also demonstrate nuclear staining of SS18-SSX in synovial sarcoma cells using immunofluorescence, and visualize the interaction between SS18-SSX and the BAF complex member BRG1 through a proximity ligation assay. Lastly, we confirm the interaction between SS18-SSX and promoter regions of target genes through chromatin immunoprecipitation. This antibody represents a breakthrough in sarcoma research and has value in multiple applications to expand the knowledge of synovial sarcoma biology.
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10
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Romanello Joaquim M, Furth EE, Fan Y, Song HK, Pickup S, Cao J, Choi H, Gupta M, Cao Q, Shinohara R, McMenamin D, Clendenin C, Karasic TB, Duda J, Gee JC, O’Dwyer PJ, Rosen MA, Zhou R. DWI Metrics Differentiating Benign Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasms from Invasive Pancreatic Cancer: A Study in GEM Models. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14164017. [PMID: 36011011 PMCID: PMC9406679 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14164017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
KPC (KrasG12D:Trp53R172H:Pdx1-Cre) and CKS (KrasG12D:Smad4L/L:Ptf1a-Cre) mice are genetically engineered mouse (GEM) models that capture features of human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMN), respectively. We compared these autochthonous tumors using quantitative imaging metrics from diffusion-weighted MRI (DW-MRI) and dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE)-MRI in reference to quantitative histological metrics including cell density, fibrosis, and microvasculature density. Our results revealed distinct DW-MRI metrics between the KPC vs. CKS model (mimicking human PDAC vs. IPMN lesion): the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of CKS tumors is significantly higher than that of KPC, with little overlap (mean ± SD 2.24±0.2 vs. 1.66±0.2, p<10−10) despite intratumor and intertumor variability. Kurtosis index (KI) is also distinctively separated in the two models. DW imaging metrics are consistent with growth pattern, cell density, and the cystic nature of the CKS tumors. Coregistration of ex vivo ADC maps with H&E-stained sections allowed for regional comparison and showed a correlation between local cell density and ADC value. In conclusion, studies in GEM models demonstrate the potential utility of diffusion-weighted MRI metrics for distinguishing pancreatic cancer from benign pancreatic cysts such as IPMN.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emma E. Furth
- Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Yong Fan
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Hee Kwon Song
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Stephen Pickup
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jianbo Cao
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Hoon Choi
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Mamta Gupta
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Quy Cao
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Russell Shinohara
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Deirdre McMenamin
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Cynthia Clendenin
- Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Thomas B. Karasic
- Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jeffrey Duda
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - James C. Gee
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Peter J. O’Dwyer
- Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Mark A. Rosen
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Rong Zhou
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Correspondence:
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11
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Yang D, Jones MG, Naranjo S, Rideout WM, Min KHJ, Ho R, Wu W, Replogle JM, Page JL, Quinn JJ, Horns F, Qiu X, Chen MZ, Freed-Pastor WA, McGinnis CS, Patterson DM, Gartner ZJ, Chow ED, Bivona TG, Chan MM, Yosef N, Jacks T, Weissman JS. Lineage tracing reveals the phylodynamics, plasticity, and paths of tumor evolution. Cell 2022; 185:1905-1923.e25. [PMID: 35523183 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Tumor evolution is driven by the progressive acquisition of genetic and epigenetic alterations that enable uncontrolled growth and expansion to neighboring and distal tissues. The study of phylogenetic relationships between cancer cells provides key insights into these processes. Here, we introduced an evolving lineage-tracing system with a single-cell RNA-seq readout into a mouse model of Kras;Trp53(KP)-driven lung adenocarcinoma and tracked tumor evolution from single-transformed cells to metastatic tumors at unprecedented resolution. We found that the loss of the initial, stable alveolar-type2-like state was accompanied by a transient increase in plasticity. This was followed by the adoption of distinct transcriptional programs that enable rapid expansion and, ultimately, clonal sweep of stable subclones capable of metastasizing. Finally, tumors develop through stereotypical evolutionary trajectories, and perturbing additional tumor suppressors accelerates progression by creating novel trajectories. Our study elucidates the hierarchical nature of tumor evolution and, more broadly, enables in-depth studies of tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dian Yang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Matthew G Jones
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Biological and Medical Informatics Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Integrative Program in Quantitative Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Center for Computational Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Santiago Naranjo
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - William M Rideout
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Kyung Hoi Joseph Min
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Raymond Ho
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Joseph M Replogle
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Tetrad Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Jennifer L Page
- Cell and Genome Engineering Core, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Jeffrey J Quinn
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Felix Horns
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Xiaojie Qiu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Michael Z Chen
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - William A Freed-Pastor
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Christopher S McGinnis
- Tetrad Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - David M Patterson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Zev J Gartner
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Chan Zuckerberg BioHub Investigator, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Center for Cellular Construction, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Eric D Chow
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Center for Advanced Technology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Trever G Bivona
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Michelle M Chan
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA; Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Nir Yosef
- Center for Computational Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Chan Zuckerberg BioHub Investigator, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Tyler Jacks
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
| | - Jonathan S Weissman
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
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12
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Luo Y, Du L, Yao Z, Liu F, Li K, Li F, Zhu J, Coppes RP, Zhang D, Pan Y, Gao S, Zhang H. Generation and Application of Inducible Chimeric RNA ASTN2-PAPPAas Knockin Mouse Model. Cells 2022; 11:277. [PMID: 35053393 PMCID: PMC8773765 DOI: 10.3390/cells11020277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Chimeric RNAs (chiRNAs) play many previously unrecognized roles in different diseases including cancer. They can not only be used as biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis of various diseases but also serve as potential therapeutic targets. In order to better understand the roles of chiRNAs in pathogenesis, we inserted human sequences into mouse genome and established a knockin mouse model of the tamoxifen-inducible expression of ASTN2-PAPPA antisense chimeric RNA (A-PaschiRNA). Mice carrying the A-PaschiRNA knockin gene do not display any apparent abnormalities in growth, fertility, histological, hematopoietic, and biochemical indices. Using this model, we dissected the role of A-PaschiRNA in chemical carcinogen 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4NQO)-induced carcinogenesis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). To our knowledge, we are the first to generate a chiRNA knockin mouse model using the Cre-loxP system. The model could be used to explore the roles of chiRNA in pathogenesis and potential targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichen Luo
- Institute of Precision Cancer Medicine and Pathology, School of Medicine and Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Liang Du
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells &
- Systems, Section Molecular Cell Biology and Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 AD Groningen, The Netherlands
- Graduate School, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Zhimeng Yao
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- Institute of Precision Cancer Medicine and Pathology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Fan Liu
- Institute of Precision Cancer Medicine and Pathology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Kai Li
- Institute of Precision Cancer Medicine and Pathology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Feifei Li
- Department of Oncology, People’s Hospital of Leshan, Leshan 614099, China;
| | - Jianlin Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- Institute of Precision Cancer Medicine and Pathology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Robert P. Coppes
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells &
- Systems, Section Molecular Cell Biology and Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 AD Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Dianzheng Zhang
- Department of Bio-Medical Sciences, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, 4170 City Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19131, USA
| | - Yunlong Pan
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Shegan Gao
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, College of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- Institute of Precision Cancer Medicine and Pathology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- Minister of Education Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
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13
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Ma Q, Yang L, Tolentino K, Wang G, Zhao Y, Litzenburger UM, Shi Q, Zhu L, Yang C, Jiao H, Zhang F, Li R, Tsai MC, Chen JA, Lai I, Zeng H, Li L, Chang HY. Inducible lncRNA transgenic mice reveal continual role of HOTAIR in promoting breast cancer metastasis. eLife 2022; 11:79126. [PMID: 36579891 PMCID: PMC9831604 DOI: 10.7554/elife.79126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
HOTAIR is a 2.2-kb long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) whose dysregulation has been linked to oncogenesis, defects in pattern formation during early development, and irregularities during the process of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). However, the oncogenic transformation determined by HOTAIR in vivo and its impact on chromatin dynamics are incompletely understood. Here, we generate a transgenic mouse model with doxycycline-inducible expression of human HOTAIR in the context of the MMTV-PyMT breast cancer-prone background to systematically interrogate the cellular mechanisms by which human HOTAIR lncRNA acts to promote breast cancer progression. We show that sustained high levels of HOTAIR over time increased breast metastatic capacity and invasiveness in breast cancer cells, promoting migration and subsequent metastasis to the lung. Subsequent withdrawal of HOTAIR overexpression reverted the metastatic phenotype, indicating oncogenic lncRNA addiction. Furthermore, HOTAIR overexpression altered both the cellular transcriptome and chromatin accessibility landscape of multiple metastasis-associated genes and promoted EMT. These alterations are abrogated within several cell cycles after HOTAIR expression is reverted to basal levels, indicating an erasable lncRNA-associated epigenetic memory. These results suggest that a continual role for HOTAIR in programming a metastatic gene regulatory program. Targeting HOTAIR lncRNA may potentially serve as a therapeutic strategy to ameliorate breast cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Ma
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Synthetic Genomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Genomics, CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of SciencesShenzhenChina
| | - Liuyi Yang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Synthetic Genomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Genomics, CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of SciencesShenzhenChina
| | - Karen Tolentino
- Center for Personal Dynamic Regulomes and Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford University School of MedicineStanfordUnited States
| | - Guiping Wang
- Center for Personal Dynamic Regulomes and Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford University School of MedicineStanfordUnited States
| | - Yang Zhao
- Center for Personal Dynamic Regulomes and Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford University School of MedicineStanfordUnited States
| | - Ulrike M Litzenburger
- Center for Personal Dynamic Regulomes and Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford University School of MedicineStanfordUnited States
| | - Quanming Shi
- Center for Personal Dynamic Regulomes and Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford University School of MedicineStanfordUnited States
| | - Lin Zhu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Synthetic Genomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Genomics, CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of SciencesShenzhenChina
| | - Chen Yang
- Department of Histoembryology, Genetics and Developmental Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education,Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Huiyuan Jiao
- Department of Histoembryology, Genetics and Developmental Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education,Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Histoembryology, Genetics and Developmental Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education,Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Rui Li
- Center for Personal Dynamic Regulomes and Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford University School of MedicineStanfordUnited States
| | - Miao-Chih Tsai
- Center for Personal Dynamic Regulomes and Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford University School of MedicineStanfordUnited States
| | - Jun-An Chen
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia SinicaTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Ian Lai
- Transgenic, Knockout, and Tumor Model Center, Stanford University School of MedicineStanfordUnited States,Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of MedicineStanfordUnited States
| | - Hong Zeng
- Transgenic, Knockout, and Tumor Model Center, Stanford University School of MedicineStanfordUnited States,Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of MedicineStanfordUnited States
| | - Lingjie Li
- Department of Histoembryology, Genetics and Developmental Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education,Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Howard Y Chang
- Center for Personal Dynamic Regulomes and Program in Epithelial Biology, Stanford University School of MedicineStanfordUnited States,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford UniversityStanfordUnited States
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14
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Ciampricotti M, Karakousi T, Richards AL, Quintanal-Villalonga À, Karatza A, Caeser R, Costa EA, Allaj V, Manoj P, Spainhower KB, Kombak FE, Sanchez-Rivera FJ, Jaspers JE, Zavitsanou AM, Maddalo D, Ventura A, Rideout WM, Akama-Garren EH, Jacks T, Donoghue MTA, Sen T, Oliver TG, Poirier JT, Papagiannakopoulos T, Rudin CM. Rlf-Mycl Gene Fusion Drives Tumorigenesis and Metastasis in a Mouse Model of Small Cell Lung Cancer. Cancer Discov 2021; 11:3214-3229. [PMID: 34344693 PMCID: PMC8810895 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-21-0441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) has limited therapeutic options and an exceptionally poor prognosis. Understanding the oncogenic drivers of SCLC may help define novel therapeutic targets. Recurrent genomic rearrangements have been identified in SCLC, most notably an in-frame gene fusion between RLF and MYCL found in up to 7% of the predominant ASCL1-expressing subtype. To explore the role of this fusion in oncogenesis and tumor progression, we used CRISPR/Cas9 somatic editing to generate a Rlf-Mycl-driven mouse model of SCLC. RLF-MYCL fusion accelerated transformation and proliferation of murine SCLC and increased metastatic dissemination and the diversity of metastatic sites. Tumors from the RLF-MYCL genetically engineered mouse model displayed gene expression similarities with human RLF-MYCL SCLC. Together, our studies support RLF-MYCL as the first demonstrated fusion oncogenic driver in SCLC and provide a new preclinical mouse model for the study of this subtype of SCLC. SIGNIFICANCE The biological and therapeutic implications of gene fusions in SCLC, an aggressive metastatic lung cancer, are unknown. Our study investigates the functional significance of the in-frame RLF-MYCL gene fusion by developing a Rlf-Mycl-driven genetically engineered mouse model and defining the impact on tumor growth and metastasis. This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 2945.
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Affiliation(s)
- Metamia Ciampricotti
- Department of Medicine, Thoracic Oncology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Triantafyllia Karakousi
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Allison L Richards
- Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Àlvaro Quintanal-Villalonga
- Department of Medicine, Thoracic Oncology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Angeliki Karatza
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rebecca Caeser
- Department of Medicine, Thoracic Oncology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Emily A Costa
- Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Viola Allaj
- Department of Medicine, Thoracic Oncology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Parvathy Manoj
- Department of Medicine, Thoracic Oncology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kyle B Spainhower
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Faruk E Kombak
- Precision Pathology Biobanking Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Francisco J Sanchez-Rivera
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Janneke E Jaspers
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Danilo Maddalo
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Current address: Department of Translational Oncology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Andrea Ventura
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - William M Rideout
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Department of Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Elliot H Akama-Garren
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Department of Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Tyler Jacks
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Department of Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Mark T A Donoghue
- Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Triparna Sen
- Department of Medicine, Thoracic Oncology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Trudy G Oliver
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - John T Poirier
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Thales Papagiannakopoulos
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Charles M Rudin
- Department of Medicine, Thoracic Oncology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Lead contact
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15
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Milosevic J, Fransson S, Gulyas M, Olsen TK, Gallo-Oller G, Treis D, Elfman LHM, Wilhelm M, Martinsson T, Baryawno N, Kogner P, Johnsen JI. High Expression of PPM1D Induces Tumors Phenotypically Similar to TP53 Loss-of-Function Mutations in Mice. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:5493. [PMID: 34771656 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13215493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Aberrant expression of the PPM1D gene which encodes a phosphatase called WIP1 is frequently observed in cancers of different origins. WIP1 is a negative regulator of the tumor suppressor p53. Improper inactivation of p53 results in genomic instability and can induce neoplastic transformation. We show that overexpression of PPM1D induces tumors in mice similar to cancers harboring p53 mutations. Our results suggest that PPM1D can act as an oncogenic driver by inducing genomic instability, impaired growth arrest, and apoptotic escape that can result in neoplastic transformation and malignant tumor development. Abstract PPM1D is a negative regulator of p53 and genomic aberrations resulting in increased activity of PPM1D have been observed in cancers of different origins, indicating that PPM1D has oncogenic properties. We established a transgenic mouse model overexpressing PPM1D and showed that these mice developed a wide variety of cancers. PPM1D-expressing mice developed tumors phenotypically and genetically similar to tumors in mice with dysfunctional p53. T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma was the most frequent cancer observed in these mice (55%) followed by adenocarcinomas (24%), leukemia (12%) and other solid tumors including neuroblastoma. Characterization of T-cell lymphomas in mice overexpressing PPM1D demonstrates Pten-deletion and p53-accumulation similar to mice with p53 loss-of-function. Also, Notch1 mutations which are recurrently observed in T-cell acute lymphoblastic lymphoma (T-ALL) were frequently detected in PPM1D-transgenic mice. Hence, PPM1D acts as an oncogenic driver in connection with cellular stress, suggesting that the PPM1D gene status and expression levels should be investigated in TP53 wild-type tumors.
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16
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Rosigkeit S, Kruchem M, Thies D, Kreft A, Eichler E, Boegel S, Jansky S, Siegl D, Kaps L, Pickert G, Haehnel P, Kindler T, Hartwig UF, Guerra C, Barbacid M, Schuppan D, Bockamp E. Definitive evidence for Club cells as progenitors for mutant Kras/Trp53-deficient lung cancer. Int J Cancer 2021; 149:1670-1682. [PMID: 34331774 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that both the nature of oncogenic lesions and the cell-of-origin can strongly influence cancer histopathology, tumor aggressiveness and response to therapy. Although oncogenic Kras expression and loss of Trp53 tumor suppressor gene function have been demonstrated to initiate murine lung adenocarcinomas (LUADs) in alveolar type II (AT2) cells, clear evidence that Club cells, representing the second major subset of lung epithelial cells, can also act as cells-of-origin for LUAD is lacking. Equally, the exact anatomic location of Club cells that are susceptible to Kras transformation and the resulting tumor histotype remains to be established. Here, we provide definitive evidence for Club cells as progenitors for LUAD. Using in vivo lineage tracing, we find that a subset of Kras12V -expressing and Trp53-deficient Club cells act as precursors for LUAD and we define the stepwise trajectory of Club cell-initiated tumors leading to lineage marker conversion and aggressive LUAD. Our results establish Club cells as cells-of-origin for LUAD and demonstrate that Club cell-initiated tumors have the potential to develop aggressive LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Rosigkeit
- Institute of Translational Immunology (TIM), University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Marie Kruchem
- Institute of Translational Immunology (TIM), University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Dorothe Thies
- Institute of Translational Immunology (TIM), University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Andreas Kreft
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Emma Eichler
- Institute of Translational Immunology (TIM), University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Sebastian Boegel
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Center of Autoimmunity, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Sandrine Jansky
- Institute of Translational Immunology (TIM), University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Dominik Siegl
- Institute of Translational Immunology (TIM), University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Leonard Kaps
- Institute of Translational Immunology (TIM), University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Geethanjali Pickert
- Institute of Translational Immunology (TIM), University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Patricia Haehnel
- III. Department of Medicine Hematology, Internal Oncology and Pneumology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Kindler
- III. Department of Medicine Hematology, Internal Oncology and Pneumology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Udo F Hartwig
- Research Center for Immunotherapy, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany.,III. Department of Medicine Hematology, Internal Oncology and Pneumology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Carmen Guerra
- Experimental Oncology, Molecular Oncology Program, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mariano Barbacid
- Experimental Oncology, Molecular Oncology Program, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Detlef Schuppan
- Institute of Translational Immunology (TIM), University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany.,Research Center for Immunotherapy, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany.,Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ernesto Bockamp
- Institute of Translational Immunology (TIM), University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany.,Research Center for Immunotherapy, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
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17
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Chen Z, Peng P, Zhang X, Mania-Farnell B, Xi G, Wan F. Advanced Pediatric Diffuse Pontine Glioma Murine Models Pave the Way towards Precision Medicine. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13051114. [PMID: 33807733 PMCID: PMC7961799 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13051114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas (DIPGs) account for ~15% of pediatric brain tumors, which invariably present with poor survival regardless of treatment mode. Several seminal studies have revealed that 80% of DIPGs harbor H3K27M mutation coded by HIST1H3B, HIST1H3C and H3F3A genes. The H3K27M mutation has broad effects on gene expression and is considered a tumor driver. Determination of the effects of H3K27M on posttranslational histone modifications and gene regulations in DIPG is critical for identifying effective therapeutic targets. Advanced animal models play critical roles in translating these cutting-edge findings into clinical trial development. Here, we review current molecular research progress associated with DIPG. We also summarize DIPG animal models, highlighting novel genomic engineered mouse models (GEMMs) and innovative humanized DIPG mouse models. These models will pave the way towards personalized precision medicine for the treatment of DIPGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zirong Chen
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; (Z.C.); (P.P.); (X.Z.)
| | - Peng Peng
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; (Z.C.); (P.P.); (X.Z.)
| | - Xiaolin Zhang
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; (Z.C.); (P.P.); (X.Z.)
| | - Barbara Mania-Farnell
- Department of Biological Science, Purdue University Northwest, Hammond, IN 46323, USA;
| | - Guifa Xi
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Correspondence: (G.X.); (F.W.); Tel.: +1-(312)5034296 (G.X.); +86-(027)-8366-5201 (F.W.)
| | - Feng Wan
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; (Z.C.); (P.P.); (X.Z.)
- Correspondence: (G.X.); (F.W.); Tel.: +1-(312)5034296 (G.X.); +86-(027)-8366-5201 (F.W.)
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18
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Hengartner AC, Prince E, Vijmasi T, Hankinson TC. Adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma: moving toward targeted therapies. Neurosurg Focus 2021; 48:E7. [PMID: 31896087 DOI: 10.3171/2019.10.focus19705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The evolving characterization of the biological basis of adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma (ACP) has provided insights critical for novel systemically delivered therapies. While current treatment strategies for ACP are associated with low mortality rates, patients experience severely lowered quality of life due to high recurrence rates and chronic sequelae, presenting a need for novel effective treatment regimens. The identification of various dysregulated pathways that play roles in the pathogenesis of ACP has prompted the investigation of novel treatment options. Aberrations in the CTNNB1 gene lead to the dysregulation of the Wnt pathway and the accumulation of nuclear β-catenin, which may play a role in tumor invasiveness. While Wnt pathway/β-catenin inhibition may be a promising treatment for ACP, potential off-target effects have limited its use in current intervention strategies. Promising evidence of the therapeutic potential of cystic proinflammatory mediators and immunosuppressants has been translated into clinical therapies, including interleukin 6 and IDO-1 inhibition. The dysregulation of the pathways of mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MAPK/ERK), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and programmed cell death protein 1 and its ligand (PD-1/PD-L1) has led to identification of various therapeutic targets that have shown promise as clinical strategies. The Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) pathway is upregulated in ACP and has been implicated in tumorigenesis and tumor growth; however, inhibition of SHH in murine models decreased survival, limiting its therapeutic application. While further preclinical and clinical data are needed, systemically delivered therapies could delay or replace the need for more aggressive definitive treatments. Ongoing preclinical investigations and clinical trials of these prospective pathways promise to advance treatment approaches aimed to increase patients' quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid C Hengartner
- 1Pediatric Neurosurgery, Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado School of Medicine; and
| | - Eric Prince
- 1Pediatric Neurosurgery, Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado School of Medicine; and
| | - Trinka Vijmasi
- 1Pediatric Neurosurgery, Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado School of Medicine; and
| | - Todd C Hankinson
- 1Pediatric Neurosurgery, Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado School of Medicine; and.,2Morgan Adams Foundation Pediatric Brain Tumor Program, Aurora, Colorado
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19
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Isomura H, Taguchi A, Kajino T, Asai N, Nakatochi M, Kato S, Suzuki K, Yanagisawa K, Suzuki M, Fujishita T, Yamaguchi T, Takahashi M, Takahashi T. Conditional Ror1 knockout reveals crucial involvement in lung adenocarcinoma development and identifies novel HIF-1α regulator. Cancer Sci 2021; 112:1614-1623. [PMID: 33506575 PMCID: PMC8019194 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that ROR1 is a crucial downstream gene for the TTF‐1/NKX2‐1 lineage‐survival oncogene in lung adenocarcinoma, while others have found altered expression of ROR1 in multiple cancer types. Accumulated evidence therefore indicates ROR1 as an attractive molecular target, though it has yet to be determined whether targeting Ror1 can inhibit tumor development and growth in vivo. To this end, genetically engineered mice carrying homozygously floxed Ror1 alleles and an SP‐C promoter–driven human mutant EGFR transgene were generated. Ror1 ablation resulted in marked retardation of tumor development and progression in association with reduced malignant characteristics and significantly better survival. Interestingly, gene set enrichment analysis identified a hypoxia‐induced gene set (HALLMARK_HYPOXIA) as most significantly downregulated by Ror1 ablation in vivo, which led to findings showing that ROR1 knockdown diminished HIF‐1α expression under normoxia and clearly hampered HIF‐1α induction in response to hypoxia in human lung adenocarcinoma cell lines. The present results directly demonstrate the importance of Ror1 for in vivo development and progression of lung adenocarcinoma, and also identify Ror1 as a novel regulator of Hif‐1α. Thus, a future study aimed at the development of a novel therapeutic targeting ROR1 for treatment of solid tumors such as seen in lung cancer, which are frequently accompanied with a hypoxic tumor microenvironment, is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisanori Isomura
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Center for Neurological Diseases and Cancer, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.,Division of Molecular Diagnostics, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Ayumu Taguchi
- Division of Molecular Diagnostics, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan.,Division of Advanced Cancer Diagnostics, Department of Cancer Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Taisuke Kajino
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Center for Neurological Diseases and Cancer, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.,Division of Molecular Diagnostics, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Naoya Asai
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Pathology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Masahiro Nakatochi
- Public Health Informatics Unit, Department of Integrated Health Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Seiichi Kato
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Keiko Suzuki
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Center for Neurological Diseases and Cancer, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Yanagisawa
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Center for Neurological Diseases and Cancer, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Motoshi Suzuki
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Center for Neurological Diseases and Cancer, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Molecular Oncology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Teruaki Fujishita
- Division of Pathophysiology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tomoya Yamaguchi
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Center for Neurological Diseases and Cancer, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Cancer Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.,Center for Metabolic Regulation of Healthy Aging, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Masahide Takahashi
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takashi Takahashi
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Center for Neurological Diseases and Cancer, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.,Aichi Cancer Center, Nagoya, Japan
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20
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Betzler AM, Nanduri LK, Hissa B, Blickensdörfer L, Muders MH, Roy J, Jesinghaus M, Steiger K, Weichert W, Kloor M, Klink B, Schroeder M, Mazzone M, Weitz J, Reissfelder C, Rahbari NN, Schölch S. Differential Effects of Trp53 Alterations in Murine Colorectal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13040808. [PMID: 33671932 PMCID: PMC7919037 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) development is a multi-step process resulting in the accumulation of genetic alterations. Despite its high incidence, there are currently no mouse models that accurately recapitulate this process and mimic sporadic CRC. We aimed to develop and characterize a genetically engineered mouse model (GEMM) of Apc/Kras/Trp53 mutant CRC, the most frequent genetic subtype of CRC. METHODS Tumors were induced in mice with conditional mutations or knockouts in Apc, Kras, and Trp53 by a segmental adeno-cre viral infection, monitored via colonoscopy and characterized on multiple levels via immunohistochemistry and next-generation sequencing. RESULTS The model accurately recapitulates human colorectal carcinogenesis clinically, histologically and genetically. The Trp53 R172H hotspot mutation leads to significantly increased metastatic capacity. The effects of Trp53 alterations, as well as the response to treatment of this model, are similar to human CRC. Exome sequencing revealed spontaneous protein-modifying alterations in multiple CRC-related genes and oncogenic pathways, resulting in a genetic landscape resembling human CRC. CONCLUSIONS This model realistically mimics human CRC in many aspects, allows new insights into the role of TP53 in CRC, enables highly predictive preclinical studies and demonstrates the value of GEMMs in current translational cancer research and drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander M. Betzler
- Department of Surgery, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany; (A.M.B.); (B.H.); (C.R.)
| | - Lahiri K. Nanduri
- Department of Gastrointestinal, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (L.K.N.); (J.W.)
| | - Barbara Hissa
- Department of Surgery, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany; (A.M.B.); (B.H.); (C.R.)
| | - Linda Blickensdörfer
- Department of General, Gastrointestinal and Transplant Surgery, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Michael H. Muders
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bonn Medical Center, 53127 Bonn, Germany;
| | - Janine Roy
- Department of Bioinformatics, Biotechnology Center, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (J.R.); (M.S.)
| | - Moritz Jesinghaus
- Institute of Pathology, Technische Universität München, 81675 München, Germany; (M.J.); (K.S.); (W.W.)
| | - Katja Steiger
- Institute of Pathology, Technische Universität München, 81675 München, Germany; (M.J.); (K.S.); (W.W.)
| | - Wilko Weichert
- Institute of Pathology, Technische Universität München, 81675 München, Germany; (M.J.); (K.S.); (W.W.)
| | - Matthias Kloor
- Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Applied Tumor Biology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Barbara Klink
- Institute of Clinical Genetics, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany;
| | - Michael Schroeder
- Department of Bioinformatics, Biotechnology Center, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (J.R.); (M.S.)
| | - Massimiliano Mazzone
- Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology (CCB), VIB, 3000 Leuven, Belgium;
- Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jürgen Weitz
- Department of Gastrointestinal, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (L.K.N.); (J.W.)
| | - Christoph Reissfelder
- Department of Surgery, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany; (A.M.B.); (B.H.); (C.R.)
| | - Nuh N. Rahbari
- Department of Surgery, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany; (A.M.B.); (B.H.); (C.R.)
- Correspondence: (N.N.R.); (S.S.)
| | - Sebastian Schölch
- Department of Surgery, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany; (A.M.B.); (B.H.); (C.R.)
- Junior Clinical Cooperation Unit Translational Surgical Oncology (A430), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Correspondence: (N.N.R.); (S.S.)
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21
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Groth C, Arpinati L, Shaul ME, Winkler N, Diester K, Gengenbacher N, Weber R, Arkhypov I, Lasser S, Petrova V, Augustin HG, Altevogt P, Utikal J, Fridlender ZG, Umansky V. Blocking Migration of Polymorphonuclear Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells Inhibits Mouse Melanoma Progression. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13040726. [PMID: 33578808 PMCID: PMC7916588 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) represent a heterogeneous myeloid cell population that is expanded in tumor bearing hosts and substantially contributes to immunosuppression, representing thereby a valuable therapeutic target. Our study analyzes polymorphonuclear (PMN) and monocytic (M) MDSC subsets regarding their immunosuppressive capacity and recruitment mechanisms in murine melanoma. The immunosuppressive activity of both subsets was comparable. We identified the C-X-C Motif Chemokine Receptor (CXCR) 2/chemokine C-X-C motif ligand (CXCL) 1 axis as an important mediator of PMN-MDSC recruitment. Inhibition of CXCR2 resulted in a decreased infiltration of tumors with PMN-MDSC and increased survival of melanoma bearing mice. Furthermore, adjuvant treatment of mice with resected tumors reduced the infiltration of pre-metastatic sites with PMN-MDSC and the occurrence of distant metastasis. The decrease in PMN-MDSC infiltration was accompanied by an increase in natural killer (NK) cell frequency, suggesting an important role of PMN-MDSC in suppressing the NK cell-mediated anti-tumor response. Abstract Background: Despite recent improvement in the treatment of malignant melanoma by immune-checkpoint inhibitors, the disease can progress due to an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) mainly represented by myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC). However, the relative contribution of the polymorphonuclear (PMN) and monocytic (M) MDSC subsets to melanoma progression is not clear. Here, we compared both subsets regarding their immunosuppressive capacity and recruitment mechanisms. Furthermore, we inhibited PMN-MDSC migration in vivo to determine its effect on tumor progression. Methods: Using the RET transgenic melanoma mouse model, we investigated the immunosuppressive function of MDSC subsets and chemokine receptor expression on these cells. The effect of CXCR2 inhibition on PMN-MDSC migration and tumor progression was studied in RET transgenic mice and in C57BL/6 mice after surgical resection of primary melanomas. Results: Immunosuppressive capacity of intratumoral M- and PMN-MDSC was comparable in melanoma bearing mice. Anti-CXCR2 therapy prolonged survival of these mice and decreased the occurrence of distant metastasis. Furthermore, this therapy reduced the infiltration of melanoma lesions and pre-metastatic sites with PMN-MDSC that was associated with the accumulation of natural killer (NK) cells. Conclusions: We provide evidence for the tumor−promoting properties of PMN-MDSC as well as for the anti-tumor effects upon their targeting in melanoma bearing mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Groth
- Skin Cancer Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (C.G.); (N.W.); (K.D.); (R.W.); (I.A.); (S.L.); (V.P.); (P.A.); (J.U.)
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karl University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
- Faculty of Biosciences, Ruprecht-Karl University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Mannheim Institute for Innate Immunoscience (MI3), Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Ludovica Arpinati
- Institute of Pulmonary Medicine, Hebrew University Hadassah Medical Center, POB 12000, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel; (L.A.); (M.E.S.); (Z.G.F.)
| | - Merav E. Shaul
- Institute of Pulmonary Medicine, Hebrew University Hadassah Medical Center, POB 12000, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel; (L.A.); (M.E.S.); (Z.G.F.)
| | - Nina Winkler
- Skin Cancer Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (C.G.); (N.W.); (K.D.); (R.W.); (I.A.); (S.L.); (V.P.); (P.A.); (J.U.)
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karl University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
- Faculty of Biosciences, Ruprecht-Karl University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Klara Diester
- Skin Cancer Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (C.G.); (N.W.); (K.D.); (R.W.); (I.A.); (S.L.); (V.P.); (P.A.); (J.U.)
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karl University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
- Faculty of Biosciences, Ruprecht-Karl University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nicolas Gengenbacher
- European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany; (N.G.); (H.G.A.)
- Division of Vascular Oncology and Metastasis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rebekka Weber
- Skin Cancer Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (C.G.); (N.W.); (K.D.); (R.W.); (I.A.); (S.L.); (V.P.); (P.A.); (J.U.)
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karl University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
- Mannheim Institute for Innate Immunoscience (MI3), Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Ihor Arkhypov
- Skin Cancer Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (C.G.); (N.W.); (K.D.); (R.W.); (I.A.); (S.L.); (V.P.); (P.A.); (J.U.)
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karl University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Samantha Lasser
- Skin Cancer Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (C.G.); (N.W.); (K.D.); (R.W.); (I.A.); (S.L.); (V.P.); (P.A.); (J.U.)
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karl University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
- Faculty of Biosciences, Ruprecht-Karl University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Vera Petrova
- Skin Cancer Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (C.G.); (N.W.); (K.D.); (R.W.); (I.A.); (S.L.); (V.P.); (P.A.); (J.U.)
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karl University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Hellmut G. Augustin
- European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany; (N.G.); (H.G.A.)
- Division of Vascular Oncology and Metastasis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Altevogt
- Skin Cancer Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (C.G.); (N.W.); (K.D.); (R.W.); (I.A.); (S.L.); (V.P.); (P.A.); (J.U.)
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karl University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Jochen Utikal
- Skin Cancer Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (C.G.); (N.W.); (K.D.); (R.W.); (I.A.); (S.L.); (V.P.); (P.A.); (J.U.)
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karl University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Zvi G. Fridlender
- Institute of Pulmonary Medicine, Hebrew University Hadassah Medical Center, POB 12000, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel; (L.A.); (M.E.S.); (Z.G.F.)
| | - Viktor Umansky
- Skin Cancer Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (C.G.); (N.W.); (K.D.); (R.W.); (I.A.); (S.L.); (V.P.); (P.A.); (J.U.)
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karl University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
- Mannheim Institute for Innate Immunoscience (MI3), Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-621-3833773
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22
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Singh A, Daemen A, Nickles D, Jeon SM, Foreman O, Sudini K, Gnad F, Lajoie S, Gour N, Mitzner W, Chatterjee S, Choi EJ, Ravishankar B, Rappaport A, Patil N, McCleland M, Johnson L, Acquaah-Mensah G, Gabrielson E, Biswal S, Hatzivassiliou G. NRF2 Activation Promotes Aggressive Lung Cancer and Associates with Poor Clinical Outcomes. Clin Cancer Res 2021; 27:877-888. [PMID: 33077574 PMCID: PMC10867786 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-20-1985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Stabilization of the transcription factor NRF2 through genomic alterations in KEAP1 and NFE2L2 occurs in a quarter of patients with lung adenocarcinoma and a third of patients with lung squamous cell carcinoma. In lung adenocarcinoma, KEAP1 loss often co-occurs with STK11 loss and KRAS-activating alterations. Despite its prevalence, the impact of NRF2 activation on tumor progression and patient outcomes is not fully defined. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We model NRF2 activation, STK11 loss, and KRAS activation in vivo using novel genetically engineered mouse models. Furthermore, we derive a NRF2 activation signature from human non-small cell lung tumors that we use to dissect how these genomic events impact outcomes and immune contexture of participants in the OAK and IMpower131 immunotherapy trials. RESULTS Our in vivo data reveal roles for NRF2 activation in (i) promoting rapid-onset, multifocal intrabronchiolar carcinomas, leading to lethal pulmonary dysfunction, and (ii) decreasing elevated redox stress in KRAS-mutant, STK11-null tumors. In patients with nonsquamous tumors, the NRF2 signature is negatively prognostic independently of STK11 loss. Patients with lung squamous cell carcinoma with low NRF2 signature survive longer when receiving anti-PD-L1 treatment. CONCLUSIONS Our in vivo modeling establishes NRF2 activation as a critical oncogenic driver, cooperating with STK11 loss and KRAS activation to promote aggressive lung adenocarcinoma. In patients, oncogenic events alter the tumor immune contexture, possibly having an impact on treatment responses. Importantly, patients with NRF2-activated nonsquamous or squamous tumors have poor prognosis and show limited response to anti-PD-L1 treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anju Singh
- Department of Environmental Health Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Anneleen Daemen
- Oncology Bioinformatics, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California.
| | - Dorothee Nickles
- Oncology Bioinformatics, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California.
| | - Sang-Min Jeon
- Translational Oncology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Oded Foreman
- Pathology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Kuladeep Sudini
- Department of Environmental Health Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Florian Gnad
- Oncology Bioinformatics, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Stephane Lajoie
- Department of Environmental Health Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Naina Gour
- Department of Environmental Health Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Wayne Mitzner
- Department of Environmental Health Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Samit Chatterjee
- Department of Environmental Health Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Eun-Ji Choi
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Amy Rappaport
- Discovery Oncology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Namrata Patil
- Oncology Biomarker Development, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Mark McCleland
- Oncology Biomarker Development, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Leisa Johnson
- Discovery Oncology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - George Acquaah-Mensah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Edward Gabrielson
- Department of Pathology and Oncology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Shyam Biswal
- Department of Environmental Health Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland.
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23
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Abstract
An aggressive primary brain cancer, glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common cancer of the central nervous system in adults. However, an inability to identify its cell-of-origin has been a fundamental issue hindering further understanding of the nature and pathogenesis of GBM, as well as the development of novel therapeutic targets. Researchers have hypothesized that GBM arises from an accumulation of somatic mutations in neural stem cells (NSCs) and glial precursor cells that confer selective growth advantages, resulting in uncontrolled proliferation. In this review, we outline genomic perspectives on IDH-wildtype and IDH-mutant GBMs pathogenesis and the cell-of-origin harboring GBM driver mutations proposed by various GBM animal models. Additionally, we discuss the distinct neurodevelopmental programs observed in either IDH-wildtype or IDH-mutant GBMs. Further research into the cellular origin and lineage hierarchy of GBM will help with understanding the evolution of GBMs and with developing effective targets for treating GBM cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jung Kim
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jung Won Park
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jeong Ho Lee
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, South Korea.,SoVarGen, Inc., Daejeon, South Korea
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24
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Zhu Y, Wen J, Huang G, Mittlesteadt J, Wen X, Lu X. CHD1 and SPOP synergistically protect prostate epithelial cells from DNA damage. Prostate 2021; 81:81-88. [PMID: 33022763 DOI: 10.1002/pros.24080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent genomic profiling has identified a subtype of prostate cancer (PCa) characterized by two key genetic alterations: missense mutation of speckle-type POZ protein (SPOP) and homozygous deletion of chromodomain helicase DNA-binding protein 1 (CHD1). Mutually exclusive with E26 transformation-specific (ETS) rearrangements, this subtype displays high genomic instability. Previous studies indicate that deficient SPOP or CHD1 alone leads to feeble prostate abnormalities and each protein is involved in DNA damage response (DDR). It remains to be determined whether CHD1 and SPOP cooperate to suppress prostate tumorigenesis and DDR. METHODS Prostate-specific single or double knockout of Spop and Chd1 was generated with the Cre/loxP system in mice. Wild-type or mutant SPOP (F102C, F133V) overexpression and CHD1 knockdown with short hairpin RNA were created in human benign prostatic hyperplasia cell line BPH1. The levels of DNA damage and homologous recombination repair were measured by immunofluorescence staining of γH2AX and RAD51, respectively. RESULTS Spop/Chd1 double-knockout mice displayed prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia at both young (3 months) and old (12 months) ages and failed to generate prostate adenocarcinoma. Compared with wild-type or single-knockout mice, the double-knockout prostate harbored moderately higher proliferating cells and dramatically augmented the level of γH2AX staining, although androgen receptor-positive cells and apoptotic cells remained at a similar level. In BPH1 cell line, SPOP mutant overexpression and CHD1 silencing synergistically sensitized the cells to DNA damage by camptothecin, an inducer of double-strand breaks. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that SPOP and CHD1 can synergistically promote repair of naturally occurring or chemically induced DNA damages in prostate epithelial cells. Regarding the progression of the SPOP/CHD1 subtype of PCa, other functionally complementary drivers warrant further identification. The clinical implication is that this subtype of PCa may be particularly sensitive to poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors or DNA-damaging agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yini Zhu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Boler-Parseghian Center for Rare and Neglected Diseases, Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA
- Integrated Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA
| | - Jiling Wen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Boler-Parseghian Center for Rare and Neglected Diseases, Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA
- Department of Urology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Gang Huang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Boler-Parseghian Center for Rare and Neglected Diseases, Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA
- Department of Urology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jackson Mittlesteadt
- Department of Biological Sciences, Boler-Parseghian Center for Rare and Neglected Diseases, Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA
| | - Xiaofei Wen
- Department of Urology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Lu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Boler-Parseghian Center for Rare and Neglected Diseases, Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA
- Integrated Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA
- Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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25
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Zhu L, Kan KJ, Grün JL, Hissa B, Yang C, Győrffy B, Loges S, Reißfelder C, Schölch S. GAS2L1 Is a Potential Biomarker of Circulating Tumor Cells in Pancreatic Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E3774. [PMID: 33333841 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12123774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a malignant disease with high mortality and a dismal prognosis. Circulating tumor cell (CTC) detection and characterization have emerged as essential techniques for early detection, prognostication, and liquid biopsy in many solid malignancies. Unfortunately, due to the low EPCAM expression in pancreatic cancer CTCs, no specific marker is available to identify and isolate this rare cell population. This study analyzed single-cell RNA sequencing profiles of pancreatic CTCs from a genetically engineered mouse model (GEMM) and pancreatic cancer patients. Through dimensionality reduction analysis, murine pancreatic CTCs were grouped into three clusters with different biological functions. CLIC4 and GAS2L1 were shown to be overexpressed in pancreatic CTCs in comparison with peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Further analyses of PBMCs and RNA-sequencing datasets of enriched pancreatic CTCs were used to validate the overexpression of GAS2L1 in pancreatic CTCs. A combinatorial approach using both GAS2L1 and EPCAM expression leads to an increased detection rate of CTCs in PDAC in both GEMM and patient samples. GAS2L1 is thus proposed as a novel biomarker of pancreatic cancer CTCs.
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26
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Carper MB, Troutman S, Wagner BL, Byrd KM, Selitsky SR, Parag-Sharma K, Henry EC, Li W, Parker JS, Montgomery SA, Cleveland JL, Williams SE, Kissil JL, Hayes DN, Amelio AL. An Immunocompetent Mouse Model of HPV16(+) Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cell Rep 2019; 29:1660-1674.e7. [PMID: 31693903 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of human papilloma virus (HPV)-associated head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is increasing and implicated in more than 60% of all oropharyngeal carcinomas (OPSCCs). Although whole-genome, transcriptome, and proteome analyses have identified altered signaling pathways in HPV-induced HNSCCs, additional tools are needed to investigate the unique pathobiology of OPSCC. Herein, bioinformatics analyses of human HPV(+) HNSCCs revealed that all tumors express full-length E6 and identified molecular subtypes based on relative E6 and E7 expression levels. To recapitulate the levels, stoichiometric ratios, and anatomic location of E6/E7 expression, we generated a genetically engineered mouse model whereby balanced expression of E6/E7 is directed to the oropharyngeal epithelium. The addition of a mutant PIK3CAE545K allele leads to the rapid development of pre-malignant lesions marked by immune cell accumulation, and a subset of these lesions progress to OPSCC. This mouse provides a faithful immunocompetent model for testing treatments and investigating mechanisms of immuno- suppression. Carper et al. present the ‘‘iKHP’’ mouse, in which HPV16 oncogenes are inducibly activated in vivo in a tissue-specific and temporal manner. Oropharyngeal- specific expression of E6/E7 with PIK3CAE545K in these mice promotes the development of premalignant lesions marked by immune cell infiltration, but only a subset spontaneously convert to OPSCC.
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27
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Padmanaban V, Grasset EM, Neumann NM, Fraser AK, Henriet E, Matsui W, Tran PT, Cheung KJ, Georgess D, Ewald AJ. Organotypic culture assays for murine and human primary and metastatic-site tumors. Nat Protoc 2020; 15:2413-2442. [PMID: 32690957 PMCID: PMC8202162 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-020-0335-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Cancer invasion and metastasis are challenging to study in vivo since they occur deep inside the body over extended time periods. Organotypic 3D culture of fresh tumor tissue enables convenient real-time imaging, genetic and microenvironmental manipulation and molecular analysis. Here, we provide detailed protocols to isolate and culture heterogenous organoids from murine and human primary and metastatic site tumors. The time required to isolate organoids can vary based on the tissue and organ type but typically takes <7 h. We describe a suite of assays that model specific aspects of metastasis, including proliferation, survival, invasion, dissemination and colony formation. We also specify comprehensive protocols for downstream applications of organotypic cultures that will allow users to (i) test the role of specific genes in regulating various cellular processes, (ii) distinguish the contributions of several microenvironmental factors and (iii) test the effects of novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veena Padmanaban
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Cell Dynamics, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Eloise M. Grasset
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Cell Dynamics, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Neil M. Neumann
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Cell Dynamics, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Andrew K. Fraser
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Cell Dynamics, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Elodie Henriet
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Cell Dynamics, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - William Matsui
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Phuoc T. Tran
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Kevin J. Cheung
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Cell Dynamics, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA,Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Dan Georgess
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Cell Dynamics, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA,Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts & Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Andrew J. Ewald
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Cell Dynamics, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA,Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Author for Correspondence: Andrew J. Ewald, 855 N. Wolfe Street, Rangos 452, Baltimore, MD 21205, Tel: 410-614-9288,
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28
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Qin Y, Musket A, Kou J, Preiszner J, Tschida BR, Qin A, Land CA, Staal B, Kang L, Tanner K, Jiang Y, Schweitzer JB, Largaespada DA, Xie Q. Overexpression of HGF/MET axis along with p53 inhibition induces de novo glioma formation in mice. Neurooncol Adv 2020; 2:vdaa067. [PMID: 32642717 PMCID: PMC7332240 DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdaa067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Aberrant MET receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) activation leads to invasive tumor growth in different types of cancer. Overexpression of MET and its ligand hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) occurs more frequently in glioblastoma (GBM) than in low-grade gliomas. Although we have shown previously that HGF-autocrine activation predicts sensitivity to MET tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in GBM, whether it initiates tumorigenesis remains elusive. Methods Using a well-established Sleeping Beauty (SB) transposon strategy, we injected human HGF and MET cDNA together with a short hairpin siRNA against Trp53 (SB-hHgf.Met.ShP53) into the lateral ventricle of neonatal mice to induce spontaneous glioma initiation and characterized the tumors with H&E and immunohistochemistry analysis. Glioma sphere cells also were isolated for measuring the sensitivity to specific MET TKIs. Results Mixed injection of SB-hHgf.Met.ShP53 plasmids induced de novo glioma formation with invasive tumor growth accompanied by HGF and MET overexpression. While glioma stem cells (GSCs) are considered as the tumor-initiating cells in GBM, both SB-hHgf.Met.ShP53 tumor sections and glioma spheres harvested from these tumors expressed GSC markers nestin, GFAP, and Sox 2. Moreover, specific MET TKIs significantly inhibited tumor spheres' proliferation and MET/MAPK/AKT signaling. Conclusions Overexpression of the HGF/MET axis along with p53 attenuation may transform neural stem cells into GSCs, resulting in GBM formation in mice. These tumors are primarily driven by the MET RTK pathway activation and are sensitive to MET TKIs. The SB-hHgf.Met.ShP53 spontaneous mouse glioma model provides a useful tool for studying GBM tumor biology and MET-targeting therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Qin
- Department of Biomedical Science, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA
| | - Anna Musket
- Department of Biomedical Science, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jianqun Kou
- Department of Biomedical Science, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA
| | - Johanna Preiszner
- Department of Pathology, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA
| | - Barbara R Tschida
- Department of Pediatrics, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Anna Qin
- Department of Biomedical Science, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA
| | - Craig A Land
- Department of Biomedical Science, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA
| | - Ben Staal
- Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA
| | - Liang Kang
- Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA
| | - Kirk Tanner
- National Brain Tumor Society, Newton, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yong Jiang
- Department of Biomedical Science, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA
| | - John B Schweitzer
- Department of Pathology, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA
| | - David A Largaespada
- Department of Pediatrics, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Qian Xie
- Department of Biomedical Science, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA
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29
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Hámori L, Kudlik G, Szebényi K, Kucsma N, Szeder B, Póti Á, Uher F, Várady G, Szüts D, Tóvári J, Füredi A, Szakács G. Establishment and Characterization of a Brca1 -/-, p53 -/- Mouse Mammary Tumor Cell Line. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21041185. [PMID: 32053991 PMCID: PMC7072850 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most commonly occurring cancer in women and the second most common cancer overall. By the age of 80, the estimated risk for breast cancer for women with germline BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations is around 80%. Genetically engineered BRCA1-deficient mouse models offer a unique opportunity to study the pathogenesis and therapy of triple negative breast cancer. Here we present a newly established Brca1−/−, p53−/− mouse mammary tumor cell line, designated as CST. CST shows prominent features of BRCA1-mutated triple-negative breast cancers including increased motility, high proliferation rate, genome instability and sensitivity to platinum chemotherapy and PARP inhibitors (olaparib, veliparib, rucaparib and talazoparib). Genomic instability of CST cells was confirmed by whole genome sequencing, which also revealed the presence of COSMIC (Catalogue of Somatic Mutations in Cancer) mutation signatures 3 and 8 associated with homologous recombination (HR) deficiency. In vitro sensitivity of CST cells was tested against 11 chemotherapy agents. Tumors derived from orthotopically injected CST-mCherry cells in FVB-GFP mice showed sensitivity to cisplatin, providing a new model to study the cooperation of BRCA1-KO, mCherry-positive tumor cells and the GFP-expressing stromal compartment in therapy resistance and metastasis formation. In summary, we have established CST cells as a new model recapitulating major characteristics of BRCA1-negative breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilla Hámori
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, 1117 Budapest, Hungary; (L.H.); (G.K.); (K.S.); (N.K.); (B.S.); (Á.P.); (G.V.); (D.S.)
| | - Gyöngyi Kudlik
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, 1117 Budapest, Hungary; (L.H.); (G.K.); (K.S.); (N.K.); (B.S.); (Á.P.); (G.V.); (D.S.)
| | - Kornélia Szebényi
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, 1117 Budapest, Hungary; (L.H.); (G.K.); (K.S.); (N.K.); (B.S.); (Á.P.); (G.V.); (D.S.)
- Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Nóra Kucsma
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, 1117 Budapest, Hungary; (L.H.); (G.K.); (K.S.); (N.K.); (B.S.); (Á.P.); (G.V.); (D.S.)
| | - Bálint Szeder
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, 1117 Budapest, Hungary; (L.H.); (G.K.); (K.S.); (N.K.); (B.S.); (Á.P.); (G.V.); (D.S.)
| | - Ádám Póti
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, 1117 Budapest, Hungary; (L.H.); (G.K.); (K.S.); (N.K.); (B.S.); (Á.P.); (G.V.); (D.S.)
| | - Ferenc Uher
- Central Hospital of Southern Pest—National Institute of Hematology and Infectious Diseases, 1097 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - György Várady
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, 1117 Budapest, Hungary; (L.H.); (G.K.); (K.S.); (N.K.); (B.S.); (Á.P.); (G.V.); (D.S.)
| | - Dávid Szüts
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, 1117 Budapest, Hungary; (L.H.); (G.K.); (K.S.); (N.K.); (B.S.); (Á.P.); (G.V.); (D.S.)
| | - József Tóvári
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, National Institute of Oncology, 1122, Budapest, Hungary;
| | - András Füredi
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, 1117 Budapest, Hungary; (L.H.); (G.K.); (K.S.); (N.K.); (B.S.); (Á.P.); (G.V.); (D.S.)
- Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Correspondence: (A.F.); (G.S.)
| | - Gergely Szakács
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, 1117 Budapest, Hungary; (L.H.); (G.K.); (K.S.); (N.K.); (B.S.); (Á.P.); (G.V.); (D.S.)
- Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Correspondence: (A.F.); (G.S.)
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30
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Wisdom AJ, Hong CS, Lin AJ, Xiang Y, Cooper DE, Zhang J, Xu ES, Kuo HC, Mowery YM, Carpenter DJ, Kadakia KT, Himes JE, Luo L, Ma Y, Williams N, Cardona DM, Haldar M, Diao Y, Markovina S, Schwarz JK, Kirsch DG. Neutrophils promote tumor resistance to radiation therapy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:18584-9. [PMID: 31462499 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1901562116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Nearly two-thirds of cancer patients are treated with radiation therapy (RT), often with the intent to achieve complete and permanent tumor regression (local control). RT is the primary treatment modality used to achieve local control for many malignancies, including locally advanced cervical cancer, head and neck cancer, and lung cancer. The addition of concurrent platinum-based radiosensitizing chemotherapy improves local control and patient survival. Enhanced outcomes with concurrent chemoradiotherapy may result from increased direct killing of tumor cells and effects on nontumor cell populations. Many patients treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy exhibit a decline in neutrophil count, but the effects of neutrophils on radiation therapy are controversial. To investigate the clinical significance of neutrophils in the response to RT, we examined patient outcomes and circulating neutrophil counts in cervical cancer patients treated with definitive chemoradiation. Although pretreatment neutrophil count did not correlate with outcome, lower absolute neutrophil count after starting concurrent chemoradiotherapy was associated with higher rates of local control, metastasis-free survival, and overall survival. To define the role of neutrophils in tumor response to RT, we used genetic and pharmacological approaches to deplete neutrophils in an autochthonous mouse model of soft tissue sarcoma. Neutrophil depletion prior to image-guided focal irradiation improved tumor response to RT. Our results indicate that neutrophils promote resistance to radiation therapy. The efficacy of chemoradiotherapy may depend on the impact of treatment on peripheral neutrophil count, which has the potential to serve as an inexpensive and widely available biomarker.
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31
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Cassidy LD, Young ARJ, Pérez-Mancera PA, Nimmervoll B, Jaulim A, Chen HC, McIntyre DJO, Brais R, Ricketts T, Pacey S, De La Roche M, Gilbertson RJ, Rubinsztein DC, Narita M. A novel Atg5-shRNA mouse model enables temporal control of Autophagy in vivo. Autophagy 2018; 14:1256-1266. [PMID: 29999454 PMCID: PMC6103714 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2018.1458172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Macroautophagy/autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved catabolic pathway whose modulation has been linked to diverse disease states, including age-associated disorders. Conventional and conditional whole-body knockout mouse models of key autophagy genes display perinatal death and lethal neurotoxicity, respectively, limiting their applications for in vivo studies. Here, we have developed an inducible shRNA mouse model targeting Atg5, allowing us to dynamically inhibit autophagy in vivo, termed ATG5i mice. The lack of brain-associated shRNA expression in this model circumvents the lethal phenotypes associated with complete autophagy knockouts. We show that ATG5i mice recapitulate many of the previously described phenotypes of tissue-specific knockouts. While restoration of autophagy in the liver rescues hepatomegaly and other pathologies associated with autophagy deficiency, this coincides with the development of hepatic fibrosis. These results highlight the need to consider the potential side effects of systemic anti-autophagy therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam D. Cassidy
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Andrew RJ. Young
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Birgit Nimmervoll
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Adil Jaulim
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Hung-Chang Chen
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Rebecca Brais
- Department of Histopathology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Thomas Ricketts
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge, UK
| | - Simon Pacey
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Maike De La Roche
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - David C. Rubinsztein
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Masashi Narita
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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32
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Barazas M, Annunziato S, Pettitt SJ, de Krijger I, Ghezraoui H, Roobol SJ, Lutz C, Frankum J, Song FF, Brough R, Evers B, Gogola E, Bhin J, van de Ven M, van Gent DC, Jacobs JJL, Chapman R, Lord CJ, Jonkers J, Rottenberg S. The CST Complex Mediates End Protection at Double-Strand Breaks and Promotes PARP Inhibitor Sensitivity in BRCA1-Deficient Cells. Cell Rep 2018; 23:2107-2118. [PMID: 29768208 PMCID: PMC5972230 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.04.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 03/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Selective elimination of BRCA1-deficient cells by inhibitors of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) is a prime example of the concept of synthetic lethality in cancer therapy. This interaction is counteracted by the restoration of BRCA1-independent homologous recombination through loss of factors such as 53BP1, RIF1, and REV7/MAD2L2, which inhibit end resection of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). To identify additional factors involved in this process, we performed CRISPR/SpCas9-based loss-of-function screens and selected for factors that confer PARP inhibitor (PARPi) resistance in BRCA1-deficient cells. Loss of members of the CTC1-STN1-TEN1 (CST) complex were found to cause PARPi resistance in BRCA1-deficient cells in vitro and in vivo. We show that CTC1 depletion results in the restoration of end resection and that the CST complex may act downstream of 53BP1/RIF1. These data suggest that, in addition to its role in protecting telomeres, the CST complex also contributes to protecting DSBs from end resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Barazas
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Oncode Institute, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Stefano Annunziato
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Oncode Institute, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Stephen J Pettitt
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory and Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Inge de Krijger
- Division of Oncogenomics, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Hind Ghezraoui
- Genome Integrity Laboratory, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Stefan J Roobol
- Department of Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Catrin Lutz
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Oncode Institute, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jessica Frankum
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory and Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Fei Fei Song
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory and Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Rachel Brough
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory and Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Bastiaan Evers
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ewa Gogola
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Oncode Institute, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jinhyuk Bhin
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Oncode Institute, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marieke van de Ven
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Oncode Institute, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Mouse Clinic for Cancer and Aging Research (MCCA), Preclinical Intervention Unit, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Dik C van Gent
- Department of Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jacqueline J L Jacobs
- Division of Oncogenomics, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ross Chapman
- Genome Integrity Laboratory, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Christopher J Lord
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory and Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Jos Jonkers
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Oncode Institute, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Sven Rottenberg
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Oncode Institute, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
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Abstract
The establishment and validation of preclinical models that faithfully recapitulate the pathogenesis and treatment response of human colorectal cancer (CRC) is critical to expedient therapeutic advances in the clinical management of this disease. Integral to the application of precision medicine for patients diagnosed with metastatic CRC is the need to understand the molecular determinants of response for a given therapy. Preclinical models of CRC have proven invaluable in answering many of our basic questions relating to the molecular aberrations that drive colorectal tumor progression. This review will address the comparative merits and limitations of the broad spectrum of in vitro and in vivo models available for study of colorectal tumors and their response to experimental therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith S Sebolt-Leopold
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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34
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Moore AR, Ran L, Guan Y, Sher JJ, Hitchman TD, Zhang JQ, Hwang C, Walzak EG, Shoushtari AN, Monette S, Murali R, Wiesner T, Griewank KG, Chi P, Chen Y. GNA11 Q209L Mouse Model Reveals RasGRP3 as an Essential Signaling Node in Uveal Melanoma. Cell Rep 2018; 22:2455-2468. [PMID: 29490280 PMCID: PMC5854482 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.01.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Uveal melanoma (UM) is characterized by mutually exclusive activating mutations in GNAQ, GNA11, CYSLTR2, and PLCB4, four genes in a linear pathway to activation of PLCβ in almost all tumors and loss of BAP1 in the aggressive subset. We generated mice with melanocyte-specific expression of GNA11Q209L with and without homozygous Bap1 loss. The GNA11Q209L mice recapitulated human Gq-associated melanomas, and they developed pigmented neoplastic lesions from melanocytes of the skin and non-cutaneous organs, including the eye and leptomeninges, as well as at atypical sites, including the lymph nodes and lungs. The addition of Bap1 loss increased tumor proliferation and cutaneous melanoma size. Integrative transcriptome analysis of human and murine melanomas identified RasGRP3 to be specifically expressed in GNAQ/GNA11-driven melanomas. In human UM cell lines and murine models, RasGRP3 is specifically required for GNAQ/GNA11-driven Ras activation and tumorigenesis. This implicates RasGRP3 as a critical node and a potential target in UM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda R. Moore
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA,Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Cornell University, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Leili Ran
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA,Gerstner Sloan Kettering Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Youxin Guan
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Jessica J. Sher
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Tyler D. Hitchman
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA,Gerstner Sloan Kettering Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Jenny Q. Zhang
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Catalina Hwang
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Edward G. Walzak
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Alexander N. Shoushtari
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA,Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Sébastien Monette
- Laboratory of Comparative Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, The Rockefeller University, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Rajmohan Murali
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA,Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Thomas Wiesner
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Klaus G. Griewank
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Essen, West German Cancer Center, University Duisburg-Essen and the German Cancer Consortium, Essen, Germany
| | - Ping Chi
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA,Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA,Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA,Correspondence: (P.C.), (Y.C.)
| | - Yu Chen
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA,Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA,Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA,Correspondence: (P.C.), (Y.C.)
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35
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Zhang W, Girard L, Zhang YA, Haruki T, Papari-Zareei M, Stastny V, Ghayee HK, Pacak K, Oliver TG, Minna JD, Gazdar AF. Small cell lung cancer tumors and preclinical models display heterogeneity of neuroendocrine phenotypes. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2018. [PMID: 29535911 DOI: 10.21037/tlcr.2018.02.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Background Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a deadly, high grade neuroendocrine (NE) tumor without recognized morphologic heterogeneity. However, over 30 years ago we described a SCLC subtype with "variant" morphology which did not express some NE markers and exhibited more aggressive growth. Methods To quantitate NE properties of SCLCs, we developed a 50-gene expression-based NE score that could be applied to human SCLC tumors and cell lines, and genetically engineered mouse (GEM) models. We identified high and low NE subtypes of SCLC in all of our sample types, and characterized their properties. Results We found that 16% of human SCLC tumors and 10% of SCLC cell lines were of the low NE subtype, as well as cell lines from the GEM model. High NE SCLC lines grew as non-adherent floating aggregates or spheroids while Low NE lines had morphologic features of the variant subtype and grew as loosely attached cells. While the high NE subtype expressed one of the NE lineage master transcription factors ASCL1 or NEUROD1, together with NKX2-1, the entire range of NE markers, and lacked expression of the neuronal and NE repressor REST, the low NE subtype had lost expression of most NE markers, ASCL1, NEUROD1 and NKX2-1 and expressed REST. The low NE subtype had undergone epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) and had activated the Notch, Hippo and TGFβ pathways and MYC oncogene . Importantly, the high and low NE group of SCLC lines had similar gene expression profiles as their SCLC tumor counterparts. Conclusions SCLC tumors and cell lines can exhibit distinct inter-tumor heterogeneity with respect to expression of NE features. Loss of NE expression results in major alterations in morphology, growth characteristics, and molecular properties. These findings have major clinical implications as the two subtypes are predicted to have very different responses to targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Luc Girard
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Yu-An Zhang
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Tomohiro Haruki
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Mahboubeh Papari-Zareei
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Victor Stastny
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Hans K Ghayee
- University of Florida Health and Malcom Randall VA Medical Center, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Karel Pacak
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Trudy G Oliver
- Huntsman Cancer Institute at University of Utah, Salk Lake City, UT, USA
| | - John D Minna
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Adi F Gazdar
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Department of Pathology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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36
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Suri A, Sheng X, Schuler KM, Zhong Y, Han X, Jones HM, Gehrig PA, Zhou C, Bae-Jump VL. The effect of celecoxib on tumor growth in ovarian cancer cells and a genetically engineered mouse model of serous ovarian cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 7:39582-94. [PMID: 27074576 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Our objective was to evaluate the effect of the COX-2 inhibitor, celecoxib, on (1) proliferation and apoptosis in human ovarian cancer cell lines and primary cultures of ovarian cancer cells, and (2) inhibition of tumor growth in a genetically engineered mouse model of serous ovarian cancer under obese and non-obese conditions. Celecoxib inhibited cell proliferation in three ovarian cancer cell lines and five primary cultures of human ovarian cancer after 72 hours of exposure. Treatment with celecoxib resulted in G1 cell cycle arrest, induction of apoptosis, inhibition of cellular adhesion and invasion and reduction of expression of hTERT mRNA and COX-2 protein in all of the ovarian cancer cell lines. In the KpB mice fed a high fat diet (obese) and treated with celecoxib, tumor weight decreased by 66% when compared with control animals. Among KpB mice fed a low fat diet (non-obese), tumor weight decreased by 46% after treatment with celecoxib. In the ovarian tumors from obese and non-obese KpB mice, treatment with celecoxib as compared to control resulted in decreased proliferation, increased apoptosis and reduced COX-2 and MMP9 protein expression, as assessed by immunohistochemistry. Celecoxib strongly decreased the serum level of VEGF and blood vessel density in the tumors from the KpB ovarian cancer mouse model under obese and non-obese conditions. This work suggests that celecoxib may be a novel chemotherapeutic agent for ovarian cancer prevention and treatment and be potentially beneficial in both obese and non-obese women.
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37
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Abstract
Malignant gliomas are primary tumors of the central nervous system characterized by diffuse infiltration into the brain and a high recurrence rate. Advances in comprehensive genomic studies have provided unprecedented insight into the genetic and molecular heterogeneity of these tumors and refined our understanding of their evolution from low to high grade. However, similar levels of phenotypic characterization are indispensable to understanding the complexity of malignant gliomas. Experimental glioma models have also achieved great progress in recent years. Advances in transgenic technologies and cell culture have allowed the establishment of mouse models that mirror the human disease with increasing fidelity and which support single-cell resolution for phenotypic analyses. Here we review the major types of preclinical glioma models, with an emphasis on how recent developments in experimental modeling have shed new light on two fundamental aspects of glioma phenotype, their cell of origin and their invasive potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oltea Sampetrean
- Division of Gene Regulation, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Saya
- Division of Gene Regulation, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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38
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Zhai Y, Wu R, Kuick R, Sessine MS, Schulman S, Green M, Fearon ER, Cho KR. High-grade serous carcinomas arise in the mouse oviduct via defects linked to the human disease. J Pathol 2017; 243:16-25. [PMID: 28608929 DOI: 10.1002/path.4927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have suggested that the most common and lethal type of 'ovarian' cancer, i.e. high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC), usually arises from epithelium on the fallopian tube fimbriae, and not from the ovarian surface epithelium. We have developed Ovgp1-iCreERT2 mice in which the Ovgp1 promoter controls expression of tamoxifen-regulated Cre recombinase in oviductal epithelium - the murine equivalent of human fallopian tube epithelium (FTE). We employed Ovgp1-iCreERT2 mice to show that FTE-specific inactivation of several different combinations of tumour suppressor genes that are recurrently mutated in human HGSCs - namely Brca1, Trp53, Rb1, and Nf1 - results in serous tubal intraepithelial carcinomas (STICs) that progress to HGSC or carcinosarcoma, and to widespread metastatic disease in a subset of mice. The cancer phenotype is highly penetrant and more rapid in mice carrying engineered alleles of all four tumour suppressor genes. Brca1, Trp53 and Pten inactivation in the oviduct also results in STICs and HGSCs, and is associated with diffuse epithelial hyperplasia and mucinous metaplasia, which are not observed in mice with intact Pten. Oviductal tumours arise earlier in these mice than in those with Brca1, Trp53, Rb1 and Nf1 inactivation. Tumour initiation and/or progression in mice lacking conditional Pten alleles probably require the acquisition of additional defects, a notion supported by our identification of loss of the wild-type Rb1 allele in the tumours of mice carrying only one floxed Rb1 allele. Collectively, the models closely recapitulate the heterogeneity and histological, genetic and biological features of human HGSC. These models should prove useful for studying the pathobiology and genetics of HGSC in vivo, and for testing new approaches for prevention, early detection, and treatment. Copyright © 2017 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Zhai
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Rong Wu
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Rork Kuick
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Michael S Sessine
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Stephanie Schulman
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Megan Green
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Eric R Fearon
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kathleen R Cho
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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39
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Schmohl KA, Gupta A, Grünwald GK, Trajkovic-Arsic M, Klutz K, Braren R, Schwaiger M, Nelson PJ, Ogris M, Wagner E, Siveke JT, Spitzweg C. Imaging and targeted therapy of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma using the theranostic sodium iodide symporter (NIS) gene. Oncotarget 2017; 8:33393-33404. [PMID: 28380420 PMCID: PMC5464876 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The theranostic sodium iodide symporter (NIS) gene allows detailed molecular imaging of transgene expression and application of therapeutic radionuclides. As a crucial step towards clinical application, we investigated tumor specificity and transfection efficiency of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-targeted polyplexes as systemic NIS gene delivery vehicles in an advanced genetically engineered mouse model of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) that closely reflects human disease. PDAC was induced in mice by pancreas-specific activation of constitutively active KrasG12D and deletion of Trp53. We used tumor-targeted polyplexes (LPEI-PEG-GE11/NIS) based on linear polyethylenimine, shielded by polyethylene glycol and coupled with the EGFR-specific peptide ligand GE11, to target a NIS-expressing plasmid to high EGFR-expressing PDAC. In vitro iodide uptake studies in cell explants from murine EGFR-positive and EGFR-ablated PDAC lesions demonstrated high transfection efficiency and EGFR-specificity of LPEI-PEG-GE11/NIS. In vivo 123I gamma camera imaging and three-dimensional high-resolution 124I PET showed significant tumor-specific accumulation of radioiodide after systemic LPEI-PEG-GE11/NIS injection. Administration of 131I in LPEI-PEG-GE11/NIS-treated mice resulted in significantly reduced tumor growth compared to controls as determined by magnetic resonance imaging, though survival was not significantly prolonged. This study opens the exciting prospect of NIS-mediated radionuclide imaging and therapy of PDAC after systemic non-viral NIS gene delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin A. Schmohl
- Department of Internal Medicine II and IV, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Aayush Gupta
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Geoffrey K. Grünwald
- Department of Internal Medicine II and IV, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Marija Trajkovic-Arsic
- Division of Solid Tumor Translational Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Essen and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kathrin Klutz
- Department of Internal Medicine II and IV, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Rickmer Braren
- Department of Radiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Markus Schwaiger
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Peter J. Nelson
- Clinical Biochemistry Group, Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Manfred Ogris
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Laboratory of MacroMolecular Cancer Therapeutics (MMCT), University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ernst Wagner
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy, Center for System-Based Drug Research and Center for Nanoscience, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jens T. Siveke
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Division of Solid Tumor Translational Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Essen and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christine Spitzweg
- Department of Internal Medicine II and IV, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
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Mollaoglu G, Guthrie MR, Böhm S, Brägelmann J, Can I, Ballieu PM, Marx A, George J, Heinen C, Chalishazar MD, Cheng H, Ireland AS, Denning KE, Mukhopadhyay A, Vahrenkamp JM, Berrett KC, Mosbruger TL, Wang J, Kohan JL, Salama ME, Witt BL, Peifer M, Thomas RK, Gertz J, Johnson JE, Gazdar AF, Wechsler-Reya RJ, Sos ML, Oliver TG. MYC Drives Progression of Small Cell Lung Cancer to a Variant Neuroendocrine Subtype with Vulnerability to Aurora Kinase Inhibition. Cancer Cell 2017; 31:270-285. [PMID: 28089889 PMCID: PMC5310991 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2016.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 349] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Loss of the tumor suppressors RB1 and TP53 and MYC amplification are frequent oncogenic events in small cell lung cancer (SCLC). We show that Myc expression cooperates with Rb1 and Trp53 loss in the mouse lung to promote aggressive, highly metastatic tumors, that are initially sensitive to chemotherapy followed by relapse, similar to human SCLC. Importantly, MYC drives a neuroendocrine-low "variant" subset of SCLC with high NEUROD1 expression corresponding to transcriptional profiles of human SCLC. Targeted drug screening reveals that SCLC with high MYC expression is vulnerable to Aurora kinase inhibition, which, combined with chemotherapy, strongly suppresses tumor progression and increases survival. These data identify molecular features for patient stratification and uncover a potential targeted treatment approach for MYC-driven SCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurkan Mollaoglu
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Matthew R Guthrie
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Stefanie Böhm
- Molecular Pathology, Institute for Pathology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; Department of Translational Genomics, Center of Integrated Oncology Cologne-Bonn, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Johannes Brägelmann
- Molecular Pathology, Institute for Pathology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; Department of Translational Genomics, Center of Integrated Oncology Cologne-Bonn, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Ismail Can
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Paul M Ballieu
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Annika Marx
- Molecular Pathology, Institute for Pathology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; Department of Translational Genomics, Center of Integrated Oncology Cologne-Bonn, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Julie George
- Department of Translational Genomics, Center of Integrated Oncology Cologne-Bonn, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Christine Heinen
- Department of Translational Genomics, Center of Integrated Oncology Cologne-Bonn, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Milind D Chalishazar
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Haixia Cheng
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Abbie S Ireland
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Kendall E Denning
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Anandaroop Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Jeffery M Vahrenkamp
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Kristofer C Berrett
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Timothy L Mosbruger
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Bioinformatics Shared Resource, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Jun Wang
- Tumor Initiation and Maintenance Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Jessica L Kohan
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah and ARUP Laboratories, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Mohamed E Salama
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah and ARUP Laboratories, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Benjamin L Witt
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah and ARUP Laboratories, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Martin Peifer
- Department of Translational Genomics, Center of Integrated Oncology Cologne-Bonn, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Roman K Thomas
- Department of Translational Genomics, Center of Integrated Oncology Cologne-Bonn, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Department of Pathology, University Hospital Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jason Gertz
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Jane E Johnson
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Adi F Gazdar
- Department of Pathology, Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75235, USA
| | - Robert J Wechsler-Reya
- Tumor Initiation and Maintenance Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Martin L Sos
- Molecular Pathology, Institute for Pathology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; Department of Translational Genomics, Center of Integrated Oncology Cologne-Bonn, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany.
| | - Trudy G Oliver
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
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Zhu X, Enomoto K, Zhao L, Zhu YJ, Willingham MC, Meltzer P, Qi J, Cheng SY. Bromodomain and Extraterminal Protein Inhibitor JQ1 Suppresses Thyroid Tumor Growth in a Mouse Model. Clin Cancer Res 2017; 23:430-440. [PMID: 27440272 PMCID: PMC5241246 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-16-0914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2016] [Revised: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE New therapeutic approaches are needed for patients with thyroid cancer refractory to radioiodine treatment. An inhibitor of bromodomain and extraterminal domain (BET) proteins, JQ1, shows potent antitumor effects in hematological cancers and solid tumors. To evaluate whether JQ1 is effective against thyroid cancer, we examined antitumor efficacy of JQ1 using the ThrbPV/PVKrasG12D mouse, a model of anaplastic thyroid cancer. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We treated ThrbPV/PVKrasG12D mice with vehicle or JQ1 at a dose of 50 mg/kg body weight/day starting at the age of 8 weeks for a 10-week period and monitored thyroid tumor progression. RESULTS JQ1 markedly inhibited thyroid tumor growth and prolonged survival of these mice. Global differential gene expression analysis showed that JQ1 suppressed the cMyc (hereafter referred to as Myc) transcription program by inhibiting mRNA expression of Myc, ccnd1, and other related genes. JQ1-suppressed Myc expression was accompanied by chromatin remodeling as evidenced by increased expression of histones and hexamethylene bis-acetamide inducible 1, a suppressor of RNA polymerase II transcription elongation. Analyses showed that JQ1 decreased MYC abundance in thyroid tumors and attenuated the cyclin D1-CDK4-Rb-E2F3 signaling to decrease tumor growth. Further analysis indicated that JQ1 inhibited the recruitment of BDR4 to the promoter complex of the Myc and Ccnd1 genes in rat thyroid follicular PCCL3 cells, resulting in decreased MYC expression at the mRNA and protein levels to inhibit tumor cell proliferation. CONCLUSIONS These preclinical findings suggest that BET inhibitors may be an effective agent to reduce thyroid tumor burden for the treatment of refractory thyroid cancer. Clin Cancer Res; 23(2); 430-40. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuguang Zhu
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Keisuke Enomoto
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Li Zhao
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Yuelin J Zhu
- Laboratory Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Mark C Willingham
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Paul Meltzer
- Laboratory Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jun Qi
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sheue-Yann Cheng
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland.
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42
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Bowerman CJ, Byrne JD, Chu KS, Schorzman AN, Keeler AW, Sherwood CA, Perry JL, Luft JC, Darr DB, Deal AM, Napier ME, Zamboni WC, Sharpless NE, Perou CM, DeSimone JM. Docetaxel-Loaded PLGA Nanoparticles Improve Efficacy in Taxane-Resistant Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Nano Lett 2017; 17:242-248. [PMID: 27966988 PMCID: PMC5404392 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b03971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Novel treatment strategies, including nanomedicine, are needed for improving management of triple-negative breast cancer. Patients with triple-negative breast cancer, when considered as a group, have a worse outcome after chemotherapy than patients with breast cancers of other subtypes, a finding that reflects the intrinsically adverse prognosis associated with the disease. The aim of this study was to improve the efficacy of docetaxel by incorporation into a novel nanoparticle platform for the treatment of taxane-resistant triple-negative breast cancer. Rod-shaped nanoparticles encapsulating docetaxel were fabricated using an imprint lithography based technique referred to as Particle Replication in Nonwetting Templates (PRINT). These rod-shaped PLGA-docetaxel nanoparticles were tested in the C3(1)-T-antigen (C3Tag) genetically engineered mouse model (GEMM) of breast cancer that represents the basal-like subtype of triple-negative breast cancer and is resistant to therapeutics from the taxane family. This GEMM recapitulates the genetics of the human disease and is reflective of patient outcome and, therefore, better represents the clinical impact of new therapeutics. Pharmacokinetic analysis showed that delivery of these PLGA-docetaxel nanoparticles increased docetaxel circulation time and provided similar docetaxel exposure to tumor compared to the clinical formulation of docetaxel, Taxotere. These PLGA-docetaxel nanoparticles improved tumor growth inhibition and significantly increased median survival time. This study demonstrates the potential of nanotechnology to improve the therapeutic index of chemotherapies and rescue therapeutic efficacy to treat nonresponsive cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles J. Bowerman
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27515, United States
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - James D. Byrne
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Kevin S. Chu
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Allison N. Schorzman
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Amanda W. Keeler
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Candice A. Sherwood
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Jillian L. Perry
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - James C. Luft
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - David B. Darr
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Allison M. Deal
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center Biostatistics and Clinical Data Management Core, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Mary E. Napier
- HIV Cure Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - William C. Zamboni
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- Carolina Center of Cancer Nanotechnology Excellence, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Norman E. Sharpless
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Charles M. Perou
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Joseph M. DeSimone
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27515, United States
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- Carolina Center of Cancer Nanotechnology Excellence, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27607, United States
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Boelens MC, Nethe M, Klarenbeek S, de Ruiter JR, Schut E, Bonzanni N, Zeeman AL, Wientjens E, van der Burg E, Wessels L, van Amerongen R, Jonkers J. PTEN Loss in E-Cadherin-Deficient Mouse Mammary Epithelial Cells Rescues Apoptosis and Results in Development of Classical Invasive Lobular Carcinoma. Cell Rep 2016; 16:2087-2101. [PMID: 27524621 PMCID: PMC4999419 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.07.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) is an aggressive breast cancer subtype with poor response to chemotherapy. Besides loss of E-cadherin, a hallmark of ILC, genetic inactivation of PTEN is frequently observed in patients. Through concomitant Cre-mediated inactivation of E-cadherin and PTEN in mammary epithelium, we generated a mouse model of classical ILC (CLC), the main histological ILC subtype. While loss of E-cadherin induced cell dissemination and apoptosis, additional PTEN inactivation promoted cell survival and rapid formation of invasive mammary tumors that recapitulate the histological and molecular features, estrogen receptor (ER) status, growth kinetics, metastatic behavior, and tumor microenvironment of human CLC. Combined inactivation of E-cadherin and PTEN is sufficient to cause CLC development. These CLCs showed significant tumor regression upon BEZ235-mediated inhibition of PI3K signaling. In summary, this mouse model provides important insights into CLC development and suggests inhibition of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling as a potential therapeutic strategy for targeting CLC. PTEN loss rescues apoptosis induced by E-cadherin loss in mouse mammary epithelium Combined loss of E-cadherin and PTEN is sufficient to cause mouse mammary tumors These mouse mammary tumors closely resemble human classical lobular carcinoma (CLC) Mouse CLCs induced by loss of E-cadherin and PTEN regress upon PI3K inhibition
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirjam C Boelens
- Division of Molecular Pathology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Micha Nethe
- Division of Molecular Pathology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sjoerd Klarenbeek
- Division of Molecular Pathology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Julian R de Ruiter
- Division of Molecular Pathology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Eva Schut
- Division of Molecular Pathology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Nicola Bonzanni
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Amber L Zeeman
- Section of Molecular Cytology and Van Leeuwenhoek Centre for Advanced Microscopy, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ellen Wientjens
- Division of Molecular Pathology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Eline van der Burg
- Division of Molecular Pathology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Lodewyk Wessels
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Renée van Amerongen
- Section of Molecular Cytology and Van Leeuwenhoek Centre for Advanced Microscopy, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jos Jonkers
- Division of Molecular Pathology, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Cancer Genomics Netherlands, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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44
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Zhu X, Kim DW, Zhao L, Willingham MC, Cheng SY. SAHA-induced loss of tumor suppressor Pten gene promotes thyroid carcinogenesis in a mouse model. Endocr Relat Cancer 2016; 23:521-33. [PMID: 27267120 PMCID: PMC4959547 DOI: 10.1530/erc-16-0103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid cancer is on the rise. Novel approaches are needed to improve the outcome of patients with recurrent and advanced metastatic thyroid cancers. FDA approval of suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA; vorinostat), an inhibitor of histone deacetylase, for the treatment of hematological malignancies led to the clinical trials of vorinostat for advanced thyroid cancer. However, patients were resistant to vorinostat treatment. To understand the molecular basis of resistance, we tested the efficacy of SAHA in two mouse models of metastatic follicular thyroid cancer: Thrb(PV/PV) and Thrb(PV/PV)Pten(+/-) mice. In both, thyroid cancer is driven by overactivation of PI3K-AKT signaling. However, the latter exhibit more aggressive cancer progression due to haplodeficiency of the tumor suppressor, the Pten gene. SAHA had no effects on thyroid cancer progression in Thrb(PV/PV) mice, indicative of resistance to SAHA. Unexpectedly, thyroid cancer progressed in SAHA-treated Thrb(PV/PV)Pten(+/-) mice with accelerated occurrence of vascular invasion, anaplastic foci, and lung metastasis. Molecular analyses showed further activated PI3K-AKT in thyroid tumors of SAHA-treated Thrb(PV/PV)Pten(+/-) mice, resulting in the activated effectors, p-Rb, CDK6, p21(Cip1), p-cSrc, ezrin, and matrix metalloproteinases, to increase proliferation and invasion of tumor cells. Single-molecule DNA analysis indicated that the wild-type allele of the Pten gene was progressively lost, whereas carcinogenesis progressed in SAHA-treated Thrb(PV/PV)Pten(+/-) mice. Thus, this study has uncovered a novel mechanism by which SAHA-induced loss of the tumor suppressor Pten gene to promote thyroid cancer progression. Effectors downstream of the Pten loss-induced signaling may be potential targets to overcome resistance of thyroid cancer to SAHA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuguang Zhu
- Laboratory of Molecular BiologyCenter for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Dong Wook Kim
- Laboratory of Molecular BiologyCenter for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Li Zhao
- Laboratory of Molecular BiologyCenter for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Mark C Willingham
- Laboratory of Molecular BiologyCenter for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Sheue-Yann Cheng
- Laboratory of Molecular BiologyCenter for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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45
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Lee JW, Komar CA, Bengsch F, Graham K, Beatty GL. Genetically Engineered Mouse Models of Pancreatic Cancer: The KPC Model (LSL-Kras(G12D/+) ;LSL-Trp53(R172H/+) ;Pdx-1-Cre), Its Variants, and Their Application in Immuno-oncology Drug Discovery. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 73:14.39.1-14.39.20. [PMID: 27248578 DOI: 10.1002/cpph.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) ranks fourth among cancer-related deaths in the United States. For patients with unresectable disease, treatment options are limited and lack curative potential. Preclinical mouse models of PDAC that recapitulate the biology of human pancreatic cancer offer an opportunity for the rational development of novel treatment approaches that may improve patient outcomes. With the recent success of immunotherapy for subsets of patients with solid malignancies, interest is mounting in the possible use of immunotherapy for the treatment of PDAC. Considered in this unit is the value of genetic mouse models for characterizing the immunobiology of PDAC and for investigating novel immunotherapeutics. Several variants of these models are described, all of which may be used in drug development and for providing information on unique aspects of disease biology and therapeutic responsiveness. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae W Lee
- Abramson Cancer Center; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Chad A Komar
- Abramson Cancer Center; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Fee Bengsch
- Abramson Cancer Center; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Kathleen Graham
- Abramson Cancer Center; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Gregory L Beatty
- Abramson Cancer Center; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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46
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Yang H, Zhang W, Lu S, Lu G, Zhang H, Zhuang Y, Wang Y, Dong M, Zhang Y, Zhou X, Wang P, Yu L, Wang F, Chen L. Mup-knockout mice generated through CRISPR/Cas9-mediated deletion for use in urinary protein analysis. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2016; 48:468-73. [PMID: 26851484 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmw003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Major urinary proteins (MUPs) are the most abundant protein species in mouse urine, accounting for more than 90% of total protein content. Twenty-one Mup genes and 21 pseudogenes are clustered in a region of around 2 megabase pairs (Mbp) on chromosome 4. A Mup-knockout mouse model would greatly facilitate researches in the field of proteomic analysis of mouse urine. Here, we report the successful knockout of the Mup gene cluster of 2.2 Mbp using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. Homozygous Mup-knockout mice survived to adulthood and exhibited no obvious defects. The patterns of the proteomes of non-MUP urinary proteins in homozygous Mup-knockout mice were similar to those of wild-type mice judged by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The sensitivity of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to detect non-MUP urinary protein was significantly enhanced in Mup-knockout mice. In short, we have developed a Mup-knockout mouse model. This mouse model will be useful for the research of urinary biomarker testing that may have relevance for humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixia Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Shan Lu
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Guangqing Lu
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Hongjuan Zhang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yinghua Zhuang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yue Wang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Mengqiu Dong
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, Beijing 102206, China
| | | | - Peng Wang
- Beijing Ditan Hospital, Beijing 100015, China
| | - Lei Yu
- Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Fengchao Wang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Liang Chen
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, Beijing 102206, China National Institute of Biological Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Beijing 102206, China
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Lehman HL, Stairs DB. Single and Multiple Gene Manipulations in Mouse Models of Human Cancer. Cancer Growth Metastasis 2015; 8:1-15. [PMID: 26380553 PMCID: PMC4558888 DOI: 10.4137/cgm.s21217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Revised: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mouse models of human cancer play a critical role in understanding the molecular and cellular mechanisms of tumorigenesis. Advances continue to be made in modeling human disease in a mouse, though the relevance of a mouse model often relies on how closely it is able to mimic the histologic, molecular, and physiologic characteristics of the respective human cancer. A classic use of a genetically engineered mouse in studying cancer is through the overexpression or deletion of a gene. However, the manipulation of a single gene often falls short of mimicking all the characteristics of the carcinoma in humans; thus a multiple gene approach is needed. Here we review genetic mouse models of cancers and their abilities to recapitulate human carcinoma with single versus combinatorial approaches with genes commonly involved in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather L Lehman
- Department of Pathology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Douglas B Stairs
- Department of Pathology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
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48
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Sangwan V, Banerjee S, Jensen K, Chen Z, Chugh R, Dudeja V, Vickers SM, Saluja AK. Primary and liver metastasis-derived cell lines from KrasG12D; Trp53R172H; Pdx-1 Cre animals undergo apoptosis in response to triptolide. Pancreas 2015; 44:583-9. [PMID: 25875797 PMCID: PMC4412369 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000000317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Pancreatic cancer has a 5-year survival rate of less than 5%, partly because of limited chemotherapeutic options, thereby highlighting the need for novel therapies. Triptolide, a diterpene triepoxide that was derived from a Chinese herb, has shown great promise in preclinical testing against pancreatic cancer using immunocompromised animals. RESULTS In this study, we tested the ability of triptolide to induce cell death in cell lines derived from a primary tumor and adjacent liver metastases of immunocompetent animals (Kras, Trp53, Pdx-1 Cre [KPC]). Both cell lines were more aggressive in their ability to form tumors when compared with other pancreatic cancer cell lines and showed constitutive activation of the nuclear factor κ-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells pathway. Triptolide induced apoptotic cell death in both cell lines, as evidenced by decreased cell viability as well as increased caspase 3/7 activity, annexin V positivity, and increased terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling positivity in tumors from KPC animals treated with Minnelide. In addition, triptolide decreased levels of HSP70, its transcription factor HSF1, as well as the antiapoptotic proteins Bcl-xL, Bcl-2, and Mcl-1, which are known to be up-regulated in pancreatic cancer. CONCLUSIONS The ability of triptolide to cause cell death in cell lines derived from immunocompetent animals further validates its potential as a novel agent against pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veena Sangwan
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Sulagna Banerjee
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Kelsey Jensen
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Zhiyu Chen
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Rohit Chugh
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Vikas Dudeja
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Selwyn M. Vickers
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Ashok K. Saluja
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455,Corresponding Author: Ashok K. Saluja, Ph.D., Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, , 612-624-8108 (phone), 612-614-8109 (fax)
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49
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Yamaguchi T, Ikehara S, Nakanishi H, Ikehara Y. A genetically engineered mouse model developing rapid progressive pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. J Pathol 2014; 234:228-38. [PMID: 25042889 DOI: 10.1002/path.4402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Revised: 06/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The premalignant lesions of pancreatic cancer, pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN), have a high frequency of mutations in Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homologue (KRAS), and genetic alterations in the retinoblastoma (Rb)-E2 factor (E2F) and transformed 3T3 cell double minute 2 (MDM2)-p53 pathways accelerate development of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. The viral oncoprotein SV40 large T antigen (TAg) can inhibit the effects of the Rb family of molecules and of p53 on these pathways, and targeted expression of TAg in mouse pancreas is associated with the development of endocrine or acinar cell tumours. In this study, to determine whether the viral oncoprotein promotes pancreatic duct carcinogenesis initiated by oncogenic KRAS, we generated mice expressing temperature-sensitive SV40 large T antigen (tsTAg) on pancreatic epithelial cells in the presence or absence of Kras(G12D) . Mice with pancreas-specific tsTAg expression developed acinar cell dysplasia by 22 weeks without PanIN formation, while mice expressing both tsTAg and Kras(G12D) developed highly aggressive adenocarcinoma with a ductal cell phenotype within a short period, and died within 3 weeks. The tumours resembled human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) at the histological level, and oncogenic Kras and tsTAg synergistically activated E2f and Sre transcription in established PDAC cell lines. These results suggest that tsTAg synergistically promotes Kras(G12D) -associated PDAC formation, and our study identifies a new mouse model of PDAC that may allow a better understanding of the mechanism of carcinogenesis in pancreatic carcinoma, which shows a catastrophic clinical course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Yamaguchi
- Molecular Medicine Team, Research Centre for Medical Glycoscience, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Ibaraki, Japan
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50
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Sundaram S, Le TL, Essaid L, Freemerman AJ, Huang MJ, Galanko JA, McNaughton KK, Bendt KM, Darr DB, Troester MA, Makowski L. Weight Loss Reversed Obesity-Induced HGF/c-Met Pathway and Basal-Like Breast Cancer Progression. Front Oncol 2014; 4:175. [PMID: 25072025 PMCID: PMC4085881 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2014.00175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 06/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidemiologic studies demonstrate that obesity is associated with an aggressive subtype of breast cancer called basal-like breast cancer (BBC). Using the C3(1)-TAg murine model of BBC, we previously demonstrated that mice displayed an early onset of tumors when fed obesogenic diets in the adult window of susceptibility. Obesity was also shown to elevate mammary gland expression and activation of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)/c-Met compared to lean controls, a pro-tumorigenic pathway associated with BBC in patients. Epidemiologic studies estimate that weight loss could prevent a large proportion of BBC. We sought to investigate whether weight loss in adulthood prior to tumor onset would protect mice from accelerated tumorigenesis observed in obese mice. Using a life-long model of obesity, C3(1)-TAg mice were weaned onto and maintained on an obesogenic high-fat diet. Obese mice displayed significant elevations in tumor progression, but not latency or burden. Tumor progression was significantly reversed when obese mice were induced to lose weight by switching to a control low-fat diet prior to tumor onset compared to mice maintained on obesogenic diet. We investigated the HGF/c-Met pathway known to regulate tumorigenesis. Importantly, HGF/c-Met expression in normal mammary glands and c-Met in tumors was elevated with obesity and was significantly reversed with weight loss. Changes in tumor growth could not be explained by measures of HGF action including phospho-AKT or phospho-S6. Other mediators associated with oncogenesis such as hyperinsulinemia and a high leptin:adiponectin ratio were elevated by obesity and reduced with weight loss. In sum, weight loss significantly blunted the obesity-responsive pro-tumorigenic HGF/c-Met pathway and improved several metabolic risk factors associated with BBC, which together may have contributed to the dramatic reversal of obesity-driven tumor progression. Future research aims to evaluate the role of obesity and the HGF/c-Met pathway in basal-like breast cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneha Sundaram
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health and School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, NC , USA ; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, NC , USA
| | - Trinh L Le
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health and School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, NC , USA
| | - Luma Essaid
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health and School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, NC , USA
| | - Alex J Freemerman
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health and School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, NC , USA
| | - Megan J Huang
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health and School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, NC , USA
| | - Joseph A Galanko
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, NC , USA ; UNC Nutrition Obesity Research Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, NC , USA ; Department of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, NC , USA
| | - Kirk K McNaughton
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, NC , USA
| | - Katharine M Bendt
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, NC , USA ; Mouse Phase I Unit, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, NC , USA
| | - David B Darr
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, NC , USA ; Mouse Phase I Unit, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, NC , USA
| | - Melissa A Troester
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, NC , USA ; UNC Nutrition Obesity Research Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, NC , USA ; Department of Epidemiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, NC , USA ; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, NC , USA
| | - Liza Makowski
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health and School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, NC , USA ; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, NC , USA ; UNC Nutrition Obesity Research Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, NC , USA ; Department of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, NC , USA
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