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Altamura G, Martano M, Matrone A, Corteggio A, Borzacchiello G. Monoclonal antibody cetuximab impairs matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9, epithelial-mesenchymal transition and cell migration in feline oral squamous cell carcinoma in vitro. Vet Comp Oncol 2024; 22:149-155. [PMID: 38030131 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Feline oral squamous cell carcinoma (FOSCC) is characterised by invasive and metastatic behaviour and is poorly responsive to current treatments, hence the need for new therapeutic strategies. FOSCC shares molecular targets with human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), among these the epidermal growth factor receptor. Cetuximab is an anti-epidermal growth factor receptor monoclonal antibody employed in the therapy of HNSCC and, interestingly, previous work in vitro suggested that it displays cytostatic and cytotoxic properties also against FOSCC. With the present study, we aimed at further investigating the effects of cetuximab on invasion and metastasis pathways proven to be relevant in human patients. To this purpose, FOSCC cell lines SCCF1, SCCF2 and SCCF3 were treated with cetuximab for 48/72 h and subjected to Western blot for matrix metalloproteinases-2/9 (MMP-2/9) and epithelial-mesenchymal transition markers vimentin, E-, P- and N-cadherin. Treatment with cetuximab resulted in downregulation of MMP-2/-9 in all of the three cell lines in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, cetuximab downregulated vimentin and P-cadherin in SCCF1, upregulated E-cadherin whilst downregulating P-/N-cadherins in SCCF2, and impaired P-/N-cadherins in SCCF3. An in vitro scratch test also demonstrated that cetuximab delayed cell migration in SCCF3. These data suggest that cetuximab mitigates invasion and metastasis processes by impairing MMPs and epithelial-mesenchymal transition pathways in FOSCC, indicating that this monoclonal antibody may help to counteract malignant progression and improve the management of locally invasive disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gennaro Altamura
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, General Pathology and Pathologic Anatomy Section - University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Manuela Martano
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, General Pathology and Pathologic Anatomy Section - University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Matrone
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, General Pathology and Pathologic Anatomy Section - University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Annunziata Corteggio
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC), National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Borzacchiello
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, General Pathology and Pathologic Anatomy Section - University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Massimini M, Crisi PE, Borzacchiello G, Altamura G, Della Salda L, Rinaldi V, De Bonis A, Romanucci M. Unusual tongue metastasis from lung adenocarcinoma in a cat with feline lung-digit syndrome. J Comp Pathol 2023; 207:83-86. [PMID: 37988915 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2023.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
This report describes the pathological findings in a 15-year-old spayed female Domestic Shorthaired cat with a pulmonary adenocarcinoma characterized by feline lung-digit syndrome (FLDS) and unusual tongue metastasis. Felis catus papillomavirus type 3 (FcaPV-3) DNA was amplified from the lingual sample but not from samples of the pulmonary mass or digital or splenic metastatic lesions, indicating the presence of FcaPV-3 in the oral cavity but not suggesting a role for FcaPVs in tumour pathogenesis. FLDS is a clinical entity in which primary lung tumours present because of metastatic digital lesions. In humans, tongue metastasis may be a rare initial presentation of lung cancer, whereas, to the best of our knowledge, tongue metastasis of feline tumours has not been reported. Although lingual metastases are rare, the present findings serve to remind clinicians that metastatic manifestations of primary lung tumours in cats may involve multiple extrapulmonary sites, including the tongue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcella Massimini
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Loc. Piano D'Accio S.P. 18, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Paolo E Crisi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Loc. Piano D'Accio S.P. 18, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Borzacchiello
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples 'Federico II', Via Federico Delpino 1, 80137 Naples, Italy
| | - Gennaro Altamura
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples 'Federico II', Via Federico Delpino 1, 80137 Naples, Italy
| | - Leonardo Della Salda
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Loc. Piano D'Accio S.P. 18, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Valentina Rinaldi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Loc. Piano D'Accio S.P. 18, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Andrea De Bonis
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Loc. Piano D'Accio S.P. 18, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Mariarita Romanucci
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Loc. Piano D'Accio S.P. 18, 64100 Teramo, Italy.
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Altamura G, Borzacchiello G. Feline oral squamous cell carcinoma and Felis catus papillomavirus: is it time to walk the path of human oncology? Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1148673. [PMID: 37266382 PMCID: PMC10229798 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1148673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Giuseppe Borzacchiello
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Daraban Bocaneti F, Altamura G, Corteggio A, Tanase OI, Dascalu MA, Pasca SA, Hritcu O, Mares M, Borzacchiello G. Expression of collagenases (matrix metalloproteinase-1, -8, -13) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-3 (TIMP-3) in naturally occurring bovine cutaneous fibropapillomas. Front Vet Sci 2023; 9:1072672. [PMID: 36713871 PMCID: PMC9878699 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1072672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Bovine cutaneous fibropapillomas are among the most common skin tumors in cattle; their etiology is associated with infection by bovine papillomavirus (BPV) types-1/-2 which are considered oncogenic. Degradation of the extracellular matrix (ECM), especially collagenolysis, is a key event during a series of relevant physiological processes, including tissue remodeling and repair. Various types of proteins are implicated in the regulation of ECM degradation: among these, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), a group of zinc-dependent endoenzymes, and tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases (TIMPs) are known to play a major role. Previous studies reported that aberrant expression of collagenolytic MMPs (MMP-1/-8/-13) and unbalancing between MMPs and TIMPs represent a critical step in tumor growth and invasion; however, studies regarding this topic in bovine cutaneous fibropapillomas are lacking. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of the collagenases MMP-1/-8/-13 and TIMP-3 in naturally occurring fibropapillomas harboring BPV-2 DNA and normal skin samples. Here, by immunohistochemistry and western blotting analysis, we demonstrated overexpression of MMP-8/-13 along with a down-regulation of MMP-1, associated with a decrease in TIMP-3 levels in tumor compared with normal skin samples. This is the first study describing MMP-1/-8/-13 and TIMP-3 expression in bovine cutaneous fibropapillomas and our results suggest that an impaired expression of collagenases along with an imbalance between MMPs/TIMPs may contribute to an increased collagenolytic activity, which in turn could be important in ECM changes and tumors development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florentina Daraban Bocaneti
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Iasi University of Life Sciences “Ion Ionescu de la Brad”, Iaşi, Romania,*Correspondence: Florentina Daraban Bocaneti ✉
| | - Gennaro Altamura
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - Annunziata Corteggio
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC), National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Oana Irina Tanase
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Iasi University of Life Sciences “Ion Ionescu de la Brad”, Iaşi, Romania
| | - Mihaela Anca Dascalu
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Iasi University of Life Sciences “Ion Ionescu de la Brad”, Iaşi, Romania
| | - Sorin Aurelian Pasca
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Iasi University of Life Sciences “Ion Ionescu de la Brad”, Iaşi, Romania
| | - Ozana Hritcu
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Iasi University of Life Sciences “Ion Ionescu de la Brad”, Iaşi, Romania
| | - Mihai Mares
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Iasi University of Life Sciences “Ion Ionescu de la Brad”, Iaşi, Romania
| | - Giuseppe Borzacchiello
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
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Daraban Bocaneti F, Altamura G, Corteggio A, Tanase OI, Dascalu MA, Pasca SA, Hritcu O, Mares M, Borzacchiello G. Expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs)−2/-7/-9/-14 and tissue inhibitors of MMPs (TIMPs)−1/-2 in bovine cutaneous fibropapillomas associated with BPV-2 infection. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:1063580. [DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1063580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
IntroductionBovine papillomaviruses −1/−2 (BPVs) are small non-enveloped double-stranded DNA viruses able to infect the skin of bovids and equids, causing development of neoplastic lesions such as bovine cutaneous fibropapillomas and equine sarcoid. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a group of zinc-dependent endopeptidases that degrade basal membrane and extracellular matrix, whose function is essential in physiological processes such as tissue remodeling and wound healing. MMPs activity is finely regulated by a balancing with expression of tissue inhibitors of MMPs (TIMPs), a process that is impaired during tumour development. BPV infection is associated with upregulation of MMPs and /or their unbalancing with TIMPs, contributing to local invasion and impairment of extracellular matrix remodeling in equine sarcoid; however, studies regarding this topic in bovine fibropapillomas are lacking.MethodsThe aim of this study was to perform an immunohistochemical and biochemical analysis on a panel of MMPs and TIMPs in BPV-2 positive bovine cutaneous fibropapillomas vs. normal skin samples.ResultsImmunohistochemistry revealed a cytoplasmic expression of MMP-2 (15/19), a cytoplasmic and perinuclear immunoreactivity of MMP-7 (19/19) and MMP-9 (19/19), along with a cytoplasmic and nuclear pattern of MMP-14 (16/19), accompanied by a cytoplasmic expression of TIMP-1 (14/19) and TIMP-2 (18/19) in tumour samples; western blotting revealed an overexpression of MMP-2 (8/9), MMP-7 (9/9) and MMP-9 (9/9), and a decreased level of MMP-14 (9/9), TIMP-1 (9/9) and TIMP-2 (9/9) in tumour versus normal skin samples. Moreover, gelatine zymography confirmed the expression of pro-active MMP-2 (9/9) and MMP-9 (9/9) and, most importantly, indicated the presence and increased activity of their active forms (82 and 62 kDa, respectively) in tumour samples.DiscussionThis is the first study describing MMPs and TIMPs in bovine cutaneous fibropapillomas and our results suggest that their unbalanced expression in presence of BPV-2 may play a significant role in tumour development. A further analysis of supplementary MMPs and TIMPs could bring new important insights into the papillomavirus induced tumours.
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Altamura G, Borzacchiello G. Anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody Cetuximab displays potential anti-cancer activities in feline oral squamous cell carcinoma cell lines. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:1040552. [PMID: 36467642 PMCID: PMC9712204 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1040552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Feline oral squamous cell carcinoma (FOSCC) is a malignant tumor characterized by an aggressive behavior and poor prognosis, for which no fully effective therapies are available. Studies of comparative oncology suggest that epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) may be a therapeutic target in FOSCC, similarly to human head and neck SCC (HNSCC), where the use of anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody Cetuximab has entered the clinical practice. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of Cetuximab in three validated preclinical models of FOSCC (SCCF1, SCCF2, SCCF3). Sequencing of tyrosine kinase domain of EGFR in the cell lines revealed a wild-type genotype, excluding the presence of activating mutations. Western blotting experiments demonstrated that Cetuximab inhibited activation of EGFR and its downstream kinase Akt in SCCF1, SCCF2 and SCCF3 along with HNSCC cell line CAL 27 included as control. Importantly, CCK-8 and trypan blue exclusion assays revealed that treatment with Cetuximab caused a decrease in cell proliferation and cell viability in all cell lines, with a general dose- and time-dependent trend. Cell death induced by Cetuximab was associated with cleavage of PARP, indicating occurrence of apoptosis. Taken together, our data suggest that Cetuximab exerts potential anti-cancer activities in FOSCC, paving the way for future translational studies aimed at assessing its employment in the therapy of this lethal cancer of cats.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giuseppe Borzacchiello
- General Pathology and Anatomic Pathology Section, Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Martano M, Altamura G, Power K, Liguori P, Restucci B, Borzacchiello G, Maiolino P. Beclin 1, LC3 and P62 Expression in Equine Sarcoids. Animals (Basel) 2021; 12:ani12010020. [PMID: 35011126 PMCID: PMC8749869 DOI: 10.3390/ani12010020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Equine sarcoids, caused by bovine papillomaviruses, are equine skin tumors of fibroblastic origin. It is well known that bovine papillomaviruses are able to interfere with the survival and proliferation of cells by regulating autophagy, a mechanism implicated in the breakdown and reuse of old and damaged cellular material. The present study focused on the evaluation in equine sarcoids and normal skins of the expression level of some of the main proteins involved in the autophagic pathway, such as Beclin 1, LC3 and P62, by immunohistochemical and biochemical techniques. Results obtained in equine sarcoids suggested an alteration of the autophagic process which could lead to a predominance of a particular population of fibroblast. Those fibroblasts could survive longer in a hypoxic microenvironment and produce more and/or altered collagen, giving an origin to the equine sarcoid. Abstract Background: It is well known that δ-bovine papillomaviruses (BPV-1, BPV-2 and BPV-13) are one of the major causative agents of equine sarcoids, the most common equine skin tumors. Different viruses, including papillomaviruses, evolved ingenious strategies to modulate autophagy, a complex process involved in degradation and recycling of old and damaged material. Methods: The aim of this study was to evaluate, by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and Western blot (WB) analysis, the expression of the main related autophagy proteins (Beclin 1, protein light chain 3 (LC3) and P62), in 35 BPV1/2 positive equine sarcoids and 5 BPV negative normal skin samples. Results: Sarcoid samples showed from strong-to-moderate cytoplasmic immunostaining, respectively, for Beclin 1 and P62 in >60% of neoplastic fibroblasts, while LC3 immunostaining was weak to moderate in ≤60% of neoplastic fibroblasts. Western blot analysis confirmed the specificity of the antibodies and revealed no activation of autophagic flux despite Beclin 1 overexpression in sarcoid samples. Conclusion: Results could suggest the activation of the initial phase of autophagy in equine sarcoids, and its impairment during the following steps. The impairment of autophagy could lead to a selection of a quiescent population of fibroblasts, which survive longer in a hypoxic microenvironment and produced more and/or altered collagen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Martano
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Via F. Delpino 1, 80137 Naples, Italy; (G.A.); (K.P.); (B.R.); (G.B.); (P.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-081-2536465; Fax: +39-081-2536186
| | - Gennaro Altamura
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Via F. Delpino 1, 80137 Naples, Italy; (G.A.); (K.P.); (B.R.); (G.B.); (P.M.)
| | - Karen Power
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Via F. Delpino 1, 80137 Naples, Italy; (G.A.); (K.P.); (B.R.); (G.B.); (P.M.)
| | | | - Brunella Restucci
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Via F. Delpino 1, 80137 Naples, Italy; (G.A.); (K.P.); (B.R.); (G.B.); (P.M.)
| | - Giuseppe Borzacchiello
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Via F. Delpino 1, 80137 Naples, Italy; (G.A.); (K.P.); (B.R.); (G.B.); (P.M.)
| | - Paola Maiolino
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Via F. Delpino 1, 80137 Naples, Italy; (G.A.); (K.P.); (B.R.); (G.B.); (P.M.)
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Altamura G, Degli Uberti B, Galiero G, De Luca G, Power K, Licenziato L, Maiolino P, Borzacchiello G. The Small Molecule BIBR1532 Exerts Potential Anti-cancer Activities in Preclinical Models of Feline Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Through Inhibition of Telomerase Activity and Down-Regulation of TERT. Front Vet Sci 2021; 7:620776. [PMID: 33553285 PMCID: PMC7855307 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.620776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Expression of telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) and telomerase activity (TA) is a main feature of cancer, contributing to cell immortalization by causing telomeres dysfunction. BIBR1532 is a potent telomerase inhibitor that showed potential anti-tumor activities in several types of cancer, by triggering replicative senescence and apoptosis. In a previous work, we detected, for the first time, TERT expression and TA in preclinical models of feline oral squamous cell carcinoma (FOSCC); therefore, we aimed at extending our investigation by testing the effects of treatment with BIBR1532, in order to explore the role of telomerase in this tumor and foreshadow the possibility of it being considered as a future therapeutic target. In the present study, treatment of FOSCC cell lines SCCF1, SCCF2, and SCCF3 with BIBR1532 resulted in successful inhibition of TA, with subsequent cell growth stoppage and decrease in cell viability. Molecular data showed that up-regulation of cell cycle inhibitor p21, unbalancing of Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, and down-regulation of survival gene Survivin were mostly involved in the observed cellular events. Moreover, BIBR1532 diminished the expression of TERT and its transcriptional activator cMyc, resulting in the down-regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), phospho-ERK/ERK ratio, and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs)-1/-2 and−9, likely as a consequence of an impairment of TERT extra-telomeric functions. Taken together, our data suggest that BIBR1532 exerts multiple anti-cancer activities in FOSCC by inhibiting telomerase pathway and interfering with signaling routes involved in cell proliferation, cell survival, and invasion, paving the way for future translational studies aimed at evaluating its possible employment in the treatment of this severe tumor of cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gennaro Altamura
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Giorgio Galiero
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Portici, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanna De Luca
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Portici, Naples, Italy
| | - Karen Power
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Luca Licenziato
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Paola Maiolino
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Borzacchiello
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Altamura G, Tommasino M, Borzacchiello G. Cutaneous vs. Mucosal Tropism: The Papillomavirus Paradigm Comes to an " and". Front Microbiol 2020; 11:588663. [PMID: 33162966 PMCID: PMC7591498 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.588663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gennaro Altamura
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Massimo Tommasino
- Infections and Cancer Biology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
| | - Giuseppe Borzacchiello
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Altamura G, Martano M, Licenziato L, Maiolino P, Borzacchiello G. Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase (TERT) Expression, Telomerase Activity, and Expression of Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMP)-1/-2/-9 in Feline Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cell Lines Associated With Felis catus Papillomavirus Type-2 Infection. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:148. [PMID: 32292795 PMCID: PMC7118734 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Telomerase activity contributes to cell immortalization by avoiding telomere shortening at each cell division; indeed, its catalytic subunit telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) is overexpressed in many tumors, including human oral squamous cell carcinoma (hOSCC). In these tumors, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), a group of zinc-dependent endopeptidases involved in cell migration, contribute to invasive potential of cancer cells. A proportion of hOSCC is associated with infection by high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPVs), whose E6 oncogene enhances TERT and MMPs expression, thus promoting cancer progression. Feline oral squamous cell carcinoma (FOSCC) is a malignant tumor with highly invasive phenotype; however, studies on telomerase activity, TERT, and MMPs expression are scarce. In this study, we demonstrate telomerase activity, expression of TERT, and its transcriptional activator cMyc along with expression of MMP-1, -2, and -9 in FOSCC-derived cell lines SCCF2 and SCCF3, suggesting a contribution by these pathways in cell immortalization and invasion in these tumors. Recent studies suggest that a sub-group of FOSCC as well as SCCF2 and SCCF3 are associated with Felis catus PV type-2 (FcaPV-2) infection. However, in this work, FcaPV-2 E6 gene knock-down caused no shift in either TERT, cMyc, or MMPs levels, suggesting that, unlike its human counterpart, the viral oncogene plays no role in their regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gennaro Altamura
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Manuela Martano
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Luca Licenziato
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Paola Maiolino
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Borzacchiello
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Altamura G, Cardeti G, Cersini A, Eleni C, Cocumelli C, Bartolomé Del Pino LE, Razzuoli E, Martano M, Maiolino P, Borzacchiello G. Detection of Felis catus papillomavirus type-2 DNA and viral gene expression suggest active infection in feline oral squamous cell carcinoma. Vet Comp Oncol 2020; 18:494-501. [PMID: 31989718 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Papillomavirus (PV) infection is associated with development of epithelial cancer in different species, including domestic cat (Felis catus). Felis catus PV type-2 (FcaPV-2) is considered the causative agent of a proportion of feline cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), through the transforming properties of its E6 and E7 oncogenes. However, the possible role of FcaPVs in the aetiology of feline oral SCC (FOSCC) is still unclear. The aim of this study was to assess the presence and gene expression of FcaPV-2 in FOSCC samples. We detected FcaPV-2 DNA in 10/32 (31%) of the analysed FOSCC by the use of PCR methods. Importantly, viral mRNA was detected by RT-PCR in 7/10 (70%) of DNA positive samples. In particular, FcaPV-2 L1, E2 and E6E7 genes were found to be expressed in 5/10 (50%), 3/10 (33%) and 5/10 (50%) samples, respectively. Viral DNA was also detected in non neoplastic oral ulcerative lesions (ULs) (4/11, 36%); qPCR suggested a difference in viral load between ULs and FOSCCs, particularly in those expressing E6E7, although it was not statistically significant. These data suggest, but do not definively prove, a possible role of FcaPV-2 in the development of a proportion of FOSCC. Moreover, L1 and E2 gene expression results indicate that FcaPV-2 infection associated with these tumours may possibly be productive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gennaro Altamura
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Giusy Cardeti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e della Toscana 'M. Aleandri', Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Cersini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e della Toscana 'M. Aleandri', Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Eleni
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e della Toscana 'M. Aleandri', Rome, Italy
| | - Cristiano Cocumelli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e della Toscana 'M. Aleandri', Rome, Italy
| | | | - Elisabetta Razzuoli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, National Reference Center of Veterinary and Comparative Oncology (CEROVEC), Genoa, Italy
| | - Manuela Martano
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Paola Maiolino
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Borzacchiello
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Martano M, Altamura G, Power K, Restucci B, Carella F, Borzacchiello G, Maiolino P. Evaluation of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1 Alpha (HIF-1α) in Equine Sarcoid: An Immunohistochemical and Biochemical Study. Pathogens 2020; 9:E58. [PMID: 31947661 PMCID: PMC7168668 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9010058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND equine sarcoids are the most frequent skin tumors in equidae worldwide. It is well known that delta bovine papillomaviruses are their causative agents. We have recently shown the presence in equine sarcoids of abnormal vessel structures, which could cause a hypoxic condition. The aim of this study was to analyze the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) in a subset of BPV positive equine sarcoids and explore the relationship with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression. RESULTS 80% of equine sarcoids showed strong cytoplasmic staining in >60% of neoplastic fibroblasts, while 20% of samples showed a moderate cytoplasmic staining in 40-60% of neoplastic fibroblasts for HIF-1α. Results of Western blotting (WB) were consistent with immunohistochemistry (IHC). Moreover, a positive correlation between HIF-1α and VEGF expression (r = 0.60, p < 0.01) was observed. CONCLUSION we have shown that HIF-1α was strongly expressed in equine sarcoid. The upregulation of HIF-1α has been described in numerous tumors and can be modulated by many proteins encoded by transforming viruses. Thus, it is also possible that BPV could have a relevant role in HIF-1α pathway regulation, contributing to the development of equine sarcoids by promoting HIF-1α/VEGF mediated tumor angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Martano
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, Naples University “Federico II”, Via F. Delpino 1, 80137 Naples, Italy; (G.A.); (K.P.); (B.R.); (G.B.); (P.M.)
| | - Gennaro Altamura
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, Naples University “Federico II”, Via F. Delpino 1, 80137 Naples, Italy; (G.A.); (K.P.); (B.R.); (G.B.); (P.M.)
| | - Karen Power
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, Naples University “Federico II”, Via F. Delpino 1, 80137 Naples, Italy; (G.A.); (K.P.); (B.R.); (G.B.); (P.M.)
| | - Brunella Restucci
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, Naples University “Federico II”, Via F. Delpino 1, 80137 Naples, Italy; (G.A.); (K.P.); (B.R.); (G.B.); (P.M.)
| | - Francesca Carella
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, MSA, 80126 Naples, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Borzacchiello
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, Naples University “Federico II”, Via F. Delpino 1, 80137 Naples, Italy; (G.A.); (K.P.); (B.R.); (G.B.); (P.M.)
| | - Paola Maiolino
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, Naples University “Federico II”, Via F. Delpino 1, 80137 Naples, Italy; (G.A.); (K.P.); (B.R.); (G.B.); (P.M.)
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Romanucci M, Borzacchiello G, Defourny SVP, Corvini A, Altamura G, Petrizzi L, Della Salda L. Fibroblastic sarcoid in a Grant's Zebra in Europe and its association with bovine papillomavirus type-1. J Exot Pet Med 2020. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jepm.2019.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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14
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Altamura G, Power K, Martano M, Degli Uberti B, Galiero G, De Luca G, Maiolino P, Borzacchiello G. Felis catus papillomavirus type-2 E6 binds to E6AP, promotes E6AP/p53 binding and enhances p53 proteasomal degradation. Sci Rep 2018; 8:17529. [PMID: 30510267 PMCID: PMC6277439 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35723-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
E6 from high risk human papillomaviruses (HR HPVs) promotes ubiquitination and degradation of p53 tumour suppressor by mediating its binding to ubiquitin ligase E6AP in a ternary complex, contributing to cell transformation in cervical cancer. We have previously shown that Felis catus papillomavirus type −2 (FcaPV-2) E6 is expressed in feline squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and displays the ability to bind p53 and decrease its protein levels in transfected CRFK cells. However, the mechanism of p53 downregulation has not yet been characterized. Here we show that FcaPV-2 E6 bound to E6AP, which in turn was bound by p53 exclusively in cells expressing the viral oncoprotein (CRFKE6). Furthermore, p53 was highly poly-ubiquitinated and underwent accumulation upon E6AP gene knockdown in CRFKE6. Half-life experiments and proteasome inhibition treatments indicated that down-regulation of p53 protein in CRFKE6 was due to accelerated proteasomal degradation. E6AP/p53 binding was also demonstrated in two feline SCC cell lines expressing FcaPV-2 E6, where p53 protein levels and poly-ubiquitination degree were proportional to E6 mRNA levels. The data obtained in both artificial and spontaneous in vitro models suggest that FcaPV-2 E6 degrades p53 through a molecular mechanism similar to HR HPVs, possibly contributing to the development of feline SCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gennaro Altamura
- Department of Veterinary medicine and Animal productions - University of Naples Federico II - Via Veterinaria 1, Naples, 80137, Italy
| | - Karen Power
- Department of Veterinary medicine and Animal productions - University of Naples Federico II - Via Veterinaria 1, Naples, 80137, Italy
| | - Manuela Martano
- Department of Veterinary medicine and Animal productions - University of Naples Federico II - Via Veterinaria 1, Naples, 80137, Italy
| | - Barbara Degli Uberti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Via Salute 2, Portici, Naples, 80055, Italy
| | - Giorgio Galiero
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Via Salute 2, Portici, Naples, 80055, Italy
| | - Giovanna De Luca
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Via Salute 2, Portici, Naples, 80055, Italy
| | - Paola Maiolino
- Department of Veterinary medicine and Animal productions - University of Naples Federico II - Via Veterinaria 1, Naples, 80137, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Borzacchiello
- Department of Veterinary medicine and Animal productions - University of Naples Federico II - Via Veterinaria 1, Naples, 80137, Italy.
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Altamura G, Borzacchiello G. HPV related head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: New evidences for an emerging spontaneous animal model. Oral Oncol 2018; 88:84. [PMID: 30616801 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2018.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gennaro Altamura
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Via Delpino 1, 80137 Naples, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Borzacchiello
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Via Delpino 1, 80137 Naples, Italy.
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Martano M, Power K, Restucci B, Pagano I, Altamura G, Borzacchiello G, Maiolino P. Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in equine sarcoid. BMC Vet Res 2018; 14:266. [PMID: 30176852 PMCID: PMC6122557 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-018-1576-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sarcoids are the mostcommon skin tumors in horses, characterized by rare regression, invasiveness and high recurrence following surgical intervention and Delta Papillomaviruses are widely recognized as the causative agents of the disease. In order to gain new insights into equine sarcoid development, we have evaluated, in 25 equine sarcoids, by immunohistochemistry and western blotting analysis, the expression levels of VEGF, Ki67 and bcl-2. Moreover, we have measured microvessel density and specific vessel parameters. RESULTS All sarcoid samples showed a strong and finely granular cytoplasmatic staining for VEGF in the majority (90%) of keratinocytes, sarcoid fibroblasts and endothelial cells. Numerous small blood vessels, immunostained with Von Willebrand factor, often appeared irregular in shape and without a distinct lumen, with mean values of microvessel area and perimeter lower than normal. Moreover, in all sarcoid samples, Ki67 immunoreactivity was moderately positive in 5-10% of dermal sarcoid fibroblasts, while Bcl2 immunoreactivity was detected in 52% of the sarcoid samples, with a weak staining in 20-50% of dermal sarcoid fibroblasts. Biochemical analysis was consistent with immunohistochemical results. CONCLUSIONS This study has provided evidence that in equine sarcoid: VEGF was strongly expressed; the increased number of vessels was not associated with their complete maturation, probably leading to a hypoxic condition, which could increase VEGF synthesis; the levels of sarcoid fibroblasts proliferation were very low. Concluding, VEGF may have a role in equine sarcoid development, not only through the increase of angiogenesis, but also through the control of sarcoid fibroblast activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Martano
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, Naples University “Federico II”, Via F. Delpino 1, 80137 Naples, Italy
| | - Karen Power
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, Naples University “Federico II”, Via F. Delpino 1, 80137 Naples, Italy
| | - Brunella Restucci
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, Naples University “Federico II”, Via F. Delpino 1, 80137 Naples, Italy
| | - Ilaria Pagano
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, Naples University “Federico II”, Via F. Delpino 1, 80137 Naples, Italy
| | - Gennaro Altamura
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, Naples University “Federico II”, Via F. Delpino 1, 80137 Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Borzacchiello
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, Naples University “Federico II”, Via F. Delpino 1, 80137 Naples, Italy
| | - Paola Maiolino
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, Naples University “Federico II”, Via F. Delpino 1, 80137 Naples, Italy
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Altamura G, Eleni C, Meoli R, Cardeti G, Friedrich KG, Borzacchiello G. Tongue Squamous Cell Carcinoma in a European Lynx (Lynx Lynx): Papillomavirus Infection and Histologic Analysis. Vet Sci 2018; 5:vetsci5010001. [PMID: 29301274 PMCID: PMC5876569 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci5010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a common finding in domestic and wild felids. Only two cases of oral SCC have been reported in Lynx species (Lynx rufus and Lynx canadensis), at mandibular and gingival sites. In this study, we describe the first report of tongue SCC in a 15 years old female European lynx (Lynx lynx), along with viral investigations. Necropsy and histological analysis were performed and the presence of papillomavirus (PV) infection was investigated by ultrastructural and molecular methods. The lardaceous mass at tongue level was histologically diagnosed as moderately differentiated SCC. Typical microscopical features of SCC were also found in the retropharyngeal lymph node and at the pulmonary level. Neither viral DNA by PCR, nor viral particles by transmission electron microscopy were found. Despite that PV infection is associated with Felidae, this work reports the first description of tongue SCC in Lynx species, but no evidence of PV infection, suggesting that PV may not be involved in development of SCC in bobcat species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gennaro Altamura
- Department of Veterinary medicine and Animal production, University of Naples Federico II, Via Veterinaria 1, 80137 Naples, Italy.
| | - Claudia Eleni
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e della Toscana 'M. Aleandri', Via Appia Nuova 1411, 00178 Rome, Italy.
| | - Roberta Meoli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e della Toscana 'M. Aleandri', Via Appia Nuova 1411, 00178 Rome, Italy.
| | - Giusy Cardeti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e della Toscana 'M. Aleandri', Via Appia Nuova 1411, 00178 Rome, Italy.
| | | | - Giuseppe Borzacchiello
- Department of Veterinary medicine and Animal production, University of Naples Federico II, Via Veterinaria 1, 80137 Naples, Italy.
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18
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Altamura G, Jebara G, Cardeti G, Borzacchiello G. Felis catus papillomavirus type-2 but not type-1 is detectable and transcriptionally active in the blood of healthy cats. Transbound Emerg Dis 2017; 65:497-503. [PMID: 29086505 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Papillomaviruses (PVs) are small DNA viruses that induce benign and/or malignant epithelial tumours in different species, including the domestic cat (Felis catus). To date, five F. catus papillomavirus genotypes have been identified (FcaPV-1 to FcaPV-5). FcaPV-1 is associated with skin and oral benign lesions, while FcaPV-2 infection is widely associated with feline squamous cell carcinomas. Several human and animal PVs have been found in body fluids such as peripheral blood; however, the presence of FcaPVs in non-epithelial tissues has not previously been investigated. The aim of this study was to assess the presence and gene expression of FcaPV-1 and FcaPV-2 in the blood of healthy cats. We detected FcaPV-2 DNA in 26 of 103 (25%) blood samples. Importantly, FcaPV-2 L1, E2, E6 and E7 genes were found to be expressed in 3 (25%), 11 (92%), 6 (50%) and 5 (42%) of the samples available for mRNA analysis, respectively. FcaPV-1 was not detected in any of the blood samples analysed here. The data obtained in this work suggest active and eventually productive infection of FcaPV-2 in the blood of healthy cats, implying a possible role in intra-individual spreading as well as in vertical and horizontal transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Altamura
- Department of Veterinary medicine and Animal productions, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - G Jebara
- Unit of Immunology, Environmental Microbiology and Carcinogenesis (IMEC), Science Faculty of Bizerte, University of Carthage, Bizerte, Tunisia
| | - G Cardeti
- Electron Microscopy and Special Virology Laboratory, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e della Toscana "M.Aleandri", Rome, Italy
| | - G Borzacchiello
- Department of Veterinary medicine and Animal productions, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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19
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Eleni C, Corteggio A, Altamura G, Meoli R, Cocumelli C, Rossi G, Friedrich KG, Di Cerbo P, Borzacchiello G. Detection of Papillomavirus DNA in Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Multiple Papillomas in Captive Reptiles. J Comp Pathol 2017; 157:23-26. [PMID: 28735666 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2017.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Papillomaviruses (PVs) are small, non-enveloped DNA viruses that cause mucocutaneous tumours including squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in man. In animals, evidence supports a causal role for PVs in the development of cutaneous and oral SCC in some species. In reptiles, three cases of papilloma or fibropapilloma have been associated with PV infection, but no association has been reported to date with SCC. Two cases of cutaneous epithelial tumours, multiple papillomas in a spiny-tailed lizard (Uromastyx acanthinura) and SCC in a Dumeril's boa (Acrantophis dumerili), were investigated by polymerase chain reaction. PV DNA was amplified from samples of both lesions. Typical microscopical features suggestive of PV infection (e.g. the presence of koilocytes) were observed in the lesions from the spiny-tailed lizard. This is the first report of an association between PV and SCC in reptiles. Further studies are needed to better clarify the role of PVs in these species and to characterize the PV strains involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Eleni
- Laboratory of Anatomo-histopathology, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e della Toscana 'M. Aleandri', Via Appia Nuova 1411, Rome, Italy.
| | - A Corteggio
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples 'Federico II', Via Veterinaria 1, Naples, Italy
| | - G Altamura
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples 'Federico II', Via Veterinaria 1, Naples, Italy
| | - R Meoli
- Laboratory of Anatomo-histopathology, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e della Toscana 'M. Aleandri', Via Appia Nuova 1411, Rome, Italy
| | - C Cocumelli
- Laboratory of Anatomo-histopathology, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e della Toscana 'M. Aleandri', Via Appia Nuova 1411, Rome, Italy
| | - G Rossi
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Circonvallazione 93/95, Matelica, Italy
| | - K G Friedrich
- Fondazione Bioparco di Roma, Viale del Giardino Zoologico 20, Rome, Italy
| | - P Di Cerbo
- Fondazione Bioparco di Roma, Viale del Giardino Zoologico 20, Rome, Italy
| | - G Borzacchiello
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples 'Federico II', Via Veterinaria 1, Naples, Italy
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20
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Hainisch EK, Abel-Reichwald H, Shafti-Keramat S, Pratscher B, Corteggio A, Borzacchiello G, Wetzig M, Jindra C, Tichy A, Kirnbauer R, Brandt S. Potential of a BPV1 L1 VLP vaccine to prevent BPV1- or BPV2-induced pseudo-sarcoid formation and safety and immunogenicity of EcPV2 L1 VLPs in horse. J Gen Virol 2017; 98:230-241. [PMID: 28284277 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.000673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
We have previously shown that immunization of horses with bovine papillomavirus type 1 (BPV1) L1 virus-like particles (VLPs) is safe and highly immunogenic and that BPV1 and bovine papillomavirus type 2 (BPV2) are closely related serotypes. Here we evaluated the protective potential of a BPV1 L1 VLP vaccine against experimental BPV1 and BPV2 challenge and studied the safety and immunogenicity of a bivalent equine papillomavirus type 2 (EcPV2)/BPV1 L1 VLP vaccine. Fourteen healthy horses were immunized with BPV1 L1 VLPs (100 µg per injection) plus adjuvant on days 0 and 28, while seven remained unvaccinated. On day 42, all 21 horses were challenged intradermally at 10 sites of the neck with 107 BPV1 virions per injection. In analogy, 14 horses immunized twice with EcPV2 plus BPV1 L1 VLPs (50 µg each) and seven control animals were challenged with 107 BPV2 virions per injection. Immunization with BPV1 L1 VLPs alone induced a robust antibody response (day 42 median titre: 12 800), and BPV1-inoculated skin remained unchanged in 13/14 vaccinated horses. Immunization with the bivalent vaccine was safe, resulted in lower median day 42 antibody titres of 400 for BPV1 and 1600 for EcPV2 and conferred significant yet incomplete cross-protection from BPV2-induced tumour formation, with 11/14 horses developing small, short-lived papules. Control horses developed pseudo-sarcoids at all inoculation sites. The monovalent BPV1 L1 VLP vaccine proved highly effective in protecting horses from BPV1-induced pseudo-sarcoid formation. Incomplete protection from BPV2-induced tumour development conferred by the bivalent vaccine is due to the poorer immune response by immune interference or lower cross-neutralization titres to heterologous BPV2 virions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edmund K Hainisch
- Large Animal Surgery and Orthopaedics, Equine Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria.,Research Group Oncology, Equine Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hans Abel-Reichwald
- Research Group Oncology, Equine Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Saeed Shafti-Keramat
- Laboratory of Viral Oncology, Division of Immunology, Allergy and Infectious Disease, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Pratscher
- Research Group Oncology, Equine Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Annunziata Corteggio
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council of Italy, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Borzacchiello
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Wetzig
- Research Group Oncology, Equine Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Jindra
- Research Group Oncology, Equine Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander Tichy
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Platform, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Reinhard Kirnbauer
- Laboratory of Viral Oncology, Division of Immunology, Allergy and Infectious Disease, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sabine Brandt
- Research Group Oncology, Equine Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
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Abel-Reichwald H, Hainisch EK, Zahalka S, Corteggio A, Borzacchiello G, Massa B, Merlone L, Nasir L, Burden F, Brandt S. Epidemiologic analysis of a sarcoid outbreak involving 12 of 111 donkeys in Northern Italy. Vet Microbiol 2016; 196:85-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2016.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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22
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Altamura G, Corteggio A, Pacini L, Conte A, Pierantoni GM, Tommasino M, Accardi R, Borzacchiello G. Transforming properties of Felis catus papillomavirus type 2 E6 and E7 putative oncogenes in vitro and their transcriptional activity in feline squamous cell carcinoma in vivo. Virology 2016; 496:1-8. [PMID: 27236740 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2016.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Revised: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Felis catus papillomavirus type 2 (FcaPV2) DNA is found in feline cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs); however, its biological properties are still uncharacterized. In this study, we successfully expressed FcaPV2 E6 and E7 putative oncogenes in feline epithelial cells and demonstrated that FcaPV2 E6 binds to p53, impairing its protein level. In addition, E6 and E7 inhibited ultraviolet B (UVB)-triggered accumulation of p53, p21 and pro-apoptotic markers such as Cleaved Caspase3, Bax and Bak, suggesting a synergistic action of the virus with UV exposure in tumour pathogenesis. Furthermore, FcaPV2 E7 bound to feline pRb and impaired pRb levels, resulting in upregulation of the downstream pro-proliferative genes Cyclin A and Cdc2. Importantly, we demonstrated mRNA expression of FcaPV2 E2, E6 and E7 in feline SCC samples, strengthening the hypothesis of a causative role in the development of feline SCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gennaro Altamura
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, General Pathology and Pathological Anatomy Unit, University of Naples Federico II, Via Delpino 1, 80137 Naples, Italy.
| | - Annunziata Corteggio
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, General Pathology and Pathological Anatomy Unit, University of Naples Federico II, Via Delpino 1, 80137 Naples, Italy.
| | - Laura Pacini
- Infections and Cancer Biology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 150 Cours Albert Thomas, 69372 Lyon, France.
| | - Andrea Conte
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Giovanna Maria Pierantoni
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Massimo Tommasino
- Infections and Cancer Biology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 150 Cours Albert Thomas, 69372 Lyon, France.
| | - Rosita Accardi
- Infections and Cancer Biology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 150 Cours Albert Thomas, 69372 Lyon, France.
| | - Giuseppe Borzacchiello
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, General Pathology and Pathological Anatomy Unit, University of Naples Federico II, Via Delpino 1, 80137 Naples, Italy.
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24
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Borzacchiello G. Book Review: Papillomavirus Research: From Natural History to Vaccines and Beyond. Vet Pathol 2016. [DOI: 10.1354/vp.43-6-1043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G. Borzacchiello
- Department of Pathology and Animal Health School of Veterinary Medicine Napoli, Italy
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Russo V, Roperto F, Esposito I, Ceccarelli DM, Zizzo N, Leonardi L, Capparelli R, Borzacchiello G, Roperto S. ERas protein is overexpressed and binds to the activated platelet-derived growth factor β receptor in bovine urothelial tumour cells associated with papillomavirus infection. Vet J 2016; 212:44-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2016.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Revised: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/03/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Martano M, Corteggio A, Restucci B, De Biase ME, Borzacchiello G, Maiolino P. Extracellular matrix remodeling in equine sarcoid: an immunohistochemical and molecular study. BMC Vet Res 2016; 12:24. [PMID: 26838095 PMCID: PMC4736642 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-016-0648-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Equine sarcoids are locally invasive, fibroblastic benign skin tumors. Bovine papillomavirus type-1 (BPV-1) and/or Bovine papillomavirus type-2 (BPV-2) are believed to be the causative agent of sarcoids, although the mechanisms by which the virus induce the tumor are still poorly understood. We hypothesized that in genetically predisposed equines latent BPV infection may be reactivated by immunosoppression and/or mechanical injury leading to a form of pathologic wound which may transform into a sarcoid. In this study, we investigated in 25 equine sarcoids and in five normal skin samples the histological features and evaluated the immunohistochemical and molecular expression of type I and type III Collagen, vimentin (VIM), alfa Smooth Muscle Actin (α-SMA), Matrix Metalloproteinase (MMPs) -2, 9, 14 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 2 (TIMP-2). RESULTS In 64% of investigated sarcoids, type I collagen staining was stronger than that of type III collagen. In 80% of sarcoids, SFs were strongly positive for vimentin and negative for α-SMA; the remaining sarcoid samples (20%) showed 70-80% of SFs labeled for vim and approximately 20-30% labeled for α-SMA. Moreover, all sarcoid specimen showed a variable staining pattern (weak to moderate) for MMP-9 and MMP-14, and a moderate to strong staining for MMP-2 and TIMP-2. Biochemical analysis confirmed immunohistochemical results and showed in sarcoids, for the first time, the cleaved form of MMP9, the 35 KDa active species for MMP-9. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed that in equine sarcoids exhibit an altered turnover of the Extracellular Matrix (ECM) deposition and degradation, as result of an altered expression of MMPs and TIMPs. Therefore, these observations seem to confirm that the basic mechanism for growth of equine sarcoids could be a neoplastic transformation during wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Martano
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, Naples University "Federico II", Via F. Delpino 1, 80137, Naples, Italy.
| | - Annunziata Corteggio
- Present Address: Institute of Protein Biochemistry (IBP) National Research Council (CNR), Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131, Naples, Italy.
| | - Brunella Restucci
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, Naples University "Federico II", Via F. Delpino 1, 80137, Naples, Italy.
| | - Maria Ester De Biase
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, Naples University "Federico II", Via F. Delpino 1, 80137, Naples, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Borzacchiello
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, Naples University "Federico II", Via F. Delpino 1, 80137, Naples, Italy.
| | - Paola Maiolino
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, Naples University "Federico II", Via F. Delpino 1, 80137, Naples, Italy.
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Bocaneti F, Altamura G, Corteggio A, Solcan C, Velescu E, Borzacchiello G. Expression of Cyclooxygenase-2 in naturally occurring bovine cutaneous fibropapillomas. Pol J Vet Sci 2015; 18:655-8. [PMID: 26618600 DOI: 10.1515/pjvs-2015-0084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Bovine cutaneous fibropapillomas are benign skin tumours characterized by epithelial and dermal proliferation and induced by Bovine papillomaviruses (BPVs). Cyclooxygenase (COX) 1 and 2 are enzymes involved in pathological conditions, such as inflammation and epithelial carcinogenesis. Here we investigated biochemically and immunohistochemically COX-2 expression in bovine cutaneous fibropapillomas. Eight of twelve fibropapillomas (67%) showed COX-2 positive immunosignal mostly in the cytoplasm of the basal cell layer, while the normal skin did not stain. Biochemical analysis confirmed the expression of COX-2 in tumour samples. This study shows COX-2 expression in cutaneous fibropapillomas, suggesting a contribution in epithelial tumour development.
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Bocaneti F, Altamura G, Corteggio A, Velescu E, Borzacchiello G. Expression of bcl-2 and p53 in bovine cutaneous fibropapillomas. Infect Agent Cancer 2015; 10:2. [PMID: 25601891 PMCID: PMC4298047 DOI: 10.1186/1750-9378-10-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bovine cutaneous fibropapillomas are benign hyperproliferative lesions induced by Bovine Papillomaviruses (BPVs). Bcl-2 is an important anti-apoptotic protein which is expressed in several cancer types. In contrary, p53 is a tumour suppressor protein that mediates cell cycle arrest, apoptosis and senescence in response to cellular stresses. FINDINGS Here, we investigated immunohistochemically and biochemically, the expression of bcl-2 and p53 in a subset of BPV positive fibropapillomas and bovine normal skin. Normal skin samples showed a weak signal for both proteins in the cytoplasm of the basal cells. Nine out of twelve (75%) tumour samples stained positive for bcl-2 throughout basal and parabasal layers, with most of cells showing strong cytoplasmic immunoreactivity. Nine out of twelve (75%) fibropapillomas were found to be positive for p53 expression, showing a strong cytoplasmic and perinuclear staining of p53 protein mainly in the basal and parabasal layers. CONCLUSIONS Our data reveal an altered bcl-2 and p53 immunoreactivity in bovine cutaneous fibropapillomas, suggesting involvement of these two proteins in the cutaneous neoplastic transformation through an impaired apoptotic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florentina Bocaneti
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agriculture Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Ion Ionescu de la, Brad, Iasi, Romania
| | - Gennaro Altamura
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Via F. Delpino, 1, 80137 Napoli, Italy
| | - Annunziata Corteggio
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Via F. Delpino, 1, 80137 Napoli, Italy
| | - Elena Velescu
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agriculture Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Ion Ionescu de la, Brad, Iasi, Romania
| | - Giuseppe Borzacchiello
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Via F. Delpino, 1, 80137 Napoli, Italy
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Trewby H, Ayele G, Borzacchiello G, Brandt S, Campo MS, Del Fava C, Marais J, Leonardi L, Vanselow B, Biek R, Nasir L. Analysis of the long control region of bovine papillomavirus type 1 associated with sarcoids in equine hosts indicates multiple cross-species transmission events and phylogeographical structure. J Gen Virol 2014; 95:2748-2756. [PMID: 25185436 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.066589-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Papillomaviruses are a family of slowly evolving DNA viruses and their evolution is commonly linked to that of their host species. However, whilst bovine papillomavirus-1 (BPV-1) primarily causes warts in its natural host, the cow, it can also cause locally aggressive and invasive skin tumours in equids, known as sarcoids, and thus provides a rare contemporary example of cross-species transmission of a papillomavirus. Here, we describe the first phylogenetic analysis of BPV-1 in equine sarcoids to our knowledge, allowing us to explore the evolutionary history of BPV-1 and investigate its cross-species association with equids. A phylogenetic analysis of the BPV-1 transcriptional promoter region (the long control region or LCR) was conducted on 15 bovine and 116 equine samples from four continents. Incorporating previous estimates for evolutionary rates in papillomavirus implied that the genetic diversity in the LCR variants was ancient and predated domestication of both equids and cattle. The phylogeny demonstrated geographical segregation into an ancestral group (African, South American and Australian samples), and a more recently derived, largely European clade. Whilst our data are consistent with BPV-1 originating in cattle, we found evidence of multiple, probably relatively recent, cross-species transmission events into horses. We also demonstrated the high prevalence of one particular sequence variant (variant 20), and suggest this may indicate that this variant shows a fitness advantage in equids. Although strong host specificity remains the norm in papillomaviruses, our results demonstrate that exceptions to this rule exist and can become epidemiologically relevant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Trewby
- Boyd Orr Centre for Population and Ecosystem Health, Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Gizachew Ayele
- Addis Ababa University, College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Ethiopia
| | - Giuseppe Borzacchiello
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Italy
| | - Sabine Brandt
- Research Oncology Group, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - M Saveria Campo
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | | | - Leonardo Leonardi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Barbara Vanselow
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, UNE, Armidale, NSW, Australia University of New England, Australia
| | - Roman Biek
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Boyd Orr Centre for Population and Ecosystem Health, Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Lubna Nasir
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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Borzacchiello G, Altamura G. [Animal tumour registry: limitations and potentials]. Epidemiol Prev 2014; 38:278. [PMID: 25387734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
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Bocaneti F, Altamura G, Corteggio A, Solcan C, Velescu E, Borzacchiello G. Expression of cyclooxygenase-2 in naturally occurring bovine cutaneous fibropapillomas. J Biotechnol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2014.07.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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32
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Zaccaroni A, Corteggio A, Altamura G, Silvi M, Di Vaia R, Formigaro C, Borzacchiello G. Elements levels in dogs from "triangle of death" and different areas of Campania region (Italy). Chemosphere 2014; 108:62-69. [PMID: 24875913 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2013] [Revised: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 03/08/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In the last twenty years, many concerns have raised in Campania region (Southern Italy) about illegal waste dumping and toxic waste and their possible adverse effects on health. Many human activities are considered to be important sources of environmental pollutants, elements among them. In this study, pet dogs were enrolled as environmental sentinels from three different areas of Campania, with a different degree of pollution, evaluating elements in blood and hair. The obtained data indicated that dogs from less polluted area were exposed to a hot spot of pollution, as only animals from one city (Sessa Aurunca) presented elements concentrations very close to toxic levels. When excluding these animals, the area proved to be the less contaminated. The present report confirm the higher degree of pollution of the most industrialized areas, and a certain concern originates from Cr, Ni and As, which are present as levels well above toxic thresholds. These data are indicative of a reduced pollution of the areas considered by Cd and Pb, but arise concern for Hg, As, Cr and Ni, which reach concentrations high enough to impact dogs and humans health, in term of acute (in the city of Sessa Aurunca) and chronic toxicity (i.e. reproduction impairment, endocrine disruption, immunosuppression). Additional studies are necessary to better define not only the precise distribution of hot spots of pollution, but also the real impact of such an exposure on the health of dogs, in term of endocrine balance and/or immune system activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Zaccaroni
- Department Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Viale Vespucci 2, 47042 Cesenatico, FC, Italy.
| | - Annunziata Corteggio
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Via Veterinaria, 1, 80137 Napoli, Italy
| | - Gennaro Altamura
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Via Veterinaria, 1, 80137 Napoli, Italy
| | - Marina Silvi
- Department Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Viale Vespucci 2, 47042 Cesenatico, FC, Italy
| | | | - Costanza Formigaro
- Department Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Viale Vespucci 2, 47042 Cesenatico, FC, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Borzacchiello
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Via Veterinaria, 1, 80137 Napoli, Italy
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Bocaneti F, Altamura G, Corteggio A, Velescu E, Roperto F, Borzacchiello G. Bovine Papillomavirus: New Insights into an Old Disease. Transbound Emerg Dis 2014; 63:14-23. [PMID: 24661978 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Bovine papillomaviruses (BPVs) are small DNA tumoral viruses able to induce benign cutaneous and/or mucosal epithelial lesions. Generally, the benign tumours affecting the skin or mucosa spontaneously regress, but under special circumstances, the defence system may be overwhelmed, thus leading to cancer, especially in the presence of immunosuppressant and mutagen agents from bracken fern. To date, thirteen different BPV genotypes have been associated with skin and mucosal tumours in cattle, and out of these, only four types (BPV-1, -2, -5 and -13) cross-infect other species. Recent investigations in vivo have revealed new insights into the epidemiology and pathogenesis of this viral infection. This review briefly discusses viral epidemiology, will give data on BPV genome structure and viral genes and will describe the cellular events and new aspects of both cutaneous and mucosal tumours in large ruminants. Finally, some aspects of active immunization will be described.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Bocaneti
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agriculture Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iasi, Romania
| | - G Altamura
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - A Corteggio
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - E Velescu
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agriculture Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iasi, Romania
| | - F Roperto
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - G Borzacchiello
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy
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Roperto S, Russo V, Borzacchiello G, Urraro C, Lucà R, Esposito I, Riccardi MG, Raso C, Gaspari M, Ceccarelli DM, Galasso R, Roperto F. Bovine papillomavirus type 2 (BPV-2) E5 oncoprotein binds to the subunit D of the V₁-ATPase proton pump in naturally occurring urothelial tumors of the urinary bladder of cattle. PLoS One 2014; 9:e88860. [PMID: 24586417 PMCID: PMC3933332 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2013] [Accepted: 01/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Active infection by bovine papillomavirus type 2 (BPV-2) was documented for fifteen urinary bladder tumors in cattle. Two were diagnosed as papillary urothelial neoplasm of low malignant potential (PUNLMP), nine as papillary and four as invasive urothelial cancers. Methods and Findings In all cancer samples, PCR analysis revealed a BPV-2-specific 503 bp DNA fragment. E5 protein, the major oncoprotein of the virus, was shown both by immunoprecipitation and immunohistochemical analysis. E5 was found to bind to the activated (phosphorylated) form of the platelet derived growth factor β receptor. PDGFβR immunoprecipitation from bladder tumor samples and from normal bladder tissue used as control revealed a protein band which was present in the pull-down from bladder cancer samples only. The protein was identified with mass spectrometry as “V1-ATPase subunit D”, a component of the central stalk of the V1-ATPase vacuolar pump. The subunit D was confirmed in this complex by coimmunoprecipitation investigations and it was found to colocalize with the receptor. The subunit D was also shown to be overexpressed by Western blot, RT-PCR and immunofluorescence analyses. Immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence also revealed that E5 oncoprotein was bound to the subunit D. Conclusion For the first time, a tri-component complex composed of E5/PDGFβR/subunit D has been documented in vivo. Previous in vitro studies have shown that the BPV-2 E5 oncoprotein binds to the proteolipid c ring of the V0-ATPase sector. We suggest that the E5/PDGFβR/subunit D complex may perturb proteostasis, organelle and cytosol homeostasis, which can result in altered protein degradation and in autophagic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sante Roperto
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Produzioni Animali, Settore Malattie Infettive, Università di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italia
- * E-mail:
| | - Valeria Russo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Produzioni Animali, Settore Patologia Generale, Università di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italia
| | - Giuseppe Borzacchiello
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Produzioni Animali, Settore Patologia Generale, Università di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italia
| | - Chiara Urraro
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Produzioni Animali, Settore Patologia Generale, Università di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italia
| | - Roberta Lucà
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Produzioni Animali, Settore Patologia Generale, Università di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italia
| | - Iolanda Esposito
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Produzioni Animali, Settore Patologia Generale, Università di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italia
| | - Marita Georgia Riccardi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Produzioni Animali, Settore Patologia Generale, Università di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italia
| | - Cinzia Raso
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Produzioni Animali, Settore Patologia Generale, Università di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italia
| | - Marco Gaspari
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, Università di Catanzaro “Magna Graecia”, Catanzaro, Italia
| | - Dora Maria Ceccarelli
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Produzioni Animali, Settore Patologia Generale, Università di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italia
| | - Rocco Galasso
- Unit of clinical epidemiology, biostatistic and cancer registry, IRCCS CROB, Rionero in Vulture (Potenza), Italia
| | - Franco Roperto
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italia
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Cotugno R, Gallotta D, d'Avenia M, Corteggio A, Altamura G, Roperto F, Belisario MA, Borzacchiello G. BAG3 protects bovine papillomavirus type 1-transformed equine fibroblasts against pro-death signals. Vet Res 2013; 44:61. [PMID: 23876161 PMCID: PMC3729419 DOI: 10.1186/1297-9716-44-61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Accepted: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In human cancer cells, BAG3 protein is known to sustain cell survival. Here, for the first time, we demonstrate the expression of BAG3 protein both in equine sarcoids in vivo and in EqS04b cells, a sarcoid-derived fully transformed cell line harbouring bovine papilloma virus (BPV)-1 genome. Evidence of a possible involvement of BAG3 in equine sarcoid carcinogenesis was obtained by immunohistochemistry analysis of tumour samples. We found that most tumour samples stained positive for BAG3, even though to a different grade, while normal dermal fibroblasts from healthy horses displayed very weak staining pattern for BAG3 expression. By siRNA technology, we demonstrate in EqS04b the role of BAG3 in counteracting basal as well as chemical-triggered pro-death signals. BAG3 down-modulation was indeed shown to promote cell death and cell cycle arrest in G0/G1. In addition, we found that BAG3 silencing sensitized EqS04b cells to phenethylisothiocyanate (PEITC), a promising cancer chemopreventive/chemotherapeutic agent present in edible cruciferous vegetables. Notably, such a pro-survival role of BAG3 was less marked in E. Derm cells, an equine BPV-negative fibroblast cell line taken as a normal counterpart. Altogether our findings might suggest a mutual cooperation between BAG3 and viral oncoproteins to sustain cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Cotugno
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II n,132, 84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy.
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Veneziano V, Di Loria A, Paciello O, Borzacchiello G, de Biase D, Guccione J, Piantedosi D, Santoro D. Pour-on alphacypermethrin is an effective treatment for natural Werneckiella equi infection in donkeys (Equus asinus). Vet Dermatol 2013; 24:556-7. [PMID: 23826989 DOI: 10.1111/vde.12051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Veneziano
- Department of Pathology and Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, 80137, Naples, Italy
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Borzacchiello G. Bovine papillomavirus on the scene of crime: is E5 oncogene the only guilty party? Infect Agent Cancer 2013; 8:26. [PMID: 23829702 PMCID: PMC3704702 DOI: 10.1186/1750-9378-8-26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine papillomaviruses (BPVs) induce hyperplastic and tumoral lesions not only in cows but also in other different animal species. The transforming activity of BPVs is due to its major E5 oncogene. Recent studies have highlighted the role of E5 in cancer development but very little is known about E6 and E7 oncogenes. In this letter we argue for the need of investigating E6 as well as E7 to better understand the role of these two oncogenes during carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Borzacchiello
- Department of Veterinary medicine and Animal productions, University of Naples Federico II, Via F, Delpino, 1-80137, Naples, Italy.
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Bocaneti F, Altamura G, Corteggio A, Velescu E, Borzacchiello G. Proliferative index evaluated by immunohistochemistry in bovine cutaneous fibropapillomas. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2013.05.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Corteggio A, Altamura G, Roperto F, Borzacchiello G. Bovine papillomavirus E5 and E7 oncoproteins in naturally occurring tumors: are two better than one? Infect Agent Cancer 2013; 8:1. [PMID: 23302179 PMCID: PMC3562249 DOI: 10.1186/1750-9378-8-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2012] [Accepted: 01/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine papillomaviruses (BPVs) are oncogenic DNA viruses, which mainly induce benign lesions of cutaneous and/or mucosal epithelia in cattle. Thirteen (BPV 1-13) different viral genotypes have been characterized so far. BPVs are usually species-specific but BPV 1/2 may also infect equids as well as buffaloes and bison and cause tumors in these species. BPV-induced benign lesions usually regress, however occasionally they develop into cancer particularly in the presence of environmental carcinogenic co-factors. The major transforming protein of BPV is E5, a very short hydrophobic, transmembrane protein with many oncogenic activities. E5 contributes to cell transformation through the activation of the cellular β receptor for the platelet-derived growth factor (PDGFβ-r), it also decreases cell surface expression of major histocompatibility complex class I (MHCI) causing viral escape from immunosurveillance, and plays a role in the inhibition of the intracellular communication by means of aberrant connexin expression. E7 is considered as a weak transforming gene, it synergies with E5 in cell transformation during cancer development. E7 expression correlates in vivo with the over-expression of β1-integrin, which plays a role in the regulation of keratinocytes proliferation and differentiation. Additionally, E7 is involved in cell-mediated immune responses leading to tumour rejection, in anoikis process by direct binding to p600, and in invasion process by upregulation of Matrix metalloproteinase1 (MMP-1) expression. Studies on the role of BPV E5 and E7 oncoproteins in naturally occurring tumours are of scientific value, as they may shed new light on the biological role of these two oncogenes in cell transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annunziata Corteggio
- Department of Pathology and Animal Health, University of Naples Federico II, Via Veterinaria, Napoli 1 80137, Italy.
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Roperto S, Paciello O, Borzacchiello G, Esposito I, Riccardi M, Lucà R, Urraro C, Ceccarelli D, Russo V, Roperto F. Is BAG-3 Protein Involved in Autophagic Mechanisms in Papillomavirus-associated Urothelial Tumours in Cattle? J Comp Pathol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2012.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Silva MAR, Silva KMG, Jesus ALS, Barros LO, Corteggio A, Altamura G, Borzacchiello G, Freitas AC. The presence and gene expression of bovine papillomavirus in the peripheral blood and semen of healthy horses. Transbound Emerg Dis 2012; 61:329-33. [PMID: 23210736 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Papillomavirus (PV) are double-stranded DNA viruses that can cause both benignant and malignant tumours in mammals. Twelve genotypes of bovine papillomavirus (BPV1-12) have been identified so far. The presence of BPV1 and 2 has been found in the body fluids of cattle and horses. The aim of this study is to investigate the presence of BPV DNA and the expression of viral genes in the blood and sperm cells of healthy horses using PCR and RT-PCR. BPV-1 or 2 was detected in 14 of 70 blood samples (20%) and in 11 of 31 semen samples (35%). In five of fourteen blood samples, the E5 expression tested positive, while no blood sample was positive for L1 expression. Four of 11 (36%) semen cell samples proved to be positive for E5 expression, while no gene expression in L1 could be detected. This is the first study that shows BPV1 gene expression in the blood and semen of healthy horses. Our data illustrate the need for a better understanding of the presence of BPV in non-epithelial tissues of horses and their role in the vertical and horizontal transmission of these viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A R Silva
- Department of Genetics, Center for Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
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Altamura G, Strazzullo M, Corteggio A, Francioso R, Roperto F, D'Esposito M, Borzacchiello G. O(6)-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase in equine sarcoids: molecular and epigenetic analysis. BMC Vet Res 2012; 8:218. [PMID: 23140380 PMCID: PMC3512464 DOI: 10.1186/1746-6148-8-218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2012] [Accepted: 11/06/2012] [Indexed: 05/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Bovine papillomaviruses (BPVs) types 1 and 2 are the only known papillomaviruses able to jump the species. In fact, BPVs 1/2 induce neoplasia in their natural bovine host but infection is also associated to neoplastic skin lesions in equids termed sarcoids. The equine sarcoid is considered to be the most common equine cutaneous tumour worldwide for which no effective therapy is available. Very little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying tumourigenesis, although genes contributing to sarcoid development have been identified. Several studies associate the development of cancer to the loss of function of a number of oncosuppressor genes. In this study the putative role of O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltrasferase (MGMT) was investigated for sarcoids. The expression of the oncosuppressor protein was assessed in normal and sarcoid cells and tissues. In addition, the DNA methylation profile was analysed to assess the role of epigenetic mechanism in regulation of MGMT expression. Results A group of 15 equine sarcoids and two primary sarcoid cell lines (fibroblasts) were analyzed for the expression of MGMT protein by immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence and Western blotting techniques. The sarcoid cell line EqSO4b and the tumour samples showed a reduction or absence of MGMT expression. To investigate the causes of deregulated MGMT expression, ten samples were analyzed for the DNA methylation profile of the CpG island associated to the MGMT promoter. The analysis of 73 CpGs encompassing the region of interest showed in 1 out of 10 (10%) sarcoids a pronouncedly altered methylation profile when compared to the control epidermal sample. Similarily the EqSO4b cell line showed an altered MGMT methylation pattern in comparison to normal fibroblasts. Conclusion As previously demonstrated for the oncosuppressor gene FHIT, analysis of MGMT expression in sarcoid tissues and a sarcoid-derived fibroblast cell line further suggests that oncosuppressor silencing may be also involved in BPV-induced equine tumours. Abnormal DNA methylation seems to be one of the possible molecular mechanisms involved in the alteration of MGMT expression. Further studies are required to address other basic molecular mechanisms involved in reduced MGMT expression. This study underlines the possible role of DNA methylation in oncosuppressor inactivation in equine sarcoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gennaro Altamura
- Department of Pathology and Animal health, University of Naples Federico II, Via Veterinaria, 1-80137, Napoli, Italy
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Bocaneti F, Altamura G, Corteggio A, Martano M, Roperto F, Velescu E, Borzacchiello G. Expression of platelet derived growth factor β receptor, its activation and downstream signals in bovine cutaneous fibropapillomas. Res Vet Sci 2012; 94:596-601. [PMID: 23122810 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2012.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2012] [Revised: 10/01/2012] [Accepted: 10/15/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Bovine cutaneous fibropapillomas are benign skin tumours formed by proliferation of epidermal keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts caused by bovine papillomaviruses (BPVs). BPV E5 oncoprotein plays a key role in neoplastic cell transformation by specifically binding to the platelet derived growth factor beta receptor (PDGFβR) causing its phosphorylation and activation of proliferation and survival signal transduction pathways, among these phosphatidyl inositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt and Ras-mitogen-activated-protein-kinase-Erk (Ras-MAPK-Erk) pathways. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of PDGFβR, its phosphorylation status and expression of the downstream molecules phospho-Akt (pAkt) and phospho-Erk (pErk), in naturally occurring bovine cutaneous fibropapillomas. By immunohistochemistry on serial sections we showed cytoplasmic co-expression of the PDGFβR and E5 protein in neoplastic tissue. Western blot analysis revealed that PDGFβR was phosphorylated in higher amount in tumour samples compared to normal skin. pAkt, but not pErk, was also overexpressed in tumour samples. These findings may provide new insights into the aetiopathogenic mechanisms underlying naturally occurring bovine fibropapillomas and contribute to understanding the molecular scenario underlying BPV induced tumourigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Bocaneti
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agriculture Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Ion Ionescu de la Brad, Iasi, Romania
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Romanucci M, Malatesta D, Ciccarelli A, Bongiovanni L, Palmieri C, Borzacchiello G, Roperto F, Altamura G, Della Salda L. Expression of heat shock proteins in premalignant and malignant urothelial lesions of bovine urinary bladder. Cell Stress Chaperones 2012; 17:683-92. [PMID: 22549151 PMCID: PMC3468682 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-012-0342-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2012] [Revised: 04/05/2012] [Accepted: 04/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Abnormal heat shock protein (HSP) levels have been observed in a number of human tumours, where they are involved in all hallmarks of cancer. Since bovine urothelial tumours share striking morphological and biochemical features with their human counterparts, the aim of this study was to evaluate the immunohistochemical levels of Hsp27, Hsp60, Hsp72, Hsp73 and Hsp90 in 28 normal bovine urinary bladders and 30 bovine papillomavirus-positive urothelial tumours (9 in situ carcinomas, 9 low-grade and 12 high-grade carcinomas) and adjacent premalignant lesions obtained from cows suffering from chronic enzootic haematuria, in order to investigate the role of these proteins in the process of urothelial carcinogenesis. A semi-quantitative method was used for the analysis of the results. Western blot analysis was also used to confirm HSP expression in normal controls. All investigated HSPs were expressed in normal bovine urothelium, showing characteristic patterns of immunolabelling throughout urothelial cell layers, which usually appeared to be conserved in urothelial hyperplasia and dysplasia. On the other hand, gradual loss of Hsp27 immunostaining resulted to be significantly associated with increasing histological grade of malignancy (P < 0.01). As well, a significantly reduced immunosignal of Hsp73 and Hsp90 was observed in high-grade and low-/high-grade carcinomas, respectively (P < 0.01). In contrast, Hsp60 (P < 0.01) and Hsp72 (P < 0.05) immunoreactivity appeared to be significantly increased both in premalignant and malignant lesions when compared to that observed in normal urothelium, thus suggesting an early involvement of these proteins in neoplastic transformation of urinary bladder mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariarita Romanucci
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Daniela Malatesta
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Andrea Ciccarelli
- Department of Communication Sciences, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Laura Bongiovanni
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Chiara Palmieri
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Borzacchiello
- Department of Pathology and Animal Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Franco Roperto
- Department of Pathology and Animal Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Gennaro Altamura
- Department of Pathology and Animal Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Leonardo Della Salda
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
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Roperto S, Russo V, Ozkul A, Sepici-Dincel A, Maiolino P, Borzacchiello G, Marcus I, Esposito I, Riccardi MG, Roperto F. Bovine papillomavirus type 2 infects the urinary bladder of water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) and plays a crucial role in bubaline urothelial carcinogenesis. J Gen Virol 2012; 94:403-408. [PMID: 23100367 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.047662-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine papillomavirus type 2 (BPV-2) has been shown to infect and play a role in urinary bladder carcinogenesis of buffaloes grazed on pastures with ferns from the Marmara and Black Sea Regions of Turkey. BPV-2 DNA has been found in both neoplastic and non-neoplastic lesions of the urinary bladder. Furthermore, this virus may be a normal inhabitant of the urinary bladder since BPV-2 DNA has also been detected in clinically normal buffaloes. The viral activation by fern immunosuppressant or carcinogen may trigger the urothelial cell transformation. The E5 oncoprotein was solely detected in urothelial tumours and appeared to be co-localized with the overexpressed and phosphorylated platelet derived growth factor (PDGF) β receptor in a double-colour immunofluorescence assay. Our results indicate that the E5-PDGF β receptor interaction also occurs in spontaneous tumours of the bubaline urinary bladder, revealing an additional role of BPV-2 in bladder carcinogenesis of buffaloes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sante Roperto
- Dipartimento di Patologia e Sanità Animale, Sezione Malattie Infettive, Facoltà di Medicina Veterinaria, Università di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Valeria Russo
- Dipartimento di Patologia e Sanità Animale, Sezione Patologia Generale, Facoltà di Medicina Veterinaria, Università di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Ayhan Ozkul
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Aylin Sepici-Dincel
- Health Research and Practice Center, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Paola Maiolino
- Dipartimento di Patologia e Sanità Animale, Sezione Patologia Generale, Facoltà di Medicina Veterinaria, Università di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Borzacchiello
- Dipartimento di Patologia e Sanità Animale, Sezione Patologia Generale, Facoltà di Medicina Veterinaria, Università di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Ioan Marcus
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Iolanda Esposito
- Dipartimento di Patologia e Sanità Animale, Sezione Patologia Generale, Facoltà di Medicina Veterinaria, Università di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Marita Georgia Riccardi
- Dipartimento di Patologia e Sanità Animale, Sezione Patologia Generale, Facoltà di Medicina Veterinaria, Università di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Franco Roperto
- Dipartimento di Patologia e Sanità Animale, Sezione Patologia Generale, Facoltà di Medicina Veterinaria, Università di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
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Silva MA, Altamura G, Corteggio A, Roperto F, Bocaneti F, Velescu E, Freitas AC, Carvalho CCR, Cavalcanti KPS, Borzacchiello G. Expression of connexin 26 and bovine papillomavirus E5 in cutaneous fibropapillomas of cattle. Vet J 2012; 195:337-43. [PMID: 22892185 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2012.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2012] [Revised: 07/06/2012] [Accepted: 07/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Bovine papillomaviruses (BPVs) can infect epithelial cells and fibroblasts, inducing fibropapillomas in cattle. Gap junctions are communication channels between cells composed of connexins (Cxs). This study evaluated expression of Cx26 and the major BPV oncoprotein E5 in bovine cutaneous fibropapillomas. BPV DNA was amplified from 20/20 fibropapillomas and 3/3 samples of normal skin. All fibropapillomas (20/20) were positive by immunostaining for E5, whereas the three normal skin samples were negative. Cx26 was expressed faintly in the normal skin epithelium. Positive cytoplasmic and juxtanuclear immunoreactivity for Cx26 was evident in 18/20 (90%) fibropapillomas. Western blot analysis demonstrated higher expression of Cx26 in 6/6 fibropapillomas compared to normal skin samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Angelica Silva
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Moraes Rêgo, 1235, Cidade Universitária, 50740521 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
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Roperto S, Di Guardo G, Leonardi L, Pagnini U, Manco E, Paciello O, Esposito I, Borzacchiello G, Russo V, Maiolino P, Roperto F. Bacterial isolates from the urine of cattle affected by urothelial tumors of the urinary bladder. Res Vet Sci 2012; 93:1361-6. [PMID: 22819732 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2012.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2012] [Revised: 06/25/2012] [Accepted: 06/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Microbiological investigations were performed on urine samples from 108 cows affected by urothelial tumors of the urinary bladder. Bacteria, frequently of mixed population, were isolated from 100 animals. Gram-positive bacteria prevailed, with Staphylococcus spp. and Bacillus spp. being the most common. Escherichia coli and Acinetobacter spp. were the most frequently recovered Gram-negative bacteria. E5 oncoprotein was detected in 86 of the 108 urothelial tumors under study. In the majority of cases, bacterial agents and BPV-2 E5 were simultaneously detected. A marked down-regulation of Tamm-Horsfall protein was also observed in the examined cases. In addition, the p65 subunit of the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) transcription factor appeared to be overexpressed. In all cases, a mild to severe chronic inflammation was evident in the stroma of urinary bladder tumors. Bacterial components may play a role in the activation of the NF-κB and might cause chronic inflammation resulting in an impaired ability to clear BPV-2 infection, thus cooperating with the virus in cancer development. As in man, therefore, bacteria could play both a direct and an indirect role in bovine bladder carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sante Roperto
- Department of Pathology and Animal Health, Division of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Via Delpino, 1-80137 Naples, Italy
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Roperto S, Borzacchiello G, Esposito I, Riccardi M, Urraro C, Lucà R, Corteggio A, Tatè R, Cermola M, Paciello O, Roperto F. Productive infection of bovine papillomavirus type 2 in the placenta of pregnant cows affected with urinary bladder tumors. PLoS One 2012; 7:e33569. [PMID: 22479413 PMCID: PMC3313941 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0033569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2011] [Accepted: 02/15/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Papillomaviruses (PVs) are believed to be highly epitheliotropic as they usually establish productive infections within stratified epithelia. In vitro, various PVs appear to complete their entire life-cycle in different trophoblastic cell lines. In this study, infection by and protein expression of bovine papillomavirus type 2 (BPV-2) in the uterine and chorionic epithelium of the placenta has been described in four cows suffering from naturally occurring papillomavirus-associated urothelial bladder tumors. E5 oncoprotein was detected both by Western blot analysis and immunohistochemically. It appears to be complexed and perfectly co-localized with the activated platelet-derived growth factor ß receptor (PDGFßR) by laser scanning confocal microscopy. The activated PDGFßR might be involved in organogenesis and neo-angiogenesis rather than in cell transformation during pregnancy. The major capsid protein, L1, believed to be only expressed in productive papillomavirus infection has been detected by Western blot analysis. Immunohistochemical investigations confirmed the presence of L1 protein both in the cytoplasm and nuclei of cells of the uterine and chorionic epithelium. Trophoblastic cells appear to be the major target for L1 protein expression. Finally, the early protein E2, required for viral DNA replication and known to be expressed during a productive infection, has been detected by Western blot and immunohistochemically. Electron microscopic investigations detected viral particles in nuclei of uterine and chorionic epithelium. This study shows that both active and productive infections by BPV-2 in the placenta of pregnant cows can occur in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sante Roperto
- Department of Pathology and Animal Health, Naples University Federico II, Naples, Italy.
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Strazzullo M, Corteggio A, Altamura G, Francioso R, Roperto F, D'Esposito M, Borzacchiello G. Molecular and epigenetic analysis of the fragile histidine triad tumour suppressor gene in equine sarcoids. BMC Vet Res 2012; 8:30. [PMID: 22424615 PMCID: PMC3361464 DOI: 10.1186/1746-6148-8-30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2011] [Accepted: 03/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Sarcoids are peculiar equine benign tumours. Their onset is associated with Bovine Papillomavirus type -1 or -2 (BPV-1/2) infection. Little is known about the molecular interplay between viral infection and neoplastic transformation. The data regarding papillomavirus infections in human species show the inactivation of a number of tumour suppressor genes as basic mechanism of transformation. In this study the putative role of the tumour suppressor gene Fragile Histidine Triad (FHIT) in sarcoid tumour was investigated in different experimental models. The expression of the oncosuppressor protein was assessed in normal and sarcoid cells and tissue. Results Nine paraffin embedded sarcoids and sarcoid derived cell lines were analysed for the expression of FHIT protein by immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence techniques and western blotting. These analyses revealed the absence of signal in seven out of nine sarcoids. The two sarcoid derived cell lines too showed a reduced signal of the protein. To investigate the causes of the altered protein expression, the samples were analysed for the DNA methylation profile of the CpG island associated with the FHIT promoter. The analysis of the 32 CpGs encompassing the region of interest showed no significative differential methylation profile between pathological tissues and cell lines and their normal counterparts. Conclusion This study represent a further evidence of the role of a tumour suppressor gene in equine sarcoids and approaches the epigenetic regulation in this well known equine neoplasm. The data obtained in sarcoid tissues and sarcoid derived cell lines suggest that also in horse, as in humans, there is a possible involvement of the tumour suppressor FHIT gene in BPV induced tumours. DNA methylation seems not to be involved in the gene expression alteration. Further studies are needed to understand the basic molecular mechanisms involved in reduced FHIT expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Strazzullo
- Department of Pathology and Animal Health, University of Naples Federico II, Via Veterinaria, Naples, Italy
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Banco B, Antuofermo E, Borzacchiello G, Cossu-Rocca P, Grieco V. Canine ovarian tumors: an immunohistochemical study with HBME-1 antibody. J Vet Diagn Invest 2012; 23:977-81. [PMID: 21908358 DOI: 10.1177/1040638711416848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The morphology of ovarian tumors is characterized by a variety of histological features causing diagnostic difficulties. In human medicine, HBME-1 (Hector Battifora mesothelial epitope)-1 is one of the immunohistochemical markers employed in the diagnosis of ovarian epithelial tumors. The aim of the current study was to investigate the reliability of the marker HBME-1 in canine ovaries, granulosa cell tumors, and epithelial ovarian neoplasms to determine whether this marker could be included in an immunohistochemical panel for differential diagnoses of canine ovarian tumors. Samples were obtained from 4 normal ovaries, 10 granulosa cell tumors, and 18 epithelial ovarian tumors. After formalin fixation and paraffin embedding, tissue sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and probed immunohistochemically for the HBME-1 marker. Granulosa cells and related tumors were consistently negative for HBME-1. Normal ovarian surface epithelium and 17 out of 18 ovarian epithelial tumors were positive for HBME-1. The results suggested that HBME-1 would be a useful marker for the differential diagnosis of ovarian tumors in the dog.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Banco
- Department of Pathology, Section of Veterinary Pathology and Avian Pathology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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