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Amjadi M, Hayatmehr Z, Egyed B, Tavallaei M, Szécsényi-Nagy A. A comprehensive review of HVS-I mitochondrial DNA variation of 19 Iranian populations. Ann Hum Genet 2024; 88:259-277. [PMID: 38161274 DOI: 10.1111/ahg.12544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Iran is located along the Central Asian corridor, a natural artery that has served as a cross-continental route since the first anatomically modern human populations migrated out of Africa. We compiled and reanalyzed the HVS-I (hypervariable segment-I) of 3840 mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences from 19 Iranian populations and from 26 groups from adjacent countries to give a comprehensive review of the maternal genetic variation and investigate the impact of historical events and cultural factors on the maternal genetic structure of modern Iranians. We conclude that Iranians have a high level of genetic diversity. Thirty-six haplogroups were observed in Iran's populations, and most of them belong to widespread West-Eurasian haplogroups, such as H, HV, J, N, T, and U. In contrast, the predominant haplogroups observed in most of the adjacent countries studied here are H, M, D, R, U, and C haplogroups. Using principal component analysis, clustering, and genetic distance-based calculations, we estimated moderate genetic relationships between Iranian and other Eurasian groups. Further, analyses of molecular variance and comparing geographic and genetic structures indicate that mtDNA HVS-I sequence diversity does not exhibit any sharp geographic structure in the country. Barring a few from some culturally distinct and naturally separated minorities, most Iranian populations have a homogenous maternal genetic structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motahareh Amjadi
- Department of Genetics, ELTE Doctoral School of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- HUN-REN Research Centre for the Humanities, Institute of Archaeogenomics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zahra Hayatmehr
- Faculty of Management and Financial Science, Department of Management, Khatam University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Balázs Egyed
- Department of Genetics, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Anna Szécsényi-Nagy
- HUN-REN Research Centre for the Humanities, Institute of Archaeogenomics, Budapest, Hungary
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2
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Chen C, Guo Y, Fang Y, Shi J, Meng H, Qu L, Zhang X, Zhu B. The maternal phylogenetic insights of Yunnan Miao group revealed by complete mitogenomes. Gene 2024; 901:148046. [PMID: 38081335 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.148046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
The Miao group is one of the representative Hmong-Mien-speaking populations and primarily scattered in southern China and Southeast Asia, which has experienced massive migrations in history and thus forms distinctive evolutionary genetics. Yet, the genetic explorations of Miao group are relatively limited based on complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome), especially for the Miao group from Yunnan Province (YNM). Here, we sequenced complete mitogenomes of 132 Miao individuals from Yunnan Province using massively parallel sequencing method. Total 132 Miao individuals could be allocated to 119 various haplotypes, which were mainly dominated by haplogroups prevalent in southern East Asia (B, F, M7 and R9), and rarely occupied by northern lineages (A, D, G and M8). In order to dissect the genetic background of YNM more comprehensively, we introduced 99 published population data with 7135 complete mitochondrial sequences for population genetic comparisons. YNM exhibited closer genetic relationships with Hmong-Mien, Tai-Kadai, Sino-Tibetan and Austroasiatic populations, especially for Hmong-Mien populations; we further speculated that Miao group might have certain direct or indirect gene exchanges with ancient Baiyue groups. Several maternal lineages, such as B5a1c1a, F1g1, B4a5 and D4e1a3, were found to be specifically shared by YNM and other Hmong-Mien populations, and these matrilineal expansions occurred roughly during the Neolithic period. Eventually, according to the population dynamic analyses of YNM, the population size began to emerge recovery ∼1-0.5 kya after a long-term population reduction ∼1-5 kya, during which the B5a1c1a haplogroup manifested relatively apparent lineage expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China; Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yuxin Guo
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - Yating Fang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Anhui 230031, China
| | - Jianfeng Shi
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - Haotian Meng
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - Li Qu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, China
| | - Xingru Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China; College of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Bofeng Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China; College of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China; Multi-Omics Innovative Research Center of Forensic Identification, Department of Forensic Genetics, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
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3
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Sirak K, Jansen Van Rensburg J, Brielle E, Chen B, Lazaridis I, Ringbauer H, Mah M, Mallick S, Micco A, Rohland N, Callan K, Curtis E, Kearns A, Lawson AM, Workman JN, Zalzala F, Ahmed Al-Orqbi AS, Ahmed Salem EM, Salem Hasan AM, Britton DC, Reich D. Medieval DNA from Soqotra points to Eurasian origins of an isolated population at the crossroads of Africa and Arabia. Nat Ecol Evol 2024; 8:817-829. [PMID: 38332026 PMCID: PMC11009077 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-024-02322-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Soqotra, an island situated at the mouth of the Gulf of Aden in the northwest Indian Ocean between Africa and Arabia, is home to ~60,000 people subsisting through fishing and semi-nomadic pastoralism who speak a Modern South Arabian language. Most of what is known about Soqotri history derives from writings of foreign travellers who provided little detail about local people, and the geographic origins and genetic affinities of early Soqotri people has not yet been investigated directly. Here we report genome-wide data from 39 individuals who lived between ~650 and 1750 CE at six locations across the island and document strong genetic connections between Soqotra and the similarly isolated Hadramawt region of coastal South Arabia that likely reflects a source for the peopling of Soqotra. Medieval Soqotri can be modelled as deriving ~86% of their ancestry from a population such as that found in the Hadramawt today, with the remaining ~14% best proxied by an Iranian-related source with up to 2% ancestry from the Indian sub-continent, possibly reflecting genetic exchanges that occurred along with archaeologically documented trade from these regions. In contrast to all other genotyped populations of the Arabian Peninsula, genome-level analysis of the medieval Soqotri is consistent with no sub-Saharan African admixture dating to the Holocene. The deep ancestry of people from medieval Soqotra and the Hadramawt is also unique in deriving less from early Holocene Levantine farmers and more from groups such as Late Pleistocene hunter-gatherers from the Levant (Natufians) than other mainland Arabians. This attests to migrations by early farmers having less impact in southernmost Arabia and Soqotra and provides compelling evidence that there has not been complete population replacement between the Pleistocene and Holocene throughout the Arabian Peninsula. Medieval Soqotra harboured a small population that showed qualitatively different marriage practices from modern Soqotri, with first-cousin unions occurring significantly less frequently than today.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kendra Sirak
- Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | | | - Esther Brielle
- Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bowen Chen
- Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Iosif Lazaridis
- Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Harald Ringbauer
- Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Matthew Mah
- Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Swapan Mallick
- Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Adam Micco
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nadin Rohland
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Kimberly Callan
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Curtis
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Aisling Kearns
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ann Marie Lawson
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - J Noah Workman
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Fatma Zalzala
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - David Reich
- Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
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4
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Schurr TG, Shengelia R, Shamoon-Pour M, Chitanava D, Laliashvili S, Laliashvili I, Kibret R, Kume-Kangkolo Y, Akhvlediani I, Bitadze L, Mathieson I, Yardumian A. Genetic Analysis of Mingrelians Reveals Long-Term Continuity of Populations in Western Georgia (Caucasus). Genome Biol Evol 2023; 15:evad198. [PMID: 37935112 PMCID: PMC10665041 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evad198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
To elucidate the population history of the Caucasus, we conducted a survey of genetic diversity in Samegrelo (Mingrelia), western Georgia. We collected DNA samples and genealogical information from 485 individuals residing in 30 different locations, the vast majority of whom being Mingrelian speaking. From these DNA samples, we generated mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region sequences for all 485 participants (female and male), Y-short tandem repeat haplotypes for the 372 male participants, and analyzed all samples at nearly 590,000 autosomal single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) plus around 33,000 on the sex chromosomes, with 27,000 SNP removed for missingness, using the GenoChip 2.0+ microarray. The resulting data were compared with those from populations from Anatolia, the Caucasus, the Near East, and Europe. Overall, Mingrelians exhibited considerable mtDNA haplogroup diversity, having high frequencies of common West Eurasian haplogroups (H, HV, I, J, K, N1, R1, R2, T, U, and W. X2) and low frequencies of East Eurasian haplogroups (A, C, D, F, and G). From a Y-chromosome standpoint, Mingrelians possessed a variety of haplogroups, including E1b1b, G2a, I2, J1, J2, L, Q, R1a, and R1b. Analysis of autosomal SNP data further revealed that Mingrelians are genetically homogeneous and cluster with other modern-day South Caucasus populations. When compared with ancient DNA samples from Bronze Age archaeological contexts in the broader region, these data indicate that the Mingrelian gene pool began taking its current form at least by this period, probably in conjunction with the formation of a distinct linguistic community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodore G Schurr
- Department of Anthropology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ramaz Shengelia
- Department of the History of Medicine, Tbilisi State Medical University, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Michel Shamoon-Pour
- First-year Research Immersion, Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York, USA
| | - David Chitanava
- Laboratory for Anthropologic Studies, Ivane Javakhishvili Institute of History and Ethnology, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Shorena Laliashvili
- Laboratory for Anthropologic Studies, Ivane Javakhishvili Institute of History and Ethnology, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Irma Laliashvili
- Laboratory for Anthropologic Studies, Ivane Javakhishvili Institute of History and Ethnology, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Redate Kibret
- Department of History and Social Science, Bryn Athyn College, Bryn Athyn, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yanu Kume-Kangkolo
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Lia Bitadze
- Laboratory for Anthropologic Studies, Ivane Javakhishvili Institute of History and Ethnology, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Iain Mathieson
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Aram Yardumian
- Department of History and Social Science, Bryn Athyn College, Bryn Athyn, Pennsylvania, USA
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5
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Tayyeh AM, Sequeira JJ, Kumar L, Babu I, van Driem G, Mustak MS. The maternal ancestry of the Kavaratti islanders and the last glacial maximum aftermath. Mol Genet Genomics 2023; 298:1467-1477. [PMID: 37823939 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-023-02072-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
The prehistoric human settlement of the Lakshadweep islands remains a mystery for various reasons. Uncertainty about the existence of indigenous tribes in these islands and the lack of folklore records present major obstacles to the reconstruction of Lakshadweep ancestry. However, with extant population data, we seek to understand the maternal ancestry of the Kavaratti islanders. Mitochondrial control region variation analysis of 80 individuals from this island shows maternal links with the populations in the northwestern region of the South Asian mainland. The founder clade R30b2, observed in the Kavaratti islanders, is so far present only in the Scheduled Castes from the Punjab region, Jat Sikhs and Nairs. All other mainland populations carry basal R30 or R30a subclades. The presence of a specific Uralic U4 lineage in our samples, in addition to the Indo-European affinity observed in the phylogeny tree, substantiates a northwestern maternal ancestry of the Kavaratti islanders and implies an ancestral admixture with early humans in the Near East at the time of the last glacial maximum (LGM). Based on our Bayesian analysis, we furthermore propose that a group bearing mostly R30b2 during the LGM recovery, moved eastward and southward, where they received Indian-specific M haplogroups. Hence, the maternal ancestry of the Kavaratti islanders is evidently a consequence of the demographic changes in the northwestern region of the Indian subcontinent caused by the Last Glacial Maximum. The haplogroup distribution pattern and nucleotide sequence data produced in this study will enrich the forensic database of the Lakshadweep islands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alnoman Mundher Tayyeh
- Department of Applied Zoology, Mangalore University, Mangalagangothri, 574199, India
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology Unit, Mangalore University, Mangalagangothri, 574199, India
| | | | - Lomous Kumar
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500007, India
| | - Idrees Babu
- Department of Science and Technology, Lakshadweep Administration, Kavaratti, 682555, India
| | - George van Driem
- Institut für Sprachwissenschaft, Universität Bern, Länggassstrasse 49, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
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Havaš Auguštin D, Šarac J, Reidla M, Tamm E, Grahovac B, Kapović M, Novokmet N, Rudan P, Missoni S, Marjanović D, Korolija M. Refining the Global Phylogeny of Mitochondrial N1a, X, and HV2 Haplogroups Based on Rare Mitogenomes from Croatian Isolates. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1614. [PMID: 37628665 PMCID: PMC10454736 DOI: 10.3390/genes14081614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) has been used for decades as a predominant tool in population genetics and as a valuable addition to forensic genetic research, owing to its unique maternal inheritance pattern that enables the tracing of individuals along the maternal lineage across numerous generations. The dynamic interplay between evolutionary forces, primarily genetic drift, bottlenecks, and the founder effect, can exert significant influence on genetic profiles. Consequently, the Adriatic islands have accumulated a subset of lineages that exhibits remarkable absence or rarity within other European populations. This distinctive genetic composition underscores the islands' potential as a significant resource in phylogenetic research, with implications reaching beyond regional boundaries to contribute to a global understanding. In the initial attempt to expand the mitochondrial forensic database of the Croatian population with haplotypes from small isolated communities, we sequenced mitogenomes of rare haplogroups from different Croatian island and mainland populations using next-generation sequencing (NGS). In the next step and based on the obtained results, we refined the global phylogeny of haplogroup N1a, HV2, and X by analyzing rare haplotypes, which are absent from the current phylogenetic tree. The trees were based on 16 novel and 52 previously published samples, revealing completely novel branches in the X and HV2 haplogroups and a new European cluster in the ancestral N1a variant, previously believed to be an exclusively African-Asian haplogroup. The research emphasizes the importance of investigating geographically isolated populations and their unique characteristics within a global context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dubravka Havaš Auguštin
- Centre for Applied Bioanthropology, Institute for Anthropological Research, Ljudevita Gaja 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (D.H.A.)
- Institute for Anthropological Research, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jelena Šarac
- Centre for Applied Bioanthropology, Institute for Anthropological Research, Ljudevita Gaja 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (D.H.A.)
- Institute for Anthropological Research, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Maere Reidla
- Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, 50090 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Erika Tamm
- Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, 50090 Tartu, Estonia
| | | | | | | | - Pavao Rudan
- Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Saša Missoni
- Institute for Anthropological Research, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, J. J. Strossmayer University, 31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Damir Marjanović
- Centre for Applied Bioanthropology, Institute for Anthropological Research, Ljudevita Gaja 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (D.H.A.)
- Institute for Anthropological Research, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Genetics and Bioengineering Department, International Burch University, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Marina Korolija
- Forensic Science Centre “Ivan Vučetić”, Ministry of the Interior, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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7
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Sikdar M. Complete mitochondrial DNA sequence tries to settle hitherto putative history of Kayastha population of India. Am J Hum Biol 2022; 35:e23851. [PMID: 36571462 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Indian caste system is unique as it has an inimitable type of class system where the social ordering is done based on birth. Within the caste system, there is a distinct endogamous population known as the Kayastha, who have had inconclusive stratification records due to unidentified historical records. METHODS To gain a more inclusive view on the history and genetic affinities of Kayastha people, complete mitochondrial genomes from 15 individuals of a Kayastha population from North-western India have been sequenced. RESULTS Interestingly, three novel sub-clades (U2b2a, M3d2, and M33a3b) have been identified that represent unique Kayastha motifs. CONCLUSION The haplotype-based analysis suggests that the Kayastha population shares genetic affinities with the Indo-European and Sino-Tibetan populations found in the trans-Himalayan region. The FST based population comparison and the MDS plot indicates that Kayastha people have close maternal genetic affinity with the available genetic database of Brahmins, Kashmiris, and Tharus. The maternal genetic lineages among Kayastha population shows deep in situ origin that emerged much before settled life developed on this sub-continent. Both mtDNA and Y-chromosome markers, trace the genetic lineages of Kayastha population with Tharus, who regard themselves Kshatriya, corroborated by the oral history of the Kayasthas for their Kshatriya affiliation. It also validates genetic heritage of earliest settlers of India in both indigenous tribal and caste populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mithun Sikdar
- DNA Laboratory Unit, Anthropological Survey of India, Southern Regional Center, Mysore, India
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8
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African mitochondrial haplogroup L7: a 100,000-year-old maternal human lineage discovered through reassessment and new sequencing. Sci Rep 2022; 12:10747. [PMID: 35750688 PMCID: PMC9232647 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13856-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Archaeological and genomic evidence suggest that modern Homo sapiens have roamed the planet for some 300–500 thousand years. In contrast, global human mitochondrial (mtDNA) diversity coalesces to one African female ancestor (“Mitochondrial Eve”) some 145 thousand years ago, owing to the ¼ gene pool size of our matrilineally inherited haploid genome. Therefore, most of human prehistory was spent in Africa where early ancestors of Southern African Khoisan and Central African rainforest hunter-gatherers (RFHGs) segregated into smaller groups. Their subdivisions followed climatic oscillations, new modes of subsistence, local adaptations, and cultural-linguistic differences, all prior to their exodus out of Africa. Seven African mtDNA haplogroups (L0–L6) traditionally captured this ancient structure—these L haplogroups have formed the backbone of the mtDNA tree for nearly two decades. Here we describe L7, an eighth haplogroup that we estimate to be ~ 100 thousand years old and which has been previously misclassified in the literature. In addition, L7 has a phylogenetic sublineage L7a*, the oldest singleton branch in the human mtDNA tree (~ 80 thousand years). We found that L7 and its sister group L5 are both low-frequency relics centered around East Africa, but in different populations (L7: Sandawe; L5: Mbuti). Although three small subclades of African foragers hint at the population origins of L5'7, the majority of subclades are divided into Afro-Asiatic and eastern Bantu groups, indicative of more recent admixture. A regular re-estimation of the entire mtDNA haplotype tree is needed to ensure correct cladistic placement of new samples in the future.
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9
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Alidoust M, Shamshiri AK, Tajbakhsh A, Gheibihayat SM, Mazloom SM, Alizadeh F, Pasdar A. The significant role of a functional polymorphism in the NF-κB1 gene in breast cancer: evidence from an Iranian cohort. Future Oncol 2021; 17:4895-4905. [PMID: 34730002 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2021-0197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims: Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most common cancers among women. The influence of genetic variations on BC risk has been thus far assessed via genome-wide association studies. NF-κB has been recognized as a major player in BC progression. In this study, the association between rs28362491 and BC was evaluated in a population from northeastern Iran. Materials & methods: This study was conducted on 476 patients with BC and 524 healthy controls. The genotyping method used was an amplification-refractory mutation system. Results: The INS/DEL genotype conferred a statistically significant increased risk in patients in comparison with controls. Additionally, in the recessive model, INS/INS + INS/DEL versus DEL/DEL was statistically significant (OR = 0.34; 95% CI: 0.12-0.96; p = 0.042). Conclusion: This study found that rs28362491, as a susceptibility genetic factor, may affect BC risk in the Iranian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Alidoust
- Department of Medical Genetics & Molecular Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9177948564, Iran.,Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 17345-1583, Iran
| | - Asma Khorshid Shamshiri
- Department of Medical Genetics & Molecular Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9177948564, Iran.,Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 17345-1583, Iran
| | - Amir Tajbakhsh
- Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9177948564, Iran.,Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 17345-1583, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Gheibihayat
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd 8915167426, Iran
| | - Seyed Mostafa Mazloom
- Department of Animal Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad 91779-48944, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Alizadeh
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 17345-1583, Iran
| | - Alireza Pasdar
- Department of Medical Genetics & Molecular Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9177948564, Iran.,Division of Applied Medicine, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK.,Bioinformatics Research Group, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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10
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Fadhl HNM, Mohammed SA, Abdulkarim FM. Mitochondrial DNA haplogroup study: residents of Sulaymaniyah city in the Iraqi Kurdistan Region may be genetically closer to European lineage. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s41935-021-00246-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Being the native inhabitants of the Neolithic Fertile Crescent, Kurds were included in several maternal lineage studies concerning the Eurasian population. However, no study was performed on the Kurdish population of Sulaymaniyah city (latitude 33.314690 and longitude 44.376759). This study was carried out on a sample of Sorani Kurds living in Sulaymaniyah for the identification of population-related single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and modes of maternal lineage.
Results
In this study, 36 randomly selected healthy unrelated Kurdish subjects were enrolled. Whole mitochondrial DNA sequencing was performed. HaploGrep 2.0 and neutrality test (Tajima’s D) were employed for haplogroup identification and historical demography determination. When the outcomes were compared with previous studies in Kurds and the neighbouring nations, the identified haplogroups in the sample of study were members of the Western Eurasian haplogroups with a predominance of haplogroup H.
Conclusions
The whole mitochondrial DNA sequence is superior to the traditional analysis of the non-coding (control) region. Our study indicates a stronger relation of the studied group to the European lineage than to their neighbouring nations.
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11
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Following the Trace of HVS II Mitochondrial Region Within the Nine Iranian Ethnic Groups Based on Genetic Population Analysis. Biochem Genet 2021; 60:987-1006. [PMID: 34661819 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-021-10141-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The Iranian gene pool is seen as an important human genetic resource for investigating the region connecting Mesopotamia and the Iranian plateau. The main objective of this study was to explore gene flow in nine Iranian ethnic/subpopulation groups (402 samples) by examining mtDNA HVS2 sequence variations. This then allowed us to detect mtDNA HVS2 sequence mutations in two independent thalassemia and cystic fibrosis patient sample groups. The patient groups did not explicitly belong to any of the aforementioned nine subpopulations. Across all subpopulations, the haplogroups B4a1c3a, H2a2a1, N10b, H2a2a2, and J1 were seen to be predominant. High haplogroup diversities along with admixture of the exotic groups were observed in this study. The Arab subpopulation was shown to be independent from the others. It was revealed that there is a far distant relationship between Arab and Azeri groups. The thalassemia patient group, represented an almost random sample of most Iranian ethnic groups, and revealed few significant differences (P < 0.05) in their HVS2 sequence. It turned out that the IVS II-I (G → A) mutation in the thalassemia β-globin gene was highly significant. Since the thalassemia patients in the present study represent many unique haplotypes, we can begin to comprehend the importance of mtDNA with this disease and the necessity for more studies in this context.
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12
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Morawala-Patell V, Pasha N, Krishnasamy K, Mittal B, Gopalakrishnan C, Mugasimangalam R, Sharma N, Khanna-Gupta A, Bhote-Patell P, Rao S, Jain R. The first complete Zoroastrian-Parsi mitochondrial reference genome and genetic signatures of an endogamous non-smoking population. Meta Gene 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2021.100882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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13
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Dryomov SV, Nazhmidenova AM, Starikovskaya EB, Shalaurova SA, Rohland N, Mallick S, Bernardos R, Derevianko AP, Reich D, Sukernik RI. Mitochondrial genome diversity on the Central Siberian Plateau with particular reference to the prehistory of northernmost Eurasia. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0244228. [PMID: 33507977 PMCID: PMC7842996 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0244228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Central Siberian Plateau was the last geographic area in Eurasia to become habitable by modern humans after the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). Through a comprehensive dataset of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) genomes retained in the remnats of earlier ("Old") Siberians, primarily the Ket, Tofalar, and Todzhi, we explored genetic links between the Yenisei-Sayan region and Northeast Eurasia (best represented by the Yukaghir) over the last 10,000 years. We generated 218 new complete mtDNA sequences and placed them into compound phylogenies with 7 newly obtained and 70 published ancient mitochondrial genomes. We have considerably extended the mtDNA sequence diversity (at the entire mtDNA genome level) of autochthonous Siberians, which remain poorly sampled, and these new data may have a broad impact on the study of human migration. We compared present-day mtDNA diversity in these groups with complete mitochondrial genomes from ancient samples from the region and placed the samples into combined genealogical trees. The resulting components were used to clarify the origins and expansion history of mtDNA lineages that evolved in the refugia of south-central Siberia and beyond, as well as multiple phases of connection between this region and distant parts of Eurasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav V. Dryomov
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, SBRAS, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Azhar M. Nazhmidenova
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, SBRAS, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Elena B. Starikovskaya
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, SBRAS, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Sofia A. Shalaurova
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, SBRAS, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Nadin Rohland
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Swapan Mallick
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Rebecca Bernardos
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | | | - David Reich
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Rem I. Sukernik
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, SBRAS, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
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14
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Sun D, Niu Z, Zheng HX, Wu F, Jiang L, Han TQ, Wei Y, Wang J, Jin L. A Mitochondrial DNA Variant Elevates the Risk of Gallstone Disease by Altering Mitochondrial Function. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 11:1211-1226.e15. [PMID: 33279689 PMCID: PMC8053626 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2020.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Gallstone disease (cholelithiasis) is a cholesterol-related metabolic disorders with strong familial predisposition. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variants accumulated during human evolution are associated with some metabolic disorders related to modified mitochondrial function. The mechanistic links between mtDNA variants and gallstone formation need further exploration. METHODS In this study, we explored the possible associations of mtDNA variants with gallstone disease by comparing 104 probands and 300 controls in a Chinese population. We constructed corresponding cybrids using trans-mitochondrial technology to investigate the underlying mechanisms of these associations. Mitochondrial respiratory chain complex activity and function and cholesterol metabolism were assessed in the trans-mitochondrial cell models. RESULTS Here, we found a significant association of mtDNA 827A>G with an increased risk of familial gallstone disease in a Chinese population (odds ratio [OR]: 4.5, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.1-9.4, P=1.2×10-4). Compared with 827A cybrids (haplogroups B4a and B4c), 827G cybrids (haplogroups B4b and B4d) had impaired mitochondrial respiratory chain complex activity and function and activated JNK and AMPK signaling pathways. Additionally, the 827G cybrids showed disturbances in cholesterol transport and accelerated development of gallstones. Specifically, cholesterol transport through the transporter ABCG5/8 was increased via activation of the AMPK signaling pathway in 827G cybrids. CONCLUSIONS Our findings reveal that mtDNA 827A>G induces aberrant mitochondrial function and abnormal cholesterol transport, resulting in increased occurrence of gallstones. The results provide an important biological basis for the clinical diagnosis and prevention of gallstone disease in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, and Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenmin Niu
- Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, Chinese National Human Genome Center at Shanghai and Shanghai Academy of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong-Xiang Zheng
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, and Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liuyiqi Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, and Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tian-Quan Han
- Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, and Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiucun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, and Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Research Unit of Dissecting the Population Genetics and Developing New Technologies for Treatment and Prevention of Skin Phenotypes and Dermatological Diseases (2019RU058), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China; Taizhou Institute of Health Sciences, Fudan University, Taizhou, China.
| | - Li Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, and Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Research Unit of Dissecting the Population Genetics and Developing New Technologies for Treatment and Prevention of Skin Phenotypes and Dermatological Diseases (2019RU058), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China; Taizhou Institute of Health Sciences, Fudan University, Taizhou, China.
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15
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Chen C, Li Y, Tao R, Jin X, Guo Y, Cui W, Chen A, Yang Y, Zhang X, Zhang J, Li C, Zhu B. The Genetic Structure of Chinese Hui Ethnic Group Revealed by Complete Mitochondrial Genome Analyses Using Massively Parallel Sequencing. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:E1352. [PMID: 33202591 PMCID: PMC7698084 DOI: 10.3390/genes11111352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), coupled with maternal inheritance and relatively high mutation rates, provides a pivotal way for us to investigate the formation histories of populations. The Hui minority with Islamic faith is one of the most widely distributed ethnic groups in China. However, the exploration of Hui's genetic architecture from the complete mitochondrial genome perspective has not been detected yet. Therefore, in this study, we employed the complete mitochondrial genomes of 98 healthy and unrelated individuals from Northwest China, as well as 99 previously published populations containing 7274 individuals from all over the world as reference data, to comprehensively dissect the matrilineal landscape of Hui group. Our results demonstrated that Hui group exhibited closer genetic relationships with Chinese Han populations from different regions, which was largely attributable to the widespread of haplogroups D4, D5, M7, B4, and F1 in these populations. The demographic expansion of Hui group might occur during the Late Pleistocene. Finally, we also found that Hui group might have gene exchanges with Uygur, Tibetan, and Tajik groups in different degrees and retained minor genetic imprint of European-specific lineages, therefore, hinting the existence of multi-ethnic integration events in shaping the genetic landscape of Chinese Hui group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710004, China; (C.C.); (X.J.); (Y.G.); (X.Z.)
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Academy of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai 200063, China; (R.T.); (A.C.); (Y.Y.); (J.Z.)
- Multi-Omics Innovative Research Center of Forensic Identification, Department of Forensic Genetics, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China;
| | - Yuchun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution/Key Laboratory of Healthy Aging Research of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China;
| | - Ruiyang Tao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Academy of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai 200063, China; (R.T.); (A.C.); (Y.Y.); (J.Z.)
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610017, China
| | - Xiaoye Jin
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710004, China; (C.C.); (X.J.); (Y.G.); (X.Z.)
| | - Yuxin Guo
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710004, China; (C.C.); (X.J.); (Y.G.); (X.Z.)
| | - Wei Cui
- Multi-Omics Innovative Research Center of Forensic Identification, Department of Forensic Genetics, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China;
| | - Anqi Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Academy of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai 200063, China; (R.T.); (A.C.); (Y.Y.); (J.Z.)
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yue Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Academy of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai 200063, China; (R.T.); (A.C.); (Y.Y.); (J.Z.)
- School of Basic Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010030, China
| | - Xingru Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710004, China; (C.C.); (X.J.); (Y.G.); (X.Z.)
| | - Jingyi Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Academy of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai 200063, China; (R.T.); (A.C.); (Y.Y.); (J.Z.)
| | - Chengtao Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Shanghai Forensic Service Platform, Academy of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, Shanghai 200063, China; (R.T.); (A.C.); (Y.Y.); (J.Z.)
- Multi-Omics Innovative Research Center of Forensic Identification, Department of Forensic Genetics, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China;
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610017, China
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- School of Basic Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010030, China
| | - Bofeng Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710004, China; (C.C.); (X.J.); (Y.G.); (X.Z.)
- Multi-Omics Innovative Research Center of Forensic Identification, Department of Forensic Genetics, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China;
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an 710061, China
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16
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García-Fernández C, Font-Porterias N, Kučinskas V, Sukarova-Stefanovska E, Pamjav H, Makukh H, Dobon B, Bertranpetit J, Netea MG, Calafell F, Comas D. Sex-biased patterns shaped the genetic history of Roma. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14464. [PMID: 32879340 PMCID: PMC7468237 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71066-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The Roma population is a European ethnic minority characterized by recent and multiple dispersals and founder effects. After their origin in South Asia around 1,500 years ago, they migrated West. In Europe, they diverged into ethnolinguistically distinct migrant groups that spread across the continent. Previous genetic studies based on genome-wide data and uniparental markers detected Roma founder events and West-Eurasian gene flow. However, to the best of our knowledge, it has not been assessed whether these demographic processes have equally affected both sexes in the population. The present study uses the largest and most comprehensive dataset of complete mitochondrial and Y chromosome Roma sequences to unravel the sex-biased patterns that have shaped their genetic history. The results show that the Roma maternal genetic pool carries a higher lineage diversity from South Asia, as opposed to a single paternal South Asian lineage. Nonetheless, the European gene flow events mainly occurred through the maternal lineages; however, a signal of this gene flow is also traceable in the paternal lineages. We also detect a higher female migration rate among European Roma groups. Altogether, these results suggest that sociocultural factors influenced the emergence of sex-biased genetic patterns at global and local scales in the Roma population through time.
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Affiliation(s)
- C García-Fernández
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology (UPF-CSIC), Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - N Font-Porterias
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology (UPF-CSIC), Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - V Kučinskas
- Department of Human and Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Biomedical Science Institute, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - E Sukarova-Stefanovska
- Research Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology "Georgi D. Efremov", Academy of Sciences and Arts of the Republic of North Macedonia - MASA, Skopje, Republic of North Macedonia
| | - H Pamjav
- Institute of Forensic Genetics, Hungarian Institute for Forensic Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - H Makukh
- Institute of Hereditary Pathology, Ukrainian Academy of Medical Sciences, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - B Dobon
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology (UPF-CSIC), Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Bertranpetit
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology (UPF-CSIC), Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M G Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.,Department of Human Genetics, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Craiova, Craiova, Romania.,Department for Genomics and Immunoregulation, Life and Medical Sciences Institute (LIMES), University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - F Calafell
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology (UPF-CSIC), Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - D Comas
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology (UPF-CSIC), Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain.
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17
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Joint Genetic Analyses of Mitochondrial and Y-Chromosome Molecular Markers for a Population from Northwest China. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11050564. [PMID: 32443545 PMCID: PMC7290686 DOI: 10.3390/genes11050564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The genetic markers on mitochondria DNA (mtDNA) and Y-chromosome can be applied as a powerful tool in population genetics. We present a study to reveal the genetic background of Kyrgyz group, a Chinese ethnic group living in northwest China, and genetic polymorphisms of 60 loci on maternal inherited mtDNA and 24 loci on paternal inherited Y-chromosome short tandem repeats (Y-STRs) were investigated. The relationship between the two systems was tested, and the result indicated that they were statistically independent from each other. The genetic distances between Kyrgyz group and 11 reference populations for mtDNA, and 13 reference populations for Y-STRs were also calculated, respectively. The present results demonstrated that the Kyrgyz group was genetically closer to East Asian populations than European populations based on the mtDNA loci but the other way around for the Y-STRs. The genetic analyses could largely strengthen the understanding for the genetic background of the Kyrgyz group.
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18
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Farhang S, Faramarzi E, Amini Sani N, Poustchi H, Ostadrahimi A, Alizadeh BZ, Somi MH. Cohort Profile: The AZAR cohort, a health-oriented research model in areas of major environmental change in Central Asia. Int J Epidemiol 2020; 48:382-382h. [PMID: 30445493 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyy215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Farhang
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,University Medical Center Groningen, University Center of Psychiatry, Rob Giel Research Center, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Research Center of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences
| | - Elnaz Faramarzi
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nayyere Amini Sani
- Department of Statistics and Epidemiology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Hossein Poustchi
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Ostadrahimi
- Nutrition Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Behrooz Z Alizadeh
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mohammad H Somi
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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19
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Tajbakhsh A, Fazeli M, Rezaee M, Ghasemi F, Heravi MM, Gholoobi A, Meshkat Z. Prevalence of CCR5delta32 in Northeastern Iran. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2019; 20:184. [PMID: 31730458 PMCID: PMC6858674 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-019-0913-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Background A 32-base pair deletion (∆32) in the open reading frame (ORF) of C-C motif chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) seems to be a protective variant against immune system diseases, especially human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). We aimed to assess the frequency of CCR5∆32 in the healthy Iranian population. Methods In this study, 400 normal samples from Khorasan, northeastern Iran, were randomly selected. The frequency of CCR5∆32 carriers was investigated using PCR analysis. Allele prevalence and the fit to the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium were analyzed. Results The prevalence of CCR5∆32 in the northeastern population of Iran was 0.016. Four hundred samples were studied, among which one with CCR5∆32/∆32 and 11 with CCR5Wild/∆32 genotype were detected. Conclusion This study was the first investigation for an assessment of the prevalence of CCR5∆32 in northeastern Iran. The low prevalence of CCR5∆32 allele in the Iranian population may result in the increased susceptibility to HIV-1. In addition, this prevalence is the same as that of reported in East Asia, while is lower than that in the Europeans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Tajbakhsh
- Department of Modern Sciences & Technologies, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mostafa Fazeli
- Department of Modern Sciences & Technologies, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mehdi Rezaee
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Faezeh Ghasemi
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mastoureh Momen Heravi
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, P.O Box: 9196773117, Mashhad, IR, Iran
| | - Aida Gholoobi
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zahra Meshkat
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, P.O Box: 9196773117, Mashhad, IR, Iran.
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20
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Wei YY, Ren ZP, Jin XY, Cui W, Chen C, Guo YX, Meng HT, Zhu BF. Haplogroup Structure and Genetic Variation Analyses of 60 Mitochondrial DNA Markers in Southern Shaanxi Han Population. Biochem Genet 2019; 58:279-293. [PMID: 31696339 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-019-09942-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) has been widely employed as one tool for the studies of human migration and phylogenetic evolution owing to the characteristics of its lack of recombination and matrilineal inheritance. In this study, we analyze genetic distributions of 60 mtDNA markers in 126 unrelated individuals of Southern Shaanxi Han population and classify their haplogroups. Genetic distribution comparisons between Southern Shaanxi Han and other populations from different continents are conducted based on the same mtDNA markers. The majority of 60 mtDNA markers are polymorphic in Southern Shaanxi Han population. The most common haplogroups observed in Southern Shaanxi Han population are B5, followed by D5, A, D4e, and N9a1'3. Obtained matching probability for these 60 mtDNA markers indicates that the panel could be used as a valuable tool in forensic caseworks. Results of genetic distances (Fst) and multidimensional scaling analysis show that Southern Shaanxi Han population has relatively close genetic relationships with other Han populations in different regions. In conclusion, the panel comprising 60 mtDNA markers could be utilized for forensic applications in Southern Shaanxi Han population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yuan Wei
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhan-Ping Ren
- Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Trauma Plastic Surgery, Stomatology Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiao-Ye Jin
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Wei Cui
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Chong Chen
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Yu-Xin Guo
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Hao-Tian Meng
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Bo-Feng Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China. .,Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China. .,Department of Forensic Genetics, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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21
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Rare human mitochondrial HV lineages spread from the Near East and Caucasus during post-LGM and Neolithic expansions. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14751. [PMID: 31611588 PMCID: PMC6791841 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48596-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Of particular significance to human population history in Eurasia are the migratory events that connected the Near East to Europe after the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). Utilizing 315 HV*(xH,V) mitogenomes, including 27 contemporary lineages first reported here, we found the genetic signatures for distinctive movements out of the Near East and South Caucasus both westward into Europe and eastward into South Asia. The parallel phylogeographies of rare, yet widely distributed HV*(xH,V) subclades reveal a connection between the Italian Peninsula and South Caucasus, resulting from at least two (post-LGM, Neolithic) waves of migration. Many of these subclades originated in a population ancestral to contemporary Armenians and Assyrians. One such subclade, HV1b-152, supports a postexilic, northern Mesopotamian origin for the Ashkenazi HV1b2 lineages. In agreement with ancient DNA findings, our phylogenetic analysis of HV12 and HV14, the two exclusively Asian subclades of HV*(xH,V), point to the migration of lineages originating in Iran to South Asia before and during the Neolithic period. With HV12 being one of the oldest HV subclades, our results support an origin of HV haplogroup in the region defined by Western Iran, Mesopotamia, and the South Caucasus, where the highest prevalence of HV has been found.
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AlSafar HS, Al-Ali M, Elbait GD, Al-Maini MH, Ruta D, Peramo B, Henschel A, Tay GK. Introducing the first whole genomes of nationals from the United Arab Emirates. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14725. [PMID: 31604968 PMCID: PMC6789106 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50876-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS) provides an in depth description of genome variation. In the era of large-scale population genome projects, the assembly of ethnic-specific genomes combined with mapping human reference genomes of underrepresented populations has improved the understanding of human diversity and disease associations. In this study, for the first time, whole genome sequences of two nationals of the United Arab Emirates (UAE) at >27X coverage are reported. The two Emirati individuals were predominantly of Central/South Asian ancestry. An in-house customized pipeline using BWA, Picard followed by the GATK tools to map the raw data from whole genome sequences of both individuals was used. A total of 3,994,521 variants (3,350,574 Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) and 643,947 indels) were identified for the first individual, the UAE S001 sample. A similar number of variants, 4,031,580 (3,373,501 SNPs and 658,079 indels), were identified for UAE S002. Variants that are associated with diabetes, hypertension, increased cholesterol levels, and obesity were also identified in these individuals. These Whole Genome Sequences has provided a starting point for constructing a UAE reference panel which will lead to improvements in the delivery of precision medicine, quality of life for affected individuals and a reduction in healthcare costs. The information compiled will likely lead to the identification of target genes that could potentially lead to the development of novel therapeutic modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habiba S AlSafar
- Center of Biotechnology, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.,College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mariam Al-Ali
- Center of Biotechnology, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Gihan Daw Elbait
- Center of Biotechnology, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Dymitr Ruta
- Etisalat-British Telecom Innovation Center, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Andreas Henschel
- Center of Biotechnology, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.,Department of Computer Science, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Guan K Tay
- Center of Biotechnology, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. .,College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. .,School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia. .,School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia.
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23
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Lan Q, Xie T, Jin X, Fang Y, Mei S, Yang G, Zhu B. MtDNA polymorphism analyses in the Chinese Mongolian group: Efficiency evaluation and further matrilineal genetic structure exploration. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2019; 7:e00934. [PMID: 31478599 PMCID: PMC6785450 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2018] [Revised: 05/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Profiling of mitochondrial DNA is surely to provide valuable investigative clues for forensic cases involving highly degraded specimens or complex maternal lineage kinship determination. But traditionally used hypervariable region sequencing of mitochondrial DNA is less frequently suggested by the forensic community for insufficient informativeness. Genome-wide sequencing of mitochondrial DNA can provide considerable amount of variant information but can be high cost at the same time. METHODS Efficiency of the 60 mitochondrial DNA polymorphic sites dispersing across the control region and coding region of mitochondrial DNA genome was evaluated with 106 Mongolians recruited from the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, China, and allele-specific PCR technique was employed for mitochondrial DNA typing. RESULTS Altogether 58 haplotypes were observed and the haplotypic diversity, discrimination power and random match probability were calculated to be 0.981, 0.972, and 0.028, respectively. Mitochondrial DNA haplogroup affiliation exhibited an exceeding percentage (12.26%) of west Eurasian lineage (H haplogroup) in the studied Mongolian group, which needed to be further verified with more samples. Furthermore, the genetic relationships between the Xinjiang Mongolian group and the comparison populations were also investigated and the genetic affinity was discovered between the Xinjiang Mongolian group and the Xinjiang Kazak group in this study. CONCLUSION It was indicated that the panel was potentially enough to be used as a supplementary tool for forensic applications. And the matrilineal genetic structure analyses based on mitochondrial DNA variants in the Xinjiang Mongolian group could be helpful for subsequent anthropological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Lan
- Department of Forensic Genetics, School of Forensic MedicineSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Tong Xie
- Department of Forensic Genetics, School of Forensic MedicineSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Xiaoye Jin
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of StomatologyXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anChina
- Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, College of StomatologyXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Yating Fang
- Department of Forensic Genetics, School of Forensic MedicineSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Shuyan Mei
- Department of Forensic Genetics, School of Forensic MedicineSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Guang Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and PathologyMayo ClinicRochesterMNUSA
| | - Bofeng Zhu
- Department of Forensic Genetics, School of Forensic MedicineSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of StomatologyXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anChina
- Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, College of StomatologyXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anChina
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24
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Distinct genetic variation and heterogeneity of the Iranian population. PLoS Genet 2019; 15:e1008385. [PMID: 31550250 PMCID: PMC6759149 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Iran, despite its size, geographic location and past cultural influence, has largely been a blind spot for human population genetic studies. With only sparse genetic information on the Iranian population available, we pursued its genome-wide and geographic characterization based on 1021 samples from eleven ethnic groups. We show that Iranians, while close to neighboring populations, present distinct genetic variation consistent with long-standing genetic continuity, harbor high heterogeneity and different levels of consanguinity, fall apart into a cluster of similar groups and several admixed ones and have experienced numerous language adoption events in the past. Our findings render Iran an important source for human genetic variation in Western and Central Asia, will guide adequate study sampling and assist the interpretation of putative disease-implicated genetic variation. Given Iran's internal genetic heterogeneity, future studies will have to consider ethnic affiliations and possible admixture.
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25
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The effect of complement factor B gene variation on age-related macular degeneration in Iranian patients. J Curr Ophthalmol 2019; 31:292-297. [PMID: 31528764 PMCID: PMC6742754 DOI: 10.1016/j.joco.2019.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To determine the possible association of rs4151667 (L9H) complement factor B (CFB) gene with age-related macular degeneration (AMD). The L9H is one of the functional variations of the CFB. CFB gene encodes the most important protein of the complement system. Methods Two hundred sixty-six patients with AMD and 194 unrelated age/sex-matched controls were genotyped for CFB gene (rs4151667) using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. All research subjects were selected from three regions of Iran (Tehran, Tabriz, and Gonabad). Results The results showed a significant difference between the frequency of non-TT genotype in total patients and controls [odds ratio (OR) = 0.424, P = 0.038]. The analysis for each studied region showed that in patients originating from the Gonabad population, the frequency of TT and non-TT genotypes between patients and the control group were significantly different (OR = 2.894, P = 0.046 for TT genotype and OR = 0.346, P = 0.026 for non-TT genotype). In patients originating from Tabriz population, TT and non-TT genotypes and A allele revealed considerably different frequencies between the patient and control groups (OR = 3.043, P = 0.017; OR = 0.329, P = 0.013 and OR = 0.347, P = 0.048, respectively). Analysis of patients from Tehran also showed that there was a significant difference in the frequency of TT genotype between patients and controls (OR = 2.168, P = 0.04). Conclusions The results of the current study indicated a possible protective role for non-TT genotype in L9H variation CFB gene against AMD in a sample of the Iranian population. The region segregation results showed that TT genotype might be a risk factor for susceptibility to AMD.
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26
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Perego UA, Bodner M, Raveane A, Woodward SR, Montinaro F, Parson W, Achilli A. Resolving a 150-year-old paternity case in Mormon history using DTC autosomal DNA testing of distant relatives. Forensic Sci Int Genet 2019; 42:1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2019.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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27
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Alibakhshi R, Moradi K, Ghadiri K. The status of PAH gene-VNTR alleles and mini-haplotypes associations with PAH gene mutations in Iranian Kurdish PKU patients. Med J Islam Repub Iran 2019; 33:88. [PMID: 31696082 PMCID: PMC6825400 DOI: 10.34171/mjiri.33.88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The analysis of haplotypes/mini-haplotypes in the PAH gene has been used as an informative tool in several genetic anthropology studies. Considering the notion that Iranian population is one of the most heterogeneous i the world, this study was conducted to evaluate the association of VNTR-STR mini-haplotypes with the PAH gene mutations in PKU patients in Kermanshah province. Methods: A total of 24 unrelated Kurdish PKU patients with the known PAH gene causing mutations and 72 healthy controls were selected. The DNA fragments containing VNTR and STR systems were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). For VNTR system, PCR products were separated using electrophoresis on 2.5% agarose gel. For STR system, the samples were analyzed using DNA sequencing analysis version 5.2 software. Results: Overall, 5 PAH-VNTR-alleles, including VNTR3, 7, 8, 9, 12, and 3 PAH-STR-alleles, including STR238, 242, and 250, were detected in this study. VNTR3 and 8 alleles had the most frequency among healthy controls. Also, 6 different mini-haplotype alleles were found to be associated with PKU chromosomes. The 2 most prevalent mutations in Kermanshah province, IVS2+5G>C and IVS9+5G>A, were strongly linked to mini-haplotypes 9/242 and 8/238, respectively. Conclusion: The distributions and frequencies of VNTR alleles in Kurdish population have the most similarity to alleles previously described in European Caucasian families. Moreover, since the most common mutations in Kermanshah PKU chromosomes are rare and this was the first study on mini-haplotypes VNTR/STR among Iranian Kurdish PKU patients, given that this study was the first of its kind, it was not possible to compare its results with that of other studies on Iranian and non-Iranian populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Alibakhshi
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Keivan Moradi
- Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Keyghobad Ghadiri
- Infectious Disease Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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28
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Fattahi Z, Beheshtian M, Mohseni M, Poustchi H, Sellars E, Nezhadi SH, Amini A, Arzhangi S, Jalalvand K, Jamali P, Mohammadi Z, Davarnia B, Nikuei P, Oladnabi M, Mohammadzadeh A, Zohrehvand E, Nejatizadeh A, Shekari M, Bagherzadeh M, Shamsi-Gooshki E, Börno S, Timmermann B, Haghdoost A, Najafipour R, Khorram Khorshid HR, Kahrizi K, Malekzadeh R, Akbari MR, Najmabadi H. Iranome: A catalog of genomic variations in the Iranian population. Hum Mutat 2019; 40:1968-1984. [PMID: 31343797 DOI: 10.1002/humu.23880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Considering the application of human genome variation databases in precision medicine, population-specific genome projects are continuously being developed. However, the Middle Eastern population is underrepresented in current databases. Accordingly, we established Iranome database (www.iranome.com) by performing whole exome sequencing on 800 individuals from eight major Iranian ethnic groups representing the second largest population of Middle East. We identified 1,575,702 variants of which 308,311 were novel (19.6%). Also, by presenting higher frequency for 37,384 novel or known rare variants, Iranome database can improve the power of molecular diagnosis. Moreover, attainable clinical information makes this database a good resource for classifying pathogenicity of rare variants. Principal components analysis indicated that, apart from Iranian-Baluchs, Iranian-Turkmen, and Iranian-Persian Gulf Islanders, who form their own clusters, rest of the population were genetically linked, forming a super-population. Furthermore, only 0.6% of novel variants showed counterparts in "Greater Middle East Variome Project", emphasizing the value of Iranome at national level by releasing a comprehensive catalog of Iranian genomic variations and also filling another gap in the catalog of human genome variations at international level. We introduce Iranome as a resource which may also be applicable in other countries located in neighboring regions historically called Greater Iran (Persia).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Fattahi
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Kariminejad-Najmabadi Pathology & Genetics Center, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Beheshtian
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Kariminejad-Najmabadi Pathology & Genetics Center, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marzieh Mohseni
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Kariminejad-Najmabadi Pathology & Genetics Center, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Poustchi
- Digestive Diseases Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Erin Sellars
- Women's College Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Amir Amini
- Information Technology Office, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sanaz Arzhangi
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Khadijeh Jalalvand
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Peyman Jamali
- Shahrood Genetic Counseling Center, Welfare Office, Semnan, Iran
| | - Zahra Mohammadi
- Digestive Diseases Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behzad Davarnia
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pooneh Nikuei
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Morteza Oladnabi
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Akbar Mohammadzadeh
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Zohrehvand
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azim Nejatizadeh
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Mohammad Shekari
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Maryam Bagherzadeh
- Women's College Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ehsan Shamsi-Gooshki
- Medical Ethics and History of Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Medical Ethics, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Stefan Börno
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Aliakbar Haghdoost
- Modeling in Health Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.,Regional Knowledge Hub, and WHO Collaborating Centre for HIV Surveillance, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Reza Najafipour
- Cellular and Molecular Research Centre, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | | | - Kimia Kahrizi
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Malekzadeh
- Digestive Diseases Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad R Akbari
- Women's College Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hossein Najmabadi
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Kariminejad-Najmabadi Pathology & Genetics Center, Tehran, Iran
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Insights into matrilineal genetic structure, differentiation and ancestry of Armenians based on complete mitogenome data. Mol Genet Genomics 2019; 294:1547-1559. [DOI: 10.1007/s00438-019-01596-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Ethnogenetic analysis reveals that Kohistanis of Pakistan were genetically linked to west Eurasians by a probable ancestral genepool from Eurasian steppe in the bronze age. Mitochondrion 2019; 47:82-93. [PMID: 31103559 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2019.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 04/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Despite the unique geographic, ethnic, social and cultural features of Kohistan in Pakistan, the origin and descent of Kohistanis remain still obscure. In an effort to address questions concerning the genetic structure, origin and genetic affinities of Kohistanis, we herein applied an ethnogenetic approach consisting on mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) analysis and dental morphology analysis. We sequenced HVS1 of mtDNA, observed 14 haplotypes and assigned a total of 9 haplogroups belonging to macrolineages M (17%) and N (83%). Genetic diversity estimates in Kohistanis (Hd = 0.910 ± 0.014; Pi = 0.019 ± 0.001; θw = 0.019 ± 0.006) were similar to that of previous studies in other Pakistani populations. Overall, the analyses of dental morphology and mtDNA profile of Kohistanis resulted in similar findings. All the analyses indicate that Kohistanis share affinities to populations from Europe, Near East, Central Asia and South Asia. The Kohistani HVS1 haplotype 2 shares 100% identity to HVS1 haplotypes across the Europe. These results in light of recent insights into ancient genomics lead us to conclude that ancestry from Eurasian Steppe genetically linked Kohistanis to all these populations in the Bronze Age. This is consistent with linguistic evidence and also with the Indo-Aryan migration model for the peopling of South Asia.
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Sylvester C, Krishna MS, Rao JS, Chandrasekar A. Maternal genetic link of a south Dravidian tribe with native Iranians indicating bidirectional migration. Ann Hum Biol 2019; 46:175-180. [PMID: 30909755 DOI: 10.1080/03014460.2019.1599067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Background: The phylogeny of major mitochondrial DNA haplogroups has played a key role in assessing the people of India through molecular genetics. Aim: To resolve the phylogeny and phylogeographic pattern of autochthonous haplogroup R with its descendant haplogroup U in the Urali Kuruman tribal population of Southern India. Subjects and methods: Complete mitogenome sequences of 40 individuals were amplified and sequenced using the Sanger sequencing method. Mutations were scored referring to the revised Cambridge reference sequence, and phylogenetic trees were constructed using previously described sequences. Results: Novel sub-lineages of haplogroup R30: R30a1c1, and U1: U1a1c1d2, U1a1c1d2a were identified. Urali Kurumans pooled ancestry with the native Iranians sharing the sub-haplogroups R30a1c and U1a1c1d. The coalescence ages estimated for the sub-haplogroup R30a1c dates ∼ 9.4 ± 3.5 Kya and for subclade U1a1c1d dates ∼ 9.1 ± 2.7 Kya. Conclusion: The study revealed a genetic link between Iran and South Asia in the Neolithic time, indicating bidirectional migration and admixture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Sylvester
- a Department of Studies in Zoology , University of Mysore , Mysore , India.,b Southern Regional Center , Anthropological Survey of India , Mysore , India
| | | | - Jaya Sankar Rao
- b Southern Regional Center , Anthropological Survey of India , Mysore , India
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Bianco B, Fernandes RFM, Trevisan CM, Christofolini DM, Sanz-Lomana CM, de Bernabe JV, Barbosa CP. Influence of STAT4 gene polymorphisms in the pathogenesis of endometriosis. Ann Hum Genet 2019; 83:249-255. [PMID: 30887509 DOI: 10.1111/ahg.12309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The STAT4 gene is vital to signaling pathways in the immune response. Immunological alterations are involved in the pathogenesis of endometriosis, and STAT4 polymorphisms may be linked to disease development. This study's aim is to evaluate the possible association between four STAT4 polymorphisms (rs7601754/G > A, rs11889341/C > T, rs7574865/T > G, and rs7582694/C > G) and the pathogenesis of endometriosis in Brazilian women. This case-control study's sample comprised 238 women with endometriosis and 201 healthy, fertile women without endometriosis (which was surgically confirmed). Genotyping was performed using the TaqMan system with a real-time polymerase chain reaction; the genotype, allele, and haplotype frequencies were then compared between groups. A single-polymorphism analysis revealed that the TT genotype of the rs7574865/T > G polymorphism was significantly more frequent in women with minimal or mild endometriosis than in the controls (10% vs. 5%, p = 0.047). The CGAC, GTAT, and GTAC haplotypes were significantly more frequent in the women with endometriosis-related infertility (5.8%, 4.1%, and 2.9%, respectively) than in the controls (2.4%, 1.1%, and 0.8%, respectively; p = 0.020, p = 0.011, and p = 0.032, respectively), but the GGGC and CTAT haplotypes were significantly more prevalent in the control group (34.7% and 13.9%, respectively) than among the infertile group (26.2% and 9.1%, respectively). In addition, the CGAC haplotype was more frequently found in those with minimal or mild endometriosis (6.8%) than in the controls (2.4%, p = 0.009), and the GTAT haplotype was more commonly found in those with moderate or severe disease (3.6%) than in the controls (1.1%, p = 0.028). These findings suggest that STAT4 polymorphisms can influence the pathogenesis of endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Bianco
- Human Reproduction and Genetics Center, Faculdade de Medicina ABC, Av. Lauro Gomes, 2000, Santo Andre/São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ramon Felix Martins Fernandes
- Human Reproduction and Genetics Center, Faculdade de Medicina ABC, Av. Lauro Gomes, 2000, Santo Andre/São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Camila Martins Trevisan
- Human Reproduction and Genetics Center, Faculdade de Medicina ABC, Av. Lauro Gomes, 2000, Santo Andre/São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Denise M Christofolini
- Human Reproduction and Genetics Center, Faculdade de Medicina ABC, Av. Lauro Gomes, 2000, Santo Andre/São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos Millán Sanz-Lomana
- Servicio de Obstetricia y Ginecología del Hospital Universitario Montepríncipe, Universidad CEU San Pablo, Calle Julián Romea, 18, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Valero de Bernabe
- Servicio de Obstetricia y Ginecología del Hospital Universitario Montepríncipe, Universidad CEU San Pablo, Calle Julián Romea, 18, Madrid, Spain
| | - Caio P Barbosa
- Human Reproduction and Genetics Center, Faculdade de Medicina ABC, Av. Lauro Gomes, 2000, Santo Andre/São Paulo, Brazil
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Duan M, Chen L, Ge Q, Lu N, Li J, Pan X, Qiao Y, Tu J, Lu Z. Evaluating heteroplasmic variations of the mitochondrial genome from whole genome sequencing data. Gene 2019; 699:145-154. [PMID: 30876822 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Detecting heteroplasmic variations in the mitochondrial genome can help identify potential pathogenic possibilities, which is significant for disease prevention. The development of next-generation sequencing changed the quantification of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) heteroplasmy from scanning limited recorded points to the entire mitochondrial genome. However, due to the presence of nuclear mtDNA homologous sequences (nuMTs), maximally retaining real variations while excluding falsest heteroplasmic variations from nuMTs and sequencing errors presents a dilemma. RESULTS Herein, we used an improved method for detecting low-frequency mtDNA heteroplasmic variations from whole genome sequencing data, including point variations and short-fragment length alterations, and evaluated the effect of this method. A two-step alignment was designed and performed to accelerate data processing, to obtain and retain the true mtDNA reads and to eliminate most nuMTs reads. After analyzing whole genome sequencing data of K562 and GM12878 cells, ~90% of heteroplasmic point variations were identified in MitoMap. The results were consistent with the results of an amplification refractory mutation system qPCR. Many linkages of the detected heteroplasmy variations were also discovered. CONCLUSIONS Our improved method is a simple, efficient and accurate way to mine mitochondrial low-frequency heteroplasmic variations from whole genome sequencing data. By evaluating the highest misalignment possibility caused by the remaining nuMTs-like reads and sequencing errors, our procedure can detect mtDNA heteroplasmic variations whose heteroplasmy frequencies are as low as 0.2%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqin Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Liang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Qinyu Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Na Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Junji Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Xuan Pan
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yi Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Jing Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
| | - Zuhong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
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The evolutionary genetics of lactase persistence in seven ethnic groups across the Iranian plateau. Hum Genomics 2019; 13:7. [PMID: 30744699 PMCID: PMC6371433 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-019-0195-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The ability to digest dietary lactose is associated with lactase persistence (LP) in the intestinal lumen in human. The genetic basis of LP has been investigated in many populations in the world. Iran has a long history of pastoralism and the daily consumption of dairy products; thus, we aim to assess how LP has evolved in the Iranian population. We recruited 400 adult individuals from seven Iranian ethnic groups, from whom we investigated their lactose tolerance and screened the genetic variants in their lactase gene locus. Results The LP frequency distribution ranged from 0 to 29.9% in the seven Iranian ethnic groups with an average value of 9.8%. The variants, − 13910*T and − 22018*A, were significantly associated with LP phenotype in Iranians. We found no evidence of hard selective sweep for − 13910*T and − 22018*A in Persians, the largest ethnic group of Iran. The extremely low frequency of − 13915*G in the Iranian population challenged the view that LP distribution in Iran resulted from the demic diffusion, especially mediated by the spread of Islam, from the Arabian Peninsula. Conclusions Our results indicate the distribution of LP in seven ethnic groups across the Iranian plateau. Soft selective sweep rather than hard selective sweep played a substantial role in the evolution of LP in Iranian populations. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s40246-019-0195-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Dzhaubermezov MA, Ekomasova NV, Reidla M, Litvinov SS, Gabidullina LR, Villems R, Khusnutdinova EK. Genetic Characterization of Balkars and Karachays Using mtDNA Data. RUSS J GENET+ 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795419010058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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36
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Pathak AK, Kadian A, Kushniarevich A, Montinaro F, Mondal M, Ongaro L, Singh M, Kumar P, Rai N, Parik J, Metspalu E, Rootsi S, Pagani L, Kivisild T, Metspalu M, Chaubey G, Villems R. The Genetic Ancestry of Modern Indus Valley Populations from Northwest India. Am J Hum Genet 2018; 103:918-929. [PMID: 30526867 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2018.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The Indus Valley has been the backdrop for several historic and prehistoric population movements between South Asia and West Eurasia. However, the genetic structure of present-day populations from Northwest India is poorly characterized. Here we report new genome-wide genotype data for 45 modern individuals from four Northwest Indian populations, including the Ror, whose long-term occupation of the region can be traced back to the early Vedic scriptures. Our results suggest that although the genetic architecture of most Northwest Indian populations fits well on the broader North-South Indian genetic cline, culturally distinct groups such as the Ror stand out by being genetically more akin to populations living west of India; such populations include prehistorical and early historical ancient individuals from the Swat Valley near the Indus Valley. We argue that this affinity is more likely a result of genetic continuity since the Bronze Age migrations from the Steppe Belt than a result of recent admixture. The observed patterns of genetic relationships both with modern and ancient West Eurasians suggest that the Ror can be used as a proxy for a population descended from the Ancestral North Indian (ANI) population. Collectively, our results show that the Indus Valley populations are characterized by considerable genetic heterogeneity that has persisted over thousands of years.
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Andersen MM, Balding DJ. How many individuals share a mitochondrial genome? PLoS Genet 2018; 14:e1007774. [PMID: 30383746 PMCID: PMC6233927 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is useful to assist with identification of the source of a biological sample, or to confirm matrilineal relatedness. Although the autosomal genome is much larger, mtDNA has an advantage for forensic applications of multiple copy number per cell, allowing better recovery of sequence information from degraded samples. In addition, biological samples such as fingernails, old bones, teeth and hair have mtDNA but little or no autosomal DNA. The relatively low mutation rate of the mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) means that there can be large sets of matrilineal-related individuals sharing a common mitogenome. Here we present the mitolina simulation software that we use to describe the distribution of the number of mitogenomes in a population that match a given mitogenome, and investigate its dependence on population size and growth rate, and on a database count of the mitogenome. Further, we report on the distribution of the number of meioses separating pairs of individuals with matching mitogenome. Our results have important implications for assessing the weight of mtDNA profile evidence in forensic science, but mtDNA analysis has many non-human applications, for example in tracking the source of ivory. Our methods and software can also be used for simulations to help validate models of population history in human or non-human populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikkel M. Andersen
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - David J. Balding
- Melbourne Integrative Genomics, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Genetics Institute, University College London, London, UK
- * E-mail:
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Sylvester C, Krishna MS, Rao JS, Chandrasekar A. Neolithic phylogenetic continuity inferred from complete mitochondrial DNA sequences in a tribal population of Southern India. Genetica 2018; 146:383-389. [PMID: 30032461 DOI: 10.1007/s10709-018-0030-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The subsequent human migrations that dispersed out of Africa, both prehistoric and historic and colonization of India by modern humans is unanimous, and phylogeny of major mitochondrial DNA haplogroups have played a key role in assessing the genetic origin of people of India. To address more such events, complete mitogenomes of 113 Melakudiya tribe of Southern India were sequenced and 46 individuals showed the presence of west Eurasian autochthonous haplogroups HV14 and U7. Phylogenetic analysis revealed two novel subclades HV14a1b and HV14a1b1 and sequences representing haplogroup U7 were included under previously described subclade U7a3a1a2* specific to India. Moreover, the present analysis on complete mtDNA reveals addition information of the spread and distribution of west Eurasian haplogroups in southern India, in tracing an unexplored genetic link between Melakudiya tribe with the people of Iranian Plateau, South Caucasus, and Central Asia. Coalescence ages of HV14 and U7a3a1a2* trees in the present study dates ~ 16.1 ± 4.3 and ~ 13.4 ± 5.6 kya respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Sylvester
- Department of Studies in Zoology, University of Mysore, Mysore, India.,Anthropological Survey of India, Southern Regional Center, Mysore, India
| | | | - Jaya Sankar Rao
- Anthropological Survey of India, Southern Regional Center, Mysore, India
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Gubina MA, Babenko VN, Voevoda MI. Polymorphism of Mitochondrial DNA in Population of Siberian Tatars from Barabinsk Forest Steppe. RUSS J GENET+ 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795418060066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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40
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Rusu I, Modi A, Vai S, Pilli E, Mircea C, Radu C, Urduzia C, Pinter ZK, Bodolică V, Dobrinescu C, Hervella M, Popescu O, Lari M, Caramelli D, Kelemen B. Maternal DNA lineages at the gate of Europe in the 10th century AD. PLoS One 2018. [PMID: 29538439 PMCID: PMC5851556 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0193578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Given the paucity of archaeogenetic data available for medieval European populations in comparison to other historical periods, the genetic landscape of this age appears as a puzzle of dispersed, small, known pieces. In particular, Southeastern Europe has been scarcely investigated to date. In this paper, we report the study of mitochondrial DNA in 10th century AD human samples from Capidava necropolis, located in Dobruja (Southeastern Romania, Southeastern Europe). This geographical region is particularly interesting because of the extensive population flux following diverse migration routes, and the complex interactions between distinct population groups during the medieval period. We successfully amplified and typed the mitochondrial control region of 10 individuals. For five of them, we also reconstructed the complete mitochondrial genomes using hybridization-based DNA capture combined with Next Generation Sequencing. We have portrayed the genetic structure of the Capidava medieval population, represented by 10 individuals displaying 8 haplotypes (U5a1c2a, V1a, R0a2’3, H1, U3a, N9a9, H5e1a1, and H13a1a3). Remarkable for this site is the presence of both Central Asiatic (N9a) and common European mtDNA haplotypes, establishing Capidava as a point of convergence between East and West. The distribution of mtDNA lineages in the necropolis highlighted the existence of two groups of two individuals with close maternal relationships as they share the same haplotypes. We also sketch, using comparative statistical and population genetic analyses, the genetic relationships between the investigated dataset and other medieval and modern Eurasian populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioana Rusu
- Molecular Biology Center, Interdisciplinary Research Institute on Bio-Nano-Sciences, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Geology, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- * E-mail: (IR); (AM)
| | - Alessandra Modi
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Firenze, Florence, Italy
- * E-mail: (IR); (AM)
| | - Stefania Vai
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Firenze, Florence, Italy
| | - Elena Pilli
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Firenze, Florence, Italy
| | - Cristina Mircea
- Molecular Biology Center, Interdisciplinary Research Institute on Bio-Nano-Sciences, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Geology, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Claudia Radu
- Molecular Biology Center, Interdisciplinary Research Institute on Bio-Nano-Sciences, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Faculty of History and Philosophy, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | | | - Zeno Karl Pinter
- Department of History, Heritage and Protestant Theology, Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu, Sibiu, Romania
- Institute of Social Sciences and Humanities, Romanian Academy, Sibiu, Romania
| | - Vitalie Bodolică
- Department of Research-Development and Projects, Museum of National History and Archeology, Constanța, Romania
| | - Cătălin Dobrinescu
- Department of Research-Development and Projects, Museum of National History and Archeology, Constanța, Romania
| | - Montserrat Hervella
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Octavian Popescu
- Molecular Biology Center, Interdisciplinary Research Institute on Bio-Nano-Sciences, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Geology, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Martina Lari
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Firenze, Florence, Italy
| | - David Caramelli
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Firenze, Florence, Italy
| | - Beatrice Kelemen
- Molecular Biology Center, Interdisciplinary Research Institute on Bio-Nano-Sciences, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Geology, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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New insights from Thailand into the maternal genetic history of Mainland Southeast Asia. Eur J Hum Genet 2018; 26:898-911. [PMID: 29483671 PMCID: PMC5974021 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-018-0113-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Tai-Kadai (TK) is one of the major language families in Mainland Southeast Asia (MSEA), with a concentration in the area of Thailand and Laos. Our previous study of 1234 mtDNA genome sequences supported a demic diffusion scenario in the spread of TK languages from southern China to Laos as well as northern and northeastern Thailand. Here we add an additional 560 mtDNA genomes from 22 groups, with a focus on the TK-speaking central Thai people and the Sino-Tibetan speaking Karen. We find extensive diversity, including 62 haplogroups not reported previously from this region. Demic diffusion is still a preferable scenario for central Thais, emphasizing the expansion of TK people through MSEA, although there is also some support for gene flow between central Thai and native Austroasiatic speaking Mon and Khmer. We also tested competing models concerning the genetic relationships of groups from the major MSEA languages, and found support for an ancestral relationship of TK and Austronesian-speaking groups.
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42
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Sharma I, Sharma V, Khan A, Kumar P, Rai E, Bamezai RNK, Vilar M, Sharma S. Ancient Human Migrations to and through Jammu Kashmir- India were not of Males Exclusively. Sci Rep 2018; 8:851. [PMID: 29339819 PMCID: PMC5770440 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-18893-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Jammu and Kashmir (J&K), the Northern most State of India, has been under-represented or altogether absent in most of the phylogenetic studies carried out in literature, despite its strategic location in the Himalayan region. Nonetheless, this region may have acted as a corridor to various migrations to and from mainland India, Eurasia or northeast Asia. The belief goes that most of the migrations post-late-Pleistocene were mainly male dominated, primarily associated with population invasions, where female migration may thus have been limited. To evaluate female-centered migration patterns in the region, we sequenced 83 complete mitochondrial genomes of unrelated individuals belonging to different ethnic groups from the state. We observed a high diversity in the studied maternal lineages, identifying 19 new maternal sub-haplogroups (HGs). High maternal diversity and our phylogenetic analyses suggest that the migrations post-Pleistocene were not strictly paternal, as described in the literature. These preliminary observations highlight the need to carry out an extensive study of the endogamous populations of the region to unravel many facts and find links in the peopling of India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indu Sharma
- Human Genetics Research Group, School of Biotechnology, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Katra, 182320, India
| | - Varun Sharma
- Human Genetics Research Group, School of Biotechnology, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Katra, 182320, India
| | - Akbar Khan
- Department of Zoology, University of Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, 180006, India
| | - Parvinder Kumar
- Department of Zoology, University of Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, 180006, India
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, 180006, India
| | - Ekta Rai
- Human Genetics Research Group, School of Biotechnology, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Katra, 182320, India
| | | | - Miguel Vilar
- The Genographic Project, National Geographic Society, Washington, DC, 20036, USA
| | - Swarkar Sharma
- Human Genetics Research Group, School of Biotechnology, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Katra, 182320, India.
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43
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The spectrum of Familial Mediterranean Fever gene ( MEFV ) mutations and genotypes in Iran, and report of a novel missense variant (R204H). Eur J Med Genet 2017; 60:701-705. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2017.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 09/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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44
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Peng MS, Xu W, Song JJ, Chen X, Sulaiman X, Cai L, Liu HQ, Wu SF, Gao Y, Abdulloevich NT, Afanasevna ME, Ibrohimovich KB, Chen X, Yang WK, Wu M, Li GM, Yang XY, Rakha A, Yao YG, Upur H, Zhang YP. Mitochondrial genomes uncover the maternal history of the Pamir populations. Eur J Hum Genet 2017; 26:124-136. [PMID: 29187735 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-017-0028-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The Pamirs, among the world's highest mountains in Central Asia, are one of homelands with the most extreme high altitude for several ethnic groups. The settlement history of modern humans on the Pamirs remains still opaque. Herein, we have sequenced the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) genomes of 382 individuals belonging to eight populations from the Pamirs and the surrounding lowlands in Central Asia. We construct the Central Asian (including both highlanders and lowlanders) mtDNA haplogroup tree at the highest resolution. All the matrilineal components are assigned into the defined mtDNA haplogroups in East and West Eurasians. No basal lineages that directly emanate from the Eurasian founder macrohaplogroups M, N, and R are found. Our data support the origin of Central Asian being the result of East-West Eurasian admixture. The coalescence ages for more than 93% mtDNA lineages in Central Asians are dated after the last glacial maximum (LGM). The post-LGM and/or later dispersals/admixtures play dominant roles in shaping the maternal gene pool of Central Asians. More importantly, our analyses reveal the mtDNA heterogeneity in the Pamir highlanders, not only between the Turkic Kyrgyz and the Indo-European Tajik groups, but also among three highland Tajiks. No evidence supports positive selection or relaxation of selective constraints in the mtDNAs of highlanders as compared to that of lowlanders. Our results suggest a complex history for the peopling of Pamirs by multiple waves of migrations from various genetic resources during different time scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Sheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, China
| | - Weifang Xu
- Key Laboratory of the Chinese Ministry of Education and Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region for High-Incident Diseases in Uighur Ethnic Population, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, China.,Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830000, China
| | - Jiao-Jiao Song
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, China.,Institute of Health Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Xing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, China
| | | | - Liuhong Cai
- The Second People's Hospital of Kashi, Kashi, 844000, China
| | - He-Qun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, China
| | - Shi-Fang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, China
| | - Yun Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, China
| | - Najmudinov Tojiddin Abdulloevich
- E.N. Pavlovsky Institute of Zoology and Parasitology, Academy of Sciences of Republic of Tajikistan, Dushanbe, 734025, Tajikistan
| | - Manilova Elena Afanasevna
- E.N. Pavlovsky Institute of Zoology and Parasitology, Academy of Sciences of Republic of Tajikistan, Dushanbe, 734025, Tajikistan
| | - Khudoidodov Behruz Ibrohimovich
- E.N. Pavlovsky Institute of Zoology and Parasitology, Academy of Sciences of Republic of Tajikistan, Dushanbe, 734025, Tajikistan
| | - Xi Chen
- Research Center for Ecology and Environment of Central Asia, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China.,Key Laboratory of Biogeography and Bioresource in Arid Land, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China
| | - Wei-Kang Yang
- Research Center for Ecology and Environment of Central Asia, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China.,Key Laboratory of Biogeography and Bioresource in Arid Land, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China
| | - Miao Wu
- Research Center for Ecology and Environment of Central Asia, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China.,Key Laboratory of Biogeography and Bioresource in Arid Land, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China
| | - Gui-Mei Li
- Kunming Biological Diversity Regional Center of Large Apparatus and Equipments, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, China
| | - Xing-Yan Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China
| | - Allah Rakha
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, 650223, China.,Department of Forensic Sciences, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, 54600, Pakistan
| | - Yong-Gang Yao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, 650223, China.,KIZ/CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming, 650223, China.,Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650204, China
| | - Halmurat Upur
- Key Laboratory of the Chinese Ministry of Education and Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region for High-Incident Diseases in Uighur Ethnic Population, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, China.
| | - Ya-Ping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, China. .,State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China. .,KIZ/CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming, 650223, China. .,Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650204, China.
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Manco L, Albuquerque J, Sousa MF, Martiniano R, de Oliveira RC, Marques S, Gomes V, Amorim A, Alvarez L, Prata MJ. The Eastern side of the Westernmost Europeans: Insights from subclades within Y-chromosome haplogroup J-M304. Am J Hum Biol 2017; 30. [PMID: 29193490 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We examined internal lineages and haplotype diversity in Portuguese samples belonging to J-M304 to improve the spatial and temporal understanding of the introduction of this haplogroup in Iberia, using the available knowledge about the phylogeography of its main branches, J1-M267 and J2-M172. METHODS A total of 110 males of Portuguese descent were analyzed for 17 Y-chromosome bi-allelic markers and seven Y-chromosome short tandem repeats (Y-STR) loci. RESULTS Among J1-M267 individuals (n = 36), five different sub-haplogroups were identified, with the most common being J1a2b2-L147.1 (∼72%), which encompassed the majority of representatives of the J1a2b-P58 subclade. One sample belonged to the rare J1a1-M365.1 lineage and presented a core Y-STR haplotype consistent with the Iberian settlement during the fifth century by the Alans, a people of Iranian heritage. The analysis of J2-M172 Portuguese males (n = 74) enabled the detection of the two main subclades at very dissimilar frequencies, J2a-M410 (∼80%) and J2b-M12 (∼20%), among which the most common branches were J2a1(xJ2a1b,h)-L26 (22.9%), J2a1b(xJ2a1b1)-M67 (20.3%), J2a1h-L24 (27%), and J2b2-M241 (20.3%). CONCLUSIONS While previous inferences based on modern haplogroup J Y-chromosomes implicated a main Neolithic dissemination, here we propose a later arrival of J lineages into Iberia using a combination of novel Portuguese Y-chromosomal data and recent evidence from ancient DNA. Our analysis suggests that a substantial tranche of J1-M267 lineages was likely carried into the Iberian Peninsula as a consequence of the trans-Mediterranean contacts during the first millennium BC, while most of the J2-M172 lineages may be associated with post-Neolithic population movements within Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Licínio Manco
- Research Centre for Anthropology and Health (CIAS), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Joana Albuquerque
- Research Centre for Anthropology and Health (CIAS), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria Francisca Sousa
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Martiniano
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambs CB10 1SA, United Kingdom
| | | | - Sofia Marques
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Verónica Gomes
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - António Amorim
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences of the University of Porto (FCUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Luís Alvarez
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria João Prata
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences of the University of Porto (FCUP), Porto, Portugal
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Derenko M, Denisova G, Malyarchuk B, Dambueva I, Bazarov B. Mitogenomic diversity and differentiation of the Buryats. J Hum Genet 2017; 63:71-81. [PMID: 29215085 DOI: 10.1038/s10038-017-0370-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In this paper we present a results of first comprehensive study of the complete mitogenomes in the Buryats with regard to their belonging to the main regional (eastern and western Buryats); tribal (Khori, Ekhirid, Bulagad, and Khongodor), and ethno-territorial (Aginsk, Alar, Balagansk, Barguzin, Ida, Khorinsk, Kuda, Selenga, Verkholensk, Olkhon, Tunka, and Shenehen Buryats) groups. The analysis of molecular variation performed using regional, tribal, and ethno-territorial divisions of the Buryats showed lack of genetic differentiation at all levels. Nonetheless, the complete mitogenome analysis revealed a very high level of genetic diversity in the Buryats which is the highest among Siberian populations and comparable to that in populations of eastern and western Asia. The AMOVA and MDS analyses results imply to a strong genetic similarity between the Buryats and eastern Asian populations of Chinese and Japanese, suggesting their origin on the basis of common maternal ancestry components. Several new Buryat-specific branches of haplogroup G (G2a2a, G2a1i, G2a5a) display signals of dispersals dating to 2.6-6.6 kya with a possible origin in eastern Asia, thus testifying Bronze Age and Neolithic arrival of ancestral eastern Asian component to the South Siberia region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslava Derenko
- Genetics Laboratory, Institute of Biological Problems of the North, Russian Academy of Sciences, Magadan, Russia.
| | - Galina Denisova
- Genetics Laboratory, Institute of Biological Problems of the North, Russian Academy of Sciences, Magadan, Russia
| | - Boris Malyarchuk
- Genetics Laboratory, Institute of Biological Problems of the North, Russian Academy of Sciences, Magadan, Russia
| | - Irina Dambueva
- Institute of Mongolian, Buddhist and Tibetan Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulan-Ude, Russia
| | - Boris Bazarov
- Institute of Mongolian, Buddhist and Tibetan Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulan-Ude, Russia
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Molto JE, Loreille O, Mallott EK, Malhi RS, Fast S, Daniels-Higginbotham J, Marshall C, Parr R. Complete Mitochondrial Genome Sequencing of a Burial from a Romano-Christian Cemetery in the Dakhleh Oasis, Egypt: Preliminary Indications. Genes (Basel) 2017; 8:genes8100262. [PMID: 28984839 PMCID: PMC5664112 DOI: 10.3390/genes8100262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The curse of ancient Egyptian DNA was lifted by a recent study which sequenced the mitochondrial genomes (mtGenome) of 90 ancient Egyptians from the archaeological site of Abusir el-Meleq. Surprisingly, these ancient inhabitants were more closely related to those from the Near East than to contemporary Egyptians. It has been accepted that the timeless highway of the Nile River seeded Egypt with African genetic influence, well before pre-Dynastic times. Here we report on the successful recovery and analysis of the complete mtGenome from a burial recovered from a remote Romano–Christian cemetery, Kellis 2 (K2). K2 serviced the ancient municipality of Kellis, a village located in the Dakhleh Oasis in the southwest desert in Egypt. The data were obtained by high throughput sequencing (HTS) performed independently at two ancient DNA facilities (Armed Forces DNA Identification Laboratory, Dover, DE, USA and Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA). These efforts produced concordant haplotypes representing a U1a1a haplogroup lineage. This result indicates that Near Eastern maternal influence previously identified at Abusir el-Meleq was also present further south, in ancient Kellis during the Romano–Christian period.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Eldon Molto
- Department of Anthropology, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada.
| | - Odile Loreille
- Armed Forces Medical Examiner System-Armed Forces DNA Identification Laboratory (AFMES/AFDIL), Dover, DE 19902, USA.
| | - Elizabeth K Mallott
- Department of Anthropology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
| | - Ripan S Malhi
- Department of Anthropology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 109 Davenport Hall, 607 S. Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL 61801, USA & Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
| | - Spence Fast
- Armed Forces Medical Examiner System-Armed Forces DNA Identification Laboratory (AFMES/AFDIL), Dover, DE 19902, USA.
| | - Jennifer Daniels-Higginbotham
- Armed Forces Medical Examiner System-Armed Forces DNA Identification Laboratory (AFMES/AFDIL), Dover, DE 19902, USA.
| | - Charla Marshall
- Armed Forces Medical Examiner System-Armed Forces DNA Identification Laboratory (AFMES/AFDIL), Dover, DE 19902, USA.
| | - Ryan Parr
- Department of Anthropology, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada.
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48
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Rakha A, Fatima, Peng MS, Adan A, Bi R, Yasmin M, Yao YG. mtDNA sequence diversity of Hazara ethnic group from Pakistan. Forensic Sci Int Genet 2017; 30:e1-e5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2017.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2017] [Revised: 07/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/08/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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49
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Ullah I, Olofsson JK, Margaryan A, Ilardo M, Ahmad H, Sikora M, Hansen AJ, Shahid Nadeem M, Fazal N, Ali M, Buchard A, Hemphill BE, Willerslev E, Allentoft ME. High Y-chromosomal Differentiation Among Ethnic Groups of Dir and Swat Districts, Pakistan. Ann Hum Genet 2017; 81:234-248. [PMID: 28771684 DOI: 10.1111/ahg.12204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The ethnic groups that inhabit the mountainous Dir and Swat districts of northern Pakistan are marked by high levels of cultural and phenotypic diversity. To obtain knowledge of the extent of genetic diversity in this region, we investigated Y-chromosomal diversity in five population samples representing the three main ethnic groups residing within these districts, including Gujars, Pashtuns and Kohistanis. A total of 27 Y-chromosomal short tandem repeats (Y-STRs) and 331 Y-chromosomal single nucleotide polymorphisms (Y-SNPs) were investigated. In the Y-STRs, we observed very high and significant levels of genetic differentiation in nine of the 10 pairwise between-group comparisons (RST 0.179-0.746), and the differences were mirrored in the Y-SNP haplogroup frequency distribution. No genetic differences were found between the two Pashtun subethnic groups Tarklanis and Yusafzais (RST = 0.000). Utmankhels, also considered Pashtuns culturally, were not closely related to any of the other population samples (RST 0.451-0.746). Thus, our findings provide examples of both associations and dissociations between cultural and genetic legacies. When analyzed within a larger continental-scale context, these five ethnic groups fall mostly outside the previously characterized Y-chromosomal gene pools of the Indo-Pakistani subcontinent. Male founder effects, coupled with culturally and topographically based constraints upon marriage and movement, are likely responsible for the high degree of genetic structure in this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inam Ullah
- Department of Genetics, Hazara University, Garden Campus, Mansehra, Pakistan.,Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jill K Olofsson
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Ashot Margaryan
- Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Melissa Ilardo
- Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Habib Ahmad
- Department of Genetics, Hazara University, Garden Campus, Mansehra, Pakistan.,Islamia University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Martin Sikora
- Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders J Hansen
- Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Muhammad Shahid Nadeem
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Numan Fazal
- Department of Genetics, Hazara University, Garden Campus, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - Murad Ali
- Department of Genetics, Hazara University, Garden Campus, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - Anders Buchard
- Department of Forensic Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Brian E Hemphill
- Department of Anthropology, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, AK, USA
| | - Eske Willerslev
- Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Morten E Allentoft
- Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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50
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Margaryan A, Derenko M, Hovhannisyan H, Malyarchuk B, Heller R, Khachatryan Z, Avetisyan P, Badalyan R, Bobokhyan A, Melikyan V, Sargsyan G, Piliposyan A, Simonyan H, Mkrtchyan R, Denisova G, Yepiskoposyan L, Willerslev E, Allentoft ME. Eight Millennia of Matrilineal Genetic Continuity in the South Caucasus. Curr Biol 2017; 27:2023-2028.e7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2017.05.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2017] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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