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Albarrán Fernández V, Ballestín Martínez P, Stoltenborg Granhøj J, Borch TH, Donia M, Marie Svane I. Biomarkers for response to TIL therapy: a comprehensive review. J Immunother Cancer 2024; 12:e008640. [PMID: 38485186 PMCID: PMC10941183 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2023-008640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Adoptive cell therapy with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) has demonstrated durable clinical responses in patients with metastatic melanoma, substantiated by recent positive results of the first phase III trial on TIL therapy. Being a demanding and logistically complex treatment, extensive preclinical and clinical effort is required to optimize patient selection by identifying predictive biomarkers of response. This review aims to comprehensively summarize the current evidence regarding the potential impact of tumor-related factors (such as mutational burden, neoantigen load, immune infiltration, status of oncogenic driver genes, and epigenetic modifications), patient characteristics (including disease burden and location, baseline cytokines and lactate dehydrogenase serum levels, human leucocyte antigen haplotype, or prior exposure to immune checkpoint inhibitors and other anticancer therapies), phenotypic features of the transferred T cells (mainly the total cell count, CD8:CD4 ratio, ex vivo culture time, expression of exhaustion markers, costimulatory signals, antitumor reactivity, and scope of target tumor-associated antigens), and other treatment-related factors (such as lymphodepleting chemotherapy and postinfusion administration of interleukin-2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Albarrán Fernández
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
- Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Department of Medical Oncology, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Ballestín Martínez
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
- Clínico San Carlos University Hospital, Department of Medical Oncology, Madrid, Spain
| | - Joachim Stoltenborg Granhøj
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Troels Holz Borch
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Marco Donia
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Inge Marie Svane
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
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Angelova-Toshkina D, Weide B, Tietze LF, Hebst M, Tietze JK. Correlation of Baseline Tumor Burden with Clinical Outcome in Melanoma Patients Treated with Ipilimumab. Oncology 2023; 102:76-84. [PMID: 37579734 DOI: 10.1159/000533504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tumor burden is a frequently mentioned parameter; however, a commonly accepted definition is still lacking. METHODS In this double-center prospective and retrospective study, 76 patients with unresectable stage III or stage IV melanoma treated with ipilimumab were included. We defined the baseline tumor burden (BTB) as the global sum of all metastases' longest diameters before treatment started and correlated the calculated BTB with disease control rate (DCR), progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and with the baseline levels of LDH, S100B, and sULPB2. RESULTS BTB correlated significantly with DCR (p = 0.009), PFS (p = 0.002), OS (p = 0.032), and the occurrence of NRAS mutation (p = 0.006). BTB was also correlated to baseline serum levels of LDH (p = 0.011), S100B (p = 0.027), and SULBP (p < 0.0001). Multivariate analysis revealed that BPB and LDH were independently correlated with PFS and OS. With increasing BTB, disease control was less likely; no patient with a BTB >200 mm achieved disease control. For patients with brain metastasis, no correlation of BTB with DCR (p = 0.251), PFS (p = 0.059), or OS (p = 0.981) was observed. CONCLUSION Calculated BTB is an independent prognostic factor for patients with metastatic melanoma treated with ipilimumab. Using calculated BTB as a definition of tumor burden may help increase comparability of outcome of therapies in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Benjamin Weide
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Lutz F Tietze
- Institute of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Michelle Hebst
- Clinic and Policlinic for Dermatology and Venereology, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Julia K Tietze
- Clinic and Policlinic for Dermatology and Venereology, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock, Germany
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Shabaka FH, Rashed LA, Said M, Ibrahim L. Sensitivity of serum S100B protein as a disease activity marker in Egyptian patients with vitiligo (case-control study). Arch Physiol Biochem 2022; 128:930-937. [PMID: 32188291 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2020.1739717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitiligo is a depigmented skin disease. S100B is a damage-associated molecular pattern protein proposed as a marker of melanocyte cytotoxicity. AIM To detect the sensitivity of serum levels of S100B as a disease activity marker in vitiligo patients. METHODS Four patient groups of both sexes: twenty segmental vitiligo, twenty non-segmental active vitiligo patients, twenty non-segmental stable vitiligo patients and thirty healthy controls age and sex-matched, patients were subjected to vitiligo disease activity score (VIDA score) and Vitiligo Extent Tensity Index (VETI) score. RESULTS An increased level of S100B was observed in patients with vitiligo compared to control, there was statistically significant increase in its level in non- segmental-active than non-segmental stable and segmental-stable. Roc analysis for S100B to predict cases vs control was confirmed by getting cut off point 80.2 pg/ml, with high sensitivity 96.67 and high specificity 96.67. Roc analysis for S100B to predict non-segmental-active versus segmental and non-segmental was also confirmed by getting cut off point 118.3 pg/ml, with sensitivity 80.0 and specificity 77.50. CONCLUSION S100B can be used as indicators for disease activity with high sensitivity and specificity in Egyptian vitiligo patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma H Shabaka
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine (for girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Laila A Rashed
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Marwa Said
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine (for girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Lobna Ibrahim
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine (for girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
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Fujibuchi T, Imai H, Kidani T, Morino T, Miura H. Serum lactate dehydrogenase levels predict the prognosis of patients with soft tissue sarcoma. Mol Clin Oncol 2022; 16:65. [PMID: 35154705 PMCID: PMC8822601 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2022.2498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies have reported the prognostic factors for soft tissue sarcoma. Although serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels are associated with poor prognosis in several types of cancer, their role in soft tissue sarcomas remains unclear. Therefore, the present study evaluated the association between serum LDH levels and the clinical characteristics and prognosis of soft tissue sarcoma. A total of 103 patients diagnosed with primary soft tissue sarcoma between 2003 and 2019 were retrospectively examined, and the association between serum LDH levels at the first visit and clinical characteristics were analysed. In high-grade soft tissue sarcoma, the association between survival and clinical characteristics, including stratified LDH levels, was also analysed. Serum LDH levels were stratified (>253 and ≤253 IU/l) according to the standard values used at our institution. High serum LDH levels were significantly associated with the presence of metastasis and histological grade (P<0.001 and 0.040, respectively). In both the univariate and multivariate analyses, disease-specific survival (DSS) was significantly worse in patients with high-grade soft tissue sarcoma and high serum LDH levels than in patients with normal serum LDH levels (univariate analysis: P=0.025; multivariate analysis: Hazard ratio, 4.60; 95% confidence interval, 1.16-18.2; P=0.030). In conclusion, high serum LDH levels at the first visit predicted the presence of distant metastasis, high histological grade and worse DSS in patients with high-grade soft tissue sarcoma. Therefore, in patients with high serum LDH levels at the first visit, these risks should be considered during pretreatment examinations and post-treatment follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taketsugu Fujibuchi
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Imai
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan
| | - Teruki Kidani
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan
| | - Tadao Morino
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Miura
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime 791-0295, Japan
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Guddati AK, Picon H. Analysis of Demographics and Outcomes of Surgical Resection in the Central Nervous System of Patients With Metastatic Melanoma. World J Oncol 2022; 12:225-231. [PMID: 35059082 PMCID: PMC8734505 DOI: 10.14740/wjon1408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Patients with melanoma frequently develop central nervous system metastases. Oligometastatic disease is often treated either by surgical resection or by stereotactic radiotherapy. This study investigates the trends and clinical outcomes of patients with melanoma who have undergone surgical procedures on the central nervous system during their hospitalization. Methods A retrospective study was performed based on admissions of adult patients who underwent craniotomy for metastatic melanoma from 2000 to 2014 using the Nationwide Inpatient Sample database. The primary outcome measure was all-cause in-hospital mortality. Secondary outcomes included hospital length of stay (LOS) and discharge disposition (home/home with health care and skilled nursing facilities/long-term acute care (SNFs/LTAC)). Factors associated with in-hospital mortality were examined by multivariable logistic regression. We adjusted for patient and hospital characteristics, payer, and comorbid conditions. We also examined trends of mortality for the study years. Results There were an estimated 1,216 discharges of patients with melanoma undergoing craniotomy during the study period. Patients undergoing surgical interventions were typically males (69%) and whites (79%). Ninety-eight percent of procedures were performed at teaching hospitals. Unadjusted all-cause in-hospital mortality was 3.1%. There was no significant difference in mortality over 13 years. Age, gender, and race were not associated with increased in-hospital mortality. LOS was longer in elderly and those with higher Charlson Comorbidity Index. Of the survivors, 76% were discharged to home or with home healthcare while 24% were discharged to SNFs/LTAC. Patients with age > 65 (odds ratio (OR): 2.9; 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.2 - 3.9, P < 0.001) and those with higher Charlson Comorbidity Index (OR: 1.2; 95% CI: 1.1 - 1.3) had higher odds for being discharged to SNFs/LTAC. Conclusions Patients who undergo craniotomy for metastatic melanoma have a low in-hospital mortality rate. One quarter of patients were discharged to SNFs/LTAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achuta Kumar Guddati
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Hector Picon
- Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
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Janka EA, Várvölgyi T, Sipos Z, Soós A, Hegyi P, Kiss S, Dembrovszky F, Csupor D, Kéringer P, Pécsi D, Solymár M, Emri G. Predictive Performance of Serum S100B Versus LDH in Melanoma Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Oncol 2021; 11:772165. [PMID: 34950582 PMCID: PMC8688362 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.772165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Currently, no consensus on the use of blood tests for monitoring disease recurrence in patients with resected melanoma exists. The only meta-analysis conducted in 2008 found that elevated serum S100B levels were associated with significantly worse survival in melanoma patients. Serum LDH is an established prognostic factor in patients with advanced melanoma. Objective To compare the discriminative and prognostic ability of serum S100B with that of serum LDH in patients with melanoma. Methods This systematic review and meta-analysis were reported in accordance with the PRISMA Statement. The study protocol was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO; CRD42019137138). Results A quantitative analysis of data from 6 eligible studies included 1,033 patients with cutaneous melanoma. The discriminative ability of serum S100B at identifying disease relapse [pooled Area Under the ROC (AUROC) 78.64 (95% CI 70.28; 87.01)] was significantly greater than the discriminative ability of serum LDH [AUROC 64.41 (95% CI 56.05; 7278)] (p=0.013). Ten eligible studies with 1,987 patients were included in the risk of death analysis. The prognostic performance of serum S100B [pooled estimate of adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 1.78 (95% CI 1.38; 2.29)] was independent but not superior to that of serum LDH [HR 1.60 (95% CI 1.36; 2.29)]. Limitations A relatively small number of articles were eligible and there was considerable heterogeneity across the included studies. Conclusions Serum biomarkers may provide relevant information on melanoma patient status and should be further researched. Serum S100B is a valid marker for diagnosis of melanoma recurrence. Systematic Review Registration The study protocol was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO; CRD42019137138).
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Affiliation(s)
- Eszter Anna Janka
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tünde Várvölgyi
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Sipos
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Alexandra Soós
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Péter Hegyi
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Szabolcs Kiss
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.,Doctoral School of Clinical Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Fanni Dembrovszky
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Dezső Csupor
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.,Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Patrik Kéringer
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Dániel Pécsi
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Margit Solymár
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Gabriella Emri
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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Gaebe K, Li AY, Das S. Clinical Biomarkers for Early Identification of Patients with Intracranial Metastatic Disease. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13235973. [PMID: 34885083 PMCID: PMC8656478 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13235973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The development of brain metastases, or intracranial metastatic disease (IMD), is a serious and life-altering complication for many patients with cancer. While there have been substantial advancements in the treatments available for IMD and in our understanding of its pathogenesis, conventional methods remain insufficient to detect IMD at an early stage. In this review, we discuss current research on biomarkers specific to IMD. In particular, we highlight biomarkers that can be easily accessed via the bloodstream or cerebrospinal fluid, including circulating tumor cells and DNA, as well as advanced imaging techniques. The continued development of these assays could enable clinicians to detect IMD prior to the development of IMD-associated symptoms and ultimately improve patient prognosis and survival. Abstract Nearly 30% of patients with cancer will develop intracranial metastatic disease (IMD), and more than half of these patients will die within a few months following their diagnosis. In light of the profound effect of IMD on survival and quality of life, there is significant interest in identifying biomarkers that could facilitate the early detection of IMD or identify patients with cancer who are at high IMD risk. In this review, we will highlight early efforts to identify biomarkers of IMD and consider avenues for future investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Gaebe
- Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King’s College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 3K1, Canada; (K.G.); (A.Y.L.)
| | - Alyssa Y. Li
- Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King’s College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 3K1, Canada; (K.G.); (A.Y.L.)
| | - Sunit Das
- Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King’s College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 3K1, Canada; (K.G.); (A.Y.L.)
- Division of Neurosurgery, St. Michael’s Hospital, University of Toronto, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada
- Correspondence:
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Badran AY, Gomaa AS, El-Mahdy RI, El Zohne RA, Kamal DT, Abou-Taleb DAE. Serum level of S100B in vitiligo patients: Is it a marker of disease activity? Australas J Dermatol 2020; 62:e67-e72. [PMID: 32951206 DOI: 10.1111/ajd.13462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitiligo is a chronic depigmentary skin disorder, characterised clinically by the development of white macules and or patches caused by loss of epidermal melanocytes. S100B is a dual function protein released from epidermal melanocytes in response to injury. It considered a possible marker of disease activity in both malignant melanoma and vitiligo. AIM OF THE STUDY To estimate the serum level of S100B level in vitiligo patients and correlate its level with disease activity and various disease parameters. PATIENTS AND METHODS Sixty vitiligo patients and 60 healthy volunteers as controls were included in the study. Vitiligo Area Severity Index (VASI) and Vitiligo Disease Activity (VIDA) scores were estimated for each patient. Quantitative assessment of S100B level using ELISA technique was done for all participants. RESULTS S100B level was significantly correlated with the presence of vitiligo (P = 0.01), while it showed no correlation with the disease activity using VASI or VIDA scores. As regards the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis of S100B for diagnosis and discrimination of vitiligo, serum S100B showed area under the curve (AUC) of 0.781 with 73.3% sensitivity and 80% specificity. CONCLUSION The serum level of S100B was related to the presence of vitiligo, but its level did not show any relation to the disease activity using either VASI and VIDA scores or various disease parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Y Badran
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Andrology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Shawky Gomaa
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Andrology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Reham I El-Mahdy
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Randa Ahmed El Zohne
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Dalia Tarik Kamal
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Doaa A E Abou-Taleb
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Andrology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
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Teshima Y, Kizaki M, Kurihara R, Kano R, Harumiya M. Interim analysis for post-marketing surveillance of dabrafenib and trametinib combination therapy in Japanese patients with unresectable and metastatic melanoma with BRAF V600 mutation. Int J Clin Oncol 2020; 25:1870-1878. [PMID: 32699976 PMCID: PMC7498495 DOI: 10.1007/s10147-020-01737-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the safety and efficacy of dabrafenib and trametinib combination therapy for BRAF V600 mutation-positive unresectable and metastatic melanoma in over 100 Japanese patients of a real-world clinical setting. Patients The surveillance period of interim post-marketing surveillance (PMS) analysis was from June 2016 to November 2018, and 112 patients with unresectable and metastatic BRAF V600 melanoma who received dabrafenib and trametinib were enrolled. Results The safety analysis set included 112 patients whom almost all patients had stage IV disease (n = 97, 86.61%) with an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status 0 or 1 (n = 102, 91.07%), and mean (standard deviation) lactate dehydrogenase level was 354.3 (456.4) U/L (n = 105) at baseline. Median daily dose of dabrafenib was 300.0 mg/day (118–300), and median daily dose of trametinib was 2.00 mg/day (1.0–4.0). Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) were reported in 84 patients (75%), and common ADRs (incidence ≥ 5%) were pyrexia (n = 49, 43.75%), hepatic function abnormal (n = 11, 9.82%), rash and blood creatine phosphokinase increased (n = 9 each, 8.04%), and erythema nodosum (n = 6, 5.36%). Majority of ADRs reported in this study were consistent with that reported in previous trials. In the efficacy analysis set of 110 patients, the objective response rate was 55.45% (95% confidence interval 45.67–64.93%), and median progression-free survival was 384.0 days (251.0 days-not reached). Conclusions No new safety or efficacy concerns were observed in this interim PMS analysis in Japanese patients with unresectable and metastatic melanoma with BRAF gene mutation who received dabrafenib and trametinib combination therapy. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s10147-020-01737-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasutomo Teshima
- Re-Examination, Patient Safety Japan Re-Examination, Regulatory Office Japan, Novartis Pharma K.K., Toranomon Hills Mori Tower, 1-23-1, Toranomon, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-6333, Japan.
| | - Minako Kizaki
- PVO Japan, Patient Safety Japan, Regulatory Office Japan, Novartis Pharma K.K., Toranomon Hills Mori Tower, 1-23-1, Toranomon, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-6333, Japan
| | - Ryohei Kurihara
- Biostatistics, Clinical Development, Novartis Pharma K.K., Toranomon Hills Mori Tower, 1-23-1, Toranomon, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-6333, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Kano
- Solid Tumor Medical Franchise Department, Oncology Medical Affairs Department, Novartis Pharma K.K., Toranomon Hills Mori Tower, 1-23-1, Toranomon, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-6333, Japan
| | - Miki Harumiya
- Clinical Development of Solid Tumor Oncology Group, Clinical Development Department, Novartis Pharma K.K., Toranomon Hills Mori Tower, 1-23-1, Toranomon, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-6333, Japan
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Kondrup M, Nygaard AD, Madsen JS, Bechmann T. S100B as a biomarker for brain metastases in patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Biomed Rep 2020; 12:204-208. [PMID: 32190309 PMCID: PMC7054701 DOI: 10.3892/br.2020.1277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain metastases are frequent in patients with lung cancer and a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Finding a biomarker predicting brain metastases could facilitate early start of treatment and thereby reduce morbidity and possibly improve overall survival. Previous studies suggest S100B as a possible biomarker for this purpose. This prospective study enrolled 185 patients with newly diagnosed stage IV non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). A total of 22 patients had brain metastases verified by magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomography at the time of enrollment. Serum S100B levels were measured in blood samples collected prior to any treatment from 22 patients who had brain metastases at enrollment and from 50 patients randomly selected from the remaining 163 patients without brain metastases at enrollment. No statistically significant difference was found in the levels of serum S100B between patients with and without brain metastases [range 0.018-0.209 µg/l, mean 0.049 µg/l, 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.032-0.061 µg/l] and (range 0.016-0.130 µg/i, mean 0.044 µg/l, 95% CI, 0.037-0.051 µg/l), respectively, (P=0.852). Univariate analysis of prognostic factors for S100B indicated a correlation (P<0.2) with sex (P=0.088) and histology (adenocarcinoma vs. squamous cell carcinoma/others) (P=0.028). In the multivariate analysis only histology (P=0.029) remained statistically significant. Conclusion: The present study found no significant correlation between the level of serum S100B and the presence of brain metastases in patients with advanced NSCLC. The clear cut-off of S100B in patients with and without brain metastases reported in other studies could not be verified in this study. Further studies investigating the role of S100B as a biomarker for brain metastases in non-small cell lung cancer are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Kondrup
- Department of Oncology, Vejle Hospital, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, 7100 Vejle, Denmark
| | | | - Jonna Skov Madsen
- Institute of Regional Health Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark
- Biochemistry and Immunology, Lillebaelt Hospital, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, 7100 Vejle, Denmark
| | - Troels Bechmann
- Department of Oncology, Vejle Hospital, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, 7100 Vejle, Denmark
- Institute of Regional Health Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark
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Wahl RU, Leijs M, Araujo A, Rübben A. Correlative Monitoring of Immune Activation and Tissue Damage in Malignant Melanoma-An Algorithm for Identification of Tolerance Breakage During Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy of Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E2020. [PMID: 32188047 PMCID: PMC7139313 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21062020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe an innovative approach for identification of tolerance breakage during immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy in malignant melanoma. Checkpoint inhibitor therapy enhances the immunologic clearance of cancer by suppressing pathways which induce immune suppression and tolerance. We posit that by analyzing temporal correlations of key markers of immune activation and tissue damage it would be possible to detect the onset of anticancer immune reaction as well as of immunologic adverse effects which might become crucial for optimization as well as safety of immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment. We analyzed time courses of routine laboratory values of serum tumor markers as well as of markers of immune activation in 17 patients with metastasized malignant melanoma receiving checkpoint inhibition and weekly laboratory controls. A parallel serum level increase of interleukin-6 and the tumor marker S100B could be identified in 13 patients, suggesting that the onset of tolerance breakage under checkpoint inhibition may be identified and measured. Immune-related adverse events in the patients were also accompanied by a peak of IL-6. In six patients, the onset of a putative anticancer immune reaction and the beginning of immunologic adverse events occurred in the same treatment cycle; in six patients the immunologic adverse reactions took place in separate cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renate U. Wahl
- Department of Dermatology, Euregio Skin Cancer Center, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (R.U.W.)
| | - Marike Leijs
- Department of Dermatology, Euregio Skin Cancer Center, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (R.U.W.)
- Department of Dermatology, Sint-Nikolaus Hospital, Hufengasse 4-8, 4700 Eupen, Belgium
| | - Arturo Araujo
- The AIWorks Research Lab, 7 Gower St, London WC1E 6HA, UK;
- Department of Computer Science, University College London, Malet Place, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Albert Rübben
- Department of Dermatology, Euregio Skin Cancer Center, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (R.U.W.)
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12
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Abstract
Genes in the S100 family are abnormally expressed in a variety of tumor cells and are associated with clinical pathology, but their prognostic value in melanoma patients has not yet been fully elucidated. In this study, we extracted and profiled S100 family mRNA expression data and corresponding clinical data from the Gene Expression Omnibus database to analyze how expression of these genes correlates with clinical pathology. Compared with normal skin, S100A1, S100A13, and S100B were expressed at significantly higher levels in melanoma samples. S100A2, S100A7, S100A8, S100A9, S100A10, S100A11, and S100P were all highly expressed in primary melanoma samples but were expressed at low levels in metastatic melanoma, and all of these genes were strongly correlated with each other (P<0.001). We found the expression of these S100 family genes to be significantly correlated with both lymphatic and distant melanoma metastasis, as well as with American Joint Committee on Cancer grade but not with Clark’s grade, age, or sex. This suggests that expression of these genes may be related to the degree of tumor invasion. Although further validation through basic and clinical trials is needed, our results suggest that the S100 family genes have the potential to play an important role in the diagnosis of melanoma. S100 expression may be related to tumor invasion and may facilitate the early diagnosis of melanoma, allowing for a more accurate prognosis. Targeted S100 therapies are also potentially viable strategies in the context of melanoma.
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13
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Neagu M, Constantin C, Caruntu C, Dumitru C, Surcel M, Zurac S. Inflammation: A key process in skin tumorigenesis. Oncol Lett 2019; 17:4068-4084. [PMID: 30944600 PMCID: PMC6444305 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The extremely delicate shift from an inflammatory process to tumorigenesis is a field of major scientific interest. While the inflammation induced by environmental agents has well known underlying mechanisms, less is known concerning the oncogenic changes that follow an inflammatory chronic status in the tissue microenvironment that can lead to pro-tumorigenic processes. Regardless of the origin of the environmental factors, the maintenance of an inflammatory microenvironment is a clear condition that favors tumorigenesis. Inflammation sustains the proliferation and survival of malignant transformed cells, can promote angiogenesis and metastatic processes, can negatively regulate the antitumoral adaptive and innate immune responses and may alter the efficacy of therapeutic agents. There is an abundance of studies focusing on molecular pathways that trigger inflammation-mediated tumorigenesis, and these data have revealed a series of biomarkers that can improve the diagnosis and prognosis in oncology. In skin there is a clear connection between tissue destruction, inflammation and tumor onset. Inflammation is a self-limiting process in normal physiological conditions, while tumor is a constitutive process activating new pro-tumor mechanisms. Among skin cancers, the most commonly diagnosed skin cancers, squamous cell carcinoma and basal cell carcinoma (BCC) have important inflammatory components. The most aggressive skin cancer, melanoma, is extensively research in regards to the new context of novel developed immune-therapies. In skin cancers, inflammatory markers can find their place in the biomarker set for improvement of diagnosis and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Neagu
- Immunobiology Laboratory, ‘Victor Babes’ National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania
- Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 050107 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Pathology, Colentina Clinical Hospital, 020125 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Carolina Constantin
- Immunobiology Laboratory, ‘Victor Babes’ National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Pathology, Colentina Clinical Hospital, 020125 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Constantin Caruntu
- Department of Physiology, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Carmen Dumitru
- Department of Pathology, Colentina Clinical Hospital, 020125 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mihaela Surcel
- Immunobiology Laboratory, ‘Victor Babes’ National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania
- Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 050107 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Sabina Zurac
- Department of Pathology, Colentina Clinical Hospital, 020125 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
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14
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Hogan SA, Courtier A, Cheng PF, Jaberg-Bentele NF, Goldinger SM, Manuel M, Perez S, Plantier N, Mouret JF, Nguyen-Kim TDL, Raaijmakers MIG, Kvistborg P, Pasqual N, Haanen JBAG, Dummer R, Levesque MP. Peripheral Blood TCR Repertoire Profiling May Facilitate Patient Stratification for Immunotherapy against Melanoma. Cancer Immunol Res 2018; 7:77-85. [PMID: 30425105 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-18-0136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Many metastatic melanoma patients experience durable responses to anti-PD1 and/or anti-CTLA4; however, a significant proportion (over 50%) do not benefit from the therapies. In this study, we sought to assess pretreatment liquid biopsies for biomarkers that may correlate with response to checkpoint blockade. We measured the combinatorial diversity evenness of the T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoire (the DE50, with low values corresponding to more clonality and lack of TCR diversity) in pretreatment peripheral blood mononuclear cells from melanoma patients treated with anti-CTLA4 (n = 42) or anti-PD1 (n = 38) using a multi-N-plex PCR assay on genomic DNA (gDNA). A receiver operating characteristic curve determined the optimal threshold for a dichotomized analysis according to objective responses as defined by RECIST1.1. Correlations between treatment outcome, clinical variables, and DE50 were assessed in multivariate regression models and confirmed with Fisher exact tests. In samples obtained prior to treatment initiation, we showed that low DE50 values were predictive of a longer progression-free survival and good responses to PD-1 blockade, but, on the other hand, predicted a poor response to CTLA4 inhibition. Multivariate logistic regression models identified DE50 as the only independent predictive factor for response to anti-CTLA4 therapy (P = 0.03) and anti-PD1 therapy (P = 0.001). Fisher exact tests confirmed the association of low DE50 with response in the anti-CTLA4 (P = 0.041) and the anti-PD1 cohort (P = 0.0016). Thus, the evaluation of basal TCR repertoire diversity in peripheral blood, using a PCR-based method, could help predict responses to anti-PD1 and anti-CTLA4 therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina A Hogan
- University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Phil F Cheng
- University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Pia Kvistborg
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Reinhard Dummer
- University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Homaei Shandiz F, Ghaffarzadegan K, Jahani Fariman S, Jannati M, Elyasi S, Mohammadpour AH. Evaluation of human serum S100B protein as a prognostic factor in nonmetastatic breast cancer patients. BREAST CANCER MANAGEMENT 2018. [DOI: 10.2217/bmt-2018-0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The aim of this study was the evaluation of S100B prognostic role in nonmetastatic breast cancer patients, excluding confounding factors. Patients & method: 79 breast cancer patients, who fulfilled inclusion and exclusion criteria, were enrolled in the study. Before any adjuvant chemotherapy or surgery, the serum level of S100B was determined. All patients were followed up for 5 years, particularly regarding cancer recurrence and patients’ survival. Results: 42% of the patients experienced no recurrence after 5 years and cumulative risk of recurrence was 0.86. There was no significant correlation between serum level of protein S100B and recurrence rate in 5 years (p = 0.59). Conclusion: According to the results, the serum levels of S100B protein may have no prognostic role in nonmetastatic breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Homaei Shandiz
- Solid Tumor Treatment Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashad, Iran
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Saeed Jahani Fariman
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahdi Jannati
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Sepideh Elyasi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amir Hooshang Mohammadpour
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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16
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Dowarha D, Chou RH, Yu C. S100B as an Antagonist To Interfere with the Interface Area Flanked by S100A11 and RAGE V Domain. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:9689-9698. [PMID: 31459098 PMCID: PMC6644751 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b00922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The Ca2+-sensing protein S100A11 of the S100 family is an important mediator of numerous biological functions and pathological conditions including cancer. The receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) has been well accepted as the major receptor for several S100 family members. Here, we take the S100B protein as an antagonist to interfere with the interaction flanked by S100A11 and the RAGE V domain. We employed NMR spectroscopy to describe the interactions between the S100A11 and S100B proteins. 1H-15N heteronuclear single-quantum correlation-NMR titrations showed the potential binding dynamics of S100A11 and S100B interactions. In the HADDOCK program, we constructed the S100A11-S100B heterodimer complex that was then superimposed with the S100A11-S100B complex structure in the same orientation as the S100A11-RAGE V domain complex. This overlay analysis showed that S100B could interfere in the binding section of S100A11 and the RAGE V domain. Additionally, water-soluble tetrazolium-1 assay provided a functional read-out of the effects of these proteins in an in vitro cancer model. Our study establishes that the development of an S100B antagonist could perform a vital part in the treatment of S100- and RAGE-dependent human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepu Dowarha
- Department
of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Ruey-Hwang Chou
- Graduate
Institute of Cancer Biology and Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University, No. 91, Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Chin Yu
- Department
of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
- E-mail: . Fax: 886-35-711082
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17
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Wagner NB, Forschner A, Leiter U, Garbe C, Eigentler TK. S100B and LDH as early prognostic markers for response and overall survival in melanoma patients treated with anti-PD-1 or combined anti-PD-1 plus anti-CTLA-4 antibodies. Br J Cancer 2018; 119:339-346. [PMID: 29950611 PMCID: PMC6070917 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-018-0167-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Immunotherapy with PD-1 antibodies has greatly increased prognosis of patients with advanced melanoma. Identifying biomarkers that predict overall survival (OS) and response to immunotherapy is important. Methods OS and best overall response according to RECIST version 1.1 were analysed, and S100B and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) serum levels were assessed retrospectively in 152 patients treated with anti-PD-1, and in 86 patients treated with anti-PD-1 plus anti-CTLA-4 antibodies at University Hospital Tuebingen, Germany. Results In the pembrolizumab group, patients with elevated baseline S100B or LDH exhibited significantly impaired OS compared with patients with normal S100B (1-year OS: 51.1% vs 83.1%, log-rank P < .0001) and normal LDH (1-year OS: 44.4% vs 80.8%, P = .00022), respectively. LDH increases of >25% and S100B increases of >145% compared to baseline were significantly associated with impaired OS (both P < .0001). In patients treated with ipilimumab and nivolumab, baseline S100B and increasing S100B levels of >145% as well as baseline LDH were associated with impaired OS (P < .0001, P = .00060, and P = .0050, respectively), whereas increasing LDH of >25% was not (P = .64). Conclusions S100B could serve as a strong baseline marker for OS in melanoma patients receiving anti-PD-1 therapy. Rising S100B levels during the first weeks of therapy could help guide treatment decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaus B Wagner
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Liebermeisterstrasse 25, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany.
| | - Andrea Forschner
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Liebermeisterstrasse 25, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Ulrike Leiter
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Liebermeisterstrasse 25, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Claus Garbe
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Liebermeisterstrasse 25, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Thomas K Eigentler
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Liebermeisterstrasse 25, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
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Immune-related Adverse Events of Dendritic Cell Vaccination Correlate With Immunologic and Clinical Outcome in Stage III and IV Melanoma Patients. J Immunother 2018; 39:241-8. [PMID: 27227325 PMCID: PMC4902323 DOI: 10.1097/cji.0000000000000127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the toxicity profile of dendritic cell (DC) vaccination in stage III and IV melanoma patients, and to evaluate whether there is a correlation between side effects and immunologic and clinical outcome. This is a retrospective analysis of 82 stage III and 137 stage IV melanoma patients, vaccinated with monocyte-derived or naturally circulating autologous DCs loaded with tumor-associated antigens gp100 and tyrosinase. Median follow-up time was 54.3 months in stage III patients and 12.9 months in stage IV patients. Treatment-related adverse events occurred in 84% of patients; grade 3 toxicity was present in 3% of patients. Most common adverse events were flu-like symptoms (67%) and injection site reactions (50%), and both correlated with the presence of tetramer-positive CD8 T cells (both P<0.001). In stage III melanoma patients experiencing flu-like symptoms, median overall survival (OS) was not reached versus 32.3 months in patients without flu-like symptoms (P=0.009); median OS in patients with an injection site reaction was not reached versus 53.7 months in patients without an injection site reaction (P<0.05). In stage IV melanoma patients (primary uveal and mucosal melanomas excluded), median OS in patients with or without flu-like symptoms was 13.1 versus 8.9 months, respectively (P=0.03); median OS in patients with an injection site reaction was 15.7 months versus 9.8 months in patients without an injection site reaction (P=0.003). In conclusion, DC vaccination is safe and tolerable and the occurrence of the immune-related side effects, such as flu-like symptoms and injection site reactions, correlates with immunologic and clinical outcome.
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19
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A review of S100 protein family in lung cancer. Clin Chim Acta 2017; 476:54-59. [PMID: 29146477 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2017.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
S100 protein family, representing 25 relatively small calcium binding proteins, has been reported to be involved in multiple stages of tumorigenesis and progression. These proteins are considered having potential value to be adopted as novel biomarkers in the detection and accurate prediction of many kinds of tumors, including lung cancer. As the one having the highest morbidity and mortality among all cancers, lung carcinoma is still occult for detection, especially at early stage. S100 proteins take participation in the lung neoplasia through playing intracellular and/or extracellular functions, therefore getting involved in a variety of biological processes such as differentiation, proliferation, and migration. A few members have also been testified to modulate TGF-β/Smad-3 mediated transcriptional activity of target genes involved in tumor promotion. In addition to that, a number of proteins in this family have already been reported to experience an abnormal trend in lung cancer at cell, serum and tissue levels. Thus, S100 proteins may serve as effective biomarkers for suspected or already diagnosed lung cancer patients. In future, S100 protein family might be applied as therapeutic targets in clinical treatment of lung cancer. In this review, we firstly summed up the biological and clinical evidence connecting S100 proteins and lung cancer, which has not been summarized before.
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20
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Wu L, Zhou X, Xiao Z, Gao X, Liu Z, Zhang Z, Wang K, Zhu Y, Ren H, Wang T. Functional expression, characterization, and application of human S100B. Oncol Rep 2017; 38:2309-2316. [PMID: 28849099 DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The EF-hand calcium-binding protein S100B presents a wide range of biological activities and functions. This binding protein is involved in various human diseases, including cancer, brain trauma and ischemia, neuro-degenerative disease (Alzheimer's disease), and psychiatric disorders. In this study, we prepared human S100B protein and its monoclonal antibodies. Human S100B protein was expressed in Escherichia coli, successfully purified by diethylaminoethyl cellulose anion-exchange chromatography, and then identified by western blot analysis. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were produced by the standard hybridoma method and validated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and western blot analysis. The prepared human S100B protein and its mAbs demonstrated potential biological activities. The KD of one mAb is approximately 4.72x10-8 mol/l, and its cross reactivity is low with human S100A4, mouse S100A4, and human S100A1. Recombinant Soluble S100B can promote the migration and invasion of HeLa cells. The expression of S100B protein in tumor tissues can be detected effectively by using the prepared monoclonal antibodies. Increasing concentration of the anti-human S100B mAbs showed a reduced expression of the S100B protein. Subsequently, the expression of p53 increased significantly (P<0.05) in A375 cells. A significant increase in apoptosis in A375 cells was observed with increasing S100B mAb concentration. Results showed that our prepared S100B mAbs were suitable for detecting S100B expression in human tissues, furnishing promising tools for further functional investigation and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wu
- Performance Medicine Laboratory, Tianjin Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine, Tianjin 300050, P.R. China
| | - Xuesi Zhou
- Performance Medicine Laboratory, Tianjin Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine, Tianjin 300050, P.R. China
| | - Zhigang Xiao
- Performance Medicine Laboratory, Tianjin Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine, Tianjin 300050, P.R. China
| | - Xiujie Gao
- Performance Medicine Laboratory, Tianjin Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine, Tianjin 300050, P.R. China
| | - Ziquan Liu
- Performance Medicine Laboratory, Tianjin Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine, Tianjin 300050, P.R. China
| | - Zhiqing Zhang
- Performance Medicine Laboratory, Tianjin Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine, Tianjin 300050, P.R. China
| | - Kun Wang
- Performance Medicine Laboratory, Tianjin Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine, Tianjin 300050, P.R. China
| | - Yulin Zhu
- Performance Medicine Laboratory, Tianjin Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine, Tianjin 300050, P.R. China
| | - Hanlin Ren
- Performance Medicine Laboratory, Tianjin Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine, Tianjin 300050, P.R. China
| | - Tianhui Wang
- Performance Medicine Laboratory, Tianjin Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine, Tianjin 300050, P.R. China
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21
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Shih CC, Lee TS, Tsuang FY, Lin PL, Cheng YJ, Cheng HL, Wu CY. Pretreatment serum lactate level as a prognostic biomarker in patients undergoing supratentorial primary brain tumor resection. Oncotarget 2017; 8:63715-63723. [PMID: 28969023 PMCID: PMC5609955 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Malignant primary brain tumors are one of the most aggressive cancers. Pretreatment serum nonneuronal biomarkers closely associated with postoperative outcomes are of high clinical relevance. The present study aimed to identify potential pretreatment serum biomarkers that may influence oncological outcomes in patients with primary brain tumors. Methods A total of 74 patients undergoing supratentorial primary brain tumor resection were enrolled. Before tumor resection, serum neuronal biomarkers, namely neuron-specific enolase (NSE), S100β, and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and serum nonneuronal biomarkers, namely neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and lactate, were measured and associated postoperative oncological outcomes, including brain tumor grading, progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS), were compared. Results Patients with high-grade brain tumors had significantly higher pretreatment serum lactate levels (p = 0.011). By contrast, other biomarkers were comparable between patients with high-grade and low-grade brain tumors. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis of serum lactate levels yielded an area under the curve of 0.71 for differentiating between high-grade and low-grade brain tumors. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis revealed patients with high serum lactate levels (≧2.0 mmol/L) had shorter PFS and OS (p = 0.021 and p = 0.093, respectively). In a multiple regression model, only elevated serum lactate levels were associated with poor PFS and OS (p = 0.021 and p = 0.048, respectively). Conclusions An elevated pretreatment serum lactate level is a prognostic biomarker of high-grade primary brain tumors and is significantly associated with poor PFS in patients with supratentorial brain tumors undergoing tumor resection. By contrast, other serum biomarkers are not significantly associated with oncological outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Chih Shih
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzong-Shiun Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fon-Yih Tsuang
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Lin Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Jung Cheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Liang Cheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yu Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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22
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Zhao Y, Wu C, Li L. MicroRNA-33b inhibits cell proliferation and glycolysis by targeting hypoxia-inducible factor-1α in malignant melanoma. Exp Ther Med 2017; 14:1299-1306. [PMID: 28781622 PMCID: PMC5526185 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant melanoma (MM) is the most aggressive type of skin cancer. MicroRNA (miR) has been implicated in the development and progression of MM; however, their underlying mechanism of action remains largely unknown. The present study aimed to investigate the role of miR-33b in MM. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction data indicated that the expression of miR-33b was significantly reduced (P<0.01) in MM cell lines, including WM35, WM451 and SK-MEL-1, when compared with human melanocyte cells. Subsequently, WM451 and SK-MEL-1 cells were transfected with an miR-33b mimic or inhibitor. MTT assay data demonstrated that the viability of MM cells markedly decreased following miR-33b overexpression; however, viability was markedly upregulated following miR-33b knockdown. Additionally, the glycolysis level was examined. Results demonstrated that glucose consumption and lactic acid production were significantly downregulated (P<0.01) after miR-33b upregulation, whereas these levels significantly increased in MM cells transfected with miR-33b inhibitor (P<0.01), suggesting that miR-33b negatively mediates the glycolysis level in MM cells. Bioinformatics indicated that hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α was a putative target gene of miR-33b, and this was confirmed by a luciferase reporter assay, which demonstrated that miR-33b was able to directly bind to the 3′ untranslated region of HIF-1α mRNA. Furthermore, the expression of HIF-1α was negatively regulated by miR-33b at the post-transcriptional level in MM cells. Overexpression of HIF-1α reversed the inhibitory effect of miR-33b on the proliferation and glycolysis in MM cells. Finally, the results of the present study demonstrated that hexokinase 2 and lactate dehydrogenase-A may be involved in miR-33b/HIF-1α mediated glycolysis in MM cells. In conclusion, these results suggest that miR-33b inhibits cell proliferation and glycolysis by targeting HIF-1α in MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, Heping Hospital of Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, Shanxi 046000, P.R. China
| | - Cuiling Wu
- Department of Biochemistry, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, Shanxi 046000, P.R. China
| | - Lina Li
- Department of Pathology, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, Shanxi 046000, P.R. China
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Speeckaert R, Voet S, Hoste E, van Geel N. S100B Is a Potential Disease Activity Marker in Nonsegmental Vitiligo. J Invest Dermatol 2017; 137:1445-1453. [PMID: 28212812 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2017.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Vitiligo is a chronic skin condition characterized by progressive depigmentation of the skin. S100B is a damage-associated molecular pattern protein expressed in melanocytes that has been proposed as a marker of melanocyte cytotoxicity. Although the use of S100B as a biomarker in melanoma is well established, to our knowledge its association with vitiligo activity has not yet been investigated. Here, we show that S100B serum levels were significantly increased in patients with active nonsegmental vitiligo and strongly correlated with the affected body surface area. Prospective follow-up showed a predictive value of serum S100B levels on disease progression. In vitro experiments using repeated freeze-thaw procedures showed an intracellular up-regulation of S100B in normal and vitiligo melanocytes before an extensive release in the environment. This phenomenon may explain the increased S100B serum values in the active phase of vitiligo. In a monobenzone-induced vitiligo mouse model we could show the potential of S100B inhibition as a therapeutic strategy in vitiligo. In conclusion, this report shows the possible use of S100B as a biomarker for disease activity in vitiligo. Our data suggest that this damage-associated molecular pattern protein could play a substantial role in the pathogenesis of vitiligo and may be a potential new target for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sofie Voet
- Inflammation Research Center, VIB, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Esther Hoste
- Inflammation Research Center, VIB, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nanja van Geel
- Department of Dermatology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
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Willmes C, Kumar R, Becker JC, Fried I, Rachakonda PS, Poppe LM, Hesbacher S, Schadendorf D, Sucker A, Schrama D, Ugurel S. SERPINB1 expression is predictive for sensitivity and outcome of cisplatin-based chemotherapy in melanoma. Oncotarget 2017; 7:10117-32. [PMID: 26799424 PMCID: PMC4891108 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite of highly effective new therapeutic strategies, chemotherapy still is an important treatment option in metastatic melanoma. Since predictors of chemotherapy response are rare, drugs and regimens are currently chosen arbitrarily. The present study was aimed at the identification of molecular markers predicting the outcome of chemotherapy in melanoma. Tumor biopsies from metastatic lesions were collected from 203 stage IV melanoma patients prior to chemotherapy onset and used for gene expression profiling (n = 6; marker identification set), quantitative real-time PCR (n = 127; validation set 1), and immunohistochemistry on tissue microarrays (n = 70; validation set 2). The results were correlated to the tumors' in-vitro chemosensitivity and to the patients' in-vivo chemotherapy outcome. SERPINB1 was found to correlate to the in-vitro sensitivity to cisplatin-containing chemotherapy regimens (p = 0.005). High SERPINB1 gene expression was associated with favorable tumor response (p = 0.012) and prolonged survival (p = 0.081) under cisplatin-based chemotherapy. High SERPINB1 protein expression in tumor tissue from cisplatin-treated patients was associated with a favorable survival (p = 0.011), and proved as an independent predictor of survival (p = 0.008) by multivariate analysis. We conclude, that SERPINB1 expression, although not functionally involved, is predictive for the outcome of cisplatin-based chemotherapy in melanoma, and thus may be useful to personalize melanoma chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Willmes
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Rajiv Kumar
- Division of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jürgen C Becker
- Translational Skin Cancer Research, Deutsches Konsortium für Translationale Krebsforschung (DKTK), Essen, Germany.,Department of Dermatology, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Isabella Fried
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Lidia M Poppe
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sonja Hesbacher
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Dirk Schadendorf
- Department of Dermatology, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Antje Sucker
- Department of Dermatology, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - David Schrama
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Selma Ugurel
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.,Department of Dermatology, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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25
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Weide B, Schäfer T, Martens A, Kuzkina A, Uder L, Noor S, Garbe C, Harter PN, Mittelbronn M, Wischhusen J. High GDF-15 Serum Levels Independently Correlate with Poorer Overall Survival of Patients with Tumor-Free Stage III and Unresectable Stage IV Melanoma. J Invest Dermatol 2016; 136:2444-2452. [PMID: 27705749 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2016.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Biomarkers are strongly needed for diagnostic surveillance of patients with metastatic melanoma. On the basis of its known association with tumor metastasis and its ability to induce cancer cachexia, we investigated serum levels of growth and differentiation factor 15 (sGDF-15) as a marker for overall survival (OS). sGDF-15 was retrospectively measured by ELISA in 761 samples obtained at distinct time points during routine clinical care of patients with stage III/IV melanoma. In the entire cohort, sGDF-15 ≥ 1.5 ng/ml was strongly associated with reduced OS after assessment. Subsequent analyses were performed separately for tumor-free stage III, tumor-free stage IV, and unresectable stage IV patients. For patients with unresectable distant metastasis (n = 206), sGDF-15 was independently associated with OS when considered together with the M-category and superior to serum level of lactate dehydrogenase. Analysis in tumor-free stage III patients during routine surveillance (n = 468) revealed sGDF-15 to be associated with OS and an independent factor when considered together with S100B and the pattern of locoregional metastasis. Only in tumor-free stage IV patients (n = 87) sGDF-15 was not associated with OS. sGDF-15 should thus be further validated as a marker for early detection of recurrence in stage III patients and as a prognostic or predictive marker particularly in the context newly available treatments in unresectable stage IV patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Weide
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Department of Immunology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Tina Schäfer
- Department of Gynecology, University of Würzburg Medical School, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Martens
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Anastasia Kuzkina
- Department of Gynecology, University of Würzburg Medical School, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Laura Uder
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Seema Noor
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Claus Garbe
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Patrick N Harter
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Edinger Institute (Neurological Institute), Goethe University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Michel Mittelbronn
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Edinger Institute (Neurological Institute), Goethe University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Jörg Wischhusen
- Department of Gynecology, University of Würzburg Medical School, Würzburg, Germany
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Long GV, Grob JJ, Nathan P, Ribas A, Robert C, Schadendorf D, Lane SR, Mak C, Legenne P, Flaherty KT, Davies MA. Factors predictive of response, disease progression, and overall survival after dabrafenib and trametinib combination treatment: a pooled analysis of individual patient data from randomised trials. Lancet Oncol 2016; 17:1743-1754. [PMID: 27864013 DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(16)30578-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dabrafenib plus trametinib treatment provides significant benefits over BRAF-inhibitor monotherapy in patients with BRAFV600E-mutant or BRAFV600K-mutant advanced melanoma; however, in many patients the disease progresses, leading to death. With many treatment options available, understanding clinical factors that predict long-term response and survival for treatments is important for optimisation of patient management. We aimed to identify clinical factors associated with long-term response and survival using pooled data from randomised trials of dabrafenib plus trametinib in patients with metastatic BRAF-mutant melanoma. METHODS We did a retrospective individual data analysis based on all published randomised trials that included treatment-naive patients with BRAFV600E-mutant or BRAFV600K-mutant metastatic melanoma who received the approved dose of dabrafenib 150 mg twice daily plus trametinib 2 mg once daily. Data were pooled from patients in the BRF113220 (part C; March 26, 2010, to Jan 15, 2015), COMBI-d (May 4, 2012, to Jan 12, 2015), and COMBI-v (June 4, 2012, to March 13, 2015) randomised trials. Patients with untreated brain metastases were not permitted to enrol in these trials. Baseline factors, identified a priori based on known melanoma clinical or prognostic characteristics, were analysed for association with progression-free survival and overall survival using univariate and multivariate analyses and assessed for hierarchical effect on outcomes using regression tree analyses. We also analysed factors identified after baseline, on treatment, and at progression, for associations with survival after progression. The trials included in this analysis are registered with ClinicalTrials.gov: BRF113220, number NCT01072175; COMBI-d, number NCT01584648; COMBI-v, number NCT01597908. FINDINGS 617 patients were included in this analysis with a median follow-up of 20·0 months (range 0-48·0, IQR 10·1-24·8); 396 patients had progression events (ie, disease progression or death) and 290 patients had died. Median progression-free survival (11·1 months [95% CI 9·7-12·9]), median overall survival (25·6 months [23·1-34·3]), 1-year progression-free survival (48% [44-52]) and overall survival (74% [71-78]), and 2-year progression-free survival (30% [26-34]) and overall survival (53% [49-57]) were consistent with those in the individual trials. Patients with normal lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) concentration and fewer than three organ sites containing metastases (n=237) had the longest 1-year progression-free survival (68% [95% CI 62-74]) and overall survival (90% [87-94]) and 2-year progression-free survival (46% [40-54]) and overall survival (75% [70-81]), whereas patients with LDH concentration at least two times the upper limit of normal (n=70) had the shortest 1-year progression-free survival (8% [3-19]) and overall survival (40% [29-55]) and 2-year progression-free survival (2% [0-13]) and overall survival (7% [3-19]). Of patients with disease progression (n=379), survival after progression was longest in those with progression in baseline or new non-CNS lesions (n=205; median 10·0 months [95% CI 7·9-12·0]) and shortest in those with new CNS lesions or concurrent progression in baseline and new lesions (n=171; median 4·0 months [3·5-4·9]). INTERPRETATION Several patient and clinical characteristics at and after baseline are associated with outcomes with dabrafenib plus trametinib, and durable benefit is possible with targeted treatment in defined patient subsets. FUNDING Novartis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgina V Long
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Royal North Shore and Mater Hospitals, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Jean-Jacques Grob
- Service de Dermatologie, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Timone, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille CEDEX 05, France
| | | | - Antoni Ribas
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Caroline Robert
- Gustave Roussy, Département de Médecine Oncologique, Service de Dermatologie et Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, Villejuif, France
| | - Dirk Schadendorf
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany; German Cancer Consortium, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stephen R Lane
- Biostatistics, Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, NJ, USA
| | - Carmen Mak
- Biostatistics, Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, NJ, USA
| | | | - Keith T Flaherty
- Developmental Therapeutics and Melanoma Programs, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael A Davies
- Melanoma Medical Oncology and Systems Biology, The University of Texas MDAnderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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Gebhardt C, Lichtenberger R, Utikal J. Biomarker value and pitfalls of serum S100B in the follow-up of high-risk melanoma patients. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2016; 14:158-64. [PMID: 26819111 DOI: 10.1111/ddg.12727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Serum levels of S100B are standard in monitoring advanced malignant melanoma patients in order to discriminate progressive from non-progressive disease. False-positive results lead to distress among patients and increase the amount of cost-intensive diagnostics. We therefore analyzed reported comorbid diseases as putative sources of excessive S100B release. PATIENTS AND METHODS Here, we report a single-center experience on serum S100B levels in 2,664 blood samples from 1,113 stage IB to IV melanoma patients (AJCC) who presented for follow-up examinations over a period of 24 months. RESULTS Overall, 295 (11%) of patients developed disease progression. In patients with a high tumor load, the rate of false-negative results was 30/185 (16%). The rate of false-positive results was 247/2369 (12%). One hundred and six false-positive results (69%) compared to 46 true-positive results (31%) were found in patients with cardiovascular diseases such as arrhythmia (50/32) or previous myocardial infarction (22/14). Moreover, obesity (85/14), liver cirrhosis (31/10), migraine (18/2), chronic kidney disease (13/2), and previous stroke (11/1) were found to be associated with false-positive S100B levels. CONCLUSIONS Serum S100B is a useful quantitative biomarker in routine follow-up of high-risk melanoma patients. While false-negative results are frequent in patients with low tumor load, false-positive results are associated with several comorbid diseases and warrant careful reevaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoffer Gebhardt
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Skin Cancer Unit, Heidelberg and University Medical Center Mannheim, Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Ruprecht-Karl University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Ramtin Lichtenberger
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Skin Cancer Unit, Heidelberg and University Medical Center Mannheim, Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Ruprecht-Karl University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Jochen Utikal
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Skin Cancer Unit, Heidelberg and University Medical Center Mannheim, Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Ruprecht-Karl University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
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28
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Felix J, Cassinat B, Porcher R, Schlageter MH, Maubec E, Pages C, Baroudjian B, Homyrda L, Boukouaci W, Tamouza R, Bagot M, Caignard A, Toubert A, Lebbé C, Moins-Teisserenc H. Relevance of serum biomarkers associated with melanoma during follow-up of anti-CTLA-4 immunotherapy. Int Immunopharmacol 2016; 40:466-473. [PMID: 27728898 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2016.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Revised: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Metastatic melanoma is a rapidly spreading cancer whose prognosis remains poor although important therapy advances in recent years. Ipilimumab, an anti-CTLA-4 immunotherapy used in advanced melanoma, is an effective immunotherapy alone or combined with other agents but with few predictive biomarkers of response. Here, we sought to analyze the potential of S100B, MIA, soluble MICA, anti-MICA antibodies and LDH as serum biomarkers of response and survival in a cohort of 77 advanced melanoma patients subjected to ipilimumab. Lower levels of S100B, and LDH at baseline and at weeks 3 and 6 correlated to a better response and survival. After multivariate analysis LDH maintained its independence at baseline and week 6, whereas S100B might be a useful tool for anti-CTLA-4 treatment monitoring after the first two doses of ipilimumab (W6). In addition, higher sMICA serum levels at baseline were associated with less frequency of irAEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Felix
- INSERM UMR-1160, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Paris, France; Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Bruno Cassinat
- Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire, AP-HP, Hopital Saint-Louis, Paris, France; Inserm UMRS-1131, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Paris, France
| | - Raphael Porcher
- Centre d'Epidémiologie Clinique, Hôtel-Dieu, AP-HP, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; INSERM, UMR 1153, Centre de Recherche Epidémiologie et Statistique (CRESS), Paris, France
| | | | - Eve Maubec
- Service de Dermatologie, Hôpital Xavier Bichat, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Cécile Pages
- Service de Dermatologie, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint Louis, Paris, France
| | | | - Laurence Homyrda
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie-Histocompatibilité, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint Louis, Paris, France
| | - Wahid Boukouaci
- INSERM UMR-1160, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Paris, France; Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Ryad Tamouza
- INSERM UMR-1160, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Paris, France; Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Martine Bagot
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Service de Dermatologie, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint Louis, Paris, France; INSERM UMR-976, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | - Anne Caignard
- INSERM UMR-1160, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Paris, France
| | - Antoine Toubert
- INSERM UMR-1160, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Paris, France; Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Céleste Lebbé
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Service de Dermatologie, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint Louis, Paris, France; INSERM UMR-976, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | - Hélène Moins-Teisserenc
- INSERM UMR-1160, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Paris, France; Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.
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Podlipnik S, Carrera C, Sánchez M, Arguis P, Olondo ML, Vilana R, Rull R, Vidal-Sicart S, Vilalta A, Conill C, Malvehy J, Puig S. Performance of diagnostic tests in an intensive follow-up protocol for patients with American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) stage IIB, IIC, and III localized primary melanoma: A prospective cohort study. J Am Acad Dermatol 2016; 75:516-524. [PMID: 27183845 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2016.02.1229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Revised: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is no international consensus on optimal follow-up schedules and which supplementary tests should be used after resection of a primary melanoma. OBJECTIVE We sought to analyze the performance of the follow-up components and identify procedures that detect melanoma metastasis earlier. METHODS This was a prospective cohort from 290 consecutive patients given a diagnosis of stage IIB, IIC, and III melanoma. Patients were followed up with an intensive protocol based on imaging studies (computed tomography of the chest, abdomen, and pelvis, and brain magnetic resonance imaging), periodic laboratory tests, regular physical examinations, and patient self-examinations. RESULTS A total of 2382 clinical examinations and 3069 imaging tests were performed. The patients completed 899.8 person-years of follow-up, with a median of 2.5 years. In all, 115 recurrences in 290 patients were recorded, of which computed tomography detected 48.3%; brain magnetic resonance imaging, 7.6%; laboratory test, 2.5%; physician, 23.7%; and patient, 17.8%. LIMITATIONS Patients with stage III melanoma were not systematically classified into subgroups and overall survival was not evaluated. CONCLUSION We observed that this intensive monitoring is appropriate for early detection of recurrence in stage IIB, IIC, and III melanoma. Prompt diagnosis of metastasis and the recent development of new therapeutic targets may improve overall survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Podlipnik
- Dermatology Department, Melanoma Unit, Hospital Clinic, and Ititut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) on Rare Disease, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Carrera
- Dermatology Department, Melanoma Unit, Hospital Clinic, and Ititut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) on Rare Disease, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marcelo Sánchez
- Radiology Service, Melanoma Unit, Hospital Clinic, and Ititut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pedro Arguis
- Radiology Service, Melanoma Unit, Hospital Clinic, and Ititut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria L Olondo
- Radiology Service, Melanoma Unit, Hospital Clinic, and Ititut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramon Vilana
- Radiology Service, Melanoma Unit, Hospital Clinic, and Ititut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramon Rull
- Surgery Department, Melanoma Unit, Hospital Clinic, and Ititut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergi Vidal-Sicart
- Nuclear Medicine Service, Melanoma Unit, Hospital Clinic, and Ititut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio Vilalta
- Dermatology Department, Melanoma Unit, Hospital Clinic, and Ititut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carles Conill
- Radiotherapy Oncology, Melanoma Unit, Hospital Clinic, and Ititut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Malvehy
- Dermatology Department, Melanoma Unit, Hospital Clinic, and Ititut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) on Rare Disease, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Susana Puig
- Dermatology Department, Melanoma Unit, Hospital Clinic, and Ititut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) on Rare Disease, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain.
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Hong X, Xu Q, Yang Z, Wang M, Yang F, Gao Y, Zhou F, Wang L, Liu B, Chen G. The value of prognostic factors in Chinese patients with small cell lung cancer: A retrospective study of 999 patients. CLINICAL RESPIRATORY JOURNAL 2016; 12:433-447. [PMID: 27460525 DOI: 10.1111/crj.12534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Revised: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Little is known about the prognostic factors for small cell lung cancer (SCLC) in Chinese patients. OBJECTIVE The aim of this retrospective study was to improve our understanding of overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) prognostic factors in Chinese patients with SCLC. METHODS A retrospective analysis of 999 SCLC cases was performed. Patient characteristics, treatments, and laboratory data, including platelet counts and serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and serum sodium levels, were collected. Potential prognostic factors for OS and PFS were evaluated by univariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS The median OS and PFS were 10.6 and 7.0 months, respectively. The multivariate Cox proportional hazards model was used to identify stage, serum LDH, and several therapy-relevant factors, including the initial chemotherapy regimen, number of initial chemotherapy cycles, and combination therapy, as independent prognostic factors for OS. Furthermore, female sex, normal LDH levels, a response to therapy, receiving six cycles of initial chemotherapy, and receiving chemotherapy combined with radiotherapy and/or surgery were favorable prognostic factors for PFS. In addition, patients with hyponatremia had a worse OS; therefore, hyponatremia could not influence survival when a good response to therapy was achieved, and it failed to predict PFS. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that several factors, including patient, tumor, and treatment characteristics and serum LDH levels are independent prognostic factors for OS and PFS in Chinese patients with SCLC. The identification of such factors will help physicians compare different populations and to interpret the contribution of treatment to differences in survival among groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Hong
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingyong Xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaoyang Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yina Gao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengrui Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Bao Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Gongyan Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, People's Republic of China
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Abstract
Malignant melanoma remains the skin cancer with the highest number of mortalities worldwide. While early diagnosis and complete surgical excision remain the best possibility for curing disease, prognosis at the stage of metastasis is still poor. Recent years have brought about considerable advances in terms of understanding the pathogenesis of melanoma and treating advanced disease. The discovery of activating BRAF mutations in around 50% of tumors has led to the introduction of targeted therapies downregulating BRAF signaling output. These have been further refined as combination therapies, which by targeting multiple targets have further improved the clinical outcome. A comparable, potentially even superior therapeutic alternative has been the introduction of immunotherapeutic approaches, including PD-1 and CTLA-4 checkpoint blockade therapies. Despite all genetic knowledge acquired in recent years, a clearly applicable prognostic signature of clinical value has not been established. General prognostic assessment of cutaneous melanoma remains based on clinical and pathological criteria (most importantly tumor thickness). The main challenges lying ahead are to establish a reliable prognostic test effectively determining which tumors will metastasize. Additionally establishing biomarkers which will allow patients to be stratified according to the most promising systemic therapy (immunotherapies and/or BRAF inhibitor therapies) is of utmost importance for patients with metastasized disease. Identifying serum biomarkers enabling disease to be monitored as well as determining tumor properties (i.e. resistance) would also be of great value. While initial results have proven promising, there remains much work to be done.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus G Griewank
- a Department of Dermatology , University Hospital Essen , Essen , Germany
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Darlix A, Lamy PJ, Lopez-Crapez E, Braccini AL, Firmin N, Romieu G, Thezenas S, Jacot W. Serum HER2 extra-cellular domain, S100ß and CA 15-3 levels are independent prognostic factors in metastatic breast cancer patients. BMC Cancer 2016; 16:428. [PMID: 27387327 PMCID: PMC4937557 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2448-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Metastatic breast cancer (MBC) prognosis is highly variable, depending on various factors such as the biological subtype, the performance status, disease extension…. A better evaluation of a patient’s prognostic factors could allow for a more accurate choice of treatments. The role of serum tumor markers remains, however, unclear in this population. Considering the recent interest in phenotypic changes and tumor heterogeneity during breast cancer progression, additional tumor markers could be interesting in this setting. Methods Two hundred fifty MBC patients treated at the Montpellier Cancer Institute (2008–2015) were retrospectively selected, based on the availability of frozen serum samples. The usual MBC clinical and pathological variables were collected, altogether with Cancer Antigen 15-3 (CA15-3), Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEA), HER2 extra-cellular domain (ECD), Neuron Specific Enolase (NSE), S100ß protein and Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) serum levels in order to determine their prognostic value. Results With a median follow-up of 40.8 months, median overall survival was 16.2 months (95 % CI 12.4–20.6). In multivariate analysis, the performance status, brain or subcutaneous metastases, the number of previous metastatic chemotherapy lines and the tumor biological subtype were independent prognostic factors. Elevated CA 15-3 (HR = 1.95, IC 95 % 1.31–2.93, p = 0.001), HER2 ECD (regardless of tumor HER2 status, HR = 2.51, IC 95 % 1.53–4.12, p < 0.001) and S100ß (HR = 1.93, IC 95 % 1.05–3.54, p = 0.033) serum levels were independently associated with a poor outcome. Conclusions Serum CA 15-3, HER2 ECD and S100ß could represent useful independent prognostic factors in MBC. Of particular interest is the independent value of serum HER2 ECD levels, regardless of the tumor HER2 status, possibly linked to metastatic tumor heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amélie Darlix
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut régional du Cancer de Montpellier, 208 rue des apothicaires, 34298, Montpellier, France.
| | - Pierre-Jean Lamy
- Department of Clinical Research, Clinique Beausoleil, 19 Avenue de Lodève, 34070, Montpellier, France.,Department of Biology and Oncogenetic, Institut régional du Cancer de Montpellier, 208 rue des apothicaires, 34298, Montpellier, France
| | - Evelyne Lopez-Crapez
- Translational Research Unit, Institut régional du Cancer de Montpellier, 208 rue des apothicaires, 34298, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Nelly Firmin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut régional du Cancer de Montpellier, 208 rue des apothicaires, 34298, Montpellier, France
| | - Gilles Romieu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut régional du Cancer de Montpellier, 208 rue des apothicaires, 34298, Montpellier, France
| | - Simon Thezenas
- Biometrics unit, Institut régional du Cancer de Montpellier, 208 rue des apothicaires, 34298, Montpellier, France
| | - William Jacot
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut régional du Cancer de Montpellier, 208 rue des apothicaires, 34298, Montpellier, France
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Boudewijns S, Koornstra RHT, Westdorp H, Schreibelt G, van den Eertwegh AJM, Geukes Foppen MH, Haanen JB, de Vries IJM, Figdor CG, Bol KF, Gerritsen WR. Ipilimumab administered to metastatic melanoma patients who progressed after dendritic cell vaccination. Oncoimmunology 2016; 5:e1201625. [PMID: 27622070 PMCID: PMC5007966 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2016.1201625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Ipilimumab has proven to be effective in metastatic melanoma patients. The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of ipilimumab in advanced melanoma patients who showed progressive disease upon experimental dendritic cell (DC) vaccination. Methods: Retrospective analysis of 48 stage IV melanoma patients treated with ipilimumab after progression upon DC vaccination earlier in their treatment. DC vaccination was given either as adjuvant treatment for stage III disease (n = 18) or for stage IV disease (n = 30). Ipilimumab (3 mg/kg) was administered every 3 weeks for up to 4 cycles. Results: Median time between progression upon DC vaccination and first gift of ipilimumab was 5.4 mo. Progression-free survival (PFS) rates for patients that received ipilimumab after adjuvant DC vaccination, and patients that received DC vaccination for stage IV melanoma, were 35% and 7% at 1 y and 35% and 3% at 2 y, while the median PFS was 2.9 mo and 3.1 mo, respectively. Median overall survival of patients pre-treated with adjuvant DC vaccination for stage III melanoma was not reached versus 8.0 mo (95% CI, 5.2–10.9) in the group pre-treated with DC vaccination for stage IV disease (HR of death, 0.36; p = 0.017). Grade 3 immune-related adverse events occurred in 19% of patients and one death (2%) was related to ipilimumab. Conclusions: Clinical responses to ipilimumab were found in a considerable number of advanced melanoma patients with progression after adjuvant DC vaccination for stage III disease, while the effect was very limited in patients who showed progression after DC vaccination for stage IV disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve Boudewijns
- Department of Medical Oncology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Rutger H T Koornstra
- Department of Medical Oncology, Radboud University Medical Centre , Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Harm Westdorp
- Department of Medical Oncology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Gerty Schreibelt
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Alfons J M van den Eertwegh
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center , Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marnix H Geukes Foppen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute , Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - John B Haanen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute , Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - I Jolanda M de Vries
- Department of Medical Oncology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Carl G Figdor
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Kalijn F Bol
- Department of Medical Oncology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Winald R Gerritsen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Radboud University Medical Centre , Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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Metastasis-inducing proteins are widely expressed in human brain metastases and associated with intracranial progression and radiation response. Br J Cancer 2016; 114:1101-8. [PMID: 27100728 PMCID: PMC4865966 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2016.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Understanding the factors that drive recurrence and radiosensitivity in brain metastases would improve prediction of outcomes, treatment planning and development of therapeutics. We investigated the expression of known metastasis-inducing proteins in human brain metastases. Methods: Immunohistochemistry on metastases removed at neurosurgery from 138 patients to determine the degree and pattern of expression of the proteins S100A4, S100P, AGR2, osteopontin (OPN) and the DNA repair marker FANCD2. Validation of significant findings in a separate prospective series with the investigation of intra-tumoral heterogeneity using image-guided sampling. Assessment of S100A4 expression in brain metastatic and non-metastatic primary breast carcinomas. Results: There was widespread staining for OPN, S100A4, S100P and AGR2 in human brain metastases. Positive staining for S100A4 was independently associated with a shorter time to intracranial progression after resection in multivariate analysis (hazard ratio for negative over positive staining=0.17, 95% CI: 0.04–0.74, P=0.018). S100A4 was expressed at the leading edge of brain metastases in image guided sampling and overexpressed in brain metastatic vs non-brain metastatic primary breast carcinomas. Staining for OPN was associated with a significant increase in survival time after post-operative whole-brain radiotherapy in retrospective (OPN negative 3.43 months, 95% CI: 1.36–5.51 vs OPN positive, 11.20 months 95% CI: 7.68–14.72, Log rank test, P<0.001) and validation populations. Conclusions: Proteins known to be involved in cellular adhesion and migration in vitro, and metastasis in vivo are significantly expressed in human brain metastases and may be useful biomarkers of intracranial progression and radiosensitivity.
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Hong X, Cui B, Wang M, Yang Z, Wang L, Xu Q. Systemic Immune-inflammation Index, Based on Platelet Counts and Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio, Is Useful for Predicting Prognosis in Small Cell Lung Cancer. TOHOKU J EXP MED 2016; 236:297-304. [PMID: 26250537 DOI: 10.1620/tjem.236.297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is an aggressive disease characterized by rapid growth and metastases. It has been recognized that the inflammation of the microenvironment plays a critical role in the development of malignancies. However, little is known about the role of multiple inflammatory and hematological markers in the prognosis of SCLC. The aim of this study was to determine the clinical significance of pre-treatment inflammation-based scores and characteristics as prognostic indicators for the survival of SCLC patients. A retrospective analysis of 919 SCLC cases was performed. Patients' characteristics and hematologic tests data at initial diagnosis were collected. The univariate analysis of all SCLC patients indicated that favorable prognostic factors were age ˂ 70 years, non-smokers, good performance status, limited disease and response to treatment. Moreover, univariate analysis of inflammation-based scores and other blood parameters showed that neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio ≥ 5, platelet-lymphocyte ratio ≥ 250, systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) ≥ 1,600 × 10(9)/L, prognostic nutritional index (albumin + 5 × lymphocyte) < 45, and elevated serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) predicted poor prognosis in SCLC patients. SII represents the score that is calculated as follows: platelet count × neutrophil count/lymphocyte count. In the multivariate analysis, SII, together with serum LDH, stage and response to therapy, were associated with overall survival (OS). This study demonstrated that the combination of platelet count and neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio could help to predict poor prognosis in SCLC. Our findings will facilitate the understanding of survival differences in SCLC patients in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Hong
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital
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Eriksson J, Le Joncour V, Nummela P, Jahkola T, Virolainen S, Laakkonen P, Saksela O, Hölttä E. Gene expression analyses of primary melanomas reveal CTHRC1 as an important player in melanoma progression. Oncotarget 2016; 7:15065-92. [PMID: 26918341 PMCID: PMC4924771 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/31/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is notorious for its high tendency to metastasize and its refractoriness to conventional treatments after metastasis, and the responses to most targeted therapies are short-lived. A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms behind melanoma development and progression is needed to develop more effective therapies and to identify new markers to predict disease behavior. Here, we compared the gene expression profiles of benign nevi, and non-metastatic and metastatic primary melanomas to identify any common changes in disease progression. We identified several genes associated with inflammation, angiogenesis, and extracellular matrix modification to be upregulated in metastatic melanomas. We selected one of these genes, collagen triple helix repeat containing 1 (CTHRC1), for detailed analysis, and found that CTHRC1 was expressed in both melanoma cells and the associated fibroblasts, as well as in the endothelium of tumor blood vessels. Knockdown of CTHRC1 expression by shRNAs in melanoma cells inhibited their migration in Transwell assays and their invasion in three-dimensional collagen and Matrigel matrices. We also elucidated the possible down-stream effectors of CTHRC1 by gene expression profiling of the CTHRC1-knockdown cells. Our analyses showed that CTHRC1 is regulated coordinately with fibronectin and integrin β3 by the pro-invasive and -angiogenic transcription factor NFATC2. We also found CTHRC1 to be a target of TFGβ and BRAF. These data highlight the importance of tumor stroma in melanoma progression. Furthermore, CTHRC1 was recognized as an important mediator of melanoma cell migration and invasion, providing together with its regulators-NFATC2, TGFβ, and BRAF-attractive therapeutic targets against metastatic melanomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Eriksson
- Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Vadim Le Joncour
- University of Helsinki, Research Programs Unit, Translational Cancer Biology, Biomedicum Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pirjo Nummela
- Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tiina Jahkola
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Helsinki University Central Hospital, FI-00029 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Susanna Virolainen
- Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pirjo Laakkonen
- University of Helsinki, Research Programs Unit, Translational Cancer Biology, Biomedicum Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Olli Saksela
- Department of Dermatology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, FI-00029 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Erkki Hölttä
- Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
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Frauchiger AL, Mangana J, Rechsteiner M, Moch H, Seifert B, Braun RP, Dummer R, Goldinger SM. Prognostic relevance of lactate dehydrogenase and serum S100 levels in stage IV melanoma with known BRAF mutation status. Br J Dermatol 2016; 174:823-30. [PMID: 26659191 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.14347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Activating mutations of BRAF provide an important treatment target in patients with melanoma. The prognostic role of several biochemical markers in relation to mutation status is not clear. OBJECTIVES To analyse the prognostic significance of BRAF mutation in patients with melanoma and correlate it to different markers. METHODS In total, 162 patients with stage IV melanoma and known BRAF mutation status were included. Clinical, histopathological and laboratory information was collected and compared between patients with BRAF mutant (BRAFm) and wild-type (BRAFwt) melanoma at the time of first distant metastasis. RESULTS In total, 88 patients (54%) had BRAFm melanoma (V600E/V600K). At the first distant metastasis, S100B levels in BRAFm patients were more frequently elevated (P = 0·01) and significantly higher (P = 0·02). Median overall survival (mOS) was significantly longer in BRAFwt patients with normal compared with patients with elevated S100B levels (P < 0·01). In BRAFm melanoma, elevated S100B levels showed no prognostic influence (P = 0·18). Elevated lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels had a significantly negative impact on mOS in both groups. mOS was increased for BRAFm patients treated with a BRAF inhibitor (BRAFi) compared with BRAFm patients not receiving BRAFi (P = 0·01). No difference in mOS between BRAFm patients who did not receive BRAFi treatment and BRAFwt patients was observed. CONCLUSIONS Better mOS was observed in BRAFm patients treated with BRAFi. BRAFm patients not treated with BRAFi show similar survival curves to BRAFwt patients. Elevated LDH is a BRAF-independent prognostic parameter; S100B has prognostic significance in BRAFwt melanoma only.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Frauchiger
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Gloriastrasse 31, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - J Mangana
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Gloriastrasse 31, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - M Rechsteiner
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Schmelzbergstrasse 12, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - H Moch
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Schmelzbergstrasse 12, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - B Seifert
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, Department of Biostatistics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - R P Braun
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Gloriastrasse 31, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - R Dummer
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Gloriastrasse 31, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - S M Goldinger
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Gloriastrasse 31, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
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Gebhardt C, Lichtenberger R, Utikal J. Eignung und Probleme von Serum S100B als Biomarker zur Verlaufskontrolle bei Hochrisiko-Melanompatienten. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/ddg.50_12727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christoffer Gebhardt
- Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Klinische Kooperationseinheit für Dermato-Onkologie, Heidelberg und Medizinische Fakultät Mannheim, Klinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg; Mannheim Deutschland
| | - Ramtin Lichtenberger
- Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Klinische Kooperationseinheit für Dermato-Onkologie, Heidelberg und Medizinische Fakultät Mannheim, Klinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg; Mannheim Deutschland
| | - Jochen Utikal
- Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Klinische Kooperationseinheit für Dermato-Onkologie, Heidelberg und Medizinische Fakultät Mannheim, Klinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg; Mannheim Deutschland
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Prognostic score for patients with advanced melanoma treated with ipilimumab. Eur J Cancer 2015; 51:2785-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2015.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Revised: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Jackson CM, Kochel CM, Nirschl CJ, Durham NM, Ruzevick J, Alme A, Francica BJ, Elias J, Daniels A, Dubensky TW, Lauer P, Brockstedt DG, Baxi EG, Calabresi PA, Taube JM, Pardo CA, Brem H, Pardoll DM, Lim M, Drake CG. Systemic Tolerance Mediated by Melanoma Brain Tumors Is Reversible by Radiotherapy and Vaccination. Clin Cancer Res 2015; 22:1161-72. [PMID: 26490306 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-15-1516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Immune responses to antigens originating in the central nervous system (CNS) are generally attenuated, as collateral damage can have devastating consequences. The significance of this finding for the efficacy of tumor-targeted immunotherapies is largely unknown. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN The B16 murine melanoma model was used to compare cytotoxic responses against established tumors in the CNS and in the periphery. Cytokine analysis of tissues from brain tumor-bearing mice detected elevated TGFβ secretion from microglia and in the serum and TGFβ signaling blockade reversed tolerance of tumor antigen-directed CD8 T cells. In addition, a treatment regimen using focal radiation therapy and recombinant Listeria monocytogenes was evaluated for immunologic activity and efficacy in this model. RESULTS CNS melanomas were more tolerogenic than equivalently progressed tumors outside the CNS as antigen-specific CD8 T cells were deleted and exhibited impaired cytotoxicity. Tumor-bearing mice had elevated serum levels of TGFβ; however, blocking TGFβ signaling with a small-molecule inhibitor or a monoclonal antibody did not improve survival. Conversely, tumor antigen-specific vaccination in combination with focal radiation therapy reversed tolerance and improved survival. This treatment regimen was associated with increased polyfunctionality of CD8 T cells, elevated T effector to T regulatory cell ratios, and decreased TGFβ secretion from microglia. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that CNS tumors may impair systemic antitumor immunity and consequently accelerate cancer progression locally as well as outside the CNS, whereas antitumor immunity may be restored by combining vaccination with radiation therapy. These findings are hypothesis-generating and warrant further study in contemporary melanoma models as well as human trials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Nicholas M Durham
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jacob Ruzevick
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Angela Alme
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Brian J Francica
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jimmy Elias
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Andrew Daniels
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | | | | | - Emily G Baxi
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Peter A Calabresi
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Janis M Taube
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland. Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Carlos A Pardo
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland. Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Henry Brem
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland. Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Drew M Pardoll
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Michael Lim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.
| | - Charles G Drake
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland. Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.
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Grob JJ, Long GV, Schadendorf D, Flaherty K. Disease kinetics for decision-making in advanced melanoma: a call for scenario-driven strategy trials. Lancet Oncol 2015; 16:e522-6. [DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(15)00003-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Revised: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Valvona CJ, Fillmore HL, Nunn PB, Pilkington GJ. The Regulation and Function of Lactate Dehydrogenase A: Therapeutic Potential in Brain Tumor. Brain Pathol 2015; 26:3-17. [PMID: 26269128 PMCID: PMC8029296 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.12299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 328] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
There are over 120 types of brain tumor and approximately 45% of primary brain tumors are gliomas, of which glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and aggressive with a median survival rate of 14 months. Despite progress in our knowledge, current therapies are unable to effectively combat primary brain tumors and patient survival remains poor. Tumor metabolism is important to consider in therapeutic approaches and is the focus of numerous research investigations. Lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) is a cytosolic enzyme, predominantly involved in anaerobic and aerobic glycolysis (the Warburg effect); however, it has multiple additional functions in non‐neoplastic and neoplastic tissues, which are not commonly known or discussed. This review summarizes what is currently known about the function of LDHA and identifies areas that would benefit from further exploration. The current knowledge of the role of LDHA in the brain and its potential as a therapeutic target for brain tumors will also be highlighted. The Warburg effect appears to be universal in tumors, including primary brain tumors, and LDHA (because of its involvement with this process) has been identified as a potential therapeutic target. Currently, there are, however, no suitable LDHA inhibitors available for tumor therapies in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cara J Valvona
- Cellular & Molecular Neuro-oncology Research Group, University of Portsmouth, School of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Helen L Fillmore
- Cellular & Molecular Neuro-oncology Research Group, University of Portsmouth, School of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Peter B Nunn
- Cellular & Molecular Neuro-oncology Research Group, University of Portsmouth, School of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Geoffrey J Pilkington
- Cellular & Molecular Neuro-oncology Research Group, University of Portsmouth, School of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, Portsmouth, UK
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Weide B, Allgaier N, Hector A, Forschner A, Leiter U, Eigentler TK, Garbe C, Hartl D. Increased CCL17 serum levels are associated with improved survival in advanced melanoma. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2015; 64:1075-82. [PMID: 25990074 PMCID: PMC11029296 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-015-1714-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prognostic factors of melanoma patients with distant metastases remain poorly established. This study aimed to compare the prognostic impact of putative serum biomarkers, namely S100B, YKL-40 or CCL17, in stage IV melanoma patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS Serum concentrations were analyzed by ELISA. Disease-specific survival of 80 patients according to S100B, YKL-40 or CCL17 and clinical factors were calculated by univariate Kaplan-Meier survival and multivariate analysis. RESULTS Low serum levels of S100B, high concentrations of CCL17 and female gender correlated with improved survival. A trend for favorable prognosis was observed for the M categories M1a/b versus M1c according to the AJCC classification. No correlation with survival was evident for YKL-40 serum levels and age. In multivariate analysis, S100B (HR 2.1; p = 0.005) and CCL17 (HR 1.8; p = 0.029) had independent prognostic impact. Patients with a combination of normal S100B and high CCL17 had a high chance for long-term survival, which was 43 % after 3 years. CONCLUSION Serum levels of CCL17 and S100B represent independent prognostic markers for melanoma patients with distant metastases. These biomarkers were more powerful than the M category according to the AJCC classification to indicate overall survival. CCL17 represents a promising biomarker upon immune checkpoint blockade in melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Weide
- Department of Immunology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Nicolas Allgaier
- Department of Pediatrics I, University of Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Strasse 1, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Hector
- Department of Pediatrics I, University of Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Strasse 1, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andrea Forschner
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ulrike Leiter
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Claus Garbe
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Dominik Hartl
- Department of Pediatrics I, University of Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Strasse 1, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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Stark MS, Klein K, Weide B, Haydu LE, Pflugfelder A, Tang YH, Palmer JM, Whiteman DC, Scolyer RA, Mann GJ, Thompson JF, Long GV, Barbour AP, Soyer HP, Garbe C, Herington A, Pollock PM, Hayward NK. The Prognostic and Predictive Value of Melanoma-related MicroRNAs Using Tissue and Serum: A MicroRNA Expression Analysis. EBioMedicine 2015; 2:671-80. [PMID: 26288839 PMCID: PMC4534690 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2015.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Revised: 05/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The overall 5-year survival for melanoma is 91%. However, if distant metastasis occurs (stage IV), cure rates are < 15%. Hence, melanoma detection in earlier stages (stages I–III) maximises the chances of patient survival. We measured the expression of a panel of 17 microRNAs (miRNAs) (MELmiR-17) in melanoma tissues (stage III; n = 76 and IV; n = 10) and serum samples (collected from controls with no melanoma, n = 130; and patients with melanoma (stages I/II, n = 86; III, n = 50; and IV, n = 119)) obtained from biobanks in Australia and Germany. In melanoma tissues, members of the ‘MELmiR-17’ panel were found to be predictors of stage, recurrence, and survival. Additionally, in a minimally-invasive blood test, a seven-miRNA panel (MELmiR-7) detected the presence of melanoma (relative to controls) with high sensitivity (93%) and specificity (≥ 82%) when ≥ 4 miRNAs were expressed. Moreover, the ‘MELmiR-7’ panel characterised overall survival of melanoma patients better than both serum LDH and S100B (delta log likelihood = 11, p < 0.001). This panel was found to be superior to currently used serological markers for melanoma progression, recurrence, and survival; and would be ideally suited to monitor tumour progression in patients diagnosed with early metastatic disease (stages IIIa–c/IV M1a–b) to detect relapse following surgical or adjuvant treatment. A seven-miRNA panel (MELmiR-7) detected the presence of melanoma with high sensitivity (93%) and specificity (≥ 82%). In serially collected stage IV specimens, members of the ‘MELmiR-7’ panel confirmed tumour progression in 100% of cases. The ‘MELmiR-7’ panel is superior to currently used serological markers for melanoma progression, recurrence, and survival.
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Key Words
- AGO2, argonaute RISC catalytic component 2
- AJCC, American Joint Committee on Cancer
- AUC, area under the curve
- AUROC, area under the receiver operator curve
- Biomarker
- CI, confidence interval
- Ct, threshold cycle
- DOR, diagnostic odds ratio
- Diagnostic
- FFPE, formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded
- HR, hazard ratio
- LDH, lactate dehydrogenase
- M1a, metastasis to skin, subcutaneous (below the skin) tissue, or lymph nodes in distant parts of the body, with a normal blood LDH level
- M1b, metastasis to the lungs, with a normal blood LDH level
- M1c, metastasis to any other organs, OR distant spread to any site along with an elevated blood LDH level
- MIA, Melanoma Institute of Australia
- Melanoma
- MiRNA
- MicroRNA
- N stage, nodal or number of lymph nodes stage
- NA, not applicable
- NM, nodular melanoma
- OR, odds ratio
- PD1, programmed cell death protein
- Prognostic
- RNA, ribonucleic acid
- S100B, S100 calcium-binding protein B
- SMM, superficial spreading melanoma
- USA, United States of America
- miR, microRNA
- miRNA, microRNA
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell S Stark
- Oncogenomics Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia ; School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia
| | - Kerenaftali Klein
- Statistics Unit, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia ; Clinical Trials and Biostatistics Unit, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia
| | - Benjamin Weide
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Tubingen, Germany
| | - Lauren E Haydu
- Melanoma Institute Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia ; The University of Sydney, Sydney Medical School, Sydney, Australia
| | - Annette Pflugfelder
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Tubingen, Germany ; Dermatology Research Centre, The University of Queensland, School of Medicine, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Yue Hang Tang
- Surgical Oncology Group, The University of Queensland, School of Medicine, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jane M Palmer
- Oncogenomics Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia
| | - David C Whiteman
- Cancer Control Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia
| | - Richard A Scolyer
- Melanoma Institute Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia ; The University of Sydney, Sydney Medical School, Sydney, Australia
| | - Graham J Mann
- Melanoma Institute Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia ; The University of Sydney, Sydney Medical School, Sydney, Australia
| | - John F Thompson
- Melanoma Institute Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia ; The University of Sydney, Sydney Medical School, Sydney, Australia
| | - Georgina V Long
- Melanoma Institute Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia ; The University of Sydney, Sydney Medical School, Sydney, Australia
| | - Andrew P Barbour
- Surgical Oncology Group, The University of Queensland, School of Medicine, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - H Peter Soyer
- Dermatology Research Centre, The University of Queensland, School of Medicine, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Claus Garbe
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Tubingen, Germany
| | - Adrian Herington
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia
| | - Pamela M Pollock
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia
| | - Nicholas K Hayward
- Oncogenomics Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia
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Prognostic value of pretreatment serum lactate dehydrogenase level in patients with solid tumors: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2015; 5:9800. [PMID: 25902419 PMCID: PMC5386114 DOI: 10.1038/srep09800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although most studies have reported that high serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels are associated with poor prognosis in several malignancies, the consistency and magnitude of the impact of LDH are unclear. We conducted the first comprehensive meta-analysis of the prognostic relevance of LDH in solid tumors. Overall survival (OS) was the primary outcome; progression-free survival (PFS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were secondary outcomes. We identified a total of 68 eligible studies that included 31,857 patients. High LDH was associated with a HR for OS of 1.48 (95% CI = 1.43 to 1.53; P < 0.00001; I2 = 93%), an effect observed in all disease subgroups, sites, stages and cutoff of LDH. HRs for PFS and DFS were 1.70 (95% CI = 1.44 to 2.01; P < 0.00001; I2 = 13%) and 1.86(95% CI = 1.15 to 3.01; P = 0.01; I2 = 88%), respectively. Analysis of LDH as a continuous variable showed poorer OS with increasing LDH (HR 2.11; 95% CI = 1.35 to 3.28). Sensitivity analyses showed there was no association between LDH cutoff and reported HR for OS. High LDH is associated with an adverse prognosis in many solid tumors and its additional prognostic and predictive value for clinical decision-making warrants further investigation.
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46
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Capoccia E, Cirillo C, Marchetto A, Tiberi S, Sawikr Y, Pesce M, D'Alessandro A, Scuderi C, Sarnelli G, Cuomo R, Steardo L, Esposito G. S100B-p53 disengagement by pentamidine promotes apoptosis and inhibits cellular migration via aquaporin-4 and metalloproteinase-2 inhibition in C6 glioma cells. Oncol Lett 2015; 9:2864-2870. [PMID: 26137161 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2015.3091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
S100 calcium-binding protein B (S100B) is highly expressed in glioma cells and promotes cancer cell survival via inhibition of the p53 protein. In melanoma cells, this S100B-p53 interaction is known to be inhibited by pentamidine isethionate, an antiprotozoal agent. Thus, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of pentamidine on rat C6 glioma cell proliferation, migration and apoptosis in vitro. The change in C6 cell proliferation following treatment with pentamidine was determined by performing a 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyltetrazolium bromide-formazan assay. Significant dose-dependent decreases in proliferation were observed at pentamidine concentrations of 0.05 µM (58.5±5%; P<0.05), 0.5 µM (40.6±7%; P<0.01) and 5 µM (13±4%; P<0.001) compared with the control (100% viability). Furthermore, treatment with 0.05, 0.5 and 5 µM pentamidine was associated with a significant increase in apoptosis versus the untreated cells, as determined by DNA fragmentation assays, immunofluorescence analysis of C6 chromatin using Hoechst staining, and immunoblot analysis of B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2)-associated X protein (100%, P<0.05; 453%, P<0.01; and 1000%, P<0.001, respectively) and Bcl-2 (-60%, P<0.001; -80.13%, P<0.001; -95%, P<0.001, respectively). In addition, the administration of 0.05, 0.5 and 5 µM pentamidine significantly upregulated the protein expression levels of p53 (681±87.5%, P<0.05; 1244±94.3%, P<0.01; and 2244±111%, P<0.001, respectively), and significantly downregulated the expression levels of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (42±2.3%, P<0.05; 71±2.5%, P<0.01; and 95.8±3.3%, P<0.001, respectively) and aquaporin 4 (38±2.5%, P<0.05; 69±2.6%, P<0.01; and 88±3.0%, P<0.001, respectively), compared with the untreated cells. The wound healing assay demonstrated that cell migration was significantly impaired by treatment with 0.05, 0.5 and 5 µM pentamidine compared with untreated cells (88±4.2%, P<0.05; 64±2%, P<0.01; and 42±3.1%, P<0.001, respectively). Although additional in vivo studies are required to clarify the current in vitro data, the present study indicates that pentamidine and S100B-p53 inhibitors may represent a novel approach for the treatment of glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Capoccia
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology 'Vittorio Erspamer', Sapienza University of Rome, Rome I-00185, Italy
| | - Carla Cirillo
- Laboratory for Enteric Neuroscience, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders, University of Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Annalisa Marchetto
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology 'Vittorio Erspamer', Sapienza University of Rome, Rome I-00185, Italy
| | - Samanta Tiberi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology 'Vittorio Erspamer', Sapienza University of Rome, Rome I-00185, Italy
| | - Youssef Sawikr
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology 'Vittorio Erspamer', Sapienza University of Rome, Rome I-00185, Italy
| | - Marcella Pesce
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Gastroenterology Unit, University of Naples Federico II, Naples I-80131, Italy
| | - Alessandra D'Alessandro
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Gastroenterology Unit, University of Naples Federico II, Naples I-80131, Italy
| | - Caterina Scuderi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology 'Vittorio Erspamer', Sapienza University of Rome, Rome I-00185, Italy
| | - Giovanni Sarnelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Gastroenterology Unit, University of Naples Federico II, Naples I-80131, Italy
| | - Rosario Cuomo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Gastroenterology Unit, University of Naples Federico II, Naples I-80131, Italy
| | - Luca Steardo
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology 'Vittorio Erspamer', Sapienza University of Rome, Rome I-00185, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Esposito
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology 'Vittorio Erspamer', Sapienza University of Rome, Rome I-00185, Italy
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Neagu M, Constantin C, Dumitrascu GR, Lupu AR, Caruntu C, Boda D, Zurac S. Inflammation markers in cutaneous melanoma - edgy biomarkers for prognosis. Discoveries (Craiova) 2015; 3:e38. [PMID: 32309563 PMCID: PMC6941591 DOI: 10.15190/d.2015.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a fine balance between inflammation and tumorigenesis. While environmentally induced inflammatory condition can precede a malignant transformation, in other cases an oncogenic change of unknown origin can induce an inflammatory microenvironment that promotes the development of tumors. Regardless of its origin, maintaining the inflammation milieu has many tumor-promoting effects. As a result, inflammation can aid the proliferation and survival of malignant cells, can promote angiogenesis and metastasis, can down-regulate innate/adaptive immune responses, and can alter responses to hormones and chemotherapeutic agents. There is an abundance of studies unveiling molecular pathways of cancer-related inflammation; this wealth of information brings new insights into biomarkers domain in the diagnosis and treatment improvement pursue.
In cutaneous tissue there is an established link between tissue damage, inflammation, and cancer development. Inflammation is a self-limiting process in normal healthy physiological conditions, while tumorigenesis is a complex mechanism of constitutive pathway activation. Once more, in cutaneous melanoma, there is an unmet need for inflammatory biomarkers that could improve prognostication. Targeting inflammation and coping with the phenotypic plasticity of melanoma cells represent rational strategies to specifically interfere with metastatic progression. We have shown that there is a prototype of intratumor inflammatory infiltrate depicting a good prognosis, infiltrate that is composed of numerous T cells CD3+, Langerhans cells, few/absent B cells CD20+ and few/absent plasma cells. Circulating immune cells characterized by phenotype particularities are delicately linked to the stage melanoma is diagnosed in. Hence circulatory immune sub-populations, with activated or suppressor phenotype would give the physician a more detailed immune status of the patient. A panel of tissue/circulatory immune markers can complete the immune status, can add value to the overall prognostic of the patient and, as a result direct/redirect the therapy choice. The future lies within establishing low-cost, affordable/available, easily reproducible assays that will complete the pre-clinical parameters of the patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Neagu
- Immunobiology Laboratory, "Victor Babes" National Institute of Pathology and Biomedical Sciences, Bucharest, Romania.,Faculty of Biochemistry, University of Bucharest, Romania
| | - Carolina Constantin
- Immunobiology Laboratory, "Victor Babes" National Institute of Pathology and Biomedical Sciences, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Georgiana Roxana Dumitrascu
- Immunobiology Laboratory, "Victor Babes" National Institute of Pathology and Biomedical Sciences, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Andreea Roxana Lupu
- Immunobiology Laboratory, "Victor Babes" National Institute of Pathology and Biomedical Sciences, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Constantin Caruntu
- Immunobiology Laboratory, "Victor Babes" National Institute of Pathology and Biomedical Sciences, Bucharest, Romania.,Dermatology Research Laboratory, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine & Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Daniel Boda
- Dermatology Research Laboratory, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine & Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Sabina Zurac
- Department of Pathology, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania.,Colentina University Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
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48
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Sundstrøm T, Espedal H, Harter PN, Fasmer KE, Skaftnesmo KO, Horn S, Hodneland E, Mittelbronn M, Weide B, Beschorner R, Bender B, Rygh CB, Lund-Johansen M, Bjerkvig R, Thorsen F. Melanoma brain metastasis is independent of lactate dehydrogenase A expression. Neuro Oncol 2015; 17:1374-85. [PMID: 25791837 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nov040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The key metabolic enzyme lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) is overexpressed in many cancers, and several preclinical studies have shown encouraging results of targeted inhibition. However, the mechanistic importance of LDHA in melanoma is largely unknown and hitherto unexplored in brain metastasis. METHODS We investigated the spatial, temporal, and functional features of LDHA expression in melanoma brain metastasis across multiple in vitro assays, in a robust and predictive animal model employing MRI and PET imaging, and in a unique cohort of 80 operated patients. We further assessed the genomic and proteomic landscapes of LDHA in different cancers, particularly melanomas. RESULTS LDHA expression was especially strong in early and small brain metastases in vivo and related to intratumoral hypoxia in late and large brain metastases in vivo and in patients. However, LDHA expression in human brain metastases was not associated with the number of tumors, BRAF(V600E) status, or survival. Moreover, LDHA depletion by small hairpin RNA interference did not affect cell proliferation or 3D tumorsphere growth in vitro or brain metastasis formation or survival in vivo. Integrated analyses of the genomic and proteomic landscapes of LDHA indicated that LDHA is present but not imperative for tumor progression within the CNS, or predictive of survival in melanoma patients. CONCLUSIONS In a large patient cohort and in a robust animal model, we show that although LDHA expression varies biphasically during melanoma brain metastasis formation, tumor progression and survival seem to be functionally independent of LDHA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terje Sundstrøm
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (T.S., H.E., K.O.S., S.H., E.H., C.B.R., R.Bj., F.T.); Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (T.S., M.L.-J.); Department of Neurosurgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (T.S., M.L.-J.); Edinger-Institute (Neurological Institute), Goethe-University Medical School, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (P.N.H., M.M.); Center for Nuclear Medicine/PET, Department of Oncology and Medical Physics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (K.E.F.); Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Tübingen, Germany (B.W.); Department of Immunology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (B.W.); Department of Neuropathology, Institute for Pathology and Neuropathology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (R.Be.); Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (B.B.); NorLux Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg (R.Bj.)
| | - Heidi Espedal
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (T.S., H.E., K.O.S., S.H., E.H., C.B.R., R.Bj., F.T.); Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (T.S., M.L.-J.); Department of Neurosurgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (T.S., M.L.-J.); Edinger-Institute (Neurological Institute), Goethe-University Medical School, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (P.N.H., M.M.); Center for Nuclear Medicine/PET, Department of Oncology and Medical Physics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (K.E.F.); Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Tübingen, Germany (B.W.); Department of Immunology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (B.W.); Department of Neuropathology, Institute for Pathology and Neuropathology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (R.Be.); Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (B.B.); NorLux Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg (R.Bj.)
| | - Patrick N Harter
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (T.S., H.E., K.O.S., S.H., E.H., C.B.R., R.Bj., F.T.); Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (T.S., M.L.-J.); Department of Neurosurgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (T.S., M.L.-J.); Edinger-Institute (Neurological Institute), Goethe-University Medical School, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (P.N.H., M.M.); Center for Nuclear Medicine/PET, Department of Oncology and Medical Physics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (K.E.F.); Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Tübingen, Germany (B.W.); Department of Immunology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (B.W.); Department of Neuropathology, Institute for Pathology and Neuropathology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (R.Be.); Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (B.B.); NorLux Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg (R.Bj.)
| | - Kristine Eldevik Fasmer
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (T.S., H.E., K.O.S., S.H., E.H., C.B.R., R.Bj., F.T.); Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (T.S., M.L.-J.); Department of Neurosurgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (T.S., M.L.-J.); Edinger-Institute (Neurological Institute), Goethe-University Medical School, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (P.N.H., M.M.); Center for Nuclear Medicine/PET, Department of Oncology and Medical Physics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (K.E.F.); Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Tübingen, Germany (B.W.); Department of Immunology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (B.W.); Department of Neuropathology, Institute for Pathology and Neuropathology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (R.Be.); Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (B.B.); NorLux Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg (R.Bj.)
| | - Kai Ove Skaftnesmo
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (T.S., H.E., K.O.S., S.H., E.H., C.B.R., R.Bj., F.T.); Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (T.S., M.L.-J.); Department of Neurosurgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (T.S., M.L.-J.); Edinger-Institute (Neurological Institute), Goethe-University Medical School, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (P.N.H., M.M.); Center for Nuclear Medicine/PET, Department of Oncology and Medical Physics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (K.E.F.); Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Tübingen, Germany (B.W.); Department of Immunology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (B.W.); Department of Neuropathology, Institute for Pathology and Neuropathology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (R.Be.); Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (B.B.); NorLux Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg (R.Bj.)
| | - Sindre Horn
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (T.S., H.E., K.O.S., S.H., E.H., C.B.R., R.Bj., F.T.); Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (T.S., M.L.-J.); Department of Neurosurgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (T.S., M.L.-J.); Edinger-Institute (Neurological Institute), Goethe-University Medical School, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (P.N.H., M.M.); Center for Nuclear Medicine/PET, Department of Oncology and Medical Physics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (K.E.F.); Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Tübingen, Germany (B.W.); Department of Immunology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (B.W.); Department of Neuropathology, Institute for Pathology and Neuropathology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (R.Be.); Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (B.B.); NorLux Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg (R.Bj.)
| | - Erlend Hodneland
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (T.S., H.E., K.O.S., S.H., E.H., C.B.R., R.Bj., F.T.); Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (T.S., M.L.-J.); Department of Neurosurgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (T.S., M.L.-J.); Edinger-Institute (Neurological Institute), Goethe-University Medical School, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (P.N.H., M.M.); Center for Nuclear Medicine/PET, Department of Oncology and Medical Physics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (K.E.F.); Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Tübingen, Germany (B.W.); Department of Immunology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (B.W.); Department of Neuropathology, Institute for Pathology and Neuropathology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (R.Be.); Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (B.B.); NorLux Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg (R.Bj.)
| | - Michel Mittelbronn
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (T.S., H.E., K.O.S., S.H., E.H., C.B.R., R.Bj., F.T.); Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (T.S., M.L.-J.); Department of Neurosurgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (T.S., M.L.-J.); Edinger-Institute (Neurological Institute), Goethe-University Medical School, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (P.N.H., M.M.); Center for Nuclear Medicine/PET, Department of Oncology and Medical Physics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (K.E.F.); Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Tübingen, Germany (B.W.); Department of Immunology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (B.W.); Department of Neuropathology, Institute for Pathology and Neuropathology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (R.Be.); Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (B.B.); NorLux Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg (R.Bj.)
| | - Benjamin Weide
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (T.S., H.E., K.O.S., S.H., E.H., C.B.R., R.Bj., F.T.); Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (T.S., M.L.-J.); Department of Neurosurgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (T.S., M.L.-J.); Edinger-Institute (Neurological Institute), Goethe-University Medical School, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (P.N.H., M.M.); Center for Nuclear Medicine/PET, Department of Oncology and Medical Physics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (K.E.F.); Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Tübingen, Germany (B.W.); Department of Immunology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (B.W.); Department of Neuropathology, Institute for Pathology and Neuropathology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (R.Be.); Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (B.B.); NorLux Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg (R.Bj.)
| | - Rudi Beschorner
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (T.S., H.E., K.O.S., S.H., E.H., C.B.R., R.Bj., F.T.); Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (T.S., M.L.-J.); Department of Neurosurgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (T.S., M.L.-J.); Edinger-Institute (Neurological Institute), Goethe-University Medical School, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (P.N.H., M.M.); Center for Nuclear Medicine/PET, Department of Oncology and Medical Physics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (K.E.F.); Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Tübingen, Germany (B.W.); Department of Immunology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (B.W.); Department of Neuropathology, Institute for Pathology and Neuropathology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (R.Be.); Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (B.B.); NorLux Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg (R.Bj.)
| | - Benjamin Bender
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (T.S., H.E., K.O.S., S.H., E.H., C.B.R., R.Bj., F.T.); Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (T.S., M.L.-J.); Department of Neurosurgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (T.S., M.L.-J.); Edinger-Institute (Neurological Institute), Goethe-University Medical School, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (P.N.H., M.M.); Center for Nuclear Medicine/PET, Department of Oncology and Medical Physics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (K.E.F.); Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Tübingen, Germany (B.W.); Department of Immunology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (B.W.); Department of Neuropathology, Institute for Pathology and Neuropathology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (R.Be.); Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (B.B.); NorLux Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg (R.Bj.)
| | - Cecilie Brekke Rygh
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (T.S., H.E., K.O.S., S.H., E.H., C.B.R., R.Bj., F.T.); Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (T.S., M.L.-J.); Department of Neurosurgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (T.S., M.L.-J.); Edinger-Institute (Neurological Institute), Goethe-University Medical School, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (P.N.H., M.M.); Center for Nuclear Medicine/PET, Department of Oncology and Medical Physics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (K.E.F.); Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Tübingen, Germany (B.W.); Department of Immunology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (B.W.); Department of Neuropathology, Institute for Pathology and Neuropathology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (R.Be.); Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (B.B.); NorLux Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg (R.Bj.)
| | - Morten Lund-Johansen
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (T.S., H.E., K.O.S., S.H., E.H., C.B.R., R.Bj., F.T.); Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (T.S., M.L.-J.); Department of Neurosurgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (T.S., M.L.-J.); Edinger-Institute (Neurological Institute), Goethe-University Medical School, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (P.N.H., M.M.); Center for Nuclear Medicine/PET, Department of Oncology and Medical Physics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (K.E.F.); Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Tübingen, Germany (B.W.); Department of Immunology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (B.W.); Department of Neuropathology, Institute for Pathology and Neuropathology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (R.Be.); Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (B.B.); NorLux Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg (R.Bj.)
| | - Rolf Bjerkvig
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (T.S., H.E., K.O.S., S.H., E.H., C.B.R., R.Bj., F.T.); Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (T.S., M.L.-J.); Department of Neurosurgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (T.S., M.L.-J.); Edinger-Institute (Neurological Institute), Goethe-University Medical School, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (P.N.H., M.M.); Center for Nuclear Medicine/PET, Department of Oncology and Medical Physics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (K.E.F.); Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Tübingen, Germany (B.W.); Department of Immunology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (B.W.); Department of Neuropathology, Institute for Pathology and Neuropathology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (R.Be.); Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (B.B.); NorLux Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg (R.Bj.)
| | - Frits Thorsen
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (T.S., H.E., K.O.S., S.H., E.H., C.B.R., R.Bj., F.T.); Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway (T.S., M.L.-J.); Department of Neurosurgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (T.S., M.L.-J.); Edinger-Institute (Neurological Institute), Goethe-University Medical School, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (P.N.H., M.M.); Center for Nuclear Medicine/PET, Department of Oncology and Medical Physics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (K.E.F.); Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Tübingen, Germany (B.W.); Department of Immunology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (B.W.); Department of Neuropathology, Institute for Pathology and Neuropathology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (R.Be.); Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (B.B.); NorLux Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg (R.Bj.)
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Falcone T, Janigro D, Lovell R, Simon B, Brown CA, Herrera M, Myint AM, Anand A. S100B blood levels and childhood trauma in adolescent inpatients. J Psychiatr Res 2015; 62:14-22. [PMID: 25669696 PMCID: PMC4413930 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2014.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Revised: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serum levels of the astrocytic protein S100B have been reported to indicate disruption of the blood-brain barrier. In this study, we investigated the relationship between S100B levels and childhood trauma in a child psychiatric inpatient unit. METHOD Levels of S100B were measured in a group of youth with mood disorders or psychosis with and without history of childhood trauma as well as in healthy controls. Study participants were 93 inpatient adolescents admitted with a diagnosis of psychosis (N = 67), or mood disorder (N = 26) and 22 healthy adolescents with no history of trauma or psychiatric illness. Childhood trauma was documented using the Life Events Checklist (LEC) and Adverse Child Experiences (ACE). RESULTS In a multivariate regression model, suicidality scores and trauma were the only two variables which were independently related to serum S100B levels. Patients with greater levels of childhood trauma had significantly higher S100B levels even after controlling for intensity of suicidal ideation. Patients with psychotic diagnoses and mood disorders did not significantly differ in their levels of S100B. Patients exposed to childhood trauma were significantly more likely to have elevated levels of S100B (p < .001) than patients without trauma, and patients with trauma had significantly higher S100B levels (p < .001) when compared to the control group. LEC (p = 0.046), and BPRS-C suicidality scores (p = 0.001) significantly predicted S100B levels. CONCLUSIONS Childhood trauma can potentially affect the integrity of the blood-brain barrier as indicated by associated increased S100B levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Falcone
- Cleveland Clinic, Neurologic Institute, Department of Neurology, 9500 Euclid Avenue, S60, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; Cleveland Clinic, Neurologic Institute, Department of Psychiatry, 9500 Euclid Avenue, P57, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
| | - Damir Janigro
- Cleveland Clinic, Lerner College of Medicine, Cerebrovascular Research NB-20 LRI, 9600 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
| | - Rachel Lovell
- Begun Center for Violence Prevention Research and Education, Case Western Reserve University, 11402 Bellflower Road, Cleveland, OH 44106-7167, USA.
| | - Barry Simon
- Cleveland Clinic, Department of Psychiatry, 9500 Euclid Avenue, P57, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
| | - Charles A. Brown
- Cleveland Clinic, Department of Psychiatry, 9500 Euclid Avenue, P57, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Mariela Herrera
- Cleveland Clinic, Department of Psychiatry, 9500 Euclid Avenue, P57, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
| | - Aye Mu Myint
- Laboratory for Psychoneuroimmunology, Psychiatric Hospital Ludwig-Maximilian University, Nussbaumstrasse, 780336 Munich, Germany.
| | - Amit Anand
- Cleveland Clinic, Department of Psychiatry, Center for Behavioral Health, 9500 Euclid Avenue P57, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
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50
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Alegre E, Sammamed M, Fernández-Landázuri S, Zubiri L, González Á. Circulating biomarkers in malignant melanoma. Adv Clin Chem 2015; 69:47-89. [PMID: 25934359 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2014.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Melanoma is an aggressive tumor with increasing incidence worldwide. Biomarkers are valuable tools to minimize the cost and improve efficacy of treatment of this deadly disease. Serological markers have not widely been introduced in routine clinical practice due to their insufficient diagnostic sensitivity and specificity. It is likely that the lack of objective responses with traditional treatment hinder biomarker research and development in melanoma. Recently, new drugs and therapies have, however, emerged in advanced melanoma with noticeable objective response ratio and survival. In this new scenario, serological tumor markers should be revisited. In addition, other potential circulating biomarkers such as cell-free DNA, exosomes, microRNA, and circulating tumor cells have also been identified. In this review, we summarize classical and emerging tumor markers and discuss their possible roles in emerging therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estibaliz Alegre
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, University Clinic of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Miguel Sammamed
- Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Department of Oncology, University Clinic of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | | | - Leyre Zubiri
- Department of Oncology, University Clinic of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Álvaro González
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, University Clinic of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
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