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Kopa-Stojak PN, Pawliczak R. Comparison of the effects of active and passive smoking of tobacco cigarettes, electronic nicotine delivery systems and tobacco heating products on the expression and secretion of oxidative stress and inflammatory response markers. A systematic review. Inhal Toxicol 2024; 36:75-89. [PMID: 38394073 DOI: 10.1080/08958378.2024.2319315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This work attempts to summarize current knowledge on the effects of active and passive smoking of cigarettes, electronic nicotine delivery systems and tobacco heating products on the expression and secretion of oxidative stress and inflammatory response mediators, and on their possible impact on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease development. MATERIALS AND METHODS The literature was searched by the terms: 'smoking', 'active smoking', 'passive smoking', 'main-stream smoke', 'side-stream smoke', 'secondhand smoke', 'cigarette' 'THP', 'tobacco heating product', 'ENDS', 'electronic nicotine delivery system', 'e-cigarette', 'electronic cigarette', oxidative stress', inflammatory response' and 'gene expression'. RESULTS Cigarette smoking (active and passive) induces oxidative stress and inflammatory response in the airways. We present the effect of active smoking of e-cigarettes (EC) and heat-not-burn (HnB) products on the increased expression and secretion of oxidative stress and inflammatory response markers. However, there is only a limited number of studies on the effect of their second-hand smoking, and those available mainly describe aerosol composition. DISCUSSION The literature provides data which confirm that active and passive cigarette smoking induces oxidative stress and inflammatory response in the airways and is a key risk factor of COPD development. Currently, there is a limited number of data about ENDS and THP active and passive smoking effects on the health of smokers and never-smokers. It is particularly important to assess the effect of such products during long-term use by never-smokers who choose them as the first type of cigarettes, and for never-smokers who are passively exposed to their aerosol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Natalia Kopa-Stojak
- Department of Immunopathology, Division of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Rafal Pawliczak
- Department of Immunopathology, Division of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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2
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Kageyama T, Ito T, Tanaka S, Nakajima H. Physiological and immunological barriers in the lung. Semin Immunopathol 2024; 45:533-547. [PMID: 38451292 PMCID: PMC11136722 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-024-01003-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
The lungs serve as the primary organ for respiration, facilitating the vital exchange of gases with the bloodstream. Given their perpetual exposure to external particulates and pathogens, they possess intricate protective barriers. Cellular adhesion in the lungs is robustly maintained through tight junctions, adherens junctions, and desmosomes. Furthermore, the pulmonary system features a mucociliary clearance mechanism that synthesizes mucus and transports it to the outside. This mucus is enriched with chemical barriers like antimicrobial proteins and immunoglobulin A (IgA). Additionally, a complex immunological network comprising epithelial cells, neural cells, and immune cells plays a pivotal role in pulmonary defense. A comprehensive understanding of these protective systems offers valuable insights into potential pathologies and their therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Kageyama
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan.
- Institute for Advanced Academic Research, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
| | - Takashi Ito
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
- Chiba University Synergy Institute for Futuristic Mucosal Vaccine Research and Development (cSIMVa), Chiba, Japan
| | - Shigeru Tanaka
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nakajima
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
- Chiba University Synergy Institute for Futuristic Mucosal Vaccine Research and Development (cSIMVa), Chiba, Japan
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3
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Strulovici-Barel Y, Rostami MR, Kaner RJ, Mezey JG, Crystal RG. Serial Sampling of the Small Airway Epithelium to Identify Persistent Smoking-dysregulated Genes. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2023; 208:780-790. [PMID: 37531632 PMCID: PMC10563181 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202204-0786oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: The small airway epithelium (beyond the sixth generation), the initiation site of smoking-induced airway disorders, is highly sensitive to the stress of smoking. Because of variations over time in smoking habits, the small airway epithelium transcriptome is dynamic, fluctuating not only among smokers but also within each smoker. Objectives: To perform accurate assessment of the smoking-related dysregulation of the human small airway epithelium despite the variation of smoking within the same individual and of the effects of smoking cessation on the dysregulated transcriptome. Methods: We conducted serial sampling of the same smokers and nonsmoker control subjects over time to identify persistent smoking dysregulation of the biology of the small airway epithelium over 1 year. We conducted serial sampling of smokers who quit smoking, before and after smoking cessation, to assess the effect of smoking cessation on the smoking-dysregulated genes. Measurements and Main Results: Repeated measures ANOVA of the small airway epithelium transcriptome sampled four times in the same individuals over 1 year enabled the identification of 475 persistent smoking-dysregulated genes. Most genes were normalized after 12 months of smoking cessation; however, 53 (11%) genes, including CYP1B1, PIR, ME1, and TRIM16, remained persistently abnormally expressed. Dysregulated pathways enriched with the nonreversible genes included xenobiotic metabolism signaling, bupropion degradation, and nicotine degradation. Conclusions: Analysis of repetitive sampling of the same individuals identified persistent smoking-induced dysregulation of the small airway epithelium transcriptome and the effect of smoking cessation. These results help identify targets for the development of therapies that can be applicable to smoking-related airway diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Robert J. Kaner
- Department of Genetic Medicine and
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York; and
| | - Jason G. Mezey
- Department of Genetic Medicine and
- Department of Biological Statistics and Computational Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Ronald G. Crystal
- Department of Genetic Medicine and
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York; and
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4
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Subramaniyan B, Gurung S, Bodas M, Moore AR, Larabee JL, Reuter D, Georgescu C, Wren JD, Myers DA, Papin JF, Walters MS. The Isolation and In Vitro Differentiation of Primary Fetal Baboon Tracheal Epithelial Cells for the Study of SARS-CoV-2 Host-Virus Interactions. Viruses 2023; 15:v15040862. [PMID: 37112842 PMCID: PMC10146425 DOI: 10.3390/v15040862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The mucociliary airway epithelium lines the human airways and is the primary site of host-environmental interactions in the lung. Following virus infection, airway epithelial cells initiate an innate immune response to suppress virus replication. Therefore, defining the virus-host interactions of the mucociliary airway epithelium is critical for understanding the mechanisms that regulate virus infection, including Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Non-human primates (NHP) are closely related to humans and provide a model to study human disease. However, ethical considerations and high costs can restrict the use of in vivo NHP models. Therefore, there is a need to develop in vitro NHP models of human respiratory virus infection that would allow for rapidly characterizing virus tropism and the suitability of specific NHP species to model human infection. Using the olive baboon (Papio anubis), we have developed methodologies for the isolation, in vitro expansion, cryopreservation, and mucociliary differentiation of primary fetal baboon tracheal epithelial cells (FBTECs). Furthermore, we demonstrate that in vitro differentiated FBTECs are permissive to SARS-CoV-2 infection and produce a potent host innate-immune response. In summary, we have developed an in vitro NHP model that provides a platform for the study of SARS-CoV-2 infection and other human respiratory viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharathiraja Subramaniyan
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (B.S.); (M.B.); (A.R.M.)
| | - Sunam Gurung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (S.G.); (D.A.M.)
| | - Manish Bodas
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (B.S.); (M.B.); (A.R.M.)
| | - Andrew R. Moore
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (B.S.); (M.B.); (A.R.M.)
| | - Jason L. Larabee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA;
| | - Darlene Reuter
- Division of Comparative Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (D.R.); (J.F.P.)
| | - Constantin Georgescu
- Genes & Human Disease Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (C.G.); (J.D.W.)
| | - Jonathan D. Wren
- Genes & Human Disease Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (C.G.); (J.D.W.)
| | - Dean A. Myers
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (S.G.); (D.A.M.)
| | - James F. Papin
- Division of Comparative Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (D.R.); (J.F.P.)
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Matthew S. Walters
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (B.S.); (M.B.); (A.R.M.)
- Correspondence:
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Hossain MA, Asa TA, Auwul MR, Aktaruzzaman M, Rahman MM, Moni MA. The pathogenetic influence of smoking on SARS-CoV-2 infection: Integrative transcriptome and regulomics analysis of lung epithelial cells. Comput Biol Med 2023; 159:106885. [PMID: 37084641 PMCID: PMC10065815 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2023.106885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Corona virus disease (COVID-19) has been emerged as pandemic infectious disease. The recent epidemiological data suggest that the smokers are more vulnerable to infection with COVID-19; however, the influence of smoking (SMK) on the COVID-19 infected patients and the mortality is not known yet. In this study, we aimed to discern the influence of SMK on COVID-19 infected patients utilizing the transcriptomics data of COVID-19 infected lung epithelial cells and transcriptomics data smoking matched with controls from lung epithelial cells. The bioinformatics based analysis revealed the molecular insights into the level of transcriptional changes and pathways which are important to identify the impact of smoking on COVID-19 infection and prevalence. We compared differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between COVID-19 and SMK and 59 DEGs were identified as consistently dysregulated at transcriptomics levels. The correlation network analyses were constructed for these common genes using WGCNA R package to see the relationship among these genes. Integration of DEGs with network analysis (protein-protein interaction) showed the presence of 9 hub proteins as key so called "candidate hub proteins" overlapped between COVID-19 patients and SMK. The Gene Ontology and pathways analysis demonstrated the enrichment of inflammatory pathway such as IL-17 signaling pathway, Interleukin-6 signaling, TNF signaling pathway and MAPK1/MAPK3 signaling pathways that might be the therapeutic targets in COVID-19 for smoking persons. The identified genes, pathways, hubs genes, and their regulators might be considered for establishment of key genes and drug targets for SMK and COVID-19.
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Prabhala P, Magnusson M. Inflammatory Alveolar Type 2 Cells in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Impairing or Improving Disease Outcome? Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2022; 67:621-622. [PMID: 36223081 PMCID: PMC9743188 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2022-0371ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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7
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Peng G, Xi Y, Bellini C, Pham K, Zhuang ZW, Yan Q, Jia M, Wang G, Lu L, Tang MS, Zhao H, Wang H. Nicotine dose-dependent epigenomic-wide DNA methylation changes in the mice with long-term electronic cigarette exposure. Am J Cancer Res 2022; 12:3679-3692. [PMID: 36119846 PMCID: PMC9442002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 04/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenomic-wide DNA methylation profiling holds the potential to reflect both electronic cigarette exposure-associated risks and individual poor health outcomes. However, a systemic study in animals or humans is still lacking. Using the Infinium Mouse Methylation BeadChip, we examined the DNA methylation status of white blood cells in male ApoE-/- mice after 14 weeks of electronic cigarette exposure with the InExpose system (2 hr/day, 5 days/week, 50% PG and 50% VG) with low (6 mg/ml) and high (36 mg/ml) nicotine concentrations. Our results indicate that electronic cigarette aerosol inhalation induces significant alteration of 8,985 CpGs in a dose-dependent manner (FDR<0.05); 7,389 (82.2%) of the CpG sites are annotated with known genes. Among the top 6 significant CpG sites (P-value<1e-8), 4 CpG sites are located in the known genes, and most (3/5) of these genes have been related to cigarette smoking. The other two CpGs are close to/associated with the Phc2 gene that was recently linked to smoking in a transcriptome-wide associations study. Furthermore, the gene set enrichment analysis highlights the activation of MAPK and 4 cardiomyocyte/cardiomyopathy-related signaling pathways (including adrenergic signaling in cardiomyocytes and arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy) following repeated electronic cigarette use. The MAPK pathway activation correlates well with our finding of increased cytokine mRNA expression after electronic cigarette exposure in the same batch of mice. Interestingly, two pathways related to mitochondrial activities, namely mitochondrial gene expression and mitochondrial translation, are also activated after electronic cigarette exposure. Elucidating the relationship between these pathways and the increased circulating mitochondrial DNA observed here will provide further insight into the cell-damaging effects of prolonged inhalation of e-cigarette aerosols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Peng
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale University School of Public HealthNew Haven, USA
| | - Yibo Xi
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of MedicineNew Haven, USA
| | - Chiara Bellini
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Northeastern UniversityUSA
| | - Kien Pham
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of MedicineNew Haven, USA
| | - Zhen W Zhuang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale University School of MedicineNew Haven, USA
| | - Qin Yan
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of MedicineNew Haven, USA
| | - Man Jia
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of MedicineNew Haven, USA
| | - Guilin Wang
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of MedicineNew Haven, USA
| | - Lingeng Lu
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale University School of Public HealthNew Haven, USA
| | - Moon-Shong Tang
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of MedicineNew York, USA
| | - Hongyu Zhao
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale University School of Public HealthNew Haven, USA
| | - He Wang
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of MedicineNew Haven, USA
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8
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Ripon Rouf ASM, Amin MA, Islam MK, Haque F, Ahmed KR, Rahman MA, Islam MZ, Kim B. Statistical Bioinformatics to Uncover the Underlying Biological Mechanisms That Linked Smoking with Type 2 Diabetes Patients Using Transcritpomic and GWAS Analysis. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27144390. [PMID: 35889263 PMCID: PMC9323276 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27144390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a chronic metabolic disease defined by insulin insensitivity corresponding to impaired insulin sensitivity, decreased insulin production, and eventually failure of beta cells in the pancreas. There is a 30–40 percent higher risk of developing T2D in active smokers. Moreover, T2D patients with active smoking may gradually develop many complications. However, there is still no significant research conducted to solve the issue. Hence, we have proposed a highthroughput network-based quantitative pipeline employing statistical methods. Transcriptomic and GWAS data were analysed and obtained from type 2 diabetes patients and active smokers. Differentially Expressed Genes (DEGs) resulted by comparing T2D patients’ and smokers’ tissue samples to those of healthy controls of gene expression transcriptomic datasets. We have found 55 dysregulated genes shared in people with type 2 diabetes and those who smoked, 27 of which were upregulated and 28 of which were downregulated. These identified DEGs were functionally annotated to reveal the involvement of cell-associated molecular pathways and GO terms. Moreover, protein–protein interaction analysis was conducted to discover hub proteins in the pathways. We have also identified transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulators associated with T2D and smoking. Moreover, we have analysed GWAS data and found 57 common biomarker genes between T2D and smokers. Then, Transcriptomic and GWAS analyses are compared for more robust outcomes and identified 1 significant common gene, 19 shared significant pathways and 12 shared significant GOs. Finally, we have discovered protein–drug interactions for our identified biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Md. Al Amin
- Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Prime University, Dhaka 1216, Bangladesh;
| | - Md. Khairul Islam
- Department of Information & Communication Technology, Islamic University, Kushtia 7003, Bangladesh;
| | - Farzana Haque
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Islamic University, Kushtia 7003, Bangladesh;
| | - Kazi Rejvee Ahmed
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Hoegidong Dongdaemungu, Seoul 02447, Korea;
| | - Md. Ataur Rahman
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Hoegidong Dongdaemungu, Seoul 02447, Korea;
- Korean Medicine-Based Drug Repositioning Cancer Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
- Correspondence: (M.A.R.); (M.Z.I.); (B.K.)
| | - Md. Zahidul Islam
- Department of Information & Communication Technology, Islamic University, Kushtia 7003, Bangladesh;
- Correspondence: (M.A.R.); (M.Z.I.); (B.K.)
| | - Bonglee Kim
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Hoegidong Dongdaemungu, Seoul 02447, Korea;
- Korean Medicine-Based Drug Repositioning Cancer Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
- Correspondence: (M.A.R.); (M.Z.I.); (B.K.)
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9
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Fiberoptic Bronchoscopic Findings in Patients Suffering from Emerging Pulmonary Lophomoniasis: A First Registry-Based Clinical Study. Interdiscip Perspect Infect Dis 2022; 2022:8034295. [PMID: 35722220 PMCID: PMC9204497 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8034295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lophomonas blattarum is an emerging protozoan agent that mainly infects the lower respiratory system, causing pulmonary lophomoniasis. The bronchoscopic findings in patients with pulmonary lophomoniasis have not been investigated yet. Accordingly, we assess the bronchoscopic findings of lophomoniasis in patients suffering from pulmonary lophomoniasis through a registry-based clinical study. Methods In this retrospective study, of 480 patient candidates for bronchoscopy, 50 Lophomonas-positive patients were enrolled. Demographic data, relevant characteristics, and bronchoscopy findings of the patients were recorded and analyzed. Results Overall, 50 (male = 32, female = 18) patients with an average age of 61.8 ± 13.3 years were examined. Nineteen patients (38%) had normal bronchoscopic findings, and 31 patients (62%) had abnormal bronchoscopic findings. According to the severity index, most (52%) of patients had mild severity, followed by moderate (30%) and severe (18%) cases. The highest involvement was in the right lung bronchus (46%), and the lowest was in the carina (8%). Furthermore, purulent and mucosal secretions in the right and left lung bronchus were the most abnormalities found in different anatomical locations. Conclusion For the first time, the current study demonstrated that pulmonary lophomoniasis does not have pathognomonic bronchoscopic findings. However, each suspected patient must be checked for lophomoniasis, even with normal bronchoscopic findings, particularly in endemic areas.
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10
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Senescence: Pathogenic Driver in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2022; 58:medicina58060817. [PMID: 35744080 PMCID: PMC9228143 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58060817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is recognized as a disease of accelerated lung aging. Over the past two decades, mounting evidence suggests an accumulation of senescent cells within the lungs of patients with COPD that contributes to dysregulated tissue repair and the secretion of multiple inflammatory proteins, termed the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Cellular senescence in COPD is linked to telomere dysfunction, DNA damage, and oxidative stress. This review gives an overview of the mechanistic contributions and pathologic consequences of cellular senescence in COPD and discusses potential therapeutic approaches targeting senescence-associated signaling in COPD.
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11
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Erickson-DiRenzo E, Easwaran M, Martinez JD, Dewan K, Sung CK. Mainstream Cigarette Smoke Impacts the Mouse Vocal Fold Epithelium and Mucus Barrier. Laryngoscope 2021; 131:2530-2539. [PMID: 33864646 PMCID: PMC8502200 DOI: 10.1002/lary.29572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS Cigarette smoke (CS) is a primary risk factor for the development of numerous benign and malignant laryngeal diseases. The epithelium and mucus lining the vocal folds (VF) are the first barriers against CS. The primary objective of this study was to investigate epithelial and mucus barrier changes in the mouse laryngeal mucosa upon exposure to subacute CS. The secondary objective was to compare mucus barrier changes in mice and human smokers and nonsmokers. Study Design Animal model. METHODS Mice were exposed to CS for 4 weeks for 4 hours (N = 12, high dose [HD]) or 1 hour (N = 12, low dose [LD]) per day. Air-exposed mice were used as a control group (N = 10). Larynges were harvested and VF epithelial barrier integrity was evaluated including cellular proliferation and expression of cell junctions. We also investigated mucus production by examining mucus cell area and mucin expression in mice and human smokers and nonsmokers. RESULTS HD CS increased VF epithelial cellular proliferation but did not alter the expression of cell junctions. HD CS also induced hypertrophy of the mucus-producing submucosal glands. However, only LD CS increased MUC5AC gene expression. MUC5AC staining appeared elevated in laryngeal specimens from smokers, but this was not significant as compared to nonsmokers. CONCLUSIONS These findings help us identify potential adaptive mechanisms to CS exposure as well as set the foundation for further study of key aspects of epithelial and mucus barrier integrity that may be implicated in laryngeal disease development following prolonged smoking. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE NA Laryngoscope, 131:2530-2539, 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Erickson-DiRenzo
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, U.S.A
| | - Meena Easwaran
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, U.S.A
| | - Joshua D Martinez
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, U.S.A
| | - Karuna Dewan
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, U.S.A
| | - Chih Kwang Sung
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, U.S.A
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Li H, Cui L, Liu Q, Dou S, Wang W, Xie M, Xu X, Zheng C, Li T, Huang S, Cui X, Xiao W. Ginsenoside Rb3 Alleviates CSE-induced TROP2 Upregulation through p38 MAPK and NF-κB Pathways in Basal Cells. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2021; 64:747-759. [PMID: 33705682 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2020-0208oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Smoking-mediated reprogramming of the phenotype and function of airway basal cells (BCs) disrupts airway homeostasis and is an early event in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)-associated airway remodeling. Here, we examined the expression and regulation of the transmembrane glycoprotein TROP2 (trophoblast antigen 2), a putative stem cell marker in airway BCs, in lung tissue samples from healthy smokers and healthy nonsmokers and in models in culture to identify therapeutic targets. TROP2 expression was upregulated in the airway epithelia of smokers and positively correlated with the smoking index. In vitro, cigarette smoke extract (CSE) induced TROP2 expression in airway BCs in a time- and dose-dependent manner. The p38 MAPK and NF-κB pathways were also activated by CSE, and their specific antagonists inhibited CSE-induced TROP2 expression. A therapeutic component derived from traditional Chinese medicine, ginsenoside Rb3, inhibited CSE-induced TROP2 expression as well as activation of the p38 MAPK and NF-κB pathways in BCs in monolayer culture. Furthermore, ginsenoside Rb3 prevented the increase in TROP2 expression and antagonized CSE-induced BC hyperplasia and expression of inflammatory factors and epithelial-mesenchymal transition changes in an air-liquid culture model. Thus, CSE-induced TROP2 is a possible biomarker for early changes in the epithelium of smokers, and ginsenoside Rb3 may serve as a therapeutic molecule, preventing the disruption of epithelial homeostasis in COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Wei Wang
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine
| | | | - Xia Xu
- Department of Geriatric Medicine
| | | | - Tao Li
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine
| | - Shanying Huang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China; and
| | - Xiaopei Cui
- Department of Geriatrics and the Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Wei Xiao
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine
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Cigarette Smoke Specifically Affects Small Airway Epithelial Cell Populations and Triggers the Expansion of Inflammatory and Squamous Differentiation Associated Basal Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147646. [PMID: 34299265 PMCID: PMC8305830 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Smoking is a major risk factor for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and causes remodeling of the small airways. However, the exact smoke-induced effects on the different types of small airway epithelial cells (SAECs) are poorly understood. Here, using air–liquid interface (ALI) cultures, single-cell RNA-sequencing reveals previously unrecognized transcriptional heterogeneity within the small airway epithelium and cell type-specific effects upon acute and chronic cigarette smoke exposure. Smoke triggers detoxification and inflammatory responses and aberrantly activates and alters basal cell differentiation. This results in an increase of inflammatory basal-to-secretory cell intermediates and, particularly after chronic smoke exposure, a massive expansion of a rare inflammatory and squamous metaplasia associated KRT6A+ basal cell state and an altered secretory cell landscape. ALI cultures originating from healthy non-smokers and COPD smokers show similar responses to cigarette smoke exposure, although an increased pro-inflammatory profile is conserved in the latter. Taken together, the in vitro models provide high-resolution insights into the smoke-induced remodeling of the small airways resembling the pathological processes in COPD airways. The data may also help to better understand other lung diseases including COVID-19, as the data reflect the smoke-dependent variable induction of SARS-CoV-2 entry factors across SAEC populations.
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Su CT, Urban Z. LTBP4 in Health and Disease. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12060795. [PMID: 34071145 PMCID: PMC8224675 DOI: 10.3390/genes12060795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Latent transforming growth factor β (TGFβ)-binding protein (LTBP) 4, a member of the LTBP family, shows structural homology with fibrillins. Both these protein types are characterized by calcium-binding epidermal growth factor-like repeats interspersed with 8-cysteine domains. Based on its domain composition and distribution, LTBP4 is thought to adopt an extended structure, facilitating the linear deposition of tropoelastin onto microfibrils. In humans, mutations in LTBP4 result in autosomal recessive cutis laxa type 1C, characterized by redundant skin, pulmonary emphysema, and valvular heart disease. LTBP4 is an essential regulator of TGFβ signaling and is related to development, immunity, injury repair, and diseases, playing a central role in regulating inflammation, fibrosis, and cancer progression. In this review, we focus on medical disorders or diseases that may be manipulated by LTBP4 in order to enhance the understanding of this protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Ting Su
- Department of Internal Medicine, Renal Division, National Taiwan University Hospital Yunlin Branch, Douliu 640, Taiwan;
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Department of Medicine, National Taiwan University Cancer Center Hospital, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Zsolt Urban
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-412-648-8269
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Bass AJ, Storey JD. The optimal discovery procedure for significance analysis of general gene expression studies. Bioinformatics 2021; 37:367-374. [PMID: 32818252 PMCID: PMC8058779 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btaa707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Motivation Analysis of biological data often involves the simultaneous testing of thousands of genes. This requires two key steps: the ranking of genes and the selection of important genes based on a significance threshold. One such testing procedure, called the optimal discovery procedure (ODP), leverages information across different tests to provide an optimal ranking of genes. This approach can lead to substantial improvements in statistical power compared to other methods. However, current applications of the ODP have only been established for simple study designs using microarray technology. Here, we extend this work to the analysis of complex study designs and RNA-sequencing studies. Results We apply our extended framework to a static RNA-sequencing study, a longitudinal study, an independent sampling time-series study,and an independent sampling dose–response study. Our method shows improved performance compared to other testing procedures, finding more differentially expressed genes and increasing power for enrichment analysis. Thus, the extended ODP enables a favorable significance analysis of genome-wide gene expression studies. Availability and implementation The algorithm is implemented in our freely available R package called edge and can be downloaded at https://www.bioconductor.org/packages/release/bioc/html/edge.html. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Bass
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - John D Storey
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
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Hedström U, Öberg L, Vaarala O, Dellgren G, Silverborn M, Bjermer L, Westergren-Thorsson G, Hallgren O, Zhou X. Impaired Differentiation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Bronchial Epithelial Cells Grown on Bronchial Scaffolds. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2021; 65:201-213. [PMID: 33882260 PMCID: PMC8399573 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2019-0395oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by airway inflammation, small airway remodeling, and emphysema. Airway remodeling in patients with COPD involves both the airway epithelium and the subepithelial extracellular matrix (ECM). However, it is currently unknown how epithelial remodeling in COPD airways depends on the relative influence from inherent defects in the epithelial cells and alterations in the ECM. To address this, we analyzed global gene expression in COPD human bronchial epithelial cells (HBEC) and normal HBEC after repopulation on decellularized bronchial scaffolds derived from patients with COPD or donors without COPD. COPD HBEC grown on bronchial scaffolds showed an impaired ability to initiate ciliated-cell differentiation, which was evident on all scaffolds regardless of their origin. In addition, although normal HBEC were less affected by the disease state of the bronchial scaffolds, COPD HBEC showed a gene expression pattern indicating increased proliferation and a retained basal-cell phenotype when grown on COPD bronchial scaffolds compared with normal bronchial scaffolds. By using mass spectrometry, we identified 13 matrisome proteins as being differentially abundant between COPD bronchial scaffolds and normal bronchial scaffolds. These observations are consistent with COPD pathology and suggest that both epithelial cells and the ECM contribute to epithelial-cell remodeling in COPD airways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulf Hedström
- Department of Bioscience COPD/IPF, and.,Division of Lung Biology, Department of Experimental Medical Science, and
| | - Lisa Öberg
- Department of Translational Science and Experimental Medicine, Research and Early Development, Respiratory and Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals Research and Development, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Göran Dellgren
- Transplant Institute and.,Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Martin Silverborn
- Transplant Institute and.,Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Leif Bjermer
- Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; and
| | | | - Oskar Hallgren
- Division of Lung Biology, Department of Experimental Medical Science, and.,Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; and
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Easwaran M, Martinez JD, Ramirez DJ, Gall PA, Erickson-DiRenzo E. Short-term whole body cigarette smoke exposure induces regional differences in cellular response in the mouse larynx. Toxicol Rep 2021; 8:920-937. [PMID: 33996505 PMCID: PMC8099918 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2021.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Short-term CSE induced regional differences in murine laryngeal cellular responses. Basal cell hyperplasia accompanies adaptive cell proliferation in the vocal folds. Increased subglottic cell proliferation persists even after CS cessation. SEM revealed vocal fold microprojection damage with possible necrotic features. Subglandular acidic mucins decreased and neutral mucins increased post-CSE.
The larynx is an essential organ in the respiratory tract and necessary for airway protection, respiration, and phonation. Cigarette smoking is a significant risk factor associated with benign and malignant laryngeal diseases. Despite this association, the underlying mechanisms by which cigarette smoke (CS) drives disease development are not well elucidated. In the current study, we developed a short-term murine whole body inhalation model to evaluate the first CS-induced cellular responses in the glottic [i.e. vocal fold (VF)] and subglottic regions of the larynx. Specifically, we investigated epithelial cell proliferation, cell death, surface topography, and mucus production, at various time points (1 day, 5 days, 10 days) after ∼ 2 h exposure to 3R4F cigarettes (Delivered dose: 5.6968 mg/kg per cigarette) and following cessation for 5 days after a 5 day CS exposure (CSE). CSE elevated levels of BrdU labeled proliferative cells and p63 labeled epithelial basal cells on day 1 in the VF. CSE increased proliferative cells in the subglottis at days 5, 10 and following cessation in the subglottis. Cleaved caspase-3 apoptotic activity was absent in VF at all time points and increased at day 1 in the subglottis. Evaluation of the VF surface by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed significant epithelial microprojection damage at day 10 and early signs of necrosis at days 5 and 10 post-CSE. SEM visualizations additionally indicated the presence of deformed cilia at days 5 and 10 after CSE and post-cessation in the respiratory epithelium lined subglottis. In terms of mucin content, the impact of short-term CSE was observed only at day 10, with decreasing acidic mucin levels and increasing neutral mucin levels. Overall, these findings reveal regional differences in murine laryngeal cellular responses following short-term CSE and provide insight into potential mechanisms underlying CS-induced laryngeal disease development.
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Key Words
- AB/PAS, Alcian blue/Periodic acid Schiff
- BLOQ, below limits of quantitation
- BSA, bovine serum albumin
- BrdU, 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine
- CBF, ciliary beat frequency
- CC3, cleaved caspase-3
- CO, Carbon monoxide
- CS, cigarette smoke
- CSE, cigarette smoke exposure
- Cell death
- Cell proliferation
- Cigarette smoke
- DAB, 3,3′-diaminobenzidine
- FTC/ISO, Federal Trade Commission/International Standard Organization
- GSD, geometric standard deviation
- H&E, Hematoxylin and Eosin
- HIER, heat-induced antigen retrieval
- HPF, high power field
- MCC, mucociliary clearance
- MMAD, Mass median aerodynamic diameter
- Mucus production
- Murine larynx
- NMR, nicotine metabolite ratio
- OECD, organization for economic co-operation and development
- PAHs, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
- RE, respiratory epithelium
- REV, reversibility
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- SCIREQ, Scientific Respiratory Equipment Inc
- SEM, scanning electron microscopy
- SSE, stratified squamous epithelium
- SWGTOX, Scientific Working Group for Forensic Toxicology
- Surface topography
- TBST, tris-buffered saline-tween 20
- TPM, total particulate matter
- TSNA, tobacco-specific nitrosamines
- UPLC-MS/MS, ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometer
- VF, vocal fold
- VSC, veterinary service center
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Affiliation(s)
- Meena Easwaran
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Joshua D Martinez
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Daniel J Ramirez
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Phillip A Gall
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Erickson-DiRenzo
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
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18
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Cellular and functional heterogeneity of the airway epithelium. Mucosal Immunol 2021; 14:978-990. [PMID: 33608655 PMCID: PMC7893625 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-020-00370-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The airway epithelium protects us from environmental insults, which we encounter with every breath. Not only does it passively filter large particles, it also senses potential danger and alerts other cells, including immune and nervous cells. Together, these tissues orchestrate the most appropriate response, balancing the need to eliminate the danger with the risk of damage to the host. Each cell subset within the airway epithelium plays its part, and when impaired, may contribute to the development of respiratory disease. Here we highlight recent advances regarding the cellular and functional heterogeneity along the airway epithelium and discuss how we can use this knowledge to design more effective, targeted therapeutics.
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19
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Pineau F, Shumyatsky G, Owuor N, Nalamala N, Kotnala S, Bolla S, Marchetti N, Kelsen S, Criner GJ, Sajjan US. Microarray analysis identifies defects in regenerative and immune response pathways in COPD airway basal cells. ERJ Open Res 2020; 6:00656-2020. [PMID: 33313308 PMCID: PMC7720690 DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00656-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Airway basal cells are specialised stem cells and regenerate airway epithelium. Airway basal cells isolated from patients with COPD regenerate airway epithelium with an abnormal phenotype. We performed gene expression analysis to gain insights into the defective regenerative programme in COPD basal cells. Methods We conducted microarray analysis and compared COPD versus normal basal cells to identify differentially regulated genes (DEGs) and the enriched biological pathways. We determined the correlation of DEGs with cell polarisation and markers of ciliated and goblet cells. HOXB2 was knocked down in 16HBE14o− cells and monitored for polarisation of cells. HOXB2 expression in the lung sections was determined by immunofluorescence. Results Comparison of normal and COPD basal cell transcriptomic profiles highlighted downregulation of genes associated with tissue development, epithelial cell differentiation and antimicrobial humoral response. Expression of one of the tissue development genes, HOXB2 showed strong correlation with transepithelial resistance and this gene was downregulated in COPD basal cells. Knockdown of HOXB2, abrogated polarisation of epithelial cells in normal cells. Finally, HOXB2 expression was substantially reduced in the bronchial epithelium of COPD patients. Conclusions Defect in gene signatures involved in tissue development and epithelial differentiation were implicated in COPD basal cells. One of the tissue developmental genes, HOXB2, is substantially reduced in bronchial epithelium of COPD patients. Since HOXB2 contributes to airway epithelial cell polarisation, we speculate that reduced expression of HOXB2 in COPD may contribute to abnormal airway epithelial regeneration in COPD. COPD airway basal cells show downregulation of gene sets that are involved in intercellular junctions, epithelial differentiation and immune responses, highlighting the possible mechanisms of defective airway epithelial repair in COPDhttps://bit.ly/3kneloj
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Pineau
- Dept of Thoracic Surgery and Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Nicole Owuor
- Dept of Thoracic Surgery and Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nisha Nalamala
- Dept of Thoracic Surgery and Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sudhir Kotnala
- Dept of Thoracic Surgery and Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sudhir Bolla
- Dept of Thoracic Surgery and Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nathaniel Marchetti
- Dept of Thoracic Surgery and Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Steven Kelsen
- Dept of Thoracic Surgery and Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Gerard J Criner
- Dept of Thoracic Surgery and Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Uma S Sajjan
- Dept of Thoracic Surgery and Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Dept of Physiology, Lewis Katz Medical School, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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20
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Parekh KR, Nawroth J, Pai A, Busch SM, Senger CN, Ryan AL. Stem cells and lung regeneration. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2020; 319:C675-C693. [PMID: 32783658 PMCID: PMC7654650 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00036.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The ability to replace defective cells in an airway with cells that can engraft, integrate, and restore a functional epithelium could potentially cure a number of lung diseases. Progress toward the development of strategies to regenerate the adult lung by either in vivo or ex vivo targeting of endogenous stem cells or pluripotent stem cell derivatives is limited by our fundamental lack of understanding of the mechanisms controlling human lung development, the precise identity and function of human lung stem and progenitor cell types, and the genetic and epigenetic control of human lung fate. In this review, we intend to discuss the known stem/progenitor cell populations, their relative differences between rodents and humans, their roles in chronic lung disease, and their therapeutic prospects. Additionally, we highlight the recent breakthroughs that have increased our understanding of these cell types. These advancements include novel lineage-traced animal models and single-cell RNA sequencing of human airway cells, which have provided critical information on the stem cell subtypes, transition states, identifying cell markers, and intricate pathways that commit a stem cell to differentiate or to maintain plasticity. As our capacity to model the human lung evolves, so will our understanding of lung regeneration and our ability to target endogenous stem cells as a therapeutic approach for lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalpaj R Parekh
- Department Surgery, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Janna Nawroth
- Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Albert Pai
- Department Surgery, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Shana M Busch
- Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Christiana N Senger
- Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Amy L Ryan
- Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
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21
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Cell-specific expression of lung disease risk-related genes in the human small airway epithelium. Respir Res 2020; 21:200. [PMID: 32727470 PMCID: PMC7389881 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-020-01442-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The human small airway epithelium (SAE) plays a central role in the early events in the pathogenesis of most inherited and acquired lung disorders. Little is known about the molecular phenotypes of the specific cell populations comprising the SAE in humans, and the contribution of SAE specific cell populations to the risk for lung diseases. Methods Drop-seq single-cell RNA-sequencing was used to characterize the transcriptome of single cells from human SAE of nonsmokers and smokers by bronchoscopic brushing. Results Eleven distinct cell populations were identified, including major and rare epithelial cells, and immune/inflammatory cells. There was cell type-specific expression of genes relevant to the risk of the inherited pulmonary disorders, genes associated with risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and (non-mutated) driver genes for lung cancers. Cigarette smoking significantly altered the cell type-specific transcriptomes and disease risk-related genes. Conclusions This data provides new insights into the possible contribution of specific lung cells to the pathogenesis of lung disorders.
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22
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Manevski M, Muthumalage T, Devadoss D, Sundar IK, Wang Q, Singh KP, Unwalla HJ, Chand HS, Rahman I. Cellular stress responses and dysfunctional Mitochondrial-cellular senescence, and therapeutics in chronic respiratory diseases. Redox Biol 2020; 33:101443. [PMID: 32037306 PMCID: PMC7251248 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The abnormal inflammatory responses due to the lung tissue damage and ineffective repair/resolution in response to the inhaled toxicants result in the pathological changes associated with chronic respiratory diseases. Investigation of such pathophysiological mechanisms provides the opportunity to develop the molecular phenotype-specific diagnostic assays and could help in designing the personalized medicine-based therapeutic approaches against these prevalent diseases. As the central hubs of cell metabolism and energetics, mitochondria integrate cellular responses and interorganellar signaling pathways to maintain cellular and extracellular redox status and the cellular senescence that dictate the lung tissue responses. Specifically, as observed in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and pulmonary fibrosis, the mitochondria-endoplasmic reticulum (ER) crosstalk is disrupted by the inhaled toxicants such as the combustible and emerging electronic nicotine-delivery system (ENDS) tobacco products. Thus, the recent research efforts have focused on understanding how the mitochondria-ER dysfunctions and oxidative stress responses can be targeted to improve inflammatory and cellular dysfunctions associated with these pathologic illnesses that are exacerbated by viral infections. The present review assesses the importance of these redox signaling and cellular senescence pathways that describe the role of mitochondria and ER on the development and function of lung epithelial responses, highlighting the cause and effect associations that reflect the disease pathogenesis and possible intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko Manevski
- Department of Immunology and NanoMedicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Thivanka Muthumalage
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Dinesh Devadoss
- Department of Immunology and NanoMedicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Isaac K Sundar
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Qixin Wang
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Kameshwar P Singh
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Hoshang J Unwalla
- Department of Immunology and NanoMedicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Hitendra S Chand
- Department of Immunology and NanoMedicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Irfan Rahman
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
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23
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Rahimi N, Azizi M, Bahari G, Narouie B, Hashemi M. Association of EGLN2 rs10680577 Polymorphism with the Risk and Clinicopathological Features of Patients with Prostate Cancer. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2020; 21:1221-1226. [PMID: 32458625 PMCID: PMC7541883 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2020.21.5.1221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies have evaluated the association between EGLN2 4-bp insertion/deletion (ins/del) polymorphism (rs10680577) and many cancers. However, up to date, no study has inspected the impact of rs10680577 polymorphism on prostate cancer (PCa) risk. This case-control study was achieved on 170 pathologically confirmed PCa patients and 196 cancer free men to inspect whether rs10680577 variant is related to the risk and clinicopathological features of patients with PCa. Genotyping was performed by mismatched polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). The findings did not support an association between the variant with the risk and clinicopathological characteristics of PCa patients. When we pooled our results with six preceding studies, the findings suggested that rs10680577 variant significantly augmented the risk of overall cancer in heterozygous (OR=1.38, 95 % CI=1.26-1.52, p<0.00001, ins/del vs ins/ins), homozygous (OR=1.66, 95 % CI=1.05-2.61, p=0.029, del/del vs ins/ins), codominant (OR=1.44, 95%CI=1.32-1.58, p<0.00001, ins/del+del/del vs ins/ins), and allele (OR=1.32, 95%CI=1.18-1.49, p<0.00001, del vs ins) genetic models. Additional well designed studies with larger sample sizes are necessary to confirm our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahid Rahimi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Mahsa Azizi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Bahari
- Children and Adolescent Health Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Behzad Narouie
- Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Department of Urology, Shahid Labbafinejad Medical Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hashemi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.,Genetics of Non-communicable Disease Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
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Li T, Wu D, Liu Q, Wang D, Chen J, Zhao H, Zhang L, Xie C, Zhu W, Chen Z, Zhou Y, Datta S, Qiu F, Yang L, Lu J. Upregulation of long noncoding RNA RAB11B-AS1 promotes tumor metastasis and predicts poor prognosis in lung cancer. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:582. [PMID: 32566609 PMCID: PMC7290536 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2020.04.52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background Lung cancer (LC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality in China and worldwide. Despite the progress in diagnosis and treatment of LC, the prognosis of LC remains poor. Studies have demonstrated that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play a critical role in carcinogenesis and cancer development. Methods Here we examined the expression and potential function of lnc-RAB11B-AS1 in LC both in vitro and in vivo. All experiments in this study were conducted using A549 and PC-9 cell lines according to protocols described in this paper. The clinic characteristics were analyzed using logistic regression, cox model, log rank test, biochemical analysis using qRT-PCR, transfections, nude mice model, and cell biological analysis using Transwell assay, CCK-8 assay, flow cytometry, and rescue experiments, and immunohistochemistry. Results The results showed that lnc-RAB11B-AS1 was significantly overexpressed in LC tissues compared to the corresponding non-tumor tissues. Patients with a higher level of lnc-RAB11B-AS1 expression showed a poorer overall survival rate. Functionally, overexpression of lnc-RAB11B-AS1 promotes cell proliferation, migration and invasion abilities of LC cell lines, which suggests lnc-RAB11B-AS1 may play an oncogenic role in LC. lnc-RAB11B-AS1 was located in physical contiguity with RAB11B gene and found positively regulates the RAB11B expression, and the protein levels of RAB11B in LC tissues also found to positively correlated with the level of lnc-RAB11B-AS1 expression. RAB11B silencing partially abrogated lnc-RAB11B-AS1-induced proliferation of the LC cell lines used in this study. Conclusions This study provided a novel evidence into the function of lncRNA-driven carcinogenesis. Our findings highlighted the importance of lnc-RAB11B-AS1 and RAB11B in LC progression and indicated that lnc-RAB11B-AS1 may serve as a novel and valuable prognostic biomarker for LC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiegang Li
- The State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, The Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China.,Institute of Lung Disease, Guangzhou Chest Hospital, Guangzhou 510095, China
| | - Di Wu
- The State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, The Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China.,Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, China
| | - Qun Liu
- The State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, The Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China.,Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, China
| | - Dedong Wang
- The State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, The Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Jinbin Chen
- The State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, The Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Hongjun Zhao
- The State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, The Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Lan Zhang
- Department of Medical Genetics and Cell Biology, GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510440, China
| | - Chenli Xie
- Fifth People's Hospital of Dongguan, Dongguan 523900, China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, China
| | - Zhixu Chen
- Puning People's Hospital, Puning 515300, China
| | - Yifeng Zhou
- Department of Genetics, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Soham Datta
- The State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, The Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Fuman Qiu
- The State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, The Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Lei Yang
- The State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, The Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Jiachun Lu
- The State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, The Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
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25
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Fujino N, Brand OJ, Morgan DJ, Fujimori T, Grabiec AM, Jagger CP, Maciewicz RA, Yamada M, Itakura K, Sugiura H, Ichinose M, Hussell T. Sensing of apoptotic cells through Axl causes lung basal cell proliferation in inflammatory diseases. J Exp Med 2019; 216:2184-2201. [PMID: 31289116 PMCID: PMC6719415 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20171978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial cell proliferation, division, and differentiation are critical for barrier repair following inflammation, but the initial trigger for this process is unknown. Here we define that sensing of apoptotic cells by the TAM receptor tyrosine kinase Axl is a critical indicator for tracheal basal cell expansion, cell cycle reentry, and symmetrical cell division. Furthermore, once the pool of tracheal basal cells has expanded, silencing of Axl is required for their differentiation. Genetic depletion of Axl triggers asymmetrical cell division, leading to epithelial differentiation and ciliated cell regeneration. This discovery has implications for conditions associated with epithelial barrier dysfunction, basal cell hyperplasia, and continued turnover of dying cells in patients with chronic inflammatory pulmonary diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoya Fujino
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, the University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Oliver J Brand
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, the University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, the University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - David J Morgan
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, the University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, the University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Toshifumi Fujimori
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, the University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Aleksander M Grabiec
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, the University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Christopher P Jagger
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, the University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, the University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Rose A Maciewicz
- Respiratory, Inflammation, and Autoimmunity Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Institute of Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Mitsuhiro Yamada
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Koji Itakura
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hisatoshi Sugiura
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masakazu Ichinose
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tracy Hussell
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, the University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, the University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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26
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Wang G, Lou HH, Salit J, Leopold PL, Driscoll S, Schymeinsky J, Quast K, Visvanathan S, Fine JS, Thomas MJ, Crystal RG. Characterization of an immortalized human small airway basal stem/progenitor cell line with airway region-specific differentiation capacity. Respir Res 2019; 20:196. [PMID: 31443657 PMCID: PMC6708250 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-019-1140-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The pathology of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and most lung cancers involves the small airway epithelium (SAE), the single continuous layer of cells lining the airways ≥ 6th generations. The basal cells (BC) are the stem/progenitor cells of the SAE, responsible for the differentiation into intermediate cells and ciliated, club and mucous cells. To facilitate the study of the biology of the human SAE in health and disease, we immortalized and characterized a normal human SAE basal cell line. Methods Small airway basal cells were purified from brushed SAE of a healthy nonsmoker donor with a characteristic normal SAE transcriptome. The BC were immortalized by retrovirus-mediated telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) transduction and single cell drug selection. The resulting cell line (hSABCi-NS1.1) was characterized by RNAseq, TaqMan PCR, protein immunofluorescence, differentiation capacity on an air-liquid interface (ALI) culture, transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER), airway region-associated features and response to genetic modification with SPDEF. Results The hSABCi-NS1.1 single-clone-derived cell line continued to proliferate for > 200 doubling levels and > 70 passages, continuing to maintain basal cell features (TP63+, KRT5+). When cultured on ALI, hSABCi-NS1.1 cells consistently formed tight junctions and differentiated into ciliated, club (SCGB1A1+), mucous (MUC5AC+, MUC5B+), neuroendocrine (CHGA+), ionocyte (FOXI1+) and surfactant protein positive cells (SFTPA+, SFTPB+, SFTPD+), observations confirmed by RNAseq and TaqMan PCR. Annotation enrichment analysis showed that “cilium” and “immunity” were enriched in functions of the top-1500 up-regulated genes. RNAseq reads alignment corroborated expression of CD4, CD74 and MHC-II. Compared to the large airway cell line BCi-NS1.1, differentiated of hSABCi-NS1.1 cells on ALI were enriched with small airway epithelial genes, including surfactant protein genes, LTF and small airway development relevant transcription factors NKX2–1, GATA6, SOX9, HOPX, ID2 and ETV5. Lentivirus-mediated expression of SPDEF in hSABCi-NS1.1 cells induced secretory cell metaplasia, accompanied with characteristic COPD-associated SAE secretory cell changes, including up-regulation of MSMB, CEACAM5 and down-regulation of LTF. Conclusions The immortalized hSABCi-NS1.1 cell line has diverse differentiation capacities and retains SAE features, which will be useful for understanding the biology of SAE, the pathogenesis of SAE-related diseases, and testing new pharmacologic agents. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12931-019-1140-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqing Wang
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, Box 164, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Howard H Lou
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, Box 164, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Jacqueline Salit
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, Box 164, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Philip L Leopold
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, Box 164, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Sharon Driscoll
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, Box 164, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | | | - Karsten Quast
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | | | - Jay S Fine
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Ridgefield, CT, USA
| | - Matthew J Thomas
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Ronald G Crystal
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, Box 164, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
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27
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To See or Not to See: A Systematic Review of the Importance of Human Ocular Surface Cytokine Biosignatures in Ocular Allergy. Cells 2019; 8:cells8060620. [PMID: 31226821 PMCID: PMC6627738 DOI: 10.3390/cells8060620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokines are key cell signalling proteins in a number of immune and homeostatic pathways of the human body. In particular, they mediate intracellular mechanisms of allergy on the ocular surface by triggering cellular responses that result in typical physiological ocular allergy symptoms, such as itchiness, watery eyes, irritation, and swelling. Given the recent research focus in optometry on the aetiology of corneal ectasia subtypes like keratoconus, there is an increasing need for the development of new clinical diagnostic methods. An increasing trend is evident among recent publications in cytokine studies, whereby the concentrations of cytokines in healthy and disease states are compared to derive a specific cytokine profile for that disease referred to as ‘biosignatures’. Biosignatures have diagnostic applications in ocular allergy as a cheap, non-invasive alternative to current techniques like IgE antibody testing and skin prick tests. Cytokine detection from tear samples collected via microcapillary flow can be analysed either by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA), multiplex magnetic bead assays, or immunoblot assays. Characterising patient hypersensitivities through diagnostic tests is the first step to managing exposure to triggers. Investigating cytokine biosignatures in ocular allergy and their links to physiology are imperative and will be the focus of this systematic review article.
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28
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Zuo WL, Yang J, Strulovici-Barel Y, Salit J, Rostami M, Mezey JG, O'Beirne SL, Kaner RJ, Crystal RG. Exaggerated BMP4 signalling alters human airway basal progenitor cell differentiation to cigarette smoking-related phenotypes. Eur Respir J 2019; 53:13993003.02553-2017. [PMID: 30705127 PMCID: PMC8048147 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.02553-2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Airway remodelling in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) originates, in part, from smoking-induced changes in airway basal stem/progenitor cells (BCs). Based on the knowledge that bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) influences epithelial progenitor function in the developing and adult mouse lung, we hypothesised that BMP4 signalling may regulate the biology of adult human airway BCs relevant to COPD.BMP4 signalling components in human airway epithelium were analysed at the mRNA and protein levels, and the differentiation of BCs was assessed using the BC expansion and air-liquid interface models in the absence/presence of BMP4, BMP receptor inhibitor and/or small interfering RNAs against BMP receptors and downstream signalling.The data demonstrate that in cigarette smokers, BMP4 is upregulated in ciliated and intermediate undifferentiated cells, and expression of the BMP4 receptor BMPR1A is enriched in BCs. BMP4 induced BCs to acquire a smoking-related abnormal phenotype in vitro mediated by BMPR1A/Smad signalling, characterised by decreased capacity to differentiate into normal mucociliary epithelium, while generating squamous metaplasia.Exaggerated BMP4 signalling promotes cigarette smoking-relevant airway epithelial remodelling by inducing abnormal phenotypes in human airway BCs. Targeting of BMP4 signalling in airway BCs may represent a novel target to prevent/treat COPD-associated airway disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu-Lin Zuo
- Dept of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jing Yang
- Dept of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Jacqueline Salit
- Dept of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mahboubeh Rostami
- Dept of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jason G Mezey
- Dept of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sarah L O'Beirne
- Dept of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Robert J Kaner
- Dept of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ronald G Crystal
- Dept of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
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29
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Leach SM, Finigan J, Vasu VT, Mishra R, Ghosh M, Foster D, Mason R, Kosmider B, Farias Hesson E, Kern JA. The Kinome of Human Alveolar Type II and Basal Cells, and Its Reprogramming in Lung Cancer. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2019; 61:481-491. [PMID: 30917006 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2018-0283oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of mutant tyrosine kinases as oncogenic drivers of lung adenocarcinomas has changed the basic understanding of lung cancer development and therapy. Yet, expressed kinases (kinome) in lung cancer progenitor cells, as well as whether kinase expression and the overall kinome changes or is reprogrammed upon transformation, is incompletely understood. We hypothesized that the kinome differs between lung cancer progenitor cells, alveolar type II cells (ATII), and basal cells (BC) and that their respective kinomes undergo distinct lineage-specific reprogramming to adenocarcinomas and squamous cell carcinomas upon transformation. We performed RNA sequencing on freshly isolated human ATII, BC, and lung cancer cell lines to define the kinome in nontransformed cells and transformed cells. Our studies identified a unique kinome for ATII and BC and changes in their kinome upon transformation to their respective carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia M Leach
- Department of Biomedical Research.,Center for Genes, Environment and Health, and
| | - Jay Finigan
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - Vihas T Vasu
- Department of Zoology, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, India; and
| | - Rangnath Mishra
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - Moumita Ghosh
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - Daniel Foster
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - Robert Mason
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - Beata Kosmider
- Department of Physiology.,Department of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, and.,Center for Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Jeffrey A Kern
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
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30
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Coppolino I, Ruggeri P, Nucera F, Cannavò MF, Adcock I, Girbino G, Caramori G. Role of Stem Cells in the Pathogenesis of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Pulmonary Emphysema. COPD 2018; 15:536-556. [DOI: 10.1080/15412555.2018.1536116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Irene Coppolino
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Unità Operativa Complessa di Pneumologia, Odontoiatriche e delle Immagini Morfologiche e Funzionali (BIOMORF), Università degli Studi di Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Paolo Ruggeri
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Unità Operativa Complessa di Pneumologia, Odontoiatriche e delle Immagini Morfologiche e Funzionali (BIOMORF), Università degli Studi di Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Francesco Nucera
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Unità Operativa Complessa di Pneumologia, Odontoiatriche e delle Immagini Morfologiche e Funzionali (BIOMORF), Università degli Studi di Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Mario Francesco Cannavò
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Unità Operativa Complessa di Pneumologia, Odontoiatriche e delle Immagini Morfologiche e Funzionali (BIOMORF), Università degli Studi di Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Ian Adcock
- Airways Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Royal Brompton Hospital Biomedical Research Unit, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Giuseppe Girbino
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Unità Operativa Complessa di Pneumologia, Odontoiatriche e delle Immagini Morfologiche e Funzionali (BIOMORF), Università degli Studi di Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Gaetano Caramori
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Unità Operativa Complessa di Pneumologia, Odontoiatriche e delle Immagini Morfologiche e Funzionali (BIOMORF), Università degli Studi di Messina, Messina, Italy
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31
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Hashemi M, Tabasi F, Ansari H. 4-bp insertion/deletion polymorphism within the promoter of EGLN2 gene is associated with susceptibility to cancer in Asian population: Evidence from a meta-analysis. Meta Gene 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2018.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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32
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Hashemi M, Danesh H, Bizhani F, Sattarifard H, Hashemi SM, Bahari G. Detection of a 4-bp Insertion/deletion Polymorphism within the Promoter of EGLN2 Using Mismatch PCR-RFLP and Its Association with Susceptibility to Breast Cancer. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2018; 19:923-926. [PMID: 29693343 PMCID: PMC6031807 DOI: 10.22034/apjcp.2018.19.4.923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been shown that a 4-bp insertion/deletion (ins/del) polymorphism of EGLN2 influences the risk of several cancers. However, to date, no study has inspected the impact of the 4-bp ins/del polymorphism on breast cancer (BC) risk. A case-control study, including 134 breast cancer patients and 154 healthy women, was here conducted to examine the possible association between EGLN2 4-bp ins/del polymorphism and BC risk in a southeast Iranian population. A mismatched polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) was designed for genotyping of the variant. Our findings did not support any association between the 4-bp ins/del polymorphism and the risk of BC in the codominant, dominant, recessive and allele inheritance models tested. When links between the EGLN2 4-bp ins/del polymorphism and clinicopathological characteristics of the patients were evaluate the variant was only associated with HER2 status. More studies with larger sample sizes and diverse ethnicities are warranted to verify our finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hashemi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.
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33
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Kopa PN, Pawliczak R. Effect of smoking on gene expression profile – overall mechanism, impact on respiratory system function, and reference to electronic cigarettes. Toxicol Mech Methods 2018; 28:397-409. [DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2018.1461289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Natalia Kopa
- Department of Immunopathology, Division of Allergology, Immunology and Dermatology, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Postgraduate Training, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Rafał Pawliczak
- Department of Immunopathology, Division of Allergology, Immunology and Dermatology, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Postgraduate Training, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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34
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Franceschi C, Garagnani P, Morsiani C, Conte M, Santoro A, Grignolio A, Monti D, Capri M, Salvioli S. The Continuum of Aging and Age-Related Diseases: Common Mechanisms but Different Rates. Front Med (Lausanne) 2018; 5:61. [PMID: 29662881 PMCID: PMC5890129 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2018.00061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 447] [Impact Index Per Article: 74.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Geroscience, the new interdisciplinary field that aims to understand the relationship between aging and chronic age-related diseases (ARDs) and geriatric syndromes (GSs), is based on epidemiological evidence and experimental data that aging is the major risk factor for such pathologies and assumes that aging and ARDs/GSs share a common set of basic biological mechanisms. A consequence is that the primary target of medicine is to combat aging instead of any single ARD/GSs one by one, as favored by the fragmentation into hundreds of specialties and sub-specialties. If the same molecular and cellular mechanisms underpin both aging and ARDs/GSs, a major question emerges: which is the difference, if any, between aging and ARDs/GSs? The hypothesis that ARDs and GSs such as frailty can be conceptualized as accelerated aging will be discussed by analyzing in particular frailty, sarcopenia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cancer, neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer and Parkinson as well as Down syndrome as an example of progeroid syndrome. According to this integrated view, aging and ARDs/GSs become part of a continuum where precise boundaries do not exist and the two extremes are represented by centenarians, who largely avoided or postponed most ARDs/GSs and are characterized by decelerated aging, and patients who suffered one or more severe ARDs in their 60s, 70s, and 80s and show signs of accelerated aging, respectively. In between these two extremes, there is a continuum of intermediate trajectories representing a sort of gray area. Thus, clinically different, classical ARDs/GSs are, indeed, the result of peculiar combinations of alterations regarding the same, limited set of basic mechanisms shared with the aging process. Whether an individual will follow a trajectory of accelerated or decelerated aging will depend on his/her genetic background interacting lifelong with environmental and lifestyle factors. If ARDs and GSs are manifestations of accelerated aging, it is urgent to identify markers capable of distinguishing between biological and chronological age to identify subjects at higher risk of developing ARDs and GSs. To this aim, we propose the use of DNA methylation, N-glycans profiling, and gut microbiota composition to complement the available disease-specific markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Franceschi
- Institute of Neurological Sciences, University of Bologna, Bellaria Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Paolo Garagnani
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Clinical Chemistry, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet at Huddinge University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Applied Biomedical Research Center (CRBA), S. Orsola-Malpighi Polyclinic, Bologna, Italy.,CNR Institute of Molecular Genetics, Unit of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Cristina Morsiani
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Conte
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Aurelia Santoro
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Interdepartmental Center "L. Galvani" (CIG), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Grignolio
- Unit and Museum of History of Medicine, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Monti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Miriam Capri
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Interdepartmental Center "L. Galvani" (CIG), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Salvioli
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Interdepartmental Center "L. Galvani" (CIG), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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35
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Chung NPY, Ou X, Khan KMF, Salit J, Kaner RJ, Crystal RG. HIV Reprograms Human Airway Basal Stem/Progenitor Cells to Acquire a Tissue-Destructive Phenotype. Cell Rep 2018; 19:1091-1100. [PMID: 28494859 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Revised: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
While highly active anti-retroviral therapy has dramatically improved the survival of HIV-infected individuals, there is an increased risk for other co-morbidities, such as COPD, manifesting as emphysema. Given that emphysema originates around the airways and that human airway basal cells (BCs) are adult airway stem/progenitor cells, we hypothesized that HIV reprograms BCs to a distinct phenotype that contributes to the development of emphysema. Our data indicate that HIV binds to but does not replicate in BCs. HIV binding to BCs induces them to acquire an invasive phenotype, mediated by upregulation of MMP-9 expression through activation of MAPK signaling pathways. This HIV-induced "destructive" phenotype may contribute to degradation of extracellular matrix and tissue damage relevant to the development of emphysema commonly seen in HIV+ individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy P Y Chung
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Xuemei Ou
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - K M Faisal Khan
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Jacqueline Salit
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Robert J Kaner
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Ronald G Crystal
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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36
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Zhang H, Yang J, Walters MS, Staudt MR, Strulovici-Barel Y, Salit J, Mezey JG, Leopold PL, Crystal RG. Mandatory role of HMGA1 in human airway epithelial normal differentiation and post-injury regeneration. Oncotarget 2018; 9:14324-14337. [PMID: 29581847 PMCID: PMC5865673 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to high levels of expression in aggressive tumors, high mobility group AT-hook 1 (HMGA1) has recently attracted attention as a potential anti-tumor target. However, HMGA1 is also expressed in normal somatic progenitor cells, raising the question: how might systemic anti-HMGA1 therapies affect the structure and function of normal tissue differentiation? In the present study, RNA sequencing data demonstrated HMGA1 is highly expressed in human airway basal stem/progenitor cells (BC), but decreases with BC differentiation in air-liquid interface cultures (ALI). BC collected from nonsmokers, healthy smokers, and smokers with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) displayed a range of HMGA1 expression levels. Low initial expression levels of HMGA1 in BC were associated with decreased ability to maintain a differentiated ALI epithelium. HMGA1 down-regulation in BC diminished BC proliferation, suppressed gene expression related to normal proliferation and differentiation, decreased airway epithelial resistance, suppressed junctional and cell polarity gene expression, and delayed wound closure of airway epithelium following injury. Furthermore, silencing of HMGA1 in airway BC in ALI increased the expression of genes associated with airway remodeling in COPD including squamous, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and inflammatory genes. Together, the data suggests HMGA1 plays a central role in normal airway differentiation, and thus caution should be used to monitor airway epithelial structure and function in the context of systemic HMGA1-targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijun Zhang
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Matthew S Walters
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michelle R Staudt
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Jacqueline Salit
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jason G Mezey
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Biological Statistics and Computational Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Philip L Leopold
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ronald G Crystal
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
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Nedeljkovic I, Lahousse L, Carnero-Montoro E, Faiz A, Vonk JM, de Jong K, van der Plaat DA, van Diemen CC, van den Berge M, Obeidat M, Bossé Y, Nickle DC, Consortium BIOS, Uitterlinden AG, van Meurs JBJ, Stricker BHC, Brusselle GG, Postma DS, Boezen HM, van Duijn CM, Amin N. COPD GWAS variant at 19q13.2 in relation with DNA methylation and gene expression. Hum Mol Genet 2018; 27:396-405. [PMID: 29092026 PMCID: PMC5886099 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddx390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is among the major health burdens in adults. While cigarette smoking is the leading risk factor, a growing number of genetic variations have been discovered to influence disease susceptibility. Epigenetic modifications may mediate the response of the genome to smoking and regulate gene expression. Chromosome 19q13.2 region is associated with both smoking and COPD, yet its functional role is unclear. Our study aimed to determine whether rs7937 (RAB4B, EGLN2), a top genetic variant in 19q13.2 region identified in genome-wide association studies of COPD, is associated with differential DNA methylation in blood (N = 1490) and gene expression in blood (N = 721) and lungs (N = 1087). We combined genetic and epigenetic data from the Rotterdam Study (RS) to perform the epigenome-wide association analysis of rs7937. Further, we used genetic and transcriptomic data from blood (RS) and from lung tissue (Lung expression quantitative trait loci mapping study), to perform the transcriptome-wide association study of rs7937. Rs7937 was significantly (FDR < 0.05) and consistently associated with differential DNA methylation in blood at 4 CpG sites in cis, independent of smoking. One methylation site (cg11298343-EGLN2) was also associated with COPD (P = 0.001). Additionally, rs7937 was associated with gene expression levels in blood in cis (EGLN2), 42% mediated through cg11298343, and in lung tissue, in cis and trans (NUMBL, EGLN2, DNMT3A, LOC101929709 and PAK2). Our results suggest that changes of DNA methylation and gene expression may be intermediate steps between genetic variants and COPD, but further causal studies in lung tissue should confirm this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Nedeljkovic
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lies Lahousse
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Bioanalysis, Pharmaceutical Care Unit, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Elena Carnero-Montoro
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- GENYO Center for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Region Government, Granada, Spain
| | - Alen Faiz
- University of Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Judith M Vonk
- University of Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Kim de Jong
- University of Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Diana A van der Plaat
- University of Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Cleo C van Diemen
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten van den Berge
- University of Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Pulmonology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ma’en Obeidat
- Center for Heart Lung Innovation, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Yohan Bossé
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - David C Nickle
- Merck Research Laboratories, Genetics and Pharmacogenomics (GpGx), Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Andre G Uitterlinden
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joyce B J van Meurs
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bruno H C Stricker
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Guy G Brusselle
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dirkje S Postma
- University of Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Pulmonology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - H Marike Boezen
- University of Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Najaf Amin
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Abstract
Chronic lung diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), represent a significant and increasing health burden. Current therapies are largely symptomatic, and novel therapeutic approaches are needed. Aging has emerged as a contributing factor for the development of both IPF and COPD because their prevalence increases with age, and several pathological features of these diseases resemble classical hallmarks of aging. Aging is thought to be driven in part by aberrant activity of developmental signaling pathways that thus might drive pathological changes, a process termed antagonistic pleiotropy or developmental drift. The developmental WNT pathway is fundamental for lung development, and altered WNT activity has been reported to contribute to the pathogenesis of CLD, in particular to COPD and IPF. Although to date only limited data on WNT signaling during lung aging exist, WNT signal regulation during aging and its effects on age-related pathologies in other organs have recently been investigated. In this review, we discuss evidence of dysregulated WNT signaling in CLD in the context of WNT signal alteration in organ aging and its potential impact on age-related cellular mechanisms, such as senescence or stem cell exhaustion.
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Zhang J, Peng S, Cheng H, Nomura Y, Di Narzo AF, Hao K. Genetic Pleiotropy between Nicotine Dependence and Respiratory Outcomes. Sci Rep 2017; 7:16907. [PMID: 29203782 PMCID: PMC5715160 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16964-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Smoking is a major cause of respiratory conditions. To date, the genetic pleiotropy between smoking behavior and lung function/chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have not been systematically explored. We leverage large data sets of smoking behavior, lung function and COPD, and addressed two questions, (1) whether the genetic predisposition of nicotine dependence influence COPD risk and lung function; and (2) the genetic pleiotropy follow causal or independent model. We found the genetic predisposition of nicotine dependence was associated with COPD risk, even after adjusting for smoking behavior, indicating genetic pleiotropy and independent model. Two known nicotine dependent loci (15q25.1 and 19q13.2) were associated with smoking adjusted lung function, and 15q25.1 reached genome-wide significance. At various suggestive p-value thresholds, the smoking adjusted lung function traits share association signals with cigarettes per day and former smoking, substantially greater than random chance. Empirical data showed the genetic pleiotropy between nicotine dependence and COPD or lung function. The basis of pleiotropic effect is rather complex, attributable to a large number of genetic variants, and many variants functions through independent model, where the pleiotropic variants directly affect lung function, not mediated by influencing subjects' smoking behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jushan Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China.,School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Shouneng Peng
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.,Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Haoxiang Cheng
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.,Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Yoko Nomura
- Department of Psychology, Queens College & Graduate Center, the City University of New York, New York, NY 10016, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Antonio Fabio Di Narzo
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
| | - Ke Hao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China. .,Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA. .,Icahn Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
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40
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β-catenin, Twist and Snail: Transcriptional regulation of EMT in smokers and COPD, and relation to airflow obstruction. Sci Rep 2017; 7:10832. [PMID: 28883453 PMCID: PMC5589881 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11375-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
COPD is characterised by poorly reversible airflow obstruction usually due to cigarette smoking. The transcription factor clusters of β-catenin/Snail1/Twist has been implicated in the process of epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT), an intermediate between smoking and airway fibrosis, and indeed lung cancer. We have investigated expression of these transcription factors and their "cellular localization" in bronchoscopic airway biopsies from patients with COPD, and in smoking and non-smoking controls. An immune-histochemical study compared cellular protein expression of β-catenin, Snail1 and Twist, in these subject groups in 3 large airways compartment: epithelium (basal region), reticular basement membrane (Rbm) and underlying lamina propria (LP). β-catenin and Snail1 expression was generally high in all subjects throughout the airway wall with marked cytoplasmic to nuclear shift in COPD (P < 0.01). Twist expression was generalised in the epithelium in normal but become more basal and nuclear with smoking (P < 0.05). In addition, β-catenin and Snail1 expression, and to lesser extent of Twist, was related to airflow obstruction and to expression of a canonical EMT biomarker (S100A4). The β-catenin-Snail1-Twist transcription factor cluster is up-regulated and nuclear translocated in smokers and COPD, and their expression is closely related to both EMT activity and airway obstruction.
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41
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Strulovici-Barel Y, Shaykhiev R, Salit J, Deeb RS, Krause A, Kaner RJ, Vincent TL, Agosto-Perez F, Wang G, Hollmann C, Shanmugam V, Almulla AM, Sattar H, Mahmoud M, Mezey JG, Gross SS, Staudt MR, Walters MS, Crystal RG. Pulmonary Abnormalities in Young, Light-Use Waterpipe (Hookah) Smokers. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2017; 194:587-95. [PMID: 27007171 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201512-2470oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Waterpipes, also called hookahs, are currently used by millions of people worldwide. Despite the increasing use of waterpipe smoking, there is limited data on the health effects of waterpipe smoking and there are no federal regulations regarding its use. OBJECTIVES To assess the effects of waterpipe smoking on the human lung using clinical and biological parameters in young, light-use waterpipe smokers. METHODS We assessed young, light-use, waterpipe-only smokers in comparison with lifelong nonsmokers using clinical parameters of cough and sputum scores, lung function, and chest high-resolution computed tomography as well as biological parameters of lung epithelial lining fluid metabolome, small airway epithelial (SAE) cell differential and transcriptome, alveolar macrophage transcriptome, and plasma apoptotic endothelial cell microparticles. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Compared with nonsmokers, waterpipe smokers had more cough and sputum as well as a lower lung diffusing capacity, abnormal epithelial lining fluid metabolome profile, increased proportions of SAE secretory and intermediate cells, reduced proportions of SAE ciliated and basal cells, markedly abnormal SAE and alveolar macrophage transcriptomes, and elevated levels of apoptotic endothelial cell microparticles. CONCLUSIONS Young, light-use, waterpipe-only smokers have a variety of abnormalities in multiple lung-related biological and clinical parameters, suggesting that even limited waterpipe use has broad consequences on human lung biology and health. We suggest that large epidemiological studies should be initiated to investigate the harmful effects of waterpipe smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Robert J Kaner
- 1 Department of Genetic Medicine.,2 Department of Medicine, and
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Hisham Sattar
- 4 Pulmonary Section, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mai Mahmoud
- 3 Weill Cornell Medical College-Qatar, Doha, Qatar; and
| | | | - Steven S Gross
- 5 Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
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42
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Wang G, Zhou H, Strulovici-Barel Y, Al-Hijji M, Ou X, Salit J, Walters MS, Staudt MR, Kaner RJ, Crystal RG. Role of OSGIN1 in mediating smoking-induced autophagy in the human airway epithelium. Autophagy 2017; 13:1205-1220. [PMID: 28548877 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2017.1301327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Enhanced macroautophagy/autophagy is recognized as a component of the pathogenesis of smoking-induced airway disease. Based on the knowledge that enhanced autophagy is linked to oxidative stress and the DNA damage response, both of which are linked to smoking, we used microarray analysis of the airway epithelium to identify smoking upregulated genes known to respond to oxidative stress and the DNA damage response. This analysis identified OSGIN1 (oxidative stress induced growth inhibitor 1) as significantly upregulated by smoking, in both the large and small airway epithelium, an observation confirmed by an independent small airway microarray cohort, TaqMan PCR of large and small airway samples and RNA-Seq of small airway samples. High and low OSGIN1 expressors have different autophagy gene expression patterns in vivo. Genome-wide correlation of RNAseq analysis of airway basal/progenitor cells showed a direct correlation of OSGIN1 mRNA levels to multiple classic autophagy genes. In vitro cigarette smoke extract exposure of primary airway basal/progenitor cells was accompanied by a dose-dependent upregulation of OSGIN1 and autophagy induction. Lentivirus-mediated expression of OSGIN1 in human primary basal/progenitor cells induced puncta-like staining of MAP1LC3B and upregulation of MAP1LC3B mRNA and protein and SQSTM1 mRNA expression level in a dose and time-dependent manner. OSGIN1-induction of autophagosome, amphisome and autolysosome formation was confirmed by colocalization of MAP1LC3B with SQSTM1 or CD63 (endosome marker) and LAMP1 (lysosome marker). Both OSGIN1 overexpression and knockdown enhanced the smoking-evoked autophagic response. Together, these observations support the concept that smoking-induced upregulation of OSGIN1 is one link between smoking-induced stress and enhanced-autophagy in the human airway epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqing Wang
- a Department of Genetic Medicine , Weill Cornell Medical College , New York , NY , USA
| | - Haixia Zhou
- a Department of Genetic Medicine , Weill Cornell Medical College , New York , NY , USA.,b Department of Respiratory Medicine , West China Hospital Sichuan University , Sichuan , China
| | - Yael Strulovici-Barel
- a Department of Genetic Medicine , Weill Cornell Medical College , New York , NY , USA
| | - Mohammed Al-Hijji
- a Department of Genetic Medicine , Weill Cornell Medical College , New York , NY , USA.,c Weill Cornell Medical College-Qatar , Doha , Qatar
| | - Xuemei Ou
- a Department of Genetic Medicine , Weill Cornell Medical College , New York , NY , USA.,b Department of Respiratory Medicine , West China Hospital Sichuan University , Sichuan , China
| | - Jacqueline Salit
- a Department of Genetic Medicine , Weill Cornell Medical College , New York , NY , USA
| | - Matthew S Walters
- a Department of Genetic Medicine , Weill Cornell Medical College , New York , NY , USA
| | - Michelle R Staudt
- a Department of Genetic Medicine , Weill Cornell Medical College , New York , NY , USA
| | - Robert J Kaner
- a Department of Genetic Medicine , Weill Cornell Medical College , New York , NY , USA.,d Department of Medicine , Weill Cornell Medical College , New York , NY , USA
| | - Ronald G Crystal
- a Department of Genetic Medicine , Weill Cornell Medical College , New York , NY , USA
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43
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Is Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease an Accelerated Aging Disease? Ann Am Thorac Soc 2016; 13 Suppl 5:S429-S437. [DOI: 10.1513/annalsats.201602-124aw] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
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44
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Liu Q, Li H, Wang Q, Zhang Y, Wang W, Dou S, Xiao W. Increased expression of TROP2 in airway basal cells potentially contributes to airway remodeling in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Respir Res 2016; 17:159. [PMID: 27887617 PMCID: PMC5124273 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-016-0463-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The airway epithelium of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients undergoes aberrant repair and remodeling after repetitive injury following exposure to environmental factors. Abnormal airway regeneration observed in COPD is thought to originate in the stem/progenitor cells of the airway epithelium, the basal cells (BCs). However, the molecular mechanisms underlying these changes remain unknown. Here, trophoblast cell surface antigen 2 (TROP2), a protein implicated in the regulation of stem cell activity, was examined in lung tissue samples from COPD patients. Methods The expression of TROP2 and hyperplasia index Ki67 was assessed in lung epithelium specimens from non-smokers (n = 24), smokers (n = 24) and smokers with COPD (n = 24). Primary airway BCs were isolated by bronchoscopy from healthy individuals and COPD patients and subsequently transfected with pcDNA3.1-TROP2 or siRNA sequence in vitro. The functional consequences of TROP2 overexpression in BCs were explored. Results Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence revealed increased TROP2 expression in airway BCs in smokers with COPD compared to nonsmokers and smokers without COPD, and staining was highly localized to hyperplastic regions containing Ki67 positive cells. TROP2 expression was also inversely correlated with airflow limitation in patients with COPD (r = −0.53, P < 0.01). pcDNA3.1-TROP2-BCs in vitro exhibited improved proliferation with activation of ERK1/2 phosphorylation signaling pathway. In parallel, changes in vimentin and E-cadherin in pcDNA3.1-TROP2-BCs were consistent with an epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-like change, and secretion of inflammatory factors IL-1β, IL-8 and IL-6 was increased. Moreover, down-regulation of TROP2 by siRNA significantly attenuated the proliferation of BCs derived from COPD patients. EMT-like features and cytokine levels of COPD basal cells were also weakened following the down-regulation of TROP2. Conclusion The results indicate that TROP2 may play a crucial role in COPD by affecting BC function and thus airway remodeling through increased BC hyperplasia, EMT-like change, and introduction of inflammatory molecules into the microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qixiao Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 107 Wenhua West Road, Jinan, China
| | - Haijun Li
- Department of Cadre Health Care, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 107 Wenhua West Road, Jinan, China
| | - Qin Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 107 Wenhua West Road, Jinan, China
| | - Yuke Zhang
- Department of Cadre Health Care, Qianfoshan Hospital, 16766 Jingshi Road, Jinan, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 107 Wenhua West Road, Jinan, China
| | - Shuang Dou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 107 Wenhua West Road, Jinan, China
| | - Wei Xiao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 107 Wenhua West Road, Jinan, China.
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45
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Wang X, Zhang Y, Nilsson CL, Berven FS, Andrén PE, Carlsohn E, Horvatovich P, Malm J, Fuentes M, Végvári Á, Welinder C, Fehniger TE, Rezeli M, Edula G, Hober S, Nishimura T, Marko-Varga G. Association of chromosome 19 to lung cancer genotypes and phenotypes. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2016; 34:217-26. [PMID: 25982285 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-015-9556-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The Chromosome 19 Consortium, a part of the Chromosome-Centric Human Proteome Project (C-HPP, http://www.C-HPP.org ), is tasked with the understanding chromosome 19 functions at the gene and protein levels, as well as their roles in lung oncogenesis. Comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) studies revealed chromosome aberration in lung cancer subtypes, including ADC, SCC, LCC, and SCLC. The most common abnormality is 19p loss and 19q gain. Sixty-four aberrant genes identified in previous genomic studies and their encoded protein functions were further validated in the neXtProt database ( http://www.nextprot.org/ ). Among those, the loss of tumor suppressor genes STK11, MUM1, KISS1R (19p13.3), and BRG1 (19p13.13) is associated with lung oncogenesis or remote metastasis. Gene aberrations include translocation t(15, 19) (q13, p13.1) fusion oncogene BRD4-NUT, DNA repair genes (ERCC1, ERCC2, XRCC1), TGFβ1 pathway activation genes (TGFB1, LTBP4), Dyrk1B, and potential oncogenesis protector genes such as NFkB pathway inhibition genes (NFKBIB, PPP1R13L) and EGLN2. In conclusion, neXtProt is an effective resource for the validation of gene aberrations identified in genomic studies. It promises to enhance our understanding of lung cancer oncogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangdong Wang
- Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Clinical Bioinformatics, Fudan University, Shanghai, China,
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46
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Mahmood MQ, Reid D, Ward C, Muller HK, Knight DA, Sohal SS, Walters EH. Transforming growth factor (TGF) β 1 and Smad signalling pathways: A likely key to EMT-associated COPD pathogenesis. Respirology 2016; 22:133-140. [PMID: 27614607 DOI: 10.1111/resp.12882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Revised: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE COPD is characterized by poorly reversible airflow obstruction usually due to cigarette smoking. Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 has been implicated in the pathogenesis of COPD, and in particular a process called epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT), which may well be an intermediatory between smoking and both airway fibrosis and lung cancer. The downstream classical or 'canonical' TGF-β1 pathway is via the phosphorylated (p) Smad transcription factor system. METHODS We have investigated TGF-β1 expression and its 'pSmad fingerprint' in bronchoscopic airway biopsies from patients with COPD, and in smoking and non-smoking controls. A cross-sectional immunohistochemical study compared TGF-β1 and pSmad 2, 3 (excitatory) and 7 (inhibitory) expression in cells and blood vessels of three compartments of large airways: epithelium (especially the basal region), reticular basement membrane (Rbm) and underlying lamina propria (LP). RESULTS TGF-β1 expression was generally higher in COPD subjects throughout the airway wall (P < 0.01), while pSmad 2/3 expression was associated with smoking especially in current smoking COPD (P < 0.05). Expression of inhibitory pSmad 7 was also prominently reduced in patients with COPD in contrast to smokers and controls (P < 0.01). In addition, pSmad, but not TGF-β1 expression, was related to airflow obstruction and a canonical EMT biomarker (S100 A4) expression. CONCLUSION Activation of the Smad pathway in the airways is linked to EMT activity and loss of lung function. The disconnection between TGF-β1 and pSmad in terms of relationships to EMT activity and lung function suggests that factors other than or in addition to TGF-β1 are driving the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malik Q Mahmood
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence for Chronic Respiratory Disease, School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - David Reid
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Iron Metabolism Laboratory, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Chris Ward
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Hans K Muller
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence for Chronic Respiratory Disease, School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Darryl A Knight
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sukhwinder S Sohal
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence for Chronic Respiratory Disease, School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia.,Faculty of Health, School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Eugene H Walters
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence for Chronic Respiratory Disease, School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
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Wu Q, Jiang D, Matsuda JL, Ternyak K, Zhang B, Chu HW. Cigarette Smoke Induces Human Airway Epithelial Senescence via Growth Differentiation Factor 15 Production. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2016; 55:429-38. [DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2015-0143oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
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Deeb RS, Walters MS, Strulovici-Barel Y, Chen Q, Gross SS, Crystal RG. Smoking-Associated Disordering of the Airway Basal Stem/Progenitor Cell Metabotype. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2016; 54:231-40. [PMID: 26161876 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2015-0055oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The airway epithelium is a complex pseudostratified multicellular layer lining the tracheobronchial tree, functioning as the primary defense against inhaled environmental contaminants. The major cell types of the airway epithelium include basal, intermediate columnar, ciliated, and secretory. Basal cells (BCs) are the proliferating stem/progenitor population that differentiate into the other specialized cell types of the airway epithelium during normal turnover and repair. Given that cigarette smoke delivers thousands of xenobiotics and high levels of reactive molecules to the lung epithelial surface, we hypothesized that cigarette smoke broadly perturbs BC metabolism. To test this hypothesis, primary airway BCs were isolated from healthy nonsmokers (n = 11) and healthy smokers (n = 7) and assessed by global metabolic profiling by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The analysis identified 52 significant metabolites in BCs differentially expressed between smokers and nonsmokers (P < 0.05). These changes included metabolites associated with redox pathways, energy production, and inflammatory processes. Notably, BCs from smokers exhibited altered levels of the key enzyme cofactors/substrates nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, flavin adenine dinucleotide, acetyl coenzyme A, and membrane phospholipid levels. Consistent with the high burden of oxidants in cigarette smoke, glutathione levels were diminished, whereas 3-nitrotyrosine levels were increased, suggesting that protection of airway epithelial cells against oxidative and nitrosative stress is significantly compromised in smoker BCs. It is likely that this altered metabotype is a reflection of, and likely contributes to, the disordered biology of airway BCs consequent to the stress cigarette smoking puts on the airway epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Qiuying Chen
- 2 Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Steven S Gross
- 2 Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
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Zhou H, Brekman A, Zuo WL, Ou X, Shaykhiev R, Agosto-Perez FJ, Wang R, Walters MS, Salit J, Strulovici-Barel Y, Staudt MR, Kaner RJ, Mezey JG, Crystal RG, Wang G. POU2AF1 Functions in the Human Airway Epithelium To Regulate Expression of Host Defense Genes. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 196:3159-67. [PMID: 26927796 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1502400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
In the process of seeking novel lung host defense regulators by analyzing genome-wide RNA sequence data from normal human airway epithelium, we detected expression of POU domain class 2-associating factor 1 (POU2AF1), a known transcription cofactor previously thought to be expressed only in lymphocytes. Lymphocyte contamination of human airway epithelial samples obtained by bronchoscopy and brushing was excluded by immunohistochemistry staining, the observation of upregulation of POU2AF1 in purified airway basal stem/progenitor cells undergoing differentiation, and analysis of differentiating single basal cell clones. Lentivirus-mediated upregulation of POU2AF1 in airway basal cells induced upregulation of host defense genes, including MX1, IFIT3, IFITM, and known POU2AF1 downstream genes HLA-DRA, ID2, ID3, IL6, and BCL6. Interestingly, expression of these genes paralleled changes of POU2AF1 expression during airway epithelium differentiation in vitro, suggesting POU2AF1 helps to maintain a host defense tone even in pathogen-free condition. Cigarette smoke, a known risk factor for airway infection, suppressed POU2AF1 expression both in vivo in humans and in vitro in human airway epithelial cultures, accompanied by deregulation of POU2AF1 downstream genes. Finally, enhancing POU2AF1 expression in human airway epithelium attenuated the suppression of host defense genes by smoking. Together, these findings suggest a novel function of POU2AF1 as a potential regulator of host defense genes in the human airway epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixia Zhou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan 610041, China; Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065
| | - Angelika Brekman
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065
| | - Wu-Lin Zuo
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065
| | - Xuemei Ou
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065
| | - Renat Shaykhiev
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065
| | | | - Rui Wang
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065
| | - Matthew S Walters
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065
| | - Jacqueline Salit
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065
| | | | - Michelle R Staudt
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065
| | - Robert J Kaner
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065; and
| | - Jason G Mezey
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065; Department of Biological Statistics and Computational Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, NY 14853
| | - Ronald G Crystal
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065; and
| | - Guoqing Wang
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065
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Abstract
COPD is a common complex disease characterized by progressive airflow limitation. Several genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have discovered genes that are associated with COPD. Recently, candidate genes for COPD identified by GWASs include CHRNA3/5 (cholinergic nicotine receptor alpha 3/5), IREB2 (iron regulatory binding protein 2), HHIP (hedgehog-interacting protein), FAM13A (family with sequence similarity 13, member A), and AGER (advanced glycosylation end product–specific receptor). Their association with COPD susceptibility has been replicated in multiple populations. Since these candidate genes have not been considered in COPD, their pathological roles are still largely unknown. Herein, we review some evidences that they can be effective drug targets or serve as biomarkers for diagnosis or subtyping. However, more study is required to understand the functional roles of these candidate genes. Future research is needed to characterize the effect of genetic variants, validate gene function in humans and model systems, and elucidate the genes’ transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulatory mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo Jin Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine and Environmental Health Center, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Sang Do Lee
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Chronic Obstructive Airway Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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