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Zhang H, Ly A, Chou E, Wang L, Zhang P, Prado K, Gu Y, Pellegrini M, Chin AI. Role of Forkhead Box P3 in IFNγ-Mediated PD-L1 Expression and Bladder Cancer Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition. CANCER RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2024; 4:2228-2241. [PMID: 39099201 PMCID: PMC11345674 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-23-0493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
Antagonism of the PD-1/PD-L1 axis is a critical therapeutic strategy for patients with advanced bladder cancer. IFNγ functions as a key regulator of PD-L1 in both immune as well as cancer cells. Forkhead box P3 (FOXP3) is a transcription factor synonymous in T regulatory cell function but with increasingly described functions in cancer cells. Here, we investigated the relationship between FOXP3 and PD-L1 in bladder cancer. We showed that FOXP3 is critical in the ability for IFNγ to activate PD-L1 in bladder cancer cells. FOXP3 can bind to the PD-L1 promoter and induces a gene program that leads to regulation of multiple immune-related genes and genes involved in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Using in vitro and in vivo human and murine models, we showed that FOXP3 can influence bladder cancer EMT as well as promote cancer metastases. Furthermore, FOXP3 may be a convergent factor for multiple activators of PD-L1, including the chemotherapeutic drug cisplatin. SIGNIFICANCE Historically a key transcription factor driving T regulatory cell function, FOXP3 has an increasingly recognized role in cancer cells. In bladder cancer, we defined a novel mechanism whereby FOXP3 mediates the activation of the immune checkpoint PD-L1 by the cytokine IFNγ. We also showed that FOXP3 induces other immune checkpoints as well as genes involved in EMT, promoting immune resistance and cancer metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanwei Zhang
- Department of Urology, University of California, Los Angeles, California.
| | - Ann Ly
- Department of Urology, University of California, Los Angeles, California.
| | - Emily Chou
- Department of Urology, University of California, Los Angeles, California.
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, California.
| | - Paul Zhang
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, California.
| | - Kris Prado
- Department of Urology, University of California, Los Angeles, California.
| | - Yiqian Gu
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, California.
| | - Matteo Pellegrini
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, California.
- UCLA Broad Stem Cell Research Center, Los Angeles, California.
| | - Arnold I. Chin
- Department of Urology, University of California, Los Angeles, California.
- UCLA Broad Stem Cell Research Center, Los Angeles, California.
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Yang Q, Hong K, Li Y, Shi P, Yan F, Zhang P. Receptor-interacting protein kinase 2 is associated with tumor immune infiltration, immunotherapy-related biomarkers, and affects gastric cancer cells growth in vivo. J Cancer 2024; 15:176-191. [PMID: 38164277 PMCID: PMC10751663 DOI: 10.7150/jca.90008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: The objective of this study was to analyze the research trend of four RIPK genes (RIPK1, RIPK2, RIPK3, and RIPK4), their expression variations in tumors, and the correlation between RIPK2 expression and immune-related biomarkers in gastric cancer (GC). Methods: The PubMed database was utilized to investigate the research trend surrounding four RIPKs genes in tumors. The ULCAN database was employed to analyze the differential expression of these four RIPKs genes. TCGA data were utilized to examine the association between RIPK2 expression and various factors including tumor immune infiltration and immune-related biomarkers. Lastly, the impact of targeting RIPK2 on the growth of GC cells was confirmed through tumor formation assay, immunohistochemistry, and Tunnel assays. Results: In the field of tumor biology, there has been a sustained increase in research focused on the four RIPKs genes over the past decade. Four RIPKs genes are differentially expressed in a majority of tumors. Furthermore, this investigation has unveiled a connection between the expression of RIPK2 and the infiltration of four immune cells, as well as the presence of RNA methylation modifying enzymes, specifically m1A, m6A, and m5C, in GC. Additionally, RIPK2 expression was associated with the genes related to immune checkpoint regulation, as well as genes associated with immunoinhibitors and immunostimulators. It was also revealed that RIPK2 expression was correlated to immunotherapy response biomarkers, namely MSI and TMB, and tumor stemness. Ultimately, it was demonstrated that targeting the RIPK2 effectively regulated GC cells growth through the suppression of PCNA expression and the induction of apoptosis. Conclusion: The expression of RIPK2 is correlated with immune cell infiltration, RNA methyltransferase activity, tumor stemness, checkpoint-related genes, and immunotherapy-related biomarkers. Suppression of RIPK2 impedes the growth of GC cells in vivo. Consequently, RIPK2 holds promise as a viable immunotherapy target for various types of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Medical College of Guizhou University, Guiyang City, Guizhou Province, PR China
| | - Kunqiao Hong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Yu Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Medical College of Guizhou University, Guiyang City, Guizhou Province, PR China
| | - Pengshuang Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Medical College of Guizhou University, Guiyang City, Guizhou Province, PR China
| | - Fang Yan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Medical College of Guizhou University, Guiyang City, Guizhou Province, PR China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Urology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang City, Guizhou Province, PR China
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3
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Cui K, Wang X, Han C, Liu S, Hu Y. Mechanism of Human Cytomegalovirus-Induced Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Glioma Cells via the Upregulation of RIP2 Expression. Biol Pharm Bull 2023; 46:1506-1511. [PMID: 37914353 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b23-00256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in glioma cells; however, its underlying action mechanism remain ambiguous. In this study, we investigated the effects of receptor-interacting protein 2 (RIP2) and nuclear factor (NF)-κB on EMT in HCMV-infected glioma LN-18 cells. Wound healing and invasion assays were used to evaluate the migration and invasion of cells. Western blotting and immunofluorescence microscopy were used to determine the protein expression levels. We found that HCMV induced enhanced migration and invasion of LN-18 cells, activation of the RIP2/NF-κB signaling pathway, downregulation of epithelial cell marker (E-cadherin) expression, and upregulation of mesenchymal cell marker (N-cadherin and vimentin) expression. Moreover, inhibition of RIP2 or NF-κB inhibited the induction of HCMV in LN-18 cells. Therefore, HCMV induces EMT in glioma cells by promoting the activation of NF-κB signaling pathway via the upregulation of RIP2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Cui
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University
| | - Xiaoliang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University
| | - ChengXi Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University
| | - Shuo Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University
| | - Yuhua Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University
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4
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Wang X, Jiao B, Wu J, Yang J, Hu Y, Cui K. Mechanism of RIP2 enhancing stemness of glioma cells induces temozolomide resistance. CNS Neurosci Ther 2022; 28:2319-2330. [PMID: 36184801 PMCID: PMC9627370 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS We aimed to investigate the role of receptor-interacting protein 2 (RIP2) in regulation of stemness of glioma cells and chemotherapy resistance. METHODS Plasmid transfection was used to overexpress RIP2. Chemical inhibitors were used to inhibit RIP2 or NF-κB activity. Cancer stemness of glioma cells was investigated by sphere formation assays, clone formation assays, and xenograft tumor formation assays. The expression of RIP2, p-NF-κB, IκBα, CD133, or SOX-2 was detected by Western blotting and immunofluorescence. Apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry. Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the expression of RIP2, CD133, and SOX-2 in xenograft tumor tissue. The effect of the RIP2/NF-κB pathway on temozolomide (TMZ) resistance was evaluated by xenograft tumor assay. RESULTS Transfection with RIP2 plasmid enhanced the sphere formation capability of U251 cells, clone formation capability, and xenograft tumor formation capability. RIP2 could mediate TMZ resistance by upregulating the expression of CD133 and SOX-2 by activating the NF-κB pathway. Both RIP2 inhibitor GSK583 and the NF-κB inhibitor SC75741 could reverse the resistance of U251 cells to TMZ. CONCLUSION RIP2 mediates TMZ resistance by regulating the maintenance of stemness in glioma cells through NF-κB. Interventions targeting the RIP2/NF-κB pathway may be a new strategy for TMZ-resistant gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao‐liang Wang
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe Second Hospital of Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuangChina
| | - Bao‐hua Jiao
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe Second Hospital of Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuangChina
| | - Jian‐liang Wu
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe Second Hospital of Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuangChina
| | - Jian‐kai Yang
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe Second Hospital of Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuangChina
| | - Yu‐hua Hu
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe Second Hospital of Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuangChina
| | - Kai Cui
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medcial UniversityShijiazhuangChina
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Sun H, Yang Y, Cao Y, Li H, Qu L, Lamont SJ. Gene expression profiling of RIP2-knockdown in HD11 macrophages - elucidation of potential pathways (gene network) when challenged with avian pathogenic E.coli (APEC). BMC Genomics 2022; 23:341. [PMID: 35501708 PMCID: PMC9063279 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08595-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Receptor interacting serine/threonine kinase 2 (RIP2), ubiquitous in many tissue/cell types, is the key regulator of immune and inflammatory responses for many diseases, including avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC), which causes a wide variety of localized or systemic infections. However, the molecular mechanisms by which RIP2 drives its transcriptional program to affect immune and inflammatory response upon APEC infection remains poorly understood. RESULTS In this study, RNA-seq and bioinformatics analyses were used to detect gene expression and new direct/indirect RIP2 targets in the treatments of wild type HD11 cells (WT), RIP2 knockdown cells (shRIP2), APEC stimulation cells (APEC), and RIP2 knockdown cells combined with APEC infection (shRIP2 + APEC). The results revealed that a total of 4691 and 2605 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened in shRIP2 + APEC vs. APEC and shRIP2 vs. WT, respectively. Functional annotation analysis showed that apoptosis, MAPK, p53, Toll-like receptor, and Nod-like receptor signaling pathways were involved in APEC-induced RIP2 knockdown HD11 cells. By analyzing the enriched pathway and gene networks, we identified that several DEGs, including HSP90AB1, BID, and CASP9 were targeted by RIP2 upon APEC infection. CONCLUSION As a whole, this study can not only provide data support for constructing gene networks of RIP2 knockdown with APEC challenge but also provide new ideas for improving the immune and inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
| | - Yexin Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Yuxuan Cao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Huan Li
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou Polytechnic College, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
| | - Lujiang Qu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Susan J Lamont
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, 50011, USA
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6
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Zhang H, Ma Y, Zhang Q, Liu R, Luo H, Wang X. A pancancer analysis of the carcinogenic role of receptor-interacting serine/threonine protein kinase-2 (RIPK2) in human tumours. BMC Med Genomics 2022; 15:97. [PMID: 35473583 PMCID: PMC9040268 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-022-01239-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To explore the expression and carcinogenic mechanism of RIPK2 in human tumours, and to provide the theoretical basis for the further study of RIPK2. Methods We used the TCGA, CPTAC, HPA databases to analyse the expression, mutation, and prognosis of RIPK2 in human tumours. Through the Cbioportal, Ualcan, TIMER2.0, and STRING websites, We understand the genetic variation, immune infiltration and enrichment analysis of RIPK2 related genes. Results RIPK2 was highly expressed in most tumours (such as BRCA, COAD and LUSC, etc.), and the high expression of RIPK2 was correlated with tumour stage and prognosis. In addition, Amplification was the main type of RIPK2 in tumour mutation state, and the amplification rate was about 8.5%. In addition, RIPK2 was positively associated with tumour-infiltrating immune cells (such as CD8+ T, Tregs, and cancer-associated fibroblasts). According to the KEGG analysis, RIPK2 may play a role in tumour mainly through NOD-like signaling pathway and NF-kappaB signaling pathway. GO enrichment analysis showed that the RIPK2 is mainly related to I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling, Ribonucleoprotein granule and Ubiquitin-like protein ligase binding. Conclusion RIPK2 plays an important role in the occurrence, development and prognosis of malignant tumours. Our pancancer study provided a relatively comprehensive description of the carcinogenic effects of RIPK2 in different tumours, and provided useful information for further study of RIPK2. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12920-022-01239-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanqun Zhang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China.,Department of Oncology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guizhou, 550002, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Ma
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuning Zhang
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China.,Lanzhou Heavy Ion Hospital, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruifeng Liu
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China.,Lanzhou Heavy Ion Hospital, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongtao Luo
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China.,Lanzhou Heavy Ion Hospital, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohu Wang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China. .,Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China. .,Lanzhou Heavy Ion Hospital, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China.
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7
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Huang X, Pan T, Yan L, Jin T, Zhang R, Chen B, Feng J, Duan T, Xiang Y, Zhang M, Chen X, Yang Z, Zhang W, Ding X, Xie T, Sui X. The inflammatory microenvironment and the urinary microbiome in the initiation and progression of bladder cancer. Genes Dis 2021; 8:781-797. [PMID: 34522708 PMCID: PMC8427242 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2020.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that chronic inflammation may play a critical role in various malignancies, including bladder cancer. This hypothesis stems in part from inflammatory cells observed in the urethral microenvironment. Chronic inflammation may drive neoplastic transformation and the progression of bladder cancer by activating a series of inflammatory molecules and signals. Recently, it has been shown that the microbiome also plays an important role in the development and progression of bladder cancer, which can be mediated through the stimulation of chronic inflammation. In effect, the urinary microbiome can play a role in establishing the inflammatory urethral microenvironment that may facilitate the development and progression of bladder cancer. In other words, chronic inflammation caused by the urinary microbiome may promote the initiation and progression of bladder cancer. Here, we provide a detailed and comprehensive account of the link between chronic inflammation, the microbiome and bladder cancer. Finally, we highlight that targeting the urinary microbiome might enable the development of strategies for bladder cancer prevention and personalized treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingxing Huang
- Department of Medical Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, College of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310015, PR China
- College of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 311121, PR China
| | - Ting Pan
- Department of Medical Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, College of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310015, PR China
- College of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 311121, PR China
| | - Lili Yan
- Department of Medical Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, College of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310015, PR China
- College of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 311121, PR China
| | - Ting Jin
- Department of Medical Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, College of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310015, PR China
- College of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 311121, PR China
| | - Ruonan Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, College of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310015, PR China
- College of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 311121, PR China
| | - Bi Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, College of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310015, PR China
- College of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 311121, PR China
| | - Jiao Feng
- Department of Medical Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, College of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310015, PR China
- College of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 311121, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 311121, PR China
| | - Ting Duan
- Department of Medical Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, College of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310015, PR China
- College of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 311121, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 311121, PR China
| | - Yu Xiang
- Department of Medical Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, College of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310015, PR China
- College of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 311121, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 311121, PR China
| | - Mingming Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, College of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310015, PR China
- College of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 311121, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 311121, PR China
| | - Xiaying Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, College of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310015, PR China
- College of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 311121, PR China
| | - Zuyi Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, College of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310015, PR China
- College of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 311121, PR China
| | - Wenzheng Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, College of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310015, PR China
- College of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 311121, PR China
| | - Xia Ding
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, PR China
| | - Tian Xie
- Department of Medical Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, College of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310015, PR China
- College of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 311121, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 311121, PR China
| | - Xinbing Sui
- Department of Medical Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, College of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310015, PR China
- College of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 311121, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 311121, PR China
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, PR China
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8
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Hu Y, Jiao B, Wang C, Wu J. Regulation of temozolomide resistance in glioma cells via the RIP2/NF-κB/MGMT pathway. CNS Neurosci Ther 2021; 27:552-563. [PMID: 33460245 PMCID: PMC8025621 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Temozolomide (TMZ) is a first-line chemotherapy drug for the treatment of malignant glioma and resistance to it poses a major challenge. Receptor-interacting protein 2 (RIP2) is associated with the malignant character of cancer cells. However, it remains unclear whether RIP2 is involved in TMZ resistance in glioma. METHODS RIP2 expression was inhibited in TMZ-resistant glioma cells and normal glioma cells by using small interfering RNA (siRNA) against RIP2. Plasmid transfection method was used to overexpress RIP2. Cell counting kit-8 assays were performed to evaluate cell viability. Western blotting or immunofluorescence was performed to determine RIP2, NF-κB, and MGMT expression in cells. Flow cytometry was used to investigate cell apoptosis. TMZ-resistant glioma xenograft models were established to evaluate the role of the RIP2/NF-κB/MGMT signaling pathway in drug resistance. RESULTS We observed that RIP2 expression was upregulated in TMZ-resistant glioma cells, whereas silencing of RIP2 expression enhanced cellular sensitivity to TMZ. Similarly, upon the induction of RIP2 overexpression, glioma cells developed resistance to TMZ. The molecular mechanism underlying the process indicated that RIP2 can activate the NF-κB signaling pathway and upregulate the expression of O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT), following which the glioma cells develop drug resistance. In the TMZ-resistant glioma xenograft model, treatment with JSH-23 (an NF-κB inhibitor) and lomeguatrib (an MGMT inhibitor) could enhance the sensitivity of the transplanted tumor to TMZ. CONCLUSION We report that the RIP2/NF-κB/MGMT signaling pathway is involved in the regulation of TMZ resistance. Interference with NF-κB or MGMT activity could constitute a novel strategy for the treatment of RIP2-positive TMZ-resistant glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu‐Hua Hu
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe Second Hospital of Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuangChina
| | - Bao‐Hua Jiao
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe Second Hospital of Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuangChina
| | - Cheng‐Ye Wang
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe Second Hospital of Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuangChina
| | - Jian‐Liang Wu
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe Second Hospital of Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuangChina
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9
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Yang Q, Tian S, Liu Z, Dong W. Knockdown of RIPK2 Inhibits Proliferation and Migration, and Induces Apoptosis via the NF-κB Signaling Pathway in Gastric Cancer. Front Genet 2021; 12:627464. [PMID: 33633788 PMCID: PMC7900563 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.627464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
RIPK2 is a 62 kDa protein and a member of the receptor interacting protein kinases (RIPK) family. It was previously demonstrated that RIPK2 might play a role in promoting malignant tumor progression; however, the precise function of RIPK2 in the onset and progression of gastric cancer (GC) remains unclear. In the current study, we investigated the role of RIPK2 in GC. First, we explored the expression levels of RIPK2 in multiple cancers, including GC, using a bioinformatics approach. We constructed the RIPK2-associated protein-protein interaction network using the search tool for the retrieval of interacting genes/proteins for gene ontology and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes analysis. Next, we compared the RIPK2 expression levels between GC cells and normal gastric mucosal epithelial cell (GES-1) using reverse transcription quantitative PCR analysis. We downregulated the expression of RIPK2 in GC cells to determine the effects of RIPK2 on cell growth, migration, and apoptosis. Finally, we used western blotting to investigate the RIPK2 downstream signaling pathway involved in the regulation of GC progression. Our results showed that RIPK2 was overexpressed in various tumor tissues, including GC, compared to non-cancer tissues. Moreover, RIPK2 expression was significantly upregulated in all four GC cell lines (MGC-803,SGC-7901, HGC-27 and AGS) comparing the GES-1 cells. Silencing of RIPK2 suppressed GC cell growth by inhibiting migration, and inducing apoptosis through the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway. In summary, we demonstrate that RIPK2 plays an important role in modulating GC cell proliferation, migration, and apoptosis through the NF-κB signaling pathway. Therefore, RIPK2 functions as a potential oncogene. We believe that RIPK2 can be used as a candidate biomarker, as well as a diagnostic tool, and the therapeutic target for GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Hubei Province for Digestive System Disease, Wuhan, China.,Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shan Tian
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhengru Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Hubei Province for Digestive System Disease, Wuhan, China.,Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Weiguo Dong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Hubei Province for Digestive System Disease, Wuhan, China
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10
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Puttmann K, Duggan M, Mortazavi A, Diaz DA, Carson III WE, Sundi D. The Role of Myeloid Derived Suppressor Cells in Urothelial Carcinoma Immunotherapy. Bladder Cancer 2019. [DOI: 10.3233/blc-190219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen Puttmann
- Department of Urology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Megan Duggan
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Amir Mortazavi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Dayssy Alexandra Diaz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - William E. Carson III
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Debasish Sundi
- Department of Urology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
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11
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Sui X, Lei L, Chen L, Xie T, Li X. Inflammatory microenvironment in the initiation and progression of bladder cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:93279-93294. [PMID: 29190997 PMCID: PMC5696263 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests the idea that chronic inflammation may play a critical role in various malignancies including bladder cancer and long-term treatment with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) is significantly effective in reducing certain cancer incidence and mortality. However, the molecular mechanisms leading to malignant transformation and the progression of bladder cancer in a chronically inflammatory environment remain largely unknown. In this review, we will describe the role of inflammation in the formation and development of bladder cancer and summarize the possible molecular mechanisms by which chronic inflammation regulates cell immune response, proliferation and metastasis. Understanding the novel function orchestrating inflammation and bladder cancer will hopefully provide us insights into their future clinical significance in preventing bladder carcinogenesis and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinbing Sui
- Department of Medical Oncology Holistic Integrative Oncology Institutes and Holistic Integrative Pharmacy Institutes, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, College of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Medical Oncology Holistic Integrative Cancer Center of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liming Lei
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Laboratory of South China Structural Heart Disease, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liuxi Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tian Xie
- Department of Medical Oncology Holistic Integrative Oncology Institutes and Holistic Integrative Pharmacy Institutes, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, College of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Medical Oncology Holistic Integrative Cancer Center of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xue Li
- Departments of Urology and Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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12
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Durand S, Trillet K, Uguen A, Saint-Pierre A, Le Jossic-Corcos C, Corcos L. A transcriptome-based protein network that identifies new therapeutic targets in colorectal cancer. BMC Genomics 2017; 18:758. [PMID: 28962550 PMCID: PMC5622428 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-4139-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Colon cancer occurrence is increasing worldwide, making it the third most frequent cancer. Although many therapeutic options are available and quite efficient at the early stages, survival is strongly decreased when the disease has spread to other organs. The identification of molecular markers of colon cancer is likely to help understanding its course and, eventually, to uncover novel genes to be targeted by drugs. In this study, we compared gene expression in a set of 95 human colon cancer samples to that in 19 normal colon mucosae, focusing on 401 genes from 5 selected pathways (Apoptosis, Cancer, Cholesterol metabolism and lipoprotein signaling, Drug metabolism, Wnt/beta-catenin). Deregulation of mRNA levels largely matched that of proteins, leading us to build in silico protein networks, starting from mRNA levels, to identify key proteins central to network activity. Results Among the analyzed genes, 10.5% (42) had no reported link with colon cancer, including the SFRP1, IGF1 and ADH1B (down), and MYC and IL8 (up), whose encoded proteins were most interacting with other proteins from the same or even distinct networks. Analyzing all pathways globally led us to uncover novel functional links between a priori unrelated or rather remotely connected pathways, such as the Drug metabolism and the Cancer pathways or, even more strikingly, between the Cholesterol metabolism and lipoprotein signaling and the Cancer pathways. In addition, we analyzed the responsiveness of some of the deregulated genes essential to network activities, to chemotherapeutic agents used alone or in presence of Lovastatin, a lipid-lowering drug. Some of these treatments could oppose the deregulations occurring in cancer samples, including those of the CHECK2, CYP51A1, HMGCS1, ITGA2, NME1 or VEGFA genes. Conclusions Our network-based approach allowed discovering genes not previously known to play regulatory roles in colon cancer. Our results also showed that selected drug treatments might revert the cancer-specific deregulation of genes playing prominent roles within the networks operating to maintain colon homeostasis. Among those genes, some could constitute novel testable targets to eliminate colon cancer cells, either directly or, potentially, through the use of lipid-lowering drugs such as statins, in association with selected anticancer drugs. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-017-4139-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Durand
- INSERM 1078 Unit, "Cancérologie appliquée et épissage alternatif" team, Brest Institute of Health, Agronomy and Material (IBSAM), Faculty of medicine, University of Western Brittany (UBO), 22 avenue Camille Desmoulins, F-29200, Brest, France
| | - Killian Trillet
- INSERM 1078 Unit, "Cancérologie appliquée et épissage alternatif" team, Brest Institute of Health, Agronomy and Material (IBSAM), Faculty of medicine, University of Western Brittany (UBO), 22 avenue Camille Desmoulins, F-29200, Brest, France
| | - Arnaud Uguen
- INSERM 1078 Unit, "Cancérologie appliquée et épissage alternatif" team, Brest Institute of Health, Agronomy and Material (IBSAM), Faculty of medicine, University of Western Brittany (UBO), 22 avenue Camille Desmoulins, F-29200, Brest, France.,Department of Pathology, Brest University Hospital, F-29200, Brest, France
| | - Aude Saint-Pierre
- INSERM 1078 Unit, "Epidemiology, genetic Epidemiology and population genetics" team, 46 rue Félix Le Dantec, F-29200, Brest, France
| | - Catherine Le Jossic-Corcos
- INSERM 1078 Unit, "Cancérologie appliquée et épissage alternatif" team, Brest Institute of Health, Agronomy and Material (IBSAM), Faculty of medicine, University of Western Brittany (UBO), 22 avenue Camille Desmoulins, F-29200, Brest, France
| | - Laurent Corcos
- INSERM 1078 Unit, "Cancérologie appliquée et épissage alternatif" team, Brest Institute of Health, Agronomy and Material (IBSAM), Faculty of medicine, University of Western Brittany (UBO), 22 avenue Camille Desmoulins, F-29200, Brest, France. .,INSERM 1078 Unit, "Cancérologie appliquée et épissage alternatif" laboratory, University of Western Brittany (UBO), Faculty of medicine, 22, rue Camille Desmoulins, 29200, Brest, France.
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13
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Tao L, Qiu J, Jiang M, Song W, Yeh S, Yu H, Zang L, Xia S, Chang C. Infiltrating T Cells Promote Bladder Cancer Progression via Increasing IL1→Androgen Receptor→HIF1α→VEGFa Signals. Mol Cancer Ther 2016; 15:1943-1951. [PMID: 27196763 PMCID: PMC5055306 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-15-0306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment impacts tumor progression and individual cells, including CD4(+) T cells, which have been detected in bladder cancer tissues. The detailed mechanism of how these T cells were recruited to the bladder cancer tumor and their impact on bladder cancer progression, however, remains unclear. Using a human clinical bladder cancer sample survey and in vitro coculture system, we found that bladder cancer has a greater capacity to recruit T cells than surrounding normal bladder tissues. The consequences of higher levels of recruited T cells in bladder cancer included increased bladder cancer metastasis. Mechanism dissection revealed that infiltrating T cells might function through secreting the cytokine IL1, which increases the recruitment of T cells to bladder cancer and enhances the bladder cancer androgen receptor (AR) signaling that results in increased bladder cancer cell invasion via upregulation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF1α)/VEGFa expression. Interruption of the IL1→AR→HIF1α→VEGFa signals with inhibitors of HIF1α or VEGFa partially reversed the enhanced bladder cancer cell invasion. Finally, in vivo mouse models of xenografted bladder cancer T24 cells with CD4(+) T cells confirmed in vitro coculture studies and concluded that infiltrating CD4(+) T cells can promote bladder cancer metastasis via modulation of the IL1→AR→HIF1α→VEGFa signaling. Future clinical trials using small molecules to target this newly identified signaling pathway may facilitate the development of new therapeutic approaches to better suppress bladder cancer metastasis. Mol Cancer Ther; 15(8); 1943-51. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Tao
- Department of Urology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200080, China
- George Whipple Lab for Cancer Research, Departments of Urology and Pathology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Jianxin Qiu
- Department of Urology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Ming Jiang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Wenbin Song
- George Whipple Lab for Cancer Research, Departments of Urology and Pathology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Shuyuan Yeh
- George Whipple Lab for Cancer Research, Departments of Urology and Pathology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Hong Yu
- Department of Urology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Lijuan Zang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Shujie Xia
- Department of Urology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Chawnshang Chang
- George Whipple Lab for Cancer Research, Departments of Urology and Pathology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
- Sex Hormone Research Center, China Medical University/Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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14
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Wang Y, Wu K, Yang Z, Zhao Q, Fan D, Xu P, Nie Y, Fan D. Multidrug-Resistance Related Long Non-Coding RNA Expression Profile Analysis of Gastric Cancer. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0135461. [PMID: 26291830 PMCID: PMC4546299 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0135461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of chemotherapy of gastric cancer (GC) remains very poor because of multidrug resistance (MDR). However, the mechanisms underlying MDR of GC remains far from fully understood. The aim of this study is to illustrate the potential mechanisms of the MDR of GC at mainly the long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) level. In this study, GC cell line, SGC7901, and two MDR sublines, SGC7901/VCR and SGC7901/ADR were subjected to an lncRNA microarray analysis. Bioinformatics and verification experiments were performed to investigate the potential lncRNAs involved in the development of MDR. Pathway analysis indicated that 15 pathways corresponded to down-regulated transcripts and that 20 pathways corresponded to up-regulated transcripts (p-value cut-off is 0.05). GO analysis showed that the highest enriched GOs targeted by up-regulated transcripts were “system development” and the highest esenriched GOs targeted by the down-regulated transcripts were “sterol biosynthetic process”. Our study is the first to interrogate differentially expressed lncRNAs in human GC cell line and MDR sublines and indicates that lncRNAs are worthwhile for further study to be the novel candidate biomarkers for the clinical diagnosis of MDR and potential targets for further therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, 15 Changlexi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, 24 Jinghua Road, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Kaichun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, 15 Changlexi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhiping Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, 15 Changlexi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qingchuan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, 15 Changlexi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dongmei Fan
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, 24 Jinghua Road, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Po Xu
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, 24 Jinghua Road, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Yongzhan Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, 15 Changlexi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Daiming Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, 15 Changlexi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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15
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Shiels MS, Copeland G, Goodman MT, Harrell J, Lynch CF, Pawlish K, Pfeiffer RM, Engels EA. Cancer stage at diagnosis in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus and transplant recipients. Cancer 2015; 121:2063-71. [PMID: 25739496 PMCID: PMC4470321 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.29324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Revised: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is unknown whether immunosuppression results in more aggressive, advanced stage cancers. Because cancer stage is influenced both by tumor biology and medical surveillance, the authors assessed cancer stage in individuals infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and solid organ transplant recipients, 2 immunosuppressed groups with differences in their health care use. METHODS The authors used data on all cases of 15 cancer types diagnosed during 1996 through 2010 in 2 studies that linked US cancer registries with HIV and transplant registries. Odds ratios (ORs) for advanced (vs local) disease were estimated comparing HIV and transplant populations with immunocompetent individuals in polytomous logistic regression models adjusted for age, sex, race, registry, and year. RESULTS A total of 8411 of 4.5 million cancer cases occurred in HIV-infected individuals and 7322 of 6.4 million cancer cases occurred in transplant recipients. Compared with immunocompetent patients with cancer, those infected with HIV were more likely to be diagnosed with distant stage lung (OR, 1.13), female breast (OR, 1.99), and prostate (OR, 1.57) cancers, whereas transplant recipients had fewer distant stage lung (OR, 0.54), female breast (OR, 0.75), and prostate (OR, 0.72) cancers. Both immunosuppressed populations had a shift toward advanced stage melanoma (ORs of 1.97 for HIV-infected individuals and 1.82 for transplant recipients) and bladder cancer (ORs of 1.42 for HIV-infected individuals and 1.54 for transplant recipients). CONCLUSIONS Bladder cancer and melanoma were more likely to be diagnosed at a nonlocal stage in both HIV-infected individuals and transplant recipients, suggesting a role for immunosuppression in their progression. In addition, we observed a shift for some common cancers toward later stages in HIV-infected individuals and toward earlier stages in transplant recipients, which is consistent with differential access to medical care or surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meredith S. Shiels
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD
| | - Glenn Copeland
- Michigan Cancer Surveillance Program, Michigan Department of Community Health, Lansing, MI
| | - Marc T. Goodman
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | | | - Charles F. Lynch
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Karen Pawlish
- New Jersey State Cancer Registry, New Jersey Department of Health, Trenton, NJ
| | - Ruth M. Pfeiffer
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD
| | - Eric A. Engels
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD
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16
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Peek EM, Song W, Zhang H, Huang J, Chin AI. Loss of MyD88 leads to more aggressive TRAMP prostate cancer and influences tumor infiltrating lymphocytes. Prostate 2015; 75:463-73. [PMID: 25597486 DOI: 10.1002/pros.22932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The influence of pattern recognition receptor (PRR) signaling in the prostate tumor microenvironment remains unclear. Although there may be a role for PRR agonists as adjuvants to therapy, prior evidence suggests tumor promoting as well as tumor inhibiting mechanisms. The purpose of this study is to examine the role of the key Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling adaptor protein myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88) in prostate cancer development. METHODS MyD88(-/-) mice in a C57Bl6 background were crossed with transgenic adenocarcinomas of the mouse prostate (TRAMP) mice to create MyD88(-/-) TRAMP(Tg+/-) animals, which were compared to MyD88(+/+) TRAMP(Tg+/-) animals and their non-transgenic counterparts at 30 weeks. Prostates were examined histologically, by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence staining, and by qPCR, to characterize tumor-infiltrating immune populations as well as activation of the downstream NF-κB pathway and androgen receptor (AR) expression. Splenocytes were examined for development of distinct immune cell populations. RESULTS Absence of MyD88 led to increased prostatic intraepithelial neoplasm (PIN) and areas of well-differentiated adenocarcinoma in TRAMP transgenic mice. Analysis of infiltrating immune populations revealed an increase in CD11b(+) Gr1(+) myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), as evidenced by increased expression of prostatic arginase-1 and iNOS as well as the cytokine IL-10, and a deficiency in NK cells in prostates from MyD88(-/-) TRAMP(Tg+/-) compared to MyD88(+/+) TRAMP(Tg+/-) mice, whereas a decrease in splenocytic NK cell differentiation was observed in MyD88(-/-) mice. Prostate tumors revealed no significant differences in NF-κB or AR expression in MyD88(+/+) TRAMP(Tg+/-) compared to MyD88(-/-) TRAMP(Tg+/-) mice. CONCLUSIONS During prostate cancer development in the TRAMP model, MyD88 may play a role in limiting prostate tumorigenesis by altering tumor-infiltrating immune populations. This suggests that in the context of specific cancers, distinct PRRs and signaling pathways of innate immune signaling may influence the tumor microenvironment and represent a novel therapeutic strategy.
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