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Mir FH, Tanveer S, Para BA. Evaluation of anthelmintic efficacy of ethanolic leaf extract of Juglans regia L. on Ascaridia galli: a comprehensive in vitro and in vivo study. Vet Res Commun 2024:10.1007/s11259-024-10411-2. [PMID: 38771447 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-024-10411-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Anthelmintic resistance in livestock animals has been spreading across the world in prevalence and severity. As a result, researchers are exploring alternative strategies to combat this issue, and one promising avenue is the utilization of medicinal plants. This study aims to investigate the anthelmintic efficacy of the crude ethanolic extract (CEE) derived from the leaves of Juglans regia against one of the most detrimental nematode parasites affecting poultry, namely Ascaridia galli (A. galli). For the in vitro studies, adult A. galli worms were collected from the naturally infected chickens and the efficacy of CEE was measured at the concentration of 25, 50, and 100 mg/ml using adult worm motility inhibition (WMI) assay. In addition, levamisole (0.55 mg/ml) was used as the positive control. Likewise, Phosphate buffered saline (PBS) was used as the negative control. For the in vivo studies, CEE of J.regia at the doses of 500, 1000, and 2000 mg/kg were evaluated in chickens experimentally infected with A. galli. The anthelmintic efficacy was monitored using faecal egg count reduction (FECR) and worm count reduction (WCR) assays. In vitro studies revealed significant (P < 0.001) anthelmintic effects of CEE of J.regia on the motility of A. galli worms at different hours post-exposure. At the concentration of 100 mg/ml, CEE resulted in 96.5% inhibition of worm motility at 24 h post-exposure. While the synthetic anthelmintic drug, levamisole caused the highest inhibition of worm motility (100%) at the same time period. The in vivo anthelmintic activity of CEE of J. regia demonstrated a maximum effect on day 14 post-treatment by inducing 67.28% FECR and 65.03% WCR. We observed no significant difference (P > 0.05) in worm counts between the negative control group and the chickens treated with CEE at the dosage of 500 mg/kg. Together, the results of the present study suggest that CEE of J. regia leaves possess anthelmintic properties and could be a potential source of novel anthelmintic compounds for controlling helminth parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fayaz Hussain Mir
- Department of Zoology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
| | - Syed Tanveer
- Department of Zoology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Bilal Ahmad Para
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Islamic University of Science and Technology, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
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Mir FH, Tanveer S, Bharti P, Para BA. Anthelmintic Activity of Saussurea costus (Falc.) Lipsch. Against Ascaridia galli, a Pathogenic Nematode in Poultry: In Vitro and In Vivo Studies. Acta Parasitol 2024:10.1007/s11686-024-00837-8. [PMID: 38605153 DOI: 10.1007/s11686-024-00837-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY The growing resistance of helminth parasites to currently available commercial anthelmintic drugs, combined with apprehensions regarding detrimental chemical residues in livestock products, has sparked an interest in exploring medicinal plants as an alternative strategy for treating helminthiasis. As a result, this study was designed to investigate the anthelmintic activity of crude methanolic extracts (CME) of Saussurea costus root on Ascaridia.galli, a pathogenic nematode of poultry. MATERIALS AND METHODS In vitro, the anthelmintic effect of Saussurea costus root was evaluated in comparison to commercial anthelmintic, levamisole on the adult nematode parasites, A.galli using worm motility inhibition (WMI) test. The CME of S.costus was also evaluated for in vivo anthelmintic activity in chickens experimentally infected with Ascaridia galli. For the in vivo study, one hundred-day-old chickens were orally infected with embryonated eggs of A. galli worms. The efficacy of the plant extract as an anthelmintic was assessed through two tests: faecal egg count reduction (FECR) test and worm count reduction (WCR) test. The study investigated three distinct doses of plant extract under in vivo setup: 500 mg kg-1 body weight (bw), 1000 mg kg-1 bw, and 2000 mg kg-1 bw. RESULTS In vitro, all the tested concentrations of S.costus (25 mg/ml, 50 mg/ml, and 100 mg/ml) showed a significant (P < 0.001) anthelmintic effects on live adult A. galli worms in terms of inhibition of worm motility at different hours post-treatment. At the highest concentration of the extract, we observed worm motility inhibition of 100% at 24 h post-exposure. On day 14 post-treatment, all birds were slaughtered, and adult A. galli worms were subsequently retrieved from their small intestines. Birds treated with CME extract of S. costus root exhibited a significant (P < 0.001) reduction in faecal egg count. However, the administration of the extract at the dosage of 500 mg kg-1bw to the birds did not reveal any significant (P > 0.05) differences in the worm count compared to the negative control group. The CME of S. costus at a dose of 2000 mg kg-1bw showed the highest anthelmintic activity by inducing 83.10% FECR and 76.47% WCR. CONCLUSION In conclusion, the root extract of S. costus has a promising anthelmintic activity on A. galli as demonstrated by the results of the present experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fayaz Hussain Mir
- Department of Zoology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
| | - Syed Tanveer
- Department of Zoology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Pooja Bharti
- Department of Zoology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Bilal Ahmad Para
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Islamic University of Science and Technology, Awantipora, Kashmir, India
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Mohammed FS, Babu D, Irfan Z, Fayed MA. A review on the traditional uses, nutritive importance, pharmacognostic features, phytochemicals, and pharmacology of Momordica cymbalaria Hook F. PeerJ 2024; 12:e16928. [PMID: 38436002 PMCID: PMC10906271 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Momordica cymbalaria Hook F. (MC), belonging to the family Cucurbitaceae, is a plant with several biological activities. This detailed, comprehensive review gathers and presents all the information related to the geographical distribution, morphology, therapeutic uses, nutritional values, pharmacognostic characters, phytochemicals, and pharmacological activities of MC. The available literature showed that MC fruits are utilized as a stimulant, tonic, laxative, stomachic, and to combat inflammatory disorders. The fruits are used to treat spleen and liver diseases and are applied in folk medicine to induce abortion and treat diabetes mellitus. The phytochemical screening studies report that MC fruits contain tannins, alkaloids, phenols, proteins, amino acids, vitamin C, carbohydrates, β-carotenes, palmitic acid, oleic acid, stearic acid, α-eleostearic acid, and γ-linolenic acid. The fruits also contain calcium, sodium, iron, potassium, copper, manganese, zinc, and phosphorus. Notably, momordicosides are cucurbitacin triterpenoids reported in the fruits of MC. Diverse pharmacological activities of MC, such as analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, nephroprotective, antidiabetic, cardioprotective, antidepressant, anticonvulsant, anticancer, antiangiogenic, antifertility, antiulcer, antimicrobial, antidiarrheal and anthelmintic, have been reported by many investigators. M. cymbalaria methanolic extract is safe up to 2,000 mg/kg. Furthermore, no symptoms of toxicity were found. These pharmacological activities are mechanistically interpreted and described in this review. Additionally, the microscopic, powder and physiochemical characteristics of MC tubers are also highlighted. In summary, possesses remarkable medicinal values, which warrant further detailed studies to exploit its potential benefits therapeutically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Firdous Sayeed Mohammed
- Department of Pharmacology, Calcutta Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Allied Health Sciences, Uluberia, Howrah, West Bengal, India
| | - Dinesh Babu
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Katz Group Centre for Pharmacy and Health Research, University of Alberta, Alberta, Canada
| | - Zainab Irfan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Brainware University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Marwa A.A. Fayed
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
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Wolstenholme AJ, Andersen EC, Choudhary S, Ebner F, Hartmann S, Holden-Dye L, Kashyap SS, Krücken J, Martin RJ, Midha A, Nejsum P, Neveu C, Robertson AP, von Samson-Himmelstjerna G, Walker R, Wang J, Whitehead BJ, Williams PDE. Getting around the roundworms: Identifying knowledge gaps and research priorities for the ascarids. ADVANCES IN PARASITOLOGY 2024; 123:51-123. [PMID: 38448148 PMCID: PMC11143470 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apar.2023.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
The ascarids are a large group of parasitic nematodes that infect a wide range of animal species. In humans, they cause neglected diseases of poverty; many animal parasites also cause zoonotic infections in people. Control measures include hygiene and anthelmintic treatments, but they are not always appropriate or effective and this creates a continuing need to search for better ways to reduce the human, welfare and economic costs of these infections. To this end, Le Studium Institute of Advanced Studies organized a two-day conference to identify major gaps in our understanding of ascarid parasites with a view to setting research priorities that would allow for improved control. The participants identified several key areas for future focus, comprising of advances in genomic analysis and the use of model organisms, especially Caenorhabditis elegans, a more thorough appreciation of the complexity of host-parasite (and parasite-parasite) communications, a search for novel anthelmintic drugs and the development of effective vaccines. The participants agreed to try and maintain informal links in the future that could form the basis for collaborative projects, and to co-operate to organize future meetings and workshops to promote ascarid research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian J Wolstenholme
- Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement (INRAE), Université de Tours, ISP, Nouzilly, France.
| | - Erik C Andersen
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Shivani Choudhary
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Friederike Ebner
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Susanne Hartmann
- Institute for Immunology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lindy Holden-Dye
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Sudhanva S Kashyap
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Jürgen Krücken
- Institute for Parasitology and Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Richard J Martin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Ankur Midha
- Institute for Immunology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Nejsum
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Cedric Neveu
- Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement (INRAE), Université de Tours, ISP, Nouzilly, France
| | - Alan P Robertson
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | | | - Robert Walker
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Jianbin Wang
- Department of Biochemistry & Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | | | - Paul D E Williams
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
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Menci R, Luciano G, Natalello A, Priolo A, Mangano F, Biondi L, Bella M, Scerra M, Lanza M. Performance and meat quality in pigs fed hydrolysable tannins from Tara spinosa. Meat Sci 2024; 207:109364. [PMID: 37839294 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2023.109364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the effect of dietary tara (Tara spinosa (Feuillée ex Molina) Britton & Rose) hydrolysable tannins on performance and meat quality of finishing pigs. Twenty barrows (crossbred PIC × Piétrain; age: 125 ± 5 d; bodyweight: 60.8 ± 3.89 kg) were randomly assigned to two groups and fed ad libitum for 7 weeks a control diet (CON) or a diet supplemented with 10 g/kg of tara tannins (TAT), respectively. No differences (P > 0.10) on growth performance and carcass traits were observed between the two groups. Meat fatty acid profile was not affected (P > 0.10) by the diet, but the content of C22:5 n-3 tended to be lower (P = 0.079) in TAT pork. Dietary tannins tended to reduce (P = 0.095) meat cholesterol. The diet had no effect (P > 0.10) on fat-soluble antioxidant vitamins, hydrophilic antioxidant capacity, catalase activity, and glutathione peroxidase activity. Superoxide dismutase activity tended to be lower (P = 0.087) in TAT meat than in CON meat. Dietary tannins did not affect (P > 0.10) backfat and meat color development during 6 days of refrigerated storage, but TAT meat tended to be darker (P = 0.082). Meat from pigs fed tara tannins showed lower (P = 0.028) hydroperoxides content and a tendency toward lower conjugated dienes (P = 0.079) and malondialdehyde (P = 0.084) contents. Also, dietary tannins delayed lipid oxidation in meat subjected to oxidative challenges such as catalysis and cooking (P < 0.05). The positive effect of dietary tara hydrolysable tannins on lipid oxidation was likely due to their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacity, but it may have been mitigated by the high α-tocopherol content in meat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruggero Menci
- University of Catania, Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente (Di3A), Via Valdisavoia 5, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Luciano
- University of Catania, Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente (Di3A), Via Valdisavoia 5, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Antonio Natalello
- University of Catania, Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente (Di3A), Via Valdisavoia 5, 95123 Catania, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Priolo
- University of Catania, Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente (Di3A), Via Valdisavoia 5, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Mangano
- University of Catania, Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente (Di3A), Via Valdisavoia 5, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Luisa Biondi
- University of Catania, Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente (Di3A), Via Valdisavoia 5, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Marco Bella
- University of Catania, Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente (Di3A), Via Valdisavoia 5, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Manuel Scerra
- University of Reggio Calabria, Dipartimento di Agraria, Produzioni Animali, Via dell'Università, 25, 89124 Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Lanza
- University of Catania, Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente (Di3A), Via Valdisavoia 5, 95123 Catania, Italy
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Chylinski C, Degnes KF, Aasen IM, Ptochos S, Blomstrand BM, Mahnert KC, Enemark HL, Thamsborg SM, Steinshamn H, Athanasiadou S. Condensed tannins, novel compounds and sources of variation determine the antiparasitic activity of Nordic conifer bark against gastrointestinal nematodes. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13498. [PMID: 37596334 PMCID: PMC10439207 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38476-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The antiparasitic potential of plants could offer a vital solution to alleviating the costs of gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) infections in ruminant production globally. Leveraging known bioactive molecules, however, is complex, where plant species, extraction processes and seasonality impact bioavailability and efficacy. This study assessed the impact of a comprehensive set of factors on the antiparasitic activity of Norwegian conifers to identify bark compounds specific against GIN. Antiparasitic activity was determined using in vitro assays targeting morphologically distinct life stages of ovine GIN: the egg hatch assay and larval motility assay. In depth characterisation of the chemical composition of the bark extracts was carried out using chromatographic separation, UV-absorbance, and molecular mass profiles to identify compounds implicated in the activity. Three key findings emerged: (1) the activity of bark extracts varied markedly from 0 to 100% antiparasitic efficacy, owing to tree species, extraction solvent and seasonality; (2) the GIN exhibited species-and stage-specific susceptibility to the bark extracts; (3) the presence of condensed tannins, amongst other compounds, was associated with anthelmintic activity. These findings add new insights into urgently needed alternative parasite control strategies in livestock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Chylinski
- Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Scotland's Rural College, Easter Bush, Roslin, EH25 9RG, UK
| | | | - Inga Marie Aasen
- Department of Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, SINTEF, 7465, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Sokratis Ptochos
- Department of Animal Health, Animal Welfare and Food Safety, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, 1433, Ås, Norway
| | | | | | - Heidi Larsen Enemark
- Department of Animal Health, Animal Welfare and Food Safety, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, 1433, Ås, Norway
| | - Stig Milan Thamsborg
- Veterinary Parasitology, University of Copenhagen, Dyrlægevej 100, 1870, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Håvard Steinshamn
- Division of Food Production and Society, Grasslands and Livestock, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, 6630, Tingvoll, Norway
| | - Spiridoula Athanasiadou
- Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Scotland's Rural College, Easter Bush, Roslin, EH25 9RG, UK.
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Suominen E, Savila S, Sillanpää M, Damlin P, Karonen M. Affinity of Tannins to Cellulose: A Chromatographic Tool for Revealing Structure-Activity Patterns. Molecules 2023; 28:5370. [PMID: 37513244 PMCID: PMC10384774 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28145370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Food, feed and beverage processing brings tannins into contact with macromolecules, such as proteins and polysaccharides, leading to different chemical and physical interactions. The interactions of tannins with proteins are well known but less is known about the affinity of tannins to polysaccharides. We used bacterial cellulose from nata de coco as a model compound to investigate how tannins and cellulose interact by adsorption measurements using UPLC-DAD. We also explored how the structure of tannins influences these interactions. The model tannins included nine individual structurally different hydrolysable tannins (HTs) and eight well-defined proanthocyanidin (PA) fractions with different monomeric units, mean degree of polymerization and both A- and B-type linkages. Tannins were found to have both strong and weak interactions with bacterial cellulose, depending on the exact structure of the tannin. For HTs, the main structural features affecting the interactions were the structural flexibility of the HT molecule and the number of free galloyl groups. For PAs, prodelphinidins were found to have a higher affinity to cellulose than procyanidins. Similarly to HTs, the presence of free galloyl groups in galloylated PAs and the flexibility of the PA molecule led to a stronger interaction. Adsorption measurements by UPLC-DAD proved to be a sensitive and rapid tool to evaluate the affinity of tannins to cellulose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Essi Suominen
- Natural Chemistry Research Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Santeri Savila
- Natural Chemistry Research Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Mimosa Sillanpää
- Natural Chemistry Research Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Pia Damlin
- Materials Chemistry Research Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Maarit Karonen
- Natural Chemistry Research Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
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Elghandour MMMY, Maggiolino A, Vázquez-Mendoza P, Alvarado-Ramírez ER, Cedillo-Monroy J, De Palo P, Salem AZM. Moringa oleifera as a Natural Alternative for the Control of Gastrointestinal Parasites in Equines: A Review. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12091921. [PMID: 37176979 PMCID: PMC10181162 DOI: 10.3390/plants12091921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Studies have shown a wide variety of parasites that infect horses, causing major gastrointestinal damage that can lead to death, and although the main method of control has been synthetic anthelmintics, there are parasites that have developed resistance to these drugs. For generations, plants have been used throughout the world as a cure or treatment for countless diseases and their symptoms, as is the case of Moringa oleifera, a plant native to the western region. In all its organs, mainly in leaves, M. oleifera presents a diversity of bioactive compounds, including flavonoids, tannins, phenolic acids, saponins, and vitamins, which provide antioxidant power to the plant. The compounds with the greatest antiparasitic activity are tannins and saponins, and they affect both the larvae and the oocytes of various equine gastrointestinal parasites. Therefore, M. oleifera is a promising source for the natural control of gastrointestinal parasites in horses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aristide Maggiolino
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari A. Moro, Valenzano, 70010 Bari, Italy
| | - Paulina Vázquez-Mendoza
- Facultad Maya de Estudios Agropecuarios, Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas, Catazajá 29980, Chiapas, Mexico
| | | | - José Cedillo-Monroy
- Temascaltepec University Center, Autonomous University of the State of Mexico, Temascaltepec 51300, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Pasquale De Palo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari A. Moro, Valenzano, 70010 Bari, Italy
| | - Abdelfattah Zeidan Mohamed Salem
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, Autonomous University of the State of Mexico, Toluca 50295, Estado de México, Mexico
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Szabó C, Kachungwa Lugata J, Ortega ADSV. Gut Health and Influencing Factors in Pigs. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13081350. [PMID: 37106913 PMCID: PMC10135089 DOI: 10.3390/ani13081350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract (GIT) is a complex, dynamic, and critical part of the body, which plays an important role in the digestion and absorption of ingested nutrients and excreting waste products of digestion. In addition, GIT also plays a vital role in preventing the entry of harmful substances and potential pathogens into the bloodstream. The gastrointestinal tract hosts a significant number of microbes, which throughout their metabolites, directly interact with the hosts. In modern intensive animal farming, many factors can disrupt GIT functions. As dietary nutrients and biologically active substances play important roles in maintaining homeostasis and eubiosis in the GIT, this review aims to summarize the current status of our knowledge on the most important areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csaba Szabó
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, Böszörményi Street 138, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - James Kachungwa Lugata
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, Böszörményi Street 138, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, Böszörményi Street 138, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Arth David Sol Valmoria Ortega
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, Böszörményi Street 138, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, Böszörményi Street 138, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
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Rooney J, Cantacessi C, Sotillo J, Cortés A. Gastrointestinal worms and bacteria: From association to intervention. Parasite Immunol 2023; 45:e12955. [PMID: 36300732 DOI: 10.1111/pim.12955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A plethora of studies, both experimental and epidemiological, have indicated the occurrence of associations between infections by gastrointestinal (GI) helminths and the composition and function of the host gut microbiota. Given the worldwide risk and spread of anthelmintic resistance, particularly for GI parasites of livestock, a better understanding of the mechanisms underpinning the relationships between GI helminths and the gut microbiome, and between the latter and host health, may assist the development of novel microbiome-targeting and other bacteria-based strategies for parasite control. In this article, we review current and prospective methods to manipulate the host gut microbiome, and/or to exploit the immune stimulatory and modulatory properties of gut bacteria (and their products) to counteract the negative impact of GI worm infections; we also discuss the potential applications of these intervention strategies in programmes aimed to aid the fight against helminth diseases of humans and livestock.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Rooney
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Cinzia Cantacessi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Javier Sotillo
- Parasitology Reference and Research Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alba Cortés
- Departament de Farmàcia i Tecnologia Farmacèutica i Parasitologia, Universitat de València, València, Spain
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Geisshirt HA, Bonde CS, Marcussen C, Mejer H, Williams AR. Development of In Vitro Assays with the Canine Hookworm Uncinaria stenocephala and Assessment of Natural Plant Products for Anti-Parasitic Activity. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12040536. [PMID: 37111422 PMCID: PMC10144190 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12040536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Enteric helminth infection is an increasing concern in companion animals due to reports of resistance to commonly used anthelmintic drugs. Thus, the assessment of new therapeutic options such as bioactive dietary additives is of high importance. Here, we adapted egg hatch, larval migration, and larval motility assays to screen extracts of several natural ingredients against the canine hookworm Uncinaria stenocephala, a prevalent parasite of dogs in northern Europe. Egg hatch and larval migration assays were established showing that the anthelmintic drugs levamisole and albendazole had strong anti-parasitic activity against U. stenocephala, validating the use of these assays for the assessment of novel anti-parasitic substances. Subsequently, we identified that extracts from the seaweed Saccharina latissima, but not extracts from grape seed or chicory, significantly inhibited both hatching and larval migration. Finally, we showed that α-linolenic acid, a putative anti-parasitic compound from S. latissima, also exhibited anti-parasitic activity. Collectively, our results established a platform for the screening for anthelmintic resistance or novel drug candidates against U. stenocephala and highlighted the potential use of seaweed extracts as a functional food component to help control hookworm infection in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi A Geisshirt
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-1870 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Charlotte S Bonde
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-1870 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Caroline Marcussen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-1870 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Helena Mejer
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-1870 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Andrew R Williams
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-1870 Frederiksberg, Denmark
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12
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Imran IB, Engström MT, Karonen M, Williams AR, Salminen JP. Alkaline oxidization can increase the in vitro antiparasitic activity of proanthocyanidin-rich plant extracts against Ascarissuum. Exp Parasitol 2023; 248:108493. [PMID: 36889503 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2023.108493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
Proanthocyanidins (PAs) are a class of plant specialized metabolites with well-documented bioactivities such as antiparasitic effects. However, little is known about how the modification of PAs influences their bioactivity. The objective of this study was to investigate a wide range of PA-containing plant samples to determine if extracts containing PAs modified by oxidation had altered antiparasitic activities, compared to the original extracts that had not been modified in alkaline conditions. We extracted and analyzed samples from 61 proanthocyanidin-rich plants. The extracts were then oxidized under alkaline conditions. We used these non-oxidized and oxidized proanthocyanidin-rich extracts to conduct a detailed analysis of direct antiparasitic effects against the intestinal parasite Ascaris suum in vitro. These tests showed that the proanthocyanidin-rich extracts had antiparasitic activity. Modification of these extracts significantly increased the antiparasitic activity for the majority the extracts, suggesting that the oxidation procedure enhanced the bioactivity of the samples. Some samples that showed no antiparasitic activity before oxidation showed very high activity after the oxidation. High levels of other polyphenols in the extracts, such as flavonoids, was found to be associated with increased antiparasitic activity following oxidation. Thus, our in vitro screening opens up the opportunity for future research to better understand the mechanism of action how alkaline treatment of PA-rich plant extracts increases their biological activity and potential as novel anthelmintics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iqbal Bin Imran
- Natural Chemistry Research Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014, Turku, Finland; Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
| | - Marica T Engström
- Natural Chemistry Research Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014, Turku, Finland
| | - Maarit Karonen
- Natural Chemistry Research Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014, Turku, Finland
| | - Andrew R Williams
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Juha-Pekka Salminen
- Natural Chemistry Research Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014, Turku, Finland
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13
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In Vitro Anthelmintic Effect of Ferula assa-foetida Hydroalcoholic Extract Against Flukes of Fasciola hepatica and Dicrocoelium dendriticum. Jundishapur J Nat Pharm Prod 2023. [DOI: 10.5812/jjnpp-133030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Dicrocoeliasis and fascioliasis are foodborne parasitic diseases of the biliary tract, resulting from Dicrocoelium dendriticum and Fasciola hepatica causing extensive financial losses and serious health problems in ruminants. Due to low-performance medications, drug delivery is a tremendous project to improve interventions available for these diseases. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the anthelmintic properties of Ferula assa-foetida extract against F. hepatica and D. dendriticum using in vitro assay. Methods: The effects of diverse concentrations of F. assa-foetida extract (400 - 1000 µg/mL) for 12-24 hours were examined for the treatment of D. dendriticum and F. hepatica. The anthelmintic efficacies were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The MTT assay was carried out to evaluate the cell viability of all cells in culture media. Results: The SEM images of treated worms by F. assa-foetida extract (200 µg/mL) confirmed excessive damage, which included an entire lack of sensory papillae and destruction of distinguished network structures and tegument vesicles. Variables of duration and concentration presented a considerable effect on both the mortality rate and the anthelmintic properties of F. assa-foetida; accordingly, as the time and concentration increased, the mortality rate became higher. Based on the MTT assay, the toxicity of F. assa-foetida at 800 µg/mL concentration was 8.7%. Therefore, it can be argued that F. assa-foetida had anthelmintic properties. Conclusions: This is the first study that evaluated the impact of F. assa-foetida on liver flukes of D. dendriticum and F. hepatica. Therefore, it paved the way for further studies on the control of those trematodes. It is recommended to document and look into the indigenous understanding of viable medicinal plants to provide evidence for their use.
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Ahmed H, Kilinc SG, Celik F, Kesik HK, Simsek S, Ahmad KS, Afzal MS, Farrakh S, Safdar W, Pervaiz F, Liaqat S, Zhang J, Cao J. An Inventory of Anthelmintic Plants across the Globe. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12010131. [PMID: 36678480 PMCID: PMC9866317 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12010131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
A wide range of novelties and significant developments in the field of veterinary science to treat helminth parasites by using natural plant products have been assessed in recent years. To the best of our knowledge, to date, there has not been such a comprehensive review of 19 years of articles on the anthelmintic potential of plants against various types of helminths in different parts of the world. Therefore, the present study reviews the available information on a large number of medicinal plants and their pharmacological effects, which may facilitate the development of an effective management strategy against helminth parasites. An electronic search in four major databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar) was performed for articles published between January 2003 and April 2022. Information about plant species, local name, family, distribution, plant tissue used, and target parasite species was tabulated. All relevant studies meeting the inclusion criteria were assessed, and 118 research articles were included. In total, 259 plant species were reviewed as a potential source of anthelmintic drugs. These plants can be used as a source of natural drugs to treat helminth infections in animals, and their use would potentially reduce economic losses and improve livestock production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haroon Ahmed
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Park Road, Chakh Shazad, Islamabad 45550, Pakistan
| | - Seyma Gunyakti Kilinc
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bingol University, Bingol 12000, Turkey
| | - Figen Celik
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Firat, Elazig 23119, Turkey
| | - Harun Kaya Kesik
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bingol University, Bingol 12000, Turkey
| | - Sami Simsek
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Firat, Elazig 23119, Turkey
- Correspondence: (S.S.); (J.C.)
| | - Khawaja Shafique Ahmad
- Department of Botany, University of Poonch Rawalakot, Azad Jammu and Kashmir 12350, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sohail Afzal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Management & Technology (UMT), Lahore 54770, Pakistan
| | - Sumaira Farrakh
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Park Road, Chakh Shazad, Islamabad 45550, Pakistan
| | - Waseem Safdar
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences (NUMS), Rawalpindi 46000, Pakistan
| | - Fahad Pervaiz
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Park Road, Chakh Shazad, Islamabad 45550, Pakistan
| | - Sadia Liaqat
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Park Road, Chakh Shazad, Islamabad 45550, Pakistan
| | - Jing Zhang
- The School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jianping Cao
- The School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200240, China
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), Shanghai 200025, China
- Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China, Shanghai 200025, China
- World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai 200025, China
- Correspondence: (S.S.); (J.C.)
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Anthelmintic Agents from African Medicinal Plants: Review and Prospects. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:8023866. [PMID: 36624864 PMCID: PMC9825222 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8023866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Soil-transmitted helminthiasis affects more than 1.5 billion people globally and largely remains a sanitary problem in Africa. These infections place a huge economic burden on poor countries and affect livestock production, causing substantial economic losses and poor animal health. The emergence of anthelmintic resistance, especially in livestock, and the potential for its widespread in humans create a need for the development of alternative therapies. Medicinal plants play a significant role in the management of parasitic diseases in humans and livestock, especially in Africa. This report reviews anthelmintic studies that have been conducted on medicinal plants growing in Africa and published within the past two decades. A search was made in various electronic databases, and only full articles in English were included in the review. Reports show that aqueous and hydroalcoholic extracts and polar fractions obtained from these crude extracts form the predominant (80%) form of the extracts studied. Medicinal plants, extracts, and compounds with different chemical groups have been studied for their anthelmintic potential. Polyphenols and terpenoids are the most reported groups. More than 64% of the studies employed in vitro assays against parasitic and nonparasitic nematode models. Egg hatch inhibition, larval migration inhibition, and paralysis are the common parameters assessed in vitro. About 72% of in vivo models involved small ruminants, 15% rodents, and 5% chicken. Egg and worm burden are the main factors assessed in vivo. There were no reports on interventions in humans cited within the period under consideration. Also, few reports have investigated the potential of combining plant extracts with common anthelmintic drugs. This review reveals the huge potential of African medicinal plants as sources of anthelmintic agents and the dire need for in-depth clinical studies of extracts, fractions, and compounds from African plants as anthelmintic agents in livestock, companion animals, and humans.
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16
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A Potential Anthelmintic Phytopharmacological Source of Origanum vulgare (L.) Essential Oil against Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Sheep. Animals (Basel) 2022; 13:ani13010045. [PMID: 36611652 PMCID: PMC9817997 DOI: 10.3390/ani13010045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of anthelmintic resistance in sheep gastrointestinal nematodes (GINs) requires novel strategies for the sustainable control of these parasites. This study aimed to evaluate the anthelmintic efficacy of the Origanum vulgare (L.) essential oil (EO) against sheep GINs and to evaluate the possibility of its use in control practice. The in vitro egg hatch test was conducted at eight different concentrations (50, 12.5, 3.125, 0.781, 0.195, 0.049, 0.025, and 0.0125 mg/mL) of the tested EO. For the in vivo fecal egg count reduction test, the EO of O. vulgare was administrated orally at a mean single dose of 150 mg/kg to sheep from two farms in Southern Italy, whereby potential toxic effects to the hosts were also evaluated. In the egg hatch test, the inhibition of egg hatchability varied from 71.3% to 93.7%, depending on the concentration used. The high anthelmintic potential was confirmed in the fecal egg count reduction test with an average reduction of nematode eggs in feces of 43.2% and 60.1% on days 7 and 14 after treatment, respectively. In addition, no toxic effects were noticed during the clinical examination of sheep or by observing blood count and liver or kidney function test results. The obtained results suggest the strong activity of the O. vulgare EO against sheep GINs, probably due to a high percentage of carvacrol (76.21%), whereby it can be considered safe for sheep at the dose tested in vivo. Therefore, it is suitable for use in veterinary practice as a part of an integrated strategy for the control of sheep GINs.
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17
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Greiffer L, Liebau E, Herrmann FC, Spiegler V. Condensed tannins act as anthelmintics by increasing the rigidity of the nematode cuticle. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18850. [PMID: 36344622 PMCID: PMC9640668 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23566-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Tannins and tanniferous plant extracts have been discussed as sustainable means for helminth control in the past two decades in response to a dramatic increase of resistances towards standard anthelmintics. While their bioactivities have been broadly investigated in vitro and in vivo, less is known about their mode of action in nematodes, apart from their protein binding properties. In the current study we therefore investigated the impact of a phytochemically well characterized plant extract from Combretum mucronatum, known to contain procyanidins as the active compounds, on the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans. By different microscopic techniques, the cuticle was identified as the main binding site for tannins, whereas underlying tissues did not seem to be affected. In addition to disruptions of the cuticle structure, molting defects occurred at all larval stages. Finally, an increased rigidity of the nematodes' cuticle due to binding of tannins was confirmed by force spectroscopic measurements. This could be a key finding to explain several anthelmintic activities reported for tannins, especially impairment of molting or exsheathment as well as locomotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luise Greiffer
- grid.5949.10000 0001 2172 9288Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology and Phytochemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Eva Liebau
- grid.5949.10000 0001 2172 9288Institute of Integrative Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Fabian C. Herrmann
- grid.5949.10000 0001 2172 9288Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology and Phytochemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Verena Spiegler
- grid.5949.10000 0001 2172 9288Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology and Phytochemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
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18
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Woolsey ID, Zeller WE, Blomstrand BM, Øines Ø, Enemark HL. Effects of selected condensed tannins on Cryptosporidium parvum growth and proliferation in HCT-8 cell cultures. Exp Parasitol 2022; 241:108353. [PMID: 35995247 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2022.108353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Infections with Cryptosporidium spp. constitute a substantial public health burden and are responsible for widespread production losses in cattle herds. Reducing disease and shedding of Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts is an important One Health goal. There are very few therapeutic options available to treat cryptosporidiosis. Interest in plant bioactive compounds to mitigate the spread of anthelmintic resistance in ruminants has led to investigation of these phytocompounds against other parasitic taxa. Condensed tannins (CTs) are plant secondary metabolites that have shown potential against nematodes in vitro and in vivo but their applicability to Cryptosporidium spp. is comparatively under-explored. Cryptosporidium parvum infected human ileocecal colorectal adenocarcinoma (HCT)-8 cell cultures were treated with escalating doses of highly purified and well-characterized CTs from five plant species, big trefoil (Lotus pedunculatus), black currant (Ribes nigrum), sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia), white clover (Trifolium repens) and grapeseed (Vitis vinifera) for 44 h. Quantitative-PCR (qPCR) analysis revealed that none of the CTs examined demonstrated inhibitory potential against the parasite. Substantial inhibition of C. parvum by paromomycin was observed in positive controls in all assays (76.94-90.72% inhibition), proving the validity of the assay. Despite the lack of inhibition, these results represent an important step towards identifying alternative treatment options against this parasite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian David Woolsey
- Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Department of Animal Health and Food Safety, Elizabeth Stephansens Vei, 1433As, Norway.
| | - Wayne E Zeller
- U.S. Dairy and Forage Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 1925 Linden Drive, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | | | - Øivind Øines
- Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Department of Animal Health and Food Safety, Elizabeth Stephansens Vei, 1433As, Norway
| | - Heidi L Enemark
- Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Department of Animal Health and Food Safety, Elizabeth Stephansens Vei, 1433As, Norway
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19
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Poulopoulou I, Horgan MJ, Siewert B, Siller M, Palmieri L, Martinidou E, Martens S, Fusani P, Temml V, Stuppner H, Gauly M. In vitro evaluation of the effects of methanolic plant extracts on the embryonation rate of Ascaridia galli eggs. Vet Res Commun 2022; 47:409-419. [PMID: 35727416 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-022-09958-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The present study aims to find efficient alternatives to synthetic anthelmintics among ethno-veterinary herbs. Ascaridia galli eggs isolated from the worm uterus were exposed in vitro to methanolic extracts (ME) of nine plant species such as Achillea millefolium (AM), Artemisia absinthium (AA), Artemisia vulgaris (AV), Cicerbita alpina (CA), Cichorium intybus (CI), Inula helenium (IH), Origanum vulgare (OV), Tanacetum vulgare (TV), Tanacetum parthenium (TP). Flubendazole (FL), 0.5% formalin with dimethylsulfoxide and Petri dishes without the addition of reagents were used as positive, negative and untreated control respectively. The effects of the different ME at concentrations 0.500, 0.325, 0.200 mg/ml were assessed on the embryonic development (ED) of the eggs in duplicate. Logit analysis was used to calculate EC50 values. A generalized linear mixed model, having plant species and concentration as fixed effect and day as repeated measure, was used to determine differences in ED. Estimated EC50 was the lowest for FL at 0.11 mg/ml. CA and TV followed with 0.27 mg/ml and 0.32 mg/ml. ED for FL was significantly lower (25%) than that of CA (47%). The analysis showed 0.5 mg/ml of the ME of CA and TV significantly affected the ED at 35% and 42% inhibitions respectively. The ED for all ME showed similar pattern i.e., relatively higher efficacy in the first experimental week compared to the rest of the experimental period. The effect from all multicomponent extracts is time and dose dependent. The plants have promising results in inhibiting ED, contributing to the identification of alternative anthelmintic treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Poulopoulou
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bolzano, Piazza Università 5, 39100, Bolzano, Italy. .,Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bozen - Bolzano, Universitätsplatz 5, 39100, Bolzano, Italy.
| | - Mark James Horgan
- Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmacognosy, Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, University of Innsbruck, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Bianka Siewert
- Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmacognosy, Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, University of Innsbruck, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Michaela Siller
- Research and Innovation Center, Edmund Mach Foundation, Via E. Mach 1 38010 - San Michele all'Adige, Trento, Italy
| | - Luisa Palmieri
- Research and Innovation Center, Edmund Mach Foundation, Via E. Mach 1 38010 - San Michele all'Adige, Trento, Italy
| | - Eftychia Martinidou
- Research and Innovation Center, Edmund Mach Foundation, Via E. Mach 1 38010 - San Michele all'Adige, Trento, Italy
| | - Stefan Martens
- Research and Innovation Center, Edmund Mach Foundation, Via E. Mach 1 38010 - San Michele all'Adige, Trento, Italy
| | - Pietro Fusani
- Consiglio Per La Ricerca in Agricoltura E L'analisi Dell'economia Agraria, Centro Di Ricerca Foreste E Legno, piazza Nicolini 6 loc. Villazzano, 38123, Trento, Italy
| | - Veronika Temml
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Strubergasse 21, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Hermann Stuppner
- Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmacognosy, Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, University of Innsbruck, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Matthias Gauly
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bolzano, Piazza Università 5, 39100, Bolzano, Italy
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20
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Rashmi H, Negi P. Utilization of over matured fruit waste of Spine gourd (Momordica dioca Roxb.) as a source of anthelmintic bioactive constituents. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.101676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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21
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Negrel L, Baltenweck R, Demangeat G, Le Bohec-Dorner F, Rustenholz C, Velt A, Gertz C, Bieler E, Dürrenberger M, Gombault P, Hugueney P, Lemaire O. Comparative Metabolomic Analysis of Four Fabaceae and Relationship to In Vitro Nematicidal Activity against Xiphinema index. Molecules 2022; 27:3052. [PMID: 35630529 PMCID: PMC9146138 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27103052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV), responsible for fanleaf degeneration, is spread in vineyards by the soil nematode Xiphinema index. Nematicide molecules were used to limit the spread of the disease until they were banned due to negative environmental impacts. Therefore, there is a growing interest in alternative methods, including plant-derived products with antagonistic effects to X. index. In this work, we evaluated the nematicidal potential of the aerial parts and roots of four Fabaceae: sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia), birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus), sweet clover (Melilotus albus), and red clover (Trifolium pratense), as well as that of sainfoin-based commercial pellets. For all tested plants, either aerial or root parts, or both of them, exhibited a nematicidal effect on X. index in vitro, pellets being as effective as freshly harvested plants. Comparative metabolomic analyses did not reveal molecules or molecule families specifically associated with antagonistic properties toward X. index, suggesting that the nematicidal effect is the result of a combination of different molecules rather than associated with a single compound. Finally, scanning electron microscope observations did not reveal the visible impact of O. viciifolia extract on X. index cuticle, suggesting that alteration of the cuticle may not be the primary cause of their nematicidal effect.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Raymonde Baltenweck
- Santé de la Vigne et Qualité du Vin, INRAE, Université de Strasbourg, 68000 Colmar, France; (R.B.); (G.D.); (F.L.B.-D.); (C.R.); (A.V.); (C.G.); (P.H.); (O.L.)
| | - Gerard Demangeat
- Santé de la Vigne et Qualité du Vin, INRAE, Université de Strasbourg, 68000 Colmar, France; (R.B.); (G.D.); (F.L.B.-D.); (C.R.); (A.V.); (C.G.); (P.H.); (O.L.)
| | - Françoise Le Bohec-Dorner
- Santé de la Vigne et Qualité du Vin, INRAE, Université de Strasbourg, 68000 Colmar, France; (R.B.); (G.D.); (F.L.B.-D.); (C.R.); (A.V.); (C.G.); (P.H.); (O.L.)
| | - Camille Rustenholz
- Santé de la Vigne et Qualité du Vin, INRAE, Université de Strasbourg, 68000 Colmar, France; (R.B.); (G.D.); (F.L.B.-D.); (C.R.); (A.V.); (C.G.); (P.H.); (O.L.)
| | - Amandine Velt
- Santé de la Vigne et Qualité du Vin, INRAE, Université de Strasbourg, 68000 Colmar, France; (R.B.); (G.D.); (F.L.B.-D.); (C.R.); (A.V.); (C.G.); (P.H.); (O.L.)
| | - Claude Gertz
- Santé de la Vigne et Qualité du Vin, INRAE, Université de Strasbourg, 68000 Colmar, France; (R.B.); (G.D.); (F.L.B.-D.); (C.R.); (A.V.); (C.G.); (P.H.); (O.L.)
| | - Eva Bieler
- Nano Imaging Laboratory, Swiss Nanoscience Institute, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50/70, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland; (E.B.); (M.D.)
| | - Markus Dürrenberger
- Nano Imaging Laboratory, Swiss Nanoscience Institute, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50/70, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland; (E.B.); (M.D.)
| | | | - Philippe Hugueney
- Santé de la Vigne et Qualité du Vin, INRAE, Université de Strasbourg, 68000 Colmar, France; (R.B.); (G.D.); (F.L.B.-D.); (C.R.); (A.V.); (C.G.); (P.H.); (O.L.)
| | - Olivier Lemaire
- Santé de la Vigne et Qualité du Vin, INRAE, Université de Strasbourg, 68000 Colmar, France; (R.B.); (G.D.); (F.L.B.-D.); (C.R.); (A.V.); (C.G.); (P.H.); (O.L.)
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22
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Evaluation of in vitro methods of anthelmintic efficacy testing against Ascaridia galli. J Helminthol 2022; 96:e29. [PMID: 35437126 DOI: 10.1017/s0022149x22000177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
To investigate methods for in vitro assessment of anthelmintic efficacy against the chicken nematode Ascaridia galli this study firstly evaluated sample preparation methods including recovery of eggs from excreta using different flotation fluids and induced larval hatching by the deshelling-centrifugation method and the glass-bead method with or without bile. It then evaluated two in vitro assays, the in-ovo larval development assay (LDA) and larval migration inhibition assay (LMIA), for anthelmintic efficacy testing against A. galli using fresh eggs and artificially hatched larvae, respectively. Four anthelmintics, thiabendazole (TBZ), fenbendazole (FBZ), levamisole (LEV) and piperazine (PIP) were employed using an A. galli isolate of known susceptibility. The results suggested that the LDA and LMIA could successfully be used to generate concentration response curves for the tested drugs. The LDA provided EC50 values for inhibition of egg embryonation of 0.084 and 0.071 μg/ml for TBZ and FBZ, respectively. In the LMIA, the values of effective concentration (EC50) of TBZ, FBZ, LEV and PIP were 105.9, 6.32, 349.9 and 6.78 × 107 nM, respectively. For such in vitro studies, a saturated sugar solution showed high egg recovery efficiency (67.8%) and yielded eggs of the highest morphological quality (98.1%) and subsequent developmental ability (93.3%). The larval hatching assays evaluated did not differ in hatching efficiency but the deshelling-centrifugation method yielded larvae that had slightly better survival rates. For final standardization of these tests and establishment of EC50 reference values, tests using isolates of A. galli of defined resistance status need to be performed.
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23
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Charlier J, Bartley DJ, Sotiraki S, Martinez-Valladares M, Claerebout E, von Samson-Himmelstjerna G, Thamsborg SM, Hoste H, Morgan ER, Rinaldi L. Anthelmintic resistance in ruminants: challenges and solutions. ADVANCES IN PARASITOLOGY 2022; 115:171-227. [PMID: 35249662 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apar.2021.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Anthelmintic resistance (AR) is a growing concern for effective parasite control in farmed ruminants globally. Combatting AR will require intensified and integrated research efforts in the development of innovative diagnostic tests to detect helminth infections and AR, sustainable anthelmintic treatment strategies and the development of complementary control approaches such as vaccination and plant-based control. It will also require a better understanding of socio-economic drivers of anthelmintic treatment decisions, in order to support a behavioural shift and develop targeted communication strategies that promote the uptake of evidence-based sustainable solutions. Here, we review the state-of-the-art in these different fields of research activity related to AR in helminths of livestock ruminants in Europe and beyond. We conclude that in the advent of new challenges and solutions emerging from continuing spread of AR and intensified research efforts, respectively, there is a strong need for transnational multi-actor initiatives. These should involve all key stakeholders to develop indicators of infection and sustainable control, set targets and promote good practices to achieve them.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - D J Bartley
- Disease Control, Moredun Research Institute, Penicuik, United Kingdom
| | - S Sotiraki
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hellenic Agricultural Organisation ELGO-DIMITRA, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - M Martinez-Valladares
- Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-Universidad de León), Departamento de Sanidad Animal, León, Spain
| | - E Claerebout
- Ghent University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Laboratory of Parasitology, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - G von Samson-Himmelstjerna
- Institute for Parasitology and Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Centre for Resistance Research, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - S M Thamsborg
- Veterinary Parasitology, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - H Hoste
- INRAE, UMR 1225 IHAP INRAE/ENVT, Toulouse University, Toulouse, France
| | - E R Morgan
- Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - L Rinaldi
- University of Naples Federico II, Unit of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, CREMOPAR, Napoli, Italy.
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24
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Impact of Sainfoin ( Onobrychis viciifolia) Pellets on Parasitological Status, Antibody Responses, and Antioxidant Parameters in Lambs Infected with Haemonchus contortus. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11030301. [PMID: 35335625 PMCID: PMC8954349 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11030301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Our study analyzed the parasitological status, antibody responses, and antioxidant parameters of lambs experimentally infected with a gastrointestinal nematode during the consumption of sainfoin pellets (SFPs) for 14 d. Twenty-four lambs infected with Haemonchus contortus were separated into two groups: untreated animals (control) and animals treated with SFPs (600 g dry matter/d). SFP treatment began on day (D) 30 post-infection. The number of eggs per gram (EPG) of feces was quantified on D18, D23, D26, D30, D33, D37, D40, and D44. The mean reductions in EPG on D40 and D44 were 33.6 and 36.7%, respectively. The number of abomasal worms was lower for the SFP than the control group (p < 0.05). SFP treatment did not significantly affect either the total or the local antibody response (p > 0.05). The blood activity of glutathione peroxidase was affected by the treatment (p < 0.022). Adult worms were selected for scanning electron microscopy after necropsy, but surface structures of adult H. contortus females did not differ between the groups. The treatment of lambs with SFPs directly affected the dynamics of infection, probably indirectly by mobilizing the antioxidant defensive system and antibody response thus improving animal resistance.
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25
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Evaluation of Antioxidant, Cytotoxic, Anti-Inflammatory, Antiarthritic, Thrombolytic, and Anthelmintic Activity of Methanol Extract of Lepidagathis hyalina Nees Root. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:2515260. [PMID: 35211179 PMCID: PMC8863439 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2515260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Lepidagathis hyalina Nees is an ethnomedicinally potential Asian herb, locally used to treat cardiovascular diseases and coughs. The study was intended to evaluate qualitative and quantitative investigation to ensure numerous pharmacological properties of methanol extracts of L. hyalina Ness root (MELHR). MELHR manifested strong radical scavenging activity in the reducing power and DPPH (1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) assays, and phenol and flavonoid in the quantitative assays. In the study of the thrombolytic assay, MELHR showed moderate explicit percentage of clot lysis (29.39 ± 1.40%) with moderate (135.35 µg/mL) toxic properties. The in vitro anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by the inhibition of hypotonicity-induced RBC hemolysis, whereas the plant extract exhibited a significant (pp ˂ 0.005) dose-dependent inhibition and the highest inhibition was found 55.01 ± 3.22% at 1000 µg/mL concentration. Moreover, the MELHR also showed significant (p < 0.005) dose-dependent potentiality on protein denaturation which is considered as antiarthritic activity, and the peak inhibition was found significant (71.97 ± 2.71%) at 1000 µg/mL concentration. MELHR also exhibited the dose-dependent and statistically significant anthelmintic potential on aquarium worm (Tubifex tubifex). So, the present investigation suggests that L. hyalina could be the best choice for the management of cardiovascular, inflammation, arthritis, and anthelmintic diseases. Further investigation should be necessary to determine behind the mechanism of bioactivity and therapeutic potential of this plant.
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26
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Amphimas pterocarpoides harms.: An Evaluation of flavonoid and phenolic contents, wound healing, anthelmintic and antioxidant activities of the leaves and stem bark. Heliyon 2021; 7:e08261. [PMID: 34765780 PMCID: PMC8569476 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study evaluated the wound healing, anthelmintic and antioxidant potentials of crude methanol extracts and fractions (petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and methanol) of the leaves and stem bark of Amphimas pterocarpoides. Wound healing activity was determined by the dermal excision model in rats; anthelmintic activity was evaluated by the adult worm motility test using the adult Indian worm, Pheretima postuma. Total flavonoid, phenolic content and antioxidant activity were assessed by the aluminum chloride colorimetric, Folin Ciocalteu, 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) assays respectively. HPLC/UV fingerprints were developed for quality control. The maximum amount of phenolics and flavonoids were detected in the methanol fractions of the stem bark (225.0 ± 20.0 mg/g gallic acid equivalent (GAE) and 201.0 ± 1.41 mg/g quercetin equivalent (QCE) respectively) and leaves (84.54 ± 1.36 mg/g GAE and 130.7 ± 1.71 mg/g QCE, respectively). Both leaf and bark displayed remarkable free radical scavenging and TAC with the highest effect given by the methanol fractions. Significant (p < 0.05) wound contraction was achieved by topical application of the leaf (APL) and stem bark (APS) ointments (5-15%) with >90 % wound surface closure for 1% silver sulphadiazine, APS 15% and APL 10% treated groups by day 15. APL and APS demonstrated a concentration- and time-dependent paralysis and mortality of the P. posthuma with APL (6.25 mg/mL) causing worm paralysis at 82.60 min and death at 93 min, better than 10 mg/mL albendazole (paralysis at 76.30 min; death at 117 min). Tannins, triterpenoids, phytosterols, flavonoids, saponins and coumarins were detected in the leaves and bark. The results have proven the potential of A. pterocarpoides as a wound healing and anthelmintic agent, giving scientific credence to its use in traditional medicine.
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27
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Verma S, Salminen JP, Taube F, Malisch CS. Large Inter- and Intraspecies Variability of Polyphenols and Proanthocyanidins in Eight Temperate Forage Species Indicates Potential for Their Exploitation as Nutraceuticals. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:12445-12455. [PMID: 34662108 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c03898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Substantial efforts have been made in incorporating tannin-rich forages into grassland-based livestock production systems. However, the structural and functional diversity of tannins in different species limits their potential use at the field scale. We conducted a greenhouse experiment with 17 cultivars from 8 forage species and their cultivars. Ultraperformance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry was used to analyze their polyphenolic profile and proanthocyanidin (PA) structural features in leaves. Our results highlight large inter- and intraspecies variability of plants in terms of polyphenol and tannin concentrations in the leaves. A concomitant and significant variation was also registered in the structural features of PA-rich forages such as the mean degree of polymerization and prodelphinidin percentage. The concentration of PA also varied within plant organs; the highest concentration was in flowers, but leaves had the highest contribution to harvestable PA biomass. Our research highlights that identifying these variations helps in identifying the representativeness of bioactivity and provides the basis for targeted breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supriya Verma
- Grass and Forage Science/Organic Agriculture, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Juha-Pekka Salminen
- Natural Chemistry Research Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, Vatselankatu 2, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Friedhelm Taube
- Grass and Forage Science/Organic Agriculture, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, 24118 Kiel, Germany
- Grass Based Dairy Systems, Animal Production Systems Group, Wageningen University (WUR), 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Carsten S Malisch
- Grass and Forage Science/Organic Agriculture, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, 24118 Kiel, Germany
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28
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Kendall N, Smith J, Whistance L, Stergiadis S, Stoate C, Chesshire H, Smith A. Trace element composition of tree fodder and potential nutritional use for livestock. Livest Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2021.104560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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29
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Blomstrand BM, Enemark HL, Øines Ø, Steinshamn H, Aasen IM, Mahnert KC, Sørheim KM, Athanasiadou S, Thamsborg SM, Woolsey ID. Extracts of pine bark (Pinus sylvestris) inhibit Cryptosporidium parvum growth in cell culture. Parasitol Res 2021; 120:2919-2927. [PMID: 34269871 PMCID: PMC8370916 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-021-07220-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The widespread apicomplexan parasite Cryptosporidium parvum is responsible for severe gastrointestinal disease in humans and animals. The treatment options are limited, and the efficacy of available drugs is low. Bark contains condensed tannins (CT), which are bioactive compounds previously shown to inhibit parasite development. Here, we examined the anti-cryptosporidial properties of bark extract of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) against C. parvum by means of an in vitro growth inhibition test. We hypothesised that bark extracts would have dose-dependent inhibitory effects on the development of C. parvum in cell culture. Bark extracts from Scots pine extracted with acetone, methanol, and water as solvents were investigated using human colorectal adenocarcinoma cells infected with C. parvum. Oocysts were inoculated onto the cell monolayer and bark extract was added at seven different concentrations. Parasite growth inhibition was quantified by qPCR. The acetone and methanol extracts demonstrated a sigmoid dose-dependent inhibition of C. parvum. The IC50 values were 244.6 and 279.1 µg dry matter extract/mL, and 25.4 and 24.1 µg CT/mL, for acetone and methanol extracts, respectively. The IC50 for both extracts were similar, both with regard to the dry matter concentration of each extract and to CT concentrations. Given the limited treatment options available for Cryptosporidium spp., the evidence generated in our study encourages further investigation into the in vitro and in vivo effects of pine bark extracts against C. parvum.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Heidi Larsen Enemark
- Department of Animal Health and Food Safety, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Oslo, Norway
| | - Øivind Øines
- Department of Animal Health and Food Safety, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Oslo, Norway
| | - Håvard Steinshamn
- Division of Food Production and Society, Grassland and Livestock, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Tingvoll, Norway
| | - Inga Marie Aasen
- SINTEF Industry, Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, Trondheim, Norway
| | | | | | | | - Stig Milan Thamsborg
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Ian David Woolsey
- Department of Animal Health and Food Safety, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Oslo, Norway.
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30
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Athanasiadou S, Almvik M, Hellström J, Madland E, Simic N, Steinshamn H. Chemical Analysis and Anthelmintic Activity Against Teladorsagia Circumcincta of Nordic Bark Extracts In vitro. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:666924. [PMID: 34150887 PMCID: PMC8212057 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.666924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Helminth parasitic infections are common in small ruminants in Norway; infection is usually treated with anthelmintic drugs, but anthelmintic resistance is an increasing problem. It is necessary to identify strategies to reduce the use of anthelmintic drugs and mitigate the impact of anthelmintic resistance. Condensed tannin (CT)-rich forages have been shown to reduce the helminth burden in small ruminants, but these forages have limited cultivation potential in Scandinavia. A good source for CT in cold climatic regions may be the bark of several commercially utilized tree species. In the present study, we determined the content and characterized the type of CT in bark extracts of pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), spruce (Picea abies L.), and birch (Betula pubescens). Extracts of selected bark samples were tested for their anthelmintic efficacy against the ovine infectious nematode Teladorsagia circumcincta. Total CT content was higher in the bark from younger (10–40 years old) pine and spruce trees; it decreased with tree age in pine, whereas it remained relatively stable in the bark of spruce and birch. Pine trees consisted of 100% procyanidins, whereas prodelphinins were present in most spruce (4–17%) and all birch samples (5–34%). Our studies clearly showed that there is variation in the anthelmintic activity of water and acetone extracts of bark samples collected from various sites around Norway, as this was measured with two independent in vitro assays, the egg hatch and larvae motility assays. The anthelmintic activity of some extracts was consistent between the two assays; for example, extracts from the three samples with the highest CT content showed very high activity in both assays, whereas the extract from the sample with the lowest CT content showed the lowest activity in both assays. For other extracts, activity was not consistent across the assays, which could be attributed to the susceptibility of the different stages of the parasitic life cycle. We demonstrated that bark extracts from commercially used trees in Scandinavia have the potential to be used as alternatives to anthelmintics. Further work should focus on refining the associations between bark extracts and anthelmintic activity to identify the best strategies to reduce the input of anthelmintic drugs in livestock production systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marit Almvik
- NIBIO Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Ås, Norway
| | | | - Eva Madland
- Department of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Nebojsa Simic
- Department of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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31
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Examining the Variables Leading to Apparent Incongruity between Antimethanogenic Potential of Tannins and Their Observed Effects in Ruminants—A Review. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13052743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, several secondary plant metabolites have been identified that possess antimethanogenic properties. Tannin-rich forages have the potential to reduce methane emissions in ruminants while also increasing their nutrient use efficiency and promoting overall animal health. However, results have been highly inconclusive to date, with their antimethanogenic potential and effects on both animal performance and nutrition being highly variable even within a plant species. This variability is attributed to the structural characteristics of the tannins, many of which have been linked to an increased antimethanogenic potential. However, these characteristics are seldom considered in ruminant nutrition studies—often because the analytical techniques are inadequate to identify tannin structure and the focus is mostly on total tannin concentrations. Hence, in this article, we (i) review previous research that illustrate the variability of the antimethanogenic potential of forages; (ii) identify the source of inconsistencies behind these results; and (iii) discuss how these could be optimized to generate comparable and repeatable results. By adhering to this roadmap, we propose that there are clear links between plant metabolome and physiology and their antimethanogenic potential that can be established with the ultimate goal of improving the sustainable intensification of livestock.
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32
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Andersen-Civil AIS, Arora P, Williams AR. Regulation of Enteric Infection and Immunity by Dietary Proanthocyanidins. Front Immunol 2021; 12:637603. [PMID: 33717185 PMCID: PMC7943737 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.637603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of dietary components in immune function has acquired considerable attention in recent years. An important focus area is to unravel the role of bioactive dietary compounds in relation to enteric disease and their impact on gut mucosal immunity. Proanthocyanidins (PAC) are among the most common and most consumed dietary polyphenols, and are characterised by their variable molecular structures and diverse bioactivities. In particular, their anti-oxidative effects and ability to modulate gut microbiota have been widely described. However, there is limited evidence on the mechanism of action of PAC on the immune system, nor is it clearly established how PAC may influence susceptibility to enteric infections. Establishing the sites of action of PAC and their metabolites within the gut environment is fundamental to determine the applicability of PAC against enteric pathogens. Some mechanistic studies have shown that PAC have direct modulatory effects on immune cell signalling, isolated pathogens, and gut mucosal barrier integrity. Boosting the recruitment of immune cells and suppressing the amount of pro-inflammatory cytokines are modulating factors regulated by PAC, and can either be beneficial or detrimental in the course of re-establishing gut homeostasis. Herein, we review how PAC may alter distinct immune responses towards enteric bacterial, viral and parasitic infections, and how the modulation of gut microbiota may act as a mediating factor. Furthermore, we discuss how future studies could help unravel the role of PAC in preventing and/or alleviating intestinal inflammation and dysbiosis caused by enteric disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey I S Andersen-Civil
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Pankaj Arora
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Andrew R Williams
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Frederiksberg, Denmark
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33
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Abdullahi SA, Unyah NZ, Nordin N, Basir R, Nasir WM, Alapid AA, Hassan Y, Mustapha T, Majid RA. Phytochemicals and Potential Therapeutic Targets on Toxoplasma gondii Parasite. Mini Rev Med Chem 2021; 20:739-753. [PMID: 31660810 DOI: 10.2174/1389557519666191029105736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Identification of drug target in protozoan T. gondii is an important step in the development of chemotherapeutic agents. Likewise, exploring phytochemical compounds effective against the parasite can lead to the development of new drug agent that can be useful for prophylaxis and treatment of toxoplasmosis. In this review, we searched for the relevant literature on the herbs that were tested against T. gondii either in vitro or in vivo, as well as different phytochemicals and their potential activities on T. gondii. Potential activities of major phytochemicals, such as alkaloid, flavonoid, terpenoids and tannins on various target sites on T. gondii as well as other related parasites was discussed. It is believed that the phytochemicals from natural sources are potential drug candidates for the treatment of toxoplasmosis with little or no toxicity to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharif Alhassan Abdullahi
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra, Selangor, Malaysia.,Faculty of Clinical Sciences, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria
| | - Ngah Zasmy Unyah
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Noshariza Nordin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rusliza Basir
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Wana Mohammed Nasir
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra, Selangor, Malaysia.,Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, Nigeria
| | - Ashraf Ahmad Alapid
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra, Selangor, Malaysia.,Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science-Alassaba, University of Gharyan, Gharyan, Libya
| | - Yahaya Hassan
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra, Selangor, Malaysia.,Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Bayero University Kano, Nigeria
| | - Tijjani Mustapha
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra, Selangor, Malaysia.,Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Yobe State University, Damaturi, Nigeria
| | - Roslaini Abd Majid
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra, Selangor, Malaysia
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34
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Saratsi K, Hoste H, Voutzourakis N, Tzanidakis N, Stefanakis A, Thamsborg SM, Mueller-Harvey I, Hadjigeorgiou I, Sotiraki S. Feeding of carob (Ceratonia siliqua) to sheep infected with gastrointestinal nematodes reduces faecal egg counts and worm fecundity. Vet Parasitol 2020; 284:109200. [PMID: 32871390 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2020.109200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The present study explored the anthelmintic effects of condensed tannins (CT) in carob (Ceratonia siliqua) pods fed to sheep against gastrointestinal nematodes. Three independent in vivo trials tested whether i) carob pod (CaBP)-containing feed had an anthelmintic effect and if yes, which was the optimal concentration in the diet; ii) whether this effect could be attributed to tannins through the polyethylene glycol (PEG) test and iii) whether there were any synergistic effects when combined with another tannin-containing feed (e.g. sainfoin). In all trials 6-month old nematode-naive lambs, experimentally infected with both Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongylus colubriformis, were used. Faecal egg counts (FEC) were performed regularly and at the end of each trial adult worm counts (AWC) and female worm fecundity were recorded. In trial 1, 35 lambs (five groups of seven lambs) were fed different CaBP concentrations ranging from 0% to 12 % w/w. FEC declined up to 39.2 % only in the group fed with 12 %CaBP, while a declining trend (P < 0.06) was demonstrated for the AWC of T. colubriformis, which was associated with the increasing concentration of CaBP in feed. Female worm fecundity was reduced in groups fed CaBP for both parasites, however this was only significant for H. contortus (P < 0.001), in a dose dependent manner. In trial 2, four groups of six infected lambs each were used, which received the carob diets CaBP or CaBP + PEG, and the tannin-free diets with or without PEG (C or C + PEG). Results showed that FEC of Groups C, C + PEG, and CaBP + PEG were comparable throughout the trial, while the group receiving only CaBP showed lower FEC from DAY 25 onwards. AWC showed a reduction (67.7 %) only for H. contortus (P < 0.03). Reversal of the anthelmintic effect of CaBP after PEG administration suggested that CT contributed to the anthelmintic action. However, no effect of CaBP was observed on T. colubriformis AWC and on female worm fecundity for both species. Finally, for trial 3 four groups of six lambs each received a diet based on CaBP, sainfoin (S) or a combination (CaBP + S) and were compared to a control (C) diet of lucerne. On DAY 37 FEC values in groups CaBP + S and S tended to be lower compared to the two other groups (C, CaBP), while for AWCs no significant differences were observed for both parasites. The fecundity of H. contortus and T. colubriformis demonstrated significant differences between the treated and control groups, with lower values in the animals receiving CaBP + S. Overall, the results supported the hypothesis that carob had an anthelmintic effect due to its CT, but there was no clear indication of a synergistic effect with sainfoin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Saratsi
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hellenic Agricultural Organization-Demeter, Thermi, 57001, Thessaloniki, Greece; Department of Nutritional Physiology and Feeding, Faculty of Animal Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855, Athens, Greece.
| | - Hervé Hoste
- INRAE, UMR 1225 IHAP, 23 Chemin des Capelles, Toulouse, F-31076, France; Université de Toulouse, ENVT, 23 Chemin des Capelles, Toulouse, F-31076, France
| | - Nikolaos Voutzourakis
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hellenic Agricultural Organization-Demeter, Thermi, 57001, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Tzanidakis
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hellenic Agricultural Organization-Demeter, Thermi, 57001, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Alexandros Stefanakis
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hellenic Agricultural Organization-Demeter, Thermi, 57001, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Stig Milan Thamsborg
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Irene Mueller-Harvey
- School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, P.O. Box 236, 1 Earley Gate, Reading, RG6 6AT, UK
| | - Ioannis Hadjigeorgiou
- Department of Nutritional Physiology and Feeding, Faculty of Animal Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855, Athens, Greece
| | - Smaragda Sotiraki
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hellenic Agricultural Organization-Demeter, Thermi, 57001, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Malisch CS, Lewandowski L, Salminen JP, Taube F, Lüscher A. Low Concentrations of Protein- and Fiber-Bound Proanthocyanidins in Sainfoin ( Onobrychis viciifolia) Are Stable across Accessions, Growth Stages, and Drought Conditions. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:7369-7377. [PMID: 32574046 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c01540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Proanthocyanidins (PAs) in forages may be present in either soluble (S-PA) or non-extractable (NE-PA) form. Despite potential benefits of the NE-PA in ruminant nutrition, few studies have analyzed NE-PA in forages. This study examined the impact of a range of conditions on S-PA as well as protein- and fiber-bound PA (the NE-PA fractions) in sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia). Thus, five sainfoin accessions in either generative or vegetative stage were subjected to drought for 18 weeks and sampled repeatedly for PA analysis. Drought-stressed plants increased S-PAs on average by 59% across all accessions yet only in the vegetative stage. In contrast, NE-PA concentrations were generally lower (on average 15% of the total PAs) and unaffected by drought. Thus, for sainfoin, the low and stable concentration of NE-PAs across accessions, growth stages, and drought conditions should have a low, predictable impact on the future sainfoin analyses and feeding studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten S Malisch
- Grass and Forage Science/Organic Agriculture, Institute of Crop Science and Plant Breeding, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Hermann-Rodewald Straße 9, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Lasse Lewandowski
- Grass and Forage Science/Organic Agriculture, Institute of Crop Science and Plant Breeding, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Hermann-Rodewald Straße 9, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Juha-Pekka Salminen
- Natural Chemistry Research Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, Vatselankatu 2, 20500 Turku, Finland
| | - Friedhelm Taube
- Grass and Forage Science/Organic Agriculture, Institute of Crop Science and Plant Breeding, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Hermann-Rodewald Straße 9, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Andreas Lüscher
- Forage Production and Grassland Systems, Agroscope, Reckenholzstrasse 191, 8046 Zürich, Switzerland
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Suvanto J, Karppinen K, Riihinen K, Jaakola L, Salminen JP. Changes in the Proanthocyanidin Composition and Related Gene Expression in Bilberry ( Vaccinium myrtillus L.) Tissues. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:7378-7386. [PMID: 32543188 PMCID: PMC7467716 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c02158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Berries of genus Vaccinium are rich in flavonoids and proanthocyanidins (PAs). We studied the PA composition and biosynthesis in bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) tissues and during fruit development. Soluble PAs, analyzed by UHPLC-MS/MS, were most abundant in stem and rhizome with the mean PA polymerization level varying between 4 and 6 in all tissues. Both A- and B-type PAs were present in all tissues. Procyanidin subunits were more common than prodelphinidin subunits in PAs. During fruit ripening, the amount of procyanidin subunits decreased while prodelphinidin subunits and F3'5'H expression increased, indicating a shift in biosynthesis toward the delphinidin branch of the flavonoid pathway. Epicatechin was the most abundant flavan-3-ol in all tissues. Expression of ANR and three isolated LAR genes, analyzed by qRT-PCR, showed connection to accumulation of PAs and flavan-3-ols biosynthesized from different flavonoid branches. Insoluble PAs accumulated during berry development, suggesting that PAs are not recycled after biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jussi Suvanto
- Natural Chemistry Research Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Katja Karppinen
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, NO-9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Kaisu Riihinen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Laura Jaakola
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, NO-9037 Tromsø, Norway
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), NO-1431 Ås, Norway
| | - Juha-Pekka Salminen
- Natural Chemistry Research Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
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Rinne M, Leppä MM, Kuoppala K, Koivunen E, Kahala M, Jalava T, Salminen JP, Manni K. Fermentation quality of ensiled crimped faba beans using different additives with special attention to changes in bioactive compounds. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2020.114497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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38
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Mazhangara IR, Masika PJ, Mupangwa JF, Chivandi E, Jaja IF, Muchenje V. In vitro efficacy of Elephantorrhiza elephantina root extracts against adult Paramphistomum cervi in goats. Parasite Epidemiol Control 2020; 10:e00157. [PMID: 32642567 PMCID: PMC7334405 DOI: 10.1016/j.parepi.2020.e00157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Elephantorrhiza elephantina is a medicinally important plant whose roots are used to control gastrointestinal parasites in goats. The use of plant-based anthelmintics as potential alternatives to synthetic anthelmintics in controlling gastrointestinal worms in ruminants is a promising area of research. The study was carried out to ascertain the efficacy of E. elephantina in controlling goat trematodes. Standard procedures were used to quantify the phytochemicals in the water, ethanol and methanol root extracts of E. elephantina. The quantitative phytochemical analysis revealed that alkaloids (93.24 ± 1.68%), condensed tannins (450.52 ± 0.15 mg CE/g), flavonoids (803.93 ± 0.13 mg QE/g), phenols (476.11 ± 0.37 mg GAE/g) and saponins (83.28 ± 1.72%) were present in E. elephantina root extracts. Paramphistomum cervi adult worms recovered from the rumen of freshly slaughtered goats were used. In vitro screening of ethanol, methanol and water extracts of E. elephantina for potential anthelmintic activity against adult P. cervi worm motility showed time and dose-dependent significant effects. Ethanol extracts showed a highly significant (P < 0.05) inhibition of motility (86.67 and 96.67%) at concentrations 7.5 and 15 mg/mL respectively, after 12 h of treatment, while methanol and water extracts exhibited a significant (P < 0.05) inhibition of motility (96.67 and 66.67% respectively) at concentration of 15 mg/mL 16 h post-exposure. Our findings confirm the efficacy of E. elephantina in controlling goat trematodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Rumbidzai Mazhangara
- University of Fort Hare, Department of Livestock and Pasture Science, P/Bag X1314, Alice 5700, South Africa
| | - Patrick Julius Masika
- Fort Cox College of Agriculture and Forestry, P.O. Box 2187, King William's Town, 5600, South Africa
| | - John Fisher Mupangwa
- University of Fort Hare, Department of Livestock and Pasture Science, P/Bag X1314, Alice 5700, South Africa
| | - Eliton Chivandi
- University of Witwatersrand, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa
| | - Ishmael Festus Jaja
- University of Fort Hare, Department of Livestock and Pasture Science, P/Bag X1314, Alice 5700, South Africa
| | - Voster Muchenje
- University of Fort Hare, Department of Livestock and Pasture Science, P/Bag X1314, Alice 5700, South Africa
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Anti-Inflammatory, Antioxidant, and Anthelmintic Activities of Ocimum basilicum (Sweet Basil) Fruits. J CHEM-NY 2020. [DOI: 10.1155/2020/2153534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Basil (Ocimum basilicum Linn.) is a plant that has found use in traditional medicine and household remedy against human ailments. The present study aimed at investigating hexane and ethanol fruit extracts of Ocimum basilicum Linn. for their phytoconstituents and anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anthelmintic activities. Phytochemical screenings were performed using standard protocols. Anti-inflammatory activities were assessed using the egg albumin denaturation method, while the antioxidant activities of the extracts were determined using DPPH scavenging, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) assays. In vitro anthelmintic activity of both extracts was investigated against Eudrilus eugeniae (Earthworms). Column chromatography was employed to separate the least polar fraction A, using hexane as the mobile phase, which was analyzed using FTIR analysis. The preliminary phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, phenols, saponins, glycosides, steroids, tannins, terpenoids, and flavonoids. The hexane and ethanol extracts exhibited high concentration-dependent anti-inflammatory activities, with their percentage inhibitions being 34.0 ± 0.01 and 17.6 ± 0.04 μg/mL, respectively. The hexane extract showed a higher concentration-dependent antioxidant activity (IC50 of 14.17 ± 1.15 μg/mL) compared to the ethanol extract (IC50 > 100.0 μg/mL) for the DPPH assay. The IC50 values of ethanol and hexane extracts were 623.5 ± 0.27 and >1000.0 μg/mL, respectively, for the H2O2 scavenging assay. TAC was determined to be 37.48 ± 0.09 and 18.81 ± 0.12 gAAE/100 g for ethanol and hexane extracts, respectively. Both extracts showed a higher concentration-dependent anthelmintic activity. Increasing the concentration increased the helmintic potency of the extracts. The results indicate that both hexane and ethanol extracts of Ocimum basilicum Linn. exhibit anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anthelmintic activities and support the traditional usage of this plant.
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Karonen M, Ahern JR, Legroux L, Suvanto J, Engström MT, Sinkkonen J, Salminen JP, Hoste H. Ellagitannins Inhibit the Exsheathment of Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongylus colubriformis Larvae: The Efficiency Increases Together with the Molecular Size. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:4176-4186. [PMID: 32181655 PMCID: PMC7146859 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b06774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Worldwide, parasitic gastrointestinal nematodes continue to threaten animal health, welfare, and production in outdoor breeding systems of small ruminants. For more than 50 years, the control of these parasitic worms has relied on the use of commercial synthetic anthelmintics. However, anthelmintic resistance in worm populations is nowadays widespread and requires novel solutions. The use of tannin-rich plants has been suggested as an alternative to synthetic anthelmintics to control gastrointestinal nematodes. The majority of previous studies have focused on the activity of proanthocyanidins (syn condensed tannins), and less is known about ellagitannins. In this study, the effects of 30 structurally unique ellagitannins on the exsheathment of third-stage infective larvae were examined on Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongylus colubriformis by the in vitro larval exsheathment inhibition assay. Ellagitannins were found to be promising natural anthelmintics as they showed direct inhibition on larval exsheathment for both nematode species. In general, ellagitannins were more efficient at inhibiting the exsheathment of H. contortus larvae than those of T. colubriformis. The efficiency of inhibition increased as the degree of oligomerization or the molecular weight of the ellagitannin increased. Otherwise, we found no other structural features of ellagitannins that significantly affected the anthelmintic activity on the third-stage infective larvae. The effective concentrations were physiologically relevant and should be achievable in the gastrointestinal tract also in in vivo conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maarit Karonen
- Natural
Chemistry Research Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Jeffrey R. Ahern
- Natural
Chemistry Research Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Lucie Legroux
- UMR
1225 IHAP, INRAE/ENVT, 23 Chemin des Capelles, 31076 Toulouse Cedex, France
| | - Jussi Suvanto
- Natural
Chemistry Research Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Marica T. Engström
- Natural
Chemistry Research Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Jari Sinkkonen
- Natural
Chemistry Research Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Juha-Pekka Salminen
- Natural
Chemistry Research Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Hervé Hoste
- UMR
1225 IHAP, INRAE/ENVT, 23 Chemin des Capelles, 31076 Toulouse Cedex, France
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41
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Elagib SM. Antiparasitic activity of Eichhornia crassipes leaves extract. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2020.101556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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42
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The Influence of Chestnut Wood and Flubendazole on Morphology of Small Intestine and Lymphocytes of Peripheral Blood, Spleen and Jejunum in Broiler Chickens. Helminthologia 2019; 56:273-281. [PMID: 31708667 PMCID: PMC6818629 DOI: 10.2478/helm-2019-0029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The study examined subpopulations of lymphocytes in peripheral blood, spleen, and jejunum including morphology of that segment in broiler chicken farm after treatment with flubendazole (Flimabend) and natural extract from chestnut wood (Farmatan). A total of 24 forty-day-old Kalimero-Super Master hybrid chickens were divided into 4 groups (n=6): the Fli group received Flimabend per os, 100 mg/g suspension in 1.43 mg of active substance/kg body weight during 7 day of experiment, Far group received Farmatan per os at 0.2 % concentration for 6 hours per day during 5 day (experimental days – from 3 to 7); the Far+Fli group received a combination of doses administered in the same way as for the first two groups; and control –C group with no active substance administration. The results demonstrated mild increase of leukocytes, lymphocytes, monocytes, leucocyte common antigen CD45, IgM+ and IgA+ cells in peripheral blood after administration of Flimabend. Similarly, subpopulations of followed lymphocytes (CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, IgM+) were increased in the jejunum after application of that drug. On the other hand, administration of Farmatan revealed opposite effect on determined immunocompetent cells what proves anti-inflammatory effect. Morphology of villi was also negatively influenced by administration of Flimabend. Administration of Farmatan suggests also its preventive administration in chickens. This tanin-containing drug as plant natural product may be used due to its antibacterial activity and as promising alternative to conventional drug with possible antihelminthic effect.
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43
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Herrmann FC, Spiegler V. Caenorhabditis elegans revisited by atomic force microscopy - Ultra-structural changes of the cuticle, but not in the intestine after treatment with Combretum mucronatum extract. J Struct Biol 2019; 208:174-181. [PMID: 31476367 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2019.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Assessing the internal morphology of Caenorhabditis elegans by a topographical technique like atomic force microscopy (AFM) is a challenging process. As a prerequisite for a successful image acquisition, direct contact between the structure of interest and the AFM probe needs to be established. To gain this insight into the morphology of cuticle and intestine in C. elegans before and after treatment with a tannin-enriched hydro-ethanolic extract from Combretum mucronatum, we developed an approach based on polyethylene glycol embedding, ultra-sectioning, de-embedding and hexamethyldisilazane-dehydration prior to measuring in ambient conditions by intermittent contact mode AFM. The used experimental protocol allowed a facile and fast insight into the ultrastructure of treated versus untreated C. elegans individuals, directly leading to the identification of treatment-associated morphological alterations in the cuticle but not the intestine of C. elegans. Additionally, the presented ultra-microtomy based protocol could allow future insight into virtually any tissue or organism by AFM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian C Herrmann
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology and Phytochemistry, University of Münster, Germany.
| | - Verena Spiegler
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology and Phytochemistry, University of Münster, Germany
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Li X, Jiao W, Zhang W, Xu Y, Cao J, Jiang W. Characterizing the Interactions of Dietary Condensed Tannins with Bile Salts. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:9543-9550. [PMID: 31379164 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b03985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to reveal the mechanisms underlying the interaction between condensed tannins (CTs) and bile salts. The interaction mechanism was analyzed by transmission electron microscopy, exposure to various physicochemical conditions, electrophoresis, fluorescence spectroscopy, isothermal titration calorimetry, and molecular modeling. A new complex was formed from CTs and bile salts. The complex showed a negative enthalpy change and a positive entropy change, demonstrating that the main thermodynamic driving force was both entropy and enthalpy and indicating that binding occurred through hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions. The analysis of the effects of CTs on the stability and digestion properties of bile salt emulsions indicated that CTs were able to inhibit lipid digestion to an extent. Our findings may provide evidence that foods rich in CTs offer health benefits by aggregating with bile salts and reducing the absorption of fat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangxin Li
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering , China Agricultural University , 17 Qinghuadonglu Road , Beijing 100083 , P. R. China
| | - Wenxiao Jiao
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering , China Agricultural University , 17 Qinghuadonglu Road , Beijing 100083 , P. R. China
| | - Wanli Zhang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering , China Agricultural University , 17 Qinghuadonglu Road , Beijing 100083 , P. R. China
| | - Yan Xu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering , China Agricultural University , 17 Qinghuadonglu Road , Beijing 100083 , P. R. China
| | - Jiankang Cao
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering , China Agricultural University , 17 Qinghuadonglu Road , Beijing 100083 , P. R. China
| | - Weibo Jiang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering , China Agricultural University , 17 Qinghuadonglu Road , Beijing 100083 , P. R. China
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45
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Nsereko G, Emudong P, Omujal J, Acai J, Kungu JM, Kabi F, Mugerwa S, Bugeza J. Comparison of the efficacy of crude methanolic extracts of Cassia occidentalis and Euphorbia hirta with levamisole-HCL against gastrointestinal nematodes of economic importance to goat production in Uganda. Trop Anim Health Prod 2019; 51:2269-2278. [PMID: 31152335 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-019-01939-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Natural compounds from medicinal plants provide safe and sustainable alternatives to synthetic anthelmintics. In this study, we assessed in vitro and in vivo anthelmintic activity of Cassia occidentalis (NH-A) and Euphorbia hirta (NH-B) and compared it with levamisole-HCl. The shoots of NH-A and whole plant of NH-B were used to prepare extracts using 70% methanol which were used in the in vitro and in vivo assays. In vitro assays of crude methanolic extracts (CMEs) of NH-A and NH-B on larvae of mixed gastrointestinal nematodes (GINs) of goats revealed mortalities of 95.7% (at 100 mg ml-1) and 98.1% (at 50 mgml-1) 24 h postexposure. In vivo assays of NH-A administered orally at doses of 100, 300, 900, and 2700 mg kg-1 bwt revealed dose- and time-dependent anthelmintic effects in goats experimentally infected with mixed species of GINs. NH-B exhibited similar properties when administered at doses of 50, 100, 200, and 400 mg kg-1 bwt. Both NH-A (900 mg kg-1 bwt) and levamisole (7.5 mg kg-1 bwt) achieved a 100% reduction in fecal egg count per gram (EPG) on day 21 and day 14 respectively posttreatment. NH-B (400 mg kg-1 bwt) achieved 93.1% and 86.1% reduction in fecal EPG 7 and 14 days postexposure respectively compared with 88.2% and 82.3% reduction with levamisole-HCl 7 and 14 days postexposure. Our results show that extracts of both plants can disrupt helminth lifecycles by suppressing the egg-laying capacity in adult worms but also kill their infective larvae. Future studies should aim at establishing synergies or antagonisms between the two plant extracts and further development for control of helminths in goats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Godfrey Nsereko
- National Livestock Resources Research Institute, P.O. Box 5704, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Patrick Emudong
- National Livestock Resources Research Institute, P.O. Box 5704, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Joseph Omujal
- Central Public Health Laboratory, Ministry of Health, P.O. Box 7272, Kampala, Uganda
| | - James Acai
- College of Veterinary Medicine Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Joseph M Kungu
- College of Veterinary Medicine Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Fredrick Kabi
- National Livestock Resources Research Institute, P.O. Box 5704, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Swidiq Mugerwa
- National Livestock Resources Research Institute, P.O. Box 5704, Kampala, Uganda
| | - James Bugeza
- National Livestock Resources Research Institute, P.O. Box 5704, Kampala, Uganda.
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Wahyuni S, Sunarso S, Prasetiyono BWHE, Satrija F. Exploration of anthelmintic activity of Cassia spp. extracts on gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep. J Adv Vet Anim Res 2019; 6:236-240. [PMID: 31453197 PMCID: PMC6702876 DOI: 10.5455/javar.2019.f338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to explore the phytochemical constituents and anthelmintic activities of four Cassia spp. leaves against Haemonchus contortus. Materials and Methods: The extracts were prepared from four species of Cassia spp. (C. siamea, C. fistula, C. surattensis, and C. spectabilis). Phytochemical screening of the extract was done based on the Harborne method. Evaluation of the anthelmintic activities against H. contortus was done in vitro using infective larvae (L3) migration inhibition assay (LMIA). Measurement of larvae migrating was conducted through a nylon filter with a pore size of 20 μm. The doses of Cassia spp. extract implemented were 25, 50, 100, and 200 mg/ml. Results: Tannins, alkaloids, phenol hydroquinone, flavonoids, steroids, triterpenoids, and saponins were present in all the extracts, whereas alkaloids were absent in C. fistula. No triterpenoids were found in C. surattensis and C. spectabilis. Movement of H. contortus larvae was significantly inhibited after exposure to Cassia extracts at various dosage levels (p < 0.05). The test results using LMIA on L3H. contortus showed the lowest inhibition in the negative control. Among the species of Cassia, the C. surattensis (at 200 mg/ml) showed the highest (p < 0.05) inhibition level on the larvae. The latter result corresponded to the effect of albendazole. Conclusion: Compared to other Cassia spp., C. surattensis exhibited the highest inhibition against L3H. contortus. However, the inhibition effect of C. surattensis was still lower as compared to albendazole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sri Wahyuni
- Faculty of Animal and Agricultural Sciences, University of Diponegoro (UNDIP), Jalan Prof. Soedarto, UNDIP Tembalang Campus, Semarang 50275, Indonesia.,Faculty of Animal Husbandry, University of Darul Ulum Islamic Center Sudirman (UNDARIS), Jalan Tentara Pelajar 13 Ungaran 50514, Indonesia
| | - Sunarso Sunarso
- Faculty of Animal and Agricultural Sciences, University of Diponegoro (UNDIP), Jalan Prof. Soedarto, UNDIP Tembalang Campus, Semarang 50275, Indonesia
| | - Bambang Waluyo Hadi Eko Prasetiyono
- Faculty of Animal and Agricultural Sciences, University of Diponegoro (UNDIP), Jalan Prof. Soedarto, UNDIP Tembalang Campus, Semarang 50275, Indonesia
| | - Fadjar Satrija
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, IPB University, Jalan Agatis IPB Dramaga Campus, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
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Karaffová V, Bobíková K, Levkut M, Revajová V, Ševčíková Z, Levkut M. The influence of Farmatan® and Flimabend® on the mucosal immunity of broiler chicken1. Poult Sci 2019; 98:1161-1166. [PMID: 30452711 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pey517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to monitor selected parameters of mucosal immunity in jejunum and ileum (immunoglobulin A [IgA], mucin 2 [MUC-2], and pro-inflammatory cytokines) in commercial broiler farm chicken after treatment with flubendazole (Flimabend®) and natural extract from chestnut wood (Farmatan®). A total of 24 forty-day-old Kalimero-Super Master hybrid chickens were divided into 4 groups (n = 6): the Fli group received Flimabend® per os, 100 mg/g suspension in 1.43 mg of active substance/kg body weight during 7 d of experiment; the Far group received Farmatan®per os at 0.2% concentration for 6 h/d during 5 d (experimental d 3 to 7); the Far + Fli group received a combination of doses administered in the same way as for the first two groups; and the C group represented control with no active substance administration. The concentrations of secretory IgA (sIgA) and MUC-2 and relative expression of selected immune parameters were evaluated. Our results show strong suppressive effect of the Farmatan® and Flimabend® combination on relative expression of IL-1β and IL-18 in selected parts of the intestine. On the other hand, administration of natural extract from selected chestnut wood (Farmatan®) increased expression of total IgA as well as concentration of sIgA in the studied parts of the chicken intestine. Moreover, expression and concentration of MUC-2 was positively affected by addition of Farmatan®. In contrast, 7-d administration of Flimabend® resulted in upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and decrease in IgA and MUC-2 gene expression. In conclusion, for maintenance of mucosal immunity via activation of IgA and mucin production, the long-term preventive use of Farmatan® is a suitable choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viera Karaffová
- Department of Pathological Anatomy and Pathological Physiology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, 04181 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Katarína Bobíková
- Department of Pathological Anatomy and Pathological Physiology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, 04181 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Martin Levkut
- Department of Pathological Anatomy and Pathological Physiology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, 04181 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Viera Revajová
- Department of Pathological Anatomy and Pathological Physiology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, 04181 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Zuzana Ševčíková
- Department of Pathological Anatomy and Pathological Physiology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, 04181 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Mikuláš Levkut
- Department of Pathological Anatomy and Pathological Physiology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, 04181 Košice, Slovakia.,Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Science, 845 10 Bratislava, Slovakia
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48
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Mutombo PN, Man NWY, Nejsum P, Ricketson R, Gordon CA, Robertson G, Clements ACA, Chacón-Fonseca N, Nissapatorn V, Webster JP, McLaws ML. Diagnosis and drug resistance of human soil-transmitted helminth infections: A public health perspective. ADVANCES IN PARASITOLOGY 2019; 104:247-326. [PMID: 31030770 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apar.2019.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections represent a major public health problem globally, particularly among socio-economically disadvantaged populations. Detection of STH infections is often challenging, requiring a combination of diagnostic techniques to achieve acceptable sensitivity and specificity, particularly in low infection-intensity situations. The microscopy-based Kato-Katz remains the most widely used method but has low sensitivity in the detection of, for instance, Strongyloides spp. infections, among others. Antigen/antibody assays can be more sensitive but are parasite species-specific. Highly sensitive PCR methods have been developed to be multiplexed to allow multi-species detection. Novel diagnostic tests for all STH species are needed for effective monitoring, evaluation of chemotherapy programmes, and to assess the potential emergence of parasite resistance. This review discusses available diagnostic methods for the different stages of STH control programmes, which vary in sensitivity and spectrum of detection requirements, and tools to evaluate drug efficacy and resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polydor Ngoy Mutombo
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, UNSW Medicine, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Centre for Biomedical Research, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Nicola W Y Man
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Peter Nejsum
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Robert Ricketson
- Hale O'mana'o Biomedical Research, Division of Emerging Pathogens, Edmond, OK, United States
| | - Catherine A Gordon
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, Infectious Diseases Division, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Gemma Robertson
- Public and Environmental Health, Forensic and Scientific Services, Department of Health, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Nathalie Chacón-Fonseca
- Soil-Transmitted Helminths Section, Tropical Medicine Institute, Tropical Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Central University of Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Veeranoot Nissapatorn
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand; Research Excellence Center for Innovation and Health Products (RECIHP), Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
| | - Joanne P Webster
- Centre for Emerging, Endemic and Exotic Diseases (CEEED), Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mary-Louise McLaws
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, UNSW Medicine, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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49
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Morgan ER, Aziz NAA, Blanchard A, Charlier J, Charvet C, Claerebout E, Geldhof P, Greer AW, Hertzberg H, Hodgkinson J, Höglund J, Hoste H, Kaplan RM, Martínez-Valladares M, Mitchell S, Ploeger HW, Rinaldi L, von Samson-Himmelstjerna G, Sotiraki S, Schnyder M, Skuce P, Bartley D, Kenyon F, Thamsborg SM, Vineer HR, de Waal T, Williams AR, van Wyk JA, Vercruysse J. 100 Questions in Livestock Helminthology Research. Trends Parasitol 2018; 35:52-71. [PMID: 30477758 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2018.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
An elicitation exercise was conducted to collect and identify pressing questions concerning the study of helminths in livestock, to help guide research priorities. Questions were invited from the research community in an inclusive way. Of 385 questions submitted, 100 were chosen by online vote, with priority given to open questions in important areas that are specific enough to permit investigation within a focused project or programme of research. The final list of questions was divided into ten themes. We present the questions and set them briefly in the context of the current state of knowledge. Although subjective, the results provide a snapshot of current concerns and perceived priorities in the field of livestock helminthology, and we hope that they will stimulate ongoing or new research efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric R Morgan
- Queen's University Belfast, School of Biological Sciences, 97, Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK.
| | - Nor-Azlina A Aziz
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | | | - Claude Charvet
- ISP, INRA, Université Tours, UMR1282, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Edwin Claerebout
- Laboratory for Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, B9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Peter Geldhof
- Laboratory for Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, B9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Andrew W Greer
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, P.O. Box 85084, Lincoln University, Christchurch, 7647, New Zealand
| | - Hubertus Hertzberg
- Institute of Parasitology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 266a, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jane Hodgkinson
- Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool Science Park IC2, 146 Brownlow Hill, Liverpool, L3 5RF, UK
| | - Johan Höglund
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, BVF-parasitology, Box 7036, 750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hervé Hoste
- UMR 1225 IHAP INRA/ENVT, 23 Chemin des Capelles, 31076 Toulouse, France
| | - Ray M Kaplan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - María Martínez-Valladares
- Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña (CSIC-Universidad de León), Finca Marzanas, Grulleros, 24346 León, Spain
| | - Siân Mitchell
- Animal and Plant Health Agency, Carmarthen Veterinary Investigation Centre, Jobswell Road, Johnstown, Carmarthen, SA31 3EZ, UK
| | - Harm W Ploeger
- Utrecht University, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Yalelaan 1, 3584 CL, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Laura Rinaldi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Georg von Samson-Himmelstjerna
- Institute for Parasitology and Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universitaet Berlin, Robert-von-Ostertag-Str. 7-13, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Smaragda Sotiraki
- Veterinary Research Institute, HAO-DEMETER, Campus Thermi 57001, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Manuela Schnyder
- Institute of Parasitology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 266a, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Philip Skuce
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Edinburgh EH26 0PZ, UK
| | - David Bartley
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Edinburgh EH26 0PZ, UK
| | - Fiona Kenyon
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Edinburgh EH26 0PZ, UK
| | - Stig M Thamsborg
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Hannah Rose Vineer
- Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool Science Park IC2, 146 Brownlow Hill, Liverpool, L3 5RF, UK; School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, 24 Tyndall Avenue, Bristol, BS8 1TQ, UK
| | - Theo de Waal
- University College Dublin, School of Veterinary Medicine, Belfield, Dublin, D04 W6F6, Ireland
| | - Andrew R Williams
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Jan A van Wyk
- Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Jozef Vercruysse
- Laboratory for Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, B9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
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50
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Saeed F, Afzaal M, Niaz B, Arshad MU, Tufail T, Hussain MB, Javed A. Bitter melon (Momordica charantia): a natural healthy vegetable. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2018.1446023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Farhan Saeed
- Institute of Home and Food Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Afzaal
- Institute of Home and Food Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Bushra Niaz
- Institute of Home and Food Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Umair Arshad
- Institute of Home and Food Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Tabussam Tufail
- Institute of Home and Food Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Bilal Hussain
- Institute of Home and Food Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ahsan Javed
- Institute of Home and Food Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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