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Bao S, Wang W, Deng Z, Zhou R, Zeng S, Hou D, He J, Huang Z. Changes of bacterial communities and bile acid metabolism reveal the potential "intestine-hepatopancreas axis" in shrimp. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 938:173384. [PMID: 38815838 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
The interaction between the gut and the liver plays a significant role in individual health and diseases. Mounting evidence supports that bile acids are important metabolites in the bidirectional communication between the gut and the liver. Most of the current studies on the "gut-liver axis" have focused on higher vertebrates, however, few was reported on lower invertebrates such as shrimp with an open circulatory system. Here, microbiomic and metabolomic analyses were conducted to investigate the bacterial composition and bile acid metabolism in intestine, hemolymph and hepatopancreas of Penaeus vannamei fed diets supplemented with octanoic acid and oleic acid. After six days of feeding, the bacterial composition in intestine, hemolymph and hepatopancreas changed at different stages, with significant increases in the relative abundance of several genera such as Pseudomonas and Rheinheimera in intestine and hepatopancreas. Notably, there was a more similar bacterial composition in intestine and hepatopancreas at the genus level, which indicated the close communication between shrimp intestine and hepatopancreas. Meanwhile, higher content of some bile acids such as lithocholic acid (LCA) and α-muricholic acid (α-MCA) in intestine and lower content of some bile acids such as taurohyocholic acids (THCA) and isolithocholic acid (IsoLCA) in hepatopancreas were detected. Furthermore, Spearman correlation analysis revealed a significant correlation between bacterial composition and bile acid metabolism in intestine and hepatopancreas. The microbial source tracking analysis showed that there was a high proportion of intestine and hepatopancreas bacterial community as the source of each other. Collectively, these results showed a strong crosstalk between shrimp intestine and hepatopancreas, which suggests a unique potential "intestine-hepatopancreas axis" in lower invertebrate shrimp with an open circulatory system. Our finding contributed to the understanding of the interplay between shrimp intestine and hepatopancreas in the view of microecology and provided new ideas for shrimp farming and disease control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shicheng Bao
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Wenjun Wang
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Zhixuan Deng
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Renjun Zhou
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Shenzheng Zeng
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Dongwei Hou
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Jianguo He
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China; Southern Marine Sciences and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China; State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Zhijian Huang
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China; Southern Marine Sciences and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China; State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
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2
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Rosilan NF, Jamali MAM, Sufira SA, Waiho K, Fazhan H, Ismail N, Sung YY, Mohamed-Hussein ZA, Hamid AAA, Afiqah-Aleng N. Molecular docking and dynamics simulation studies uncover the host-pathogen protein-protein interactions in Penaeus vannamei and Vibrio parahaemolyticus. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0297759. [PMID: 38266027 PMCID: PMC10807825 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0297759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Shrimp aquaculture contributes significantly to global economic growth, and the whiteleg shrimp, Penaeus vannamei, is a leading species in this industry. However, Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection poses a major challenge in ensuring the success of P. vannamei aquaculture. Despite its significance in this industry, the biological knowledge of its pathogenesis remains unclear. Hence, this study was conducted to identify the interaction sites and binding affinity between several immune-related proteins of P. vannamei with V. parahaemolyticus proteins associated with virulence factors. Potential interaction sites and the binding affinity between host and pathogen proteins were identified using molecular docking and dynamics (MD) simulation. The P. vannamei-V. parahaemolyticus protein-protein interaction of Complex 1 (Ferritin-HrpE/YscL family type III secretion apparatus protein), Complex 2 (Protein kinase domain-containing protein-Chemotaxis CheY protein), and Complex 3 (GPCR-Chemotaxis CheY protein) was found to interact with -4319.76, -5271.39, and -4725.57 of the docked score and the formation of intermolecular bonds at several interacting residues. The docked scores of Complex 1, Complex 2, and Complex 3 were validated using MD simulation analysis, which revealed these complexes greatly contribute to the interactions between P. vannamei and V. parahaemolyticus proteins, with binding free energies of -22.50 kJ/mol, -30.20 kJ/mol, and -26.27 kJ/mol, respectively. This finding illustrates the capability of computational approaches to search for molecular binding sites between host and pathogen, which could increase the knowledge of Vibrio spp. infection on shrimps, which then can be used to assist in the development of effective treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Fathiah Rosilan
- Institute of Climate Adaptation and Marine Biotechnology (ICAMB), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Muhamad Arif Mohamad Jamali
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Bandar Baru Nilai, Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | - Siti Aishah Sufira
- Research Unit for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology (RUBIC), Kuliyyah of Science, International Islamic University Malaysia, Bandar Indera Mahkota, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Khor Waiho
- Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
- Centre for Chemical Biology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Hanafiah Fazhan
- Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
- Centre for Chemical Biology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Noraznawati Ismail
- Institute of Climate Adaptation and Marine Biotechnology (ICAMB), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Yeong Yik Sung
- Institute of Climate Adaptation and Marine Biotechnology (ICAMB), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Zeti-Azura Mohamed-Hussein
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute, UKM Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latiff, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Azzmer Azzar Abdul Hamid
- Research Unit for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology (RUBIC), Kuliyyah of Science, International Islamic University Malaysia, Bandar Indera Mahkota, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Nor Afiqah-Aleng
- Institute of Climate Adaptation and Marine Biotechnology (ICAMB), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
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Ahmed J, Navabshan I, Unnikrishnan S, Radhakrishnan L, Vasagam KPK, Ramalingam K. In Silico and In Vitro Investigation of Phytochemicals Against Shrimp AHPND Syndrome Causing PirA/B Toxins of Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2023; 195:7176-7196. [PMID: 36988845 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04458-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
In Southeast Asia, the penaeid shrimp aquaculture production faces a new pandemic bacterial disease called acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND). The highly profitable pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, has become a challenging species due to severe lethal infections. Recent research has identified a critical pathogen, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, which caused significant loss in the shrimp industry. The disease pathway involves a virulence plasmid encoding binary protein toxins (PirA/B) that cause cell death. The protein toxins were inherited and conjugatively transferred to other Vibrio species through a post-segregational killing system. In this study, "in silico" (Glide, 2021) analysis identified four phytocompounds as myricetin (Myr), ( +)-taxifolin (TF), (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), and strychnine (STN) which could be most effective against both the toxins concerning its docking score and affinity. The interactions of complexes and the critical amino acids involved in docking were analyzed using the Discovery Studio (version 2016). Molecular dynamic studies showed lower root mean square deviations (RMSD) and improved stabilization of ( +)-taxifolin (TF) and (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) against both the protein toxins. The antibacterial potential of all four selected compounds had tested against pathogenic strains of V. parahaemolyticus through minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). The best MBC results were observed at concentrations of 1 mg/mL for EGCG and 1.25 mg/mL for TF. Moreover, the complete reduction of viable cell counts in the in vitro bactericidal activity had recorded after 24 h of incubation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jahangir Ahmed
- School of Life Sciences, B.S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Irfan Navabshan
- School of Pharmacy, B.S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sneha Unnikrishnan
- School of Life Sciences, B.S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Logesh Radhakrishnan
- School of Life Sciences, B.S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - K P Kumaraguru Vasagam
- Department of Nutrition, Genetics and Biotechnology, ICAR-Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Karthikeyan Ramalingam
- School of Life Sciences, B.S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Rosilan NF, Waiho K, Fazhan H, Sung YY, Zakaria NH, Afiqah-Aleng N, Mohamed-Hussein ZA. Current trends of host-pathogen relationship in shrimp infectious disease via computational protein-protein interaction: A bibliometric analysis. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 142:109171. [PMID: 37858788 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.109171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) are essential for understanding cell physiology in normal and pathological conditions, as they might involve in all cellular processes. PPIs have been widely used to elucidate the pathobiology of human and plant diseases. Therefore, they can also be used to unveil the pathobiology of infectious diseases in shrimp, which is one of the high-risk factors influencing the success or failure of shrimp production. PPI network analysis, specifically host-pathogen PPI (HP-PPI), provides insights into the molecular interactions between the shrimp and pathogens. This review quantitatively analyzed the research trends within this field through bibliometric analysis using specific keywords, countries, authors, organizations, journals, and documents. This analysis has screened 206 records from the Scopus database for determining eligibility, resulting in 179 papers that were retrieved for bibliometric analysis. The analysis revealed that China and Thailand were the driving forces behind this specific field of research and frequently collaborated with the United States. Aquaculture and Diseases of Aquatic Organisms were the prominent sources for publications in this field. The main keywords identified included "white spot syndrome virus," "WSSV," and "shrimp." We discovered that studies on HP-PPI are currently quite scarce. As a result, we further discussed the significance of HP-PPI by highlighting various approaches that have been previously adopted. These findings not only emphasize the importance of HP-PPI but also pave the way for future researchers to explore the pathogenesis of infectious diseases in shrimp. By doing so, preventative measures and enhanced treatment strategies can be identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Fathiah Rosilan
- Institute of Climate Adaptation and Marine Biotechnology (ICAMB), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Khor Waiho
- Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia; Centre for Chemical Biology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, 11900, Penang, Malaysia; Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart University, 10900, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Hanafiah Fazhan
- Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia; Centre for Chemical Biology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, 11900, Penang, Malaysia; Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart University, 10900, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Yeong Yik Sung
- Institute of Climate Adaptation and Marine Biotechnology (ICAMB), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Nor Hafizah Zakaria
- Institute of Climate Adaptation and Marine Biotechnology (ICAMB), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia.
| | - Nor Afiqah-Aleng
- Institute of Climate Adaptation and Marine Biotechnology (ICAMB), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia.
| | - Zeti-Azura Mohamed-Hussein
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute, UKM Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latiff, 56000, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
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Boopathi S, Meenatchi R, Brindangnanam P, Sudhakaran G, Coumar MS, Arockiaraj J. Microbiome analysis of Litopenaeus vannamei reveals Vibrio as main risk factor of white faeces syndrome. AQUACULTURE 2023; 576:739829. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2023.739829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
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Arumugam U, Sudarsanan GB, Karuppannan AK, Palaniappan S. Metagenomic Studies Reveal the Evidence of Akkermansia muciniphila and Other Probiotic Bacteria in the Gut of Healthy and Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP)-Infected Farmed Penaeus vannamei. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2023:10.1007/s12602-023-10165-4. [PMID: 37749431 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-023-10165-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Penaeus vannamei (whiteleg shrimp) is the most widely cultured shrimp globally. Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP), a microsporidian parasite, infects P. vannamei and causes severe growth retardation, subsequent production, and economic losses in the shrimp culture. The influence of EHP infection in the shrimp gut microbiota is poorly studied, and this would be an interesting area to investigate since the gut microbiome of shrimp influences a number of key host processes such as digestion and immunity. In this study, a metagenomic approach was followed to compare the overall species richness of the gut microbiota of EHP-infected and healthy P. vannamei. Bacterial genomic DNA from the healthy and EHP-infected gut sample were profiled for the bacterial 16S rRNA gene, targeting the V3-V4 conserved region. Operational taxonomic units (OTUs), an approximation of definitive taxonomic identity, were identified based on the sequence similarity within the sample reads and clustered together using a cut-off of 97% identity using UCLUST. The OTUs were then used for the computation of alpha diversity and beta diversity for each sample. EHP-infected gut sample showed lower bacterial abundance throughout the family, class, order, genus, and species levels when compared to healthy gut sample. This study shows that the shrimp gut microbiota is sensitive and exhibits a high level of plasticity during a microsporidian infection like EHP. Furthermore, Akkermansia muciniphila, a novel probiotic bacterium, has been reported in the shrimp gut for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uma Arumugam
- State Referral Laboratory for Aquatic Animal Health, Tamil Nadu Dr. J. Jayalalithaa Fisheries University, Madhavaram Campus, Chennai, 600051, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Ganesh Babu Sudarsanan
- State Referral Laboratory for Aquatic Animal Health, Tamil Nadu Dr. J. Jayalalithaa Fisheries University, Madhavaram Campus, Chennai, 600051, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Anbu Kumar Karuppannan
- Bioinformatics Center, Madras Veterinary College, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Vepery, Chennai, 600007, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Subash Palaniappan
- State Referral Laboratory for Aquatic Animal Health, Tamil Nadu Dr. J. Jayalalithaa Fisheries University, Madhavaram Campus, Chennai, 600051, Tamil Nadu, India
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Subash P, Chrisolite B, Sivasankar P, Rosalind George M, Vijay Amirtharaj KS, Padmavathy P, Rani V, Sankar Sri Balaje R, Gowtham S, Mageshkumar P. White feces syndrome in Penaeus vannamei is potentially an Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP) associated pathobiome origin of Vibrio spp. J Invertebr Pathol 2023; 198:107932. [PMID: 37169328 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2023.107932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
White feces syndrome (WFS) is a commercially important disease in Penaeus vannamei (whiteleg shrimp) farming. The aetiology beyond the white or golden white midgut with mediocre growth performance producing a floating mass of white fecal strings in WFS-affected shrimp farms remains uncharted. To give WFS a perception of pathobiome, healthy P. vannamei shrimps were subjected to an enteric microsporidian Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP) infection along with Vibrio harveyi and V. alginolyticus in different combinations. Immune responses in haemolymph (total haemocyte count (THC), prophenoloxidase activity (proPO), respiratory burst activity (RBA), superoxide dismutase activity (SOD) and catalase activity (CAT)), plasma biochemical changes (aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP)) and digestive enzymes activity (alpha-amylase (AMY), lipase (LIP) and protease (PRO)) were assessed in the challenged shrimps at 5, 10 and 15 days post-infection (dpi). The microbial interactions between the EHP and Vibrio spp. have led to the formation of WFS in the challenged shrimps. The histological sections of the hepatopancreas revealed the presence of EHP along with colonized bacterial masses, leading to the formation of aggregated transformed microvilli (ATM) structures and increased sloughing of lipid vacuoles into the tubule lumen. A significantly decreased THC and increased proPO levels, dysregulated antioxidant system, prominent hepatic damage, reduced energy metabolism and higher lipid production were the key records supporting that EHP-associated WFS in P. vannamei is due to the pathobiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palaniappan Subash
- Department of Fish Pathology and Health Management, Fisheries College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Dr. J. Jayalalithaa Fisheries University, Thoothukudi - 628 008, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Bagthasingh Chrisolite
- Department of Fish Pathology and Health Management, Fisheries College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Dr. J. Jayalalithaa Fisheries University, Thoothukudi - 628 008, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Panchavarnam Sivasankar
- Department of Fish Pathology and Health Management, Fisheries College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Dr. J. Jayalalithaa Fisheries University, Thoothukudi - 628 008, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - K S Vijay Amirtharaj
- Mariculture Research Farm Facility, Department of Aquaculture, Fisheries College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Dr. J. Jayalalithaa Fisheries University, Thoothukudi - 628 008, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Pandurengan Padmavathy
- Department of Aquatic Environment Management, Fisheries College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Dr. J. Jayalalithaa Fisheries University, Thoothukudi - 628 008, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Velu Rani
- Department of Aquatic Environment Management, Fisheries College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Dr. J. Jayalalithaa Fisheries University, Thoothukudi - 628 008, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ravi Sankar Sri Balaje
- Department of Fish Pathology and Health Management, Fisheries College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Dr. J. Jayalalithaa Fisheries University, Thoothukudi - 628 008, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sundararajan Gowtham
- Department of Fish Pathology and Health Management, Fisheries College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Dr. J. Jayalalithaa Fisheries University, Thoothukudi - 628 008, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Paulraj Mageshkumar
- Department of Fish Pathology and Health Management, Fisheries College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Dr. J. Jayalalithaa Fisheries University, Thoothukudi - 628 008, Tamil Nadu, India
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Munkongwongsiri N, Prachumwat A, Eamsaard W, Lertsiri K, Flegel TW, Stentiford GD, Sritunyalucksana K. Propionigenium and Vibrio species identified as possible component causes of shrimp white feces syndrome (WFS) associated with the microsporidian Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei. J Invertebr Pathol 2022; 192:107784. [PMID: 35659607 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2022.107784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
White feces syndrome (WFS) in cultivated shrimp is characterized by white shrimp midguts (intestines) and white fecal strings that float as mats on pond surfaces. The etiology of WFS is complex, but one type called EHP-WFS is associated with the microsporidian Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP). The hepatopancreas (HP), midgut and fecal strings of EHP-WFS shrimp exhibit massive quantities of EHP spores together with mixed, unidentified bacteria. In EHP-WFS ponds, some EHP-infected shrimp show white midguts (WG) and produce white feces while other EHP-infected shrimp in the same pond show grossly normal midguts (NG) and produce no white feces. We hypothesized that comparison of the microbial flora between WG and NG shrimp would reveal probable combinations of microbes significantly associated with EHP-WFS. To test this, we selected a Penaeus vannamei cultivation pond exhibiting severe WFS and used microscopic and microbial profiling analyses to compare WG and NG samples. Histologically, EHP was confirmed in the HP and midgut of both WG and NG shrimp, but EHP burdens were higher and EHP tissue damage was more severe in WG shrimp. Further, intestinal microbiomes in WG shrimp were less diverse and had higher abundance of bacteria from the genera Vibrio and Propionigenium. Propionigenium burden in the HP of WG shrimp (9364 copies/100ng DNA) was significantly higher (P = 1.1 x 10-5) than in NG shrimp (12 copies/100ng DNA). These findings supported our hypothesis by revealing two candidate bacterial genera that should be tested in combination with EHP as potential component causes of EHP-WFS in P. vannamei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natthinee Munkongwongsiri
- Aquatic Animal Health Research Team, Integrative Aquaculture Biotechnology Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Yothi office, Rama VI Rd., Bangkok, Thailand 10400
| | - Anuphap Prachumwat
- Aquatic Animal Health Research Team, Integrative Aquaculture Biotechnology Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Yothi office, Rama VI Rd., Bangkok, Thailand 10400; Center of Excellence for Shrimp Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (Centex Shrimp), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Rd., Bangkok, Thailand 10400.
| | - Wiraya Eamsaard
- Aquatic Animal Health Research Team, Integrative Aquaculture Biotechnology Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Yothi office, Rama VI Rd., Bangkok, Thailand 10400; Center of Excellence for Shrimp Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (Centex Shrimp), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Rd., Bangkok, Thailand 10400
| | - Kanokwan Lertsiri
- Aquatic Animal Health Research Team, Integrative Aquaculture Biotechnology Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Yothi office, Rama VI Rd., Bangkok, Thailand 10400
| | - Timothy W Flegel
- Center of Excellence for Shrimp Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (Centex Shrimp), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Rd., Bangkok, Thailand 10400; National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Klong Luang, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Grant D Stentiford
- International Centre of Excellence for Aquatic Animal Health, Centre for Environment Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Weymouth Laboratory, Weymouth, Dorset DT4 8UB, United Kingdom; Centre for Sustainable Aquaculture Futures, University of Exeter, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, United Kingdom
| | - Kallaya Sritunyalucksana
- Aquatic Animal Health Research Team, Integrative Aquaculture Biotechnology Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Yothi office, Rama VI Rd., Bangkok, Thailand 10400; Center of Excellence for Shrimp Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (Centex Shrimp), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Rd., Bangkok, Thailand 10400
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9
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Huang Z, Hou D, Zhou R, Zeng S, Xing C, Wei D, Deng X, Yu L, Wang H, Deng Z, Weng S, Ning D, Xiao C, Yan Q, Zhou J, He Z, He J. Environmental Water and Sediment Microbial Communities Shape Intestine Microbiota for Host Health: The Central Dogma in an Anthropogenic Aquaculture Ecosystem. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:772149. [PMID: 34795658 PMCID: PMC8593368 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.772149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
From increasing evidence has emerged a tight link among the environment, intestine microbiota, and host health status; moreover, the microbial interaction in different habitats is crucial for ecosystems. However, how the environmental microbial community assembly governs the intestinal microbiota and microbial communities of multiple habitats contribute to the metacommunity remain elusive. Here, we designed two delicate experiments from temporal and spatial scales in a shrimp culture pond ecosystem (SCPE). Of the SCPE metacommunity, the microbial diversity was mainly contributed to by the diversity of–βIntraHabitats and βInterHabitats, and water and sediment communities had a large contribution to the shrimp intestine community as shown by SourceTracker and Sloan neutral community model analyses. Also, phylogenetic bin-based null model results show that microbial assembly of three habitats in the SCPE appeared to be largely driven by stochastic processes. These results enrich our understanding of the environment–intestinal microbiota–host health closely linked relationship, making it possible to be the central dogma for an anthropogenic aquaculture ecosystem. Our findings enhance the mechanistic understanding of microbial assembly in the SCPE for further analyzing metacommunities, which has important implications for microbial ecology and animal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijian Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Southern Marine Sciences and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongwei Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Southern Marine Sciences and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Renjun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Southern Marine Sciences and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shenzheng Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Southern Marine Sciences and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chengguang Xing
- Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongdong Wei
- Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xisha Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Southern Marine Sciences and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lingfei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Southern Marine Sciences and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhixuan Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Southern Marine Sciences and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaoping Weng
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Southern Marine Sciences and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Daliang Ning
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, Institute for Environmental Genomics, School of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, The University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, United States
| | - Chuanle Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingyun Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Southern Marine Sciences and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Environmental Microbiomics Research Center, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jizhong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Southern Marine Sciences and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, Institute for Environmental Genomics, School of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, The University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, United States
| | - Zhili He
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Southern Marine Sciences and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Environmental Microbiomics Research Center, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianguo He
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Southern Marine Sciences and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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10
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Hsu CH, Chen JC, Lin YC, Chen YY, Liu PC, Lin BW, Hsieh JF. White shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei that have received mixtures of heat-killed and formalin-inactivated Vibrio alginolyticus and V. harveyi exhibit recall memory and show increased phagocytosis and resistance to Vibrio infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 112:151-158. [PMID: 33232808 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Heat-killed Vibrio alginolyticus (HVa), formalin-inactivated V. alginolyticus (FVa), heat-killed Vibrio harveyi (HVh), formalin-inactivated V. harveyi (FVh), live V. alginolyticus (LVa), and live V. harveyi (LVh) were used in this study. White shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei receiving two mixtures (HVa + FVa) or four mixtures (HVa + FVa + HVh + FVh) served as primary exposure, and shrimp receiving LVa or LVh afterward served as secondary exposure. Shrimp receiving marine saline and then receiving either LVa or LVh served as controls. Phagocytic activity and clearance efficiency were examined in shrimp that received two mixtures after 1-8 weeks and then received LVa. Both the phagocytic activity and clearance efficiency of shrimp receiving two mixtures were significantly higher than in control shrimp after 1-8 weeks. In another experiment, phagocytic activity and clearance efficiency were examined in shrimp that received four mixtures after 1-8 weeks and then received LVa and LVh, respectively. The phagocytic activity of shrimp receiving four mixtures was significantly higher than in control shrimp after 1-8 weeks post exposure to LVa and LVh. The clearance efficiency of shrimp receiving four mixtures was significantly higher than in control shrimp after 1-6 weeks post exposure to LVa, and 1-7 weeks post exposure to LVh. In the other experiment, the survival rate of shrimp that received four mixtures after five weeks were challenged with LVa at 6.4 × 107 colony-forming units (cfu) shrimp-1 and LVh at 4.4 × 106 cfu shrimp-1. Shrimp that received marine saline for five weeks and then challenged with LVa and LVh at a same dose served as challenged controls. The survival rate of shrimp that received four mixtures was significantly higher (90%) than that of control shrimp (67%), and significantly higher (73%) than that of control shrimp (53%) after 3-7 days post challenge with LVa and LVh. It is concluded that the mixtures have feature of adjuvant and antigen, and shrimp receiving mixtures of heat-killed and formalin-inactivated V. alginolyticus and V. harveyi even after 5-8 weeks exhibit memory recall and show increased phagocytosis and resistance to Vibrio infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Hung Hsu
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Life Sciences, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, 202, Taiwan
| | - Jiann-Chu Chen
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Life Sciences, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, 202, Taiwan.
| | - Yong-Chin Lin
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Life Sciences, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, 202, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Yuan Chen
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Life Sciences, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, 202, Taiwan
| | - Po-Chun Liu
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Life Sciences, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, 202, Taiwan
| | - Bo-Wei Lin
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Life Sciences, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, 202, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Fang Hsieh
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Life Sciences, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, 202, Taiwan
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11
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The effect of salinity on enterocytozoon hepatopenaei infection in Penaeus vannamei under experimental conditions. BMC Vet Res 2021; 17:65. [PMID: 33530991 PMCID: PMC7856814 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-021-02778-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP) is an enteric pathogen that affects Penaeus vannamei and Penaeus monodon shrimp in many SE Asian countries. In the western hemisphere, EHP was reported for the first time in 2016 in farmed P. vannamei in Venezuela. Anecdotal evidence suggests that EHP is more prevalent in grow-out ponds where the salinity is high (> 15 parts per thousand (ppt)) compared to grow-out ponds with low salinities (< 5 ppt). Considering that P. vannamei is an euryhaline species, we were interested in knowing if EHP can propagate in P. vannamei in low salinities. Results In this study, we described an experimental infection using fecal strings as a source inoculum. Specific Pathogen Free (SPF) P. vannamei were maintained at three different salinities (2 ppt, 15 ppt, and 30 ppt) while continuously challenged using feces from known EHP-infected P. vannamei over a period of 3 weeks. The fecal strings, used as a source of EHP inocula in the challenges, was sufficient to elicit an infection in shrimp maintained at the three salinities. The infectivity of EHP in shrimp reared at 2 ppt, 15 ppt, and 30 ppt salinities was confirmed by PCR and histopathology. The prevalence and the severity of the EHP infection was higher at 30 ppt than at 2 ppt and 15 ppt. Conclusion The data suggests that fecal strings are a reliable source of EHP inoculum to conduct experimental challenges via the fecal-oral route. An EHP infection can occur at a salinity as low as 2 ppt, however, the prevalence and the severity of the EHP infection is higher at a salinity of 30 ppt.
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12
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Hou D, Zhou R, Zeng S, Wei D, Deng X, Xing C, Yu L, Deng Z, Wang H, Weng S, He J, Huang Z. Intestine Bacterial Community Composition of Shrimp Varies Under Low- and High-Salinity Culture Conditions. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:589164. [PMID: 33304335 PMCID: PMC7701045 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.589164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestine microbiota is tightly associated with host health status. Increasing studies have focused on assessing how host intestine microbiota is affected by biotic factors but ignored abiotic factors. Here, we aimed to understand the effects of salinity on shrimp intestine microbiota, by comparing the differences of intestine bacterial signatures of shrimp under low-salinity (LS) and high-salinity (HS) culture conditions. Our results found that intestine core bacterial taxa of shrimp under LS and HS culture conditions were different and that under HS contained more opportunistic pathogen species. Notably, compared with LS culture conditions, opportunistic pathogens (e.g., Vibrio species) were enriched in shrimp intestine under HS. Network analysis revealed that shrimp under HS culture conditions exhibited less connected and lower competitive intestine bacterial interspecies interactions compared with LS. In addition, under HS culture conditions, several opportunistic pathogens were identified as keystone species of intestine bacterial network in shrimp. Furthermore, the ecological drift process played a more important role in the intestine bacterial assembly of shrimp under HS culture conditions than that under LS. These above traits regarding the intestine microbiota of shrimp under HS culture conditions might lead to host at a higher risk of disease. Collectively, this work aids our understanding of the effects of salinity on shrimp intestine microbiota and helps for shrimp culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongwei Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Southern Marine Sciences and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Marine Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Renjun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Southern Marine Sciences and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Marine Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shenzheng Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Southern Marine Sciences and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Marine Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongdong Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Southern Marine Sciences and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Marine Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xisha Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Southern Marine Sciences and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Marine Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chengguang Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Southern Marine Sciences and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Marine Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lingfei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Southern Marine Sciences and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Marine Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhixuan Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Southern Marine Sciences and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Marine Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaoping Weng
- Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianguo He
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Southern Marine Sciences and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Marine Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhijian Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Southern Marine Sciences and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Marine Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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13
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Liu X, Lei Y, Ren Z, Zhou S, Qian D, Yu Y, Yin F, Wang C. Isolation, characterization and virulence of Mesanophrys sp. (Ciliophora: Orchitophryidae) in farmed swimming crab (Portunus trituberculatus) in eastern China. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2020; 43:1419-1429. [PMID: 32880988 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A disease outbreak occurred in swimming crab (Portunus trituberculatus) farmed in eastern China, with a mortality rate of more than 80%. To further investigate the characteristics and pathogenesis, we reported isolation, characterization and virulence of the causative agent of this disease from 10 sick crabs. Histopathological observation found that multiple tissues, especially haemolymph, contained lots of ciliates. The ciliate was isolated and cultured in vitro, and molecular and morphological studies were done. The results showed that SSU rDNA and LSU rDNA sequences of the ciliate were similar to Mesanophrys ciliates (>96.81%), while ITS1-5.8s-ITS2 sequence was similar to Mesanophrys pugettensis (95.37%) and identical to Orchitophrya stellarum (100%). Furthermore, the results of the morphological study confirmed that the ciliate was similar to Mesanophrys ciliates and O. stellarum cultured in supportive media, but different from O. stellarum cultured in living sperm cells of starfish (Leptasterias spp.). Also, the growth of the ciliate did not interfere with light, which was different from O. stellarum. Accordingly, the ciliate was classified as genus Mesanophrys and temporarily named as Mesanophrys sp. In addition, experimental infection confirmed that Mesanophrys sp. was the pathogen that infected farmed crabs. In summary, Mesanophrys sp. was first isolated and characterized in P. trituberculatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center for Zhejiang Marine High-efficiency and Healthy Aquaculture, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yuhua Lei
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center for Zhejiang Marine High-efficiency and Healthy Aquaculture, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Zhiming Ren
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center for Zhejiang Marine High-efficiency and Healthy Aquaculture, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Suming Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center for Zhejiang Marine High-efficiency and Healthy Aquaculture, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Dong Qian
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center for Zhejiang Marine High-efficiency and Healthy Aquaculture, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Youbin Yu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center for Zhejiang Marine High-efficiency and Healthy Aquaculture, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Fei Yin
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center for Zhejiang Marine High-efficiency and Healthy Aquaculture, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Chunlin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center for Zhejiang Marine High-efficiency and Healthy Aquaculture, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
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14
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Aranguren Caro LF, Mai HN, Pichardo O, Cruz-Flores R, Hanggono B, Dhar AK. Evidences supporting Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei association with white feces syndrome in farmed Penaeus vannamei in Venezuela and Indonesia. DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS 2020; 141:71-78. [PMID: 32940252 DOI: 10.3354/dao03522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
White feces syndrome (WFS) is an emerging and poorly described disease characterized by the presence of floating white fecal strings in shrimp (Penaeus monodon and P. vannamei) grow-out ponds. WFS has been associated with several pathogens, including Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei. This association is based on the fact that in areas where E. hepatopenaei has been reported, there was also a high WFS prevalence. E. hepatopenaei is an emerging pathogen that has affected cultured shrimp in Indonesia, Vietnam, China, Thailand, and India. In 2016, we reported the presence of E. hepatopenaei in farmed P. vannamei in Venezuela. In this study, we describe the first case of WFS in Venezuela associated with E. hepatopenaei. The white fecal strings and shrimp displaying white feces along the gastrointestinal tract observed in this study were similar to the gross signs found in WFS-impacted P. vannamei in SE Asian countries. Furthermore, we describe a strong association between WFS and E. hepatopenaei in the samples obtained from Venezuela and Indonesia. Quantification of E. hepatopenaei in WFS-affected ponds, ponds with a history of WFS, and ponds with no WFS showed that E. hepatopenaei loads were significantly higher in WFS-affected ponds. Furthermore, these findings constitute the first report of WFS being associated with E. hepatopenaei in farmed shrimp in Latin America. Additionally, we propose that the gross signs of WFS such as floating whitish fecal strings can be used as an indicator of the presence of E. hepatopenaei in countries where E. hepatopenaei is endemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Fernando Aranguren Caro
- Aquaculture Pathology Laboratory, School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The University of Arizona, 1117 E Lowell St., Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
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15
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Chaijarasphong T, Munkongwongsiri N, Stentiford GD, Aldama-Cano DJ, Thansa K, Flegel TW, Sritunyalucksana K, Itsathitphaisarn O. The shrimp microsporidian Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP): Biology, pathology, diagnostics and control. J Invertebr Pathol 2020; 186:107458. [PMID: 32882232 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2020.107458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Disease is a major limiting factor in the global production of cultivated shrimp. The microsporidian parasite Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP) was formally characterized in 2009 as a rare infection of the black tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon. It remained relatively unstudied until mid-2010, after which infection with EHP became increasingly common in the Pacific whiteleg shrimp Penaeus vannamei, by then the most common shrimp species farmed in Asia. EHP infects the hepatopancreas of its host, causing hepatopancreatic microsporidiosis (HPM), a condition that has been associated with slow growth of the host in aquaculture settings. Unlike other infectious disease agents that have caused economic losses in global shrimp aquaculture, EHP has proven more challenging because too little is still known about its environmental reservoirs and modes of transmission during the industrial shrimp production process. This review summarizes our current knowledge of the EHP life cycle and the molecular strategies that it employs as an obligate intracellular parasite. It also provides an analysis of available and new methodologies for diagnosis since most of the current literature on EHP focuses on that topic. We summarize current knowledge of EHP infection and transmission dynamics and currently recommended, practical control measures that are being applied to limit its negative impact on shrimp cultivation. We also point out the major gaps in knowledge that urgently need to be bridged in order to improve control measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thawatchai Chaijarasphong
- Center of Excellence for Shrimp Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (Centex Shrimp), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Rd., Bangkok 10400, Thailand; Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Rd., Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Natthinee Munkongwongsiri
- Aquatic Animal Health Research Team (AQHT), Integrative Aquaculture Biotechnology, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Yothi Office, Rama VI Rd., Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Grant D Stentiford
- International Centre of Excellence for Aquatic Animal Health, Centre for Environment Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Weymouth Laboratory, Weymouth, Dorset DT4 8UB, UK; Centre for Sustainable Aquaculture Futures, University of Exeter, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, United Kingdom
| | - Diva J Aldama-Cano
- Center of Excellence for Shrimp Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (Centex Shrimp), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Rd., Bangkok 10400, Thailand; Aquatic Animal Health Research Team (AQHT), Integrative Aquaculture Biotechnology, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Yothi Office, Rama VI Rd., Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Kwanta Thansa
- Aquatic Animal Health Research Team (AQHT), Integrative Aquaculture Biotechnology, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Yothi Office, Rama VI Rd., Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Timothy W Flegel
- Center of Excellence for Shrimp Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (Centex Shrimp), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Rd., Bangkok 10400, Thailand; National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Thailand Science Park (TSP), Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Kallaya Sritunyalucksana
- Aquatic Animal Health Research Team (AQHT), Integrative Aquaculture Biotechnology, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Yothi Office, Rama VI Rd., Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Ornchuma Itsathitphaisarn
- Center of Excellence for Shrimp Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (Centex Shrimp), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Rd., Bangkok 10400, Thailand; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Rd., Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
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16
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Aguilar-Rendón KG, Lozano-Olvera R, Yáñez-Rivera B, Soto-Rodriguez SA. Bacteriological and histopathological analysis of Penaeus vannamei experimentally infected with Vibrio parahaemolyticus-AHPND strains. DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS 2020; 140:167-177. [PMID: 32815525 DOI: 10.3354/dao03503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains have been identified as the causative agent of acute hepatopancreas necrosis disease (Vp AHPND+) in shrimp. In the present work, a highly virulent (M0904) and less virulent (M0607) strain of Vp AHPND+ were used in experimental infections of Penaeus vannamei. Throughout the experiment, histopathological analyses were conducted on shrimp tissues, and samples from the bottom (B) and water column (WC) of each aquarium were taken to estimate bacterial growth. The first deaths of shrimp challenged with Vp M0904 occurred 4 h post-infection (hpi), reached 50% mortality at 17 hpi, and showed more acute pathological progression associated with AHPND despite both strains having similar bacterial densities from 0-4 hpi. The first deaths of shrimp inoculated with Vp M0607 occurred at 13 hpi, a difference of 9 h. These shrimps displayed reduction of reserve vacuoles in R and B cells of the hepatopancreas, and reached 50% mortality at 27 hpi. As bacterial growth in the WC and B in the first hours was similar for both strains, bacterial density was not a significant factor in Vp virulence. Since pirAB toxin is the causative agent of AHPND, it is possible that there is a threshold level at which the toxin damages hepatopancreatic tissues, so production or secretion of the toxin can be dependent of the Vp strain. We propose new AHPND stage: remission with 3 main routes for the disease outcome after the remission stage (re-infection, chronic effect and recuperation). Hepatopancreatic embryonic cells can be used as a biological indicator of this stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- K G Aguilar-Rendón
- CIAD, AC Mazatlan Unit for Aquaculture and Environmental Management, Av. Sabalo-Cerritos, 82112 Mazatlan, Mexico
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17
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Wang H, Huang J, Wang P, Li T. Insights into the microbiota of larval and postlarval Pacific white shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) along early developmental stages: a case in pond level. Mol Genet Genomics 2020; 295:1517-1528. [PMID: 32803300 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-020-01717-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Increasing studies have revealed strong links among gut microbiota, health status, and shrimp development, but they mainly focus on the microbiota of Pacific white shrimp, Penaeus vannamei, during life stages from juveniles to adults. Little is known about shrimp microbiota dynamics at early developmental stages. In this study, with an aim to profile shrimp microbiota and its dynamics at stages nauplius, zoea, mysis, and early postlarva, we conducted a survey for the successful breeding processes in a commercial hatchery in China, sampled 33 samples including larval/postlarval shrimp, suspended substance in rearing water (SSRW), and nutrition supplements (i.e., algae and brine shrimp larvae) at stages N5, Z2, M2, and P2. The associated bacterial communities were sequenced and comparatively analyzed using high-throughput sequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA genes. Our case study results showed that bacterial community structures and compositions were strikingly different at stages N5, Z2, and P2, indicating the shift of microbiota at the three stages. Many taxa within Gamma-, Alphaproteobacteria, and Flavobacteriia classes were observed to be stage-specifically abundant and identified as taxonomic biomarkers potentially used to differentiate among shrimp at different early developmental stages. Summing up, these results shed light on larval/postlarval microbiota and its dynamics at different early developmental stages, highlighting the potential roles of shrimp development in microbiota formation and shifting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailiang Wang
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Maricultural Organism Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Qingdao Key Laboratory of Mariculture Epidemiology and Biosecurity, Qingdao, China
| | - Jie Huang
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Maricultural Organism Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Qingdao Key Laboratory of Mariculture Epidemiology and Biosecurity, Qingdao, China.
| | - Ping Wang
- Hainan Zhongzheng Aquatic Science and Technology Co. Ltd, Dongfang, China
| | - Ting Li
- Hainan Zhongzheng Aquatic Science and Technology Co. Ltd, Dongfang, China
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18
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Lu J, Zhang X, Qiu Q, Chen J, Xiong J. Identifying Potential Polymicrobial Pathogens: Moving Beyond Differential Abundance to Driver Taxa. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2020; 80:447-458. [PMID: 32307553 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-020-01511-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
It is now recognized that some diseases of aquatic animals are attributed to polymicrobial pathogens infection. Thus, the traditional view of "one pathogen, one disease" might mislead the identification of multiple pathogens, which in turn impedes the design of probiotics. To address this gap, we explored polymicrobial pathogens based on the origin and timing of increased abundance over shrimp white feces syndrome (WFS) progression. OTU70848 Vibrio fluvialis, OTU35090 V. coralliilyticus, and OTU28721 V. tubiashii were identified as the primary colonizers, whose abundances increased only in individuals that eventually showed disease signs but were stable in healthy subjects over the same timeframe. Notably, the random Forest model revealed that the profiles of the three primary colonizers contributed an overall 91.4% of diagnosing accuracy of shrimp health status. Additionally, NetShift analysis quantified that the three primary colonizers were important "drivers" in the gut microbiotas from healthy to WFS shrimp. For these reasons, the primary colonizers were potential pathogens that contributed to the exacerbation of WFS. By this logic, we further identified a few "drivers" commensals in healthy individuals, such as OUT50531 Demequina sediminicola and OTU_74495 Ruegeria lacuscaerulensis, which directly antagonized the three primary colonizers. The predicted functional pathways involved in energy metabolism, genetic information processing, terpenoids and polyketides metabolism, lipid and amino acid metabolism significantly decreased in diseased shrimp compared with those in healthy cohorts, in concordant with the knowledge that the attenuations of these functional pathways increase shrimp sensitivity to pathogen infection. Collectively, we provide an ecological framework for inferring polymicrobial pathogens and designing antagonized probiotics by quantifying their changed "driver" feature that intimately links shrimp WFS progression. This approach might generalize to the exploring disease etiology for other aquatic animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Xuechen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Qiongfen Qiu
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Jiong Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Jinbo Xiong
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China.
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China.
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19
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Alfiansah YR, Peters S, Harder J, Hassenrück C, Gärdes A. Structure and co-occurrence patterns of bacterial communities associated with white faeces disease outbreaks in Pacific white-leg shrimp Penaeus vannamei aquaculture. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11980. [PMID: 32686764 PMCID: PMC7371890 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68891-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial diseases cause production failures in shrimp aquacultures. To understand environmental conditions and bacterial community dynamics contributing to white faeces disease (WFD) events, we analysed water quality and compared bacterial communities in water as well as in intestines and faeces of healthy and diseased shrimps, respectively, via 16S rRNA gene sequencing and qPCR of transmembrane regulatory protein (toxR), thermolabile haemolysin (tlh), and thermostable direct haemolysin genes of pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus as a proxy for virulence. WFD occurred when pH decreased to 7.71–7.84, and Alteromonas, Pseudoalteromonas and Vibrio dominated the aquatic bacterial communities. The disease severity further correlated with increased proportions of Alteromonas, Photobacterium, Pseudoalteromonas and Vibrio in shrimp faeces. These opportunistic pathogenic bacteria constituted up to 60% and 80% of the sequences in samples from the early and advances stages of the disease outbreak, respectively, and exhibited a high degree of co-occurrence. Furthermore, toxR and tlh were detected in water at the disease event only. Notably, bacterial community resilience in water occurred when pH was adjusted to 8. Then WFD ceased without a mortality event. In conclusion, pH was a reliable indicator of the WFD outbreak risk. Dissolved oxygen and compositions of water and intestinal bacteria may also serve as indicators for better prevention of WFD events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yustian Rovi Alfiansah
- Leibniz Centre for Tropical Marine Research (ZMT), 28359, Bremen, Germany. .,Research Center for Oceanography (RCO-LIPI), Jakarta, 14430, Indonesia. .,Center for Aquaculture Research (ZAF), Alfred Wegener Institute (AWI), 27570, Bremerhaven, Germany.
| | - Sonja Peters
- Leibniz Centre for Tropical Marine Research (ZMT), 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Jens Harder
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology (MPI-MM), 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | | | - Astrid Gärdes
- Leibniz Centre for Tropical Marine Research (ZMT), 28359, Bremen, Germany.,Division Biosciences/Polar Biological Oceanography, Alfred Wegener Institute (AWI), 27570, Bremerhaven, Germany.,Hochschule (HS) Bremerhaven, 27568, Bremerhaven, Germany
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20
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Holt CC, Bass D, Stentiford GD, van der Giezen M. Understanding the role of the shrimp gut microbiome in health and disease. J Invertebr Pathol 2020; 186:107387. [PMID: 32330478 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2020.107387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
With rapid increases in the global shrimp aquaculture sector, a focus on animal health during production becomes ever more important. Animal productivity is intimately linked to health, and the gut microbiome is becoming increasingly recognised as an important driver of cultivation success. The microbes that colonise the gut, commonly referred to as the gut microbiota or the gut microbiome, interact with their host and contribute to a number of key host processes, including digestion and immunity. Gut microbiome manipulation therefore represents an attractive proposition for aquaculture and has been suggested as a possible alternative to the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics in the management of disease, which is a major limitation of growth in this sector. Microbiota supplementation has also demonstrated positive effects on growth and survival of several different commercial species, including shrimp. Development of appropriate gut supplements, however, requires prior knowledge of the host microbiome. Little is known about the gut microbiota of the aquatic invertebrates, but penaeid shrimp are perhaps more studied than most. Here, we review current knowledge of information reported on the shrimp gut microbiota, highlighting the most frequently observed taxa and emphasizing the dominance of Proteobacteria within this community. We discuss involvement of the microbiome in the regulation of shrimp health and disease and describe how the gut microbiota changes with the introduction of several economically important shrimp pathogens. Finally, we explore evidence of microbiome supplementation and consider its role in the future of penaeid shrimp production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corey C Holt
- International Centre of Excellence for Aquatic Animal Health Theme, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Barrack Road, Weymouth, Dorset DT4 8UB, United Kingdom; Biosciences, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter, United Kingdom; Centre for Sustainable Aquaculture Futures, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter, United Kingdom; Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
| | - David Bass
- International Centre of Excellence for Aquatic Animal Health Theme, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Barrack Road, Weymouth, Dorset DT4 8UB, United Kingdom; Centre for Sustainable Aquaculture Futures, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Grant D Stentiford
- International Centre of Excellence for Aquatic Animal Health Theme, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Barrack Road, Weymouth, Dorset DT4 8UB, United Kingdom; Centre for Sustainable Aquaculture Futures, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Mark van der Giezen
- Biosciences, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter, United Kingdom; Centre for Sustainable Aquaculture Futures, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter, United Kingdom; Department of Chemistry, Bioscience and Environmental Engineering, University of Stavanger, 4021 Stavanger, Norway.
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21
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Huang Z, Zeng S, Xiong J, Hou D, Zhou R, Xing C, Wei D, Deng X, Yu L, Wang H, Deng Z, Weng S, Kriengkrai S, Ning D, Zhou J, He J. Microecological Koch's postulates reveal that intestinal microbiota dysbiosis contributes to shrimp white feces syndrome. MICROBIOME 2020; 8:32. [PMID: 32156316 PMCID: PMC7065354 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-020-00802-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, increasing evidence supports that some complex diseases are not attributed to a given pathogen, but dysbiosis in the host intestinal microbiota (IM). The full intestinal ecosystem alterations, rather than a single pathogen, are associated with white feces syndrome (WFS), a globally severe non-infectious shrimp disease, while no experimental evidence to explore the causality. Herein, we conducted comprehensive metagenomic and metabolomic analysis, and intestinal microbiota transplantation (IMT) to investigate the causal relationship between IM dysbiosis and WFS. RESULTS Compared to the Control shrimp, we found dramatically decreased microbial richness and diversity in WFS shrimp. Ten genera, such as Vibrio, Candidatus Bacilloplasma, Photobacterium, and Aeromonas, were overrepresented in WFS, whereas 11 genera, including Shewanella, Chitinibacter, and Rhodobacter were enriched in control. The divergent changes in these populations might contribute the observation that a decline of pathways conferring lipoic acid metabolism and mineral absorption in WFS. Meanwhile, some sorts of metabolites, especially lipids and organic acids, were found to be related to the IM alteration in WFS. Integrated with multiomics and IMT, we demonstrated that significant alterations in the community composition, functional potentials, and metabolites of IM were closely linked to shrimp WFS. The distinguished metabolites which were attributed to the IM dysbiosis were validated by feed-supplementary challenge. Both homogenous selection and heterogeneous selection process were less pronounced in WFS microbial community assembly. Notably, IMT shrimp from WFS donors eventually developed WFS clinical signs, while the dysbiotic IM can be recharacterized in recipient shrimp. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our findings offer solid evidence of the causality between IM dysbiosis and shrimp WFS, which exemplify the 'microecological Koch's postulates' (an intestinal microbiota dysbiosis, a disease) in disease etiology, and inspire our cogitation on etiology from an ecological perspective. Video abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijian Huang
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong People’s Republic of China
- Southern Marine Sciences and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong People’s Republic of China
- South China Sea Resource Exploitation and Protection Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong People’s Republic of China
| | - Shenzheng Zeng
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong People’s Republic of China
- South China Sea Resource Exploitation and Protection Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinbo Xiong
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dongwei Hou
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong People’s Republic of China
| | - Renjun Zhou
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong People’s Republic of China
| | - Chengguang Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong People’s Republic of China
| | - Dongdong Wei
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong People’s Republic of China
| | - Xisha Deng
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong People’s Republic of China
| | - Lingfei Yu
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong People’s Republic of China
| | - Hao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhixuan Deng
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong People’s Republic of China
| | - Shaoping Weng
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong People’s Republic of China
- Southern Marine Sciences and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong People’s Republic of China
| | | | - Daliang Ning
- Institute for Environmental Genomics, Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, and School of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK USA
| | - Jizhong Zhou
- Institute for Environmental Genomics, Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, and School of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK USA
| | - Jianguo He
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong People’s Republic of China
- Southern Marine Sciences and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong People’s Republic of China
- South China Sea Resource Exploitation and Protection Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong People’s Republic of China
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22
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Xu Z, Guan W, Xie D, Lu W, Ren X, Yuan J, Mao L. Evaluation of immunological response in shrimp Penaeus vannamei submitted to low temperature and air exposure. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 100:103413. [PMID: 31200007 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2019.103413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study is to explore the immune response of the shrimp Penaeus vannamei to low temperature and air exposure during the mimic waterless transportation. Shrimp were cold shocked at 13 °C for 3 min, then exposed to air at 15 °C for 12 h, and finally revived in water at 25 °C. Hemocyte structure remained intact with only slight distortions of some organelles and nuclear membrane under the stress. Phenoloxidase (PO), lysozyme (Lys) and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) activities, glutamine (Gln) content and relative mRNA expressions of prophenoloxidase (proPO), β-1,3-glucan binding protein (LGBP), ferrin (Fer) and glucose regulated protein 78 (GRP 78) increased and reached peak levels after 3 h-9 h of air exposure, and then decreased to relatively stable levels in the prolonged period of air exposure. The total hemocyte count (THC) and gene expressions of proPO, Fer and LGBP at the end of waterless storage were significantly lower (p < 0.05) than those in fresh shrimp while no significant difference (p ≥ 0.05) was found between revived and fresh shrimp in PO, Lys, GGT activities, Gln content and gene expression level of GRP 78. Of all the hemocytes, the percentage of semi granular cells (SGC) and granular cells (GC) significantly decreased after 6-9 h of storage, while hyaline cells (HC) dramatically increased after 9 h of storage to compensate the loss of SGC and GC. Results suggested that the low temperature and air exposure caused significant immunological response to the shrimp, but the damages to the immune system were partly reparable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihan Xu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Agro-Food Processing, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Department of Food Science, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand
| | - Weiliang Guan
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Agro-Food Processing, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Dandan Xie
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Agro-Food Processing, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Wenjing Lu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Agro-Food Processing, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xingchen Ren
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Agro-Food Processing, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jiajia Yuan
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Agro-Food Processing, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Linchun Mao
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Agro-Food Processing, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, 315100, China.
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23
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Xiong J, Dai W, Qiu Q, Zhu J, Yang W, Li C. Response of host-bacterial colonization in shrimp to developmental stage, environment and disease. Mol Ecol 2018; 27:3686-3699. [PMID: 30070062 DOI: 10.1111/mec.14822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The host-associated microbiota is increasingly recognized to facilitate host fitness, but the understanding of the underlying ecological processes that govern the host-bacterial colonization over development and, particularly, under disease remains scarce. Here, we tracked the gut microbiota of shrimp over developmental stages and in response to disease. The stage-specific gut microbiotas contributed parallel changes to the predicted functions, while shrimp disease decoupled this intimate association. After ruling out the age-discriminatory taxa, we identified key features indicative of shrimp health status. Structural equation modelling revealed that variations in rearing water led to significant changes in bacterioplankton communities, which subsequently affected the shrimp gut microbiota. However, shrimp gut microbiotas are not directly mirrored by the changes in rearing bacterioplankton communities. A neutral model analysis showed that the stochastic processes that govern gut microbiota tended to become more important as healthy shrimp aged, with 37.5% stochasticity in larvae linearly increasing to 60.4% in adults. However, this defined trend was skewed when disease occurred. This departure was attributed to the uncontrolled growth of two candidate pathogens (over-represented taxa). The co-occurrence patterns provided novel clues on how the gut commensals interact with candidate pathogens in sustaining shrimp health. Collectively, these findings offer updated insight into the ecological processes that govern the host-bacterial colonization in shrimp and provide a pathological understanding of polymicrobial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinbo Xiong
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Zhejiang Marine High-Efficiency and Healthy Aquaculture, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Wenfang Dai
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Zhejiang Marine High-Efficiency and Healthy Aquaculture, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Qiongfen Qiu
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Jinyong Zhu
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Wen Yang
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Chenghua Li
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Zhejiang Marine High-Efficiency and Healthy Aquaculture, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
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24
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Hou D, Huang Z, Zeng S, Liu J, Weng S, He J. Comparative analysis of the bacterial community compositions of the shrimp intestine, surrounding water and sediment. J Appl Microbiol 2018; 125:792-799. [PMID: 29777622 DOI: 10.1111/jam.13919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2017] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To reveal the relationship of the bacterial communities in shrimp intestine and surrounding environments. METHODS AND RESULTS We examined bacterial communities in the intestine of pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, the surrounding water and sediment by high-throughput sequencing analysis. Sequences were clustered into operational taxonomic units (OTUs) at 97% similarity levels, which ranged from 4956 to 5976 in each sample. All OTUs were affiliated with at least 64 phyla. The 10 most abundant phyla were Proteobacteria, Cyanobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Chloroflexi, Firmicutes, Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, Planctomycetes, Gemmatimonadetes and Verrucomicrobia. The relationship of bacterial communities in the intestine and the surroundings was also investigated. A total of 1395 OTUs shared in the three habitats, accounting for 80, 65 and 77% in the intestine, the surrounding water and sediment respectively. There were 352, 891, 833 unique OTUs in intestine, surrounding water and sediment. Welch's t-test analysis showed that the abundances of some taxa were significantly different between the shrimp intestine and surroundings. Unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic mean analysis revealed that there was a generally similar bacterial community composition in three environments. CONCLUSIONS These results showed that the bacterial compositions are mostly the same in shrimp intestine, water and sediment, but with different relative abundances of the bacterial communities. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This study provided valuable findings on the relationship of the bacterial communities in shrimp intestine, the surrounding water and sediment, which can expand our knowledge of the broad trend on bacterial community in shrimp cultural ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Z Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - S Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - J Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - S Weng
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - J He
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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25
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Hou D, Huang Z, Zeng S, Liu J, Wei D, Deng X, Weng S, Yan Q, He J. Intestinal bacterial signatures of white feces syndrome in shrimp. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018. [PMID: 29516144 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-8855-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that the intestinal microbiota is closely correlated with the host's health status. Thus, a serious disturbance that disrupts the stability of the intestinal microecosystem could cause host disease. Shrimps are one of the most important products among fishery trading commodities. However, digestive system diseases, such as white feces syndrome (WFS), frequently occur in shrimp culture and have led to enormous economic losses across the world. The WFS occurrences are unclear. Here, we compared intestinal bacterial communities of WFS shrimp and healthy shrimp. Intestinal bacterial communities of WFS shrimp exhibited less diversity but were more heterogeneous than those of healthy shrimp. The intestinal bacterial communities were significantly different between WFS shrimp and healthy shrimp; compared with healthy shrimp, in WFS shrimp, Candidatus Bacilloplasma and Phascolarctobacterium were overrepresented, whereas Paracoccus and Lactococcus were underrepresented. PICRUSt functional predictions indicated that the relative abundances of genes involved in energy metabolism and genetic information processing were significantly greater in WFS shrimp. Collectively, we found that the composition and predicted functions of the intestinal bacterial community were markedly shifted by WFS. Significant increases in Candidatus Bacilloplasma and Phascolarctobacterium and decreases in Paracoccus and Lactococcus may contribute to WFS in shrimp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongwei Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhijian Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shenzheng Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongdong Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Xisha Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaoping Weng
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingyun Yan
- Environmental Microbiomics Research Center and School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianguo He
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China.
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China.
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26
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Dai W, Yu W, Xuan L, Tao Z, Xiong J. Integrating molecular and ecological approaches to identify potential polymicrobial pathogens over a shrimp disease progression. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018. [PMID: 29516148 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-8891-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
It is now recognized that some gut diseases attribute to polymicrobial pathogens infections. Thus, traditional isolation of single pathogen from disease subjects could bias the identification of causal agents. To fill this gap, using Illumina sequencing of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene, we explored the dynamics of gut bacterial communities over a shrimp disease progression. The results showed significant differences in the gut bacterial communities between healthy and diseased shrimp. Potential pathogens were inferred by a local pathogens database, of which two OTUs (affiliated with Vibrio tubiashii and Vibrio harveyi) exhibited significantly higher abundances in diseased shrimp as compared to healthy subjects. The two OTUs cumulatively contributed 64.5% dissimilarity in the gut microbiotas between shrimp health status. Notably, the random Forest model depicted that profiles of the two OTUs contributed 78.5% predicted accuracy of shrimp health status. Removal of the two OTUs from co-occurrence networks led to network fragmentation, suggesting their gatekeeper features. For these evidences, the two OTUs were inferred as candidate pathogens. Three virulence genes (bca, tlpA, and fdeC) that were coded by the two candidate pathogens were inferred by a virulence factor database, which were enriched significantly (P < 0.05 in the three cases, as validated by qPCR) in diseased shrimp as compared to healthy ones. The two candidate pathogens were repressed by Flavobacteriaceae, Garvieae, and Photobacrerium species in healthy shrimp, while these interactions shifted into synergy in disease cohorts. Collectively, our findings offer a frame to identify potential polymicrobial pathogen infections from an ecological perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfang Dai
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Zhejiang Marine High-Efficiency and Healthy Aquaculture, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Weina Yu
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Zhejiang Marine High-Efficiency and Healthy Aquaculture, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Lixia Xuan
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Zhen Tao
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Jinbo Xiong
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center for Zhejiang Marine High-Efficiency and Healthy Aquaculture, Ningbo, 315211, China.
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27
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Rizan N, Yew CY, Niknam MR, Krishnasamy J, Bhassu S, Hong GZ, Devadas S, Din MSM, Tajuddin HA, Othman RY, Phang SM, Iwamoto M, Periasamy V. Electronic Properties of Synthetic Shrimp Pathogens-derived DNA Schottky Diodes. Sci Rep 2018; 8:896. [PMID: 29343758 PMCID: PMC5772554 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-18825-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The exciting discovery of the semiconducting-like properties of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and its potential applications in molecular genetics and diagnostics in recent times has resulted in a paradigm shift in biophysics research. Recent studies in our laboratory provide a platform towards detecting charge transfer mechanism and understanding the electronic properties of DNA based on the sequence-specific electronic response, which can be applied as an alternative to identify or detect DNA. In this study, we demonstrate a novel method for identification of DNA from different shrimp viruses and bacteria using electronic properties of DNA obtained from both negative and positive bias regions in current-voltage (I–V) profiles. Characteristic electronic properties were calculated and used for quantification and further understanding in the identification process. Aquaculture in shrimp industry is a fast-growing food sector throughout the world. However, shrimp culture in many Asian countries faced a huge economic loss due to disease outbreaks. Scientists have been using specific established methods for detecting shrimp infection, but those methods do have their significant drawbacks due to many inherent factors. As such, we believe that this simple, rapid, sensitive and cost-effective tool can be used for detection and identification of DNA from different shrimp viruses and bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nastaran Rizan
- Low Dimensional Materials Research Centre (LDMRC), Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chan Yen Yew
- Low Dimensional Materials Research Centre (LDMRC), Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Centre for Research in Biotechnology for Agriculture (CEBAR), University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Maryam Rajabpour Niknam
- Low Dimensional Materials Research Centre (LDMRC), Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,High Impact Research (HIR) Functional Molecules Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jegenathan Krishnasamy
- Low Dimensional Materials Research Centre (LDMRC), Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Subha Bhassu
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Centre for Research in Biotechnology for Agriculture (CEBAR), University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Goh Zee Hong
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Centre for Research in Biotechnology for Agriculture (CEBAR), University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sridevi Devadas
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Centre for Research in Biotechnology for Agriculture (CEBAR), University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Hairul Anuar Tajuddin
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rofina Yasmin Othman
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Centre for Research in Biotechnology for Agriculture (CEBAR), University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Siew Moi Phang
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
| | - Mitsumasa Iwamoto
- Department of Physical Electronics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8552, Japan
| | - Vengadesh Periasamy
- Low Dimensional Materials Research Centre (LDMRC), Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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28
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Xu Z, Regenstein JM, Xie D, Lu W, Ren X, Yuan J, Mao L. The oxidative stress and antioxidant responses of Litopenaeus vannamei to low temperature and air exposure. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 72:564-571. [PMID: 29133253 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Low temperature and air exposure were the key attributes for waterless transportation of fish and shrimp. In order to investigate the oxidative stress and antioxidant responses of the live shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei in the mimic waterless transportation, live shrimp were cooled at 13 °C for 3 min, stored in oxygen at 15 °C for 12 h, and then revived in water at 25 °C. The survival rate of shrimp under this waterless transportation system was over 86.67%. The ultrastructure of hepatopancreas cells were observed while activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), antisuperoxide anion free radicals (ASAFR), total antioxidant capacity (TAOC), reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and relative mRNA expressions of CAT and GSH-Px in the hemolymph and hepatopancreas were determined. Slight distortions of some organelles in hepatopancreas cells was reversible upon the shrimp revived from the cold shock. The activities of SOD, POD, CAT, GSH-Px, TAOC, ROS production and relative mRNA expressions of CAT and GSH-Px increased following the cold shock and reached peak levels after 3 or 6 h of storage, and then decreased gradually. There was no significant difference between the fresh and the revived shrimp in SOD, POD, GSH-Px, TAOC, ROS, MDA and relative mRNA expressions of CAT and GSH-Px. The oxidative stress and antioxidant responses were tissue-specific because hepatopancreas seemed to have a greater ability to defend against organelle damage and was more sensitive to stress than hemolymph based on the results of SOD activity, MDA content and GSH-Px mRNA expression. These results revealed that low temperature and air exposure caused significant oxidative and antioxidant responses, but did not lead to irreversible damages in this waterless system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihan Xu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Department of Food Science, Cornell University, 14853-7201, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Joe M Regenstein
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, 14853-7201, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Dandan Xie
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenjing Lu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xingchen Ren
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiajia Yuan
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Linchun Mao
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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29
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Feng B, Liu H, Wang M, Sun X, Pan Y, Zhao Y. Diversity analysis of acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease-positive Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains. AQUACULTURE AND FISHERIES 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aaf.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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30
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Enrofloxacin stimulates cell death in several tissues of vannamei shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00580-016-2384-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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31
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Morales-Covarrubias MS, García-Aguilar N, Bolan-Mejía MD, Puello-Cruz AC. Evaluation of medicinal plants and colloidal silver efficiency against Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection in Litopenaeus vannamei cultured at low salinity. DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS 2016; 122:57-65. [PMID: 27901504 DOI: 10.3354/dao03060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In shrimp aquaculture, reduction in the use of synthetic antibiotics is a priority due to the high incidence of resistant bacteria (Vibrio) in the white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. An increasing number of studies show bactericidal activity of natural treatments in aquaculture. The effectiveness of neem (Azadirachta indica) and oregano (Lippia berlandieri) aqueous extracts and colloidal silver against V. parahaemolyticus were evaluated in low salinity shrimp culture. Results show that aqueous extracts of oregano and neem each present a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 62.50 mg ml-1 and inhibitory halos of 12.0 to 19.0 mm. Colloidal silver gave a MIC of 2 mg ml-1, and the inhibitory halos were found to be between 11.8 and 18.8 mm, depending on treatment concentrations. An in vivo challenge test was conducted on white shrimp postlarvae cultured at low salinity (5 practical salinity units, PSU), and a significant increase (p < 0.05) in survival was demonstrated in the presence of the aqueous extracts (oregano 64%, neem 76% and colloidal silver 90%), when compared to the control (0%) in the challenge test. However, no significant differences were observed between treatments, suggesting that they all act as alternative bactericidal source agents against V. parahaemolyticus infections for L. vannamei postlarvae when cultured at 5 PSU.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Soledad Morales-Covarrubias
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A. C. Unidad Mazatlán en Acuicultura y Manejo Ambiental en Mazatlán, Avenida Sábalo Cerritos s/n, Mazatlán, 82100, Sinaloa, Mexico
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32
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Tang KFJ, Han JE, Aranguren LF, White-Noble B, Schmidt MM, Piamsomboon P, Risdiana E, Hanggono B. Dense populations of the microsporidian Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP) in feces of Penaeus vannamei exhibiting white feces syndrome and pathways of their transmission to healthy shrimp. J Invertebr Pathol 2016; 140:1-7. [PMID: 27530403 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2016.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Revised: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
White feces syndrome (WFS) is an emerging problem for penaeid shrimp farming industries in SE Asia countries, Thailand, Malaysia, Vietnam, Indonesia, China, and in India. This occurrence of this syndrome is usually first evidenced by the appearance of white fecal strings floating on surface of the shrimp ponds. The gross signs of affected shrimp include the appearance of a whitish hindgut and loose carapace, and it is associated with reduced feeding and growth retardation. To investigate the nature of the white feces syndrome, samples of white feces and shrimp hepatopancreas tissue were collected from Penaeus vannamei in affected farms in Indonesia, and these were examined histologically. Within the white feces, we found densely packed spores of the microsporidian Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (abbreviated as EHP) and relatively fewer numbers of rod-shaped bacteria. From WFS ponds, hepatopancreas samples form 30 individual shrimp were analyzed by histology and in situ hybridization. The results showed that all of the shrimp examined were infected with EHP accompanied by septic hepatopancreatic necrosis (SHPN). Midgut epithelial cells were also infected and this increased the number of tissue types being affected by EHP. By PCR, EHP was detected in all the samples analyzed from WFS-affected ponds, but not in those sampled from healthy shrimp ponds. To determine the modes of transmission for this parasite, we performed feeding and cohabitation bioassays, the results showed that EHP can be transmitted through per os feeding of EHP-infected hepatopancreas tissue to healthy shrimp and through cohabitation ofinfected and healthy shrimp. In addition, we found the use of Fumagillin-B, an antimicrobial agent, was ineffective in either reducing or eliminating EHP in infected shrimp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathy F J Tang
- Aquaculture Pathology Laboratory, School of Animal & Comparative Biochemical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
| | - Jee Eun Han
- Aquaculture Pathology Laboratory, School of Animal & Comparative Biochemical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Luis Fernando Aranguren
- Aquaculture Pathology Laboratory, School of Animal & Comparative Biochemical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Brenda White-Noble
- Aquaculture Pathology Laboratory, School of Animal & Comparative Biochemical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Margeaux M Schmidt
- Aquaculture Pathology Laboratory, School of Animal & Comparative Biochemical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Patharapol Piamsomboon
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hatyai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | | | - Bambang Hanggono
- Fish Health and Environmental Laboratory, Brackishwater Aquaculture Development Center Situbondo, Indonesia
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