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Xie Q, Liao X, Huang B, Wang L, Liao G, Luo C, Wen S, Fang S, Luo H, Shu Y. The truncated IFITM3 facilitates the humoral immune response in inactivated influenza vaccine-vaccinated mice via interaction with CD81. Emerg Microbes Infect 2023; 12:2246599. [PMID: 37556756 PMCID: PMC10484049 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2023.2246599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
A single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs12252-C of interferon-induced transmembrane protein 3 (IFITM3), resulting in a truncated IFITM3 protein lacking 21 N-terminus amino acids, is associated with severe influenza infection in the Chinese population. However, the effect of IFITM3 rs12252-C on influenza vaccination and the underlying mechanism is poorly understood. Here, we constructed a mouse model with a deletion of 21 amino acids at the N-terminus (NΔ21) of IFITM3 and then compared the antibody response between Quadrivalent influenza vaccine (QIV) immunized wild-type (WT) mice and NΔ21 mice. Significantly higher levels of haemagglutination inhibition (HI) titre, neutralizing antibodies (NAb), and immunoglobulin G (IgG) to H1N1, H3N2, B/Victory, and B/Yamagata viruses were observed in NΔ21 mice compared to WT mice. Correspondingly, the numbers of splenic germinal centre (GC) B cells, plasma cells, memory B cells, QIV-specific IgG+ antibody-secreting cells (ASC), and T follicular helper cells (TFH) in NΔ21 mice were higher compared with WT mice. Moreover, the 21-amino-acid deletion caused IFITM3 translocation from the endocytosis compartment to the periphery of cells, which also prevented the degradation of a co-stimulatory molecule of B cell receptor (BCR) CD81 on the cell surface. More importantly, a more interaction was observed between NΔ21 protein and CD81 compared to the interaction between IFITM3 and CD81. Overall, our study revealed a potential mechanism of NΔ21 protein enhancing humoral immune response by relocation to prevent the degradation of CD81, providing insight into SNP affecting influenza vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Xie
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinzhong Liao
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bi Huang
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liangliang Wang
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guancheng Liao
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chuming Luo
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Simin Wen
- Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, the Second Affiliated Hospital of South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shisong Fang
- Pathogenic Microorganism Testing Institute, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huanle Luo
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuelong Shu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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Meischel T, Fritzlar S, Villalón-Letelier F, Smith JM, Brooks AG, Reading PC, Londrigan SL. Caveats of Using Overexpression Approaches to Screen Cellular Host IFITM Proteins for Antiviral Activity. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12040519. [PMID: 37111405 PMCID: PMC10145288 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12040519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Ectopic protein overexpression in immortalised cell lines is a commonly used method to screen host factors for their antiviral activity against different viruses. However, the question remains as to what extent such artificial protein overexpression recapitulates endogenous protein function. Previously, we used a doxycycline-inducible overexpression system, in conjunction with approaches to modulate the expression of endogenous protein, to demonstrate the antiviral activity of IFITM1, IFITM2, and IFITM3 against influenza A virus (IAV) but not parainfluenza virus-3 (PIV-3) in A549 cells. We now show that constitutive overexpression of the same IFITM constructs in A549 cells led to a significant restriction of PIV-3 infection by all three IFITM proteins. Variable IFITM mRNA and protein expression levels were detected in A549 cells with constitutive versus inducible overexpression of each IFITM. Our findings show that overexpression approaches can lead to levels of IFITM1, IFITM2, and IFITM3 that significantly exceed those achieved through interferon stimulation of endogenous protein. We propose that exceedingly high levels of overexpressed IFITMs may not accurately reflect the true function of endogenous protein, thus contributing to discrepancies when attributing the antiviral activity of individual IFITM proteins against different viruses. Our findings clearly highlight the caveats associated with overexpression approaches used to screen cellular host proteins for antiviral activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Meischel
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, 792 Elizabeth St., Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Svenja Fritzlar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, 792 Elizabeth St., Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Fernando Villalón-Letelier
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, 792 Elizabeth St., Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Jeffrey M. Smith
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, 792 Elizabeth St., Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Andrew G. Brooks
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, 792 Elizabeth St., Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Patrick C. Reading
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, 792 Elizabeth St., Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, 792 Elizabeth St., Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Sarah L. Londrigan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, 792 Elizabeth St., Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-3-8344-5708
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Comparison of a Genotype 1 and a Genotype 2 Macaque Foamy Virus env Gene Indicates Distinct Infectivity and Cell-Cell Fusion but Similar Tropism and Restriction of Cell Entry by Interferon-Induced Transmembrane Proteins. Viruses 2023; 15:v15020262. [PMID: 36851478 PMCID: PMC9960098 DOI: 10.3390/v15020262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Foamy viruses (FVs) are naturally found in many different animals and also in primates with the notable exception of humans, but zoonotic infections are common. In several species, two different envelope (env) gene sequence clades or genotypes exist. We constructed a simian FV (SFV) clone containing a reporter gene cassette. In this background, we compared the env genes of the SFVmmu-DPZ9524 (genotype 1) and of the SFVmmu_R289hybAGM (genotype 2) isolates. SFVmmu_R289hybAGM env-driven infection was largely resistant to neutralization by SFVmmu-DPZ9524-neutralizing sera. While SFVmmu_R289hybAGM env consistently effected higher infectivity and cell-cell fusion, we found no differences in the cell tropism conferred by either env across a range of different cells. Infection by both viruses was weakly and non-significantly enhanced by simultaneous knockout of interferon-induced transmembrane proteins (IFITMs) 1, 2, and 3 in A549 cells, irrespective of prior interferon stimulation. Infection was modestly reduced by recombinant overexpression of IFITM3, suggesting that the SFV entry step might be weakly restricted by IFITM3 under some conditions. Overall, our results suggest that the different env gene clades in macaque foamy viruses induce genotype-specific neutralizing antibodies without exhibiting overt differences in cell tropism, but individual env genes may differ significantly with regard to fitness.
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Interferon-Induced Transmembrane Proteins Inhibit Infection by the Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus and the Related Rhesus Monkey Rhadinovirus in a Cell-Specific Manner. mBio 2021; 12:e0211321. [PMID: 34933450 PMCID: PMC8689460 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02113-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The interferon-induced transmembrane proteins (IFITMs) are broad-spectrum antiviral proteins that inhibit the entry of enveloped viruses. We analyzed the effect of IFITMs on the gamma-2 herpesviruses Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) and the closely related rhesus monkey rhadinovirus (RRV). We used CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene knockout to generate A549 cells, human foreskin fibroblasts (HFF), and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) with combined IFITM1/2/3 knockout and identified IFITMs as cell-dependent inhibitors of KSHV and RRV infection in A549 cells and HFF but not HUVEC. IFITM overexpression revealed IFITM1 as the relevant IFITM that inhibits KSHV and RRV infection. Fluorescent KSHV particles did not pronouncedly colocalize with IFITM-positive compartments. However, we found that KSHV and RRV glycoprotein-mediated cell-cell fusion is enhanced upon IFITM1/2/3 knockout. Taken together, we identified IFITM1 as a cell-dependent restriction factor of KSHV and RRV that acts at the level of membrane fusion. Of note, our results indicate that recombinant IFITM overexpression may lead to results that are not representative for the situation at endogenous levels. Strikingly, we observed that the endotheliotropic KSHV circumvents IFITM-mediated restriction in HUVEC despite high IFITM expression, while influenza A virus (IAV) glycoprotein-driven entry into HUVEC is potently restricted by IFITMs even in the absence of interferon. Mechanistically, we found that KSHV colocalizes less with IFITM1 and IFITM2 in HUVEC than in A549 cells immediately after attachment, potentially contributing to the observed difference in restriction. IMPORTANCE IFITM proteins are the first line of defense against infection by many pathogens and may also have therapeutic importance, as they, among other effectors, mediate the antiviral effect of interferons. Neither their function against herpesviruses nor their mechanism of action is well understood. We report here that in some cells but not in, for example, primary umbilical vein endothelial cells, IFITM1 restricts KSHV and RRV and that, mechanistically, this is likely effected by reducing the fusogenicity of the cell membrane. Further, we demonstrate potent inhibition of IAV glycoprotein-driven infection of cells of extrapulmonary origin by high constitutive IFITM expression.
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Franz S, Pott F, Zillinger T, Schüler C, Dapa S, Fischer C, Passos V, Stenzel S, Chen F, Döhner K, Hartmann G, Sodeik B, Pessler F, Simmons G, Drexler JF, Goffinet C. Human IFITM3 restricts chikungunya virus and Mayaro virus infection and is susceptible to virus-mediated counteraction. Life Sci Alliance 2021; 4:e202000909. [PMID: 34078739 PMCID: PMC8200292 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202000909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferon-induced transmembrane (IFITM) proteins restrict membrane fusion and virion internalization of several enveloped viruses. The role of IFITM proteins during alphaviral infection of human cells and viral counteraction strategies are insufficiently understood. Here, we characterized the impact of human IFITMs on the entry and spread of chikungunya virus and Mayaro virus and provide first evidence for a CHIKV-mediated antagonism of IFITMs. IFITM1, 2, and 3 restricted infection at the level of alphavirus glycoprotein-mediated entry, both in the context of direct infection and cell-to-cell transmission. Relocalization of normally endosomal IFITM3 to the plasma membrane resulted in loss of antiviral activity. rs12252-C, a naturally occurring variant of IFITM3 that may associate with severe influenza in humans, restricted CHIKV, MAYV, and influenza A virus infection as efficiently as wild-type IFITM3 Antivirally active IFITM variants displayed reduced cell surface levels in CHIKV-infected cells involving a posttranscriptional process mediated by one or several nonstructural protein(s) of CHIKV. Finally, IFITM3-imposed reduction of specific infectivity of nascent particles provides a rationale for the necessity of a virus-encoded counteraction strategy against this restriction factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergej Franz
- Institute of Experimental Virology, TWINCORE Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a Joint Venture Between the Hannover Medical School (MHH) and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Hannover, Germany
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Fabian Pott
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Virology, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Zillinger
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital, Venusberg-Campus 1, Bonn, Germany
| | - Christiane Schüler
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Virology, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sandra Dapa
- Institute of Experimental Virology, TWINCORE Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a Joint Venture Between the Hannover Medical School (MHH) and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Hannover, Germany
| | - Carlo Fischer
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Virology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Vânia Passos
- Institute of Experimental Virology, TWINCORE Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a Joint Venture Between the Hannover Medical School (MHH) and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Hannover, Germany
| | - Saskia Stenzel
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Virology, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Fangfang Chen
- Research Group Biomarkers for Infectious Diseases, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a Joint Venture Between the Hanover Medical School (MHH) and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Hanover, Germany
| | - Katinka Döhner
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Gunther Hartmann
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Virology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Beate Sodeik
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Frank Pessler
- Research Group Biomarkers for Infectious Diseases, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a Joint Venture Between the Hanover Medical School (MHH) and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Hanover, Germany
| | | | - Jan Felix Drexler
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Virology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christine Goffinet
- Institute of Experimental Virology, TWINCORE Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a Joint Venture Between the Hannover Medical School (MHH) and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Hannover, Germany
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Virology, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Lanz C, Schotsaert M, Magnus C, Karakus U, Hunziker A, Sempere Borau M, Martínez-Romero C, Spieler EE, Günther SC, Moritz E, Hale BG, Trkola A, García-Sastre A, Stertz S. IFITM3 incorporation sensitizes influenza A virus to antibody-mediated neutralization. J Exp Med 2021; 218:212014. [PMID: 33882122 PMCID: PMC8072448 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20200303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The disease severity of influenza is highly variable in humans, and one genetic determinant behind these differences is the IFITM3 gene. As an effector of the interferon response, IFITM3 potently blocks cytosolic entry of influenza A virus (IAV). Here, we reveal a novel level of inhibition by IFITM3 in vivo: We show that incorporation of IFITM3 into IAV particles competes with incorporation of viral hemagglutinin (HA). Decreased virion HA levels did not reduce infectivity, suggesting that high HA density on IAV virions may be an antagonistic strategy used by the virus to prevent direct inhibition. However, we found that IFITM3-mediated reduction in HA content sensitizes IAV to antibody-mediated neutralization. Mathematical modeling predicted that this effect decreases and delays peak IAV titers, and we show that, indeed, IFITM3-mediated sensitization of IAV to antibody-mediated neutralization impacts infection outcome in an in vivo mouse model. Overall, our data describe a previously unappreciated interplay between the innate effector IFITM3 and the adaptive immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Lanz
- Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Life Sciences Zurich Graduate School, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Schotsaert
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY.,Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Carsten Magnus
- Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zurich, Basel, Switzerland.,Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Umut Karakus
- Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Annika Hunziker
- Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Life Sciences Zurich Graduate School, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Milagros Sempere Borau
- Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Life Sciences Zurich Graduate School, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Carles Martínez-Romero
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY.,Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Eva E Spieler
- Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Life Sciences Zurich Graduate School, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sira C Günther
- Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Life Sciences Zurich Graduate School, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Eva Moritz
- Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin G Hale
- Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alexandra Trkola
- Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Adolfo García-Sastre
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY.,Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY.,Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY.,The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Silke Stertz
- Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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McKellar J, Rebendenne A, Wencker M, Moncorgé O, Goujon C. Mammalian and Avian Host Cell Influenza A Restriction Factors. Viruses 2021; 13:522. [PMID: 33810083 PMCID: PMC8005160 DOI: 10.3390/v13030522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The threat of a new influenza pandemic is real. With past pandemics claiming millions of lives, finding new ways to combat this virus is essential. Host cells have developed a multi-modular system to detect incoming pathogens, a phenomenon called sensing. The signaling cascade triggered by sensing subsequently induces protection for themselves and their surrounding neighbors, termed interferon (IFN) response. This response induces the upregulation of hundreds of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs), including antiviral effectors, establishing an antiviral state. As well as the antiviral proteins induced through the IFN system, cells also possess a so-called intrinsic immunity, constituted of antiviral proteins that are constitutively expressed, creating a first barrier preceding the induction of the interferon system. All these combined antiviral effectors inhibit the virus at various stages of the viral lifecycle, using a wide array of mechanisms. Here, we provide a review of mammalian and avian influenza A restriction factors, detailing their mechanism of action and in vivo relevance, when known. Understanding their mode of action might help pave the way for the development of new influenza treatments, which are absolutely required if we want to be prepared to face a new pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe McKellar
- Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, CEDEX 5, 34293 Montpellier, France; (J.M.); (A.R.)
| | - Antoine Rebendenne
- Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, CEDEX 5, 34293 Montpellier, France; (J.M.); (A.R.)
| | - Mélanie Wencker
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, INSERM/CNRS/UCBL1/ENS de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France;
| | - Olivier Moncorgé
- Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, CEDEX 5, 34293 Montpellier, France; (J.M.); (A.R.)
| | - Caroline Goujon
- Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, CEDEX 5, 34293 Montpellier, France; (J.M.); (A.R.)
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8
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Interferon-Induced Transmembrane Protein 3 Expression Upregulation Is Involved in Progression of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:5612138. [PMID: 33816616 PMCID: PMC7990528 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5612138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Interferon-induced transmembrane protein 3 (IFITM3) is a key signaling molecule regulating cell growth in some tumors, but its function and mechanism in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain unknown. Our study investigated the relationship between the expression of IFITM3 and HCC development. Material and Methods. IFITM3 expression was identified via multiple gene expression databases and investigated in HCC tissue samples. Then, PLC/PRF/5 cells were transfected with lentivirus to knock down and overexpress the expression of IFITM3. IFITM3 expression, cell proliferation, and migration were detected by qRT-PCR, western blotting, QuantiGene Plex 2.0 assay, immunohistochemistry, CCK-8, and wound healing tests. RNA-seq technology identified the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway as an IFITM3-related signaling pathway for investigation. Results IFITM3 expression was higher in HCC tissues than in adjacent normal tissues, and the level of IFITM3 was higher in HCC tissues with low differentiation and metastatic potential than in those with high/medium differentiation and without metastatic potential. A higher RNA level of IFITM3 was found in samples with IFITM3 rs12252-CC genotype rather than the TT genotype. Knockdown of IFITM3 in PLC/PRF/5 cells inhibited cell proliferation and migration, blocked the expression of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, and decreased the expression of vimentin. The results were opposite with the overexpression of IFITM3. Conclusion Upregulation of IFITM3 plays a role in the development of HCC. Possibly through regulating HCC cell proliferation and migration, these effects are associated with the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Upregulation of IFITM3 is also associated with the IFITM3 rs12252-CC genotype.
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Wang Y, Luo Q, Guan Y, Fan D, Luan G, Jing A. HCMV infection and IFITM3 rs12252 are associated with Rasmussen's encephalitis disease progression. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2021; 8:558-570. [PMID: 33465303 PMCID: PMC7951106 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.51289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Rasmussen's encephalitis (RE) is a rare and severe progressive epileptic syndrome with unknown etiology. Infection by viruses such as human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) has been hypothesized to be a potential trigger for RE. Interferon-induced transmembrane protein-3 (IFITM3) single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs12252 is associated with the severity of viral infection disease. This study aimed to address the possibility that HCMV infection and IFITM3 rs12252 might be associated with RE disease progression. METHODS The expression of HCMV and IFITM3 was detected with immunohistochemical staining, in situ hybridization and immunofluorescence double staining. The genotype of IFITM3 rs12252 was detected using the Sanger sequencing method. A genetic association analysis was carried out for this SNP and HCMV antigen expression. The relationship between this SNP and the clinical characteristics of these patients was further analyzed. In in vitro study, HCMV replication in SH-SY5Y cells with overexpressed IFITM3 variant was detected by immunofluorescence and real-time RT-PCR. RESULTS Elevated expression of HCMV and IFITM3 was observed in the brain tissue of RE patients. Moreover, the IFITM3 polymorphism rs12252-C was found to associate with HCMV high detection and rapid disease progression in RE patients with the IFITM3 rs12252-CC genotype. In vitro study showed the overexpressed IFITM3 variant was associated with HCMV high infection level. CONCLUSION These results suggest that the IFITM3 rs12252-C is associated with the disease progression of RE patients via facilitating persistent HCMV infection in brain tissue and provides new insight into understanding the pathogenesis of RE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi‐Song Wang
- Department of MicrobiologyCapital Medical University School of Basic Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Qiao‐Li Luo
- Department of MicrobiologyCapital Medical University School of Basic Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Yu‐Guang Guan
- Department of NeurosurgeryCapital Medical University Sanbo Brain HospitalBeijingChina
- Beijing Institute for Brain DisordersBeijingChina
| | - Dong‐Ying Fan
- Department of MicrobiologyCapital Medical University School of Basic Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Guo‐Ming Luan
- Department of NeurosurgeryCapital Medical University Sanbo Brain HospitalBeijingChina
- Beijing Institute for Brain DisordersBeijingChina
| | - An Jing
- Department of MicrobiologyCapital Medical University School of Basic Medical SciencesBeijingChina
- Beijing Institute for Brain DisordersBeijingChina
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10
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Iyer GR, Samajder S, Zubeda S, S DSN, Mali V, Pv SK, Sharma A, Abbas NZ, Bora NS, Narravula A, Hasan Q. Infectivity and Progression of COVID-19 Based on Selected Host Candidate Gene Variants. Front Genet 2020; 11:861. [PMID: 33101356 PMCID: PMC7500201 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has spread around the globe. Susceptibility has been associated with age, biological sex, and other prior existing health conditions. However, host genes are involved in viral infectivity and pathogenicity, and polymorphisms in these could be responsible for the interethnic/interindividual variability observed in infection and progression of COVID-19. Materials and Methods: Clinical exome data of 103 individuals was analyzed to identify sequence variants in five selected candidate genes: ACE2, TMPRSS2, CD209, IFITM3, and MUC5B to assess their prevalence and role to understand the COVID-19 infectivity and progression in our population. Results: A total of 497 polymorphisms were identified in the five selected genes in the exomes analyzed. Thirty-eight polymorphisms identified in our cohort have been reported earlier in literature and have functional significance or association with health conditions. These variants were classified into three groups: protective, susceptible, and responsible for comorbidities. Discussion and Conclusion: The two polymorphisms described in literature as risk inducing are rs35705950 in MUC5B gene and TMPRSS2 haplotype (rs463727, rs34624090, rs55964536, rs734056, rs4290734, rs34783969, rs11702475, rs35899679, and rs35041537) were absent in our cohort explaining the slower infectivity of the disease in this part of India. The 38 functional variants identified can be used as a predisposition panel for the COVID-19 infectivity and progression and stratify individuals as "high or low risk," which would help in planning appropriate surveillance and management protocols. A larger study from different regions of India is warranted to validate these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayatri R Iyer
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Kamineni Hospitals, Hyderabad, India.,Department of Genetics, Osmania University, Hyderabad, India
| | - Sayani Samajder
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Kamineni Hospitals, Hyderabad, India
| | - Syeda Zubeda
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Kamineni Hospitals, Hyderabad, India
| | | | - Vishakha Mali
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Kamineni Hospitals, Hyderabad, India
| | - Sharath Krishnan Pv
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Kamineni Hospitals, Hyderabad, India
| | - Anuradha Sharma
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Kamineni Hospitals, Hyderabad, India
| | | | | | - Amulya Narravula
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Kamineni Hospitals, Hyderabad, India
| | - Qurratulain Hasan
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Kamineni Hospitals, Hyderabad, India
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11
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Martin MF, Nisole S. West Nile Virus Restriction in Mosquito and Human Cells: A Virus under Confinement. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:E256. [PMID: 32485916 PMCID: PMC7350012 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8020256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
West Nile virus (WNV) is an emerging neurotropic flavivirus that naturally circulates between mosquitoes and birds. However, WNV has a broad host range and can be transmitted from mosquitoes to several mammalian species, including humans, through infected saliva during a blood meal. Although WNV infections are mostly asymptomatic, 20% to 30% of cases are symptomatic and can occasionally lead to severe symptoms, including fatal meningitis or encephalitis. Over the past decades, WNV-carrying mosquitoes have become increasingly widespread across new regions, including North America and Europe, which constitutes a public health concern. Nevertheless, mosquito and human innate immune defenses can detect WNV infection and induce the expression of antiviral effectors, so-called viral restriction factors, to control viral propagation. Conversely, WNV has developed countermeasures to escape these host defenses, thus establishing a constant arms race between the virus and its hosts. Our review intends to cover most of the current knowledge on viral restriction factors as well as WNV evasion strategies in mosquito and human cells in order to bring an updated overview on WNV-host interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sébastien Nisole
- Viral Trafficking, Restriction and Innate Signaling Team, Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM), CNRS, 34090 Montpellier, France;
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12
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Haller O, Kochs G. Mx genes: host determinants controlling influenza virus infection and trans-species transmission. Hum Genet 2019; 139:695-705. [PMID: 31773252 PMCID: PMC7087808 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-019-02092-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The human MxA protein, encoded by the interferon-inducible MX1 gene, is an intracellular influenza A virus (IAV) restriction factor. It can protect transgenic mice from severe IAV-induced disease, indicating a key role of human MxA for host survival and suggesting that natural variations in MX1 may account for inter-individual differences in disease severity among humans. MxA also provides a robust barrier against zoonotic transmissions of avian and swine IAV strains. Therefore, zoonotic IAV must acquire MxA escape mutations to achieve sustained human-to-human transmission. Here, we discuss recent progress in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Otto Haller
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany. .,Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany. .,Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Georg Kochs
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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13
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Wellington D, Laurenson-Schafer H, Abdel-Haq A, Dong T. IFITM3: How genetics influence influenza infection demographically. Biomed J 2019; 42:19-26. [PMID: 30987701 PMCID: PMC6468115 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2019.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of host genetics in influenza infection is unclear despite decades of interest. Confounding factors such as age, sex, ethnicity and environmental factors have made it difficult to assess the role of genetics without influence. In recent years a single nucleotide polymorphism, interferon-induced transmembrane protein 3 (IFITM3) rs12252, has been shown to alter the severity of influenza infection in Asian populations. In this review we investigate this polymorphism as well as several others suggested to alter the host's defence against influenza infection. In addition, we highlight the open questions surrounding the viral restriction protein IFITM3 with the hope that by answering some of these questions we can elucidate the mechanism of IFITM3 viral restriction and therefore how this restriction is altered due to the rs12252 polymorphism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dannielle Wellington
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, WIMM, University of Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK; CAMS Oxford Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Oxford University, OX3 9FZ, UK.
| | - Henry Laurenson-Schafer
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, WIMM, University of Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK; CAMS Oxford Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Oxford University, OX3 9FZ, UK
| | - Adi Abdel-Haq
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, WIMM, University of Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK; Martin-Luther-University, Halle-Wittenberg, Germany
| | - Tao Dong
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, WIMM, University of Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK; CAMS Oxford Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Oxford University, OX3 9FZ, UK.
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14
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Spence JS, He R, Hoffmann HH, Das T, Thinon E, Rice CM, Peng T, Chandran K, Hang HC. IFITM3 directly engages and shuttles incoming virus particles to lysosomes. Nat Chem Biol 2019; 15:259-268. [PMID: 30643282 PMCID: PMC6466627 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-018-0213-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Interferon-induced transmembrane proteins (IFITMs 1, 2 and 3) have emerged as important innate immune effectors that prevent diverse virus infections in vertebrates. However, the cellular mechanisms and live-cell imaging of these small membrane proteins have been challenging to evaluate during viral entry of mammalian cells. Using CRISPR–Cas9-mediated IFITM-mutant cell lines, we demonstrate that human IFITM1, IFITM2 and IFITM3 act cooperatively and function in a dose-dependent fashion in interferon-stimulated cells. Through site-specific fluorophore tagging and live-cell imaging studies, we show that IFITM3 is on endocytic vesicles that fuse with incoming virus particles and enhances the trafficking of this pathogenic cargo to lysosomes. IFITM3 trafficking is specific to restricted viruses, requires S-palmitoylation and is abrogated with loss-of-function mutants. The site-specific protein labeling and live-cell imaging approaches described here should facilitate the functional analysis of host factors involved in pathogen restriction as well as their mechanisms of regulation. Live-cell imaging and virus trafficking studies show that the host innate immune receptor IFITM3 localizes with endocytic vesicles that fuse with incoming viruses to ultimately enhance their traffic to lysosomes.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer S Spence
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Ruina He
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Microbial Pathogenesis, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hans-Heinrich Hoffmann
- Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Disease, Center for the Study of Hepatitis C, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tandrila Das
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Microbial Pathogenesis, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Emmanuelle Thinon
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Microbial Pathogenesis, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Charles M Rice
- Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Disease, Center for the Study of Hepatitis C, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tao Peng
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Microbial Pathogenesis, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA. .,School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Kartik Chandran
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
| | - Howard C Hang
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Microbial Pathogenesis, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.
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15
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Zhao X, Li J, Winkler CA, An P, Guo JT. IFITM Genes, Variants, and Their Roles in the Control and Pathogenesis of Viral Infections. Front Microbiol 2019; 9:3228. [PMID: 30687247 PMCID: PMC6338058 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.03228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Interferon-induced transmembrane proteins (IFITMs) are a family of small proteins that localize in the plasma and endolysosomal membranes. IFITMs not only inhibit viral entry into host cells by interrupting the membrane fusion between viral envelope and cellular membranes, but also reduce the production of infectious virions or infectivity of progeny virions. Not surprisingly, some viruses can evade the restriction of IFITMs and even hijack the antiviral proteins to facilitate their infectious entry into host cells or promote the assembly of virions, presumably by modulating membrane fusion. Similar to many other host defense genes that evolve under the selective pressure of microorganism infection, IFITM genes evolved in an accelerated speed in vertebrates and many single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been identified in the human population, some of which have been associated with severity and prognosis of viral infection (e.g., influenza A virus). Here, we review the function and potential impact of genetic variation for IFITM restriction of viral infections. Continuing research efforts are required to decipher the molecular mechanism underlying the complicated interaction among IFITMs and viruses in an effort to determine their pathobiological roles in the context of viral infections in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuesen Zhao
- Institute of Infectious Disease, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Jiarui Li
- Institute of Infectious Disease, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Cheryl A Winkler
- Basic Research Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Ping An
- Basic Research Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Ju-Tao Guo
- Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Hepatitis B Foundation, Doylestown, PA, United States
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16
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Hou Y, Zhang Y, Qin L, Zhang C, Wang S, Chen D, Li A, Lou J, Yu Y, Dong T, Li N, Zhao Y. Interferon-induced transmembrane protein-3 rs12252-CC is associated with low differentiation and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e13996. [PMID: 30633185 PMCID: PMC6336587 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000013996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferon-induced transmembrane protein 3 (IFITM3) is a component of ISG (Interferon-Stimulated Gene) family. The association between IFITM3 and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been reported. While the relationship between this genetic variation and the progress of HCC remains unclear. To address this issue, we explore the relationship between the IFITM3-rs12252 genetic variants and the progression of HCC in this study.A total of 336 candidates were enrolled in the study, including 156 patients with HBV related HCC and 180 patients with chronic Hepatitis B infections or liver cirrhosis. Liver cirrhosis or chronic hepatitis B were diagnosed with clinical characteristics and staging, laboratory testing, and imaging results of viral infection and hepatic damage. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was employed to determine the gene polymorphism of IFITM3, and analyzed with the GraphPad Prism v 5.The patients with HCC had a significantly higher proportion of IFITM3 rs12252-CC as compared with the patients with chronic HBV infection or liver cirrhosis. Moreover, the distribution of CC genotype in HCC patients with low differentiation was significantly higher than that in those with high differentiation. Furthermore, the patients with CC genotype were found with bigger tumor size, higher percentage of vascular thrombosis, higher distribution of low differentiation and higher 5-year relapse rate than those with CT/TT genotypes.This study indicates a correlation between the IFITM3-rs12252 CC genotype and the progression of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yonghong Zhang
- Bioinformation Center, Beijing You’an hospital, Capital Medical University
| | - Ling Qin
- Bioinformation Center, Beijing You’an hospital, Capital Medical University
| | - Chi Zhang
- Bioinformation Center, Beijing You’an hospital, Capital Medical University
| | - Shanshan Wang
- Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing You’an Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Dexi Chen
- Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing You’an Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ang Li
- Bioinformation Center, Beijing You’an hospital, Capital Medical University
| | | | | | - Tao Dong
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Oxford University, UK
| | - Ning Li
- STD/AIDS Research Center, Department of Medicine, Beijing You’an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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17
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Abstract
In several lately published studies, the association between single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP, rs12252) of IFITM3 and the risk of influenza is inconsistent. To further understand the association between the SNP of IFITM3 and the risk of influenza, we searched related studies in five databases including PubMed published earlier than 9 November 2017. Ten sets of data from nine studies were included and data were analysed by Revman 5.0 and Stata 12.0 in our updated meta-analysis, which represented 1365 patients and 5425 no-influenza controls from four different ethnicities. Here strong association between rs12252 and influenza was found in all four genetic models. The significant differences in the allelic model (C vs. T: odds ratio (OR) = 1.35, 95% confidence interval (CI) (1.03–1.79), P = 0.03) and homozygote model (CC vs. TT: OR = 10.63, 95% CI (3.39–33.33), P < 0.00001) in the Caucasian subgroup were discovered, which is very novel and striking. Also novel discoveries were found in the allelic model (C vs. T: OR = 1.37, 95% CI (1.08–1.73), P = 0.009), dominant model (CC + CT vs. TT: OR = 1.48, 95% CI (1.08–2.02), P = 0.01) and homozygote model (CC vs. TT: OR = 2.84, 95% CI (1.36–5.92), P = 0.005) when we compared patients with mild influenza with healthy individuals. Our meta-analysis suggests that single-nucleotide T to C polymorphism of IFITM3 associated with increasingly risk of severe and mild influenza in both Asian and Caucasian populations.
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18
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Horman WSJ, Nguyen THO, Kedzierska K, Bean AGD, Layton DS. The Drivers of Pathology in Zoonotic Avian Influenza: The Interplay Between Host and Pathogen. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1812. [PMID: 30135686 PMCID: PMC6092596 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of zoonotic strains of avian influenza (AI) that cause high rates of mortality in people has caused significant global concern, with a looming threat that one of these strains may develop sustained human-to-human transmission and cause a pandemic outbreak. Most notable of these viral strains are the H5N1 highly pathogenic AI and the H7N9 low pathogenicity AI viruses, both of which have mortality rates above 30%. Understanding of their mechanisms of infection and pathobiology is key to our preparation for these and future viral strains of high consequence. AI viruses typically circulate in wild bird populations, commonly infecting waterfowl and also regularly entering commercial poultry flocks. Live poultry markets provide an ideal environment for the spread AI and potentially the selection of mutants with a greater propensity for infecting humans because of the potential for spill over from birds to humans. Pathology from these AI virus infections is associated with a dysregulated immune response, which is characterized by systemic spread of the virus, lymphopenia, and hypercytokinemia. It has been well documented that host/pathogen interactions, particularly molecules of the immune system, play a significant role in both disease susceptibility as well as disease outcome. Here, we review the immune/virus interactions in both avian and mammalian species, and provide an overview or our understanding of how immune dysregulation is driven. Understanding these susceptibility factors is critical for the development of new vaccines and therapeutics to combat the next pandemic influenza.
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Affiliation(s)
- William S J Horman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Health and Biosecurity, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), East Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Thi H O Nguyen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Katherine Kedzierska
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew G D Bean
- Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Health and Biosecurity, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), East Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Daniel S Layton
- Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Health and Biosecurity, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), East Geelong, VIC, Australia
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19
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Foster TL, Pickering S, Neil SJD. Inhibiting the Ins and Outs of HIV Replication: Cell-Intrinsic Antiretroviral Restrictions at the Plasma Membrane. Front Immunol 2018; 8:1853. [PMID: 29354117 PMCID: PMC5758531 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Like all viruses, human immunodeficiency viruses (HIVs) and their primate lentivirus relatives must enter cells in order to replicate and, once produced, new virions need to exit to spread to new targets. These processes require the virus to cross the plasma membrane of the cell twice: once via fusion mediated by the envelope glycoprotein to deliver the viral core into the cytosol; and secondly by ESCRT-mediated scission of budding virions during release. This physical barrier thus presents a perfect location for host antiviral restrictions that target enveloped viruses in general. In this review we will examine the current understanding of innate host antiviral defences that inhibit these essential replicative steps of primate lentiviruses associated with the plasma membrane, the mechanism by which these viruses have adapted to evade such defences, and the role that this virus/host battleground plays in the transmission and pathogenesis of HIV/AIDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshana L Foster
- Department of Infectious Disease, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Suzanne Pickering
- Department of Infectious Disease, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart J D Neil
- Department of Infectious Disease, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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20
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Makvandi-Nejad S, Laurenson-Schafer H, Wang L, Wellington D, Zhao Y, Jin B, Qin L, Kite K, Moghadam HK, Song C, Clark K, Hublitz P, Townsend AR, Wu H, McMichael AJ, Zhang Y, Dong T. Lack of Truncated IFITM3 Transcripts in Cells Homozygous for the rs12252-C Variant That is Associated With Severe Influenza Infection. J Infect Dis 2017; 217:257-262. [DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jix512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shokouh Makvandi-Nejad
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Oxford University
| | - Henry Laurenson-Schafer
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Oxford University
| | - LiLi Wang
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Oxford University
| | - Dannielle Wellington
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Oxford University
| | - Yan Zhao
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences-Oxford Center for Translational Immunology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Oxford University, United Kingdom
- Beijing You’an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Boquan Jin
- Fourth Military Medical University, Xian, China
| | - Ling Qin
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences-Oxford Center for Translational Immunology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Oxford University, United Kingdom
- Beijing You’an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Kerry Kite
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Oxford University
| | | | | | - Kevin Clark
- Flow Cytometry Facility, Oxford University, United Kingdom
| | - Philip Hublitz
- Genome Engineering Department, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Oxford University, United Kingdom
| | - Alain R Townsend
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences-Oxford Center for Translational Immunology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Oxford University, United Kingdom
| | - Hao Wu
- Beijing You’an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Andrew J McMichael
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Oxford University
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences-Oxford Center for Translational Immunology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Oxford University, United Kingdom
| | - YongHong Zhang
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences-Oxford Center for Translational Immunology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Oxford University, United Kingdom
- Beijing You’an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Dong
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Oxford University
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences-Oxford Center for Translational Immunology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Oxford University, United Kingdom
- Beijing You’an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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21
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Randolph AG, Yip WK, Allen EK, Rosenberger CM, Agan AA, Ash SA, Zhang Y, Bhangale TR, Finkelstein D, Cvijanovich NZ, Mourani PM, Hall MW, Su HC, Thomas PG. Evaluation of IFITM3 rs12252 Association With Severe Pediatric Influenza Infection. J Infect Dis 2017; 216:14-21. [PMID: 28531322 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jix242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Interferon-induced transmembrane protein 3 (IFITM3) restricts endocytic fusion of influenza virus. IFITM3 rs12252_C, a putative alternate splice site, has been associated with influenza severity in adults. IFITM3 has not been evaluated in pediatric influenza. Methods The Pediatric Influenza (PICFLU) study enrolled children with suspected influenza infection across 38 pediatric intensive care units during November 2008 to April 2016. IFITM3 was sequenced in patients and parents were genotyped for specific variants for family-based association testing. rs12252 was genotyped in 54 African-American pediatric outpatients with influenza (FLU09), included in the population-based comparisons with 1000 genomes. Splice site analysis of rs12252_C was performed using PICFLU and FLU09 patient RNA. Results In PICFLU, 358 children had influenza infection. We identified 22 rs12252_C homozygotes in 185 white non-Hispanic children. rs12252_C was not associated with influenza infection in population or family-based analyses. We did not identify the Δ21 IFITM3 isoform in RNAseq data. The rs12252 genotype was not associated with IFITM3 expression levels, nor with critical illness severity. No novel rare IFITM3 functional variants were identified. Conclusions rs12252 was not associated with susceptibility to influenza-related critical illness in children or with critical illness severity. Our data also do not support it being a splice site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrienne G Randolph
- Department of Anesthesia, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital
- Departments of Anaesthesia and Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Wai-Ki Yip
- Foundation Medicine Inc, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Emma Kaitlynn Allen
- Department of Immunology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | | | - Anna A Agan
- Department of Anesthesia, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital
| | - Stephanie A Ash
- Department of Anesthesia, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital
| | - Yu Zhang
- Laboratory of Host Defenses, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | - David Finkelstein
- Department of Computational Biology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | | | - Peter M Mourani
- Section of Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine and Research Institute, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora
| | - Mark W Hall
- Critical Care Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Helen C Su
- Laboratory of Host Defenses, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Paul G Thomas
- Department of Immunology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
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22
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Pan Y, Yang P, Dong T, Zhang Y, Shi W, Peng X, Cui S, Zhang D, Lu G, Liu Y, Wu S, Wang Q. IFITM3 Rs12252-C Variant Increases Potential Risk for Severe Influenza Virus Infection in Chinese Population. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2017; 7:294. [PMID: 28713779 PMCID: PMC5491636 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Interferon Inducible Transmembrane 3 (IFITM3) is a key factor in interferon pathway and it involves host's immune response against multiple viruses. IFITM3 rs12252-C was associated with severe influenza virus infection in several studies, however whether this association is universal to all types of influenza virus or diverse ethnic populations remain controversial. Method: A case-control genetic association study was performed from September 2013 to April 2014 and September 2014 to April 2015. All samples were tested for influenza using RT-PCR, and genotyped by High Resolution Melting assay. Results: A total of 65 healthy people, 165 mild influenza-like illness (ILI) cases and 315 severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) cases were enrolled in this study. The frequency of CC genotype was much higher in SARI cases with IVI than that in ILI cases with IVI (61.59 vs. 27.16%), leading a 4.67-fold greater risk for severe IVI than other two genotypes. Moreover, the risk of IFITM3 rs12252-C variant for severe IVI was specific for both influenza A and influenza B. Conclusion:IFITM3 rs12252 CC genotype was associated with severity rather than susceptibility of IVI in Chinese population, and this strong effect was observed in all subtypes of seasonal influenza infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Pan
- Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and ControlBeijing, China.,Research Centre for Preventive Medicine of BeijingBeijing, China.,Capital Medical University School of Public HealthBeijing, China
| | - Peng Yang
- Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and ControlBeijing, China.,Research Centre for Preventive Medicine of BeijingBeijing, China.,Capital Medical University School of Public HealthBeijing, China
| | - Tao Dong
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weather all Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of OxfordOxford, United Kingdom
| | - Yi Zhang
- Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and ControlBeijing, China.,Research Centre for Preventive Medicine of BeijingBeijing, China
| | - Weixian Shi
- Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and ControlBeijing, China.,Research Centre for Preventive Medicine of BeijingBeijing, China
| | - Xiaomin Peng
- Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and ControlBeijing, China.,Research Centre for Preventive Medicine of BeijingBeijing, China
| | - Shujuan Cui
- Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and ControlBeijing, China.,Research Centre for Preventive Medicine of BeijingBeijing, China
| | - Daitao Zhang
- Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and ControlBeijing, China.,Research Centre for Preventive Medicine of BeijingBeijing, China
| | - Guilan Lu
- Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and ControlBeijing, China.,Research Centre for Preventive Medicine of BeijingBeijing, China
| | - Yimeng Liu
- Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and ControlBeijing, China.,Research Centre for Preventive Medicine of BeijingBeijing, China
| | - Shuangsheng Wu
- Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and ControlBeijing, China.,Research Centre for Preventive Medicine of BeijingBeijing, China
| | - Quanyi Wang
- Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and ControlBeijing, China.,Research Centre for Preventive Medicine of BeijingBeijing, China.,Capital Medical University School of Public HealthBeijing, China
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23
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Abstract
CCR5 (R5)-tropic, but not CXCR4 (X4)-tropic, HIV-1 is associated with primary HIV-1 infection and transmission. Recent studies have shown that IFN-induced transmembrane (IFITM) proteins, including IFITM1, IFITM2, and IFITM3, restrict a broad range of viruses. Here, we demonstrate that an IFITM2 isoform (Δ20 IFITM2) lacking 20 amino acids at the N terminus differentially restricts X4 and R5 HIV-1. Δ20 IFITM2 suppresses replication of X4 HIV-1 strains by inhibiting their entry. High levels of Δ20 IFITM2 expression could be detected in CD4+ T cells and in monocytes. Infection of X4 viruses in monocyte-derived macrophages and dendritic cells is enhanced upon depletion of IFITM2 isoforms. Furthermore, we also show that coreceptor use is the determining factor for differential HIV-1 restriction of Δ20 IFITM2. When we replace the C terminus of CCR5 with the C terminus of CXCR4, R5 viruses become more susceptible to Δ20 IFITM2-mediated restriction. In contrast to previous studies, our research reveals that neither X4 nor R5 HIV-1 is suppressed by IFITM2 and IFITM3. The multifactor gatekeeping model has been proposed to explain restriction of X4 viruses in the early stage of HIV-1 diseases. Our findings indicate that Δ20 IFITM2 may serve as a major contributor to this gatekeeping mechanism.
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24
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Winkler M, Gärtner S, Wrensch F, Krawczak M, Sauermann U, Pöhlmann S. Rhesus macaque IFITM3 gene polymorphisms and SIV infection. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0172847. [PMID: 28257482 PMCID: PMC5336200 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Interferon-induced transmembrane proteins (IFITMs) have been recognized as important antiviral effectors of the innate immune system, both in cell culture and in infected humans. In particular, polymorphisms of the human IFITM3 gene have been shown to affect disease severity and progression in influenza A virus (FLUAV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, respectively. Rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) are commonly used to model human infections and the experimental inoculation of these animals with simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) is one of the best models for HIV/AIDS in humans. However, information on the role of IFITM3 in SIV infection of rhesus macaques is currently lacking. We show that rhesus macaque (rh) IFITM3 inhibits SIV and FLUAV entry in cell culture, although with moderately reduced efficiency as compared to its human counterpart. We further report the identification of 16 polymorphisms in the rhIFITM3 gene, three of which were exonic and synonymous while the remainder was located in non-coding regions. Employing previously characterized samples from two cohorts of SIV-infected rhesus macaques, we investigated the relationship between these rhIFITM3 polymorphisms and both AIDS-free survival time and virus load. In cohort 1, several intronic polymorphisms were significantly associated with virus load or survival. However, an association with both parameters was not observed and significance was lost in most cases when animals were stratified for the presence of MHC allele Mamu-A1*001. Moreover, no significant genotype-phenotype associations were detected in cohort 2. These results suggest that, although IFITM3 can inhibit SIV infection in cell culture, genetic variation in rhIFITM3 might have only a minor impact on the course of SIV infection in experimentally infected animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Winkler
- Infection Biology Unit, Deutsches Primatenzentrum, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany
- * E-mail: (MW); (SP)
| | - Sabine Gärtner
- Infection Biology Unit, Deutsches Primatenzentrum, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Florian Wrensch
- Infection Biology Unit, Deutsches Primatenzentrum, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Michael Krawczak
- Institute of Medical Informatics and Statistics, Christian-Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Ulrike Sauermann
- Infection Models Unit, Deutsches Primatenzentrum, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Pöhlmann
- Infection Biology Unit, Deutsches Primatenzentrum, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany
- * E-mail: (MW); (SP)
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25
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Rogo LD, Rezaei F, Marashi SM, Yekaninejad MS, Naseri M, Ghavami N, Mokhtari-Azad T. Seasonal influenza A/H3N2 virus infection and IL-1Β, IL-10, IL-17, and IL-28 polymorphisms in Iranian population. J Med Virol 2016; 88:2078-2084. [PMID: 27155288 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.24572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Increased blood cytokines is the main immunopathological process that were attributed to severe clinical outcomes in cases of influenza A/H3N2 virus infection. The study was aimed to investigate the polymorphisms of IL-1β, IL-10, IL-17, and IL-28 genes to find the possibility of their association with the clinical outcome of influenza A/H3N2 virus infection among the infected patients in Iran. This is a Case-Control study in which influenza A/H3N2 virus positive confirmed with real-time PCR were the cases. DNA samples from groups were genotyped for polymorphisms in rs16944 (IL-1β), rs1800872 (IL-10), rs2275913 (IL-17), and rs8099917 (IL-28). Confidence interval (95%CI) and Odds ratio (OR) were calculated. IL-17 rs2275913 (GG and AG) were associated with risk of infection with that were statistically significant (P < 0.05, OR = 2.08-2.94). IL-1β (rs16944) (GG) was associated with reduced risk of infection (P < 0.01, OR = 0.46). Genotype GG and GT of IL-10 (rs1800872) were associated with increased risk of infection with influenza A/H3N2 virus (P < 0.05, OR = 2.04-2.58). In addition, IL-28 (rs8099917) genotypes GG (P < 0.05, OR = 0.49) and TG (P < 0.05, OR = 0.59) were associated with reduced risk of ILI symptom while genotype TT (P < 0.01, OR = 4.31) was associated with increased risk of ILI symptom. The results of this study demonstrated that polymorphisms of genes involved in the inflammatory and anti-inflammatory process affect the outcome of disease caused by influenza A/H3N2 virus. Thorough insight on host immune response at the time of influenza A virus infection is required to ensure adequate patient care in the case of feature outbreaks. J. Med. Virol. 88:2078-2084, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawal Dahiru Rogo
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, International Campus, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Bayero University Kano, Kano, Nigeria
| | - Farhad Rezaei
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, International Campus, Tehran, Iran.
- National Influenza, Center Department of Medical Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Seyed Mahdi Marashi
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, International Campus, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mir Saeed Yekaninejad
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Naseri
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, International Campus, Tehran, Iran
- National Influenza, Center Department of Medical Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nastaran Ghavami
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, International Campus, Tehran, Iran
- National Influenza, Center Department of Medical Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Talat Mokhtari-Azad
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, International Campus, Tehran, Iran.
- National Influenza, Center Department of Medical Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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26
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The Interferon-Stimulated Gene IFITM3 Restricts Infection and Pathogenesis of Arthritogenic and Encephalitic Alphaviruses. J Virol 2016; 90:8780-94. [PMID: 27440901 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00655-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Host cells respond to viral infections by producing type I interferon (IFN), which induces the expression of hundreds of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs). Although ISGs mediate a protective state against many pathogens, the antiviral functions of the majority of these genes have not been identified. IFITM3 is a small transmembrane ISG that restricts a broad range of viruses, including orthomyxoviruses, flaviviruses, filoviruses, and coronaviruses. Here, we show that alphavirus infection is increased in Ifitm3(-/-) and Ifitm locus deletion (Ifitm-del) fibroblasts and, reciprocally, reduced in fibroblasts transcomplemented with Ifitm3. Mechanistic studies showed that Ifitm3 did not affect viral binding or entry but inhibited pH-dependent fusion. In a murine model of chikungunya virus arthritis, Ifitm3(-/-) mice sustained greater joint swelling in the ipsilateral ankle at days 3 and 7 postinfection, and this correlated with higher levels of proinflammatory cytokines and viral burden. Flow cytometric analysis suggested that Ifitm3(-/-) macrophages from the spleen were infected at greater levels than observed in wild-type (WT) mice, results that were supported by experiments with Ifitm3(-/-) bone marrow-derived macrophages. Ifitm3(-/-) mice also were more susceptible than WT mice to lethal alphavirus infection with Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus, and this was associated with greater viral burden in multiple organs. Collectively, our data define an antiviral role for Ifitm3 in restricting infection of multiple alphaviruses. IMPORTANCE The interferon-induced transmembrane protein 3 (IFITM3) inhibits infection of multiple families of viruses in cell culture. Compared to other viruses, much less is known about the antiviral effect of IFITM3 on alphaviruses. In this study, we characterized the antiviral activity of mouse Ifitm3 against arthritogenic and encephalitic alphaviruses using cells and animals with a targeted gene deletion of Ifitm3 as well as deficient cells transcomplemented with Ifitm3. Based on extensive virological analysis, we demonstrate greater levels of alphavirus infection and disease pathogenesis when Ifitm3 expression is absent. Our data establish an inhibitory role for Ifitm3 in controlling infection of alphaviruses.
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27
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López-Rodríguez M, Herrera-Ramos E, Solé-Violán J, Ruíz-Hernández JJ, Borderías L, Horcajada JP, Lerma-Chippirraz E, Rajas O, Briones M, Pérez-González MC, García-Bello MA, López-Granados E, Rodriguez de Castro F, Rodríguez-Gallego C. IFITM3 and severe influenza virus infection. No evidence of genetic association. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2016; 35:1811-1817. [PMID: 27492307 PMCID: PMC7100079 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-016-2732-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Influenza virus infection (IVI) is typically subclinical or causes a self-limiting upper respiratory disease. However, in a small subset of patients IVI rapidly progresses to primary viral pneumonia (PVP) with respiratory failure; a minority of patients require intensive care unit admission. Inherited and acquired variability in host immune responses may influence susceptibility and outcome of IVI. However, the molecular basis of such human factors remains largely elusive. It has been proposed that homozygosity for IFITM3 rs12252-C is associated with a population-attributable risk of 5.4 % for severe IVI in Northern Europeans and 54.3 % for severe H1N1pdm infection in Chinese. A total of 148 patients with confirmed IVI were considered for recruitment; 118 Spanish patients (60 of them hospitalized with PVP) and 246 healthy Spanish individuals were finally included in the statistical analysis. PCR-RFLP was used with confirmation by Sanger sequencing. The allele frequency for rs12252-C was found to be 3.5 % among the general Spanish population. We found no rs12252-C homozygous individuals in our control group. The only Spanish patient homozygous for rs12252-C had a neurological disorder (a known risk factor for severe IVI) and mild influenza. Our data do not suggest a role of rs12252-C in the development of severe IVI in our population. These data may be relevant to recognize whether patients homozygous for rs12252-C are at risk of severe influenza, and hence require individualized measures in the case of IVI.
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Affiliation(s)
- M López-Rodríguez
- Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Dr. Negrín, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35010, Spain.,Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35016, Spain
| | - E Herrera-Ramos
- Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Dr. Negrín, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35010, Spain.,Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, School of Medicine, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35016, Spain
| | - J Solé-Violán
- Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Dr. Negrín, CIBERES, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35010, Spain
| | - J J Ruíz-Hernández
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Dr. Negrín, Las Palmas Gran Canaria, 35010, Spain
| | - L Borderías
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Hospital San Jorge, Huesca, 22004, Spain
| | - J P Horcajada
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitari del Mar, Barcelona, 08003, Spain.,Hospital del Mar de Investigaciones Médicas (IMIM), CIBERES, Barcelona, 08003, Spain
| | - E Lerma-Chippirraz
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitari del Mar, Barcelona, 08003, Spain
| | - O Rajas
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Madrid, 28005, Spain
| | - M Briones
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Hospital Clínico y Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, 46010, Spain
| | - M C Pérez-González
- Department of Microbiology, Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Dr. Negrín, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35010, Spain
| | - M A García-Bello
- Department of Statistics, Research Unit, Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Dr. Negrín, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35010, Spain
| | - E López-Granados
- Department of Immunology, Hospital La Paz, La Paz Institute of Biomedical Research, IdiPAZ, Madrid, 28046, Spain
| | - F Rodriguez de Castro
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, School of Medicine, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35016, Spain.,Department of Respiratory Diseases, Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Dr. Negrín, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35010, Spain
| | - C Rodríguez-Gallego
- Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, 07120, Spain. .,Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Carretera de Valldemossa 79, 07120, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
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28
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Abstract
Seasonal and pandemic influenza are the two faces of respiratory infections caused by influenza viruses in humans. As seasonal influenza occurs on an annual basis, the circulating virus strains are closely monitored and a yearly updated vaccination is provided, especially to identified risk populations. Nonetheless, influenza virus infection may result in pneumonia and acute respiratory failure, frequently complicated by bacterial coinfection. Pandemics are, in contrary, unexpected rare events related to the emergence of a reassorted human-pathogenic influenza A virus (IAV) strains that often causes increased morbidity and spreads extremely rapidly in the immunologically naive human population, with huge clinical and economic impact. Accordingly, particular efforts are made to advance our knowledge on the disease biology and pathology and recent studies have brought new insights into IAV adaptation mechanisms to the human host, as well as into the key players in disease pathogenesis on the host side. Current antiviral strategies are only efficient at the early stages of the disease and are challenged by the genomic instability of the virus, highlighting the need for novel antiviral therapies targeting the pulmonary host response to improve viral clearance, reduce the risk of bacterial coinfection, and prevent or attenuate acute lung injury. This review article summarizes our current knowledge on the molecular basis of influenza infection and disease progression, the key players in pathogenesis driving severe disease and progression to lung failure, as well as available and envisioned prevention and treatment strategies against influenza virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christin Peteranderl
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Giessen, Germany
| | - Susanne Herold
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Giessen, Germany
| | - Carole Schmoldt
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Giessen, Germany
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29
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Abstract
Seasonal and pandemic influenza are the two faces of respiratory infections caused by influenza viruses in humans. As seasonal influenza occurs on an annual basis, the circulating virus strains are closely monitored and a yearly updated vaccination is provided, especially to identified risk populations. Nonetheless, influenza virus infection may result in pneumonia and acute respiratory failure, frequently complicated by bacterial coinfection. Pandemics are, in contrary, unexpected rare events related to the emergence of a reassorted human-pathogenic influenza A virus (IAV) strains that often causes increased morbidity and spreads extremely rapidly in the immunologically naive human population, with huge clinical and economic impact. Accordingly, particular efforts are made to advance our knowledge on the disease biology and pathology and recent studies have brought new insights into IAV adaptation mechanisms to the human host, as well as into the key players in disease pathogenesis on the host side. Current antiviral strategies are only efficient at the early stages of the disease and are challenged by the genomic instability of the virus, highlighting the need for novel antiviral therapies targeting the pulmonary host response to improve viral clearance, reduce the risk of bacterial coinfection, and prevent or attenuate acute lung injury. This review article summarizes our current knowledge on the molecular basis of influenza infection and disease progression, the key players in pathogenesis driving severe disease and progression to lung failure, as well as available and envisioned prevention and treatment strategies against influenza virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christin Peteranderl
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Giessen, Germany
| | - Susanne Herold
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Giessen, Germany
| | - Carole Schmoldt
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Giessen, Germany
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30
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Ciancanelli MJ, Abel L, Zhang SY, Casanova JL. Host genetics of severe influenza: from mouse Mx1 to human IRF7. Curr Opin Immunol 2016; 38:109-20. [PMID: 26761402 PMCID: PMC4733643 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2015.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Revised: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Influenza viruses cause mild to moderate respiratory illness in most people, and only rarely devastating or fatal infections. The virulence factors encoded by viral genes can explain seasonal or geographic differences at the population level but are unlikely to account for inter-individual clinical variability. Inherited or acquired immunodeficiencies may thus underlie severe cases of influenza. The crucial role of host genes was first demonstrated by forward genetics in inbred mice, with the identification of interferon (IFN)-α/β-inducible Mx1 as a canonical influenza susceptibility gene. Reverse genetics has subsequently characterized the in vivo role of other mouse genes involved in IFN-α/β and -λ immunity. A series of in vitro studies with mouse and human cells have also refined the cell-intrinsic mechanisms of protection against influenza viruses. Population-based human genetic studies have not yet uncovered variants with a significant impact. Interestingly, human primary immunodeficiencies affecting T and B cells were also not found to predispose to severe influenza. Recently however, human IRF7 was shown to be essential for IFN-α/β- and IFN-λ-dependent protective immunity against primary influenza in vivo, as inferred from a patient with life-threatening influenza revealed to be IRF7-deficient by whole exome sequencing. Next generation sequencing of human exomes and genomes will facilitate the analysis of the human genetic determinism of severe influenza.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Ciancanelli
- St Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Laurent Abel
- St Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA; Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM-U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France; Paris Descartes University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Shen-Ying Zhang
- St Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA; Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM-U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France; Paris Descartes University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Laurent Casanova
- St Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA; Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM-U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France; Paris Descartes University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, NY, USA; Pediatric Hematology-Immunology Unit, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
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31
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Ranjbar S, Haridas V, Jasenosky LD, Falvo JV, Goldfeld AE. A Role for IFITM Proteins in Restriction of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection. Cell Rep 2015; 13:874-83. [PMID: 26565900 PMCID: PMC4916766 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.09.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2014] [Revised: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The interferon (IFN)-induced transmembrane (IFITM) proteins are critical mediators of the host antiviral response. Here, we expand the role of IFITM proteins to host defense against intracellular bacterial infection by demonstrating that they restrict Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTb) intracellular growth. Simultaneous knockdown of IFITM1, IFITM2, and IFITM3 by RNAi significantly enhances MTb growth in human monocytic and alveolar/epithelial cells, whereas individual overexpression of each IFITM impairs MTb growth in these cell types. Furthermore, MTb infection, Toll-like receptor 2 and 4 ligands, and several proinflammatory cytokines induce IFITM1–3 gene expression in human myeloid cells. We find that IFITM3 co-localizes with early and, in particular, late MTb phagosomes, and overexpression of IFITM3 enhances endosomal acidification in MTb-infected monocytic cells. These findings provide evidence that the antiviral IFITMs participate in the restriction of mycobacterial growth, and they implicate IFITM-mediated endosomal maturation in its antimycobacterial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahin Ranjbar
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Viraga Haridas
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Luke D Jasenosky
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - James V Falvo
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Anne E Goldfeld
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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32
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Duck Interferon-Inducible Transmembrane Protein 3 Mediates Restriction of Influenza Viruses. J Virol 2015; 90:103-16. [PMID: 26468537 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01593-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Interferon-inducible transmembrane proteins (IFITMs) can restrict the entry of a wide range of viruses. IFITM3 localizes to endosomes and can potently restrict the replication of influenza A viruses (IAV) and several other viruses that also enter host cells through the endocytic pathway. Here, we investigate whether IFITMs are involved in protection in ducks, the natural host of influenza virus. We identify and sequence duck IFITM1, IFITM2, IFITM3, and IFITM5. Using quantitative PCR (qPCR), we demonstrate the upregulation of these genes in lung tissue in response to highly pathogenic IAV infection by 400-fold, 30-fold, 30-fold, and 5-fold, respectively. We express each IFITM in chicken DF-1 cells and show duck IFITM1 localizes to the cell surface, while IFITM3 localizes to LAMP1-containing compartments. DF-1 cells stably expressing duck IFITM3 (but not IFITM1 or IFITM2) show increased restriction of replication of H1N1, H6N2, and H11N9 IAV strains but not vesicular stomatitis virus. Although duck and human IFITM3 share only 38% identity, critical residues for viral restriction are conserved. We generate chimeric and mutant IFITM3 proteins and show duck IFITM3 does not require its N-terminal domain for endosomal localization or antiviral function; however, this N-terminal end confers endosomal localization and antiviral function on IFITM1. In contrast to mammalian IFITM3, the conserved YXXθ endocytosis signal sequence in the N-terminal domain of duck IFITM3 is not essential for correct endosomal localization. Despite significant structural and amino acid divergence, presumably due to host-virus coevolution, duck IFITM3 is functional against IAV. IMPORTANCE Immune IFITM genes are poorly conserved across species, suggesting that selective pressure from host-specific viruses has driven this divergence. We wondered whether coevolution between viruses and their natural host would result in the evasion of IFITM restriction. Ducks are the natural host of avian influenza A viruses and display few or no disease symptoms upon infection with most strains, including highly pathogenic avian influenza. We have characterized the duck IFITM locus and identified IFITM3 as an important restrictor of several influenza A viruses, including avian strains. With only 38% amino acid identity to human IFITM3, duck IFITM3 possesses antiviral function against influenza virus. Thus, despite long coevolution of virus and host effectors in the natural host, influenza virus evasion of IFITM3 restriction in ducks is not apparent.
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Recent strategies and progress in identifying host factors involved in virus replication. Curr Opin Microbiol 2015; 26:79-88. [PMID: 26112615 PMCID: PMC7185747 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2015.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Revised: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Viruses are completely dependent on their host cells for the successful production of progeny viruses. At each stage of the viral life cycle an intricate interplay between virus and host takes place with the virus aiming to usurp the host cell for its purposes and the host cell trying to block the intruder from propagation. In recent years these interactions have been studied on a global level by systems biology approaches, such as RNA interference screens, transcriptomic or proteomic methodologies, and exciting new insights into the pathogen-host relationship have been revealed. In this review, we summarize the available data, give examples for important findings from such studies and point out current limitations and potential future directions.
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To KKW, Zhou J, Chan JFW, Yuen KY. Host genes and influenza pathogenesis in humans: an emerging paradigm. Curr Opin Virol 2015; 14:7-15. [PMID: 26079652 PMCID: PMC7102748 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2015.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of the pandemic influenza virus A(H1N1)pdm09 in 2009 and avian influenza virus A(H7N9) in 2013 provided unique opportunities for assessing genetic predispositions to severe disease because many patients did not have any underlying risk factor or neutralizing antibody against these agents, in contrast to seasonal influenza viruses. High-throughput screening platforms and large human or animal databases from international collaborations allow rapid selection of potential candidate genes for confirmatory functional studies. In the last 2 years, at least seven new human susceptibility genes have been identified in genetic association studies. Integration of knowledge from genetic and phenotypic studies is essential to identify important gene targets for treatment and prevention of influenza virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelvin Kai-Wang To
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jasper Fuk-Woo Chan
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kwok-Yung Yuen
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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Wrensch F, Karsten CB, Gnirß K, Hoffmann M, Lu K, Takada A, Winkler M, Simmons G, Pöhlmann S. Interferon-Induced Transmembrane Protein-Mediated Inhibition of Host Cell Entry of Ebolaviruses. J Infect Dis 2015; 212 Suppl 2:S210-8. [PMID: 26034199 PMCID: PMC4564551 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiv255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Ebolaviruses are highly pathogenic in humans and nonhuman primates and pose a severe threat to public health. The interferon-induced transmembrane (IFITM) proteins can restrict entry of ebolaviruses, influenza A viruses, and other enveloped viruses. However, the breadth and mechanism of the antiviral activity of IFITM proteins are incompletely understood. Here, we employed ebolavirus glycoprotein–pseudotyped vectors and ebolavirus-like particles to address this question. We show that IFITM proteins inhibit the cellular entry of diverse ebolaviruses and demonstrate that type I interferon induces IFITM protein expression in macrophages, major viral targets. Moreover, we show that IFITM proteins block entry of influenza A viruses and ebolaviruses by different mechanisms and provide evidence that antibodies and IFITM proteins can synergistically inhibit cellular entry of ebolaviruses. These results provide insights into the role of IFITM proteins in infection by ebolaviruses and suggest a mechanism by which antibodies, though poorly neutralizing in vitro, might contribute to viral control in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christina B Karsten
- Infection Biology Unit, German Primate Center, Göttingen Institute for Cellular Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, Germany
| | - Kerstin Gnirß
- Infection Biology Unit, German Primate Center, Göttingen
| | | | - Kai Lu
- Blood Systems Research Institute, San Francisco, California
| | - Ayato Takada
- Division of Global Epidemiology, Hokkaido University Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo, Japan
| | | | - Graham Simmons
- Blood Systems Research Institute, San Francisco, California
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Interferon-induced transmembrane protein-3 rs12252-C is associated with rapid progression of acute HIV-1 infection in Chinese MSM cohort. AIDS 2015; 29:889-94. [PMID: 25784441 PMCID: PMC4442129 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000000632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background: The interferon-inducible transmembrane protein-3 (IFITM3) is a protein that restricts multiple pathogenic viruses such as influenza virus. The single-nucleotide polymorphism rs12252-C, which is rare in Caucasian populations, but much more common in the Han Chinese population, has been found in much higher homozygous frequency in patients with severe acute influenza. Until now, there has been no study on the effect of this genetic variant on the clinical control of other viral infections. Objectives: To investigate the impact of IFITM3-rs12252 genotypes on primary HIV-1 infection progression in an acute HIV-1-infected cohort in Beijing (PRIMO), China. Design and methods: We identified IFITM3-rs12252 genotypes of 178 acute HIV-1-infected patients and 196 HIV-negative candidates from the PRIMO cohort. HIV-1 viral load and CD4+ T-cell counts were monitored at multiple time points during the first year of infection, and the association between IFITM3-rs12252 genotype and disease progression was evaluated. Results: The current study shows that the IFITM3-rs12252 genetic variant affects the progression of HIV-1 infection, but not the acquisition. A significantly higher frequency of the CC/CT genotypes was found in rapid progressors compared to nonprogressors. Patients with CC/CT genotypes showed an elevated peak viremia level and significantly lower CD4+ T-cell count at multiple time points during the first year of primary infection, and a significantly higher risk of rapid decline of the CD4+ T-cell count to below 350 cells/μl. Conclusion: A novel association between IFITM3 gene polymorphism and rapid disease progression is reported in an acute HIV-1-infected MSM cohort in China.
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Interferon-Inducible Transmembrane Protein 3 Genetic Variant rs12252 and Influenza Susceptibility and Severity: A Meta-Analysis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0124985. [PMID: 25942469 PMCID: PMC4420464 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0124985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The pandemic influenza A (H1N1) pdm09 virus, avian influenza A (H5N1) virus, and influenza A (H7N9) virus induced severe morbidity and mortality throughout the world. Previous studies suggested a close association between the interferon-induced transmembrane protein-3 (IFITM3) genetic variant rs12252 and influenza. Here, we explored the correlation between the rs12252 and influenza susceptibility and severity using meta-analysis. Methods Relevant studies published before May 22, 2014 were retrieved from PubMed, ISI web of knowledge, EBSCO, and Cochrane central register of controlled trials databases. Association between rs12252 and influenza susceptibility and severity were determined using statistical analysis of odds ratios (ORs). Results A total of four studies consisting of 445 cases and 4180 controls were included in our analysis. Generally, there is increased risk of influenza in subjects carrying rs12252 in the recessive model (CC vs. CT+TT: OR = 2.35, 95% CI: 1.49-3.70, P<0.001), the dominant model (CC+CT vs. TT: OR=1.60, 95% CI: 1.18–2.22, P=0.003), the homozygote comparison (CC vs. TT: OR=4.11, 95% CI: 2.15–7.84, P<0.001), and the allele contrast (C vs. T: OR=1.67, 95% CI: 1.32–2.13, P<0.001). Stratification analysis of ethnicity and severity revealed a significant increase in influenza susceptibility by IFITM3-SNP rs12252 among both Asian and Caucasian population. SNP rs12252 shows significant impact on severe infections (P<0.05), but not on mild influenza. Besides, our result also associated rs12252 with influenza severity (severe vs. mild: OR=2.37, 95% CI: 1.32–4.25, P=0.004), (severe vs. control: OR=2.70, 95% CI: 1.85–3.94, P<0.001). Conclusion Our meta-analysis suggests a significant association between a minor IFITM3 allele (SNP rs12252-C) with severe influenza susceptibility, but not in mild influenza subjects, in both UK Caucasians and Han Chinese population. The rs12252-C allele causes a 23.7% higher chance of infection and also constitutes a risk factor for more severe influenza.
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Feng Q, Zhou Y, Shi SD, Li EL, Wu RS, Li KH, Wu LQ. AGR2 regulates IFITM3 expression to promote hepatocellular carcinoma cell proliferation. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2015; 23:1585-1591. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v23.i10.1585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the effect of anterior gradient homolog 2 (AGR2) expression on the proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma cells, and to explore the possible mechanism.
METHODS: The expression of AGR2 and interferon-induced transmembrane protein 3 (IFITM3) in hepatocellular carcinoma and adjacent tissues was detected by fluorescence quantitative PCR and Western blot. The expression of AGR2 mRNA and protein was examined by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR and Western blot after transfection with pcDNA3.1-AGR2. The cellular growth ability was examined by CCK-8 assay, and the colony formation ability was detected by colony formation assay. Flow cytometry assay was used to determine the apoptosis index. The expression level of IFITM3 protein was examined by Western blot.
RESULTS: AGR2 and IFITM3 mRNA and protein expression in hepatocellular carcinoma tissues was significantly higher than that in the corresponding adjacent tissues. The pcDNA3.1-AGR2 was successfully constructed, and HepG2 cells with stable expression of AGR2 were established. The expression levels of AGR2 mRNA and protein in HepG2 cells after transfection with pcDNA3.1-AGR2 were higher than those in the negative control cells, and the cellular growth ability of HepG2 cells after transfection with pcDNA3.1-AGR2 was significantly increased. IFITM3 protein expression was also increased after transfection with pcDNA3.1-AGR2.
CONCLUSION: Raised AGR2 expression can increase the expression of IFITM3 and promote the proliferation of hepatocellular cells.
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Li K, Jia R, Li M, Zheng YM, Miao C, Yao Y, Ji HL, Geng Y, Qiao W, Albritton LM, Liang C, Liu SL. A sorting signal suppresses IFITM1 restriction of viral entry. J Biol Chem 2014; 290:4248-59. [PMID: 25527505 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.630780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The interferon-induced transmembrane proteins (IFITMs) broadly inhibit virus infections, particularly at the viral entry level. However, despite this shared ability to inhibit fusion, IFITMs differ in the potency and breadth of viruses restricted, an anomaly that is not fully understood. Here, we show that differences in the range of viruses restricted by IFITM1 are regulated by a C-terminal non-canonical dibasic sorting signal KRXX that suppresses restriction of some viruses by governing its intracellular distribution. Replacing the two basic residues with alanine (KR/AA) increased restriction of jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus and 10A1 amphotropic murine leukemia virus. Deconvolution microscopy revealed an altered subcellular distribution for KR/AA, with fewer molecules in LAMP1-positive lysosomes balanced by increased levels in CD63-positive multivesicular bodies, where jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus pseudovirions are colocalized. IFITM1 binds to cellular adaptor protein complex 3 (AP-3), an association that is lost when the dibasic motif is altered. Although knockdown of AP-3 itself decreases some virus entry, expression of parental IFITM1, but not its KR/AA mutant, potentiates inhibition of viral infections in AP-3 knockdown cells. By using the substituted cysteine accessibility method, we provide evidence that IFITM1 adopts more than one membrane topology co-existing in cellular membranes. Because the C-terminal dibasic sorting signal is unique to human IFITM1, our results provide novel insight into understanding the species- and virus-specific antiviral effect of IFITMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Li
- From the Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211
| | - Rui Jia
- the Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology (Ministry of Education) and Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics (Tianjin), College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Minghua Li
- From the Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211
| | - Yi-Min Zheng
- From the Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211
| | - Chunhui Miao
- From the Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211
| | - Yunfang Yao
- the Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology (Ministry of Education) and Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics (Tianjin), College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Hong-Long Ji
- the Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Texas Lung Injury Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center, Tyler, Texas 75708
| | - Yunqi Geng
- the Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology (Ministry of Education) and Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics (Tianjin), College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Wentao Qiao
- the Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology (Ministry of Education) and Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics (Tianjin), College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Lorraine M Albritton
- the Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163
| | - Chen Liang
- the McGill AIDS Centre, Lady Davis Institute, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1E2, Canada, and the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Shan-Lu Liu
- From the Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211,
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