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Holcombe M, Qwarnstrom E. Agent-Based Modeling of Complex Molecular Systems. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2399:367-391. [PMID: 35604564 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1831-8_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The seamless integration of laboratory experiments and detailed computational modeling provides an exciting route to uncovering many new insights into complex biological processes. In particular, the development of agent-based modeling using supercomputers has provided new opportunities for highly detailed, validated simulations that provide the researcher with greater understanding of these processes and new directions for investigation. This chapter examines some of the principles behind the powerful computational framework FLAME and its application in a number of different areas with a more detailed look at a particular signaling example involving the NF-κB cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mike Holcombe
- Department of Computer Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
| | - Eva Qwarnstrom
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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Chien CY, Tai SY, Li KH, Yang HL, Chan LP, Hsi E, Wang LF, Ho KY, Chang NC. The association of genetic polymorphisms in interleukin-1 receptors type 1 and type 2 with sudden sensorineural hearing loss in a Taiwanese population: a case control study. J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2021; 50:69. [PMID: 34865658 PMCID: PMC8647377 DOI: 10.1186/s40463-021-00550-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) is a disease with an unknown etiology; damage to the auditory nerve from inflammation due to viral infection or vascular incidents has been implicated. According to several studies, cytokines, including interleukins, are associated with SSNHL in terms of serum expression and genetic polymorphisms. Interleukin-1 (IL-1) plays a key role in inflammation and may be associated with SSNHL. This study analyzed the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of IL-1 receptor (IL-1R) genes with SSNHL in Taiwan. Methods We conducted a case–control study involving 401 patients with SSNHL and 730 healthy controls. Four SNPs (IL-1R type 1 gene [IL1R1] [rs3917225 and rs2234650] and IL-1R type 2 gene [IL1R2] [rs4141134 and rs2071008]) were selected. The genotypes were determined using the TaqMan assay. The Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) was tested for each SNP, and genetic effects were evaluated. Results The TT genotype of rs2234650 had an adjusted odds ratio (OR) of 2.988 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.27–6.82) (P = 0.012) compared with the CC genotype in patients with SSNHL. The SNP rs2234650 was associated with SSNHL in the recessive model (TT vs. CC + CT, P = 0.0206, OR = 2.681). The CT genotype of rs4141134 had an adjusted OR of 3.860 (95% CI 2.01–7.44; P < 0.0001) compared with the TT genotype, in patients with SSNHL. The SNP rs4141134 was associated with SSNHL under the dominant model (CC + CT vs. TT, P < 0.0001, OR = 4.087). Conclusion These findings suggest that IL1R1 and IL1R2 gene polymorphisms may contribute to an increased risk of SSNHL in Taiwan.
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Kashem MA, Yuan XY, Li L, Kimani J, Plummer F, Luo M. TILRR (Toll-like Interleukin-1 Receptor Regulator), an Important Modulator of Inflammatory Responsive Genes, is Circulating in the Blood. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:4927-4943. [PMID: 34594127 PMCID: PMC8478437 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s325553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose TILRR (Toll-like interleukin-1 receptor regulator), a variant of FREM1 (Fras-related extracellular matrix 1), is a modulator of many genes in NF-κB (nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells) signaling and inflammatory responses. It enhanced the expression of multiple genes in the NF-κB signaling pathway and promoted the production of multiple pro-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines. TILRR is an extracellular matrix protein and expressed in cells and tissues, and has never been considered to exist in the blood. The study aimed to identify circulating TILRR protein in human plasma as a biomarker of systemic inflammation. Methods and Results We developed a multiplex bead array method (Bio-Plex) using 4 monoclonal antibodies targeting different protein domains of FREM1/TILRR to investigate whether TILRR can be detected in blood plasma. The results of the multiplex bead array method were validated by Western blot analysis of affinity-purified TILRR from patient plasma samples. We subsequently analyzed 640 plasma samples from women enrolled in the Pumwani Sex Worker cohort (PSWC) (Nairobi, Kenya). Our study showed that TILRR exists in all patient plasma samples, but its quantities vary greatly among the patients, ranging from 2.38 ng/mL to 5196.79 ng/mL. The plasma TILRR below 2.38 ng/mL can only be detected by affinity purification and Western blot analysis. Conclusion Our in-house developed multiplex bead array method can successfully quantify TILRR protein in plasma samples. Because TILRR is an important modulator of many inflammation-responsive genes, it may be an inflammation biomarker in blood and play a role in modulating systemic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Abul Kashem
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,JC Wilt Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Winnipeg, Mb, Canada.,Department of Microbiology and Veterinary Public Health, Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chittagong, Bangladesh.,National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Xin-Yong Yuan
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Lin Li
- JC Wilt Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Winnipeg, Mb, Canada
| | - Joshua Kimani
- Institute for Tropical and Infectious Diseases, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Francis Plummer
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Ma Luo
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,JC Wilt Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Winnipeg, Mb, Canada.,National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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The Potential Role of FREM1 and Its Isoform TILRR in HIV-1 Acquisition through Mediating Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22157825. [PMID: 34360591 PMCID: PMC8346017 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22157825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
FREM1 (Fras-related extracellular matrix 1) and its splice variant TILRR (Toll-like interleukin-1 receptor regulator) have been identified as integral components of innate immune systems. The potential involvement of FREM1 in HIV-1 (human immunodeficiency virus 1) acquisition was suggested by a genome-wide SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism) analysis of HIV-1 resistant and susceptible sex workers enrolled in the Pumwani sex worker cohort (PSWC) in Nairobi, Kenya. The studies showed that the minor allele of a FREM1 SNP rs1552896 is highly enriched in the HIV-1 resistant female sex workers. Subsequent studies showed that FREM1 mRNA is highly expressed in tissues relevant to mucosal HIV-1 infection, including cervical epithelial tissues, and TILRR is a major modulator of many genes in the NF-κB signal transduction pathway. In this article, we review the role of FREM1 and TILRR in modulating inflammatory responses and inflammation, and how their influence on inflammatory responses of cervicovaginal tissue could enhance the risk of vaginal HIV-1 acquisition.
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Li D, Wang Z, Zhang C, Xu C. IL-1R1 deficiency impairs liver regeneration after 2/3 partial hepatectomy in aged mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 45:225-234. [PMID: 33907503 PMCID: PMC8068764 DOI: 10.3906/biy-2010-51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation has a dual effect: it can protect the body and destroy tissue and cell as well. The purpose of this experiment was to determine the role of IL-1R1 in liver regeneration (LR) after partial hepatectomy (PH) in aged mice. The wild-type (WT, n = 36) and the IL-1R1 knockout (KO, n = 36) 24-month-old C57BL/6J mice underwent two-thirds PH; 33 WT mice underwent sham operation. Liver coefficient was calculated by liver/body weight. The mRNA and protein expressions of genes were evaluated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blotting methods, respectively. Compared with WT mice, liver coefficient was lower in the IL-1R1 KO aged mice at 168 and 192 h (p = 0.039 and p = 0.027). The mRNA transcription of inflammation-related genes and cell cycle-associated genes decreased or delayed. The protein expressions of proliferation-related marker PCNA and proliferation-associated signaling pathway components JNK1, NF-κB and STAT3 reduced or retarded. There was stronger activation of proapoptotic proteins caspase-3, caspase-8 and BAX in the IL-1R1 KO mice at different time points (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01). IL-1R1 KO reduced inflammation and caused impaired liver regeneration after 2/3 partial hepatectomy in aged mice. Maintaining proper inflammation may contribute to regeneration after liver partly surgical resection in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deming Li
- State Key Laboratory Cell Differentiation and Regulation, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan China.,Henan International Joint Laboratory of Pulmonary Fibrosis, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan China.,Henan Center for Outstanding Overseas Scientists of Pulmonary Fibrosis, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan China.,College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan China.,Institute of Biomedical Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan China.,Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Pulmonary Fibrosis (111 Project), Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan China
| | - Ze Wang
- State Key Laboratory Cell Differentiation and Regulation, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan China.,Henan International Joint Laboratory of Pulmonary Fibrosis, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan China.,Henan Center for Outstanding Overseas Scientists of Pulmonary Fibrosis, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan China.,College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan China.,Institute of Biomedical Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan China.,Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Pulmonary Fibrosis (111 Project), Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan China
| | - Chunyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Cell Differentiation and Regulation, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan China.,Henan International Joint Laboratory of Pulmonary Fibrosis, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan China.,Henan Center for Outstanding Overseas Scientists of Pulmonary Fibrosis, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan China.,College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan China.,Institute of Biomedical Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan China.,Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Pulmonary Fibrosis (111 Project), Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan China
| | - Cunshuan Xu
- State Key Laboratory Cell Differentiation and Regulation, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan China.,Henan International Joint Laboratory of Pulmonary Fibrosis, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan China.,Henan Center for Outstanding Overseas Scientists of Pulmonary Fibrosis, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan China.,College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan China.,Institute of Biomedical Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan China.,Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Pulmonary Fibrosis (111 Project), Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan China
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Fullstone G, Guttà C, Beyer A, Rehm M. The FLAME-accelerated signalling tool (FaST) for facile parallelisation of flexible agent-based models of cell signalling. NPJ Syst Biol Appl 2020; 6:10. [PMID: 32313030 PMCID: PMC7170865 DOI: 10.1038/s41540-020-0128-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Agent-based modelling is particularly adept at modelling complex features of cell signalling pathways, where heterogeneity, stochastic and spatial effects are important, thus increasing our understanding of decision processes in biology in such scenarios. However, agent-based modelling often is computationally prohibitive to implement. Parallel computing, either on central processing units (CPUs) or graphical processing units (GPUs), can provide a means to improve computational feasibility of agent-based applications but generally requires specialist coding knowledge and extensive optimisation. In this paper, we address these challenges through the development and implementation of the FLAME-accelerated signalling tool (FaST), a software that permits easy creation and parallelisation of agent-based models of cell signalling, on CPUs or GPUs. FaST incorporates validated new agent-based methods, for accurate modelling of reaction kinetics and, as proof of concept, successfully converted an ordinary differential equation (ODE) model of apoptosis execution into an agent-based model. We finally parallelised this model through FaST on CPUs and GPUs resulting in an increase in performance of 5.8× (16 CPUs) and 53.9×, respectively. The FaST takes advantage of the communicating X-machine approach used by FLAME and FLAME GPU to allow easy alteration or addition of functionality to parallel applications, but still includes inherent parallelisation optimisation. The FaST, therefore, represents a new and innovative tool to easily create and parallelise bespoke, robust, agent-based models of cell signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin Fullstone
- Institute for Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Allmandring 31, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany. .,Stuttgart Research Center Systems Biology (SRCSB), University of Stuttgart, Nobelstrasse 15, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Cristiano Guttà
- Institute for Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Allmandring 31, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Amatus Beyer
- Institute for Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Allmandring 31, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Markus Rehm
- Institute for Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Allmandring 31, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany. .,Stuttgart Research Center Systems Biology (SRCSB), University of Stuttgart, Nobelstrasse 15, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany.
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Chang NC, Yang HL, Dai CY, Lin WY, Wang HM, Chien CY, Ho KY. The association of genetic polymorphisms in interleukin-1 receptors type 1 and type 2 with age-related hearing impairment in a Taiwanese population: a case control study. J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2020; 49:16. [PMID: 32252823 PMCID: PMC7137511 DOI: 10.1186/s40463-020-00410-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Age-related hearing impairment (ARHI) is a major disability among the elder population. Chronic inflammation is an important factor in the development of ARHI. Interleukin-1 (IL-1) plays a key role in inflammation and may be associated with ARHI. The aim of this study is to analyze the associations of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of IL-1 receptor genes with ARHI in an elderly population in Taiwan. Method Participants ≥65 years of age were recruited for audiometric tests and genetic analyses. The bilateral pure-tone average (PTA) of high-tone hearing levels was calculated for ARHI evaluation. The associations of SNPs of the IL-1 receptor type 1 gene (IL1R1) (rs3917225 and rs2234650) and type 2 gene (IL1R2) (rs4141134 and rs2071008) with ARHI were analyzed in 182 ARHI-susceptible (case) and 176 ARHI-resistant (control) participants. Results The G allele of IL1R1 rs3917225 showed a decreased risk of ARHI after adjustments for sex, age, and noise exposure. The GG genotype of IL1R1 rs3917225 in all hereditary models and the TT genotype of IL1R2 rs2071008 in the recessive model also showed decreased risks of ARHI after adjustments. Conclusion These findings suggest that IL1R1 and IL1R2 polymorphisms may contribute to the decreased risk of ARHI in the elderly population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning-Chia Chang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Health Management Center, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hua-Ling Yang
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yen Dai
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Health Management Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Yi Lin
- Health Management Center, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hsun-Mo Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Yu Chien
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, No. 100, Tzyou 1st Road, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
| | - Kuen-Yao Ho
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. .,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, No. 100, Tzyou 1st Road, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan.
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Zhu Y, Li S, Sun Y, Wu J, Xiong Z, Jin T, Jia H, Yang X. IL1R1 Polymorphisms are Associated with Lumbar Disc Herniation Risk in the Northwestern Chinese Han Population. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:3728-3738. [PMID: 31104063 PMCID: PMC6540620 DOI: 10.12659/msm.913563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to assess the association of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in IL1R1 with the risk of lumbar disc herniation (LDH) in the Han population in northwest China. Material/Methods To estimate the association of IL1R1 polymorphisms with LDH risk, Agena MassARRAY was used to determine the genotypes of 498 LDH patients and 463 controls. The association between IL1R1 variants and LDH risk was examined by logistic regression analysis with adjustments for age and gender. Stratification analysis was observed between gender and age with polymorphisms of IL1R1. Haplotype construction and analysis in IL1R1 were also applied to detect the potential association. Results The mutant homozygous genotype in codominant model (AA versus GG, OR=2.37, 95% CI: 1.08–5.21, P=0.001) and in recessive model (AA versus GG/GA, OR=2.82, 95% CI: 1.30–6.12, P=0.005) of rs956730 were associated with an increased LDH risk in males, while rs956730 heterozygous genotype under codominant model (AG versus GG, OR=0.65, 95% CI: 0.46–0.92, P=0.001) was a protective genotype in males. In addition, the recessive model (CT/CC versus TT, OR=3.43, 95% CI: 1.11–10.57, P=0.020) of rs10490571 was associated with an increased LDH risk among people older than 50 years of age. Conclusions This study demonstrated that genetic variants in the IL1R1 genes were associated with LDH risk in the Han population of northwestern China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China (mainland)
| | - Shunan Li
- The Hohhot First Hospital, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China (mainland)
| | - Yao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Northwest University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China (mainland)
| | - Jiamin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Northwest University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China (mainland)
| | - Zichao Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Northwest University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China (mainland)
| | - Tianbo Jin
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Northwest University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China (mainland)
| | - Haiyu Jia
- The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China (mainland)
| | - Xuejun Yang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China (mainland)
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Kashem MA, Li H, Toledo NP, Omange RW, Liang B, Liu LR, Li L, Yang X, Yuan XY, Kindrachuk J, Plummer FA, Luo M. Toll-like Interleukin 1 Receptor Regulator Is an Important Modulator of Inflammation Responsive Genes. Front Immunol 2019; 10:272. [PMID: 30873160 PMCID: PMC6403165 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
TILRR (Toll-like interleukin-1 receptor regulator), a transcript variant of FREM1, is a novel regulatory component, which stimulates innate immune responses through binding to IL-1R1 (Interleukin-1 receptor, type 1) and TLR (Toll-like receptor) complex. However, it is not known whether TILRR expression influences other genes in the NFκB signal transduction and pro-inflammatory responses. Our previous study identified FREM1 as a novel candidate gene in HIV-1 resistance/susceptibility in the Pumwani Sex worker cohort. In this study, we investigated the effect of TILRR overexpression on expression of genes in the NFκB signaling pathway in vitro. The effect of TILRR on mRNA expression of 84 genes related to NFκB signal transduction pathway was investigated by qRT-PCR. Overexpression of TILRR on pro-inflammatory cytokine/chemokine(s) secretion in cell culture supernatants was analyzed using Bioplex multiplex bead assay. We found that TILRR overexpression significantly influenced expression of many genes in HeLa and VK2/E6E7 cells. Several cytokine/chemokine(s), including IL-6, IL-8 (CXCL8), IP-10, MCP-1, MIP-1β, and RANTES (CCL5) were significantly increased in the cell culture supernatants following TILRR overexpression. Although how TILRR influences the expression of these genes needs to be further studied, we are the first to show the influence of TILRR on many genes in the NFκB inflammatory pathways. The NFκB inflammatory response pathways are extremely important in microbial infection and pathogenesis, including HIV-1 transmission. Further study of the role of TILRR may identify the novel intervention targets and strategies against HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Abul Kashem
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,JC Wilt Infectious Diseases Research Centre, National Microbiology Laboratory, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Hongzhao Li
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,JC Wilt Infectious Diseases Research Centre, National Microbiology Laboratory, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Nikki Pauline Toledo
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,JC Wilt Infectious Diseases Research Centre, National Microbiology Laboratory, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Robert Were Omange
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,JC Wilt Infectious Diseases Research Centre, National Microbiology Laboratory, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Binhua Liang
- JC Wilt Infectious Diseases Research Centre, National Microbiology Laboratory, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Lewis Ruxi Liu
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,JC Wilt Infectious Diseases Research Centre, National Microbiology Laboratory, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,JC Wilt Infectious Diseases Research Centre, National Microbiology Laboratory, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Xuefen Yang
- JC Wilt Infectious Diseases Research Centre, National Microbiology Laboratory, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Xin-Yong Yuan
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Jason Kindrachuk
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Francis A Plummer
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Ma Luo
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,JC Wilt Infectious Diseases Research Centre, National Microbiology Laboratory, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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Abstract
The extracellular forms of the IL-1 cytokines are active through binding to specific receptors on the surface of target cells. IL-1 ligands bind to the extracellular portion of their ligand-binding receptor chain. For signaling to take place, a non-binding accessory chain is recruited into a heterotrimeric complex. The intracellular approximation of the Toll-IL-1-receptor (TIR) domains of the 2 receptor chains is the event that initiates signaling. The family of IL-1 receptors (IL-1R) includes 10 structurally related members, and the distantly related soluble protein IL-18BP that acts as inhibitor of the cytokine IL-18. Over the years the receptors of the IL-1 family have been known with many different names, with significant confusion. Thus, we will use here a recently proposed unifying nomenclature. The family includes several ligand-binding chains (IL-1R1, IL-1R2, IL-1R4, IL-1R5, and IL-1R6), 2 types of accessory chains (IL-1R3, IL-1R7), molecules that act as inhibitors of signaling (IL-1R2, IL-1R8, IL-18BP), and 2 orphan receptors (IL-1R9, IL-1R10). In this review, we will examine how the receptors of the IL-1 family regulate the inflammatory and anti-inflammatory functions of the IL-1 cytokines and are, more at large, involved in modulating defensive and pathological innate immunity and inflammation. Regulation of the IL-1/IL-1R system in the brain will be also described, as an example of the peculiarities of organ-specific modulation of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Boraschi
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Paola Italiani
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Sabrina Weil
- Immunology FB08, Justus-Liebig-Universitat Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Michael U Martin
- Immunology FB08, Justus-Liebig-Universitat Giessen, Giessen, Germany
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Na Y, Bai R, Ren Y, Zhao Z, Kong L, Li R, Han C, Jia H. IL1R1 polymorphisms are associated with ankylosing spondylitis in the Han Chinese population: a case-control study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2018; 11:3759-3764. [PMID: 31949760 PMCID: PMC6962843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Several studies have demonstrated that polymorphisms within the IL-1 gene cluster are associated with the risk of ankylosing spondylitis (AS) in different populations. In this study, we desired to know whether IL1R1, a gene located in the IL-1 gene cluster, is a susceptible gene for AS in a Northwest Chinese Han population. The Sequenom MassARRAY assay technique was used to determine the genotype of 267 AS patients and 297 controls from Northwest China. Genotype and allele distributions of the investigated IL1R1 variants (rs10490571, rs12712127, rs956730, rs3917225, and rs3917318) were compared among the cases and controls using Chi-square/Fisher's exact tests. In addition, the associations of these polymorphisms with AS risk were also assessed under dominant, recessive, and additive genetic models using PLINK software. We found the minor G allele of rs3917225 was associated with an increased risk of AS (OR=1.39, 95% CI: 1.09-1.77, P=0.007). Significant association was also detected for rs956730 under the dominant model (OR=0.54, 95% CI: 0.30-0.96, P=0.032) and the additive model (OR=0.55, 95% CI: 0.34-0.90, P=0.016), adjusting for age and gender. This study is the first to demonstrate the significant association between IL1R1 polymorphisms and AS susceptibility in a Northwest Chinese Han population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyan Na
- Department of Arthroscopy and Sports Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical UniversityHohhot, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
| | - Rui Bai
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical UniversityHohhot, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
| | - Yizhong Ren
- Department of Arthroscopy and Sports Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical UniversityHohhot, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
| | - Zhenqun Zhao
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical UniversityHohhot, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
| | - Lingyue Kong
- Department of Arthroscopy and Sports Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical UniversityHohhot, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
| | - Ruifeng Li
- Department of Cervical Vertebra, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical UniversityHohhot, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
| | - Changxu Han
- Department of Arthroscopy and Sports Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical UniversityHohhot, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
| | - Haisheng Jia
- Department of Traumatic Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical UniversityHohhot, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
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Cantone M, Santos G, Wentker P, Lai X, Vera J. Multiplicity of Mathematical Modeling Strategies to Search for Molecular and Cellular Insights into Bacteria Lung Infection. Front Physiol 2017; 8:645. [PMID: 28912729 PMCID: PMC5582318 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Even today two bacterial lung infections, namely pneumonia and tuberculosis, are among the 10 most frequent causes of death worldwide. These infections still lack effective treatments in many developing countries and in immunocompromised populations like infants, elderly people and transplanted patients. The interaction between bacteria and the host is a complex system of interlinked intercellular and the intracellular processes, enriched in regulatory structures like positive and negative feedback loops. Severe pathological condition can emerge when the immune system of the host fails to neutralize the infection. This failure can result in systemic spreading of pathogens or overwhelming immune response followed by a systemic inflammatory response. Mathematical modeling is a promising tool to dissect the complexity underlying pathogenesis of bacterial lung infection at the molecular, cellular and tissue levels, and also at the interfaces among levels. In this article, we introduce mathematical and computational modeling frameworks that can be used for investigating molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying bacterial lung infection. Then, we compile and discuss published results on the modeling of regulatory pathways and cell populations relevant for lung infection and inflammation. Finally, we discuss how to make use of this multiplicity of modeling approaches to open new avenues in the search of the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying bacterial infection in the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Julio Vera
- Laboratory of Systems Tumor Immunology, Department of Dermatology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum ErlangenErlangen, Germany
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The IL-1RI Co-Receptor TILRR ( FREM1 Isoform 2) Controls Aberrant Inflammatory Responses and Development of Vascular Disease. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2017; 2:398-414. [PMID: 28920098 PMCID: PMC5582195 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2017.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The IL-1RI co-receptor, TILRR, is a potent amplifier of IL-1–induced responses. Blocking TILRR inhibits IL-1 receptor function and activation of inflammatory genes. TILRR expression is high in atherosclerotic lesions but low in healthy tissue, allowing distinct inhibition at sites of inflammation. Genetic deletion of TILRR and antibody blocking of TILRR function reduce plaque development and progression of atherosclerosis. Lesions exhibit low levels of macrophages and increased levels of smooth muscle cells and collagen, characteristics of stable plaques.
Expression of the interleukin-1 receptor type I (IL-1RI) co-receptor Toll-like and interleukin-1 receptor regulator (TILRR) is significantly increased in blood monocytes following myocardial infarction and in the atherosclerotic plaque, whereas levels in healthy tissue are low. TILRR association with IL-1RI at these sites causes aberrant activation of inflammatory genes, which underlie progression of cardiovascular disease. The authors show that genetic deletion of TILRR or antibody blocking of TILRR function reduces development of atherosclerotic plaques. Lesions exhibit decreased levels of monocytes, with increases in collagen and smooth muscle cells, characteristic features of stable plaques. The results suggest that TILRR may constitute a rational target for site- and signal-specific inhibition of vascular disease.
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Key Words
- ApoE, apolipoprotein E
- DK, double knockout
- GAPDH, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase
- IL, interleukin
- IL-1RI
- IL-1RI, interleukin-1 receptor type I
- IgG, immunoglobulin G
- IκBα, inhibitor kappa B alpha
- KO, knockout
- LDLR–/–, low-density lipoprotein receptor–/–
- LPS, lipopolysaccharide
- NF-κB
- NF-κB, nuclear factor-kappa B
- NSTEMI, non–ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction
- PBS, phosphate-buffered saline
- PCR, polymerase chain reaction
- SDS, sodium dodecyl sulfate
- STEMI, ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction
- TILRR
- TILRR, toll-like and interleukin-1 receptor regulator
- heparan sulfate proteoglycan
- iBALT, inducible bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue
- interleukin-1 receptor
- qPCR, quantitative polymerase chain reaction
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Na Y, Bai R, Zhao Z, Wei Y, Li D, Wang Y, Sun C, Sun L, Zhang B, Jin T, Liu W. IL1R1 gene polymorphisms are associated with knee osteoarthritis risk in the Chinese Han population. Oncotarget 2017; 8:4228-4233. [PMID: 27980229 PMCID: PMC5354826 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
IL1R1, encoding interleukin 1 receptor type 1, is located in the IL-1 gene cluster and is involved in the pathogenesis of hand, hip, and knee osteoarthritis (OA) in different ethnicities. However, the link between IL1R1 polymorphisms and OA risk in the Chinese Han population is unknown. We studied the association between five IL1R1 polymorphisms (rs10490571, rs12712127, rs956730, rs3917225, and rs3917318) and OA risk by analyzing the genotypes of 298 knee OA patients and 297 controls using Sequenom MassARRAY technology. Logistic regression analysis after adjusting for gender and age revealed significant differences in the allele frequencies of IL1R1 rs956730 and IL1R1 rs3917225 between patients and controls. In addition, IL1R1 rs3917225 was associated with increased risk of knee OA with or without adjustment by age and gender in the dominant model (adjusted OR= 1.47, 95%CI: 1.04-2.07, P = 0.030), the recessive model (adjusted OR= 1.75, 95%CI: 1.08-2.85, P= 0.023), and the additive model (adjusted OR= 1.40, 95%CI: 1.09-1.79, P = 0.007). This study is the first to report that IL1R1 polymorphisms are associated with knee OA susceptibility in the Northwestern Chinese Han population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyan Na
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
- Graduate School of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
| | - Rui Bai
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
| | - Zhenqun Zhao
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
| | - Yishan Wei
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
| | - Daihe Li
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
| | - Chao Sun
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
| | - Liang Sun
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
| | - Bolun Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
- Graduate School of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
| | - Tianbo Jin
- Xi’an Tiangen Precision Medical Institute, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Miniaturized Detection Systems, School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wanlin Liu
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
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Rhodes DM, Holcombe M, Qwarnstrom EE. Reducing complexity in an agent based reaction model-Benefits and limitations of simplifications in relation to run time and system level output. Biosystems 2016; 147:21-7. [PMID: 27297544 PMCID: PMC5000584 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystems.2016.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Revised: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Agent based modelling is a methodology for simulating a variety of systems across a broad spectrum of fields. However, due to the complexity of the systems it is often impossible or impractical to model them at a one to one scale. In this paper we use a simple reaction rate model implemented using the FLAME framework to test the impact of common methods for reducing model complexity such as reducing scale, increasing iteration duration and reducing message overheads. We demonstrate that such approaches can have significant impact on simulation runtime albeit with increasing risk of aberrant system behaviour and errors, as the complexity of the model is reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Rhodes
- Department of Cardiovascular Science, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2RX, United Kingdom; Department of Computer Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S1 4DP, United Kingdom
| | - Mike Holcombe
- Department of Computer Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S1 4DP, United Kingdom.
| | - Eva E Qwarnstrom
- Department of Cardiovascular Science, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2RX, United Kingdom
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