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Aziz N, Wal P, Patel A, Prajapati H. A comprehensive review on the pharmacological role of gut microbiome in neurodegenerative disorders: potential therapeutic targets. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024:10.1007/s00210-024-03109-4. [PMID: 38734839 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-03109-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Neurological disorders, including Alzheimer and Parkinson's, pose significant challenges to public health due to their complex etiologies and limited treatment options. Recent advances in research have highlighted the intricate bidirectional communication between the gut microbiome and the central nervous system (CNS), revealing a potential therapeutic avenue for neurological disorders. Thus, this review aims to summarize the current understanding of the pharmacological role of gut microbiome in neurological disorders. Mounting evidence suggests that the gut microbiome plays a crucial role in modulating CNS function through various mechanisms, including the production of neurotransmitters, neuroactive metabolites, and immune system modulation. Dysbiosis, characterized by alterations in gut microbial composition and function, has been observed in many neurological disorders, indicating a potential causative or contributory role. Pharmacological interventions targeting the gut microbiome have emerged as promising therapeutic strategies for neurological disorders. Probiotics, prebiotics, antibiotics, and microbial metabolite-based interventions have shown beneficial effects in animal models and some human studies. These interventions aim to restore microbial homeostasis, enhance microbial diversity, and promote the production of beneficial metabolites. However, several challenges remain, including the need for standardized protocols, identification of specific microbial signatures associated with different neurological disorders, and understanding the precise mechanisms underlying gut-brain communication. Further research is necessary to unravel the intricate interactions between the gut microbiome and the CNS and to develop targeted pharmacological interventions for neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namra Aziz
- PSIT-Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology (Pharmacy), NH-19, Kanpur, UP, 209305, India
| | - Pranay Wal
- PSIT-Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology (Pharmacy), NH-19, Kanpur, UP, 209305, India.
| | - Aman Patel
- PSIT-Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology (Pharmacy), NH-19, Kanpur, UP, 209305, India
| | - Harshit Prajapati
- PSIT-Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology (Pharmacy), NH-19, Kanpur, UP, 209305, India
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2
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Tonev D, Momchilova A. Oxidative Stress and the Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2 (Nrf2) Pathway in Multiple Sclerosis: Focus on Certain Exogenous and Endogenous Nrf2 Activators and Therapeutic Plasma Exchange Modulation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17223. [PMID: 38139050 PMCID: PMC10743556 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS) suggests that, in genetically susceptible subjects, T lymphocytes undergo activation in the peripheral compartment, pass through the BBB, and cause damage in the CNS. They produce pro-inflammatory cytokines; induce cytotoxic activities in microglia and astrocytes with the accumulation of reactive oxygen species, reactive nitrogen species, and other highly reactive radicals; activate B cells and macrophages and stimulate the complement system. Inflammation and neurodegeneration are involved from the very beginning of the disease. They can both be affected by oxidative stress (OS) with different emphases depending on the time course of MS. Thus, OS initiates and supports inflammatory processes in the active phase, while in the chronic phase it supports neurodegenerative processes. A still unresolved issue in overcoming OS-induced lesions in MS is the insufficient endogenous activation of the Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway, which under normal conditions plays an essential role in mitochondria protection, OS, neuroinflammation, and degeneration. Thus, the search for approaches aiming to elevate endogenous Nrf2 activation is capable of protecting the brain against oxidative damage. However, exogenous Nrf2 activators themselves are not without drawbacks, necessitating the search for new non-pharmacological therapeutic approaches to modulate OS. The purpose of the present review is to provide some relevant preclinical and clinical examples, focusing on certain exogenous and endogenous Nrf2 activators and the modulation of therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE). The increased plasma levels of nerve growth factor (NGF) in response to TPE treatment of MS patients suggest their antioxidant potential for endogenous Nrf2 enhancement via NGF/TrkA/PI3K/Akt and NGF/p75NTR/ceramide-PKCζ/CK2 signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitar Tonev
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, University Hospital “Tzaritza Yoanna—ISUL”, Medical University of Sofia, 1527 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Albena Momchilova
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Science, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria;
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3
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Bao B, Yin XP, Wen XQ, Suo YJ, Chen ZY, Li DL, Lai Q, Cao XM, Qu QM. The protective effects of EGCG was associated with HO-1 active and microglia pyroptosis inhibition in experimental intracerebral hemorrhage. Neurochem Int 2023; 170:105603. [PMID: 37633650 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2023.105603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), which has high mortality and disability rate is associated with microglial pyroptosis and neuroinflammation, and the effective treatment methods are limited Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) has been found to play a cytoprotective role by regulating the anti-inflammatory response to pyroptosis in other systemic diseases. However, the role of EGCG in microglial pyroptosis and neuroinflammation after ICH remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the effects of EGCG pretreatment on neuroinflammation-mediated neuronal pyroptosis and the underlying neuroprotective mechanisms in experimental ICH. EGCG pretreatment was found to remarkably improved neurobehavioral performance, and decreased the hematoma volume and cerebral edema in mice. We found that EGCG pretreatment attenuated the release of hemin-induced inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-18, and TNF-α). EGCG significantly upregulated the expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), and downregulated the levels of pyroptotic molecules and inflammatory cytokines including Caspase-1, GSDMD, NLRP3, mature IL-1β, and IL-18. EGCG pretreatment also decreased the number of Caspase-1-positive microglia and GSDMD along with NLRP3-positive microglia after ICH. Conversely, an HO-1-specific inhibitor (ZnPP), significantly inhibited the anti-pyroptosis and anti-neuroinflammation effects of EGCG. Therefore, EGCG pretreatment alleviated microglial pyroptosis and neuroinflammation, at least in part through the Caspase-1/GSDMD/NLRP3 pathway by upregulating HO-1 expression after ICH. In addition, EGCG pretreatment promoted the polarization of microglia from the M1 phenotype to M2 phenotype after ICH. The results suggest that EGCG is a potential agent to attenuate neuroinflammation via its anti-pyroptosis effect after ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Bao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China; Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, No.57 Xunyang East Rode, Xunyang District, Jiujiang, 332000, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Yin
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, No.57 Xunyang East Rode, Xunyang District, Jiujiang, 332000, China
| | - Xiao-Qing Wen
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, No.57 Xunyang East Rode, Xunyang District, Jiujiang, 332000, China
| | - Yi-Jun Suo
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, No.57 Xunyang East Rode, Xunyang District, Jiujiang, 332000, China
| | - Zhi-Ying Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, No.57 Xunyang East Rode, Xunyang District, Jiujiang, 332000, China
| | - Dong-Ling Li
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, No.57 Xunyang East Rode, Xunyang District, Jiujiang, 332000, China
| | - Qin Lai
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, No.57 Xunyang East Rode, Xunyang District, Jiujiang, 332000, China
| | - Xian-Ming Cao
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, No.57 Xunyang East Rode, Xunyang District, Jiujiang, 332000, China
| | - Qiu-Min Qu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China.
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Niu X, Liu Z, Wang J, Wu D. Green tea EGCG inhibits naïve CD4 + T cell division and progression in mice: An integration of network pharmacology, molecular docking and experimental validation. Curr Res Food Sci 2023; 7:100537. [PMID: 37441168 PMCID: PMC10333431 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2023.100537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary green tea epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) could attenuate experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis via the modification of the balance of CD4+ T helper (Th) cells. Moreover, EGCG administration in vitro has a direct impact on the regulatory cytokines and differentiation of CD4+ T cells. Here, we aim to determine whether EGCG directly affects the cell division and progression in naive CD4+ T cells. We first investigate the effect of EGCG on naïve CD4+ T cell division and progression in vitro. An integrated analysis of network pharmacology and molecular docking was utilized to further identify the targets of EGCG for T cell-mediated autoimmune diseases and multiple sclerosis (MS). EGCG treatment prevented naïve CD4+ T cells from progressing through the cell cycle when stimulated with anti-CD3/CD28 antibodies. This was achieved by increasing the proportion of cells arrested in the G0/G1 phase by 8.6% and reducing DNA synthesis activity by 51% in the S phase. Furthermore, EGCG treatment inhibited the expression of cyclins (cyclin D1, cyclin D3, cyclin A, and cyclin B1) and CDKs (CDK2 and CDK6) during naïve CD4+ T cell activation in response to anti-CD3/CD28 stimulation. However, EGCG inhibited the decrease of P27Kip1 (CDKN1B) during naïve CD4+ T cell activation, whereas it inhibited the increase of P21Cip1 (CDKN1A) expression 48 h after mitogenic stimulation. The molecular docking analysis confirmed that these proteins (CD4, CCND1, and CDKN1A) are the primary targets for EGCG, T cell-mediated autoimmune diseases, and MS. Finally, target enrichment analysis indicated that EGCG may affect the cell cycle, T cell receptor signaling pathway, Th cell differentiation, and NF-κB signaling pathway. These findings reveal a crucial role of EGCG in the division and progression of CD4+ T cells, and underscore other potential targets of EGCG in T cell-mediated autoimmune diseases such as MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinli Niu
- Translational Medical Center, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, 475000, China
- College of Life Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475000, China
- Nutritional Immunology Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Zejin Liu
- Translational Medical Center, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, 475000, China
| | - Junpeng Wang
- Translational Medical Center, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, 475000, China
- Nutritional Immunology Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Dayong Wu
- Nutritional Immunology Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
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Chen BY, Salas JR, Trias AO, Rodriguez AP, Tsang JE, Guemes M, Le TM, Galic Z, Shepard HM, Steinman L, Nathanson DA, Czernin J, Witte ON, Radu CG, Schultz KA, Clark PM. Targeting deoxycytidine kinase improves symptoms in mouse models of multiple sclerosis. Immunology 2023; 168:152-169. [PMID: 35986643 PMCID: PMC9844239 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease driven by lymphocyte activation against myelin autoantigens in the central nervous system leading to demyelination and neurodegeneration. The deoxyribonucleoside salvage pathway with the rate-limiting enzyme deoxycytidine kinase (dCK) captures extracellular deoxyribonucleosides for use in intracellular deoxyribonucleotide metabolism. Previous studies have shown that deoxyribonucleoside salvage activity is enriched in lymphocytes and required for early lymphocyte development. However, specific roles for the deoxyribonucleoside salvage pathway and dCK in autoimmune diseases such as MS are unknown. Here we demonstrate that dCK activity is necessary for the development of clinical symptoms in the MOG35-55 and MOG1-125 experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mouse models of MS. During EAE disease, deoxyribonucleoside salvage activity is elevated in the spleen and lymph nodes. Targeting dCK with the small molecule dCK inhibitor TRE-515 limits disease severity when treatments are started at disease induction or when symptoms first appear. EAE mice treated with TRE-515 have significantly fewer infiltrating leukocytes in the spinal cord, and TRE-515 blocks activation-induced B and T cell proliferation and MOG35-55 -specific T cell expansion without affecting innate immune cells or naïve T and B cell populations. Our results demonstrate that targeting dCK limits symptoms in EAE mice and suggest that dCK activity is required for MOG35-55 -specific lymphocyte activation-induced proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao Ying Chen
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jessica R. Salas
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Alyssa O. Trias
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Arely Perez Rodriguez
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan E. Tsang
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Miriam Guemes
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Thuc M. Le
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Ahmanson Translational Imaging Division, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Zoran Galic
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Lawrence Steinman
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - David A. Nathanson
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Ahmanson Translational Imaging Division, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Johannes Czernin
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Ahmanson Translational Imaging Division, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Owen N. Witte
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Caius G. Radu
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Ahmanson Translational Imaging Division, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Peter M. Clark
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Du Y, Paglicawan L, Soomro S, Abunofal O, Baig S, Vanarsa K, Hicks J, Mohan C. Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate Dampens Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver by Modulating Liver Function, Lipid Profile and Macrophage Polarization. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13020599. [PMID: 33670347 PMCID: PMC7918805 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) has been shown to attenuate obesity, fatty liver disease, hepatic inflammation and lipid profiles. Here, we validate the efficacy of EGCG in a murine model of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and extend the mechanistic insights. NAFLD was induced in mice by a high-fat diet (HFD) with 30% fructose. EGCG was administered at a low dose (25 mg/kg/day, EGCG-25) or high dose (50 mg/kg/day, EGCG-50) for 8 weeks. In HFD-fed mice, EGCG attenuated body and liver weight by ~22% and 47%, respectively, accompanied by ~47% reduction in hepatic triglyceride (TG) accumulation and ~38% reduction in serum cholesterol, resonating well with previous reports in the literature. In EGCG-treated mice, the hepatic steatosis score and the non-alcoholic steatohepatitis activity score were both reduced by ~50% and ~57%, respectively, accompanied by improvements in hepatic inflammation grade. Liver enzymes were improved ~2–3-fold following EGCG treatment, recapitulating previous reports. Hepatic flow cytometry demonstrated that EGCG-fed mice had lower Ly6C+, MHCII+ and higher CD206+, CD23+ hepatic macrophage infiltration, indicating that EGCG impactedM1/M2 macrophage polarization. Our study further validates the salubrious effects of EGCG on NAFLD and sheds light on a novel mechanistic contribution of EGCG, namely hepatic M1-to-M2 macrophage polarization. These findings offer further support for the use of EGCG in human NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Du
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA; (L.P.); (S.S.); (O.A.); (S.B.); (K.V.)
- Correspondence: (Y.D.); (C.M.); Tel.: +1-214-335-1651 (Y.D.); +1-713-743-3709 (C.M.)
| | - Laura Paglicawan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA; (L.P.); (S.S.); (O.A.); (S.B.); (K.V.)
| | - Sanam Soomro
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA; (L.P.); (S.S.); (O.A.); (S.B.); (K.V.)
| | - Omar Abunofal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA; (L.P.); (S.S.); (O.A.); (S.B.); (K.V.)
| | - Sahar Baig
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA; (L.P.); (S.S.); (O.A.); (S.B.); (K.V.)
| | - Kamala Vanarsa
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA; (L.P.); (S.S.); (O.A.); (S.B.); (K.V.)
| | - John Hicks
- Department of Pathology, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Chandra Mohan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA; (L.P.); (S.S.); (O.A.); (S.B.); (K.V.)
- Correspondence: (Y.D.); (C.M.); Tel.: +1-214-335-1651 (Y.D.); +1-713-743-3709 (C.M.)
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Malla B, Cotten S, Ulshoefer R, Paul F, Hauser AE, Niesner R, Bros H, Infante-Duarte C. Teriflunomide preserves peripheral nerve mitochondria from oxidative stress-mediated alterations. Ther Adv Chronic Dis 2020; 11:2040622320944773. [PMID: 32850106 PMCID: PMC7425321 DOI: 10.1177/2040622320944773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is a common pathological hallmark in various inflammatory and degenerative diseases of the central nervous system, including multiple sclerosis (MS). We previously showed that oxidative stress alters axonal mitochondria, limiting their transport and inducing conformational changes that lead to axonal damage. Teriflunomide (TFN), an oral immunomodulatory drug approved for the treatment of relapsing forms of MS, reversibly inhibits dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH). DHODH is crucial for de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis and is the only mitochondrial enzyme in this pathway, thus conferring a link between inflammation, mitochondrial activity and axonal integrity. Here, we investigated how DHODH inhibition may affect mitochondrial behavior in the context of oxidative stress. We employed a model of transected murine spinal roots, previously developed in our laboratory. Using confocal live imaging of axonal mitochondria, we showed that in unmanipulated axons, TFN increased significantly the mitochondria length without altering their transport features. In mitochondria challenged with 50 µM hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to induce oxidative stress, the presence of TFN at 1 µM concentration was able to restore mitochondrial shape, motility, as well as mitochondrial oxidation potential to control levels. No effects were observed at 5 µM TFN, while some shape and motility parameters were restored to control levels at 50 µM TFN. Thus, our data demonstrate an undescribed link between DHODH and mitochondrial dynamics and point to a potential neuroprotective effect of DHODH inhibition in the context of oxidative stress-induced damage of axonal mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bimala Malla
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute for Medical Immunology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Samuel Cotten
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute for Medical Immunology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rebecca Ulshoefer
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute for Medical Immunology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Friedemann Paul
- NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Experimental & Clinical Research Center (ECRC), Max Delbrueck Center (MDC) for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany and Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anja E Hauser
- Medizinische Klinik mit Schwerpunkt Rheumatologie und Klinische Immunologie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt - Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum, Berlin, Germany
| | - Raluca Niesner
- Dynamic and Functional in vivo Imaging, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum, Berlin, Germany and Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany
| | - Helena Bros
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute for Medical Immunology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Carmen Infante-Duarte
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Experimental & Clinical Research Center (ECRC), MDC for Molecular Medicine and Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, Berlin 13353, Germany
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8
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Menegazzi M, Campagnari R, Bertoldi M, Crupi R, Di Paola R, Cuzzocrea S. Protective Effect of Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate (EGCG) in Diseases with Uncontrolled Immune Activation: Could Such a Scenario Be Helpful to Counteract COVID-19? Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21145171. [PMID: 32708322 PMCID: PMC7404268 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21145171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Some coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients develop acute pneumonia which can result in a cytokine storm syndrome in response to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. The most effective anti-inflammatory drugs employed so far in severe COVID-19 belong to the cytokine-directed biological agents, widely used in the management of many autoimmune diseases. In this paper we analyze the efficacy of epigallocatechin 3-gallate (EGCG), the most abundant ingredient in green tea leaves and a well-known antioxidant, in counteracting autoimmune diseases, which are dominated by a massive cytokines production. Indeed, many studies registered that EGCG inhibits signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)1/3 and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) transcription factors, whose activities are crucial in a multiplicity of downstream pro-inflammatory signaling pathways. Importantly, the safety of EGCG/green tea extract supplementation is well documented in many clinical trials, as discussed in this review. Since EGCG can restore the natural immunological homeostasis in many different autoimmune diseases, we propose here a supplementation therapy with EGCG in COVID-19 patients. Besides some antiviral and anti-sepsis actions, the major EGCG benefits lie in its anti-fibrotic effect and in the ability to simultaneously downregulate expression and signaling of many inflammatory mediators. In conclusion, EGCG can be considered a potential safe natural supplement to counteract hyper-inflammation growing in COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Menegazzi
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Biochemistry Section, School of Medicine, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 8, I-37134 Verona, Italy; (R.C.); (M.B.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Rachele Campagnari
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Biochemistry Section, School of Medicine, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 8, I-37134 Verona, Italy; (R.C.); (M.B.)
| | - Mariarita Bertoldi
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Biochemistry Section, School of Medicine, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 8, I-37134 Verona, Italy; (R.C.); (M.B.)
| | - Rosalia Crupi
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Messina, Polo Universitario dell’Annunziata, I-98168 Messina, Italy;
| | - Rosanna Di Paola
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres 31, I-98166 Messina, Italy; (R.D.P.); (S.C.)
| | - Salvatore Cuzzocrea
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres 31, I-98166 Messina, Italy; (R.D.P.); (S.C.)
- Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Science, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA
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9
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Michaličková D, Hrnčíř T, Canová NK, Slanař O. Targeting Keap1/Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway in multiple sclerosis. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 873:172973. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.172973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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10
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Zhang HK, Ye Y, Li KJ, Zhao ZN, He JF. Gypenosides Prevent H 2O 2-Induced Retinal Ganglion Cell Apoptosis by Concurrently Suppressing the Neuronal Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Response. J Mol Neurosci 2020; 70:618-630. [PMID: 31897969 PMCID: PMC7066284 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-019-01468-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Our previous study demonstrated that gypenosides (Gp) exert protective effects on retinal nerve fibers and axons in a mouse model of experimental autoimmune optic neuritis. However, the therapeutic mechanisms remain unclear. Thus, in this study, a model of oxidative damage in retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) was established to investigate the protective effect of Gp, and its possible influence on oxidative stress in RGCs. Treatment of cells with H2O2 induced RGC injury owing to the generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). In addition, the activities of antioxidative enzymes decreased and the expression of inflammatory factors increased, resulting in an increase in cellular apoptosis. Gp helped RGCs to become resistant to oxidation damage by directly reducing the amount of ROS in cells and exerting protective effects against H2O2-induced apoptosis. Treatment with Gp also reduced the generation of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and increased nuclear respiratory factor 2 (Nrf-2) levels so as to increase the levels of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and glutathione peroxidase 1/2 (Gpx1/2), which can enhance antioxidation in RGCs. In conclusion, our data indicate that neuroprotection by Gp involves its antioxidation and anti-inflammation effects. Gp prevents apoptosis through a mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. This finding might provide novel insights into understanding the mechanism of the neuroprotective effects of gypenosides in the treatment of optic neuritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Kan Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Yuan Ye
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Kai-Jun Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Zhen-Ni Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Jian-Feng He
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China.
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11
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Martinez B, Peplow PV. Protective effects of pharmacological therapies in animal models of multiple sclerosis: a review of studies 2014-2019. Neural Regen Res 2020; 15:1220-1234. [PMID: 31960801 PMCID: PMC7047782 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.272572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. The disability caused by inflammatory demyelination clinically dominates the early stages of relapsing-remitting MS and is reversible. Once there is considerable loss of axons, MS patients enter a secondary progressive stage. Disease-modifying drugs currently in use for MS suppress the immune system and reduce relapse rates but are not effective in the progressive stage. Various animal models of MS (mostly mouse and rat) have been established and proved useful in studying the disease process and response to therapy. The experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis animal studies reviewed here showed that a chronic progressive disease can be induced by immunization with appropriate amounts of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein together with mycobacterium tuberculosis and pertussis toxin in Freund's adjuvant. The clinical manifestations of autoimmune encephalomyelitis disease were prevented or reduced by treatment with certain pharmacological agents given prior to, at, or after peak disease, and the agents had protective effects as shown by inhibiting demyelination and damage to neurons, axons and oligodendrocytes. In the cuprizone-induced toxicity animal studies, the pharmacological agents tested were able to promote remyelination and increase the number of oligodendrocytes when administered therapeutically or prophylactically. A monoclonal IgM antibody protected axons in the spinal cord and preserved motor function in animals inoculated with Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus. In all these studies the pharmacological agents were administered singly. A combination therapy may be more effective, especially using agents that target neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration, as they may exert synergistic actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridget Martinez
- Physical Chemistry and Applied Spectroscopy, Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA; Department of Medicine, St. Georges University School of Medicine, True Blue, Grenada
| | - Philip V Peplow
- Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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12
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Martinez B, Peplow PV. MicroRNAs as disease progression biomarkers and therapeutic targets in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis model of multiple sclerosis. Neural Regen Res 2020; 15:1831-1837. [PMID: 32246624 PMCID: PMC7513985 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.280307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system characterized by pronounced inflammatory infiltrates entering the brain, spinal cord and optic nerve leading to demyelination. Focal demyelination is associated with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis, while progressive forms of the disease show axonal degeneration and neuronal loss. The tests currently used in the clinical diagnosis and management of multiple sclerosis have limitations due to specificity and sensitivity. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are dysregulated in many diseases and disorders including demyelinating and neuroinflammatory diseases. A review of recent studies with the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis animal model (mostly female mice 6–12 weeks of age) has confirmed miRNAs as biomarkers of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis disease and importantly at the pre-onset (asymptomatic) stage when assessed in blood plasma and urine exosomes, and spinal cord tissue. The expression of certain miRNAs was also dysregulated at the onset and peak of disease in blood plasma and urine exosomes, brain and spinal cord tissue, and at the post-peak (chronic) stage of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis disease in spinal cord tissue. Therapies using miRNA mimics or inhibitors were found to delay the induction and alleviate the severity of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis disease. Interestingly, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis disease severity was reduced by overexpression of miR-146a, miR-23b, miR-497, miR-26a, and miR-20b, or by suppression of miR-182, miR-181c, miR-223, miR-155, and miR-873. Further studies are warranted on determining more fully miRNA profiles in blood plasma and urine exosomes of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis animals since they could serve as biomarkers of asymptomatic multiple sclerosis and disease course. Additionally, studies should be performed with male mice of a similar age, and with aged male and female mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridget Martinez
- Physical Chemistry and Applied Spectroscopy, Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA; Department of Medicine, St. Georges University School of Medicine, Grenada
| | - Philip V Peplow
- Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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13
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Kulabas SS, Onder FC, Yılmaz YB, Ozleyen A, Durdagi S, Sahin K, Ay M, Tumer TB. In vitro and in silico studies of nitrobenzamide derivatives as potential anti-neuroinflammatory agents. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2019; 38:4655-4668. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2019.1684368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seda Savranoglu Kulabas
- Graduate Program of Biomolecular Sciences, Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey
| | - Ferah Comert Onder
- Natural Products and Drug Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Art, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey
| | - Yakup Berkay Yılmaz
- Graduate Program of Biomolecular Sciences, Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey
| | - Adem Ozleyen
- Graduate Program of Biomolecular Sciences, Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey
| | - Serdar Durdagi
- Computational Biology and Molecular Simulations Laboratory, Department of Biophysics, School of Medicine, Bahçeşehir University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Kader Sahin
- Computational Biology and Molecular Simulations Laboratory, Department of Biophysics, School of Medicine, Bahçeşehir University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Ay
- Natural Products and Drug Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Art, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey
| | - Tugba Boyunegmez Tumer
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science and Art, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey
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14
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Rengasamy KR, Khan H, Gowrishankar S, Lagoa RJ, Mahomoodally FM, Khan Z, Suroowan S, Tewari D, Zengin G, Hassan ST, Pandian SK. The role of flavonoids in autoimmune diseases: Therapeutic updates. Pharmacol Ther 2019; 194:107-131. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2018.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Heme Oxygenase 1 in the Nervous System: Does It Favor Neuronal Cell Survival or Induce Neurodegeneration? Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19082260. [PMID: 30071692 PMCID: PMC6121636 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) up-regulation is recognized as a pivotal mechanism of cell adaptation to stress. Under control of different transcription factors but with a prominent role played by Nrf2, HO-1 induction is crucial also in nervous system response to damage. However, several lines of evidence have highlighted that HO-1 expression is associated to neuronal damage and neurodegeneration especially in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases. In this review, we summarize the current literature regarding the role of HO-1 in nervous system pointing out different molecular mechanisms possibly responsible for HO-1 up-regulation in nervous system homeostasis and neurodegeneration.
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Mechanisms of dietary flavonoid action in neuronal function and neuroinflammation. Mol Aspects Med 2017; 61:50-62. [PMID: 29117513 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2017.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Flavonoids are a class of plant-derived dietary polyphenols that have attracted attention for their pro-cognitive and anti-inflammatory effects. The diversity of flavonoids and their extensive in vivo metabolism suggest that a variety of cellular targets in the brain are likely to be impacted by flavonoid consumption. Initially characterized as antioxidants, flavonoids are now believed to act directly on neurons and glia via the interaction with major signal transduction cascades, as well as indirectly via interaction with the blood-brain barrier and cerebral vasculature. This review discusses potential mechanisms of flavonoid action in the brain, with a focus on two critical transcription factors: cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB). To advance beyond current understanding of cellular targets, critical bioavailability studies need to be performed to verify the identity and concentration of flavonoid metabolites reaching the brain after ingestion and to validate that these metabolites are produced not just in rodent models but also in humans. Recent advances in human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) differentiation protocols to generate human neuronal and glial cell types could also provide a unique tool for clinically relevant in vitro investigation of the mechanisms of action of bioavailable flavonoid metabolites in humans.
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17
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Wang JL, Chen Y, Song XQ, Lu ML, Zhao B, Ma L, Chen EZ, Mao EQ. Biliary tract external drainage protects against multiple organs injuries of severe acute pancreatitis rats via heme oxygenase-1 upregulation. Pancreatology 2017; 17:219-227. [PMID: 28209258 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2017.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 12/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of biliary tract external drainage (BTED) on severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) in rats and the relationship with heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) pathway. METHODS Thirty SD rats weighing 250-300 g were randomly assigned into five groups (n = 6): sham surgery (SS) group, SAP group, SAP + BTED group, SAP + zinc protoporphyrin IX (ZnPP) group, SAP + BTED + ZnPP group. The SAP model was induced via retrograde injection of 4% sodium taurocholate (1 mL/kg) into biliopancreatic duct through duodenal wall. BTED was performed by inserting a cannula into the bile duct of SAP rats. Tissue and blood samples were collected 24 h after surgery. Pathological changes in organs were scored. The level of amylase, alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), diamine oxidase (DAO), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), myeloperoxidase (MPO) and ability to inhibit hydroxyl radical(·OH) in serum were measured. The expression of hemeoxygenase-1 (HO-1), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in tissues were analyzed by RT- PCR and western-blot. RESULTS Organs damage in SAP rats was significantly alleviated by BTED (p < 0.05). Compared to the SAP group, the serum level of amylase, ALT, AST, DAO, MPO, and LPS were significantly lower in the SAP + BTED group, and the ability to inhibit ·OH was significantly higher (p < 0.05). The BETD treatment led to a significant reduction of TNF-α, IL-6 level and a significant increase of HO-1 level in tissues than in SAP rats (p < 0.05). ZnPP significantly inhibited all above mentioned changes. CONCLUSIONS BTED protected multiple organs against SAP related injuries via HO-1 upregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Long Wang
- Department of Emergency Intensive Care Unit, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Emergency Intensive Care Unit, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Xiao-Qing Song
- Department of Emergency Intensive Care Unit, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Mei-Ling Lu
- Department of Emergency Intensive Care Unit, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Bing Zhao
- Department of Emergency Intensive Care Unit, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Li Ma
- Department of Emergency Intensive Care Unit, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Er-Zhen Chen
- Department of Emergency Intensive Care Unit, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - En-Qiang Mao
- Department of Emergency Intensive Care Unit, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
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18
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Mossakowski AA, Pohlan J, Bremer D, Lindquist R, Millward JM, Bock M, Pollok K, Mothes R, Viohl L, Radbruch M, Gerhard J, Bellmann-Strobl J, Behrens J, Infante-Duarte C, Mähler A, Boschmann M, Rinnenthal JL, Füchtemeier M, Herz J, Pache FC, Bardua M, Priller J, Hauser AE, Paul F, Niesner R, Radbruch H. Tracking CNS and systemic sources of oxidative stress during the course of chronic neuroinflammation. Acta Neuropathol 2015; 130:799-814. [PMID: 26521072 PMCID: PMC4654749 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-015-1497-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Revised: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The functional dynamics and cellular sources of oxidative stress are central to understanding MS pathogenesis but remain elusive, due to the lack of appropriate detection methods. Here we employ NAD(P)H fluorescence lifetime imaging to detect functional NADPH oxidases (NOX enzymes) in vivo to identify inflammatory monocytes, activated microglia, and astrocytes expressing NOX1 as major cellular sources of oxidative stress in the central nervous system of mice affected by experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). This directly affects neuronal function in vivo, indicated by sustained elevated neuronal calcium. The systemic involvement of oxidative stress is mirrored by overactivation of NOX enzymes in peripheral CD11b+ cells in later phases of both MS and EAE. This effect is antagonized by systemic intake of the NOX inhibitor and anti-oxidant epigallocatechin-3-gallate. Together, this persistent hyper-activation of oxidative enzymes suggests an “oxidative stress memory” both in the periphery and CNS compartments, in chronic neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata A Mossakowski
- German Rheumatism Research Center, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Neurology, NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Clinical and Experimental Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Institut für Neuropathologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Julian Pohlan
- German Rheumatism Research Center, Berlin, Germany
- Institut für Neuropathologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Intravital Imaging and Immune Dynamics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | - Jason M Millward
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus Bock
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Karolin Pollok
- Institut für Neuropathologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Intravital Imaging and Immune Dynamics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ronja Mothes
- Institut für Neuropathologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Intravital Imaging and Immune Dynamics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Leonard Viohl
- Institut für Neuropathologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Intravital Imaging and Immune Dynamics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Moritz Radbruch
- German Rheumatism Research Center, Berlin, Germany
- Institut für Neuropathologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Judith Bellmann-Strobl
- Department of Neurology, NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Clinical and Experimental Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Janina Behrens
- Department of Neurology, NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Clinical and Experimental Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Carmen Infante-Duarte
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anja Mähler
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Boschmann
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jan Leo Rinnenthal
- Institut für Neuropathologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Josephine Herz
- Department of Paediatrics I, Neonatology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, 45122, Germany
| | - Florence C Pache
- German Rheumatism Research Center, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Neurology, NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Clinical and Experimental Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Intravital Imaging and Immune Dynamics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Josef Priller
- Department of Neuropsychiatry and Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Cluster of Excellence NeuroCure and BIH, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anja E Hauser
- German Rheumatism Research Center, Berlin, Germany
- Intravital Imaging and Immune Dynamics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Friedemann Paul
- Department of Neurology, NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Clinical and Experimental Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Helena Radbruch
- Institut für Neuropathologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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Wang L, Zhao B, Chen Y, Ma L, Chen EZ, Mao EQ. Biliary tract external drainage increases the expression levels of heme oxygenase-1 in rat livers. Eur J Med Res 2015. [PMID: 26199001 PMCID: PMC4511237 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-015-0152-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) protects cells by anti-oxidation, maintaining normal microcirculation and anti-inflammatory under stress. This study investigated the effects of biliary tract external drainage (BTED) on the expression levels of HO-1 in rat livers. Methods Biliary tract external drainage was performed by inserting a cannula into the bile duct. Sixty Sprague–Dawley rats were randomized to the following groups: sham 1 h group; BTED 1 h group; bile duct ligation (BDL) 1 h group; sham 6 h group and BTED 6 h group. The expression levels of HO-1 mRNA were analyzed using real-time RT-PCR. The expression levels of HO-1 were analyzed using immunohistochemistry. Results The expression levels of HO-1 mRNA in the liver of the BTED group increased significantly compared with the sham group 1 and 6 h after surgery (p < 0.05).The expression levels of HO-1 in the BTED group increased significantly compared with the sham group 1 and 6 h after surgery. The expression levels of HO-1 mRNA in the liver in the BDL group decreased significantly compared with the sham group 1 h after surgery (p < 0.05).The expression levels of HO-1 in the BDL group decreased significantly compared with the sham group at this time. Conclusion Biliary tract external drainages increase the expression levels of HO-1 in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- Department of Emergency Intensive Care Unit, Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Bing Zhao
- Department of Emergency Intensive Care Unit, Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Emergency Intensive Care Unit, Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Li Ma
- Department of Emergency Intensive Care Unit, Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Er-Zhen Chen
- Department of Emergency Intensive Care Unit, Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - En-Qiang Mao
- Department of Emergency Intensive Care Unit, Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200025, China.
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