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Xia T, Li J, Chen L. Association of Occupational and Leisure-Time Physical Activity With Allostatic Load. Am J Prev Med 2024; 67:328-338. [PMID: 38648906 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2024.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Leisure-time physical activity decreases allostatic load, a measure of burden of chronic stress. However, the role of occupational physical activity is unknown. This study examined associations of occupational physical activity and leisure-time physical activity with allostatic load among workers in the U.S. METHODS This cross-sectional study included 6,944 U.S. workers aged 20-64 years from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2007-2018). Physical activity was assessed using the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire. Allostatic load was calculated using biomarkers of cardiovascular, metabolic, and immune systems. Associations of occupational physical activity and leisure-time physical activity with allostatic load were examined using negative binomial regressions. Analyses were conducted between August 2022 and March 2023. RESULTS Vigorous leisure-time physical activity inversely associated with allostatic load among all workers (count ratio=0.68, 95% CI=0.62, 0.76) and in each sex- and age-stratified group as well as in each race/ethnicity-stratified group. Vigorous occupational physical activity positively associated with allostatic load only among females aged 20-44 years (1.38, 95% CI=1.10, 1.73). Inverse associations of vigorous leisure-time physical activity with allostatic load were similar in young females with high or low vigorous occupational physical activity. CONCLUSIONS Increasing vigorous leisure-time physical activity associates with a lower allostatic load for all workers, whereas increasing vigorous occupational physical activity associates with a higher allostatic load only in young females. Promoting vigorous leisure-time physical activity reduces allostatic load among young females with either low or high vigorous occupational physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Xia
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; School of Nursing, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Liwei Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.
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Kujawska A, Kujawski S, Dani M, Miglis MG, Hallman DM, Fudim M, Soysal P, Husejko J, Hajec W, Skierkowska-Kruszyńska N, Kwiatkowska M, Newton JL, Zalewski P, Kędziora-Kornatowska K. Prospective association of occupational and leisure-time physical activity with orthostatic blood pressure changes in older adults. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20704. [PMID: 38001151 PMCID: PMC10673924 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46947-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Orthostatic hypotension (OH) is common in older people. We examined the influence of self-reported occupational-related physical activity (PA) and leisure-time physical exercise (PE) on orthostatic response in a sample of older people over a 2 year period. Supine and orthostatic systolic blood pressure (sBP), diastolic blood pressure (dBP), and mean blood pressure (mBP) were assessed in response to Active Stand (AS) test in 205 older subjects (> 60 years old) at baseline and 2-year follow-up. OH was found in 24 subjects (11.71%) at baseline and 20 subjects (9.76%) after 2 years, with a significant degree of variability in the occurrence of OH after 2 years. Twenty-two subjects who had OH at baseline were free of it after 2 years, two subjects had persistent OH at baseline and after 2 years. After 2 years, adults with occupational PA showed no significant decrease of blood pressure in response to AS test, while lack of undertaking an occupation-related PA was significantly related with a greater decrease in sBP and mBP in response to AS testing in the 1st min. Occupation-related PA and leisure-time-related PE were related to an increase in the response of BP on AS in change between baseline and after 2 years. High between-subjects variance in OH over 2 years was noted. Occupations that involved continuous physical activity and leisure-time physical exercise in middle age were both protective for BP decline on orthostatic stress test within 2 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Kujawska
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Functional Anatomy, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Świętojańska 20, 85-077, Bydgoszcz, Kujawsko-Pomorskie, Poland
| | - Sławomir Kujawski
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Functional Anatomy, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Świętojańska 20, 85-077, Bydgoszcz, Kujawsko-Pomorskie, Poland.
| | - Melanie Dani
- Cutrale Peri-operative and Ageing Group, Imperial College London, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Mitchell G Miglis
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - David M Hallman
- Department of Occupational Health Science and Psychology, University of Gävle, Gävle, Sweden
| | - Marat Fudim
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC, USA
- Institute of Heart Diseases, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Pinar Soysal
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Jakub Husejko
- Department of Geriatrics, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-094, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Weronika Hajec
- Department of Basic Clinical Skills and Postgraduate Education of Nurses and Midwives, Faculty of Health Sciences, Collegium Medicum im. L. Rydygier in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, 85-094, Bydgoszcz, Poland
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Professor Franciszek Łukaszczyk Oncology Center, 85-796, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Natalia Skierkowska-Kruszyńska
- Department of Geriatrics, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-094, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Kwiatkowska
- Department of Geriatrics, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-094, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Julia L Newton
- Population Health Sciences Institute, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, NE2 4AX, UK
| | - Paweł Zalewski
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Functional Anatomy, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Świętojańska 20, 85-077, Bydgoszcz, Kujawsko-Pomorskie, Poland
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Warsaw Medical University, 1B Banacha Street, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kornelia Kędziora-Kornatowska
- Department of Geriatrics, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-094, Bydgoszcz, Poland
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Quinn TD, Lane A, Gabriel KP, Sternfeld B, Jacobs DR, Smith P, Gibbs BB. Thirteen-Year Associations of Occupational and Leisure-Time Physical Activity with Cardiorespiratory Fitness in CARDIA. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2023; 55:2025-2034. [PMID: 37343382 PMCID: PMC10592558 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000003237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Differential effects on fitness are hypothesized to contribute to the opposing health effects of leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) and occupational physical activity (OPA). As such, this study examined cross-sectional and longitudinal associations of fitness with LTPA and OPA. METHODS This study examined fitness associations with LTPA and OPA across 13 yr in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults study (years 7 (baseline), 10, 15, and 20 (follow-up) examinations). Fitness was measured at baseline and follow-up via symptom-limited maximal graded exercise test (GXT) duration (in seconds), whereas LTPA and OPA were self-reported during each examination. Baseline and follow-up cross-sectional associations of LTPA (low, medium, high) and OPA (0, 1-6, and ≥6 months with OPA) with fitness were examined using linear regression. Longitudinal linear regression examined associations between 13-yr LTPA (low, medium, or high) and OPA (no, decreasing, or increasing) trajectories with fitness at follow-up, adjusted for baseline values. All models adjusted for center, sex, race, age, education, smoking history, alcohol intake, resting blood pressure, diabetes status, and body mass index. Stratified analyses examined associations by sex (female/male), race (Black/White), and LTPA groups. RESULTS Compared with low, medium, and high LTPA were positively associated with fitness in all analyses ( P < 0.001). Reporting 1-6 or ≥6 months with OPA was negatively associated with fitness in cross-sectional follow-up models ( β = -15.6 and -15.4, respectively; P ≤ 0.01). Longitudinally, those with increasing OPA had lower follow-up fitness compared with no OPA ( β = -16.41, P < 0.01). Negative associations of OPA with fitness were not meaningfully different across sex and race groups. Significant LTPA-OPA interactions were observed ( P < 001). CONCLUSIONS Physical activity research and public health promotion should consider domain-specific associations on cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler D. Quinn
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, West Virginia University School of Public Health, Morgantown, WV
| | - Abbi Lane
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
| | | | - Barbara Sternfeld
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA
| | - David R. Jacobs
- Mayo Professor of Public Health, Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Peter Smith
- Institute for Work and Health, Toronto, Ontario, CANADA
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, CANADA
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, AUSTRALIA
| | - Bethany Barone Gibbs
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, West Virginia University School of Public Health, Morgantown, WV
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Stevens CJ, Liao Y, Chen M, Heredia NI, Arem H, Sukumar J, Joffe L, Schmitz KH, Mama SK. Linking social and built environmental factors to leisure-time physical activity in rural cancer survivors. J Natl Cancer Inst Monogr 2023; 2023:125-132. [PMID: 37139981 PMCID: PMC10157784 DOI: 10.1093/jncimonographs/lgad004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study explored associations between social and built environmental factors and leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) in rural cancer survivors (RCS) and whether these associations differed by exercise stage of change (SOC). METHOD RCS (n = 219) completed questionnaires assessing LTPA, SOC, and social (social status, connectedness, support) and environmental (home environment, neighborhood environment) factors. Linear regression models examined associations between social and built environmental factors and LTPA and tested for moderation by SOC. RESULTS Half (50.7%) of RCS were physically active, and 49.3% were not active. Social factors positively associated with LTPA included subjective social status in the community (B = 89.0, P = .014) and in the United States (B = 181.3, P < .001), social connectedness (B = 122.3, P = .024), and social support for physical activity from family (B = 41.9, P < .001) and friends (B = 44.3, P < .001). Environmental factors positively associated with LTPA included the home environment (B = 111.2, P < .001), perceived environmental support for PA (B = 355.4, P = .004), and neighborhood attributes, including bicycling infrastructure (B = 191.3, P = .003), proximity to recreation facilities (B = 140.1, P = .021), traffic safety (B = 184.5, P = .025), and aesthetics (B = 342.6, P < .001). SOC statistically significantly moderated the association between social status in the United States and LTPA (B = 160.3, P = .031). CONCLUSIONS Social and built environmental factors were consistently linked with LTPA and provide context for multilevel interventions promoting LTPA in RCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney J Stevens
- Department of Psychiatry, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA
- Cancer Population Sciences, Dartmouth Cancer Center, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Yue Liao
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA
| | - Minxing Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Natalia I Heredia
- Department of Health Promotion and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hannah Arem
- Healthcare Delivery Research Program, Medstar Health Research Institute, Washington, DC, USA
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Jasmine Sukumar
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lenat Joffe
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Cohen Children’s Medical Center, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, New Hyde Park, NY, USA
| | - Kathryn H Schmitz
- Hillman Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Scherezade K Mama
- Department of Health Disparities Research, Division of Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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Grabara M. The association between physical activity and musculoskeletal disorders-a cross-sectional study of teachers. PeerJ 2023; 11:e14872. [PMID: 36852223 PMCID: PMC9961098 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Combined with insufficient physical activity (PA) prolonged and improperly performed sedentary work can lead to musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). The aim of this study was (I) to evaluate the self-reported level of PA and the prevalence of MSDs in male and female teachers, and (II) to investigate the association between PA and MSDs in teachers in Polish primary and secondary schools. Methods The study included 254 teachers from primary and secondary schools from Upper Silesia, Poland, excluding physical education teachers. The level of PA was assessed using the Seven-Day Physical Activity Recall (SDPAR). A standardized Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ) was used to assess the prevalence of MSDs. Results A similar percentage of female (80%) and male (90%) teachers met the WHO recommendations on moderate-intensity PA. The recommendations on performing vigorous-intensity PA were met by significantly (p = 0.002) less female than male teachers (50% and 75% respectively). Lower back disorders during the last 12 months and the last 7 days (57% and 45%, respectively) were the most commonly reported MSDs by teachers, followed by neck (53%, 40%), upper back (39%, 28%), and knee disorders (37%, 26%). The highest pain intensity was experienced by the teachers in the lower back and neck. Teachers with a greater number of MSDs were less likely to engage in vigorous-intensity PA and total PA than those with fewer painful areas of the body. Pain intensity in the neck, knees, upper- and lower back, and wrists/hands was negatively related to moderate and total PA. BMI negatively correlated with total PA, moderate-intensity PA vigorous-intensity PA, and high vigorous-intensity PA. Conclusions The study revealed the association between PA and MSDs in studied teachers. The most of the studied teachers met the WHO recommendation, and women were less likely to perform vigorous and high-vigorous PA than men. The lower back and neck disorders were the most common among the teachers.
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Mänttäri S, Säynäjäkangas P, Selander K, Laitinen J. Increased physical workload in home care service is associated with reduced recovery from work. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2023; 96:651-660. [PMID: 36808567 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-023-01960-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated the physical workload of home care service workers and determined whether the different intensities of physical work strain experienced by home care nurses have different impacts on their recovery from work. METHODS Physical workload and recovery were measured among 95 home care nurses based on heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) recordings during one work shift and the following night. Differences in the physical work strain were compared between younger (≤ 44-year-old) and older (≥ 45-year-old) employees and between morning and evening shifts. To determine the effects of occupational physical activity on recovery, HRV at all time points (during the workday, when awake and asleep, and whole measurement) in relation to the amount of occupational physical activity was examined. RESULTS The average physiological strain during the work shift, measured as metabolic equivalent (MET), was 1.8 ± 0.5. Moreover, the occupational physical demands in relation to maximal capacity were higher for the older employees. The results of the study showed that a higher occupational physical workload reduced the HRV of home care workers during the workday, leisure time, and sleep. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that increased occupational physical workload is associated with reduced recovery among home care workers. Therefore, decreasing occupational strain and ensuring sufficient recovery is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satu Mänttäri
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Oulu, Finland.
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Janssen TI, Voelcker-Rehage C. Leisure-time physical activity, occupational physical activity and the physical activity paradox in healthcare workers: A systematic overview of the literature. Int J Nurs Stud 2023; 141:104470. [PMID: 36966711 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2023.104470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical activity positively influences cardiovascular health. Results from male-dominated physically active occupations suggest that a high level of occupational physical activity may be detrimental to cardiovascular health. This observation is referred to as the physical activity paradox. Whether this phenomenon can also be observed in female-dominated occupations remains unknown. OBJECTIVE We aimed to provide an overview of (1) leisure-time and occupational physical activity in healthcare workers. Therefore, we reviewed studies (2) to assess the relationship between the two physical activity domains and analyzed (3) their effects on cardiovascular health outcomes in relation to the paradox. METHODS Five databases (CINAHAL, PubMed, Scopus, Sportdiscus, Web of Science) were systematically searched. Both authors independently screened the titles, abstracts, and full texts and assessed the quality of the studies using the National Institutes of Health's quality assessment tool for observational cohort and cross-sectional studies. All studies that assessed leisure-time and occupational physical activity in healthcare workers were included. The two authors independently rated the risk of bias using the ROBINS-E tool. The body of evidence was evaluated using the GRADE approach. RESULTS The review included 17 studies that assessed the leisure-time and occupational physical activity of people working in healthcare, determined the relationship between the domains (n = 7) and/or examined their effects on the cardiovascular system (n = 5). Measurements for leisure-time and occupational physical activity varied between studies. Leisure-time physical activity typically ranged between low and high intensity, with a short duration (approx. 0.8-1.5 h). Occupational physical activity was typically performed at light to moderate intensity with a very long duration (approx. 0.5-3 h). Moreover, leisure-time and occupational physical activity were almost negatively related. The few studies investigating effects on cardiovascular parameters revealed a rather unfavorable effect of occupational physical activity, while leisure-time physical activity was beneficial. The study quality was rated as fair and the risk of bias was moderate to high. The body of evidence was low. CONCLUSIONS This review confirmed that leisure-time and occupational physical activity of healthcare workers are opposed in their duration and intensity. Moreover, leisure-time and occupational physical activity seem to be negatively related and should be analyzed according to their relation to each other in specific occupations. Furthermore, results support the relationship between the paradox and cardiovascular parameters. REGISTRATION Preregistered on PROSPERO (CRD42021254572). Date of registration on PROSPERO: 19 May 2021. TWEETABLE ABSTRACT Does occupational physical activity adversely affect the cardiovascular health of healthcare workers in comparison to leisure-time physical activity?
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja I Janssen
- Neuromotor Behavior and Exercise, Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Münster, Wilhelm-Schickard-Straße 8, 48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Claudia Voelcker-Rehage
- Neuromotor Behavior and Exercise, Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Münster, Wilhelm-Schickard-Straße 8, 48149 Münster, Germany.
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Marruganti C, Baima G, Grandini S, Graziani F, Aimetti M, Sanz M, Romandini M. Leisure-time and occupational physical activity demonstrate divergent associations with periodontitis: A population-based study. J Clin Periodontol 2023; 50:559-570. [PMID: 36592958 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the association between leisure-time/occupational physical activity (LTPA/OPA) and periodontitis in a nationally representative sample of the U.S. POPULATION MATERIALS AND METHODS Data from 10,679 adults were retrieved from NHANES 2009-2014 database. Physical activity was assessed through the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire, and accordingly, subjects were classified as performing either high or low LTPA/OPA. Periodontal status was assessed through a full-mouth periodontal examination, and subjects were classified according to the AAP/CDC criteria (no, mild, moderate, or severe periodontitis). Simple and multiple regression analyses were applied to study the association between LTPA/OPA and periodontitis/severe periodontitis. RESULTS Multiple regression analyses identified high LTPA as a protective indicator for periodontitis (odds ratio [OR] = 0.81; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.72-0.92), while high OPA was found to be a significant risk indicator (OR = 1.16; 95% CI: 1.04-1.30). The combination low LTPA/high OPA showed a cumulative independent association with periodontitis (OR = 1.47; 95% CI: 1.26-1.72). Moreover, both high LTPA (OR = 0.72; 95% CI: 0.58-0.90) and high OPA (OR = 1.29; 95% CI: 1.09-1.53) were significantly associated with stronger estimates of severe periodontitis; the same was observed for the combination of low LTPA/high OPA (OR = 1.66; 95% CI: 1.29-2.15). CONCLUSIONS LTPA and OPA showed divergent associations with periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crystal Marruganti
- Unit of Periodontology, Endodontology and Restorative Dentistry, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.,Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Sub-Unit of Periodontology, Halitosis and Periodontal Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giacomo Baima
- Department of Surgical Sciences, C.I.R. Dental School, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,Polytechnic of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Simone Grandini
- Unit of Periodontology, Endodontology and Restorative Dentistry, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Filippo Graziani
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Sub-Unit of Periodontology, Halitosis and Periodontal Medicine, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Mario Aimetti
- Department of Surgical Sciences, C.I.R. Dental School, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Mariano Sanz
- Faculty of Odontology, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mario Romandini
- Faculty of Odontology, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain
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Zhang Y, El Ghaziri M, de Castillero ER. Synergistic effect of self-efficacy and social support on regular participation in leisure-time physical activity among nursing staff. Int J Nurs Pract 2022; 29:e13087. [PMID: 35929046 DOI: 10.1111/ijn.13087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This exploratory study, using mixed methods research, aimed to (1) examine the associations among self-efficacy, social support and regular leisure-time physical activity of nursing staff, and (2) identify motivators and barriers to leisure-time physical activity. BACKGROUND It is important to engage nursing staff in regular leisure-time physical activity as a countermeasure against high occupational stress and poor health. Limited research has examined nursing staff's participation in leisure-time physical activity and associated factors. METHODS Nursing staff employed at a community hospital in the northeastern United States were invited to participate in this cross-sectional survey with close- and open-ended questions in March 2016. RESULTS A total of 363 nurses and nursing assistants responded, among whom, 59.8% reported regular leisure-time physical activity. Poisson regression models suggested that self-efficacy and social support had an interactive association with increased prevalence of regular leisure-time physical activity. CONCLUSION Self-efficacy and social support have an important synergistic association with regular leisure-time physical activity of nursing staff. Effective interventions intending to facilitate nursing staff's leisure-time physical activity should consider improving their self-efficacy and social support. Qualitative comments suggested that work-out areas in the workplace with release time and organized activity may promote regular leisure-time physical activity of nursing staff.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhang
- Solomont School of Nursing, Zuckerberg College of Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mazen El Ghaziri
- Solomont School of Nursing, Zuckerberg College of Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Elizabeth Ronan de Castillero
- Division of Patient Care Services, Nursing Education Department, Lowell General Hospital, Lowell, Massachusetts, USA
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Svensson S, Hallman DM, Mathiassen S, Heiden M, Fagerström A, Mutiganda JC, Bergström G. Flexible Work: Opportunity and Challenge (FLOC) for individual, social and economic sustainability. Protocol for a prospective cohort study of non-standard employment and flexible work arrangements in Sweden. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e057409. [PMID: 35820754 PMCID: PMC9274509 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-057409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Flexibility in working life, including non-standard employment (NSE) and flexible work arrangements (FWAs), offers the organisation a better ability to adapt to changing conditions while also posing considerable challenges for organisations as well as workers. The aim of the Flexible Work: Opportunity and Challenge (FLOC) study is to investigate associations between NSE and FWA on the one hand, and individual, social and economic sustainability on the other. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This prospective open cohort study targets approximately 8000 workers 18-65 years old in 8-10 public and private organisations in Sweden. We will use a comprehensive battery of measurement methods addressing financial performance, physical and psychosocial exposures, and physical and mental health, both at the organisational and the individual level. Methods include valid survey questionnaires and register data, and, in subpopulations, technical measurements, interviews and diaries. Main exposures are type of employment and type of work arrangement. Main outcomes are indicators of social and economic sustainability and, at the individual level, health and well-being. Data, collected over 54 months at approximately 18-month intervals, will be analysed using multivariate methods considering main effects as well as potential effect modifiers. The analyses will take into account that respondents are nested in organisations, divisions and/or have specific managers. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION FLOC is approved by the Swedish Ethical Review Authority (decision numbers 2019-06220, 2020-06094 and 2021-02725). Data will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at international conferences, and researchers will assist the organisations in improving policies and routines for employment and organisation of work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Svensson
- Department of Occupational Health Science and Psychology, University of Gävle, Gavle, Sweden
| | - David M Hallman
- Department of Occupational Health Science and Psychology, University of Gävle, Gavle, Sweden
| | - SvendErik Mathiassen
- Department of Occupational Health Science and Psychology, University of Gävle, Gavle, Sweden
| | - Marina Heiden
- Department of Occupational Health Science and Psychology, University of Gävle, Gavle, Sweden
| | - Arne Fagerström
- Faculty of Education and Business Studies, University of Gävle, Gavle, Sweden
| | | | - Gunnar Bergström
- Department of Occupational Health Science and Psychology, University of Gävle, Gavle, Sweden
- Unit of Intervention and Implementation Research for Worker Health, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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11
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García-Mayor J, Gouveia ÉR, Marques A, De la Cruz-Sánchez E, Moreno-Llamas A, França C, Gouveia BR, Ihle A. Exploring the Role of Physical Activity in Mediating the Association between Educational Level and Health-Related Quality of Life in an Adult Lifespan Sample from Madeira Island. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19137608. [PMID: 35805268 PMCID: PMC9265542 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19137608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background: People more socioeconomically vulnerable tend to have a poorer health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Studies are trying to analyse the factors that may condition this relationship, including physical activity (PA), which may influence the relationship between socioeconomic status (SES) and HRQoL. This study aimed to analyse the relationship between SES and HRQoL through specific domains of PA. Methods: A total of 381 adults (≥18 years) from the Autonomous Region of Madeira completed the measurements. Mediation analyses using bootstrapping methods adjusted for confounding variables were performed to relate SES and HRQoL; the latter was evaluated using the physical component score (PCS) of the SF-12, the mental component score (MCS) of the SF-12, and the total score in the SF-12 questionnaire (SF-12 score), through physical activity. Results: Educational level was positively related to PCS and SF-12 score. Leisure-time PA (not including sports PA) and PA at work, as single mediating variables, did not mediate the relationship between SES and HRQoL. The total PA suppressed the socioeconomic gradient of HRQoL by 8–10%, 39–46%, and 15–16%, respectively, for the PCS, MCS, and the SF-12 score; sports PA mediated the relationship by 13–16%, 50%, and 15–21%, respectively. Conclusions: The results suggest that sports PA contributes to reducing the socioeconomic gradient of HRQoL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús García-Mayor
- Public Health and Epidemiology Research Group, San Javier Campus, University of Murcia, 30720 San Javier, Spain; (J.G.-M.); (E.D.l.C.-S.); (A.M.-L.)
| | - Élvio Rúbio Gouveia
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, University of Madeira, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal;
- LARSYS, Interactive Technologies Institute, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal;
- Center for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerability, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-291-705-313 (ext. 5313)
| | - Adilson Marques
- Interdisciplinary Centre for the Study of Human Performance (CIPER), Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Lisbon, 1499-002 Lisbon, Portugal;
- Instituto de Saúde Ambiental (ISAMB), University of Lisbon, 1649-020 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ernesto De la Cruz-Sánchez
- Public Health and Epidemiology Research Group, San Javier Campus, University of Murcia, 30720 San Javier, Spain; (J.G.-M.); (E.D.l.C.-S.); (A.M.-L.)
| | - Antonio Moreno-Llamas
- Public Health and Epidemiology Research Group, San Javier Campus, University of Murcia, 30720 San Javier, Spain; (J.G.-M.); (E.D.l.C.-S.); (A.M.-L.)
| | - Cíntia França
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, University of Madeira, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal;
- LARSYS, Interactive Technologies Institute, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal;
| | - Bruna R. Gouveia
- LARSYS, Interactive Technologies Institute, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal;
- Center for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerability, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland;
- Regional Directorate of Health, Secretary of Health of the Autonomous Region of Madeira, 9004-515 Funchal, Portugal
- Saint Joseph of Cluny Higher School of Nursing, 9050-535 Funchal, Portugal
| | - Andreas Ihle
- Center for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerability, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland;
- Department of Psychology, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
- Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research LIVES—Overcoming Vulnerability: Life Course Perspectives, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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12
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Gupta N, Rasmussen CL, Hartvigsen J, Mortensen OS, Clays E, Bültmann U, Holtermann A. Physical Activity Advice for Prevention and Rehabilitation of Low Back Pain- Same or Different? A Study on Device-Measured Physical Activity and Register-Based Sickness Absence. JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL REHABILITATION 2022; 32:284-294. [PMID: 34626301 PMCID: PMC9232440 DOI: 10.1007/s10926-021-10005-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Purpose We lack knowledge on whether the advice of "being physically active" should be the same for prevention and rehabilitation of low back pain (LBP). Sickness absence is a key outcome for LBP prevention and rehabilitation. We investigated the associations between physical activity and long-term sickness absence (LTSA) among employees with and without LBP. Methods Between 2011 and 2013, 925 Danish employees wore a Actigraph GTX3 accelerometer for 1-5 workdays to measure physical activity and reported LBP in past 7 days. Employees were followed for 4 years to determine their first register-based LTSA event (≥ 6 consecutive weeks). Results Among employees with LBP, increasing moderate-to-vigorous-intensity physical activity at work by 20 min and decreasing the remaining behaviors at work (ie., sitting, standing and light-intensity activity) by 20 min was associated with 38% (95% CI 17%; 63%) higher LTSA risk. Increasing light-intensity activity at work by 20 min and decreasing 20 min from the remaining behaviors was associated with 18% (95% CI 4%; 30%) lower risk. During leisure, increasing moderate-to-vigorous-intensity activity by 20 min or standing by 40 min was associated with 26% (95% CI 3%; 43%) lower and 37% (95% CI 0%; 87%) higher risk, respectively. Among employees without LBP, we found no such associations. Conclusions The physical activity advice ought to be different for LBP prevention and rehabilitation to reduce LTSA risk, and specified by domain and activity intensity. At work, employees with LBP should be advised to spend time on light-intensity physical activity and limit their time on moderate-to-vigorous-intensity physical activity. During leisure, employees should spend time on moderate-to-vigorous-intensity physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Gupta
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lerso Parkalle 105, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Charlotte Lund Rasmussen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lerso Parkalle 105, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jan Hartvigsen
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Chiropractic Knowledge Hub, Odense, Denmark
| | - Ole Steen Mortensen
- Department of Occupational- and Social Medicine, Holbæk Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Holbæk, Denmark
| | - Els Clays
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ute Bültmann
- Department of Health Sciences, Community and Occupational Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Andreas Holtermann
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lerso Parkalle 105, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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13
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Alansare AB, Gibbs BB, Catov JM, Jennings JR, Kline CE, Nagle E, Holzman C. Association of Physical Activity and Sedentary Time with Cardio-Autonomic Regulation in Women. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2022; 31:600-608. [PMID: 34648723 PMCID: PMC9063150 DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2021.0243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Low moderate-to-vigorous-intensity physical activity (MVPA) and high sedentary time (ST) may contribute to cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in women, perhaps via cardiac autonomic dysregulation. We examined associations of total, leisure, and occupational MVPA and ST with cardiac autonomic regulation in women. Methods: Data were from 522 women (age = 37.7 ± 5.7 years; 59%white) who participated in the follow-up study of the Pregnancy Outcomes and Community Health Study (between 2011 and 2014). MVPA and ST (hours/day) were self-reported using the Modifiable Activity Questionnaire. Cardiac autonomic regulation was assessed by calculating heart rate variability (HRV) indices (resting heart rate, natural logarithm standard deviation of normal R-R intervals; lnSDNN [total variability], natural logarithm root mean square of the successive differences; lnRMSSD [cardiac parasympathetic activity]) with Kubios software from a 5-minute, seated electrocardiogram. Progressive generalized linear models evaluated associations of total, leisure, and occupational MVPA and ST with HRV indices while adjusting for confounders (demographics, health-related factors), and then potential mediators (clinical variables). A final model evaluated the relationship between ST and HRV stratified by MVPA level. Results: Adjusting for confounders, total and leisure MVPA were associated with favorable lnSDNN (B = 0.027 [p = 0.014] and B = 0.074 [p = 0.009], respectively) and lnRMSSD (B = 0.036 [p = 0.015] and B = 0.075 [p = 0.043], respectively). Adjustment for mediators tended to strengthen the observed significant associations. No associations were found between occupational MVPA or any ST measure with HRV indices (p > 0.05). Neither MVPA nor ST were associated with heart rate. When stratified by MVPA level, leisure ST was associated with unfavorable lnRMSSD (B = -0.041, [p = 0.042]) only among women who did not meet leisure MVPA recommendations. Conclusion: Cardiac autonomic dysregulation may be a mechanism through which low leisure MVPA and, among low-active women, high leisure ST contribute to CVD risk among women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Bandar Alansare
- Department of Exercise Physiology, College of Sport Sciences and Physical Activity, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bethany Barone Gibbs
- Department of Health and Human Development, School of Education, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Janet M. Catov
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences and University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - J. Richard Jennings
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Christopher E. Kline
- Department of Health and Human Development, School of Education, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Elizabeth Nagle
- Department of Health and Human Development, School of Education, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Claudia Holzman
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
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14
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Yu F, Cavadino A, Mackay L, Ward K, King A, Smith M. A cluster analysis of physical activity profiles and resilience in intensive care nurses. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WORKPLACE HEALTH MANAGEMENT 2022. [DOI: 10.1108/ijwhm-04-2021-0082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PurposeLimited evidence exists regarding a group of nurses' physical activity patterns and association with resilience. Less is known about the physical activity health paradox in nurses (the positive health effects of leisure time physical activity vs the negative health effects of occupational physical activity). This study aimed to explore the profiles of intensive care nurses' physical activity behaviours and associations with resilience, following a developed study-specific job demands–recovery framework.Design/methodology/approachA cross-sectional study was conducted with intensive care unit (ICU) nurses to explore their physical activity profiles and associations with resilience. The Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale 25 (CD-RISC 25) was used to assess resilience, and accelerometry was utilised to record participants' four-day activity (two workdays, two non-workdays). Hierarchical cluster analysis was employed to define groups of nurses by activity behaviours.FindingsParticipants (N = 93) were classified as low actives (n = 19), standers (n = 36), sitters (n = 31) and movers (n = 7). During two 12-h shifts, movers had the highest mean level of dynamic standing and the lowest mean level of sitting. During two non-workdays, movers had the highest mean level of walking as well as the lowest mean level of sitting and sleep time.Originality/valueThe uniqueness of this study was that it analysed ICU nurses' physical activity profiles and associations with resilience using identified clusters. However, the small number of participants limited this study's ability to determine significant relationships between resilience and the grouped physical activity profiles.
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15
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Kakamu T, Hidaka T, Masuishi Y, Kasuga H, Endo S, Sakurazawa M, Munakata Y, Tajimi K, Fukushima T. Effect of occupation on sleep duration among daytime Japanese workers: A cross-sectional study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e28123. [PMID: 34889273 PMCID: PMC8663890 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000028123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Occupation is one of the factors contributing to the loss of sleep. Although many studies have investigated sleep loss due to irregular and nighttime shifts, the causes of sleep loss in daytime workers remain unknown. The aims of the present study were to determine whether occupation is a dependent factor for sleep duration and whether working status and lifestyle are related to sleep duration.We examined the health check results of 17,519 (9028 men and 8491 women) workers who had at least 1 health check between the fiscal years 2013 and 2019. We asked about the workers' occupation, bedtime, dinner time, overtime work, and commuting time, using a self-administered questionnaire at their health check. The occupations were classified into 4 categories: high white-collar, low white-collar, pink-collar, and blue-collar. We conducted a linear regression model and analysis of covariance to investigate the effect of occupation on sleep duration.As a result of linear regression analysis, bedtime, overtime work and occupation were significantly associated with decreased sleep duration in males, and bedtime, age, and occupation were significantly associated with decreased sleep duration in females. Analysis of covariance revealed that both male and female blue-collar tended to sleep for significantly shorter durations than those in the other occupations.The results of the current study indicate that sleep duration is affected by occupation. When determining the cause of loss of sleep, medical personnel should consider their patient's lifestyles and how they have been affected by their occupation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeyasu Kakamu
- Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Tomoo Hidaka
- Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Yusuke Masuishi
- Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Hideaki Kasuga
- Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Shota Endo
- Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Fukushima, Japan
| | | | - Yukari Munakata
- Koriyama Health Promotion Foundation, Koriyama, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Kimitaka Tajimi
- Koriyama Health Promotion Foundation, Koriyama, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Tetsuhito Fukushima
- Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Fukushima, Japan
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16
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Yu X, Hao L, Crainiceanu C, Leroux A. Occupational determinants of physical activity at work: Evidence from wearable accelerometer in 2005-2006 NHANES. SSM Popul Health 2021; 17:100989. [PMID: 34977325 PMCID: PMC8688871 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2021.100989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Occupation determines workers' physical activity (PA) in the workplace, an important health behavior contributing to health outcomes. However, self-reported measure limits our understanding of how occupational tasks differentiate workers' PA in terms of the type, frequency, intensity, and duration. In addition, accurate estimation of occupation-based PA during workers' actual working hours requires precise work schedule information. To address these limitations, this study employs data on accelerometer-monitored PA and work schedule from the 2005-2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). It asks two questions: How do occupations determine PA among regular daytime workers in the United States? Second, how large a share of PA difference between two occupations is attributable to differences in the implicit occupational tasks, relative to workers' demographic, health preconditions, and socioeconomic attributes? Calculating PA during the 9-to-5 period among daytime regular workers on weekdays and conducting Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition analysis, we yield insights into the occupational determinant of both PA volume (total activity counts) and fragmentation (bouts of activities). Worksite health promotion can utilize the objective occupation-PA link and design occupation-tailored interventions, which is currently underdeveloped in the United States. Moreover, our findings shed light on the physical nature of occupation, suggesting a fruitful step to reconcile the documented mixed findings on occupation-based PA and health outcomes in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Yu
- Department of Sociology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA,Corresponding author. Advancing Maternal Health Lab, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, Michigan State University, College of Human Medicine.
| | - Lingxin Hao
- Department of Sociology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ciprian Crainiceanu
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Andrew Leroux
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, CO, USA
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17
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Benzo R, Farag A, Whitaker K, Xiao Q, Carr L. A comparison of occupational physical activity and sedentary behavior patterns of nurses working 12-h day and night shifts. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NURSING STUDIES ADVANCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnsa.2021.100028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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18
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Wang YC, Wang CC, Yao YH, Wu WT. Identification of a High-Risk Group of New-Onset Cardiovascular Disease in Occupational Drivers by Analyzing Heart Rate Variability. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182111486. [PMID: 34770003 PMCID: PMC8582774 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182111486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: This cohort study evaluated the effectiveness of noninvasive heart rate variability (HRV) analysis to assess the risk of cardiovascular disease over a period of 8 years. Methods: Personal and working characteristics were collected before biochemistry examinations and 5 min HRV tests from the Taiwan Bus Driver Cohort Study (TBDCS) in 2005. This study eventually identified 161 drivers with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and 627 without between 2005 and 2012. Estimation of the hazard ratio was analyzed by using the Cox proportional-hazards model. Results: Subjects with CVD had an overall lower standard deviation of NN intervals (SDNN) than their counterparts did. The SDNN index had a strong association with CVD, even after adjusting for risk factors. Using a median split for SDNN, the hazard ratio of CVD was 1.83 (95% CI = 1.10–3.04) in Model 1 and 1.87 (95% CI = 1.11–3.13) in Model 2. Furthermore, the low-frequency (LF) index was associated with a risk of CVD in the continuous approach. For hypertensive disease, the SDNN index was associated with increased risks in both the continuous and dichotomized approaches. When the root-mean-square of the successive differences (RMSSDs), high frequency (HF), and LF were continuous variables, significant associations with hypertensive disease were observed. Conclusions: This cohort study suggests that SDNN and LF levels are useful for predicting 8 year CVD risk, especially for hypertensive disease. Further research is required to determine preventive measures for modifying HRV dysfunction, as well as to investigate whether these interventions could decrease CVD risk among professional drivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Chuan Wang
- Division of Family Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan; (Y.-C.W.); (C.-C.W.)
- Division of Occupational Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Ching Wang
- Division of Family Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan; (Y.-C.W.); (C.-C.W.)
- Division of Occupational Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Hsin Yao
- School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan;
| | - Wei-Te Wu
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 350, Taiwan
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Department of Healthcare Administration, Asia University, Taichung 413, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
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19
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Leisure-Time Physical Activity and Glycemic Control Independently Predicts Cardiac Autonomic Neuropathy in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. J Phys Act Health 2021; 18:1393-1403. [PMID: 34662856 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2020-0194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Though cardiac autonomic neuropathy (CAN) is a common complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM); still, there is lack of clarity on pathophysiological correlates for its onset and progression. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the predictive ability of lifestyle and cardiometabolic risk factors for CAN in T2DM patients. METHODS A total of 105 Indian T2DM patients were recruited in the present study. Cardiometabolic risk factors, such as glycemic control, lipids, resting heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and lifestyle risk parameters, such as physical activity levels and sleep quality were assessed. Standard cardiovascular autonomic reflex tests were performed for diagnosing CAN by Ewing's criteria. RESULTS Leisure-time physical activity and glycosylated hemoglobin were significant independent predictors of CAN in T2DM. Leisure-time physical activity and glycosylated hemoglobin predicted the occurrence of CAN at cutoff values ≤4.68 metabolic equivalent-hours per week (P = .007) and >7.5% (P = .002), respectively. CONCLUSIONS The T2DM patients should be encouraged to engage in leisure-time physical activity of at least 4.68 metabolic equivalent-hours per week (equivalent to 1.2 h of walk or 0.6 h of jog per week) and therapeutic strategies for controlling hyperglycemia in T2DM should aim to reduce glycosylated hemoglobin below 7.5% to reduce CAN occurrence.
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20
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Strippoli E, Hughes A, Sebastiani G, Di Filippo P, d'Errico A. Occupational physical activity, mortality and CHD events in the Italian Longitudinal Study. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2021; 95:607-619. [PMID: 34635949 PMCID: PMC8938372 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-021-01765-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Several recent studies have suggested a ‘physical activity paradox’ whereby leisure-time physical activity benefits health, but occupational physical activity is harmful. However, other studies imply that occupational physical activity is beneficial. Using data from a nationally representative Italian sample, we investigate if the context, or domain, of physical activity matters for mortality and coronary heart disease (CHD) events. Methods Among 40,220 men and women aged 40–55 at baseline, we used Cox models to compare associations of occupational, domestic and leisure-time physical activity with risk of mortality and CHD events over a follow-up period of up to 14 years. We accounted for sociodemographic factors, smoking, body mass index (BMI), physical and mental health, and educational qualifications. Results Occupational physical activity was not significantly associated with risk of mortality or CHD events for women, or with CHD events for men. In crude models, risk of mortality was higher for men in the highest occupational activity group, compared to the lowest (HR 1.26, 95% CI 1.01, 1.57). This attenuated with adjustment for health-related behaviours, health, and education (HR 1.03, 95% CI 0.77, 1.38). In crude models, leisure-time physical activity was significantly associated with decreased mortality and CHD risk only for men. Domestic physical activity was not associated with either outcome for either gender. Conclusion In a large sample of middle-aged Italian workers, we found limited evidence of harmful or beneficial effects of occupational physical activity on mortality or CHD events. However, confidence intervals were wide, and results consistent with a range of effects in both directions. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00420-021-01765-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Strippoli
- Epidemiology Department, Local Health Unit TO3, Piedmont Region, Grugliasco, Torino, Italy
| | - Amanda Hughes
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK.
| | | | | | - Angelo d'Errico
- Epidemiology Department, Local Health Unit TO3, Piedmont Region, Grugliasco, Torino, Italy
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21
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Grabara M, Sadowska-Krępa E. Musculoskeletal disorders and the physical activity of territorial army soldiers during the COVID-19 pandemic. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2021; 22:796. [PMID: 34530794 PMCID: PMC8444508 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-021-04654-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to assess the occurrence of self-reported musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) among Polish territorial army soldiers during the COVID-19 pandemic and to investigate whether there was a relationship between occupational physical activity (OPA), leisure time physical activity (LTPA), and MSD. METHODS The study used a cross-sectional design with a sample of 373 territorial army soldiers ages 18-55 who had not previously suffered from COVID-19 and were not convalescents. The symptoms prevalence data was collected using the standardized Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire. OPA and LTPA data was collected using the Seven-Day Physical Activity Recall (SDPAR). RESULTS The OPA, LTPA, and total physical activity (PA) among the studied soldiers was very diverse and the mean level of PA was relatively high. A total of 56 and 40% of territorial army soldiers had experienced pain or other discomfort in one or more of nine body regions during the past 12 months and during the past 7 days, respectively. The most common MSD among Polish territorial army soldiers were low back pain, followed by pain in the neck and knees. CONCLUSIONS The study revealed that the OPA of the studied soldiers, especially vigorous-intensity and high vigorous-intensity OPA, was associated with a higher prevalence of MSD in several regions of the body, i.e. the lower back, elbows, wrists or hands, hips or thighs, and ankles or feet. Along with the increase in energy expenditure on total PA, a greater percentage of respondents experienced low back pain. Vigorous and high vigorous-intensity PA may contribute to the occurrence of MSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Grabara
- Institute of Sport Sciences, Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, Katowice, Poland
| | - Ewa Sadowska-Krępa
- Institute of Sport Sciences, Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, Katowice, Poland.
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22
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Relationships between Depression, Daily Physical Activity, Physical Fitness, and Daytime Sleepiness among Japanese University Students. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18158036. [PMID: 34360329 PMCID: PMC8345676 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18158036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In Japan and other developed countries, the lifestyles of many—particularly the younger generation—have been disrupted in recent years. This disruption may manifest as a decrease in physical activity and deterioration in the quality and quantity of sleep. Depressive tendencies are also increasing among university students. This study examined the relationship between mental health, physical activity, physical fitness, and daytime sleepiness. Eighty-five undergraduate students participated in this study (52 men and 33 women, aged 18.9 (±1.4) years). Physical activity levels were measured using an accelerometer (Lifecorder, Kenz, Nagoya, Japan) for two weeks. To evaluate their level of physical fitness, maximal oxygen uptake (V˙O2max) was calculated by an indirect method using a cycle ergometer. Depressive tendencies and daytime sleepiness were evaluated using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). The PHQ-9 score was positively correlated with sleepiness (r = 0.35, p = 0.001) and total steps per day (r = 0.39, p < 0.001). Moreover, the PHQ-9 score was positively correlated with V˙O2max (r = 0.25, p = 0.019). The PHQ-9 score was higher in students with good exercise habits or part-time jobs. An important finding was the positive correlation between depression and variables related to physical activity levels. These results suggest that vigorous physical activity, such as exercise and part-time jobs, might be positively associated with depressive tendencies among university students.
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Quinn TD, Kline CE, Nagle E, Radonovich LJ, Alansare A, Barone Gibbs B. Cardiovascular responses to physical activity during work and leisure. Occup Environ Med 2021; 79:94-101. [PMID: 34321351 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2021-107551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Recent evidence suggests that occupational physical activity (OPA) is associated with adverse cardiovascular health, whereas leisure time physical activity is protective. This study explored explanatory physiological mechanisms. METHODS Nineteen males (68% white, age=46.6±7.9 years, body mass index=27.9±5.1 kg/m2) with high self-reported OPA wore activity (ActiGraph and activPAL) and heart rate (HR) monitors for 7 days and an ambulatory blood pressure (BP) monitor on one workday and one non-workday. Mixed effects models compared cardiovascular variables (24-hour, nocturnal, waking and non-work time HR and BP) and nocturnal HR variability (HRV) on workdays versus non-workdays. Additional models examined associations of daily activity (steps, light physical activity (LPA) and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA)) with cardiovascular variables. Workday by daily activity interactions were examined. RESULTS 24-hour and waking HR and diastolic BP as well as non-work diastolic BP were significantly higher on workdays versus non-workdays (p<0.05 for all). However, no difference in systolic BP or nocturnal HR or BP was observed between work and non-workdays (p>0.05 for all). Low-frequency and high-frequency power indices of nocturnal HRV were lower on workdays (p<0.05 for both). Daily steps and LPA were positively associated with 24-hour and waking HR on work and non-workdays. Significant interactions suggested MVPA increases HR and lowers nocturnal HRV during workdays, with the opposite effect on non-workdays. CONCLUSIONS Cardiovascular load was higher on workdays versus non-workdays with no compensatory hypotensive response following workdays. Daily MVPA may differentially affect ambulatory cardiovascular load and nocturnal HRV on workdays versus non-workdays, supporting the physical activity health paradox hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler David Quinn
- National Personal Protective Technology Laboratory, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA .,Health and Human Development, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Christopher E Kline
- Health and Human Development, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Elizabeth Nagle
- Health and Human Development, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lewis J Radonovich
- Respiratory Health Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Abdullah Alansare
- Health and Human Development, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Exercise Physiology, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bethany Barone Gibbs
- Health and Human Development, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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Crowley P, Gupta N, Vuillerme N, Madeleine P, Holtermann A. Number of steps and systolic blood pressure: Do work and leisure matter? Scand J Med Sci Sports 2021; 31:1962-1970. [PMID: 34181778 PMCID: PMC9290469 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The number of steps per day influences blood pressure and health. However, the association between steps at work and leisure and blood pressure is unknown. Thus, we aimed to investigate the association between the domain‐specific number of steps and systolic blood pressure. A thigh‐worn accelerometer was used to measure the steps of 694 workers over 1–5 consecutive days, separated into work and leisure domains using a self‐reported diary. We linearly regressed steps at work, leisure and total day against systolic blood pressure, adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, smoking, and antihypertensive medication. Additionally, we stratified the analyses on job type (blue‐collar or white‐collar). The results of this cross‐sectional analysis indicated a beneficial association between the number of steps (per 2000‐step interval) and systolic blood pressure for the total day (−0.5 mmHg; −1.0 to −0.8, 95% CI, p < 0.05) and work (−0.9 mmHg; −1.5 to −0.4, 95% CI, p < 0.05), but not for leisure (+0.1 mmHg; −0.7 to 0.9, 95% CI, p = 0.75). Blue‐collar workers took almost twice as many steps at work (9143 ± SD3837) as white‐collar workers (5863 ± SD3565) and, after stratification on job type, we observed a beneficial association between the number of steps at work and systolic blood pressure among blue‐collar workers (−1.1 mmHg; −1.7 to −0.4, 95% CI, p < 0.05), but not for white‐collar workers (−0.3 mmHg; −1.7 to 1.1, 95% CI, p = 0.7). These findings indicate that the number of steps at work, particularly among blue‐collar workers, is beneficially associated with systolic blood pressure. Such findings support the potential of work (re)design to promote walking to improve blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Crowley
- The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Sport Sciences - Performance and Technology, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.,University of Grenoble Alpes, AGEIS, Grenoble, France
| | - Nidhi Gupta
- The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nicolas Vuillerme
- Sport Sciences - Performance and Technology, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.,University of Grenoble Alpes, AGEIS, Grenoble, France.,Institute Universitaire de France, Paris, France.,LabCom Telecom4Health, University of Grenoble Alpes and Orange Labs, Grenoble, France
| | - Pascal Madeleine
- Sport Sciences - Performance and Technology, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Andreas Holtermann
- The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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Troke N, Logar‐Henderson C, DeBono N, Dakouo M, Hussain S, MacLeod JS, Demers PA. Incidence of acute myocardial infarction in the workforce: Findings from the Occupational Disease Surveillance System. Am J Ind Med 2021; 64:338-357. [PMID: 33682182 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.23241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased risks of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) may be attributable to the workplace, however, associations are not well-established. Using the Occupational Disease Surveillance System (ODSS), we sought to estimate associations between occupation and industry of employment and AMI risk among workers in Ontario, Canada. METHODS The study population was derived by linking provincial accepted lost-time workers' compensation claims data, to inpatient hospitalization records. Workers aged 15-65 years with an accepted non-AMI compensation claim were followed for an AMI event between 2007 and 2016. Adjusted Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for each industry and occupation group, compared to all other workers in the cohort. Sex-stratified analyses were also performed. RESULTS In all, 24,514 incident cases of AMI were identified among 1,502,072 Ontario workers. Increased incidence rates of AMI were found across forestry (HR 1.37, 95% CI 1.19-1.58) and wood processing (HR 1.50, 1.27-1.77) job-titles. Elevated rates were also detected within industries and occupations both broadly related to mining and quarrying (HR 1.52, 1.17-1.97), trucking (HR 1.32, 1.27-1.38), construction (HR 1.32, 1.14-1.54), and the manufacturing and processing of metal (HR 1.41, 1.19-1.68), textile (HR 1.41, 1.07-1.88), non-metallic mineral (HR 1.30, 0.82-2.07), and rubber and plastic (HR 1.42, 1.27-1.60) products. Female food service workers also had elevated AMI rates (HR 1.36, 1.23-1.51). CONCLUSION This study found occupational variation in AMI incidence. Future studies should examine work-related hazards possibly contributing to such excess risks, like noise, vibration, occupational physical activity, shift work, and chemical and particulate exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Troke
- Occupational Cancer Research Centre Ontario Health (Cancer Care Ontario Division) Toronto Ontario Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Chloë Logar‐Henderson
- Occupational Cancer Research Centre Ontario Health (Cancer Care Ontario Division) Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Nathan DeBono
- Occupational Cancer Research Centre Ontario Health (Cancer Care Ontario Division) Toronto Ontario Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Mamadou Dakouo
- Occupational Cancer Research Centre Ontario Health (Cancer Care Ontario Division) Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Selena Hussain
- Occupational Cancer Research Centre Ontario Health (Cancer Care Ontario Division) Toronto Ontario Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Jill S. MacLeod
- Occupational Cancer Research Centre Ontario Health (Cancer Care Ontario Division) Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Paul A. Demers
- Occupational Cancer Research Centre Ontario Health (Cancer Care Ontario Division) Toronto Ontario Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
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Korshøj M, Lund Rasmussen C, de Oliveira Sato T, Holtermann A, Hallman D. Heart rate during work and heart rate variability during the following night: a day-by-day investigation on the physical activity paradox among blue-collar workers. Scand J Work Environ Health 2021; 47:387-394. [PMID: 33929548 PMCID: PMC8259705 DOI: 10.5271/sjweh.3965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Contrary to leisure-time physical activity, occupational physical activity (OPA) may have harmful health effects, called the physical activity paradox. A proposed mechanism is that OPA can elevate the heart rate (HR) for several hours per day. We aimed to investigate the association between the mean intensity of OPA and HR variability (HRV) indices the following night. Methods: Three cohorts (NOMAD, DPhacto, and Physical Workload and Fitness) involving blue-collar workers from different sectors were merged in this study. HR monitors (Actiheart) recorded 24-hour inter-beat intervals (IBI) for up to four consecutive days. The relative intensity of the mean HR during work was estimated by HR reserve (%HRR), and time-domain indices of HRV were analyzed during the following night. Data were analyzed using a multilevel growth model to test the association between mean %HRR during work and HRV indices at night in a day-by-day analysis adjusted for age, BMI, alcohol consumption, smoking, and occupation. Results: The dataset included a sample of 878 Danish blue-collar workers, with a mean %HRR during work of 31%, and 42% worked at an intensity ≥30%HRR. The multilevel model showed negative within- and between-subject associations between %HRR during work and HRV indices at night. Conclusions: Our results indicate a higher %HRR during work to associate with lower HRV indices the following night and a higher HR, reflecting an imbalanced autonomic cardiac modulation. This finding supports a high mean HR during work to be a potential underlying mechanism for the harmful health effect of OPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mette Korshøj
- Department of Occupational and Social Medicine, Holbæk Hospital Gl. Ringstedvej 4B, 4300 Hobæk, Denmark.
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Quinn TD, Yorio PL, Smith PM, Seo Y, Whitfield GP, Barone Gibbs B. Occupational physical activity and cardiovascular disease in the United States. Occup Environ Med 2021; 78:724-730. [PMID: 33737330 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2020-106948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emerging evidence, predominately from European and Asian countries, describes opposing effects of occupational physical activity (OPA) and leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) on cardiovascular health. This analysis examined cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevalence associated with OPA and LTPA. METHODS This cross-sectional analysis of 2015 National Health Interview Survey data (n=16 974) employed logistic regression to estimate odds (OR) of self-reported CVD (coronary heart disease, heart attack, stroke or angina) with self-reported total occupational activity (TOA), occupational exertion (OE), occupational standing and walking (OSW) and LTPA. OPA was measured using two questions: 'How often does your job involve…' (1) 'repeated lifting, pushing, pulling or bending?' (OE) and (2) 'standing or walking around?' (OSW) with responses on a 5-item Likert scale (0=never, 4=always). TOA was categorised similarly after summing OE and OSW scores. LTPA was defined as 0, 1-149 or ≥150 min/week of moderate-to-vigorous activity. All models adjusted for common socioeconomic variables and additional analyses were stratified by sex, smoking status and LTPA. RESULTS Odds for CVD were higher when 'always' performing TOA (OR 1.99 95% CI 1.12 to 3.53), OE (OR 2.15, 95% CI 1.45 to 3.19) or OSW (OR 1.84, 95% CI 1.07 to 3.17) compared with 'never'. When restricting to never-smokers, odds for CVD were higher when 'always' performing TOA (OR 3.00, 95% CI 1.38 to 6.51) and OE (OR 3.00, 95% CI 1.80 to 5.02) versus 'never'. CONCLUSION Associations of high OPA with CVD were equally apparent across sexes, stronger in lower LTPA levels and stronger in never-smokers. While uncontrolled confounding is still possible, even after extensive adjustment, the seemingly paradoxical adverse associations with OPA and CVD should be investigated further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler D Quinn
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA .,Health and Human Development, University of Pittsburgh School of Education, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Patrick L Yorio
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Peter M Smith
- Institute for Work & Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yongsuk Seo
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Geoffrey P Whitfield
- National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Bethany Barone Gibbs
- Health and Human Development, University of Pittsburgh School of Education, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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KANKAANPÄÄ ANNA, TOLVANEN ASKO, BOLLEPALLI SAILALITHA, LESKINEN TUIJA, KUJALA URHOM, KAPRIO JAAKKO, OLLIKAINEN MIINA, SILLANPÄÄ ELINA. Leisure-Time and Occupational Physical Activity Associates Differently with Epigenetic Aging. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2021; 53:487-495. [PMID: 32868581 PMCID: PMC7886335 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000002498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Greater leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) associates with healthier lives, but knowledge regarding occupational physical activity (OPA) is more inconsistent. DNA methylation (DNAm) patterns capture age-related changes in different tissues. We aimed to assess how LTPA and OPA are associated with three DNAm-based epigenetic age estimates, namely, DNAm age, PhenoAge, and GrimAge. METHODS The participants were young adult (21-25 yr, n = 285) and older (55-74 yr, n = 235) twin pairs, including 16 pairs with documented long-term LTPA discordance. Genome-wide DNAm from blood samples was used to compute DNAm age, PhenoAge, and GrimAge Age acceleration (Acc), which describes the difference between chronological and epigenetic ages. Physical activity was assessed with sport, leisure-time, and work indices based on the Baecke Questionnaire. Genetic and environmental variance components of epigenetic age Acc were estimated by quantitative genetic modeling. RESULTS Epigenetic age Acc was highly heritable in young adult and older twin pairs (~60%). Sport index was associated with slower and OPA with faster DNAm GrimAge Acc after adjusting the model for sex. Genetic factors and nonshared environmental factors in common with sport index explained 1.5%-2.7% and 1.9%-3.5%, respectively, of the variation in GrimAge Acc. The corresponding proportions considering OPA were 0.4%-1.8% and 0.7%-1.8%, respectively. However, these proportions were minor (<0.5%) after adjusting the model for smoking status. CONCLUSIONS LTPA associates with slower and OPA with faster epigenetic aging. However, adjusting the models for smoking status, which may reflect the accumulation of unhealthy lifestyle habits, attenuated the associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- ANNA KANKAANPÄÄ
- Gerontology Research Center, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, FINLAND
| | - ASKO TOLVANEN
- Methodology Center for Human Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, FINLAND
| | - SAILALITHA BOLLEPALLI
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLife, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FINLAND
| | - TUIJA LESKINEN
- Department of Public Health, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, FINLAND
| | - URHO M. KUJALA
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, FINLAND
| | - JAAKKO KAPRIO
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLife, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FINLAND
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FINLAND
| | - MIINA OLLIKAINEN
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLife, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FINLAND
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FINLAND
| | - ELINA SILLANPÄÄ
- Gerontology Research Center, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, FINLAND
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLife, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FINLAND
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Brusaca LA, Barbieri DF, Beltrame T, Milan-Mattos JC, Catai AM, Oliveira AB. Cardiac autonomic responses to different tasks in office workers with access to a sit-stand table - a study in real work setting. ERGONOMICS 2021; 64:354-365. [PMID: 32985949 DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2020.1830184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to characterise the cardiac autonomic modulation of different office tasks performed by office workers with access to a sit-stand table. Heart rate variability (HRV) of 24 office workers was measured for two hours during three days in the last week of sit-stand table use. HRV indexes and the percentage of heart rate reserve (%HRR) were calculated during computer and non-computer work tasks while sitting or standing, non-computer tasks away from the work desk, and informal work breaks. All cardiac autonomic responses demonstrated a statistically significant interaction effect between the tasks (all p < 0.05) except for the logarithmically-transformed high frequency power (ln HF ms2; p = 0.14). Tasks performed while standing and away from the desk had higher sympathetic modulation; in addition, the observed higher %HRR demonstrated that these tasks were more physically demanding in comparison to other tasks. Practitioner Summary: Prior reports indicated benefits based on alternated body postures using sit-stand table. Nevertheless, the cardiac autonomic responses of different tasks performed by office workers are unknown. This cross-sectional study showed that different tasks stimulate the cardiac autonomic nervous system in different ways, which could bring positive effects to the cardiovascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz Augusto Brusaca
- Department of Physical Therapy, Clinical and Occupational Kinesiology Laboratory, Federal University of São Carlos, Sao Carlos, Brazil
| | - Dechristian França Barbieri
- Department of Physical Therapy, Clinical and Occupational Kinesiology Laboratory, Federal University of São Carlos, Sao Carlos, Brazil
| | - Thomas Beltrame
- Department of Physical Therapy, Cardiovascular Physical Therapy Laboratory, Federal University of São Carlos, Sao Carlos, Brazil
- The Institute of Computing, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Physical Therapy, Universidade Ibirapuera - UNIB, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana Cristina Milan-Mattos
- Department of Physical Therapy, Cardiovascular Physical Therapy Laboratory, Federal University of São Carlos, Sao Carlos, Brazil
| | - Aparecida Maria Catai
- Department of Physical Therapy, Cardiovascular Physical Therapy Laboratory, Federal University of São Carlos, Sao Carlos, Brazil
| | - Ana Beatriz Oliveira
- Department of Physical Therapy, Clinical and Occupational Kinesiology Laboratory, Federal University of São Carlos, Sao Carlos, Brazil
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Gupta N, Rasmussen CL, Holtermann A, Mathiassen SE. Time-Based Data in Occupational Studies: The Whys, the Hows, and Some Remaining Challenges in Compositional Data Analysis (CoDA). Ann Work Expo Health 2021; 64:778-785. [PMID: 32607544 PMCID: PMC7544002 DOI: 10.1093/annweh/wxaa056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Data on the use of time in different exposures, behaviors, and work tasks are common in occupational research. Such data are most often expressed in hours, minutes, or percentage of work time. Thus, they are constrained or ‘compositional’, in that they add up to a finite sum (e.g. 8 h of work or 100% work time). Due to their properties, compositional data need to be processed and analyzed using specifically adapted methods. Compositional data analysis (CoDA) has become a particularly established framework to handle such data in various scientific fields such as nutritional epidemiology, geology, and chemistry, but has only recently gained attention in public and occupational health sciences. In this paper, we introduce the reader to CoDA by explaining why CoDA should be used when dealing with compositional time-use data, showing how to perform CoDA, including a worked example, and pointing at some remaining challenges in CoDA. The paper concludes by emphasizing that CoDA in occupational research is still in its infancy, and stresses the need for further development and experience in the use of CoDA for time-based occupational exposures. We hope that the paper will encourage researchers to adopt and apply CoDA in studies of work exposures and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Gupta
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Department of Musculoskeletal Disorders and Physical Work Demands, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Charlotte Lund Rasmussen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Department of Musculoskeletal Disorders and Physical Work Demands, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.,Section of Social Medicine, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andreas Holtermann
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Department of Musculoskeletal Disorders and Physical Work Demands, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.,Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Svend Erik Mathiassen
- Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Department of Occupational Health Sciences and Psychology, University of Gävle, Gävle, Sweden
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Dhondt E, Danneels L, Van Oosterwijck S, Palmans T, Rijckaert J, Van Oosterwijck J. The influence of physical activity on the nociceptive flexion reflex in healthy people. Eur J Pain 2020; 25:774-789. [PMID: 33290578 DOI: 10.1002/ejp.1708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The nociceptive flexion reflex (NFR) is a spinal reflex induced by painful stimuli resulting in an appropriate withdrawal response. The NFR is considered to be an objective physiological correlate of spinal nociception. Previous research has already demonstrated that physical activity (PA) can influence pain assessments. To date, no studies have directly examined the relationship between PA and spinal nociception. Hence, this study aimed to investigate whether the NFR threshold can be predicted by report-based and monitor-based measures of PA in healthy adults. METHODS PA and the NFR threshold of 58 healthy adults were assessed. PA was evaluated by self-report using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire and by monitor-based accelerometry data. The NFR threshold was elicited through transcutaneous electrical stimulation of the sural nerve and quantified by the biceps femoris muscle electromyogram. Hierarchical linear regression analyses were performed to determine the relationship between PA and the NFR, while controlling for confounders. RESULTS Monitor-based measured step count and activities of moderate- to vigorous-intensity predicted the NFR threshold accounting for 23.0% (p = .047) to 37.1% (p = .002) of the variance. Larger amounts of step counts and higher participation in moderate- to vigorous-intensity activities predicted higher NFR thresholds. Monitor-based activities of sedentary intensity predicted the NFR threshold accounting for 35.8% (p = .014) to 35.9% (p = .014) of the variance. Spending more time per day on activities of sedentary intensity predicted lower NFR thresholds. CONCLUSIONS The study provides preliminary evidence indicating that a physically active lifestyle may reduce spinal nociception in healthy adults, while a sedentary lifestyle enhances spinal nociception. SIGNIFICANCE The present study provides preliminary evidence that the influencing effects of physical activity on pain are the result of a strong descending control and do not purely rely on supraspinal mechanisms. These study results highlight the importance of considering physical activity levels when evaluating nociceptive processing, given the prognostic value of physical activity in spinal nociception. Furthermore, this study encourages future research to examine the effects of moderate- to vigorous-intensity exercise programmes on spinal nociception in chronic pain populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evy Dhondt
- SPINE Research Unit Ghent, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Pain in Motion, International Research Group
| | - Lieven Danneels
- SPINE Research Unit Ghent, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sophie Van Oosterwijck
- SPINE Research Unit Ghent, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Pain in Motion, International Research Group.,Research Foundation - Flanders (FWO), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Tanneke Palmans
- SPINE Research Unit Ghent, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Johan Rijckaert
- SPINE Research Unit Ghent, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Audiology, Artevelde University College, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jessica Van Oosterwijck
- SPINE Research Unit Ghent, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Pain in Motion, International Research Group.,Research Foundation - Flanders (FWO), Brussels, Belgium
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Stevens ML, Gupta N, Inan Eroglu E, Crowley PJ, Eroglu B, Bauman A, Granat M, Straker L, Palm P, Stenholm S, Aadahl M, Mork P, Chastin S, Rangul V, Hamer M, Koster A, Holtermann A, Stamatakis E. Thigh-worn accelerometry for measuring movement and posture across the 24-hour cycle: a scoping review and expert statement. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2020; 6:e000874. [PMID: 33408875 PMCID: PMC7768971 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2020-000874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The Prospective Physical Activity Sitting and Sleep consortium (ProPASS) is an international collaboration platform committed to harmonise thigh-worn accelerometry data. The aim of this paper is to (1) outline observational thigh-worn accelerometry studies and (2) summarise key strategic directions arising from the inaugural ProPASS meeting. Methods (1) We performed a systematic scoping review for observational studies of thigh-worn triaxial accelerometers in free-living adults (n≥100, 24 hours monitoring protocols). (2)Attendees of the inaugural ProPASS meeting were sent a survey focused on areas related to developing ProPASS: important terminology (Q1); accelerometry constructs (Q2); advantages and distinct contribution of the consortium (Q3); data pooling and harmonisation (Q4); data access and sharing (Q5 and Q6). Results (1) Eighty eligible articles were identified (22 primary studies; n~17 685). The accelerometers used most often were the ActivPAL3 and ActiGraph GT3X. The most commonly collected health outcomes were cardiometabolic and musculoskeletal. (2) None of the survey questions elicited the predefined 60% agreement. Survey responses recommended that ProPASS: use the term physical behaviour or movement behaviour rather than 'physical activity' for the data we are collecting (Q1); make only minor changes to ProPASS's accelerometry construct (Q2); prioritise developing standardised protocols/tools (Q4); facilitate flexible methods of data sharing and access (Q5 and Q6). Conclusions Thigh-worn accelerometry is an emerging method of capturing movement and posture across the 24 hours cycle. In 2020, the literature is limited to 22 primary studies from high-income western countries. This work identified ProPASS's strategic directions-indicating areas where ProPASS can most benefit the field of research: use of clear terminology, refinement of the measured construct, standardised protocols/tools and flexible data sharing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew L Stevens
- Musculoskeletal Disorders and Physical Workload, National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nidhi Gupta
- Musculoskeletal Disorders and Physical Workload, National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Elif Inan Eroglu
- Boden Collaboration for Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise & Eating Disorders, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Patrick Joseph Crowley
- Musculoskeletal Disorders and Physical Workload, National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Barbaros Eroglu
- School of Public Health, The University of Sydney Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Adrian Bauman
- School of Public Health, The University of Sydney Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Malcolm Granat
- School of Health and Society, University of Salford, Salford, UK.,PAL Technologies, Glasgow, UK
| | - Leon Straker
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Peter Palm
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sari Stenholm
- Department of Public Health, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Mette Aadahl
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Paul Mork
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Sebastien Chastin
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK.,Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Vegar Rangul
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway
| | - Mark Hamer
- Institute Sport Exercise & Health, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Annemarie Koster
- Department of Social Medicine, CAPHRI Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Andreas Holtermann
- Musculoskeletal Disorders and Physical Workload, National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Emmanuel Stamatakis
- School of Public Health, The University of Sydney Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Van Poel E, Ketels M, Clays E. The association between occupational physical activity, psychosocial factors and perceived work ability among nurses. J Nurs Manag 2020; 28:1696-1703. [DOI: 10.1111/jonm.13125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Esther Van Poel
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care Ghent University Ghent Belgium
| | - Margo Ketels
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care Ghent University Ghent Belgium
| | - Els Clays
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care Ghent University Ghent Belgium
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The Independent and Combined Effects of Aerobic Physical Activity and Muscular Strengthening Activity on All-Cause Mortality: An Analysis of Effect Modification by Race-Ethnicity. J Phys Act Health 2020; 17:881-888. [PMID: 32732453 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2019-0581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effects of aerobic physical activity (PA) and muscular strengthening activity (MSA) on all-cause mortality risk need further exploration among ethnically diverse populations. PURPOSE To examine potential effect modification of race-ethnicity on meeting the PA guidelines and on all-cause mortality. METHODS The study sample (N = 14,384) included adults (20-79 y of age) from the 1999-2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. PA was categorized into 6 categories based on the 2018 PA guidelines: category 1 (inactive), category 2 (insufficient PA and no MSA), category 3 (active and no MSA), category 4 (no PA and sufficient MSA), category 5 (insufficient PA and sufficient MSA), and category 6 (meeting both recommendations). Race-ethnic groups examined included non-Hispanic white, non-Hispanic black, and Mexican American. Cox-proportional hazard models were used. RESULTS Significant risk reductions were found for categories 2, 3, and 6 for non-Hispanic white and non-Hispanic black. Among Mexican American, significant risk reductions were found in category 6. CONCLUSION In support of the 2018 PA guidelines, meeting both the aerobic PA and MSA guidelines significantly reduced risk for all-cause mortality independent of race-ethnicity. The effects of aerobic PA alone seem to be isolated to non-Hispanic white and non-Hispanic black.
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Ribeiro UES, Fernandes RDCP. Hypertension in Workers: The Role of Physical Activity and its Different Dimensions. Arq Bras Cardiol 2020; 114:755-761. [PMID: 32491065 PMCID: PMC8386995 DOI: 10.36660/abc.20190065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 06/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical activity, each type in its own manner, whether occupational, domestic or leisure, can play a significant role regarding high blood pressure (HBP). However, practicing physical activity only at leisure time, or in specific situations, can be insufficient to achieve the effective control of HBP. OBJECTIVE To analyze the isolated and cumulative effect of different types of physical activity and the prevalence of HBP among workers. METHODS A cross-sectional study with 1,070 Urban Cleaning and Footwear Industry workers in Bahia, who answered a survey, conducted by an interviewer on sociodemographic, occupational, lifestyle and hypertensive morbidity aspects. Weight, height, waist circumference and blood pressure were measured. Case of HBP: Systolic blood pressure ≥140 or diastolic blood pressure ≥90, or regular treatment for HBP. The occupational, domestic and leisure aspects of Physical Activity were studied. A multivariate analysis with Cox Regression was performed for cross-sectional studies. RESULTS The prevalence of HBP was 24%, being 37% among workers aged between 35-44 years, and 51% among workers aged between 45-54 years. The multivariate model showed that workers who were active in one form of physical activity only or no forms had 62% higher BP levels and that these levels were 25% higher among workers who were active in two out of three physical activity forms. Being a male, being older (> 31 years old) and being overweight were characteristics associated with HBP, with prevalence ratios of 1.62, 2.10 and 2.26, respectively. CONCLUSIONS There was a cumulative effect of the form of physical activity on the occurrence of HBP. Classifying active subjects at work or at home as inactive persons by relying only on the leisure form can lead to methodological errors. (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2020; 114(5):755-761).
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Affiliation(s)
- Uelito Everaldo Souza Ribeiro
- Universidade Federal da BahiaPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Saúde, Ambiente e TrabalhoSalvadorBABrasilUniversidade Federal da Bahia - Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde, Ambiente e Trabalho, Salvador, BA - Brasil
| | - Rita de Cassia Pereira Fernandes
- Universidade Federal da BahiaFaculdade de Medicina da BahiaSalvadorBABrasilUniversidade Federal da Bahia - Faculdade de Medicina da Bahia, Salvador, BA – Brasil
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Carl J, Grüne E, Popp J, Pfeifer K. Physical Activity Promotion for Apprentices in Nursing Care and Automotive Mechatronics-Competence Counts More than Volume. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E793. [PMID: 32012835 PMCID: PMC7037564 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17030793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Apprentices in the area of nursing care and automotive mechatronics are exposed to increased health risks. In this context, the promotion of physical activity (PA) is considered an effective strategy for the assurance of work ability. The goal of the PArC-AVE study was therefore to better understand the role of PA for apprentices employed in these two sectors. In an exploratory study, 55 apprentices wore an ActiGraph accelerometer over seven consecutive days and were subject to activity analysis. The objective accelerometer data (18,979 ± 3780 steps/day; 471.00 ± 159.75 min of moderate-to-vigorous PA/week), complemented by questionnaire data, indicated that most met the volume-based PA recommendations. Subsequently, we conducted a multicenter study comprising 745 apprentices from six vocational education institutions. Path analyses showed that competencies for health-enhancing PA were significantly related to indicators of work ability (0.180 ≤ b ≤ 0.452) and psychophysical health (0.139 ≤ b ≤ 0.347), whereas mere volume of PA was not (-0.048 ≤ b ≤ 0.080). In summary, apprentices of nursing care and automotive mechatronics showed high levels of PA. However, the results highlight the importance of competencies for health-enhancing PA. The PAHCO model could provide a useful framework for the conceptualization of effective interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Carl
- Department of Sport Science and Sport, Friedrich Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany (K.P.)
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Nawrocka A, Niestrój-Jaworska M, Mynarski A, Polechoński J. Association Between Objectively Measured Physical Activity And Musculoskeletal Disorders, And Perceived Work Ability Among Adult, Middle-Aged And Older Women. Clin Interv Aging 2019; 14:1975-1983. [PMID: 31806953 PMCID: PMC6850688 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s204196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between objectively measured physical activity and perceived work ability and musculoskeletal disorders among adult, middle-aged, and older women. Patients and methods This study used a cross-sectional design with a convenience sample of 348 women divided into 3 age groups: 30–49 years (n=111), 50–65 years (n=120), 66–75 years (n=117). Weekly physical activity was monitored using tri-axial accelerometer ActiGraph Gt3X. Perceived work ability was assessed using the standardized Work Ability Index (WAI) questionnaire. Information about the occurrence and intensity of musculoskeletal disorders was collected using standardized Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ) expanded by visual analog pain intensity scale (VAS). Results Regardless of age, women who met physical activity recommendations achieved higher scores in each part of the WAI, and also in the total WAI scores. However, the most significant differences were found in women aged 50–64 years, and included the following items: subjective work ability, work ability in relation to demands, work impairments, sick leave in the past year. Total WAI scores were also significantly higher in women aged 30–49 and 50–64 years who met PA recommendations in comparison to women who did not meet recommendations. Also, significant relations between the frequency of occurrence of musculoskeletal problems and meeting physical activity recommendations were found in women aged 50–64 years. Those who were more physically active reported less musculoskeletal problems in shoulders (p=0.006) and ankles/feet (p=0.018) regions. Conclusion Adherence to Global Recommendations on Physical Activity for Health disseminated by WHO is related to better-perceived work ability among adult (30–49 years) and middle-aged (50–64 years) women. There is also a relationship between adherence to recommendations of physical activity and frequency and intensity of musculoskeletal pain among middle-aged women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Nawrocka
- Institute of Sport Science, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, Katowice, Poland
| | - Maria Niestrój-Jaworska
- Department of Physical Activity and Health Prevention, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Arkadiusz Mynarski
- Department of Physical Activity and Health Prevention, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | - Jacek Polechoński
- Institute of Sport Science, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, Katowice, Poland
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de Rezende LFM, Garcia LMT, Mielke GI, Lee DH, Giovannucci E, Eluf-Neto J. Physical activity and preventable premature deaths from non-communicable diseases in Brazil. J Public Health (Oxf) 2019; 41:e253-e260. [PMID: 30346575 PMCID: PMC6785690 DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdy183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies on the impact of counterfactual scenarios of physical activity on premature deaths from non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are sparse in the literature. We estimated preventable premature deaths from NCDs (diabetes, ischemic heart disease, stroke, and breast and colon cancers) in Brazil by increasing population-wide physical activity (i) to theoretical minimum risk exposure levels; (ii) reaching the physical activity recommendation; (iii) reducing insufficient physical activity by 10%; and (iv) eliminating the gender differences in physical activity. METHODS Preventable fractions were estimated using data from a nationally representative survey, relative risks from a meta-analysis and number of premature deaths (30-69 years) from the Brazilian Mortality Information System. RESULTS Physical activity could potentially avoid up to 16 700 premature deaths from NCDs in Brazil, corresponding to 5.75 and 3.23% of premature deaths from major NCDs and of all-causes, respectively. Other scenarios suggested the following impact on premature deaths: reaching physical activity recommendation (5000 or 1.74% of major NCDs); 10% reduction in insufficient physical activity (500 or 0.17% of major NCDs); eliminating gender differences in physical activity (1000 or 0.33% of major NCDs). CONCLUSIONS Physical activity may play an important role to reduce premature deaths from NCD in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leandro Martin Totaro Garcia
- UKCRC Centre for Diet and Activity Research, MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Grégore Iven Mielke
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Dong Hoon Lee
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Edward Giovannucci
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - José Eluf-Neto
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Kaneko R, Zaitsu M, Sato Y, Kobayashi Y. Risk of cancer and longest-held occupations in Japanese workers: A multicenter hospital-based case-control study. Cancer Med 2019; 8:6139-6150. [PMID: 31407499 PMCID: PMC6792488 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Revised: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Little is known about the risk of developing various cancers according to occupation and occupational physical activity. Methods Using nationwide clinical inpatient data (1984‐2017) in Japan, we undertook a multicentered, matched case‐control study with regard to the risk of developing various cancers according to occupation and using patients admitted with fractures as controls. Using standardized national occupation and industrial classifications, we first identified the longest‐held job for each patient. Using sales workers as the reference group, odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated by conditional logistic regression, adjusted for age, admission period, and the admitting hospital, with smoking, alcohol consumption, and lifestyle diseases as covariates. The risk of high and low occupational physical activity was also estimated. Results Across all occupations, a reduced risk for all common cancers among males was observed among those occupations associated with high physical activities, such as agriculture. People in these occupations tended to show a lower risk for most cancers, including, for example, prostate cancer (OR 0.58, 95% CI 0.45‐0.75) and lung cancer (OR 0.63, 95% CI 0.51‐0.76). For females, the breast cancer risk was low in women engaged in agriculture (OR 0.58, 95% CI 0.45‐0.75) and in those occupations with high levels of occupational physical activity (OR 0.58, 95% CI 0.52‐0.66). Conclusions This study revealed differences in cancer risk among diverse occupations in Japan. Specifically, those occupations associated with high levels of physical activity may be associated with a decreased risk of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rena Kaneko
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanto Rosai Hospital, Kawasaki, Japan.,Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Zaitsu
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuzuru Sato
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanto Rosai Hospital, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Yasuki Kobayashi
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Ketels M, De Bacquer D, Geens T, Janssens H, Korshøj M, Holtermann A, Clays E. Assessing physiological response mechanisms and the role of psychosocial job resources in the physical activity health paradox: study protocol for the Flemish Employees' Physical Activity (FEPA) study. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:765. [PMID: 31202266 PMCID: PMC6570960 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-6950-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In the current labour system many workers are still exposed to heavy physical demands during their job. In contrast to leisure time physical activity (LTPA), occupational physical activity (OPA) is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases and all-cause mortality, termed “the physical activity (PA) health paradox”. In order to gain more insight into the PA health paradox, an exploration of structural preventive measures at the workplace is needed and therefore objective field measurements are highly recommended. The objective of this paper is to provide an overview of the protocol of the Flemish Employees’ Physical Activity (FEPA) study, including objective measurements of PA, heart rate (HR) and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) to gain more insight into the PA health paradox. Methods A total of 401 workers participated in the FEPA study across seven companies in the service and production sector in Belgium. The participants comprised 167 men and 234 women, aged 20 to 65 years. OPA and LTPA were assessed by two Axivity AX3 accelerometers on the thigh and upper back. Ambulatory HR was measured by the Faros eMotion 90° monitor. Both devices were worn during two to four consecutive working days. In addition, CRF was estimated by using the Harvard Step Test. Statistical analyses will be performed using Pearson correlation, and multiple regression adjusted for possible confounders. Discussion This study aims to provide a better insight in the PA health paradox and the possible buffering factors by using valid and objective measurements of PA and HR (both during LTPA and OPA) over multiple working days. The results of the study can contribute to the prevention of cardiovascular disease by providing tailored recommendations for participants with high levels of OPA and by disseminating the results and recommendations to workplaces, policy makers and occupational health practitioners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margo Ketels
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University Hospital Ghent, Ghent University, entrance 42 (4K3), Corneel Heymanslaan 10, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Dirk De Bacquer
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University Hospital Ghent, Ghent University, entrance 42 (4K3), Corneel Heymanslaan 10, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tom Geens
- Liantis, Occupational Health Services, Bruges, Belgium
| | | | - Mette Korshøj
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andreas Holtermann
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Els Clays
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University Hospital Ghent, Ghent University, entrance 42 (4K3), Corneel Heymanslaan 10, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
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Sick leave due to musculoskeletal pain: determinants of distinct trajectories over 1 year. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2019; 92:1099-1108. [PMID: 31165308 PMCID: PMC6814632 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-019-01447-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to identify sub-groups of workers with different trajectories of sick leave due to musculoskeletal pain over 1 year, and to investigate the extent to which the identified trajectories are associated with personal, occupational, lifestyle, and pain-related factors at baseline. Methods Data on 981 blue- and white-collar workers were analyzed in the DPHACTO cohort (2012–2014). The number of days on sick leave due to pain was reported using text messages at 4-week intervals across 1 year. Latent class growth analysis was used to distinguish sub-groups with different trajectories of sick leave. A web-based questionnaire at baseline was used to assess personal, occupational (physical and psychosocial), lifestyle, and pain-related factors. Multinomial regression models were constructed to determine associations between baseline factors and trajectories of sick leave (referencing no sick leave), with adjustment for potential confounders. Results Four distinct sub-groups were identified, with trajectories of sick leave due to pain ranging from no sick leave (prevalence 76%; average 0.5 days/year) to some days and increasing sick leave due to pain over 1 year (2%; 89 days/year). The increasing trajectory of sick leave was associated with higher perceived physical exertion, more time in manual work, less social community and influence at work, less leisure-time physical activity, smoking, and more severe symptoms (e.g., multisite pain, low back pain intensity, and pain interference). Conclusions We identified four distinct trajectories of sick leave due to musculoskeletal pain. The sub-group with increasing sick leave due to pain was associated with several modifiable physical and psychosocial factors at work and outside work, which may have implications for prevention. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00420-019-01447-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Ferrario MM, Veronesi G, Roncaioli M, Holtermann A, Krause N, Clays E, Borchini R, Grassi G, Cesana G. Exploring the interplay between job strain and different domains of physical activity on the incidence of coronary heart disease in adult men. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2019; 26:1877-1885. [PMID: 31109187 DOI: 10.1177/2047487319852186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this study was to investigate the independent associations of occupational (OPA) and sport physical activity (SpPA) and job strain on the incidence of coronary heart disease (CHD) events, and to explore their interplay. METHODS The study sample included 3310 25-64-year-old employed men, free of CHD at baseline, recruited in three population-based and one factory-based cohorts. OPA and SpPA, and job strain were assessed by the Baecke and the Job Content Questionnaires, respectively. We estimated the associations between different domains of physical activity and job strain with CHD, adjusting for major risk factors using Cox models. RESULTS During follow-up (median=14 years), 120 CHD events, fatal and non-fatal, occurred. In the entire sample, a higher CHD risk was found for high job strain (hazard ratio=1.55, 95% confidence interval: 1.05-2.31). The joint effect of low OPA and high job strain was estimated as a hazard ratio of 2.53 (1.29-4.97; reference intermediate OPA with non-high strain). With respect to intermediate OPA workers, in stratified analysis when SpPA is none, low OPA workers had a hazard ratio of 2.13 (95% confidence interval: 1.19-3.81), increased to 3.95 (1.79-8.78) by the presence of high job strain. Low OPA-high job strain workers take great advantage from SpPA, reducing their risk up to 90%. In contrast, the protective effect of SpPA on CHD in other OPA-job strain categories was modest or even absent, in particular when OPA is high. CONCLUSIONS Our study shows a protective effect of recommended and intermediate SpPA levels on CHD risk among sedentary male workers. When workers are jointly exposed to high job strain and sedentary work their risk further increases, but this group benefits most from regular sport physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco M Ferrario
- Research Centre in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Insubria at Varese, Italy.,Occupational Medicine Unit, University Hospital of Varese, Italy
| | - Giovanni Veronesi
- Research Centre in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Insubria at Varese, Italy
| | - Mattia Roncaioli
- School of Occupational Medicine, University of Insubria at Varese, Italy
| | - Andreas Holtermann
- The National Research Centre for Work Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Niklas Krause
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences and Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, and Southern California NIOSH Education and Research Center, University of California Los Angeles, USA
| | - Els Clays
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - Rossana Borchini
- Research Centre in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Insubria at Varese, Italy.,Occupational Medicine Unit, University Hospital of Varese, Italy
| | - Guido Grassi
- Clinic Medica, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Cesana
- Research Centre on Public Health, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
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Hallman DM, Holtermann A, Dencker-Larsen S, Birk Jørgensen M, Nørregaard Rasmussen CD. Are trajectories of neck-shoulder pain associated with sick leave and work ability in workers? A 1-year prospective study. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e022006. [PMID: 30898794 PMCID: PMC6475446 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-022006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The study aimed to determine the extent to which latent trajectories of neck-shoulder pain (NSP) are associated with self-reported sick leave and work ability based on frequent repeated measures over 1 year in an occupational population. METHODS This longitudinal study included 748 Danish workers (blue-collar, n=620; white collar, n=128). A questionnaire was administered to collect data on personal and occupational factors at baseline. Text messages were used for repeated measurements of NSP intensity (scale 0-10) over 1 year (14 waves in total). Simultaneously, self-reported sick leave (days/month) due to pain was assessed at 4-week intervals, while work ability (scale 0-10) was assessed using a single item (work ability index) at 12-week intervals over the year. Trajectories of NSP, distinguished by latent class growth analysis, were used as predictors of sick leave and work ability in generalised estimation equations with multiple adjustments. RESULTS Sick leave increased and work ability decreased across all NSP trajectory classes (low, moderate, strong fluctuating and severe persistent pain intensity). In the adjusted model, the estimated number of days on sick leave was 1.5 days/month for severe persistent NSP compared with 0.1 days/month for low NSP (relative risk=13.8, 95% CI 6.7 to 28.5). Similarly, work ability decreased markedly for severe persistent NSP (OR=12.9, 95% CI 8.5 to 19.7; median 7.1) compared with low NSP (median 9.5). CONCLUSION Severe persistent NSP was associated with sick leave and poor work ability over 1 year among workers. Preventive strategies aiming at reducing severe persistent NSP among working populations are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andreas Holtermann
- Musculoskeletal Disorders and Physical Work demands, National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sofie Dencker-Larsen
- Musculoskeletal Disorders and Physical Work demands, National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marie Birk Jørgensen
- Musculoskeletal Disorders and Physical Work demands, National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Hallman DM, Krause N, Jensen MT, Gupta N, Birk Jørgensen M, Holtermann A. Objectively Measured Sitting and Standing in Workers: Cross-Sectional Relationship with Autonomic Cardiac Modulation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:E650. [PMID: 30813282 PMCID: PMC6406480 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16040650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Excessive sitting and standing are proposed risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), possibly due to autonomic imbalance. This study examines the association of objectively measured sitting and standing with nocturnal autonomic cardiac modulation. The cross-sectional study examined 490 blue-collar workers in three Danish occupational sectors. Sitting and standing during work and leisure were assessed during 1⁻5 days using accelerometers. Heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) were obtained during nocturnal sleep as markers of resting autonomic modulation. The associations of sitting and standing still (h/day) with HR and HRV were assessed with linear regression models, adjusted for age, gender, body mass index, smoking, and physical activity. More sitting time during leisure was associated with elevated HR (p = 0.02), and showed a trend towards reduced HRV. More standing time at work was associated with lower HR (p = 0.02), and with increased parasympathetic indices of HRV (root mean squared successive differences of R-R intervals p = 0.05; high-frequency power p = 0.07). These findings, while cross-sectional and restricted to blue-collar workers, suggest that sitting at leisure is detrimental to autonomic cardiac modulation, but standing at work is beneficial. However, the small effect size is likely insufficient to mitigate the previously shown detrimental effects of prolonged standing on CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Hallman
- Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Department of Occupational and Public Health Sciences, University of Gävle, Gävle 80637, Sweden.
| | - Niklas Krause
- Departments of Epidemiology and Environmental Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Magnus Thorsten Jensen
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev-Gentofte, 2900 Hellerup, Denmark.
| | - Nidhi Gupta
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark.
| | | | - Andreas Holtermann
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark.
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de Oliveira Sato T, Hallman DM, Kristiansen J, Holtermann A. The association between multisite musculoskeletal pain and cardiac autonomic modulation during work, leisure and sleep - a cross-sectional study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2018; 19:405. [PMID: 30458750 PMCID: PMC6247621 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-018-2312-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The prevention and rehabilitation of multisite musculoskeletal pain would benefit from studies aiming to understand its underlying mechanism. Autonomic imbalance is a suggested mechanism for multisite pain, but hardly been studied during normal daily living. Therefore, the aim of the study is to investigate the association between multisite musculoskeletal pain and cardiac autonomic modulation during work, leisure and sleep. Methods This study is based on data from the “Danish Physical activity cohort with objective measurements” among 568 blue-collar workers. Pain intensity scales were dichotomized according to the median of each scale, and the number of pain sites was calculated. No site was regarded as the pain-free, one site was considered as single-site musculoskeletal pain and pain in two or more sites was regarded as multisite musculoskeletal pain. Heart rate variability (HRV) was measured by an electrocardiogram system (ActiHeart) and physical activity using accelerometers (Actigraph). Crude and adjusted linear mixed models were applied to investigate the association between groups and cardiac autonomic regulation during work, leisure and sleep. Results There was no significant difference between groups and no significant interaction between groups and domains in the crude or adjusted models for any HRV index. Significant differences between domains were found in the crude and adjusted model for all indices, except SDNN; sleep time showed higher values than leisure and work time, except for LF and LF/HF, which were higher during work. Conclusion This cross-sectional study showed that multisite musculoskeletal pain is not associated with imbalanced cardiac autonomic regulation during work, leisure and sleep time. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12891-018-2312-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana de Oliveira Sato
- Physical Therapy Department, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), Rodovia Washington Luís, km 235, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil.
| | - David M Hallman
- Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Department of Occupational and Public Health Sciences, University of Gävle, 801-76, Gävle, SE, Sweden
| | - Jesper Kristiansen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment (NRCWE), Lersø Parkallé 105, 2100, Copenhagen Ø, DK, Denmark
| | - Andreas Holtermann
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment (NRCWE), Lersø Parkallé 105, 2100, Copenhagen Ø, DK, Denmark.,Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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Chung JWY, Wong BYM, Yan VCM, Chung LMY, So HCF, Chan A. Cardiovascular Health of Construction Workers in Hong Kong: A Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15061251. [PMID: 29895813 PMCID: PMC6025116 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15061251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Background: Given a shortage of construction workers, it is important to develop strategies to avoid early retirement caused by cardiovascular diseases in Hong Kong. Objectives: (1) to describe the cardiovascular health of construction workers in Hong Kong, (2) to examine the demographic differences in cardiovascular health, and (3) to examine the association between health behaviors and cardiovascular health factors. Methods: 626 registered construction workers were included in the analysis. Blood chemistry, blood pressure, weight, and height were measured. Face-to-face questionnaire interviews for health behaviors were conducted. Results: Approximately two-thirds of the construction workers achieved only three out of the seven “ideal” cardiovascular health metrics. The younger, more educated, and female subjects had better cardiovascular health scores than the older, less educated, and male counterparts. Fish and seafood consumption was associated with (1) ideal weight status and (2) ideal cholesterol level, whereas less soft drink consumption was associated with ideal cholesterol level. Conclusions: The findings highlighted the importance of promoting cardiovascular health in the construction industry. This study provided some insights for future interventions, which should include increasing fish and seafood intake, decreasing soft drink consumption, and enhancing the health literacy amongst older, less educated, and male construction workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne Wai-Yee Chung
- Department of Health and Physical Education, The Education University of Hong Kong, 10 Lo Ping Road, Tai Po, New Territories, Hon Kong, China.
| | - Bonny Yee-Man Wong
- Department of Health and Physical Education, The Education University of Hong Kong, 10 Lo Ping Road, Tai Po, New Territories, Hon Kong, China.
| | - Vincent Chun-Man Yan
- Department of Health and Physical Education, The Education University of Hong Kong, 10 Lo Ping Road, Tai Po, New Territories, Hon Kong, China.
| | - Louisa Ming-Yan Chung
- Department of Health and Physical Education, The Education University of Hong Kong, 10 Lo Ping Road, Tai Po, New Territories, Hon Kong, China.
| | - Henry Chi-Fuk So
- Department of Mathematics and Information Technology, The Education University of Hong Kong, 10 Lo Ping Road, Tai Po, New Territories, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Albert Chan
- Department of Building and Real Estate, Polytechnic University, 11 Yuk Choi Rd, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China.
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Ferrario MM, Roncaioli M, Veronesi G, Holtermann A, Clays E, Borchini R, Cavicchiolo M, Grassi G, Cesana G. Differing associations for sport versus occupational physical activity and cardiovascular risk. Heart 2018; 104:1165-1172. [PMID: 29440185 DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2017-312594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We investigate the independent and interacting long-term associations of occupational physical activity (OPA) and sport physical activity (SpPA) with the incidence of coronary heart disease (CHD) and cardiovascular diseases (CVD; CHD plus ischaemic stroke) in North Italian male workers. METHODS 3574 employed men aged 25-64 years, free of CVD at baseline, recruited in three population-based and one factory-based cohorts, were included in the analysis. The Baecke Questionnaire was used to assess OPA and SpPA in 'minutes per week' of moderate or vigorous PA. We estimated the associations between different domains of PA and the endpoints, adjusting for major CVD risk factors, using Cox models. RESULTS During a median follow-up of 14 years, 135 and 174 first CHD and CVD events, fatal and non-fatal, occurred. Compared with the intermediate OPA tertile, the HRs for CHD among low and high OPA workers were 1.66 (95% CI 1.06 to 2.59) and 1.18 (0.72 to 1.94), respectively (P value=0.07). Decreasing trends in CHD and CVD rates across increasing levels of SpPA were also found, with an HR for CVD of 0.68 (0.46 to 0.98) for intermediate/recommended SpPA compared with poor SpPA. We also found a statistically significant SpPA-OPA interaction, and the protective effect of SpPA was only found among sedentary workers, for both endpoints. Conversely, high OPA workers with intermediate/recommended SpPA levels had increased CHD and CVD rates compared with the poor SpPA category. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide further evidence on the health paradox of OPA, with higher CVD rates among workers with intense PA at work. Moreover, the protective effect on CVDs of SpPA is prominent in sedentary workers, but it attenuates and even reverses in moderate and strenuous OPA workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Mario Ferrario
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, School of Medicine, Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy.,Occupational Medicine Unit, University hospital of Varese, Varese, Italy.,School of Occupational Medicine, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Mattia Roncaioli
- School of Occupational Medicine, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Giovanni Veronesi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, School of Medicine, Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Andreas Holtermann
- The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Els Clays
- Department of Public Health, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Rossana Borchini
- Occupational Medicine Unit, University hospital of Varese, Varese, Italy
| | - Marco Cavicchiolo
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, School of Medicine, Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Guido Grassi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy.,IRCCS Multimedica, Sesto San Giovanni, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Cesana
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
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Nawrocka A, Garbaciak W, Cholewa J, Mynarski W. The relationship between meeting of recommendations on physical activity for health and perceived work ability among white-collar workers. Eur J Sport Sci 2018; 18:415-422. [PMID: 29355091 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2018.1424257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between meeting recommendations on physical activity for health in leisure-time and the ability to work among Polish white-collar workers. METHODS The study used a cross-sectional design with a convenience sample of 360 white-collar workers. Participants recorded 7-day physical activity logs, including form, duration and intensity of leisure-time physical activities. The results were compared to health recommendations. A standardized Work Ability Index (WAI) questionnaire was used in assessing the ability to work. RESULTS Participants who met health recommendations achieved higher scores of the WAI (mean score = 41.93) in comparison to those who were not sufficiently physically active (mean score = 39.35) (p < .001). The results of binary logistic regression show that meeting health-related physical activity recommendations almost double the odds of reaching at least good work ability (OR = 1.94, 95% CI = 1.12-3.36). CONCLUSIONS Meeting leisure-time physical activity recommendations (especially the criterion of vigorous physical activity) is significantly related to higher self-assessed ability to work among white-collar workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Nawrocka
- a Department of Health-Related Physical Activity , The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education in Katowice , Katowice , Poland
| | - Wiesław Garbaciak
- b Department of Theory and Methodology of Physical Education , The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education in Katowice , Katowice , Poland
| | - Jarosław Cholewa
- a Department of Health-Related Physical Activity , The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education in Katowice , Katowice , Poland
| | - Władysław Mynarski
- a Department of Health-Related Physical Activity , The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education in Katowice , Katowice , Poland
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Different autonomic responses to occupational and leisure time physical activities among blue-collar workers. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2017; 91:293-304. [PMID: 29177943 PMCID: PMC5845059 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-017-1279-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Purpose The differential effect of occupational and leisure time physical activity on cardiovascular health is termed the physical activity health paradox. Cardiac autonomic modulation could bring insights about the underlying mechanism behind this differential effect. The aim was to compare heart rate variability (HRV) during different activities (sitting, standing and moving) at work and leisure among blue-collar workers. Methods One hundred thirty-eight workers from the NOMAD cohort were included. Data from physical activity and HRV were obtained for 3–4 days using tri-axial accelerometers (Actigraph GT3X+) and a heart rate monitor (Actiheart). HRV indices were determined during sitting, standing and moving both at work and leisure. Linear mixed-models with two fixed factors (activities and domains) were applied to investigate differences in HRV indices adjusting for individual and occupational factors. Results The results showed significant effects of domain (p < 0.01), physical activity type (p < 0.01) and interaction between domain and activity type (p < 0.01) on HRV indices. Mean heart rate (IBI) and parasympathetic measures of HRV (RMSSD and HF) were lower for sitting (p < 0.01) and higher for moving (p < 0.01) during work compared with leisure, while no difference between domains was found for standing (p > 0.05). Sympathovagal balance (LF/HF) was higher during work for sitting and moving (p < 0.01), but showed no difference for standing (p = 0.62). Conclusions Differences in cardiac autonomic modulation between work and leisure were found, indicating sympathetic predominance during work and parasympathetic predominance during leisure for sitting. Autonomic responses can be part of the mechanism that explains the differential effect of occupational and leisure time physical activity on health.
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